VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

Synopsis

OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF SVC TO IMPROVE

VOLTAGE PROFILE AND LOSS REDUCTION
Submitted By
Mr. Kubera U
USN: 2SD5EPS05
M.Tech (Electrical Power Systems)

Under the guidance of

Prof. C M Chelli
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
SDMCET Dharwad.

S.D.M. College of Engineering & Technology,

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Dharwad-580002, Karnataka, India
Academic Year 2016-2017
Abstract The power systems across the world are being operated at highly loaded
conditions, as a result of which they are becoming more prone to voltage instability. In
order to overcome this problem of voltage instability, it is necessary to determine the
optimal location of voltage compensating devices like SVC. To reduce the computation
time required for optimal allocation of SVC, it is useful to conduct its performance
analysis only at the weak bus locations of the system. The weak bus locations of the
system are identified with the help of Fast Voltage Stability Index. SVC helps to provide
voltage profile improvement and loss reduction in a system. Improvement in voltage
profile and voltage stability margin is indicated by Voltage Profile Improvement Index.
Loss reduction provided by a SVC contributes to the power generation cost savings. The
monthly generation cost savings obtained with the use of SVC can be used to pay back
the investment cost of the device along with its corresponding interest amount. The total
cost associated with a SVC is often paid back on EMI basis. The recovery time T is the
time required to pay back the cost associated with a compensating device with the help of
the EMIs generated from the monthly generation cost savings.

I. INTRODUCTION

The various economic, environmental, technical and legal constraints have already
provided limitations towards the expansion of our existing power system as a result of
which with the day to day increase in load demand, the power systems across the world
are being forced to operate their existing equipments closer to their stability limits (i.e.
maximum capacities). The power system planners and researchers in the recent years
have become more concerned about the problem of voltage stability and have considered
it as a major cause of power system insecurity, instability and voltage collapse. An
increase in loading of the system causes an increased shortage of real and reactive power
of the system, which in turn causes a fall in the bus voltages of the system. The fall in the
bus voltages of the network, if reached beyond a point causes voltage instability. The
problem of voltage instability in the highly loaded networks can be mitigated to some
extent by the use of shunt compensating Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)
devices like Static Var Compensators (SVCs). A SVC is a shunt compensating FACTS
device which can be considered to be equivalent to a parallel combination of a variable
shunt inductor and a variable shunt capacitor both of which can be varied in order to get
desirable control of voltage and reactive power injection at the terminally connected
control bus. With the use of power electronic devices, SVCs are capable of providing
faster and smoother voltage control as compared to the traditional shunt compensating
devices. SVCs can not only provide voltage control, but can also reduce the active and
reactive power losses in the network, thus contributing to some economic benefit.
Although the use of SVC is a useful method of mitigation of voltage instability, but,
installation of this device at any random location in the network may not give satisfactory
results. It is therefore necessary to have prime knowledge about the location at which the
installation of the device would be most beneficial (optimal placement). Many
researchers have emphasized on the use of voltage profile improvement and loss
reduction as the basic criteria of selection of optimal placement. On the other hand, some
of the researchers have taken into account the different economic aspects of using SVC
as the major factors governing the selection of optimal placement. However, while
considering the economic aspects of using SVC, the investment cost of the device should
be taken into account along with the corresponding amount of interest. This proposes a
new approach, by which the economic aspects of SVC are analysed not only based on its
investment cost but also the interest amount associated with it. The loss reduction
obtained with the use of SVC helps to reduce the total power generation and hence,
contributes to the generation cost savings. The installation cost of SVC is generally quite
high. However, it is not practically possible to conduct the performance assessment of
SVC at all the bus locations of a network. Therefore, in order to reduce the computation
time required for determining optimal allocation, it is more useful to conduct the
performance assessment of the device only at the weak bus locations (buses which are
more prone to voltage instability) of the system. The weak bus locations of a system can
be identified with the help of the various available voltage stability indices such as Lmn ,
FVSI , LQP. The optimal allocation of SVC is determined by conducting its performance
analysis at the weak buses based on important objective functions : Voltage Profile
Improvement Index (VPII ), percentage of real ( PL%), reactive power ( Q L% ) loss
reduction.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

An extensive literature survey is carried out to submit the synopsis of this project.

1. Maintaining Voltage Stability in Power System using FACTS Devices.

FACTS devices are helpful for maintaining voltage stability during load variation, for
increasing loadability of power system as a whole and to maintain stability of power
system. With ever increasing demand of power, optimum use of existing power
infrastructure is must. FACTS devices provide enormous opportunity for optimized usage
of existing infrastructure with usage of power system near its stability limit. In this paper,
only technical aspect of reactive power support is considered. Identification of weak bus is
considered through voltage collapse proximity index (VCPI), although there are several
other methods which can be used. .

