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Pre-Lab Questions and Answers:

1. Classify the matter in this universe using the knowledge you have so far.
- Atoms, electromagnetic radiation and gravity are the main classifiers of matter

that make-up our universe.

2. How are the atoms of substances held together?
- Atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds.
3. Which part of the atom is responsible for bonding?
- The part thats responsible for bonding is the electrons of the outer shell.
4. What are two other characteristics of atoms that contribute to bonding?
- The two other characteristics of atoms that contribute to bonding are the protons

and the electrons.

Post-Lab Questions and Answers:

1. Which substances were soluble? Insoluble?

- The substances that were soluble are C12H22O11, NaCl, KCl, NaNO3, and C6H10O5.
2. Make a list of those substances that conduct electricity but do not dissolve in water. What

do they have in common?

- The substances that conduct with electricity but do not dissolve in water are Cu

and Al. The substances that conducted electricity when dry had in common were

that the substances are all metals and they had not conducted electricity when

dissolved.
3. Make a list of those substances that conduct electricity once they are dissolved in water.

What do they have in common?

- The substances that conduct with electricity but do not dissolve in water are

C12H22O11, NaNO3, C6H10O5, and BaCl2. The substances that conducted

electricity when dissolved all had in common was when they were dry they did

not conduct electricity.

4. What do the substances that do not conduct electricity (either as solids or when dissolved)

have in common?
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- The substances that do not conduct electricity have in common are that they are

pure substance.
5. Place the substance in order from lowest to highest melting point. Is there a correlation

with the types of atoms that make up the substances?

- The placement of substances from lowest to highest melting point are Cu, Al,

BaCl2 , NaCl, KCl, NaNO3, C6H10O5 and C12H22O11. No, there is no correlation

with the types of atoms that make up the substances.

6. Name the substances that had a crystalline structure under the microscope (looked like

crystals).
- The substances that had a crystalline structure under the microscope C12H22O11,

BaCl, NaNO3, C6H12O5 and KCl.

7. How many different types of bonds do you think were present in the substances you

tested in this lab?

- Covalent, Ionic and Metallic Bonds were present in the substances that were

tested in the lab.

A) List the substances you think have similar bond types.
- Ionic Bonds are NaCl, KCl, NaNO3 and Cu. Metallic Bonds are BaCl2 and Al.

Covalent Bonds are C12H22O11, C6H12O6, and C6H10O5.Because they all have

similar properties such as melting point, conduct electricity, mass, density,..etc.

B) What types of bonds (ionic, covalent or metallic) do you think they are?
- Ionic Bonds are NaCl, KCl, NaNO3 and Cu. Metallic Bonds are BaCl2 and Al.

Covalent Bonds are C12H22O11, C6H12O6, and C6H10O5.

Conclusion:

The physical characteristics of substances that are held together by ionic, covalent

and metallic bonds are the different properties of each specific one. Ionic bonds have

smooth crystalline solids (made of ions), high melting point or boiling point (fast),

conduct electricity when dissolved, and many soluble in water, but dry. Covalent

bonds are gases, liquids, or solids (made up of molecules), low melting point or
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boiling point (slow), poor electrical conductors(either dissolved or dry), and rarely

soluble dry, but never when dissolved. Metallic bonds conduct electricity (both when

dry and dissolved), generally high melting point or boiling point (slow), and are

soluble when dry.