One-Way Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test: SPSS

Suppose we wish to test the null hypothesis that a professor gives equal
numbers of As, Bs, Cs, Ds, and Fs as final grades in his undergraduate statistics
classes. The observed frequencies are: A: 6, B: 24, C: 50, D: 10, F: 10.
The data are entered into SPSS like this:

Do not enter the values of the categorical variable as alphanumeric data. If you
so, SPSS will refuse to do the analysis. Code the categories numerically and then label
those values like this:

Now tell SPSS to weight the cases by Count. Click Data, Weight Cases, Weight
Cases By Count.

OK.
Click Analyze, Nonparametric Tests, Chi-square. Scoot Grade into the Test
Variable List. By default SPSS will use all categories and will test the hypothesis that
the counts are, in the population, uniformly distributed across categories.

Copyright 2005, Karl L. Wuensch - All rights reserved.

OK.
Grade

Observed N Expected N Residual

F 10 20.0 -10.0
D 10 20.0 -10.0
C 50 20.0 30.0
B 24 20.0 4.0
A 6 20.0 -14.0
Total 100

Test Statistics

Grade
Chi-Square a 65.600
df 4
Asymp. Sig. .000
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than
5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 20.0.

We reject the hypothesis that the counts are uniformly distributed across the
categories, 2(4, N = 100) = 65.60 p < .001.
If you wanted to restrict the range of the categories tested (for example, testing
the hypothesis that Bs, Cs, and Ds are equally likely), you would do so by specifying
the lowest and highest category values to be tested in the Expected Range box.
OK.
Frequencies

Grade
Category Observed N Expected N Residual
1 D 10 28.0 -18.0
2 C 50 28.0 22.0
3 B 24 28.0 -4.0
Total 84

Test Statistics

Grade
Chi-Square a 29.429
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .000
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than
5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 28.0.

Ho the proportion of counts in each category is same

Ha the proportion of counts in each category is different

P value is less than alpha so accept Has