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CARRERA:
MATERIA:
Ing. Econmica 2
AUTORES:
Diego Guevara
DOCENTE:
CURSO:
1562
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
En este sentido, destaca el abatimiento -de ms de una quinta parte- del empleo de
personas sin instruccin y, en cerca de una dcima parte en el de los ocupados con
instruccin primaria que laboran en actividades secundarias. En contraste, aument
el empleo de personas con mayores niveles educativos, no slo en el sector
secundario sino tambin en el terciario de la economa, en el cual, sin embargo,
proliferan todava los empleos con precarios niveles de instruccin. Por ello, cabe
afirmar que el comportamiento del empleo por niveles de instruccin descrito
explica la reduccin del abanico de las remuneraciones reales en los sectores
urbanos del pas, toda vez que en este proceso salieron ganando las
remuneraciones de los empleos de menor instruccin formal, a costa del deterioro
de los ingresos reales que reciben los empleos con mayores estndares educativos,
tambin contrario a lo ocurrido durante los noventa.
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Los canales por los cuales se fundamenta esta hiptesis radican en los efectos
diferenciales que ejercen los patrones de consumo de los hogares pobres versus los
de los hogares no pobres. Los primeros, al consumir una mayor proporcin de
bienes y servicios bsicos, dirigen sus adquisiciones hacia la compra de artculos
ms intensivos en empleo, y con una menor intensidad de capital y de
importaciones, que los que adquieren los hogares no pobres. Para evaluar la
viabilidad de este hiptesis, en el estudio se realizaron algunos ejercicios de
simulacin numrica, con informacin de la ENIGH y mediante la aplicacin de la
matriz de insumo-producto del 2003 recientemente publicada por el INEGI. Esos
ejercicios ponen de manifiesto, sin duda, que la hiptesis propuesta podra tener
suficiente apoyo en la realidad mexicana, y no sera descabellado esperar
eventualmente la presencia de movimientos de causacin cumulativa para los
prximos aos.
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
financiamiento que atiendan las necesidades de los pobres para acrecentar sus
activos productivos que les permita salir de la informalidad. La reduccin de sta no
se lograr solamente con cambios en el marco legal, por ms nfasis que se quiera
poner en ello por parte de las autoridades. Todo lo anterior parecern slo buenos
deseos, a la sombra de la aguda crisis que se nos viene encima, de no ser capaces
de sortearla de manera adecuada, con el menor perjuicio para los mexicanos,
especialmente para los que menos tienen.
The research discussed examines the nature of the relationship between growth,
distribution and poverty, focused on the case of Mexico in the period 1992-2006. Part of
the quantification of the incidence of poverty by Coneval, which applies the preliminary
methodology suggested by the Technical Committee for Measuring Poverty in 2003.
According to these measurements, during the nineties There would not have been a
defined pattern in the medium-term trends, since in the last years of that decade the
national economy had barely managed to reverse the unfavorable trends resulting from
the crisis of 1995-1996. Since 2000, on the contrary, the country has shown very clear
trends towards the reduction of poverty, both in rural and urban areas, and in the three
poverty measures, namely food, skills and Of heritage. These trends are clearly
emphasized in applying the Hodrick-Presscott filter to the statistical series of the
incidence of poverty in Mexico. Due to its magnitude, the abating poverty conditions in
the country, in the first six years of the new century, compare favorably with those
achieved by successful countries in the fight against poverty like Chile and China, and
much more had been our Performance in that direction than in countries like Brazil or
India. As a preliminary step in the analysis the Datt and Ravallion algorithm was
applied to separate the 'growth' and 'distribution' effects in explaining poverty reduction.
From these exercises it emerges that, during the 1990s, the low trend increase in poverty
was due to 'distribution' effects that were adverse to its decline, with no 'growth' effect.
On the contrary, during the six-year period 2000-2006, the abatement of food poverty
was mainly a result of favorable effects on the 'distribution' of income, although the
'growth' effect was also influenced by the process; The latter was proportionally higher
in the cases of poverty of capacities and wealth. Similar trends are observed in rural and
urban areas, with the signaling that the 'distribution' effect was more significant in the
former, and the 'growth' effect in the latter.
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Some peculiarities of the process were then examined. In this sense, a remarkable quasi-
stagnation of the national economy in the last three decades has been detected. In fact,
the economic performance of Mexico between 1992 and 2006 was notoriously lower
than that registered by the countries that have had a favorable reduction of poverty as in
the case of Chile and China. In this case, Mexico is also far behind other countries
whose growth has also been dynamic, such as Korea, India and even Brazil. During the
1990s, Mexico's low economic growth was based on the expansion of exports, a process
considerably undermined by the parallel - and more than proportional - growth in
imports. However, in the last six years the 'engine' represented by the external sector of
the Mexican economy lost a significant part of its dynamism, which explains the also
very precarious growth between 2000 and 2006. The quantification of the 'sources' of
growth puts In spite of the relatively favorable accumulation of capital, there was an
almost null growth in multifactor productivity, as a result of the lack of diffusion of the
technological advances registered in the export sector, and as a result of the notable
inefficiencies in The use of resources in most domestic activities.
Scopus
EXPORTACIN FECHA: 14 May 2,017
Prez-Moreno, S.
Revisiting de crecimiento-pobreza de la relacin: Un Enfoque Plazo
Medio causalidad
(2016) South African Journal of Economics, 84 (4), pp 624-635..
