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Las partculas que constituyen un slido estn unidas entre s por fuerzas
muy intensas, de manera que resulta muy difcil separarlas; por ello los
slidos tienen una forma bien definida.
Las partculas que constituyen un cuerpo slido estn tan prximas entre s
que por mucha fuerza que hagamos no las podemos acercar ms; los slidos
son difciles de comprimir, no cambian de volumen.
Los lquidos no tienen forma propia, sino que adoptan la forma del recipiente
que los contiene.
Las partculas que constituyen los lquidos estn ms alejadas entre s que en
los slidos, pero esta distancia no se puede hacer menor; por ello el volumen
de un lquido no cambia, es decir, los lquidos tienen volumen constante.
Las partculas que forman los gases estn unidas por fuerzas muy dbiles.
Debido a ello, los gases carecen de forma y volumen propios, adoptan la
forma y tienden a ocupar todo el volumen del recipiente que los contiene.
Vibracin, Vibracin,
Se encuentra muy rotacin y rotacin y
Movimiento de la restringido. Vibran traslacin. Pueden traslacin. El de
partculas en posiciones fijas moverse en todo traslacin es tan
momento, grande que las
resbalan unas partculas estn
sobre otras sin como libres, Es
gran dificultad. catico y al aza
Ms lento que en
los gases.
Forma Definida No tiene forma No tiene forma
definida. definida.
Cambios de estado
Experiencia 1: La evaporacin
Materiales:
- Agua.
- Cazo.
- Otro recipiente.
Procedimiento y observaciones:
minutos
Qu se necesita?
A trabajar
4.-capilaridad
MATERIAL
PROCEDIMIENTO
Esto es cierto pero otro factor que tambin influye en estos cambios y
que
Informe en ingles
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES
In nature, matter appears to us in three different physical states: solid, liquid and gas.
Although some substances, like water, can exist in three states, it is normal that, in its
natural state, each substance appears in one of them.
For example, iron is found in the solid state (as part of various minerals) to pass it to the
liquid state must melt at very high temperatures (in the furnace), and the sun to millions of
degrees Celsius, is in gaseous state.
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
The particles comprising a solid are interconnected by very large forces, so it is very
difficult to separate; therefore solids have a well-defined shape.
The particles that make up a solid body are so close together that very strongly that we
cannot do the closer; solids are difficult to compress, no volume change.
Some properties of solids are due precisely to the shape and the strength with which its
particles are attached. These properties are:
The hardness or scratch the body difficulty. For example, diamond is much harder than a
piece of plaster.
The fragility or a strong tendency to deform without breaking. For example, glass or clay
are fragile.
The ductility, or facility that provides a solid wires extend at. For example, they are made of
copper wires inside the light cables.
Malleability, or which has a capability to extend in solid sheet form. For example, gold and
aluminum are very malleable metals.
The elasticity, or the tendency of a solid to recover its original shape after being subjected
to a force. For example, a rubber band or a spring are very elastic.
The flexibility, or a solid to easily bend without breaking. For example, we can bend a
wicker wand or a sheet of paper without breaking.
The strength, or ability of a solid to support weights without breaking. For example, the
houses are made with steel beams or concrete, which support the weight of walls and
ceilings.
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
Liquids do not have their own way, but take the shape of their container.
The particles that make up liquids are more far apart than in solids, but this distance can
not be made smaller; thus the volume of liquid does not change, that is, liquids have
constant volume.
Other fluid properties as viscosity and volatility. We say that when a liquid is viscous flows
very slowly, like honey or oil, which are more viscous than water.
We say that a liquid is volatile when it evaporates easily. The smell of gasoline at a gas
station indicates that this is a volatile liquid.
PROPERTIES OF GASES
The particles of the gas are joined together by weak forces. Because of this, the gases
themselves lack form and volume, in the form and tend to occupy the entire volume of the
container which contains them.
If by inflating a balloon, not stopped blowing, come a time when the pressure is so great
that it burst, expanding the air inside.
If a finger cover our mouth and pressed the syringe plunger, it will move there because the
air inside is compressed, whereas if you have water, we find it impossible to move the
plunger, because liquids do not compress.
The gases can then compress and expand (not liquid and solid). Compressing or cooling a
gas, it can move to the liquid state, as with liquefied gas cylinders containing butane
The elements and components may change from one state of matter to another without
changing its chemical structure. For example, the element oxygen (O2) can exist as a gas
or liquid, depending on the arrangement of its molecules. The compound H2O is another
common example; exists as a solid (ice), liquid (water) and gas (vapor), but always
maintains a compressed chemical structure of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
State Changes
Experience 1: Evaporation
materials:
- Water.
- Bucket.
- Another container.
We put water in a saucepan, and the same amount of water put into a
minutes
A work
On a plate place a glass of water (and thermometer) and bring to a boil. Observe
vaporization at all temperatures up to the boiling point. Top with a glass of ice bohemia.
Observe condensation and melting ice. Measuring the temperature of boiling water and ice
water contact. Collecting the condensed water in the container in a cold test tube
3 -. Melting Chocolate
Heat water and put into containers of melanin. In glass containers add grated chocolate and
dip them in hot water. Melt the chocolate and place it in molds in the fridge
4.-capillary
MATERIAL
PROCEDURE
. Heat the ice and have liquid water, and freeze solid again.
This is true but another factor also influences these changes and
We forget most is the pressure. In this lab we will see how to exert strong
Pressure on this ice becomes liquid again and how its solid state
This will put an ice cube on a slightly raised surface. We will attach the wire ends two
pencils. Will push the wire onto the ice cube (as if we split it into two).