Enthalpy cycles

Enthalpy of combustion
Write the molecular formula, Balance the equation and look up Hc from the table.

Methane
Hc =
CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Ethane
Hc =
C2H6(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Cyclopentane
Hc =
+ O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Methanol
Hc =
+ O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Dr A. Johnston, Southampton
 Enthalpy of formation
This is the enthalpy change when compounds are formed from elements (C, O2, N2, H2)

Balance the equations and look up Hf from the table

Hf = Methane
C(s, graphite) + H2(g) CH4(g)

Hf = Pentane
C(s, graphite) + H2(g) C5H12(g)

Hf = Methanol

CH3OH(g)

The units of enthalpy change are KJ mol-1 (Kilojoules per mole)

This means the values of Hf in the table are for 1 mole of compound formed.
What is the enthalpy change in these formation reactions ?

Ethane
Hf =
6C(s, graphite) + 9H2(g) 3C2H6(g)

Ethanol
Hf =
10C(s, graphite) + 15H2(g) + 2 O2(g) 5C2H6O(g)

Cyclohexane
Hf =
12C(s, graphite) + 6H2(g) 4C6H12(g)

Dr A. Johnston, Southampton
 Enthalpy cycles

Hc =
CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Hf =
H1

C(s, graphite) + H2(g) + O2

1. Balance the equations (balance Hc first)

2. Look up Hf and Hc.
3. Calculate The unknown enthalpy H1 = Hf + Hc

Hc =
C2H5OH(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Hf =
H1

1. Write in the elements that make up ethanol

2. Balance the equations (balance Hc first)
3. Look up Hf and Hc.(remember the values given are for 1 mole)
4. Calculate the unknown enthalpy H1 = Hf + Hc

Dr A. Johnston, Southampton
 Hr =
SO2(g) + O2(g) SO3(g)

H1 H2

S(s) + O2(g)
Compound Hf / KJ mol-1

SO2 -297
1. Balance the equations (balance Hr first)
2. Write an equation in terms of Hr SO3 -441
3. Calculate Hr

Hr =
C2H4(g) + HCl (g) C2H5Cl(g)

H3= + 109 KJ
H1 + H2
Compound Hf / KJ
mol-1
C2H4 +52.2
1. Write the elements the compounds are formed from.
2. Balance the equations (balance Hr first) HCl -92.3
3. Write an equation in terms of Hr
4. Calculate Hr
Hr =
CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

H2 + H3
H1
Compound Hf / KJ
mol-1
CaCO3 -1207
1. Write the elements the compounds are formed from. CaO -635
2. Balance the equations (balance Hr first) CO2 -393
3. Write an equation in terms of Hr
4. Calculate Hr Dr A. Johnston, Southampton