DIVINE KNOWLEDGE:

BUDDHIST MATHEMATICS ACCORDING TO ANTOINE MOSTAERTS

MANUAL OF MONGOLIAN ASTROLOGY AND DIVINATION

Brian Gregory Baumann

Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School

in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree
Doctor of Philosophy
in the Department of Central Eurasian Studies,
Indiana University
October 2005
 UMI Number: 3200372

Copyright 2005 by
Baumann, Brian Gregory

All rights reserved.

UMI Microform 3200372

Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against
unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.

ProQuest Information and Learning Company

300 North Zeeb Road
P.O. Box 1346
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346
 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

______________________________
Gyrgy Kara, Ph.D.

______________________________
Christopher P. Atwood, Ph.D.
Doctoral
Committee

______________________________
Christopher Beckwith, Ph.D.

______________________________
Elliot Sperling, Ph.D.

______________________________
October 5, Stephen Bokenkamp, Ph.D.
2005

ii
 2005
Brian Gregory Baumann
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

iii
in memory of Jacob and Frances Geritz

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This dissertation has been in the making in various incarnations for some eight years

over which time I have seen our daughter, Laura, grow into a kind and lovely girl and the

birth of our son, David, who delights us with his sweet and joyful heart, and so for all the

precious times that have come along the way, it is a pleasure now to be able to acknowledge

some of the people who have helped me realize the fruition of my work here. First of all I

would like to thank my teachers and in particular the members of my committee, Christopher

Atwood, Christopher Beckwith, Stephen Bokenkamp, Gyrgy Kara, and Elliot Sperling, for

their assistance.

Special gratitude goes to Professors Atwood and Kara, with whom I had the majority

of my classes here at IU and who gave so much of their time and energy to help me. It was

Professor Atwood who proposed that I take on this work. He made a preliminary reading of

the text with me in a private summer session and suffered the numerous drafts of the

introduction. His comments helped greatly in refining my explication and analysis of the

text. It was Professor Kara, my advisor, who, having helped me with every draft to improve

the transcription, translation, and introduction, ploughed through this unruly dissertation in

its entirety, including the word and subject indices and glossary. His vast knowledge made

this dissertation possible, and his wisdom, good humor, and great kindness inspired me to

see it through. These two exceptional teachers are uncommonly dedicated to their work,

their students, and the greater good, and I am fortunate to know them.

v
 I would also like to thank Michael Beard at the University of North Dakota for his

correspondence concerning the first principles of mathematics; Michael Walter for reading

an early draft of the introduction and offering valuable comments; Ron Sela for his advice

and assistance; and John Krueger for his help in locating the original manuscript and

donating a copy of Mostaerts facsimile, the Manual of Mongolian Astrology and Divination,

for my use.

Thanks are due as well to April Younger, who has cheerfully helped me with the

administrative steps along the way; Susie Drost, who has looked after me in ways too

numerous to mention; Ruth Meserve, who offered her advice and assistance the first day I

came to Goodbody Hall and has continued to help me ever since; and Jennifer Liu, who

encouraged me.

Finally, I thank the members of my family for their support and faith in me over the

years, especially my parents in North Dakota, my brothers, the families of my aunt Joanne,

my uncle Gordon, my cousin Suzanne, and my mother and father-in-law in Inner Mongolia.

Most of all I thank Tana, whose self-sacrifice, fortitude, and love sustained us through the

hardships brought on by my too unworldly ways.

vi
 PREFACE

This dissertation has seven main parts: 1) an introduction 2) bibliographical

references 3) transcription; 4) translation; 5) glossary; 6) subject index; and 7) a word index.

The bibliographical references, being most in need of use with the introduction, follow that

section to save readers from having to travel all the way to the end. In the translation, to

reduce some of the repetition between the various sections of the dissertation and to facilitate

reading for those already familiar with Mongolian Buddhist texts, relatively few footnotes

are given. Rather, when it comes to noteworthy terms, the Mongolian form is given in

parentheses and may be looked up in the glossary which follows. For its own part the

glossary in most cases gives only a brief description of terms, which often are more

thoroughly discussed in the introduction. It is in the glossary, however, and not the

introduction where emphasis is placed on listing equivalents in Sanskrit, Tibetan, Chinese

and other languages. While much of the bulk of the dissertation comes from the

reorganization of the glossary terms according to subject and though many of these subjects

are discussed in some detail in the introduction, the subject index is justified by a number of

important lists (in particular the omen protases) and overall gives a unique perspective on the

text and its genre. The word index, modeled after those of L. Ligeti (a la Monuments

prclassiques), organizes the basic Mongolian word forms alphabetically according to their

morphology. Occasionally in so doing the alphabetical order between a basic word form and

the derivation of another is disrupted. Also, included as a derivation of the basic word forms

is the attributive -tu/-t form which could just as well have been listed separately.

vii
 Transcription of Mongolian is according to the philological system of Antoine

Mostaert as found in the Index des mots du mongol crit et du mongol ancien to his

Dictionnaire ordos. As a supplement to this system, an underline is used to indicate various

divergences from classical Mongolian orthography. In these cases the written form in the

text is transliterated as is. Transcription of Tibetan is generally in accordance with Wylies

system (1959), though in some instances follows that of the source from which it was taken.

Sanskrit forms follow the source from which they were taken and due to the authors

unfamiliarity with the language, should not be relied upon for citation. Chinese terms are

given in pinyin with Wade-Giles transcription frequently included for ease of reference.

viii
 ABSTRACT

Brian Gregory Baumann

DIVINE KNOWLEDGE:
BUDDHIST MATHEMATICS ACCORDING TO ANTOINE MOSTAERTS
MANUAL OF MONGOLIAN ASTROLOGY AND DIVINATION

In 1969 Antoine Mostaert published, together with a detailed introduction, the

facsimile of a manuscript from Ordos, Inner Mongolia. For the richness of its language and

the fullness of its content, this manuscript is one of the best specimens of its genre known

to date. The genre, described inclusively by Mostaert as astrology and divination for the

Mongolian term to(-a mathematics, is anomalous, obsolete for modern English speakers,

yet one of the most pervasive among the collections of Mongolian writing, and a sticking

point for Western scholars, many of whom, as Cicero in De Divinatione, wonder at its reason

for being. Hence, the aim of this dissertation is to elaborate on Mostaerts earlier study by

offering a transcription and translation of the text, a critical introduction that sheds light on

the function of this kind of literature in Mongolian Buddhist culture, and a glossary and word

and subject indices.

The thesis of the introduction argues that in order to understand the genres reason

for being, one must understand its empirical basis in nature. This empirical basis is found

in the problem of time, common to calendar makers everywhere. Two interpretations exist

for the remainders to calendrical computations: one, the means for measuring are not suitably

ix
refined, implying an optimistic assumption in a logical universe; two, computation fails

because nature itself lacks uniformity, implying a nihilistic assumption in a chaotic universe.

History shows that Greek astrology, guided by faith in absolute time, set off on a

deterministic course culminating in the Enlightenment. History shows too that Buddhist

dharma is based on the opposing point of view, that the distinction between instant and

duration is the one true thing in nature. These two antagonistic (not arbitrary) perceptions

influence the rhetoric of science and our understanding of the primary aspects of traditional

mathematics, healing, ritual, magic, and so on.

________________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

x
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................................v

Preface .................................................................................................................................vii

Abstract ..............................................................................................................................viii

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................xi

List of Tables ......................................................................................................................xii

Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................xv

I. Introduction ....................................................................................................................1

Overview ...............................................................................................................................1

Influences ............................................................................................................................43

Theory .................................................................................................................................62

Practice ...............................................................................................................................115

II. Bibliographical References ........................................................................................320

III. Transcription .............................................................................................................361

IV. Translation .................................................................................................................542

V. Glossary .......................................................................................................................681

VI. Subject Vocabulary ..................................................................................................1028

VII. Word Index ..............................................................................................................1473

xi
 LIST OF TABLES

I.1 Topic Headings ...............................................................................................................11

I.2 Tables of the Manual ......................................................................................................23

I.3 References/Sources ........................................................................................................27

IV.1 The Elements/Maqabud ..............................................................................................124

IV.2 The Five Colors ..........................................................................................................125

IV.3 The Eight Trigrams .....................................................................................................126

IV.4 A Survey of Twelve Omens ........................................................................................130

IV.5 Magical Treatments/Formulae ....................................................................................147

IV.6 The Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination/itn Barildaqui ................................159

IV.7 Symbols of the Times of Various Spirits ....................................................................160

IV.8 Star Spirits ..................................................................................................................174

IV.9 Patterns of the Spirits of the Times and Places ...........................................................186

IV.9a Patterns of the Spirits of the Calendar Months (8r-19r) ...............................186

IV.9a.1 Their Positions According to the Eight Directions ........................187

IV.9a.2 The Positions of itgen Eke According to the Twelve Animal

Zodiac .........................................................................................................187

IV.9a.3 The Days of the Spirits According to the Twelve Animals ...........187

IV.9b Where the Do(in Baling Dwell ..................................................................188

IV.9c The Empty Moon ..........................................................................................188

IV.9d Table of the Heavens for the Day To Set Out on a Journey During Any

Month.......................................................................................................................189

xii
 IV.9e Fortunate Way For A Bride To Set Off On Her Journey ..............................191

IV.9f Way of Affliction For A Bride To Set Off On Her Journey ..........................191

IV.9g Yellow Dust ..................................................................................................192

IV.9h Red Dust .......................................................................................................193

IV.10 The Horoscope ..........................................................................................................195

IV.11 The Wandering Stars ................................................................................................200

IV.12 The Twenty-eight Nakshatra: Linguistic Forms and Junction Star ..........................204

IV.13 The Twenty-Eight Nakshatra: Epithet, Figure, Direction, Element, Number of

Stars....................................................................................................................................207

IV.14 Other Nakshatra classifications ................................................................................213

IV.15 Correspondences of the Asterism Systems: the Manual, Indian, Uygur, Chinese and

Other Mongolian Sources ...................................................................................................219

IV.16 Table of Nakshatra Figures in Manual, Indian and Chinese Sources .......................223

IV.17 The Twenty-eight Nakshatra ....................................................................................225

IV.18 The Four Sky Animals ..............................................................................................256

IV.19 The Twelve Signs of the Zodiac ...............................................................................257

IV.20 The Twelve Animals .................................................................................................262

IV.21 The Eight Directions .................................................................................................263

IV.22 The Ten Heavenly Stems ..........................................................................................268

IV.23 Dual Combinations of the Ten Heavenly Stems .......................................................269

IV.24 Sexagenary Cycle ......................................................................................................269

IV.25 Hours of Light and Darkness ....................................................................................272

xiii
IV.26 The Seven Day Week ...............................................................................................276

IV.27 The Seven, Eight and Nine Day Weeks ....................................................................277

IV.28 The Twelve Lords/Arban Qoyar Een ......................................................................279

IV.29 The Large and Small Months ....................................................................................280

IV.30 The Months ...............................................................................................................282

IV.31 The Ancient Mongolian Months ...............................................................................286

IV.32 The Twelve Hours ....................................................................................................296

IV.33 The Three Kalpa .......................................................................................................297

IV.34 Time Reckoning Systems .........................................................................................298

IV.34a System A .....................................................................................................298

IV.34b System B .....................................................................................................299

IV.34c System C .....................................................................................................301

IV.35 The Four Seasons ......................................................................................................306

IV.36 The Signs of the Seasons ..........................................................................................306

IV.37 The Kinds of Bride ...................................................................................................317

xiv
 ABBREVIATIONS

AA. Acta Asiatic: Bulletin of the Institute of Eastern Culture.

AOH. Acta Orientalia, Budapest, Magyar Tudomanyos Akadmia.

AM. Asia Major.

AR. Asiatic Researches.

AUD. Ana(aqu uqa(an-u drben nds [the four bases of medical knowledge],

[Kkeqota]: br Mong(ol-un Arad-un Keblel-n Qoriy-a, 1978.

BSOAS. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.

BTD. Srkzi, Alice, A Buddhist terminological dictionary: the Mongolian

Mahvyutpatti, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 1995.

CAJ. Central Asiatic Journal.

Das. Das, Sarat Chandra, Tibetan-English Dictionary with Sanskrit Synonyms,

Alipore: West Bengal Government Press, 1960. (Reprint)

DBT. Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, Tokyo: Nichiren Shoshu

International Center, 1983.

DO. Mostaert, Antoine, Dictionnaire ordos, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.,

1968.

EB. Encyclopedia Britannica.

ET II. Sa(ang Secen, Erdeni-yin Tobci (Precious Summary) II. Word-Index to the

Urga Text, prepared by I. de Rachewiltz and J. R. Krueger, Canberra:

Australian National University, 1991.

HJAS. Harvard Journal of Asian Studies.

xv
IM. Information Mongolia, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1990.

JA. Journal Asiatique.

JAOS. Journal of the American Oriental Society.

Jschke Jschke, H. A., A Tibetan-English Dictionary, London: Routledge & Paul,

1949 [reprint].

JRAS. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.

JSYS. Journal of Sung Yuan Studies.

KOT. Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra, eds., Klacakra-tantra and other texts,

New Delhi, 1966.

Lessing Lessing, F., ed., Mongolian-English Dictionary, Bloomington: The Mongolia

Society, 1982.

MAT. Altangerel, D., Orchin tsagiin Mongol-Angli toli, Ulaanbaatar, 1998.

Mathews Mathews, R. H., Mathews Chinese-English Dictionary, revised, American

ed., Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.

