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Ue States
States in UTRAN, GERAN, E-UTRA
3G LTE GSM
GSM_Connected
CELL_DCH Handover E-UTRA Handover
RRC_CONNECTED
GPRS Packet
transfer mode
CELL_FACH
CCO with
optional CCO,
CELL_PCH NACC Reselection
URA_PCH Reselection
Connection Connection
Connection establishment/release establishment/release
establishment/release
Attach accept
Attach accept TAU Accept
Connection Management States
Definition of EPS Connection Management states
ECM-IDLE
UE is in ECM-IDLE state when no NAS signaling connection between UE and network exists.
In the EMM-REGISTERED and ECM-IDLE state, the UE shall perform:
Tracking Area Update
Periodic Tracking Area Update
Service Request
Answer to paging from MME with Service Request
UE and MME enter the ECM-CONNECTED state when signaling connection is established.
ECM-CONNECTED
UE location is known in the MME with an accuracy of a serving eNodeB.
For a UE in the ECM-CONNECTED state, there exists a signaling connection between the UE and
the MME.
The S1 release procedure changes the state at both UE and MME from ECM-CONNECTED to
ECM-IDLE.
CPU by Moores
law = double
every 18 months
Battery savings
are a must and
are proportional to
active/inactive ratio
Battery capacity
double every 12
years
Normal eNB Initiated Transition to ECM-IDLE
(e.g. due to user inactivity) inactivityTimer
Inactivity for UL & DL
LNCEL; 10..65535s; 1s ; 30s
Main impact > UE- consumes less battery power in idle mode and there are less active UEs which
network have to handle. Fast going to inactivity has drawback of longer connection setup
time (transition idle<->connected)
Inactivity Timer Parameter
DRX/DTX means UE transceiver is switched off for some predefined time periods. This save power
consumption on one side but might consequences in longer call setup time and/or lower user
throughput achievable.
In Idle mode for Paging this option means UE is listening paging messages in predefined time
opportunities only and sleeping all other time..
The cell specific DRX cycle length Tsib is broadcasted by System Information (PCCH-
Config parameter defaultPagingCycle (in number of radio frames)
The UE specific DRX cycle length Tue might be received from core network from S1AP
Paging Message as Optional IE.
The used paging DRX Cycle T (in number of radio frames) is set to: T=MIN(Tue,Tsib).
(Referred to as ' T ' in 3GPP TS 36.304)
The relationship paging occasions - radio frame is given by the parameter pagingNb
provided in System Information (PCCH-Config parameter pagingNb). nB shall be interpreted
as a calculation formula (how to derive paging occasions from T). For better understanding,
the result of the calculation formula nB will be written as nB(T) in this section.
Example: quarterT denotes nB(T)= 1/4*T (there is 1 paging occasion in every 4th radio
frame).
Occasion of Paging Messages
Explain of Variables as per SFS (UE Behavior)
Paging capacity is not a limiting factor as the Paging Channel (PCH) is mapped dynamically on the PDSCH.
The factor (T div N) gives the distance of radio frames with paging occasions. The calculation of the factor
(T div N) is 2(i-k).
The factor (UE_ID mod N) gives a relative index of a radio frame with paging occasions inside a Paging DRX
cycle. The calculation of factor (UE_ID mod N) is a simple mask operation for the last k bits.
The product (T div N)*(UE_ID mod N) gives the relative position of a radio frame with paging occasions relative
to the start of a Paging_DRX cycle.
(SFN mod T) provides a SFN numbering relative to the start of a Paging-DRX cycle. The calculation of factor
(SFN mod T) is a simple mask operation for the last i bits.
Calculation:
T = MIN(Tue,Tsib) = MIN(8,32) = 8 frames -> DRX cycle length
nB(T) = half(8) = 4 -> paging occasions per DRX cycle
N = MIN(T,nB(T)) = MIN(8,4) = 4 paging groups
Ns = MAX(1, nB(T)/T) = MAX(1, 4 / 8) = MAX(1,0)= 1 subframe used for paging
UE_ID = 3, assumption for this example (it could be any number)
T div N = 8 div 4 = 2 -> distance between 2 radio frames with paging occasions
UE_ID mod N = 3 mod 4 = 3 -> relative index of a frame with PO inside DRX
(T div N)*(UE_ID mod 4) = 2*3 = 6 -> relative position of the PO inside DRX
Let next reachable be SFN = 501; therefore (SFN mod T) = 5; therefore SFN for paging is
501+(6-5)=502.
