Manifolds and Topology Preliminary Examination Spring 2006

Instructions
No books, papers, or electronic devices may be used in this Examination!
Write only your codename on your Blue Books, NOT your actual name!
This Examination has two Parts, A and B. Solutions of problems in separate Parts must be
written is separate Blue Books! The two Parts may be scored by different Scorers.
The point value for each problem is shown in square brackets. There are four problems in Part
A, worth 100 points, and four problems in Part B, worth 100 points, for a total of 200 points.
The passing score will be based on your total score.
You may use the result of one problem in another one, even if you have not solved the problem
in which the result you are using is proved.
All answers must be complete and correct. Partial credit will be awarded sparingly. The Scorers
must not be expected to supply any missing parts of any answer.
Problems in each Part may be done in any order. You must clearly identify where the parts of
your answers are. The Scorers will not search at length for answers that are incomplete. Rather,
they will assume that you stopped your attempt, unless you clearly indicate where the answer
continues.
If you use a Theorem, state it fully and concisely, or identify it clearly. In either case, verifying
hypotheses explicitly is essential. Do not use a Theorem if the result you are proving is used to
prove that Theorem!
In all cases, give the essential explanations and justifications. A significant part of your work in
each problem is really the determination of the crucial points!
Do not make assumptions that trivialize a problem.
 Part A
A01 [20 pts]: Let f, g : R R2 be injective immersions. Assume that f (R) = g(R) , i.e.,
that f and g have the same image in R2 . Let h := g 1 f : R R .
(a) [10 pts] It is possible that h is not continuous. Find such an example, but dont try to write
it down explicitly. Instead, simply draw a picture that shows the set f (R) as a subset of the
plane R2 .
(b) [10 pts] Now assume that h is continuous. Show that h is differentiable. (Hint: Use the
Implicit Function Theorem.)

A02 [30 pts]: Let X be the topological space obtained by taking two disjoint tori and gluing
a longitude circle of one with a latitude circle of the other. Specifically:
Let S 1 := {(a, b) | a2 + b2 = 1} be the circle in R2 . Let T := S 1 S 1 {0} R5 and
T 0 := S 1 S 1 {1} R5 . Give T T 0 the relative topology inherited from R5 . Then T T 0
is usually described as the disjoint union of two tori.
Let p0 := (1, 0) S 1 . Let S := {p0 } S 1 {0} T and let S 0 := S 1 {p0 } {1} T 0 .
Define f : S S 0 by f (p0 , q, 0) = (q, p0 , 1) . Let R be the smallest equivalence relation on
T T 0 containing the graph of f . That is, R is the smallest equivalence relation on T T 0
satisfying: for all x S , we have (x, f (x)) R .
Now let X := (T T 0 )/R , with the quotient topology.
(a) [10 pts] Compute 1 (X) . (Its enough to give generators and relations.)
(b) [5 pts] Compute H1 (X) .
(c) [10 pts] Compute H2 (X) .
(d) [5 pts] Compute H 2 (X; Z/2Z) .
A03 [30 pts]: Let S := (R {0}) ({0} (0, )) R2 be the union of the horizontal axis
with the upper half of the vertical axis. Let C := S (R (, 0)) be S together with all
points below the horizontal axis. Give S and C the relative topologies inherited from R2 .
(a) [20 pts] Show, for any homeomorphism f : C C , that f (S) = S . (Hint: Use Invariance
of Domain.)
(b) [10 pts] Let s := (0, 0) S . Show, for any homeomorphism f : C C , that f (s) = s .

A04 [20 pts]: Let X be a topological space.

(a) [10 pts] Let x X and let H be a subgroup of G := 1 (X, x) . Let X

b X be the
1
covering corresponding to H . Assume, for all g G\H , that gHg 6= H . Show that the
b X is the identity map.
only deck transformation of X
(b) [10 pts] Assume that X is path-connected and simply-connected. Show that every map
f : X S 1 is homotopic to a constant map.
 Part B
B01 [20 pts]: Do the following:
(a) [5 pts] State the Hopf degree Theorem for continuous maps from S n to S n , for n 1 .
(b) [5 pts] State the Sard Theorem for a smooth map f : S n S k , where n 1, k 1 .
(c) [10 pts] Given a smooth map f : S 2 S 3 , for a regular value v0 , what can you say about
f 1 (v0 ) ? (No proof is required.)

B02 [20 pts]: Use S 1 to denote the unit circle in R2 = C , and orient it counter-clockwise. Let
M = S 1 S 1 have the product orientation. Let f : T 2 T 2 be defined by f (z, w) = (z 4 , w
5 )
2 2 2 10 1 1
and g : T T be defined by g(z, w) = (z , w ) , with z S C , w S C and w
the complex conjugate of w .

(a) [10 pts] Calculate the degrees of f and g .

(b) [10 pts] Are f and g homotopic? Justify your answer.

B03 [20 pts]: Do the following.

(a) [10 pts] Let S 2 be the unit sphere in R3 . Let f : S 2 S 2 be a smooth map satisfying
f (x) = f (x) . Let v0 be a regular value of f . What does (the proof of) Borsuk-Ulam say
about the set f 1 (v0 ) ?
(b) [10 pts] Let g : S 2 R3 {0} be a smooth map satisfying g(x) = g(x) . Show that the
image g(S 2 ) intersects every line through the origin.
B04 [20 pts]: Do the following.
(a) [10 pts] What is the Euler number of S 2 ? Of S 3 ? Of S 4 ? Of T 2 ?
(b) [10 pts] Does there exist a nowhere vanishing smooth vector field on S 2 ? On S 3 ? On S 4 ?
On T 2 ?

B05 [20 pts]: Let f : S 3 S 2 be a smooth map and be a 2form on S 2 .

(a) [10 pts] Show that f is exact.
(b) [10 pts] Let and be 1forms on S 3 with d = f = d . Show that
Z Z

f = f .
S3 S3