MCB. Melanges Chinois et Bouddhiques.

MMAD. Mostaert, Antoine, Manual of Mongolian Astrology and Divination,

Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1969.

Mong. Mongolian

MS. Monumenta Serica: Journal of Oriental Studies of the Catholic University

of Peking.

MSD. Raghu Vira, Mongolian-Sanskrit dictionary, New Delhi, 1959 reprint.

xvi
MW. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press,

1899/1960.

ODT. de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, R., Oracles and demons of Tibet, Gratz, 1975.

Pentaglot Tamura Jitsuzo, et al., transl., Wu ti ching wen chien, Kyoto, 1966.

S. Sanskrit

SE I. Bawden, C. R., "The Supernatural Element in Sickness and Death According

to Mongol Tradition" Part I, Asia Major VIII, pp. 215-257.

SE II. Bawden, C. R., "The Supernatural Element in Sickness and Death According

to Mongol Tradition" Part II, Asia Major IX, pp. 153-178.

Soothill. Soothill, W. E. and Lewis Hodous, A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist terms:

With Sanskrit and English equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index, Richmond:

Curzon Press, 1995.

TEDP. Gyurme Dorje, comm. and transl., Tibetan elemental divination paintings

illuminated manuscripts from The White Beryl of Sangs-rgyas rGya-mtsho

[the Vaidrya dkar-po] with the Moonbeams treatise of Lo-chen Dharmar,

London, 2001.

Tib. Tibetan

TP. Toung Pao.

TPS. Tucci, Giuseppe, Tibetan Painted Scrolls, 2 vols., Kyoto: Rinsen Book Co.,

Ltd., 1980/1949.

TU. eden, et. al., analyst, Tngri-yin Udq-a, <Kkeqota>, br Mong(ol-un

Sinjilek Uqa(an Teknik Mergejil-n Keblel-n Qoriy-a, 1990.

xvii
Uy. Uygur

ZAS. Zentralasiatischestudieren.

ZDMG. Zeitschrift der Deutsche Morgenlandische Gesellschaft.

xviii
 INTRODUCTION

I. Overview

The manuscript presented herein was once owned by a Tang(ud Mongol named

Sangwar, who, while working as a petty official, practiced divination for the local people of

Boro Balgasun, a village located in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, the high plateau region of sparse

grasslands, sand dunes and salt flats lying within the bend of the Yellow River, bordered to

the south by the remnants of the Great Wall.1 After his death, said to have been some time

during the First World War, his son, around 1918 or 1919, offered to sell the manuscript to

Rev. Antoine Mostaert, who paid a sum of seven silver taels and included it among others

in his large collection.2 Mostaert, Superior of the Belgian Scheut mission on the outskirts

of Boro Balgasun, had come to Inner Mongolia from Belgium in 1906 and would stay until

1925. Upon completion of his term, he relocated in Beijing, where he wrote and published

a number of outstanding works for the field of Mongolian studies. Among these are Folklore

ordos and, in 1941, his excellent reference of Mongolian language, the Dictionnaire ordos.3

1
Sangwar was a Mongol of the Tang(ud clan. For more on the ethnography of the
region, cf. Mostaert, "Matriaux ethnogaphique relatifs aux Mongols Ordos" and for
reference to the Tang(ud clan, cf. Ordosica, Les noms de clan chez les Mongols Ordos, p.
45.
2
Rev. Mostaert's Mongolian manuscripts eventually found their way into numerous
collections; however, one catalogue given specifically to the manuscripts collected by the
Scheut priests, most of them collected by Mostaert, himself, is W. Heissig's "The Mongol
Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Belgian Scheut Mission CAJ 3 (1957): 161-189.
3
For a bibliography of Mostaert's early works see Monumenta Serica 1945.

1
INTRODUCTION

With the Communist takeover imminent, Mostaert left Beijing in November, 1948, arriving

in the United States in February, 1949. He moved to "Missionhurst" in Arlington, VA,

where among his works he published articles explicating passages of Mong(ol-un Ni'ua

Toba'an (The Secret History of the Mongols) and the Mongolian letters found in the Vatican

library.4 In 1969, some fifty years after receiving it, he published a facsimile of Sangwars

manuscript together with an extensive introduction as Manual of Mongolian Astrology and

Divination, Part Four in the Scripta Mongolica Series of the Harvard-Yenching Institute.

The original manuscript is in Rome, in the archives of the headquarters of the CICM

(Scheut).5 As Mostaert describes in his very thorough and excellent introduction to the text,

the manuscript is anonymous, with neither title nor colophon. The paper is thick and solid.

Its dimensions are 45.5 x 17 cm. There are 61 folios. The general period of the text is the

19th century. This, Mostaert points out, is indicated clearly by its paleography. Specifically,

the use of the Manchu dot, or tongki was characteristic of the time (MMAD 1-2). The text

is written in two distinct hands, the second, less elegant hand, beginning on folio 55 recto

with the discussion of the descent of the black dog of heaven (tngri-yin qara noqai).

Orthography

4
For brief descriptions of Mostaert's career cf. R. Rupen, "Antoine Mostaert, CICM
and Comparative Mongolian Folklore," CAJ 1 (1955): 2-8 and N. Poppe, "Antoine Mostaert,
CICM" CAJ 15 (1971): 164-169.
5
This information comes to me from Igor de Rachewiltz by way of a note on my
behalf from John Krueger.

2
INTRODUCTION

The orthography is close to classical Mongolian but with some peculiarities. There

is the use of the Manchu dot or tongki, as mentioned. In the manual the tongki is often used

to designate the front-vowel quality of a word. This is especially true in cases when aleph,

e, follows shin, s, as in sedkil, segl, ksel, etc. It is also occasionally used to distinguish

voiced consonants, such as d and g, from unvoiced consonants, t and k, phonemes not

differentiated in classical Mongolian orthography. The use of the Manchu tongki to mark

voiced g from unvoiced k is found specifically, though sporadically, in the rendering of

foreign words, such as gi, Chinese zhi/chih to uphold, protect, the 6th of the Twelve lords

of the day (arban qoyar een). In this it functions merely as a transcription symbol.

Other transcription symbols include a modified beth, the downward bending yod, to

mark either the labial-dental spirant v in Sanskrit words such as vajra (Mong. vair) or the

bilabial spirant w in Chinese words such as taiwang/tai-wang (Mong. dayiwang). Ayushi

Gushis galig k, a bow with a slanted pin, is used to mark a foreign unaspirated velar stop g,

as in gara( (S. graha planet); the straight pin version of galik k is found in only one

instance, i.e., to transcribe Tibetan phyag btsol lab (Mong. kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab])

to prostrate oneself. The tsaddi modified with an off shooting down-turned stroke marks

various foreign affricates, as in the lunar mansion, Jayitari (S. Citr), the trigram jen (Ch.

zhen/chen), and jii, the Tibetan letter zi. The tsaddi modified with an upward stroke, is used

in one instance, to render Tibetan z in gzangdang (Tib. gza bdun) planet. Finally, to mark

an aspirated labial plosive p, as in Chinese ping, the bow of the Mongolian character b is

indented.

3
INTRODUCTION

In front vowel words in which the vowel of the first syllable is written only with a

single aleph, e, a rounded vowel in the second syllable is marked with a superfluous yod

following vaw, as in the word emn-e south. To mark an initial y another Manchu

innovation, the upturned yod, is used. The benefit of this symbol is lost occasionally,

however, in that in initial consonants it is used indiscriminately with . For example, il,

year is often written as yile (2v, passim). This Manchu innovation is not found in

Mongolian orthography prior to the 19th century and in the case of this term its use is not

justified by the spoken language. Also in the way of ambiguity, word final -ng consonants

are often compressed to the point where the grapheme denoting -n- is indiscernible;

diphthongs -ayi- and -eyi- as in sayin and teyin, are written with the middle yod, known as

silbi shin, reduced to the shorter aleph grapheme known as sidn tooth in Mongolian,

and -yu and -u suffixes are basically identical; context often indicates which form is which,

though in some cases the reading seems arbitrary.

As for the writing of grammatical forms, case endings are treated in a variety of ways.

Sometimes they are written separately from the stem, as is common in classical Mongolian

orthography, other times they are joined. The genitive -yin form following vowels is

occasionally substituted with -u/, e.g. buliyan qula(ai-u [=yin] iles (deeds of robbery and

stealing) and qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu (the quill feather of a raven). Also the genitive

is often omitted before post-positions, e.g. dalai deger-e [=dalay-yin deger-e] on the

ocean. As for the accusative case -yi and -i endings are often confused, the -yi ending

sometimes following a word-final consonant, as in iles-yi written for iles-i the deeds or

4
INTRODUCTION

the -i ending following a word-final vowel, as in bey-e-i written for bey-e-yi the body.

Sometimes the accusative is used instead of the genitive, as in the example, dayisun-i

[=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu (if one inscribes the name of the enemy). Also, it is clear,

especially from the formulaic and repetitive lists of omens in the text, that usages of the

accusative form marking a definite object of a transitive verb and the indefinite zero form are

often arbitrary: for example, the phrase, one will find a superior [re-] birth, is given both

as deged trl-<y>i oluyu (29r) and deged trl oluyu (30r); in the omen conditions

found in the text, the phrase if one makes an offering to Buddha is written either as burqan

takibasu or burqan-i takibasu, and so on. Four forms of the dative locative are found: 1. -

dur/dr, -tur/tr; 2. du/d, tu/t; 3. -da/de, -ta/te and 4. -a/e. Of these, -dur/dr and -du/d

are used almost exclusively over -tur/tr, tu/t forms even following the consonants (, b, s,

d, g, and r, which normally take -tur/tr, -tu/t, e.g., iles-dr for iles-tr; this is common

for attributive forms as well, e.g., ir(ulang-du instead of ir(ulang-tu. An exception to this

is in cases when the dative suffix starts a new line; here -tur/tr is used even following

vowels or the consonants n, ng, l, and m. In the ablative case, pre-classical -a/e is

occasionally used instead of -aa/ee, in which cases it is joined to the preceding word, e.g.,

(aara. The comitative forms -lu(-a/lge are almost always given as -lu(-a regardless of

vowel harmony, e.g., tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge], edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge], etc. Sometimes

the colloquial word formation suffix -tai/tei is found, e.g., ala( noqai-tai . . . kmn (a

person with a spotted dog).

5
INTRODUCTION

Use of the standard classical Mongolian diacritics is inconsistent. In some instances

the double dots to the left side of the ligature marking an unaspirated velar stop, (, as in (al,

fire are given; sometimes not. Similarly, the double dots to the right of the ligature

marking an alveo-palatal spirant, , are used irregularly, not only in marking before vowels

other than i, standard practice for distinguishing from s, but before i as well, though here

it is superfluous.

Variable spellings are numerous. This is to be expected in the renderings of foreign

terms, frequent in astrological descriptions, especially from Sanskrit and Chinese, and from

Tibetan as well (see Foreign Transcriptions in the Subject Vocabulary). For instance, the

6th heavenly stem of the Chinese calendar matrix, Chinese ji/chi, is given in the text variously

as i, yii, gi, and gii. However, Mongolian words are often written in variable ways as well.

These variations are worth noting as they frequently illuminate specific aspects of Mongolian

language: first, words are sometimes altered to clarify ambiguities of the Mongolian script,

e.g., quda the heads of two families related by marriage is sometimes written quda, with

a single lamed, d, but also as qudda to distinguish it from qota, city, fortress, citadel;

second, variable written forms tend to stem from changes in Mongolian language over time

away from the archaic pronunciation reflected in classical Mongolian orthography. Included

in these are dialectal variations, both locally and historically going back to the eastern and

western dialects of Middle Mongolian. In this regard, variable spellings reflect: 1. the rise

of long vowels and diphthongs in Mongolian language, e.g., the classical form u(u- to

drink, pronounced simply as uu, is written variously in forms that mix classical orthography

6
INTRODUCTION

and modern pronunciation, u(uu-/uu(u-; a(aa(ai/aa(ai, classical a(aa(ai magpie

and gegreglegi/geyireglgi the one that impoverishes are further examples of this

trend; 2. assimilation, e.g., keregl and keregr, quarrel, dispute. 3. i and e alteration,

especially in proximity to the consonants b, r, l and the affricates and ; for example

eeg/iig flower, erig/ereg/ireg/irig soldier, beig/biig writing, beligt/biligtu

wisely, debil/debel robe, tle-/tli- to burn, uira-/uara- to meet, occasion, in-

e/ini new, me/mi limb [a unit of time], quria/qurai/quraa- to ardently desire

and so on. 4. alternation of a/e and o//u/, e.g.: qalan/qalun blaze on the forehead (esp.

of horses), ol(a-/ol(o- to meet, mordo-/morda- to mount a horse, to(ain/to(oin

mathematician, teglder/tegldr full, perfect.

Also, a few words are written following Ordos pronunciation. For example, the term

qadquldubasu upon doing battle, is given in the text as (adquldubasu. Similarly there is

(alqala- for qalqala- to shield, and (okimui for qokimai, withering. These reflect the

change of strong consonants at the beginning of words to weak consonants under the

influence of strong or voiceless consonants at the beginning of the following syllable.6

Another example of Ordos pronunciation is okin for kin, daughter, virgin, maiden.

