Mix Design of High Strength Concrete by Partially Replacement of Cement by Flyash

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Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
Mix Design of High Strength Concrete by

Partially Replacement of Cement by Flyash
T.Divya Sree1,K.Srinivasa Rao2
1
U.G Student,2Asst. Professor,
, Department of Civil Engineering,
Sir C R R College of Engineering, Eluru,India
Abstract: Concrete is the commonly used material FLYASH:

which is mostly used in civil engineering structures. The Fly ash is the ash particle resulting from the
present investigation deals with high strength concrete of combustion of pulverised coal. These ash are collected
M60 by partial replacement of OPC with fly ash in
by using electric precipitators. When compared to the
percentages of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% in various ratios and
also add Masterpel 777 super plasticizer for workability
fly ash, cement have high heat of hydration so some
purpose. After completion of experiment we have to do the thermal cracks are produced by using cement in the
compressive, Flexure and split tensile strength tests during concrete mixture. So the fly ash is replaced by cement
the periods of 7,14 and 28 days. In this design project we to increase the strength of building and prevent the
have designed M60 grade concrete using Department of thermal cracks. The addition of fly ash has effects on
Environment (DOE) mix design method. many properties such as workability hydration,
shrinkage, heat evolution & durability.
Keywords: High strength concrete, Fly ash, super
plasticizer, DOE method.
PROPERTIES OF FLYASH:
1. INTRODUCTION Physical properties of fly ash
Concrete is made by the mixture of cement, fine
aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Strength of PARAMETERS FLYASH
concrete varies depending up on the addition of water
into the mixture of concrete. Using the dry Portland
cement for preparing the concrete then the mixture Bulk Density (gm/cc) 0.9 - 1.3
forms a fluid slurry that can be easily poured and
moulded into shape. The cement reacts chemically specific Gravity 1.6-2.6
with the water and other ingredients to form a hard,
durable stone like material such as lime based Plasticity Lower or non-plasticity
concretes are used like Portland cement concrete.
Concrete is the basic building material which is Shrinkage limit (vol stability) Higher
widely used for many kinds of structures. Now-a-days
number of structures have been designed and
constructed. In this mainly High Strength concrete Grain size Major fine sand / silt and small
(HSC) are used. High strength Concrete provides per cent of clay size particles
economic benefits through thinner construction. If a
concrete having compressive strength of greater than
or equal to 41 MPA then that concrete is called High Clay (percent) Negligible
Strength Concrete (HSC).
Free Swell Index Very low
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MasterPel 777 can be used for any type of
Classification (Texture) Sandy silt to silty loam
construction. Additionally, it can be used in concrete
Water Holding capacity 40-60 applications constantly or intermittently in contact
(WHC) (percent) with water such as sea walls, tunnels, basements,
structural and pre-cast concrete in exposed
Porosity (percent) 30-65 superstructures.
Surface Area (m2/kg) 500-5000 Points to remember when producing waterproof
Lime reactivity (Mpa) 1-8 concrete:
Ensure w/c ratio is in the range of 0.40 to 0.60.
ADVANTAGES: Keep water content as low as possible.
Fly ash is a economical and environmentally Place concrete quickly and compact it well.
friendly solution.
It gives good workability, durability, smooth OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
and soft surface of finishing.
It has highly dense and reduces the
The objectives of study are as follows:
permeability of concrete.
Cost of fly ash is less when compared to the
cement. To study the optimum percentage
It prevent the thermal cracks and gives high composition of fly ash replacing cement
strength of building. which does not affect the concrete strength.
It is also helpful in reducing the heat of To determine the compressive strength,
hydration. flexural strength, split tensile strength of
Shrinkage of fly ash is less & it prevent the concrete replaced with different percentages
acid of fly ash with cement.
Sulphate attacks. To study the durability aspects of concrete.
DISADVANTAGES:
MATERIALS:
It increases the permeability.
The quality of the fly ash is very poor and The various materials used in the concrete mix proportion is
gives the negative impact on concrete and explained as follows.
then it reduces the strength of structures.
CEMENT:
MASTERPEL777 SUPERPLASTICIZER:
MasterPel 777is liquid admixture designed to allow Cement is a binding material used to bind the sand and gravel
superior workability in concrete / mortar mixes with together and it is mainly used for construction purpose.
reduced water and also achieve high resistance to
water ingress. It is based on a specially formulated TESTS ON CEMENT:
polymers and compatible with all types of cement and
The following tests are commonly performed in laboratory to
binders (like fly ash, ground granulated slag, silica
know the properties of materials which are used in the
fume, metakaolin etc.).
concrete. According to their relevant IS codes they had done
Uses: the cement tests of fineness of cement. Normal consistency
of cement, Initial and Final setting time of cement, Specific
gravity of cement, Compressive strength of cement.


