Sanchez 1

Vanessa Sanchez

11-27-16

Anatomy 2nd

Lafferty

Skeletal System Lab Report

In this lab report, we are mainly focusing on the Skeletal System. There are two labs that

have to do with the skeletal system which is the bone matrix and also the bone force variances

lab. Then there is an infographic that goes into detail about osteoporosis and how the medical

condition affects the bones.

Collagen gives bone its strength and resilience, and inorganic salts make it hard and

resistant to crushing. In the bone matrix lab, there were three different types of bones. The first

bone was a cooked bone, the second bone was fresh, and the last bone was soaked in vinegar.

This lab was done to show how collagen and salts change when the bone changes. After bone

one was cooked, all of the collagen was removed and only the salts remained, which left the

bone hardened. Bone two, the fresh bone, was softer than the first bone. Both collagen and salts

were still present in the bone unlike the first one. Now bone three, that was soaked in vinegar,

was the complete opposite of bone one. The bone was the softest of the three, and was also very

squishy. Collagen was the only thing left in the bone, the inorganic salts were completely

dissolved because of the vinegar.

The second lab had to do with the bones forces and pressures. There were about 3 trial

runs in this lab where you have to run on the force plate with and without wedges. Also you have

to trace your bare foot and your foot with the shoe on, to count the squares and know the area of
 Sanchez 2

the foot. We then did trial runs to find out when the heel and toe hit the force plates to find the

force and pressure of feet when we run, walk, or jump.

This infographic will explain Osteoporosis, how it happens and also prevention and

treatment. Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, too

little bone, or both. It is most common in people that are around the ages of 50 and above. Some

of the symptoms are back pain, height loss, immobility, and distorted body image. Alcohol and

smoking mainly affects and increases the chance of osteoporosis. Alcohol raises PTH levels

taking calcium from bone, killing osteoblasts (osteoblasts help form the bone) and increasing the

work of osteoclasts, and also alcohol decreases bone formation. Smoking cigarettes reduces the

amount of calcium that bones absorb- lowering bone mass and estrogen levels. When it comes to

your bones, calcium is needed to make your bones stronger! Without calcium, there is a higher

chance that your bones are easier to get damaged. You could prevent and protect your bones just

by increasing your calcium intake, taking vitamin D, and also be on a healthy diet. If you already

have Osteoporosis, some treatments/medications are Risedronate and also Alendronate.

 Sanchez 3

Figure 1- This is a picture of the bone in 400x. It shows where the matrix and the osteocyte is

located.

Collagen Salts

Cooked Hard collagen is removed Salts are left after bone is

after cooked cooked

Fresh Softer Soft

Collagen is present Salts are present

Vinegar Soaked Softest, squishy Squishy

Collagen is only left Inorganic salts dissolved with
vinegar
Table 1- This table shows all the bones and whether there is or is not collagen and salts present.

Force of the heel Pressure of toes Force of heels Pressure of toes

on barefoot barefoot with wedges in with wedges
newtons

Trail 1 545 Newtons 1.9 Pascals 648 Newtons 2.9 Pascals

Trail 2 674 Newtons 1.1 Pascals 732 Newtons 3.3 Pascals

Average of trails 576 Newtons 1.6 Pascals 621 Newtons 3.4 Pascals

Area cm squared

Table 2- This table has the measurements in Newtons/Pascals to show the force and pressure of

the foot, with and without the wedges.

Figure 2- This bar graph shows the

 Sanchez 4

Figure 3- This graph shows at what time and also the force of when the heel and toes hit the

force plate.

Figure 4- This infographic talks about osteoporosis, how it happens, and prevention/treatments

for the medical disease.

 Sanchez 5

APA Citations:

What is Osteoporosis and What Causes It?

Alcoholism and Increased Osteoporosis Risk

Calcium and bones