Pre-classical and archaic elements are common in a number of forms: 1. terms and

concepts, e.g., ma(ui for ma(u bad; beri bo(tala- to put the bo(to cap on a bride, i.e. to

marry her off; to become engaged, an obsolete marriage custom; 2. grammatical forms: a)

6
Cf. Mostaerts description of the Ordos dialect in Anthropos and N. Poppe,
Introduction to Mongolian Comparative Studies, pp. 20-21.

7
INTRODUCTION

dative-locative -a/e, common throughout the text, found rather frequently in classical

Mongolian texts but more so in pre-classical Mongolian, and -da/de/-ta/te, e.g., bgdede

sayin (38r); b) ablative -a/e, e.g., qola (aara oid irek (visitors will come from a far

away land [57r]); c) the abundance of plural forms; d) the plural form, -d, of the noun of

perfect suffix -(san, a more bookish than especially preclassical form, is found in the passage

do(olang eremdeg a(sad (aar the place where the lame and cripple stay (24r); e) the

present tense marker -m is found in the phrase darasun idegen uaram one will happen to

find wine and food (50r); f) -(daqui/gdeki, a mild imperative, e.g., edr qono(

tasura(san-i uqa(daqui one should understand extracalation (3v), and 3. transcription of

Chinese terms reflects a Middle Chinese pronunciation borrowed into Mongolian from both

Uygur and Tibetan sources. An example of this is found in the preservation of Chinese final

-m in the terms im for Chinese ren, the 9th heavenly stem, attested in Uygur (see Table

IV.22) and kam, Chinese kan/kan, one of the eight trigrams, attested in Tibetan (see Table

IV.3). This preservation of Chinese final -m coupled with the loss of other Chinese final

consonants -p, -t, and -k (compare Uygur forms of the ten heavenly stems, Table IV.22)

indicates late Middle Chinese from around the time of the Mongol Empire (Pulleyblank

1971: 138).

Contents

8
INTRODUCTION

Given that a Part Four is explicit in the text, the manuscript appears to be

composed in five segments. This likely follows a numerological prescription as sources such

as the Klacakra are also so divided (KOT 18). First of these is an epistemology. It begins

with an invocation to Majur, the patron of astrologers and all that pertains to knowledge.

In his iconography Majur holds a book in one hand and a sword in the other (Waddell

1978: 12, passim). Subjects mentioned include the relationship of the genre to the tradition

at large, Buddhism, key sources in the transmission of the teaching, and various methods for

reckoning time. In providing the theoretical foundation upon which the remainder of the text

is based, this section is qualitatively different from the rest of the text. In Mongolian the

dichotomy between theory and practice falls under the rubric of ar(-a bilig, skillful means

and wisdom (S. upya-praja), the two qualities possessed by the Buddha and symbolized

by the sword and book in the iconography of Majur. These complementary forces are also

known as yin and yang, the male and female principals of the Chinese. Though individually

static, through their union lies accomplishment.

The second part is a calendar. It gives both a written description of the quality of

each month together with a matrix of 30 days. Days are given by a) a number, b) an

indication of the horoscope (ascendant, full, weak, or declining), c) a nakshatra (M.

na(idar, one of the 28 Indian asterisms) d) a term from the Buddhist Twelve Stages of

Dependent Origination, e) a direction, and f) a drawn symbol; g) sometimes the unknown

term yilig appears as well. This section begins with a table that gives the months and hours

in sixty unit cycles over five years and five days respectively according to the Uygur tradition

9
INTRODUCTION

used during the Mongol Empire. It ends with a key to the meaning of the various drawn

symbols. For example, the image of the indamani or wish-fulfilling jewel indicates a day

in which one finds good fortune. The image of a razor (M. tong(ori() indicates the day the

fierce deity, Mahkla, descends. This section is 12 folios.

The third part concerns the celestial influences. It begins with a table that lists each

of the twenty-eight Hindu nakshatra asterisms or lunar mansions, its element among the four

elements, earth, air, fire or water, its planet, sun, moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, or

Saturn, and then the element of each of these seven planets (M. (ara(; S. graha).7 The

reason for these correspondences of stars and planets with their respective elements is to

forecast the good and bad auspices of their coincidences. This table is then followed by

individual descriptions of each of the seven planets and then a similar description of each of

the twenty-eight Hindu nakshatra or asterisms. In these descriptions each planet and star is

associated with one of the five elements: wood, earth, fire, water and metal, showing an

abrupt juxtaposition of two different astrological systems, the former of Indian, the latter of

Chinese origin. The quality of each influence is given together with various good or bad

auspices. It is ten folios.

Part Four concerns the day. There are two cycles of twelve days. One is of the

famous twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac. The other is a more obscure cycle known as

the Twelve Lords (M. arban qoyar ein). Various auspices are given for each day. For

7
For the Mongolian term, see Lessing, 387 under gra(; for the Sanskrit, see MW,
372.

10
INTRODUCTION

example, "On the Day of the dragon, if one preaches the dharma, it is good." The section

begins with an interesting astrological sub-genre attributed to Indian astrology, a tale or

dialogue between a ruler and the goddess Vima, daughter of heaven. In their dialogue the

ruler interrogates the goddess about the order of the universe, and the goddess answers. This

section altogether is six folios.

The fifth part is a long section is of approximately one-hundred eight topics. These

concern good or bad occasions for various activities and the times when certain supernatural

influences descend. This section is 24 folios. The topic headings are as follows:

I.1 Topic Headings

# BASA NIGEN EKET ITEMS

1. basa nigen eket qota bal(asun A good day to build a citadel
bariqu sayin edr kemebes 37r
2. sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin A good day to build a monastery or home
edr kemebes 37r

3. sm-e keyid ba nom burqan A good day to bless a monastery,

itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin
edr kemebes 37v
4. basa sm-e keyid ba subur(-a
burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui
rabnas keyiki sayin edr
kemebes 37v
5. na(idar-un sayin inu 37v
6. basa gara( odun-u sayin inu 38r
scripture, or Buddha image
Also, as for a good day to bless a temple
or monastery, stupa, burqan or scripture,
or to make a consecration [for these
things]
As for a good nakshatra
Also as for a good planet

