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Epidaurus

Epidauria redirects here. For the genus of moth, see tuary was plundered by pirates. In the 2nd century AD
Epidauria (moth). the sanctuary enjoyed a new upsurge under the Romans,
For other places with the same name, see Epidaurus but in AD 395 the Goths raided the sanctuary.
(disambiguation). Even after the introduction of Christianity and the si-
lencing of the oracles, the sanctuary at Epidaurus was
Epidaurus (/pdrs/; Ancient Greek: , still known as late as the mid 5th century, although as
Epidauros) was a small city (polis) in ancient Greece, on a Christian healing center.
the Argolid Peninsula at the Saronic Gulf. Two mod-
ern towns bear the name Epidavros (Modern Greek:
): Palaia Epidavros and Nea Epidavros. Since 2 Theatre
2010 they belong to the new municipality of Epidaurus,
part of the regional unit of Argolis. The seat of the mu-
Main article: Epidaurus Ancient Theatre
nicipality is the town Lygourio.[3]
The prosperity brought by the asclepeion enabled Epi-

1 History

Epidaurus was independent of Argos and not included


in Argolis until the time of the Romans. With its sup-
porting territory, it formed the small territory called
Epidauria. Reputed to be founded by or named for the
Argolid Epidaurus, and to be the birthplace of Apollo's
son Asclepius the healer, Epidaurus was known for its
sanctuary situated about ve miles (8 km) from the town,
as well as its theater, which is once again in use today.
The cult of Asclepius at Epidaurus is attested in the 6th
century BC, when the older hill-top sanctuary of Apollo The theatre
Maleatas was no longer spacious enough.
daurus to construct civic monuments, including the huge
The asclepeion at Epidaurus was the most celebrated heal- theatre that delighted Pausanias for its symmetry and
ing center of the Classical world, the place where ill peo- beauty, used again today for dramatic performances,
ple went in the hope of being cured. To nd out the right the ceremonial hestiatoreion (banqueting hall), and a
cure for their ailments, they spent a night in the enkoime- palaestra. The ancient theatre of Epidaurus was designed
teria, a big sleeping hall. In their dreams, the god himself by Polykleitos the Younger in the 4th century BC. The
would advise them what they had to do to regain their original 34 rows were extended in Roman times by an-
health. Within the sanctuary there was a guest house with other 21 rows. As is usual for Greek theatres (and as
160 guestrooms. There are also mineral springs in the opposed to Roman ones), the view on a lush landscape
vicinity, which may have been used in healing. behind the skn is an integral part of the theatre itself
Asclepius, the most important healer god of antiquity, and is not to be obscured. It seats up to 14,000 people.
brought prosperity to the sanctuary, which in the 4th and The theatre is admired for its exceptional acoustics,
3rd centuries BC embarked on an ambitious building pro- which permit almost perfect intelligibility of unampli-
gram for enlarging and reconstruction of monumental ed spoken words from the proscenium or skn to all
buildings. Fame and prosperity continued throughout the 14,000 spectators, regardless of their seating (see Ref.,
Hellenistic period. After the destruction of Corinth in in Greek). Famously, tour guides have their groups scat-
146 BC Lucius Mummius visited the sanctuary and left tered in the stands and show them how they can easily
two dedications there. In 87 BC the sanctuary was looted hear the sound of a match struck at center-stage. A 2007
by the Roman general Sulla. In 74 BC a Roman garrison study by Nico F. Declercq and Cindy Dekeyser of the
under Marcus Antonius Creticus had been installed in the Georgia Institute of Technology indicates that the aston-
city causing a lack of grain. Still, before 67 BC the sanc- ishing acoustic properties may be the result of the ad-

1
2 7 EXTERNAL LINKS

vanced design: the rows of limestone seats lter out low- [4] Chao, Tom (2007-04-05). Mystery of Greek Amphithe-
frequency sounds, such as the murmur of the crowd, and atres Amazing Sound Finally Solved. LiveScience. Re-
also amplify the high-frequency sounds of the stage.[4] trieved 2007-04-05.

