Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
+2 MichelleTagoe
Ms.Pedersen
ClassIVPhysics
19May2017
Voltage is not a property of a motor
+2.5 SimpleMotorVoltagevs.AngularVelocity of what?
I. Introduction
A. Motors surround us in our daily lives, from cars to hair dryers. Their
+4.5
fundamental ability to transform electrical energy into rotational energy
and, subsequently, kinetic energy has paved the road for success in the
have actually seen the inner workings of a motor, and neither did we
and we believe a stronger current will lead to higher angular velocity. The
velocity;therelationbetweenourIVandDVfollowsapositive,lineartrend.
This should
http://web.mit.edu/cmse/educational/motor_lp_kristy.pdf
appear either
II. Procedure in a footnote or
at the end.
A. EquipmentDiagram
+4 What is in this
picture? Your
equipment
diagrams need
labels. A clear
schematic diagram
would be much
better.
B. ExperimentalMethod
+6 1. Firstly, we made a coil from coated copper wire by wrapping it in 9 loops
around a small battery and stretching out the two ends of thewireopposite
toeachothersotheybecamealigned.
2. After making the coil, we sandeditstwoendsegments,onlyhalfwayaround
thewireononesideandcompletelyontheotherside. Why?
3. We reshaped two paper clips into the coil holder and conductorbycreating
depressions to place the coil on. We also took care to align the paper clips
sotheywereparallelandofequalheightwhenstandingup.
4. Subsequently, we attached conductor cables toeachofthepaperclips.The
other end of the cables we initially connected to a battery. However, we
eventually switched to a DC generator since it can supply power much
higher voltages and, unlike batteries, will not deplete. Then we placed two
magnets directly beneath the coil, turned on the power, and our coil began
tospinwithaslightnudge.
5. Independent Variable: Voltage. We conducted trials from thelowestvoltage
Your
specifications at which the coil could spin steadily to the maximum output of the power
of the IV and supply.Ourresultingrangeranfrom3.9Vto30.8V.
DV are not 6. Dependent Variable: Angular Velocity of Coil. We took slow motion videos
steps in your
procedure. that allowed us to see each individual cycle of the coil. Then we replayed
several 5-second segments from each video as our trials and recorded the
angular velocity for 5 seconds in slow motion. After finding the slow motion
playback speed tobe1/7,wecalculatedthenumberofcyclespersecondfor
ourcoilinrealtime,thusarrivingatitsangularvelocity.
B. ControlledVariables
How?
+3 1. Paperclip Height & Type: Since distance affects magnetism, we made sure
that our paper clips were aligned and maintained thesameverticaldistance
from the magnet even after we replaced them. In addition, we used the
same type of paper clips throughoutourlabsincedifferentbrandsandsizes
couldaffecttheirconductivityandincreasetheuncertaintyinourdata.
2. Magnets: magnets were an essential part of our experiment, since the
magnetic field leads the coil to rotate. Therefore, we placed 2 magnets of
the same type directly under the coil throughout ourexperimenttomaintain
thesamedistanceandmagneticstrength.
3. Wire Diameter & Coil Loops: Initial research told us that the diameter of the
wire we used for the coil as well as the number of loops we wrappedcould
affect the strength of the current flowing through it and, consequently, its
angular velocity. Since we neededtoreplaceourcoiltwice,wewrappedthe
same diameter wire an equal number of loops around the same battery for
allourreplacementcoils.
III. Results
A. QualitativeObservations
1. As expected, the rotation of our coil gradually sped up as we turned up the
+6
voltage. However, we also found lower voltages to be far more stable, with
the ability to rotate at a consistent velocity in one direction for several
minutes at a time. Meanwhile, higher voltages rendered the coil far more
volatile, fluctuating periodically in angular velocity and switching directions
after slowing down. The coilalsogeneratedsparksatitsconnectingpointto Yikes!
the paperclips while spinning. These sparks were barely visible at voltages
below 10 V, occasionally appearing as a light blue glimmer. They began to
appear more often as we turned up the voltage, leaping up from the
paperclip in bright blue and orange beyond 15 V while generating loud
snappingsoundswitheveryrotation.Wealsonoticedthegeneratorshowing
fluctuating voltages as the coil spun, often with a flashing Current Limited
sign. Voltage fluctuation increased with voltage as well, rising from around
12% below 10 V to 40% at 20 V and above. We will investigate this
phenomenoninthisuncertaintysection.
B. Tables
+8
In the
future,
create a
table and
put that in
your
document.
C. SampleCalculations(firstrow)
a) Avg.Rotationsper5s(SM)=(8.0+7.0+8.2+9.2)/4=8.1
+4
b) Rotation(5sSM)AAD=(|8.1-8.0|+|8.1-7.0|+|8.1-8.2|+|8.1-9.2|)/4=0.6
c) Rotation(5sSM)%AAD=0.6/8.1*100=7.4%
a) Trial1R/s(RT)=8.0/5*7=11.2
You should show the general
b) Trial2R/s(RT)=7.0/5*7=9.8 expression for the calculation
c) Trial3R/s(RT)=8.2/5*7=11.4811.5 before inserting values.
d) Trial4R/s(RT)=9.2/5*7=12.8812.9
e) AvgR/s(RT)=(11.2+9.8+11.48+12.88)/4=11.3411.3
f) Rotation AAD = (|11.34-11.2| + |11.34-9.8| + |11.34-11.48| + |11.34-12.88|)/4 =
0.840.8
g) Rotation%AAD=0.84/11.34*100=7.4%
h) We used two decimal places when applicable in the last 3 calculations
since we wanted to ensure precision and the hundredths places could
actuallyaffectourresults.
E. Graphs
+7.5
88.5/100