Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1Salivarysecretion:(i)parotid(ii)submandibular(iii)sublingualglands
Salivacontains:(i)serous:amylase(ii)mucous:mucin
30.2Deglutition
Swallowingreflexisinitiatedbystimulationofpressurereceptors
Swallowingcentre:medullaoblongata,pons
Oralphase transferfoodstolarynx
Pharyngealphase softpalateelevated,glottisclosed,respirationinhibited,epiglottiscover
glottis
Esophagealphase peristalticwavelengthsmovefoodstowardsstomach
30.3
Gastricmixing&grinding
Antrum
Strongantralcontractions(retropulsionagainstaclosedpylorus)
Gastricemptyingofchyme
Strongperistalticcontraction
Gastricsecretion:
Cephalicphase
Gastricphase*:vagovagalreflex
Intestinalphase
Celltypes Gastricmucosa
Surfaceepithelialcells Mucus&Bicarbonate
protectsepitheliumfrominjuredbygastricjuice
Chief(Peptic)cells Pepsinogenspepsin
digestprotein
Oxyntic(Parietal)cells HCl
convertspepsinogentoactivepepsin
()blockingtheprotonpump
Control:
(+)
Paracrine:Histamine
Vagalstimulation:AChactsonmuscarinicreceptors
Hormone:Gastrin
()
Somatostatin
Intrinsicfactor
absorptionofVitB12
ECLcells Histamine
stimulateHClsecretion
Gcells Gastrin
HCl&pepsinogensecretion
30.4Smallintestine:digestion&absorptionofcarbohydrates,proteins&fats
30.5Pancreaticexocrinesecretion
Acinarcells:enzymes,proteases
digestionofprotein,carbohydrates&fats
Trypsin# proteins
Lipase fats
Amylase polysaccharides
#activatedbyenterokinaseintheintestinalbrushborder
Epithelialcellsofpancreaticducts:bicarbonate
neutralizingacidicchymeinstomach
toprovideoptimalpHforenzymeaction
Cephalicphase
Gastricphase
Intestinalphase* Scellssecretinbicarbonateions
IcellsCCKpancreaticenzymes
30.6Biliarysecretion:
Bilesaltssecretedbyhepatocytes
Thenstoredandconcentratedingallbladder
GallbladdercontractsandsecretedintoduodenumbyCCKduringmeal