TESTS ON AGGREGATE: summarized in Tables below. Each value is the mean of
a three test result. The capacity of compression machine
They are two types of aggregates fine aggregate and coarse
is
aggregate. According to their relevant IS codes they had done
the tests on fineness modulus of fine aggregate, Specific .
Compressive Strength = =
gravity of fine aggregate, Bulk density of sand, Bulking of
sand and fineness modulus of coarse aggregate, Specific
gravity of coarse aggregate, Bulk density of coarse aggregate
TEST RESULT
Fineness of cement 5%
Normal consistency 32%
Initial setting time 51 min
Cement
Final setting time 519 min
Specific gravity 3.12
Compressive 58.14 N/mm2
strength of cement
Fine Fineness modulus 3.18
Aggregate of FA Fig.1: Compression Testing Machine
(FA) Specific gravity of 2.47
FA
Bulk density of 1.580 gm/m3 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH:
sand
Bulking of sand 48ml at 6% A total of 12 standard concrete cylinders of sizes 150
moisture mm diameter and 300 mm height were tested for the
content indirect tensile strength. The test results are shown in
Coarse Fineness modulus 6.98 below Tables. Each value represents the average of
Aggregate of CA three test results. The split tensile strength was
(CA) Specific gravity of 2.63 calculated according to BS1881: Part 4:1970 as
CA follows:
Bulk density of CA 1.32 kg/m3

Split tensile strength (fs) =

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
A total of 36 cube specimens of size 150 mm were

tested for compression test. The test results are

Fig.2:Split Tensile Test

Fig.3:Flexural Testing Machine
Here, W = Maximum Load on Cylinder in KN
L = Length of the Cylinder in mm EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
D = Diameter of the Cylinder in mm
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CUBES:
A=Cross sectional area of cube in mm2
FLEXURAL STRENGTH:
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
70 63.52
A total of 12 beams of size 150 x 150 x 500 mm were
60
tested for flexural strength. In all thetested specimen 50.87 48.73 49.9 49.43
fracture occurred within the central one-third of the 50 45.23
42.2 41.5 41.87
beam, hence according to BS1881: Part 4:1970, flexural 35.86
N/mm2
40
strength (modulus of rupture) was calculated as 28.6 30.29
30
follows:
20

Flexure strength (fb) =
10
Where, W = Maximum Load on Prism in KN
0
L = Effective length of the Prism in mm
b = Width of the prism in mm 0 5 10 15
d = Depth of the Prism in mm
% OF FLY ASH
7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS


SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CYLINDER:
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
2.6 2.53 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF BEAMS:

2.48
2.5
2.35 3.81
FLEXURAL STRENGTH
2.4 2.31 4
N/mm2
3.59
2.3 3.33 3.2
3.5
2.2
N/mm2
3
0 5 10 15
2.5
% OF FLY ASH 0 5 10 15
s
28 DAYS
28 DAYS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CYLINDERS:
34.5
CYLINDER N/mm2
40
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH OF
29.7 DESIGN OF MIX FOR M60 GRADE CONCRETE:

30 25.3 24.6
20 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN:
10
The grade of concrete, used in this study is M60. The mix
0 design is based on strength criteria and durability criteria
0 5 10 15 used for moderate environment. The ratios by weight of
% OF FLY ASH cement, fine aggregate and graded aggregate are obtained
using the Department of Environment (DOE) method is
28 DAYS given below. DOE method presently standard British method
of concrete mix design. These proportions are maintained
strictly same throughout the casting processto obtain a
uniform standard and workable concrete mix. Cubes, Prisms,
and Cylinders, were tested for compressive strength after28
days curing. The compressive, Split tensile and flexure tests
are conducted. Workability tests are also done on the mix.
CONCLUSIONS:


The following conclusions are drawn from the result of the To perform High strength self-compacting concrete
investigation for better workability in congest reinforcement.
To check the various properties of concrete with
1. The compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of all
variation of fly ash content.
concrete specimens increased with age but decreasing
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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017