Simplified case (*to be shown in the picture) as the Tue is smaller than allowed by 3GPP.
drxOnDuratT
DRX on duration timer
LNCEL;1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,10ms ;
depends on DRX profile
DRX in RRC Connected Mode (RL30)
DRX Timers (2/3)
DRX Inactivity timer:
Specifies the number of consecutive TTIs during which the UE shall monitor PDCCH after
successfully decoding a PDCCH indicating an initial UL or DL user data transmission for
this UE
Will be started or restarted if the PDCCH indicated a new UL or DL transmission and if the
UE is DRX Active at that time
If running UE is DRX active
For bursty traffic the scheduler can keep the UE awake by scheduling it in a specific time
window (with continuously grants to UE, DRX Inactivity Timer Window will be moved beyond
the end of the DRX cycle)
Re -Started at (2)
Note: If no further grants to UE during DRX Active
DRX Inactivity Timer
Started at (1)
time frame then the DRX Inactivity Timer will
DRX Inactivity Timer exceed and UE stops being DRX Active (not
listening to PDCCH any more)
DRX On Duration
drxInactivityT
DRX inactivity timer
(1) DL grant on PDCCH (2) DL grant on PDCCH LNCEL;1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,10, 20,
+ DL data on PDSCH + DL data on PDSCH
30, 40, 50, 60, 80ms ; depends
on DRX profile
DRX in RRC Connected Mode (RL30)
DRX Timers (3/3)
DRX Retransmission Timer:
Specifies the maximum number of consecutive PDCCH sub-frames for possible allocations
as soon as a DL retransmission is expected by the UE
Started after HARQ Timer* expires and DL data were not decoded successfully
Purpose: Span a window within the UE listens on PDCCH for a retransmission in DL
If running, UE is DRX active
Stopped when PDCCH indicates a DL transmission and UE is DRX active at that time
As UE is DRX Active when DRX Retransmission timer is running, eNB could schedule UE in
DL or UL for new transmissions
UL out-of-sync handling:
By using a very long setting for DRX cycle the UE is going out-of-sync (the time alignment is
stopped some time after the UE has finished the data transmission)
In out-of-sync UE releases dedicated resources on PUCCH
The transition back to UL in-sync is done via Random Access procedure
The choice to which UEs to apply the extended DRX setting could be set with
applyOutOfSyncState parameter
UEs with established GBR bearers are always kept UL in-Sync
Extended DRX Settings (RL30)
It should be avoided that UEs are being sent to RRC_IDLE immediately after UL
out-of-sync detection
Let users go UL out-of-sync whenever there is no traffic activity for both UL and DL
direction of all DRBs and SRBs
The (short) time frame until detection of no traffic activity is controlled by a eNB
time: Short Term Inactivity Timer
If short term inactivity has been determined UE is going out-of-sync
minimumHOdelay
drxInactivityT
determines the minimum time DRX inactivity timer
for which a UE needs to be kept stInactFactor LNCEL;1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,10, 20,
in DRX active following the Short term inactivity factor. 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 200, 300,
most recent transmission of LNCEL: 0..10; 1; 1 500, 750, 1280, 1920, 2560ms ;
new data
depends on DRX profile
LNCEL;100..5000ms; 100ms;
500ms
Vendor specific parameter
DRX in Connected Mode: Parameters overview
For each case when specific UE shall be paged in, the next appropriate radio frame
and sub-frame for sending the corresponding RRC PAGING message can be
derived from:
N = MIN (T , nB(T ))
The UE Identity Index Value IE (UE_ID) is provided in the S1AP: PAGING message.
The Paging Group Count on radio frame level (N) that is calculated from T and
nB(T):
.. ( )
N s = MAX (1, nB T / T )
As the nB values fourT and twoT are not supported N is always nB(T).
The number of sub-frames used for paging per radio frame (Ns) (only for those
radio frames used for paging). As the nB values fourT and twoT are not
supported in RL20, Ns =1 is valid for all cases. Generally:
The SFN of the radio frame for paging shall be calculated based on the
following formula give by [3GPP 36.304]:
The sub frame number is given by chapter 7.2 of [3GPP 36.304]. Since
Ns==1 is valid for all cases in the current release, the sub frame number
shall always be set to 9 for FDD.
Calculation of DRX cycle start