11
INTRODUCTION
7. basa nigen eket saran-lu(-a edr
qamtudu(san-iyar naiman
ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an inu 38r
8. basa nigen eket Mahauvari tngri
kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman
ayima(-ud<-ud> terigten-iyer
kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u
nasun to(olan tengse i(ulqui-
dur inu 38r
9. basa nigen eket naiman ayima(-
un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui
inu 39r
10. basa nigen eket sara-lu(-a edr
qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un
i(ulqu edr kemebes 39r
11. luus-un qad-un qariqui edr anu
39v
12. basa nigen eket saran-lu(-a edr
qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un
idei ereki-yin arudasun baling
do(in inu 39v
13. basa sarayin qo(osun anu 40r
14. basa nigen eket baling do(in
qami(-a sa(uqu 41r
15. basa nigen eket il kiged sar-a
edr a(-un qara-yi il(au
biisgei 41r
16. basa nigen ekit arban qoyar
sarayin qara inu 41r
17. ede qara saras-un drben terign
sarayin terign-i qara drben
dumdadu sarayin niru(u-[y]i qara.
drben es sarayin segl-i qara
bui 41r
12
Another item, as for the congregation of
the eight classes according to the
conjunction of day and month
Another item, concerning Mahevara and
Amitbha's convention with the heads of
the eight classes reckoning and probing
the lives of all living beings
Another item, concerning the return of
the eight classes
Another item, as for a day when the
dragon kings will convene according to
the conjunction of day and month
As for the day the dragon kings return
Another item, as for the servant, baling
do(in, seeking food for the planets by
the conjunction of day and month
Also, As for the empty month
Where baling do(in dwells
Another item, let me write to distinguish
the black times of a year, month, or day
Another item, as for the black times of
the twelve months
Of these black months, the head of the
four first months is black; the back of the
four middle months is black; and the tail
of the four final months is black
INTRODUCTION
18. basa nigen ekit ken edr
kemebes 41v
19. basa nigen eket yeke qara edr
kemebes 41v
20. basa nigen eket geyireglgi
qara edr kemebes 41v
21. basa a(-un qara inu 42r
22. basa nigen eket qara ingpng-n
yabudal kemebes 42r
23. basa nigen eket a( kiged
(ayila(daqu iles anu qara
ingpng giki anu 42r
24. basa nigen eket ginggang
kemebes 42v
25. basa nigen eket tngri ilmus
(adqulduqui edr kemebes 43r
26. basa nigen eket ebdegi qara
qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein
giki edr kemebes 43v
27. basa nigen eket (uyirini-yin (ar
qo(osun qariqu edr kemebes
43v
28. basa nigen eket gara(-ud-un
do(in idei eriki inu 43v
29. basa nigen eket. (aar-un ein
noqai idei eriki edr kemebes
44r
30. basa nigen eket. edr-lu(-a
[=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-
iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi
biisgei 44r
Another item, as for a small day
Another item, as for a great black day
Anther item, as for an impoverishing
black day
Also As for the black hours
Another item, as for the affairs of the
black ingpng
Another item, concerning the hours and
deeds to be avoided pertaining to the
running of the black ingpng
Another item, as for the ginggang (Tib.
kingkang)
Another item, as for the day the gods and
demons battle
Another item, as for a day when the lords
of the earth who wield an annihilating
black sickle run
Another item, as for a day on which a
mendicant returns empty-handed
Another item, as for [a day when] the
fearsome ones of the planets look for
food
Another item, as for a day when the dog
of the lord of the earth looks for food
Another item, let me write the good and
bad [auspices] for the occasions brought
forth by the union of days and stars
13
INTRODUCTION
31 basa nigen eket. edr-lu(-a
[=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar
tleky-yin uaral boluyu 44v
32. basa nigen eket. odun na(idar
qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an
raiyal uiral bolai 44v
33. basa nigen eket odun na(idar
qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an li
qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui
44v
34. basa nigen eket. odun na(idar
qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u
uaral bolumui 45r
35. basa nigen eket odun na(idar
qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-
iyar bolumui 45r
36. basa nigen eket. odun na(idar
qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un
dolo(an edr bolumui 45r
37. basa nigen eket im[n]us-un
ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu 45r
38. basa nigen eket. odun na(idar
qamtuddu(san-iyar drben
maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral
a(-un krdn- yosu(ar
okiyasu(ai 45r-45v
39. basa nigen eket odun il
qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u
uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r
40. basa nigen eket na(idar-lu(-a
arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin
ma(u il(al-i ek anu 46v
41. Maqagala ba(uqu edr anu 46v
14
Another item, there will be occasions for
burning according to the conjunction of
days [and stars]
Another item, there will be an occasion
for the seven ambrosia according to the
conjunction of the stars and nakshatra
Another item, there will be an occasion
for the seven blessings according to the
conjunction of the stars and nakshatra
Another item, there will be a bad
occasion to die according the conjunction
of these stars and nakshatra
Another item, there will be an occasion
for burning according to the conjunction
of these stars and nakshatra
Another item, there will be seven days of
demons according to the conjunction of
these stars and nakshatra
Another item, as for the seven days in
which to conquer imnus demons
Another item, let the good and bad
occasions of the four elements, according
to the conjunction of stars and nakshatra,
be in keeping with the custom of the
Klacakra
Another item, let me write to distinguish
the good and bad coincidences according
to the conjunction of star and year
Another item, as for understanding the
good and bad distinctions [resulting
from] the conjunction of the nakshatra
with the twelve years
As for the day Mahkla descends
INTRODUCTION
42. Okin tngri ba(uqu edr kemebes
46v
43. basa nigen eket arban qoyar
sarayin o(tu edr kemebes 47r
44. basa nigen eket arban qoyar
sarayin Yang Gung-ii kemek
ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr-
<y>i ek anu 47r
45. basa nigen eket aliba sarayin l
sedk edr kemebes 47v
46. basa nigen eket arban qoyar
sarayin modun gokimoi kemebes
48r
47. basa ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u
edr inu 48r
48. basa nigen eket il sar-a
qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un
sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei [. .
.] tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr bui
48r
49. basa [. . .] idkd (ai(udaqu edr
48r-48v
50. basa mr (arqu edrn sayin
kemebes 48v
51. basa drben terign sarayin Morin
Takiy-a edr ma(u. drben dumda
sarayin Baras Mo(ai edr ma(u.
drben es sarayin Qulu(an-a
ker edr ma(u. Mo(ai edr yer
ma(u (urban krdn-dr
egdeki 48v
52. basa ireg mordaqu edr
kemebes 48v
15
As for a day the Goddess (Lhamo)
descends
Another item, as for the glorious days of
the twelve months
Another item, as for knowing the bad day
which was told of by the sages [such as]
Yang Gungyi
Another item, as for the day of any
particular month on which one should
not make plans
Another item, as for the withering day of
the twelve months
Also, as for the bad day known as the
Red Magpie
Another item, let me write in order to
distinguish the good and bad
coincidences according to the
conjunction of the year and month
Also, [. . .] these days are days for idkd
demons to grieve
Also, as for a good day to set out on a
journey
Also, the Horse and Ram days of the four
initial months are bad. The Tiger and
Snake days of the four middle months
are bad. And the Rat and Ox days of the
four final months are bad. The Snake
day is generally bad. One should consult
the three tables
Also, as for a day to mount a military
campaign
INTRODUCTION
53. basa dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui
edr-n sayin inu 48v
54. ger-n qo(osun anu 48v
55. 1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin
11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13
jindamuni. 4 sarayin 11 jindamuni
5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6
sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin
7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27
jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni.
10 sarayin 2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin
17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban
tabun jindamuni 50r
56. qara sarayin asal anu 50v
57. ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun
kemebes 51r
58. nigen eket ber'i ba(ul(aqui g
kemebes 52r
59. beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes
dayiwang tayiqu itgen eke. lii
klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i
keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r
60. basa beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin
bo(tolaqu sayin edr kemebes
53r
a) yeke sarayin
b) ken sarayin
c) iyerk qara edr ginggang
ingpng giki edr ma(u 53r
Also, as for a good day to do battle with
an enemy
As for the empty domicile
The 13th of the 1st month is a cintmani.
The 11th of the 2nd month is a
cintmani. The 13th of the 3rd month is
a cintmani. The 11th of the 4th month
is a cintmani. The 3rd of the 5th month
is a cintmani. The 1st of the 6th month
is a cintmani. The 7th of the 7th month
is a cintmani. The 27th of the 8th
month is a cintmani. The 22nd of the
9th month is a cintmani. The 2nd of the
10th month is a cintmani. The 17th of
the 11th month is a cintmani. The
fifteenth of the 12th month is a cintmani
As for a treatment during a black month
As for a good star to bring a bride into
one's household
Another item, as for the direction in
which the bride should be made to
descend
As for a bride's four imnus demons, it is
necessary to try to consult these, the
Empress Dayiwang, Reliance Mother,
the trigram Li, and the dog of heaven
Also, as for a good day to bring a bride
into one's household or marry off a
daughter
For a large month
For a small month
The malevolent black days, and the days
the ginggang and ingpng run are bad
16
INTRODUCTION
61. basa em-e abqu er-e kmn-
nasun egdeki 53r
62. basa klil-d ma(u. dayiwang
tayiqu qangpan qongpan itgen-
eke abu kiged-n g buu yabu.
tngri-yin noqai-yin aman-du buu
g. kbegn-e mi l gki.
okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr
inu 53r-53v
63. basa in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba
gerte l oro(ulqu edr kemebes
53v
64. beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun
ba(uqu g kemebes 53v
65. beri (al-du mrgglk a(
kemebes 53v
66. okin-u mr (arqu edr kemebes
54r
67. beri mr (arqu g kemebes 54r
Also, in order to take a wife, the age of
the husband should be known
Also, as for the bad day which is bad for
trigrams, when one should not go in the
direction of the Empress Dayiwang,
Queen Qangpan, the Reliance Mother,
Shabshu, nor give anything in the
direction of the mouth of the dog of
heaven, when one should not give an
inheritance to a son, nor a dowry to a
daughter
Also, as for a day when a concubine
should not be cared for nor allowed into
ones home,
As for the direction the bride should face
when she dismounts [her horse]
As for the hour to have a bride to
prostrate herself before the fire
As for a day for a girl to set out on a
journey
As for a direction in which a bride
should set out on her journey
17
INTRODUCTION
68. lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu
(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri
bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin ilt beri-
dr lemi ma(u. kun-dur
uira(san beri bgde sayin buyan
keig bari(san beri bui sayin. dan-
dur ucira(san beri kmn- yasun
bari(san beri bui dumda sayin.
gen-dr uira(san beri niru(un-
ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui
bgded ma(u. kam-dur
uira(san beri (ar-ta(an odu(
bari(san bui bgde-d sayin. gin-
dr uira(san beri oroi-ta(an
Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri
bugde-d toli bui jen-dr
uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci
beri bui yeke sayin. sn-dr
uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel
bari(san bui. tegn (artur nigen
irbegel bari(ulu ger tergen
ari(ulbasu sayin. asal asan
okiqu l okiqu ibegel gki
abqui gara( odun il saran edr
a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg
bolai 54r-54v
69. er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek
anu 54v
If one takes a bride who comes under the
li trigram, she is a bride who holds a
sickle in her hand. It is bad. It is
especially bad for the bride with a Snake
or Horse year. The bride who comes
under kun is a bride who holds
everything good and fortunate. She is
good. The bride who comes under dui is
a bride who holds a human skeleton. She
is moderately good. The bride who
comes under gen is a bride who carries a
sack on her back. She is bad for
everything. The bride who comes under
kan is one who holds the hearth (odu()
in her hands. She is good for everything.
The bride who comes under qian is a
bride who holds a Chinese sickle on her
forehead. She is a mirror to all things.
The one who comes under zhen is a bride
who pulls the leg with a hook. She is
very good. The bride who comes under
sun is one who holds a braid casing in
her hand. If one has her clean the house
and cart holding a braid casing in her
hand, it is good. One needs to try to
understand the planet, star, year, month,
day and hour in which the making of a
treatment suits or does not suit, in which
protection is given or received.
As for knowing the protection under
which a husband and wife are united
18
INTRODUCTION
70. qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e
bolbasu kbegn olan bolqu sayin.
qoyar ker ilt uru( uqa( bayan
sayin. qoyar baras ilt uru( cgen
bayan sayin. qoyar taulai ilt
kbegn olan bayan sayin. qoyar
luu ilt uru( gen geg bui. For two Hare years sons will be many
qoyar mo(ai ilt kbegn olan
bayan sayin. qoyar morin ilt
kbegn olan bayan sayin qoyar
qonin ilt uru( olan bayan sayin.
qoyar bein ilt kbegn olan
bayan sayin. qoyar takiy-a ilt
kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad
keregri ma(u. qoyar noqai ilt
kbegn gen keregri ma(u.
qoyar (aqai ilt kbegn olan
bayan sayin bui 54v
If two people with Rat years become
husband and wife, sons will be many. It
is good. For two Ox years, relatives by
marriage will be scarce and rich. It is
good. For two Tiger years relatives by
marriage will be few and rich. It is good.
and rich. It is good. For two Dragon
years relatives by marriage will be few
and poor. For two Snake years sons will
be many and rich. It is good. For two
Horse years sons will be many and rich.
It is good. For two Ram years relatives
by marriage will be numerous and rich.
It is good. For two Monkey years sons
will be numerous and rich. It is good.
For two Cock years sons and relatives by
marriage will be scarce and moreover
they will be quarrelsome. It is bad. For
two Dog years sons will be few and they
will be quarrelsome. it is bad. For two
Pig years sons will be many and rich. It
is good
19
INTRODUCTION
71. basa qulu(an-a ilt okin-i taulai
iltd buu g. ker ilt okin-i luu
ilt-d buu g. baras ilt okin-i
mo(ai ilt-d buu g. taulai ilt
okin-i morin ilt-d buu g. luu
ilt okin-i qonin ilt-d buu g.
mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d
buu g. morin ilt okin-i takiy-a
ilt-d buu g. qonin ilt okin-i
noqai ilt-d buu g. bein ilt
okin-i (aqai ilt-d buu g. takiy-
a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d
buu g. noqai ilt-yi kert buu
g. (aqai ilt-yi baras iltd buu
g 54v
72. basa nigen eket tngri (aar-un on
sara edr a( me. odun gara(
ede bgde-yin ein inu tngri-yin
qara noqai ba(umu. ya(un-u tula
kemebes 55r
73. il-n tayisui kemebes 55v
74. basa tariyan tariqu sayin edr
kemebes 55v
75. basa debel qubasun eskeki
edrn sayin 55v
76. basa debel eskeki inu 55v
77. basa nigen-e eket debel emsk
sayin edr kemebes 56r
78. basa em neyileglki sayin edr
kemebes 56r
Also, do not give a daughter with a Rat
year to one with a Hare year. Do not
give a daughter with an Ox year to one
with a Dragon year. Do not give a
daughter with a Tiger year to one with a
Snake year. Do not give a daughter with
a Hare year to one with a Horse year. Do
not give a daughter with a Dragon year to
one with a Ram year. Do not give a
daughter with a Snake year to one with a
Monkey year. Do not give a daughter
with a Horse year to one with a Cock
year. Do not give a daughter with a Ram
year to one with a Dog year. Do not give
a daughter with a Monkey year to one
with a Pig year. Do not give a daughter
with a Cock year to one with a Rat year.
Do not give someone with a Dog year to
one with an Ox year. Do not give
someone with a Pig year to one with a
Tiger year.
Another item, as for why the black dog
of heaven, who is the heaven and earthly
master of the years, months, days, hours,
quarter-hours, stars, and planets, will
descend
As for the year [star], Tayisui
Also, as for a good day to plant a crop
Also, as for a good day to tailor a robe or
clothing
Also, as for tailoring a robe
Another item, as for a good day to wear a
robe
Also, as for a good day to mix medicine
20
INTRODUCTION

79. Taulai Takiy-a edr em gk-dr The Hare and Cock days are good for
sayin. Mo(ai ma(u. Mul odun ba giving medicine. The Snake is bad. The
drben-e ma(u 56r Mla star or the fourth is bad
80. basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba Also, as for a good day to teach writing
oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn and mathematics or to allow one to
sayin anu. 56v become a lama
81. basa abaig abqu edrn sayin. Also, as for the distinction of good and
ma(u il(al kemebes 56v bad days to receive a consecration
82. obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr em On the day the God of Suffering roams
l u(uuqu 56v about
83. basa aliba sarayin noqai-dur Also, a prohibition was preached against
ebedin emleky-[y]i igerlegln treating an illness on the Dog day of any
nomlauqui 56v month
84. Qulu(an-a edr 57r Rat day
85. ker edr 57r Ox day
86. Baras edr 57r Tiger day
87. Taulai edr 57r Hare day
88. Luu edr 57v Dragon day
89. Mo(ai edr 57v Snake day
90. Morin edr 57v Horse day
91. Qonin edr 57v Ram day
92. Bein edr 58r Monkey day
93. Takiy-a edr 58r Cock day
94. Noqai edr 58r Dog day
95. 'aqai edr 58r Pig day

21
INTRODUCTION
96. basa (aar-un ba(atud-un tere g
ereg ba negdel buu od. okin
beri buu g. buu ab. mr ba yasun
buu (ar(-a. aliba iles egn-ee
ayila(daqu bolai. Qulu(an-a
ker 'aqai (urban iln (aar-un
ba(atud umar-a. Baras Taulai Luu
(urban il-n (aar-un ba(atud
doron-a. Mo(ai Morin Qonin il
emn-e. Bein Takiy-a Noqai il
rn-e bui 58v
97. basa qo(osun qumq-a anu 58v
98. basa (aar-un snes anu. 58v
99. basa biyoo kemebes 58v
100. basa ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu
edr anu 59v
101. basa yeke (arul(-a-u [=(arul(-a-
yin edr] anu 59v
102. tabun qalqala(i ede kemebes
60r
103. basa iln qo(osun anu. 60r
104. nigen sarayin Morin edr ara
quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5
Mo(ai. 6 ker. 7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai.
9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker
60r
105 nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an
quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4
Takiy-a. 5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7
Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10
Takiy-a 11 Baras 12 Qulu(an-a
60r)
22
Also, as a soldier or nomad, do not go in
the direction of the Heroes of the Earth.
Do not give away or receive a daughter
or bride. Do not set out on a journey nor
take out bones. Any kind of act should
be avoided in these [directions]. During
the Rat, Ox, and Pig years the Heroes of
the Earth are in the north. During the
Tiger, Hare, and Dragon years the Heroes
of the Earth are in the east. During the
Snake, Horse, and Ram years they are in
the south. During the Monkey, Cock,
and Dog years they are in the west
Also, as for the Empty pitcher
Also, as for the Spirit of the Earth
Also, as for biao
Also, as for the days when possessions
run out and fortune diminishes
Also, as for a day of great loss
As for the five talismans
Also, as for the empty year
On the Horse day of the first month,
there will be yellow dust; 2nd, Snake;
3rd, Ox; 4th, Horse; 5th, Snake; 6th, Ox;
7th, Horse; 8th, Snake; 9th, Ox; 10th,
Horse; 11th, Snake; 12th, Ox.
On the Cock day of the first month there
will be red dust; 2nd, Tiger; 3rd, Rat;
4th, Cock; 5th, Tiger; 6th, Rat; 7th,
Cock; 8th, Tiger; 9th, Rat; 10th, Cock;
11th, Tiger; 12th, Rat
INTRODUCTION

106. basa nigen eket suuli [=sauli] Another item, as for the day for the
sauqu es( [=esg]ula(-un opening of the sprinkling aspersions of
negegemel edr anu. 60v mare's milk ceremony
107. basa nigen il odun erdem-<y>i Another item, when one counts the
to(olabasu 60v virtues of the asterisms
108. qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i As for classifying the twenty-eight
il(abasu 60v nakshatra
a) li qutu( oroi(san naiman there are eight nakshatra in which good
na(idar bui 60v fortune resides
b) naiman ber-n odun kemebes As for personal nakshatra
60v
c) drben r-e tasura(san odun As for the four nakshatra which cut off
kemebes 61r descendants
d) drben tan odun kemebes 61r As for the four tan nakshatra (indicating
significance for those of rank, to whom
tan is used as an honorific)
e) drben belbesn odun kemebes As for the four widow nakshatra
61r
f) qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i tabun As for classifying the twenty-eight
maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r nakshatra by means of the elements
g) na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar As for classifying the nakshatra by
il(abasu 61r means of their ancestry

Also, throughout the manual tables are given. These are listed here as follows:

