Cell Type Labs + Markers
ACUTE LEUKEMIAS -TdT, CD34; >20% blasts
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Acute Promylocytic Leukemia
Mutation Presentation + Clinical Features Treatment/ Other
-Fever (from infection), bleeding, fatigue; HSM, painless LAD, + bone pain with mets
Lymphoid - B-ALL: CD10, CD19, B-ALL: translocations -Mostly in children -B-ALL has excellent
Stem CD20, CD45- t(12;21), t(9;22) -Assoc. w/ Downs (after age 5) response to chemo;
Cells - T-ALL: CD2-8 -B-ALL mets to CNS and requires prophylactic
B-cell: PAX5 testes tx to scrotum + CSF
TdT+, MPO- T-Cell: NOTCH1 -T-ALL usually presents in
teenagers with a thymic mass Good prognosis with
>20% blasts in marrow with Hyperdiploidy: >50 Hyperdiploidy and
punched out nucleoli chromosomes/cell t(12:21)
-thrombocytopenia, anemia,
hypercellular BM, / WBCs
Histo:
Hypercellular
Packed with
lymphoblasts
SCANT basophilic
cytoplasm +
LARGE nuclei
Lymphoblasts vs.
Myeloblasts
More condensed
chromatin, less
conspicuous nuclei,
and smaller amounts
of cytoplasm
lacking granules
Myeloid -Acute promyelocytic -Older adults (50-60) APL: ATRA (all-trans-
Stem TdT-, MPO+ leukemia (APL) = -Acute monocytic: infiltration of retinoic acid, a Vit A
Cells t(15;17) RAR gums deriv) maturation
-Auer Rods (crystal disruption, increased risk -Acute megaloblastic: assoc. w/ and death of blasts
aggregates of MPO) of DIC Downs (before age 5); MPO (-)
->20% blasts
-thrombocytopenia, anemia,
hypercellular BM, / WBCs
Myeloid t(15:17) Disruption of All-trans-retinoic-acid
Stem retinoic acid receptor (ATRA)
Cells Promylocytes contain many Blocks Myeloid Vitamin A
auer rods which are differentiation
condensed azurophilic
granules. When these