[5] Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior (Greek)

3 Municipality [6] Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and av-
erage elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical
Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on
The municipality Epidavros was formed at the 2011 lo- 2015-09-21.
cal government reform by the merger of the following 2
former municipalities, that became municipal units:[5]
6 Further reading
Asklipieio
Arafat, K. W. 1995. Die Skulpturen des Askle-
Epidavros
piostempels in Epidauros. Classical Review, 45, no.
1, pp. 197198.
The municipality has an area of 340.442 km2 , the mu-
nicipal unit 160.604 km2 .[6] Holland, Leicester B. 1948. Thymele: Recherches
sur la of Archaeology, 85, no. 3, pp. 387400.

Peek, W. 1969. Inschriften aus dem Asklepieion von


4 Gallery Epidauros, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

Peek, W. 1972. Neue Inschriften aus Epidauros,


Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

Vassilantonopoulos S. L., Zakynthinos T.,


Hatziantoniou P. D., Tatlas N.-A., Skarlatos
D., Mourjopoulos J. N., Measurement and Analy-
Stadion sis of Acoustics of Epidaurus Theatre, presented at
the Hellenic Institute of Acoustics 2004 conference
(in Greek), Thessalonica.

Gymnasion 7 External links


Epidaurus UNESCO Listing

Epidaurus photos and info


How the sanctuary was built -the building inscrip-
Odeon tions

Terms (public baths)

5 References
[1] " - 2011.
" (in Greek). Hellenic
Statistical Authority.

[2] http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/491.

[3] "". epidavros.gr. Retrieved 29 November


2015.
3

8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses


8.1 Text
Epidaurus Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidaurus?oldid=777046117 Contributors: Bryan Derksen, RodC, Adam Bishop,
Zoicon5, Morn, Joy, Wetman, Robbot, RedWolf, Lunkwill, DianaK., Folks at 137, J. 'mach' wust, Quadell, Tr606~enwiki, Markussep,
Bobo192, Jguk 2, Pschemp, Storm Rider, 119, Ketiltrout, Rjwilmsi, Tim!, Edbrims, Josiah Rowe, FlaBot, Silarius, YurikBot, Russ-
Bot, Gaius Cornelius, Wimt, Megistias, Ideru, Jpbowen, Energon, Deucalionite, DeadEyeArrow, Ief, John Broughton, GrinBot~enwiki,
Sardanaphalus, SmackBot, FocalPoint, Hmains, Madmedea~enwiki, Cplakidas, Stevenmitchell, Khoikhoi, Bhludzin, Lambiam, Kyle
A. Jenkins, Elliotgoodrich, Hu12, Smenzel, Joey80, Cydebot, Nefasdicere, Extramural, Alaibot, Thijs!bot, Wikid77, Marek69, Fhw,
ThomasPusch, WinBot, Xenophon (bot), Shabicht, Crispus, MER-C, El Greco, VoABot II, Jllm06, Hinest, The Anomebot2, Gun Powder
Ma, Andreas Trepte, Arjun01, Ian.thomson, Aphowe, TheScotch, Cometstyles, Barneca, TXiKiBoT, Hrothberht, Waif8, Thanatos666,
SieBot, Phe-bot, Rudoleska, Quest for Truth, Alethe, Balletcutie010, Lightmouse, Shadygrove2007, Prof saxx, ClueBot, DionysosProteus,
The Drama Llama, Podzemnik, Gtstricky, Phso2, Catalographer, Aitias, , SilvonenBot, Addbot, Leszek Jaczuk, LaaknorBot,
Numbo3-bot, Lightbot, Luckas-bot, Ptbotgourou, AnomieBOT, Tucoxn, Xqbot, RadiX, Omnipaedista, SchnitzelMannGreek, D'ohBot,
MastiBot, Pezanos, Greco22, DixonDBot, Tbhotch, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, ZroBot, Ploync, Tot12, ClueBot NG, Widr, HMSSolent,
Dionysodorus, Hallows AG, Marcocapelle, Hotcatt, Magerius, Odythal, Corinne, Fycafterpro, Glaisher, Abc 123 xyz 456, , KasparBot,
Eurykles, InternetArchiveBot, Sbh22, JJMC89 bot and Anonymous: 96

8.2 Images
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File:2011_Dimos_Epidavrou.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/2011_Dimos_Epidavrou.png Li-
cense: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pitichinaccio
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File:Epidauros-Stadion-1.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Epidauros-Stadion-1.JPG License:
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