I.2 Tables of the Manual

# KRDN TABLE

23
INTRODUCTION
1. arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek
krdn ene bui 7v
2. qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a
dolo(an gara( odun-i
tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin
ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui
21r
3. baling do(in qami(-a 40r-40v
4. drben terign sarayin mr (arqu
krdn ene bui 49r
5. drben dumdadu sarayin mr
(arqu krdn ene bui 49r
6. drben es sarayin mr (arqu
krdn ene bui 49r
7. aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i
tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v
8. Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san
aliba sarayin mr(arqu edr-n
sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn bui
49v
9. tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-
<y>i ene krdn-dr egdeki the Five D{kins Are Seen in This Table
49v
10. arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu
g-nsayin ma(u-yi ek krdn Directions For Setting Out on a Journey
ene bui 50r
11. arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu
g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r Setting Out On a Journey During the
12. arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin
ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 50v
Table to Know the Forms of the Twelve
Months
Here is the Table in which, by conjunction
of the twenty-eight lunar mansions with
the seven planet stars, the good and bad
auspices of their meeting will be seen
Where the baling do(in dwells
This is the Table For Setting Out on a
Journey During the First Four Months
This is the Table for Setting Out on a
Journey During the Four Middle Months
This is the Table for Setting Out on a
Journey During the Four Final Months
See This Table of the Heavens for the Day
To Set Out on a Journey During Any
Month
This is the Table For Knowing the Good
and Bad Auspices Of the Days to Set Out
on a Journey During Any Month As it was
Preached by the Master, Nagarjuna
The Days For Setting Out on a Journey of
This is the Table to See the Good and Bad
During the Twelve Days
The Table to See the Good Directions For
Twelve Hours
Table to See the Good and Bad Auspices
of the Twelve Days and Hours
24
INTRODUCTION
13. dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu
g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek
krdn 50v
14. nigen il okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-
yi ek krdn bui egni sayitur
tokiyaldu(ulu medegdeki 51r
15. yeke sara bges krgen-ee b
to(ala. ba(-a sara bges
ba(uray-aa buru(u to(ola.
(olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a
sayin bui 51v
16. sara yeke bges (olomta-aa b
to(ola sara ba(-a bges nutu(-
aa buru(u to(ola. (olomta ger
nutu( mr ede sayin bui 51v
17. sara yeke bges krgen-ee b
to(olan. sara ba(-a bges okin-
aa buru(u to(ola nutu( ger
(olomta deg ede sayin bui 51v
18. sara yeke bges er-e-ee b
to(ola sara ba(-a bges em-e-ee
buru(u to(ola 51v
19. beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un
uaral ene bui 52r
20. il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi
ik krdn ene bui 52r
Table to See the Good and Bad Directions
For Setting Off on a Journey During the
Seven Gara( Stars
One item, here is the table to know the
month in which to marry off a daughter.
One should understand this and rectify it
well
If it is a great month count clockwise from
son-in-law. If it is a small month count
counterclockwise from foundation.
Hearth, foundation, place of residence, and
door are good
If it is a great month count in the right
direction from hearth. If it is a small
month count in the wrong direction from
place of residence. These are good:
hearth, home, place of residence, and path
If it is a great month count in the right
direction from son-in-law. If it is a small
month count in the wrong direction from
daughter. These are good: place of
residence, home, hearth, and younger
sibling
If the month is great, count in the right
direction from man. If the month is small,
count in the wrong direction from woman
Here are the Conjunctions of Stars and
Nakshatra For Not-Taking a Bride
This is the Table to See When to Take a
Bride According to the Nature of the Years
25
INTRODUCTION
21. tngri-yin noqai-yin krdn egni
sara yeke bges kgn-ee b the month is great count in the right
to(ola. sara ba(-a bges buru(u
to(ola. kgn-dr dumda sayin.
nidn-dr r-e sadun delgereged
lemi ir(alang-du bolumui
aman-dur r-e gei bolu(ad ge
da(un bolqu qo(olai-dur qadam
eke-de ma(u. irken-e maida
ir(aqu. ni(ua-dur r-e gei
bolqu. borbin-dur okin-da(an
qari. segl-dr kbegn olan
bolqu. kisn-e rglide okistai
ir(aqu. taiyan-dur okis-tu bolqu.
niru(un-dur r-e tasuraqu. dalun-
dur mai sayin bolumui 52v
22. er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola
em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u.
aman-tur ge da(un uaram.
eregn-dr dumda sayin.
enggelegr sayin. qan-dur mai
sayin. kebili-dr kbegn olan.
kl-dr ma(u. segl-tr okin olan.
nira(un-dur r-e tasuram geige-
dr meks dumda. iken-dr iken
terign l tegsm. qabar-tur qar-
a mr-d bolunam. nidn-dr
nidn met qoyar sayiqan kbegn
trmi 52v
23. ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu
52v
This is the table of the Dog of Heaven. If
direction from neck. If the month is small
count in the wrong direction. On the neck
it is moderately good. On the eyes
descendants and relations having greatly
flourished one will be abundantly happy.
On the mouth, having been no
descendants, there will be quarreling. On
the throat it is bad for the mother-in-law.
On the heart one will be extremely happy.
On the genitals there will be no
descendants. On the achilles tendon there
will be obstacles for one's own daughter.
One the tail sons will be many. On the
navel one will be continuously and
agreeably happy. On the hip it will be
agreeable. On the back descendants will
be cut off. On the scapula it will be
extremely good
In a masculine month count in the right
direction from mouth. In a feminine
month count in the wrong direction from
tail. On the mouth one will meet with a
quarrel. On the jaw it is moderately good.
The breast is good. On the thigh is
extremely good. On the belly sons will be
many. On the leg it is bad. On the tail
daughters will be many. On the back
descendants will be cut off. On the nape of
the neck it is mediocre [meks dumda].
On the ears the ears and head are not
perfect. On the nose one will encounter a
black journey. On the eyes two beautiful
sons who are like the eyes will be born
These are the years of the girl. They
should be rectified.
26
INTRODUCTION

24. na(idar-un ner-e//na(idar-<y>i Names of the Nakshatra//These are the

eilek-yin ner-e ene
bui//qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai
59r
25. qa(ailtu drben edr anu//qabur
namurun qu(usun ebln til-n
edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i
igerle 59r
26. na(idar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a
bui dri ba maqabud ene bui 59v
27. kn krgen sgdk krdn ene This is the table in which the powerful son-
bui 60r
names of those [stars] which indicate the
nakshatra//The head of their protective
animal
As for the four days which separate//These
are the days of the middle of spring and
fall [the equinoxes] and the end of summer
and winter [the solstices]. Abstain from
any kind of good deed.
Nakshatra names, number of stars, figure
and element
in-law kneels down

Provenance

As is obvious from the description of the nakshatra and planets, the manual does not

follow any one particular astrological system consistently throughout. While in general it

either combines or simply juxtaposes both Indian and Chinese systems, these are derived

from a wide range of sources. Citations given in the manual are to the following:

I.3 References/Sources

1. Abidarm-a [S. Abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon Mong. ayima( saba (Lessing, 1159)];

name of the third section of the Buddhist basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of

the Buddhist scriptures (2v).

27
INTRODUCTION

2. Altan gerel the Suvarnaprabhsa-stra; Altan gerel ungi 42v.

3. arvis tarni [S. vidy d}h~ran]; sacred spell; magic spell (25v [Lessing, 1161; MSD,

35;]).

4. Ayui-yin nom the dharma of Ayushi; Aparimityurjnastra (45v [MSD, 45;

Pozdneyev 1978: 636; Ligeti 1944: 91-92]).

5. Bajar dagini-yin ndsn ?the tantra of Vajrad}~kin.

6. Bandida inq-a Sari [=Bandida Sim}ha Sali] ?personal name, quoted (1v).

7. a(-un krdn [S. klacakra]; wheel of time; this is the Klacakratantra, the main

source of Tibetan mathematics and time reckoning (1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r).

8. Dlb-a [Tib. dul-ba]; the Vinaya section of the Kanjur (3v [see Pozdneyev 1978: 677]).

9. Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn the ri-cakrasamvara-tantarja (2v [cf. Ligeti 1944: 19;

KOT, 13]).

10. irken tarni the Heart d}h~rani (25v [cf. Pozdneyev, 427, 616]).

11. Keriy-e-yin ndsn the Crow Tantra (56v).

12. Lii du ting sang ?a Chinese astrological text (2v).

13. Manjuari-[yin] ndsn The Majurmlatantra (2r).

14. Maq-a maya[-yin] ndsn The Mahmyatantra-nma (1v [Newman 1987: 402]).

15. Nagajun-a ba(i-yin sudur Mlamadhyamakakrik (3r).

16. Naran-u irken neret sudur The heart of the sun sutra; S. Sryagarbhastra (2v [cf.

MSD, 310; Ligeti (1944): 272; Mongolian Kanjur, vol. 82, folio 125v-313v, p. 250-626]).

28
INTRODUCTION

17. kgsed-n nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary

text. See the term kgsed, a plural form of kgsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Srkzi 1989: 320]).

Of these references, those stated in the manuals introduction as sources for its

composition are:

1. The Chinese sutra, ?Lii-du ting sang. Although the reference is unknown to this author,

it is cited as the source designating the Magh month as the Tiger month, the first month of

spring. As this came with the reconciliation of the Chinese and Tibetan calendars carried out

by Phags-pa lama under Qubilai in 1268, this text is no earlier than the 13th century.

2. Naran-u irken neret sudur (The heart of the sun sutra [2v]). The manual states that the

nakshatra were composed by integrating that which is in keeping with the custom of the

Chinese astrologers together with the Naran-u jirken neret sudur, which was preached by

the Buddha(2v). The original Sanskrit text, the Sryagarbhastra, which belongs to the

cycle of Mahsam}nip~ta sutras, was translated into Chinese in the middle of the 6th century

CE (Nattier 1992: 171-172). The Mongolian translation is found in the Mongol Kanjur, vol.

82, no. 1014, 125v-313v (Ligeti, 1944: 272). The treatment of the nakshatra covers pages

509 to 547. Here much is similar to that found in the manual, but nothing exactly the same.

For instance there is an interrogative section or dialogue which includes a certain tngri-yin

kin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 509); The interlocutor in the corresponding section in the manual

29
INTRODUCTION

is also tngri-yin okin, Vima (32v). The nature of the heavens described in these accounts is

considerably different, however, as are the qualities of the nakshatra, the various clans

(obo() listed, and the assignation of the nakshatra in the calendar. For instance in the Heart

of the Sun Sutra the nakshatra of the first day of the last month of autumn is Rokini (Kanjur,

vol. 82, p. 547). In the manual neither of three monthly systems give Rokini as the first day

of autumn (15v, 16v, 17v).

3. Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn. This source was used to compose the system of Dependent

Origination (itn barildaqu) according to the custom created by Ngrjuna (2v); and the

celebration of New Year on the sixteenth day of the Mr}gair~ month at the time of the

winter solstice (3r).

4. Bajar dagini-yin ndsn. New Year is also celebrated at this time in the tantra of

Vajrad}~kin (3r).

5. a(-un krdn. According to the Klacakra New Year is celebrated in the Citr month,

the middle of spring (3r). This source is also cited for one of the ways to insert an intercalary

month and for designating the length of the months, either 29 or 30 days (3r-3v).

6. Dlb-a. The Vinaya section of the Kanjur is cited regarding a second intercalary system

and the measurement of time by clepsydra (3v).

7. The tenets of Ngrjuna are cited for the method of cutting days out of the calendar (3v-

4r).

30
INTRODUCTION

Although it is not always easy to correlate the source information with that which is

found in the manual, because its language is highly specialized and repetitive with various

omen conditions recurring under new circumstances, successive stars, planets and so on, one

can see signs of the text being stitched together from different sources in changes of both

vocabulary and customs. The introduction cites both Indian and Chinese methods of marking

the New Year, measuring time and so on (1v-7r). The calendrical section which follows next

is based on Chinese methods. The calendar matrix, i.e., the tables of years and hours, are

based on the Chinese system of ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches, modified

according to the Uygur system (7v). As for the almanac in part two, though showing a mix

of Chinese, Indian and perhaps even Uygur elements, the manual itself states that it was

composed according to Chinese custom (2v). This is clear in that the first day of the week,

which elsewhere in the manual begins according to Indian tradition on Sunday, here begins

on Saturday, a Chinese method in which the beginning of the Tiger, Horse, and Dog months

begin under the influence of Saturn (2v, 8r-19v). As mentioned, the table listing the Indian

nakshatra and the planets according to their respective elements uses the four element system

commonly found in Indian sources (21r-21v). The descriptions of the planets and nakshatra

that follow, however, use the Chinese system of five elements (21v-32r). In the interrogative

section of the text, one finds a number of specifically Indian terms, sadhu good, galab

kalpa, gara( (S. graha) planet, and so on. Then, with the beginning of part four (34r)

and the description of the Chinese systems, the twelve animals and the twelve lords, comes

new terminology, previously not found in the text, e.g.: iro-a omen, ilige splinter,

31
INTRODUCTION

bou( prophecy, nutu( native land, as well as new omen conditions, such as (aar

kndebes if one disturbs the ground and aman aldabasu if one takes an oath. The

manual itself states the years, eight classes (naiman ayima(), lords of land and water ((aar

usun-u eid), when they assemble and disperse, where they reside and so forth, were all

composed according to the custom of the Chinese astrologers (2v). The most striking change

in terminology comes after the mention of The Crow tantra (Mong. Keriy-e-yin ndsn) in

folio 56 verso. Here appear a number of new auspices found frequently in Chinese sources,

e.g., keriy-e kegbes if a crow caws, keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes if a crow or magpie

calls, noqai kegbes if a dog barks, qulu(an-a qaabasu if a mouse bites, debel

tlebes if one burns a robe, sn kir(abasu if one cuts ones hair, kimusu ta(aribasu

if one trims ones fingernails, nayitabasu if one sneezes, oid irek visitors will come.

