E1-

E1-E2 (CFA)

DWDM

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 WELCOME
This is a presentation for the E1-E2 CFA Module for the
Topic: DWDM
Eligibility: Those who have got the Up gradation from
E1 to E2.
This presentation is last updated on 28-3-2011.
You can also visit the Digital library of BSNL to see this
topic.

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 Agenda

Introduction
Development of DWDM Technology
Varieties of WDM
DWDM System Function
Transmission Windows
DWDM System Components
Benefits of DWDM
Conclusion

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 Introduction
One of the major issues in the networking industry
today is tremendous demand for more and more
bandwidth.
Before the introduction of optical networks, the reduced
availability of fibers became a big problem for the
network providers.
Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM)
revolutionized transmission technology by increasing
the capacity signal of embedded fiber.

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 Introduction
The existing SONET/SDH network architecture is best
suited for voice traffic rather than todays high-speed data
traffic.
To upgrade the system to handle this kind of traffic is
very expensive and hence the need for the development
of an intelligent all-optical network.
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a
fiber-optic transmission technique that employs multiple
light wavelengths to transmit data in parallel through a
single fiber.
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Introduction

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Development of DWDM Technology

Early WDM began in the late 1980s using the two widely
spaced wavelengths in the 1310 nm and 1550 nm (or
850 nm and 1310 nm) regions, sometimes called
wideband WDM.
The early 1990s saw a second generation of WDM,
sometimes called narrowband WDM, in which two to
eight channels were used.

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Development of DWDM Technology

By the mid-1990s, dense WDM (DWDM) systems were

emerging with 16 to 40 channels and spacing from 100
to 200 GHz.
By the late 1990s DWDM systems had evolved to the
point where they were capable of 64 to 160 parallel
channels, densely packed at 50 or even 25 GHz
intervals.

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Development of DWDM Technology

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 Varieties of WDM
1. WDM
Traditional, passive WDM systems are widespread
with 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 channel counts being the
normal deployments.

2. CWDM
Today, coarse WDM (CWDM) typically uses 20-nm
spacing (3000 GHz) of up to 18 channels.
The CWDM grid is made up of 18 wavelengths
defined within the range 1270 nm to 1610 nm spaced
by 20 nm.
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 Varieties of WDM

3. DWDM
Dense WDM common spacing may be 200, 100, 50,
or 25 GHz with channel count reaching up to 128 or
more channels at distances of several thousand
kilometers with amplification and regeneration along
such a route.

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Varieties of WDM

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 DWDM System Function

Dense wavelength division multiplexing systems allow

many discrete transports channels by combining and
transmitting multiple signals simultaneously at different
wavelengths on the same fiber.
In effect, one fiber is transformed into multiple virtual
fibers.
So, if you were to multiplex 32 STM-16 signals into one
fiber, you would increase the carrying capacity of that
fiber from 2.5 Gb/s to 80 Gb/s.

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 DWDM System Function

A key advantage to DWDM is that it's protocol and bit

rate-independent. DWDM-based networks can transmit
data in SDH, IP, ATM and Ethernet etc.
Therefore, DWDM-based networks can carry different
types of traffic at different speeds over an optical
channel. DWDM is a core technology in an optical
transport network.

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 DWDM System Function

Any Speed---------------------------------Any Protocol

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DWDM System Function
Transparent transmission

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 DWDM System Function

Dense WDM common spacing may be

200 GHz or 1.6 nm,
100 GHz or 0.8 nm,
50 GHz or 0.4 nm,
25 GHz with channel count reaching up to 128 or
more channels at distances of several thousand
kilometers with amplification and regeneration along
such a route.

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 DWDM System Function

Supports optical data protocols including SDH, ESCON,

FICON, Fibre Channel, GigE, Digital Video, Fast Ethernet etc.

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 Transmission Windows

In Future, the
communication window
1280~1625nm

1525~1565nm
C-band

L-band 1565~1625nm
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Transmission Windows

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 Overview of DWDM
DWDM systems in enabling service providers to
accommodate consumer demand for ever-increasing
amounts of bandwidth.
DWDM allows the transmission of different formats
like Internet protocol (IP), asynchronous transfer
mode (ATM), and synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH), respectively, over the optical layer.

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 DWDM System Components
Transmitter (transmit transponder)
Optical Multiplexer/ demultiplexer
Optical Amplifier
Optical fiber (media)
Receiver (receive transponder)

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 DWDM System Components

Transmitter (transmit transponder)

Changes electrical bits to optical pulses
Uses a narrowband laser to generate the optical
pulse

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 DWDM System Components

Optical Multiplexer/ demultiplexer

Combines/separates discrete wavelengths

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 DWDM System Components
Optical Amplifier
Pre-amplifier, Post-amplifier and In line amplifiers
(ILA)
EDFA (Eribium Doped Fiber Amplifier) is the
most popular amplifier.

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 DWDM System Components

Optical Fiber (Media)

Transmission media to carry optical pulses
Many different kinds of fiber are used

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 DWDM System Components

Receiver (receive transponder)

Changes optical pulses back to electrical bits
Uses wideband laser to provide the optical pulse

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 Benefits of DWDM

Increases bandwidth (speed and distance)

Does not require replacement or upgrade their existing
legacy systems
Provides "next generation" technologies to meet growing
data needs
Less costly in the long run because increased fiber
capacity is automatically available; don't have to upgrade
all the time

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 Conclusion

DWDM promises to solve the "fiber exhaust" problem

and is expected to be the central technology in the all-
optical networks of the future.
This technology responds to the growing need for
efficient and capable data transmission by working with
different formats, such as SONET/SDH, while increasing
bandwidth.

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Thank you!

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