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
84975774440&doi=10.1111%2fsaje.12120&partnerID=40&md5=99fc8f77bce7cc6b
8dbee0db7150ce5f
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
84994005310&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmateco.2016.09.010&partnerID=40&md5=89433
71fbebc817bf768688cccfa0ee8
Geyer, H.
pobreza Trampas en el sur de la agricultura en frica
(2016) Agrekon, 55 (4), pp. 356-376.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
85008262529&doi=10.1080%2f03031853.2016.1243753&partnerID=40&md5=1dff1
9d2cc495f3f4887ba93cd191827
Tejada, MM
medidas de desigualdad de por vida para una economa emergente: El
caso de Chile
(2016) economa del Trabajo, 42, pp 1-15..
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
84975452260&doi=10.1016%2fj.labeco.2016.06.002&partnerID=40&md5=a43bfc
98210c8d51292dcf0ac602e9aa
Oyvat , C.
Estructuras Agrarias, la urbanizacin y la desigualdad
(2016) sobre el desarrollo mundial, 83, pp. 207-230.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
84956646672&doi=10.1016%2fj.worlddev.2016.01.019&partnerID=40&md5=803c
c488c09a2bf8686e70c795799e0f
Terraneo , M.
Un estudio longitudinal de la privacin en los pases europeos
(2016) Revista Internacional de Sociologa y poltica Social, 36 (5-
6), pp. 379-409.
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
84975029624&doi=10.1108%2fIJSSP-05-2015-
0058&partnerID=40&md5=e35619348b68a644c15908589a08b13b
Akobeng, E.
Fuera de la desigualdad y la pobreza: la evidencia de la eficacia de
las remesas en el frica subsahariana
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Ward, PS
transitoria pobreza, dinmica de la pobreza y la vulnerabilidad a la
pobreza: un anlisis emprico el uso de un panel balanceado de china
rural
(2016) sobre el desarrollo mundial, 78, pp 541-553.. Citado 3 veces.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-
84946887501&doi=10.1016%2fj.worlddev.2015.10.022&partnerID=40&md5=09f5
65a46b428de3f7efbb47c91db369
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
Impact of trade liberalisation on labour market and poverty in Sri Lanka. An integrated
macro-micro modelling approach
2016 Elsevier B.V.This paper revisits the long standing controversy of trade
and poverty linkage using a macro-micro modelling approach based on general
equilibrium and microsimulation analytical frameworks. Sri Lanka, the first country in
South Asia which undertook trade reforms more than three decades ago, is taken as a
case in point in this study. The paper analyses the effects of trade liberalisation
on income distribution and poverty in the urban, rural and estate sectors in Sri Lanka
using the first ever microsimulation model built for the country in combination with a
multi-household computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The results reveal that
without any fiscal policy adjustments a 100% tariff cut would lead to an increase in
economic growth and a reduction in poverty incidence both in the short run as well as
in the long run. However, when the tariff cut combined with the fiscal policy adjustments
to maintain the budget neutrality, poverty outcomes showed mixed results. In contrast,
results show that trade liberalisation increases the income inequality in Sri Lanka.
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
2016 Elsevier papel BVThis vuelve a la larga controversia pie del comercio y la
pobreza vinculacin utilizando un enfoque de modelado macro-micro basado en el
equilibrio general y los marcos analticos de microsimulacin. Sri Lanka, el primer pas
de Asia del Sur, que llev a cabo las reformas comerciales hace ms de tres dcadas,
se toma como un ejemplo de ello en este estudio. El artculo analiza los efectos de la
liberalizacin del comercio sobre los ingresos de distribucin y la pobreza en los
sectores urbanos, rurales y races en Sri Lanka utilizando el primer modelo de
microsimulacin que se haya construido para el pas en combinacin con un modelo
multi-hogar de equilibrio general computable (CGE). Los resultados revelan que sin
ningn ajuste de la poltica fiscal una reduccin arancelaria del 100% dara lugar a un
aumento en la economa del crecimiento y la reduccin de la pobreza incidencia
tanto en el corto plazo, as como en el largo plazo. Sin embargo, cuando el corte de
tarifas combinado con los ajustes de poltica fiscal para mantener la neutralidad
presupuestaria, pobreza resultados mostraron resultados mixtos. Por el contrario, los
resultados muestran que la liberalizacin comercial aumenta el ingreso desigualdad
en Sri Lanka.
2016 Elsevier B.V.Economic growth has traditionally been analyzed in the temporal
domain, while the spatial dimension is captured by cross-country income differences.
Data suggest great inequality in income per capita across countries, and a slight but
noticeable increase in inequality across nations between 1960 and 2000. Seeking to
explore the mechanism underlying the temporal evolution of the cross sectional
distribution of economies, we develop a spatial growth model where saving rates are
exogenous. Capital movements across locations are governed by a mechanism under
which capital moves toward locations of relatively higher marginal productivity, with a
velocity determined by the existing stock of capital. This augments the capital
accumulation equation by a nonlinear diffusion term. Our results suggest that under
diminishing returns, the growth process leads to a stable spatially nonhomogeneous
distribution for per capita capital and income in the long run. Insufficient savings may
lead to the emergence of persistent poverty cores where capital stock is depleted in
some locations.
Grupo # 1562
UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA SALESIANA
ahorro son exgenos. Los movimientos de capital a travs de ubicaciones se rigen por
un mecanismo en virtud del cual el capital se mueve hacia ubicaciones de
relativamente mayor productividad marginal, con una velocidad determinada por el
stock existente de capital. Esto aumenta la ecuacin de acumulacin de capital por un
trmino de difusin no lineal. Nuestros resultados sugieren que bajo rendimientos
decrecientes, el crecimiento del proceso conduce a una distribucin no homognea
espacialmente estable para el capital per cpita y los ingresos en el largo
plazo. Ahorros insuficientes pueden conducir a la aparicin de la persistencia de la
pobreza ncleos en capital social se agota en algunas localidades.
Grupo # 1562