The closing section of the text is also notable for both its distinctive terminology and the

addition of a fifth and final classification of the nakshatra (60v-61v).

From this description of the manuals disparate features, one is apt to consider the

text not as a representative work in the genre but as the anomalous composite of an editor.

However, while the text is certainly composite, it is by no means unusual. In comparing the

manual with other sources in this genre one finds that archaic elements, variant spellings,

grammatical forms, multiple methods and opposing traditions are not incidental, but

common. For instance, concerning the presence of preclassical forms, G. Kara in his article

Zu den mittelmongoliscen Kalenderausdrcken notes that while it is not astonishing that

many terms in the later calendars differ from the older ones because the earlier tradition of

32
INTRODUCTION

Sino-Mongolian calendars was broken with the fall of the Yuan dynasty, it is remarkable that

in the divinatory part of the official imperial calendars one finds the fortunate or unfortunate

days also include old phrases, which coincide with Middle Mongolian (Kara 1984: 349-350).

Regarding multiplicity of methods, one finds them even in the most important sources of

Tibeto-Mongolian mathematics, the Klacakra tantra and the Vaidrya dKar-po The White

Beryl written 1683-1685 by Sang rgyas rGya-mtsho (1653-1705). In the latter, for instance,

one finds nakshatra systems of both 27 and 28 asterisms, an eight day week as well as the

seven day week, forms of the duodenary animal cycle that begin either with the rat or tiger,

and so on (TEDP passim). And as for the juxtaposition of Indian and Chinese methods, this

is expressly stated in sources on Tibetan mathematics to be an integral part of the genre, in

which the white mathematics of India versus the black mathematics of China represent

a form of yin and yang (Cornu 1997: 21-23).

With this caveat the unique qualities of the manual may be examined. Extraordinary

in many ways, first, it is lengthy, intact, very legible, and holds a wealth of mathematical

terms and concepts. Second, and perhaps most important, the existence of an introduction,

rare indeed for this genre, helps to explain how calendrical systems, practical divination

methods, magic, medicine, ritual practices and the like belong within the greater Buddhist

tradition. As such, the manual is not merely a source for various calendrical systems or

divination methods as one finds isolated here and there, but an excellent source of the genre.

Often referred to as astrology, in its day the discipline was known not only as astrology

but also as astronomy and mathematics, the latter being perhaps the best translation of

33
INTRODUCTION

the Mongolian appellation, to(-a, which literally means number. Now obsolete, this

genre, though seldom if ever studied as a whole, holds great significance for the history and

philosophy of science. Third, although the writing of the text is late, the technology used in

the manual is quite different from and more archaic than that of the Vaidrya dKar-po

White Beryl, a much more elaborate, distinctly Tibetan work, which became the main

source for subsequent mathematical works among the dGe-lugs-pa and remains so today.

Finally, the manual contains a number of distinctly Uygur systems, the presence of which

require some explanation considering that the great majority of works in this genre are

translated either from Tibetan or Chinese (Ligeti 1933: 60).

While the breadth of Uygur influences in the manual will be discussed later, one

example of the Uygur system which helps shed light on the origin of the manual is found in

the sexagenary cycle used in the matrix of the calendar. In the Chinese system from which

the Uygur form derives, abstract Chinese terms define ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly

branches, the combination of which yields sixty terms. In place of the twelve earthly

branches it is common to substitute the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, rat, hare, tiger,

etc. The Uygur variation on this system comprised combining a transcription of the Chinese

terms of the ten stems with a translation of the terms of the animal cycle, e.g. bing-baras

sara the bing-tiger month. This form is attested both in Uygur texts and in the Mongolian

fragments from Turfan (Rachmati 1972: 301, passim; Franke 1964: 33). It was used in the

calendar of the Mongol empire (Cleaves 1951: 56, passim).

34
INTRODUCTION

Two important factors underlie the resurgence of this calendar around the 17th

century. The first is that the Mongolian calendar never actually disappeared after the fall of

the Yuan but lived on through the Ming, when it was only superficially altered, and into the

Qing. Throughout the Qing approximately 60 different calendars were used, some only

briefly.8 One of the longest employed was the Mongolian calendar, known as the a(-un

medege-yin iruqai, composed by Wang Xun and Guo Shoujing during the Yuan dynasty.

Its name was changed during the Ming time to Qotala yeke iruqai (Ch. datongli) but the

contents were the same. As the most advanced calendar of its day, it was used in China for

over 300 years (TU 3). Besides the calendrical constants, the model for the yearly calendar

distributed throughout the country was set during the Yuan. In particular, it was at some

point during the Yuan dynasty that the day selection tables of popular almanacs, comprised

of the good and bad times for various activities, became a regular and integral part of the

official calendar (Smith, Richard J., 1992: 6; Polo, vol. 1, 1929: 449n). Among the Mongols

the Sino-Uygur calendrical conventions of the imperial Mongolian calendar survived in a

number of late 16th-early 17th century chronicles such as the Altan Tobi (Bawden 1955: 129;

cf. Elverskog 2005: 166), the Erdeni Tunumal (Elverskog 2003: 155), and the Erdeni-yin

Tobi (ET II, passim).

8
The appropriate Mongolian term for the calendar was a(-un drim-n iruqai (Ch.
shixianli); however, it was commonly referred to as huangli; and then after 1911 this
traditional calendar was referred to as bilig-n ularil to distinguish it from the newly adopted
Gregorian calendar (TU 3).

35
INTRODUCTION

The main reason for the resurgence of the Mongolian calendar in the 17th century is

that around this time the Manchu Qing government repealed a longstanding prohibition

against the study or composition of almanacs, a prohibition which had been strictly enforced

during the Ming (TU 4; TEDP 16-17, note 19). In this liberalization the Manchu rulers drew

a sharp distinction between the official calendar and almanacs (Smith, Richard J., 1992: 19).

Whereas almanacs (Ch. tongshu) were subject to few formal restraints (Richard J. Smith,

1992: 19), official Qing calendars were regulated very strictly. The official calendar, known

in Chinese first as shixian li and then after 1736, because of an imperial taboo, as shixian

shu, was published yearly and translated into different languages (Smith, Richard, 1992: 7;

Franke 1964: 8). The Mongolian calendar was made at the Imperial Board of Astronomy in

Beijing where professional Mongolian mathematicians such as Sh. Ming(atu (1685-1770)

did not merely translate it from Chinese but adapted it into the Mongolian tradition and sent

it out via Mongol functionaries (Mnkh-Ochir 2000: 80-82; Porter 1980: 61-76). The

Tibetan calendar, made in Lhasa, differed from that of the Qing, but held special status and

was permitted (Laufer 1913: 591; Smith, Richard, 1991: 75).9 Unauthorized versions of the

official calendar, that is, those that did not carry an official red seal, were considered private

and therefore illegal (Smith, Richard, 1991: 74). The penalty for making illegal copies was

9
Under the Thirteenth Dalai Lama (1895-1933) a new medical college called sMan-
rsis-khang (House of medicine and astronomy) was built in Lhasa by mKhyen-rab Nor-bu
at bsTan-rgyas-glin near the gTsug-lag-khang. The college produced the first official
calendar and sent it every year all over the country. Before there had only been private
calendars (Rechung 1973: 23).

36
INTRODUCTION

severe. The title page to the astronomical tables of F. Verbiest (Mong. Orilang-un ma(ad

to(a) published in 1680 states that anyone who copies the text is to be put to death by

beheading, while the one who catches and chains the guilty is to be rewarded 50 pieces of

silver (Heissig 1971: 183-184).

Liberalization of the almanac gave rise to a host of new works, many of which

included the terms, divination methods and calendrical systems of the old Mongolian

calendar. This influx of handbooks on divination and astrology is evident from a survey of

the catalogues of the various collections of Mongolian manuscripts held throughout the

world. Of these, W. Heissigs catalogue of the collection of the Royal Library of

Copenhagen is especially helpful in explicating something of the manuals origins. MONG.

511 of that collection is another version of the manual (Heissig 1971: 178-180). From the

excellent description of the text by Heissig, assisted by Charles R. Bawden, it is clear that

Mostaerts manual and this are almost identical, going so far as to include the same variable

spellings. For instance in their prognostication for Sunday (Mong. Naran odun), both use

the same dialectal variations, mordo-/morda-, as follows, ireg mordobasu naran ur(uqui

a(-tur morda (if one sets out on a military campaign, set out at sunrise [21v]). The

difference between the two is that MONG 511 is not an Ordos text, and so, whereas in

Mostaerts manual one finds typical Ordos forms such as okin maiden, and (adquldu- to

do battle, here one finds the standard classical Mongolian forms kin and qadquldu (32r,

35v). Bawden, who examined this particular text for Heissig, does not mention the

37
INTRODUCTION

orthography of MONG 511 nor has this author seen the manuscript but surmises that, like

Mostaerts, it too is relatively late.10

These two texts are similar, with sections verbatim, others nearly so to another

manuscript in the Copenhagen collection, MONG 326 (Heissig 1971: 185-187). The text is

incomplete. In comparison with Mostaerts manual it is missing a number of sections

including the introduction, the matrix of the sexagenary cycle, and the twelve lords. It

contains material not found in Mostaert such as two small sections of the teachings of

Padmasambhava and a section on the five oxen (Mong. tabun ker), which apparently refer

to five nations, the Tangut, Tibetans, Indians, Muslims, and Chinese (Heissig 1971: 187).

Also it is out of order. In MONG 326 the twelve animal cycle of days comes after a section

on the symbols and before the seven day week. In Mostaert the twelve animal cycle of days

comes later in the section of twelve days. Some of the series of items (basa nigen ekit)

come between the description of the planets and nakshatra and the benediction praising the

completion of that section. For this reason it appears as if the editor of MONG 326 has

rearranged the order to some extent. The majority of the text, however, is the same as

Mostaerts manual both in terms of sequence and content. MONG 326 begins with the

almanac. It contains sections on the seven stars, i.e., the sun, moon and the five planets.

This is followed by the twenty-eight nakshatra; the interrogative section between a ruler and

queen Vima (written in MONG 326 as Bima); and a number of the various items, such as the

10
According to Charles Bawden, it is possible that MONG 511 is simply a photocopy
of Mostaerts manuscript. If so, the variances cited above, kin versus okin, etc., must be due
to conventions of transcription (2002: 31).

38
INTRODUCTION

section on the black dog of heaven (tngri-yin qara noqai). All are virtually the same as those

found in Mostaert, with only slight orthographical or grammatical differences. The

description of the twelve animal cycle of days and the meanings of the various symbols

differs between the two texts. It is not an Ordos text. Notable for its absence in MONG 326

are the Uygur elements of the old Mongolian calendar which are found in Mostaerts manual

and MONG 511. Notable for its presence is a fragmentary text title, ula neret litu buyu

(Heissig 1971: 185). The term litu (Tib. lo tho calendar, almanac) indicates that MONG

326 was translated from Tibetan. In Plate 5 of his catalogue, Heissig provides three

photographs of this text (Heissig 1971: xxxvii). From these it is clear that the manuscript

is old, likely 17th century. The orthography indicates this as well.

Besides the Qing liberalization of the almanac and the period of MONG 326, another

17th century point of origin is found in the manuals composite designation of the month.

Here each month is named according to five distinct traditions, Indian, the Chinese peasant

calendar, the Chinese astronomical calendar, Tibetan and Mongolian, an example of which

is as follows:

According to the Klacakrists of India this is the Magh month, the final
month of winter. For the peasants it is the middle month of spring. For the
mathematicians of China it is the first month of spring. In Tibet it is the
Tiger month. In Mongolia it is the first month (8r).

This custom of identifying the month in composite fashion according to the designation of

the season is stated by Johan Elverskog to be a 17th century phenomenon, likely begun during

the Qing, and not found in earlier Yuan time sources (Elverskog 2005: 161). The same

manner of designating the months is found in MONG 326 (Heissig 1971: 185) and a 17th

39
INTRODUCTION

century text in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Mong. 33 (Ligeti 1933: 62; Bese 1972:

149-173; Kara 2000: 64, #33).

From this it is possible to reach a general understanding of the manuals setting. It

appears to be a 19th century copy into Ordos dialect of another relatively late Mongolian text

in standard classical Mongolian, perhaps MONG 511. These texts are based on a 17th

century text, likely in Mongolian, similar to, but not the same as MONG 326. If that 17th

century source was Mongolian, it was, for the most part at least, translated from a Tibetan

source, perhaps from the same source as MONG 326, i.e., the ula neret litu. These Tibetan

sources in turn were based primarily on Chinese traditions. As can be seen from the

comparison of the twelve animal cycle of days in the manual and MONG 326, Mongolian

mathematicians were not simply translating Chinese or Tibetan sources into Mongolian, but

incorporating these sources into uniquely Mongolian texts. As can be seen from the diversity

of variant spellings of Mongolian terms and the intermixing of preclassical and classical

forms within individual segments of the manual, this uniquely Mongolian composition went

beyond simply cutting and pasting whole sections of other texts. Rather, these Mongolian

texts appear to have been sewn together omen by omen. It is possible that the Uygur

elements of the Yuan period Mongolian calendar were preserved separately from Middle

Mongolian sources.