2. Voltage Profile Improvement and Loss Reduction Using Optimal Allocation of

SVC

The optimal placement of SVC has been carried out using the 4 major objective
functions T , VPII , PL% and Q L% together into consideration. In order to reduce the
computation time required to determine the optimal location, the performance of SVC is
analyzed only at the 4 weak bus locations (which could be found out using FVSI ) of IEEE
14 bus system at 150% loading. The required recovery time T is found to be lower when
SVC is connected at bus nos. 14, 13 and 9. The VPII , PL% and Q L% are found to be
highest when SVC is placed at bus no. 14. As bus no. 14 gives the best result for all the
objective functions, it is selected as the optimal location for the placement of SVC.
3. Optimal Placement and Sizing of SVC for Loss Minimization and Voltage
Security Improvement using Differential Evolution Algorithm

This DE algorithm has been implemented for finding the optimal solution which
includes sizing and placement of SVC for loss minimization and improvement of voltage
security considering the cost of SVC during single line outage contingencies. This multi-
criteria optimization problem is transformed as a single objective problem and was
handled through giving equal importance to each of them. For optimal placement of SVC
under various critical outage contingencies, different optimal locations were obtained. For
enhancement of voltage security in a power system additionally more than one SVC
located at optimum location are required. The results evidently reveal the efficiency of DE
algorithm for solving multi-criteria and large-scale optimization problems of power
systems also.

4. A Comparison of Voltage Stability Indices for Placing Shunt FACTS

Controllers

The strategy for placement and sizing of shunt controller is presented to obtain
maximum improvement in the voltage profile and enhancement in steady state voltage
stability margin. In the system studied, it has been found that various bus and line stability
indices i,e Lmn, FVSI and Lqp are able to identify the critical lines and buses correctly.
The performance of the indices shows high degree of accuracy and reliability. Most of the
indices are very simple in nature and easy to calculate. Suitable shunt FACTS controller
can be connected at the weakest bus/area in order to improve the performance of the
system.

5. Reactive Power Management and Voltage Control of large Transmission system

using SVC

From the simulation results of SVC (obtained from PSCAD/EMTDC) it is found that
SVC can effectively use to control voltage and reactive power compensation. Thus the
superiority of SVC over fixed capacitor compensation is proved. In addition to this the
SVC has much superior voltage control capabilities both, in steady and transient state than
the conventional switched shunt capacitor and reactor compensation.

III. OBJECTIVES

Designing of SVC controller

Finding the optimal location of SVC for the following objectives
Voltage profile improvement
Reduce the real power loss
Reduce the reactive power loss
Recovery time of installed amount after installing SVC
IV. METHODOLOGY

Considering the IEEE 30 bus system and increasing the system load to 130%. And
calculating the weak line and week bus in the system by using the fast voltage stability
index (FVSI), which is one of the fastest stability indices used to determine the weak bus
locations of a system.
Depending upon the FVSI the location of the SVC is decided. If the value of FVSI is
higher for a particular line then that line is considered as most instable line so in order to
improve the stability of that line SVC is placed to corresponding bus to compensate for
voltage.

V. REFERENCES
1. Sriparna Roy Ghatak, Debarghya Basu, Parimal Acharjee; Chowdhury. S. , Voltage
Profile Improvement and Loss Reduction Using Optimal Allocation of SVC, IEEE
INDICON 978-1-4673-6540-6/2015

2. Asha Vijayan1 , S.Padma2 Maintaining Voltage Stability in Power System using

FACTS Devices ISSN 2319 6734 IJESI Volume 2 Issue 2 February. 2013.

3. K. Pathak, Dr. M. P. Sharma, Dr. Manoj Gupta : Modeling and Simulation of SVC
for Reactive Power Control in High Penetration Wind Power System IEEE
INDICON 2015 1570185233

4. Alisha Banga1 and S.S. Kaushik, Modeling and Simulation of Svc Controller For
Enhancement of Power System Stability, IJAET ISSN: 2231-1963 2011

5. N.A.M.Ismail, A.A.M.Zin, A.Khairuddin, S.Khokhar A Comparison of Voltage

Stability Indices, IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization
Conference (PEOCO2014), Langkawi, The Jewel of Kedah, Malaysia. 24-25 March
2014.

6. R. Phadke S. K. Bansal K. R. Niazi, A Comparison of Voltage Stability Indices for

Placing Shunt FACTS Controllers, IEEE Transactions First International Conference
on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology 2008

Signature of the Student Signature of the Guide

(Kubera U) (Prof. C M Chelli)