Though these were not necessarily kept in Ordos, this region, home of the Chinggis

Khan Cult, preserves the traditions of that era well. This is attested in the extensive

collections of sources from the area gathered by the likes of Mostaert and the other Jesuits

40
INTRODUCTION

at Boro Balgasun. In his study of the Uygur-Mongolian calendar of the Mongol Empire, L.

Bazin, citing Mostaerts Dictionaire ordos, points out the remnants of that system in the

popular calendar of Ordos. Some of the examples he notes are first, the designation of the

month according to the season, e.g., the first month of summer, with the solstices and

equinoxes falling, since the adoption of the Chinese custom during the Mongol Empire, in

the middle of the middle month of the season; second, the use of indigenous names of the

months, e.g. quir sara for the second month; and third, the Uygur method of denoting the

sexagenary cycle, e.g., gi taulai, etc. (Bazin 1991: 389, 393, 395, 400).

While written out in the 19th century, the manual does not follow the main source of

dGel-ug-pa mathematics, the Vaidrya dKar-po (1683-1685). For one thing, the Vaidrya

dKar-po deals largely with elemental divination, whereas the emphasis in the manual is on

the omens. The Vaidrya dKar-po gives divinations of the natal horoscope not found in the

manual (TEDP 140). There are shared subjects in both texts, military, matrimony, and death,

but distinct phraseology (e.g. different types of bride), and distinct methods. The Vaidrya

dKar-po uses pebble divination, which is not even mentioned in the manual. While trigrams

are used in the manual and the magic square is mentioned, their role is limited at best,

whereas the Vaidrya dKar-po use of these is extensive and elaborate. In terms of celestial

spirits and demons, there is some shared terminology, but much more that is different. For

instance, the four seasonal constellations, the White Tiger, and so on, are not found in the

Vaidrya dKar-po, instead, one finds the White Snowlion, and so on. Further, different

technologies are primary in each. In the Vaidrya dKar-po the eight day week is favored

41
INTRODUCTION

over the seven day week (TEDP 53, 108). There are different systematizations of the

nakshatra (TEDP 53, 110). The Vaidrya dKar-po also has a different calendar: It gives the

Tiger month as the first month of spring coinciding with the full moon in Mr}gairas. In the

manual the Tiger month is, according to the Klacakrists of India, the Magh month, the

final month of winter.

Another important source for comparison with the manual are various editions of the

Eldeb keregt qa qa(ura( neret biig (The multi-faceted jade box), also from the 19th

century but originated in Mongolian in the 17th century. One of the main editions, translated

in 1895 by Gooige, alan of Alashan banner, is from the Chinese Xuan ze guang yu xia ji

by way of a Tibetan translation of the text made by the Da Bla-ma of Buyan ndslgi

monastery in 1839 (Poppe et al. 1964: 179-180; Heissig 1971: 166). The Chinese text, said

to be based on Tang sources, was originally translated in 1686 by Lama-yin Gegen

Lubsangdaninanan in Ikh Khuree, present day Ulaanbaatar (Mnkh-Ochir 2000: 90).

After its re-translation in the 19th century it became very popular throughout Inner Mongolia

(Heissig 1961: 69, #97; Heissig 1971: 166-170, #234; 170, #127; 171, #275 and #279).

These various editions of The Jade Box do not correspond with each other, but again, show

the reworking of earlier sources into distinct composite texts (Heissig 1971: 170-171).

Though sharing a number of similarities with the manual, they feature different methods,

such as coin divination, physiognomy, weather divination, different star spirits, omens and

so on, from the great pool of Chinese divination practices.

42
INTRODUCTION

II. Influences

The one uniquely Mongolian method in the manual involves the Mongolian

designation of the months. This designation, known in Tibetan as hor-zla (the Mongolian

month), is part of a synchronization of the Tibetan and Chinese calendars carried out under

Qubilai Khan by Phags-pa lama in 1268 (Schuh 1973: 5-7). In this reconciliation the epoch

was established according to Chinese tradition as the first month of the Wood Mouse Year,

1264. With this the first year of the Tibetan sexagenary cycle (rab-yung) fell on the fourth

year of the Chinese cycle (Berzin 1987: 23). New Year was also fixed according to Chinese

custom at the beginning of the Magh month, roughly corresponding to February, a month

and a half, approximately 45 days, from the vernal equinox, instead of at the Citr month,

as is followed in India. However, the name of the month according to the twelve animals

would retain its order. Hence instead of the Rat, the first month of the year became the Tiger

(Schuh 1973: 5).

Otherwise the manual is comprised exclusively of foreign elements. The Mongols

syncretistic approach goes beyond mere ad hoc borrowing. It was a known tradition

throughout Eurasia and an especially common feature not only of Mongolian mathematics

but that of the Uygur, Turks, and Tibetans as well. The philosophy is also known among

their Indian and Chinese counterparts, who, nonetheless, tended to modify foreign influences

into their own systems. Because of this syncretistic approach, the uniquely Mongolian aspect

within the greater tradition of Buddhist mathematics appears subtle, but even so, does exist

43
INTRODUCTION

and should not be overlooked. Examples of Mongolian adaptations of the Buddhist tradition

as seen in the works of Mongolian mathematicians such as Sumba Khamba Iibalur (1704-

1788) have been highlighted by present-day Mongolian historians of Mongolian mathematics

such as L. Terbish and D. Mnkh-Ochir (Mnkh-Ochir 2000: 83-84). Still, Mongolian

mathematicians neither created mythical origins for Mongolian mathematics nor significantly

altered the mathematical heritage in order to "nationalize" it. Their main emphasis was the

translation of texts into Mongolian. As such Mongolian historians give special consideration

to those such as Zaya Pandita Namkhaijamtsu (1599-1662) and Janggiya Khutugtu

Rolbidorji (1727-1786) whose contributions to Mongolian mathematics were primarily in

the way of translation (Mnkh-Ochir 2000: 79, 86-7).

While this truly catholic tradition shows deference to the universal, it comes at some

expense, for it almost totally effaces the institution of Mongolian mathematics. One sees the

cost of syncretism in the case of the Scythian Sakas who ruled the intersection of the Silk

Road during the first century AD. They are a people whose history is lost not necessarily due

to lack of evidence, but due to the fact that what evidence there is tells nothing about them

(Frye, Richard 1996: 134). In his article Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran, David

Pingree comments that, as opposed to the Indians, the Iranian Sasanids did very little to alter

the Greek and Babylonian works they received, except to translate them. It is the tenor of

his article that this lack of originality discredits the Sasanids, while the Indian innovations

are commendable (Pingree 1963: 229). In the case of the Mongols, often and roundly

criticized for their role as destroyers of science and learning, their syncretistic approach to

44
INTRODUCTION

mathematics has meant that their role in the promotion of science and learning has all too

often gone unnoticed (Schafer 1977: 10). This is most unfortunate, for that role is significant

and came at pivotal time in world history.

As the Mongols established the Yuan dynasty and extended their empire throughout

Asia, they changed imperial calendars in every nation under their reign. As we have seen,

Phags-pa lama, on behalf of Qubilai Khan, convinced the Buddhist hierarchy to adopt the

beginning of the Magh moon as the New Year. With the establishment of the Mongol

dynasty in Baghdad in 1258, the Ilkhan, Hleg, restructured the social order by replacing

the Muslim hijr calendar for purposes of civil administration with their own, though the hijr

calendar continued to be used alongside of it as the religious calendar. Under the new

Chinese-based system the day started at midnight, whereas the Muslim day starts at sunset.

Instead of celebrating the New Year at the time of the vernal equinox, which was the

traditional custom of the Persians, Turks, and Arabs, under Hleg it was celebrated

approximately six weeks before the spring equinox in keeping with the Chinese New Year,

in which the beginning of the year is marked astronomically by the arrival of the sun at 15

degrees Aquarius. The start of the Chinese lunar month is also calculated. Unlike the

Islamic lunar month, it does not depend on the actual sighting of the new moon and so varied

somewhat from the Islamic lunar month (Melville 1994: 83-93). In China, on the other hand,

the Mongols established a Muslim Astronomy Bureau (Huihui sitian jian) and, along side

that of the Chinese, used an Arabic calendar, first presented to Qubilai khan by Jmal al-Dn

45
INTRODUCTION

in 1267, completed by Guo Shoujing in the spring of 1280 and promulgated the following

year (Rybatzki 2003: 260; Ho 1993: 285-286; Smith, Richard, 1991: 44; Giles 1962: 387).

In terms of divination one of the most important advisors to both Chinggis Khan and

gedei, the Khitan mathematician Yel Chucai (1189-1243) advocated syncretism as an

express philosophy (de Rachewiltz 1962: 195). Marco Polo notes that in the capital city of

Khanbaliq or Dadu, present day Beijing, some 5,000 astrologers, Nestorian, Arab, and

Chinese, are provided for by the Khan to practice divination according to their own traditions

(Polo 1929: 446-448). During the Yuan dynasty while few fundamental changes took place

in the theory or practice of divination, Tang-Song techniques of fate calculation, geomancy

and physiogomy, Daoist prayers and rituals, Buddhist incantations and spells, and the

activities of shamans were incorporated into the calendar (Yuanshi, juan 52-55; Palmer 1986:

20; Smith, Richard, 1991: 44).

In terms of astronomy, because mathematics was highly esteemed by the Mongolian

nobility in Persia, Hleg and his lords patronized it to a degree which tended to bring

Persian mathematics in line with Eastern standards. For the Mongol Khans in Persia, an

inherent conflict between astrology and the Muslim religion did not hinder the development

of Islam's scientific institution. For the sake of a knowledge which would yield them the

advantage of superior predictions, Hleg and his successors gave extraordinary attention

to the empirical investigation of the heavens (Sayil 1960: 189-223). Indeed Roger Bacon

attributed their success as world conquerors to their devotion to mathematics (Sayil 1960:

367-368).

46
INTRODUCTION

In doing so, the Mongol Khans took advantage of technologies in Persia to construct

more elaborate observatories and better astronomical equipment. In Inner Asia Mongke

Khan and later his successor Qubilai, taken by the same aim, invited Muslim astronomers

to bring equipment and build observatories in Mongolia and China. In 1276 two sets of

seven instruments came to China from Persia, one for the capital Daidu and the other for

Pingyangfu (Palmer 1986: 20-22). In the Yuanshi there is a brief description of the

instruments. There it says they were sent (by Hleg or his successor) to Qubilai through

one of the astronomers at the Margha observatory, Jamaluding (Jaml al-Dn), in person

(Johnson, M. C., 1940; Hartner 1950). As for the observatories, after his brother, Mongke,

asked him to send his best astrologer, Nasir al-Dn Ts, to Qaraqorum to build an

observatory there, Hleg instead set Ts to work building the famous Margha

Observatory. Eventually, Mongke and later Qubilai were able to bring Moslem astrologers

east. No observatory was built in Qaraqorum, but an observatory was finished in Peking in

1276 by Guo Shoujing (Needham 1959: 294-390).

Hleg, on the other hand, invited Chinese astronomers to Persia to teach Chinese

methods. The results of this mutual influence are not obvious, perhaps because astronomical

methods in China and Persia were distinct or perhaps because the two systems were used

independently.11 However, while these systems were not changed in either region,

11
For the analysis of explicit texts and the various methods of calculation used by
astrologers under the Mongol reign, whether Islamic, Chinese, or Indian, cf. the works of E.
S. Kennedy. In Astronomy and Astrology in the Medieval Islamic World two articles directly
connected to the question methods are "The Tables from an Arabic Astronomical Handbook
for the Mongol Viceroy of Tibet," XIII (Co-authored by Jan Hogendijk) and "Eclipse

47
INTRODUCTION

astronomical equipment nonetheless improved (especially in China), and the institution

(especially in Persia) was revitalized (Sayil 1960: 232-236).

Thus, Islamic mathematics, following the 13th and 14th centuries, began to influence

Western institutions (Ragep, vol. 1, 1993: 55-58). This influence had a profound impact on

the ascent of European science and universities (Sayil 1960: 390-400). In particular, Islamic

equipment and observations influenced European astrologers such as Tycho Brahe and

Copernicus (Sayil 1960: 371). Indeed the calculations of the Polish astrologer, Copernicus,

in De Revolutionibus show a remarkable similarity to those of a mathematician from

Damascus, Ibn al Shtir (1304-1375/6 [Sayil 1960: 384; Saliba 1994: 289-305]). Although

the heliocentric universe of the Copernican system is innovative,12 whether the influence of

one to the other was direct or coincidental, Copernicus certainly benefitted in some way from

Islamic astronomy and thus, by extension, the Mongols patronage.13

Though not touted in academic circles as one of the great mathematical traditions of

the world, the importance of Mongolian mathematics for world history is felt in another way

Predictions in Arabic Astronomical Tables Prepared for the Mongol Viceroy of Tibet," XIV.
12
Although the heliocentric theory is innovative in relation to the Mragha school, it
was not unknown in the history of science. Heliocentrism was proposed in antiquity by the
Pythagoreans and Aristarchus. The idea was known in the Middle Ages and in the Latin
West. Cf. Barker and Ariew (2-5).
13
Swerdlow and Neugebauer in Mathematical Astronomy in ... De Revolutionibus, say
that "the question . . . is not whether, but when, where and in what form [Copernicus] learned
of the Maragha theory (47). Important to note is G. Rosiskas refutation of this claim
(1974: 239-243). For the importance of Copernicus discovery for Western civilization, cf.
Galileo Galilei.

48
INTRODUCTION

as well. The reward of syncretism, which, in deference to universal and timeless tradition,

comes at the cost of national effacement, is that it preserves a storehouse of technology

reflecting great antiquity and diversity.

Tibetan

As for foreign elements in the manual, from a Mongolian point of view, and in the

case of this manual, it is a foreign system which appears to be the mundane institution

governing time. As it often appears to serve this institutional function, that system tends to

be known by an institutional term, Buddhism (or in Mongolian a term such as Burqan-u

ain the religion of Buddha). Thus, it can be said that the manual is a Buddhist text.

Ultimately, however, in what are universal/irrational systems, as there is no such thing as a

specifically Mongolian institution, there is also no such thing as Buddhism. That which

distinguishes an institution is not a philosophy, but place in time and space. In the manual

this orientation is apparent in the term qara kitad-un to(-a (the mathematics of Black China),

a pleonastic rendering of the Tibetan term nag-rtsis (black astrology). Black refers to the

Tibetan place name for China, rGya nag (black plain). It is opposed by Tibetan dkar-rtsis

(white astrology), referring to the astrology of India, rGya dkar (white plain).

This Tibetan orientation is reflected twofold in the name of the month. As

mentioned, the reason the calendar begins with the Tiger and not the Rat month goes back

to Phags-pa lamas synchronization of the Tibetan and Chinese calendars during the Mongol

49
INTRODUCTION

Empire. Furthermore, although the months are named according to five different traditions,

Indian, Chinese Peasant, Chinese Mathematical, Tibetan and Mongolian, the preferred

system of the names of the month is not the Mongolian ordinal system, although it is used

almost as frequently, but the Tibetan system of the twelve animals.

Uygur

While the text is a Buddhist sutra, the Chinggisid Mongols of the 13th century did

not receive Buddhist mathematics directly from Tibet, but rather through the intermediate

influence of the Uygurs, who settled in the Tarim basin in AD 835 after being driven from

their homeland on the Orhon River by the Kirghiz people of the Upper Yenisei (Bazin 1991:

228). In their cities of Qocho or Qara Qoja, Uygur mathematicians had access to both Indian,

Iranian, and Tibetan Buddhist works, Chinese mathematical texts, as well as Manichean,

Nestorian Christian writings, and other sources. From this wealth of influence, Uygur

astrologers developed systems of their own from the synthesis of these foreign elements.

Exactly when the Mongols adopted the Uygur system is not verified. The first use

of the Uygur dating system in the Secret History of the Mongols, the exact date of which,

itself, is uncertain,14 is the Cock year, 1201 A.D. (Cleaves 1984: 68; de Rachewiltz 1972:

61, line 3913). The occasion is the coronation of Chinggis Khan's sworn brother and arch-

14
The Secret History of the Mongols gives its year as the year of the Rat, and from that
it has been deduced that it was perhaps written in 1228, 1240 or 1252.

50
INTRODUCTION

rival, Jamuqa, as Gr Khan over tribes which were about to strike out against Chinggis Khan.

This means that even if this date does mark an early adaptation of the Uygur system, exactly

when the Chinggisid Mongols adopted the Uygur chronology remains unclear. Charles

Melville in an article on the influence of "The Chinese-Uygur Animal Calendar in Persian

Historiography of the Mongol Period," notes that for administrative purposes the Mongols

began to use the Uygur calendar at the latest by 1215 with their conquest of northern China.

(Melville 1994: 84; Bazin 1991: 399). These new systems would in turn influence Chinese

and Tibetan astrology and, through transmission by the Mongols, eventually almost every

nation in Asia (Bazin 1991: 229).

When the Turfan documents were discovered between the years 1902 and 1914 by

the various "Turfan Expeditions" organized by the Berlin Museum of Ethnology and later by

the Prussian Academy of Science, astrological texts in various languages were among the

most common works found (Cerensodnom and Taube 1993: 7). Consequently, scholars paid

them special attention in numerous publications. The Uygur fragments have been dealt with

by Rachmati and Eberhard in Turfantexte. The Mongolian fragments have been studied by

many scholars including Haenisch, Franke, Kara, and Tserensodnom and Taube. In these

works one sees clearly the affinity in method and terminology between this manual and those

from the Turfan area.

Besides loan words, which are common in the manual, Uygur influence comes in two

main areas, the calendar and the nakshatra. As previously described, the terms of the

sexagenary cycle, as with the forms of the Twelve lords (arban qoyar ein), follow the

51
INTRODUCTION

Uygur method in their borrowing from Chinese (Rachmati 1972: #4, p. 301; #11, p. 308).

The designation of the month by ordinal numbers, contained within two native terms for the

first and last months respectively was borrowed by the Mongols and became known in

Tibetan sources as hor-zla (The Mongolian month). Also in the calendar, the designation of

the first ten days of the month as new (Mong. ine; Uy. yang) and the last ten days as old is

based on the Uygur system (Rachmati 1972: 291). As for the nakshatra, the Mongolian

forms of the Hindu nakshatra reflect the Uygur borrowing of the terms either from Tocharian

or Sogdian. Moreover, the correspondence of nakshatra is close to Uygur and Indian

systems, while later Mongolian sources more clearly aligned with Chinese.

Chinese

Empirical Chinese mathematics was distinct from the Greek, Indian and Buddhist

methods. The Chinese, it seems, addressed the problem of the calendar in a way that was

precisely opposite of their neighbors to the west. Needham, citing de Saussure, notes that

"while Greek astrology was ecliptic, angular, true, and annual, Chinese astrology was

equatorial, horary, mean and diurnal." To this list, Needham adds "Moreover, Greek

astrology was geometrical, Chinese astrology was arithmetical-algebraical (Needham 1959:

229). These differences stem from the basic problem of simultaneously observing the stars

and sun in making a calendar. Presumably there are only two methods for ascertaining this

relation. These are known as contiguity and opposability (Needham 1959: 229). Contiguity

52
INTRODUCTION

was the method of the Greeks and the ancient Egyptians before them. It involved observing

heliacal risings and settings along the ecliptic and required no knowledge of the pole,

meridian or celestial equator. The Chinese system, on the other hand, derived from the use

of a gnomon, placed in the ground, from which one could determine the celestial pole and

meridian. Due to this difference while the Greeks focused on the stars along the ecliptic,

Chinese astrologers focused on the stars which never set below the horizon, the circumpolar

stars, in order to discern the position of the sun, moon, planets, and other stars at any given

time. (Needham 1989: 2).

Chinese mathematical sources began coming to Tibet in the 7th and 8th cent. AD.

The first of these is said to have come under the reign of Srong-btsan sgam-po, whose

Chinese queen, Wenzheng (whose marriage was in 641 A.D.), brought with her various texts.

After a period of decline, Chinese related mathematical influence came again beginning in

the 10th century, but this time via Central Asia through the intermediary influence of the

Uygurs (Cornu 1997: 21-23).

In his article An Introduction to Tibetan Astronomy and Astrology, A. Berzin

emphasizes that Chinese astrology primarily influenced the divinatory aspect of the calendar,

by providing further sets of variables to increase the possibilities of doing divination (Berzin

1987: 21-23). However, apart from divination, Chinese methods influenced the Tibetan

calendar in other ways as well. As Dieter Schuh says in his study of the history of Tibetan

calendar reckoning, Zur Geschichte der tibetischen Kalenderechnung, during the reign of

Qubilai Khan, through the influence of 'Phags-pa lama, Buddhist calendars conformed with

53
INTRODUCTION

the Chinese system in terms of both the beginning of the year, as well as the number of the

year (Schuh 1973: 6). Under the new system, the month, in the form already examined, is

referred to in Tibetan as the hor-zla (the month of the Mongols [Schuh 1973: 6]).

In the manual, in addition to the sexagenary cycle, one finds the Twenty-Four Joints

and Breaths (M. tngri (ajar-un qorin drben a(ur a(), Chinese New Year according to the

lunar cycle and a Chinese method for fixing an intercalary month. Additional Chinese

systems are a) the 100-Unit time reckoning system, b) the 12 Double-Hour System c) two

different 12 day cycles, one given by the twelve animals of the Chinese Zodiac, the other

known as the Twelve Lords (M. Arban qoyar een), d) the five elements, e) the five colors)

and f) the eight trigrams (naiman klil), that is, the eight trigrams of the Yijing. Chinese

methods also influence the days of the calendar, the composition of the nakshatra and the

prognostications derived from the combination of the nakshatra and the stars.

Another important Chinese influence are the omens, which may have originated in

ancient Mesopotamia and entered China first with traders along the Silk Road and then

eventually via Buddhism exported from India into Central Asia. During the Warring States

period (453-221 BC) these auspices begin to appear in Chinese sources in the form of rishu

(day-books [Smith, Richard 1991: 23]). They circulated widely among elite and commoners

alike and became extremely popular. This popularity produced a strong demand for this kind

of omen astrology in China, and set off market forces which produced new competing works,

promoted mass production, piracy and so on. The trade in these works became so profuse

that it prompted the government to impose restrictive measures to protect against rebellion.

54
INTRODUCTION

The emperors of the Tang dynasty, for example, forbade possession of astrological texts,

oracular works or astrologically-oriented almanacs (Smith, Richard, 1992: 4-5).

However almanacs (rili) that predicted auspicious and inauspicious activities

continued to flourish. Sometimes the non-Imperial almanacs were known as xiaoli (small

calendars) to distinguish them from the more elaborate and expensive calendars of the State,

the dali (great calendars). With the invention of printing during the Tang dynasty,

entrepreneurs even began to pirate the State calendar, forcing the government itself to

compete for its market share by publishing special editions of the calendar in hopes of

preempting the dealers. During the Song dynasty as printing and literacy expanded, popular

almanacs of all kinds proliferated when it became fashionable among the affluent to sponsor

the publication of new almanacs (Smith, R. J., 1992: 4-5). After the Mongols came to power

and established the Yuan dynasty, the eminent mathematician, Guo Shoujing (c. 1290),

gathered almanacs containing official and unofficial beliefs, and produced the first attempt

at an overall system for almanacs. In the process the celestial omens, which had heretofore

been found only in the almanacs, were incorporated into the Chinese imperial calendar. With

Guo's publication of his Compendium of Systems, the Shoushi li yi jing (Explanations and

manual of the Shoushi [works and days] calendar), the pattern of the almanac was set:

calendar, divination, advice, tales, charts, and geomancy (feng-shui [Yuanshi, juan 52-55;

Polo 1929: 449, n. 1; Palmer 1986: 20; Smith, Richard, 1991: 44]). And although Confucian

scholars such as Xie Yingfang (c. 1350), argued against these almanacs as superstitious, they

became extremely popular. Not only did these omens and divinatory elements remain

55
INTRODUCTION

throughout the Yuan, but they were included with the Imperial Calendars of the Ming and

Qing as well and can be found today in the almanacs published in Taiwan (Palmer 1984: 20-

21).

Indian

Indian astrology provides the primary foundation for Tibetan Buddhist mathematics.15

Its main source for Tibetan Buddhism, often cited in the manual, is the Klacakra Tantra

(The Wheel of Time; T. Dus kyi hkhor lo; M. a(-un krdn). The Klacakra originated

outside of India and was introduced there in the early decades of the 11th century CE

(Newman 2004: 410). It is said to be one of the last Sanskrit works written in Central Asia,

where Indian civilization was in close contact with Zoroastrian, Manichean, Christian, and

Islamic traditions, and it contains a wealth of foreign or syncretistic influences. It came first

to India (together with its commentary, the Vimalaprabh, written by Padma dKar po) and

subsequently entered Tibet in 1026 A.D. together with the Tibetan translation done by

Somanatha of Kashmir (Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra 1966: 6; Hoffman 1969: 53). By

legend the Klacakra originated in a place called Shambhala, which is told in the

Vimalaprabha to be located on a latitude north of Tibet, Khotan, China, and north of the Sita

15
For a detailed exposition of Indian astrology cf. Burgess's translation and
commentary on the Srya-Siddhnta. For the influence of Indian culture on Tibet in general
cf. Lopez and Lopez 1997. Specifically, for the influence of Indian astrology on Tibetan
astrology cf. Cornu 1997: 24-32.

56
INTRODUCTION

River (Sopa, Geshe Lhundub, Roger Jackson and John Newman 1985: 84). Concerning the

original date of the Klacakra-tantra, Dieter Schuh states that in its present form the

Klacakra-tantra could not have originated before 1026 A.D. but was based on a text from

around 806 A.D. (Schuh 1973: 20). With the introduction of the Klacakra in Tibet, the

epoch for Tibetan time reckoning was established in 1027 A.D. (Stal-Holstein 1935-6: 277;

Schuh 1973: 3-4).

According to Schuh, the use of some Klacakra methods but not others in early

Buddhist sources shows that a complete assimilation of the system had not taken place by

as late as the beginning of the 13th century (Schuh 1973: 5). As a result, noteworthy teachers

of the Klacakra system 'Phags-pa lama being one were still introducing the system later.

According to the Blue Annals, the two great teachers of the Klacakra-tantra in Tibet were

Bu-ston and Dol-po-pa. Bu-ston (1290- ) in particular devoted five volumes on Tantrism to

the Klacakra and Vimalaprabha (Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra 1966: 11).

The Klacakra-tantra embodies a three-fold system in its composition. The tantra

is divided into three parts. The first part, the External Klacakra, deals with the world and

external phenomenon. The Inner Klacakra deals with internal phenomenon, namely, the

subtle composition of the body of the yogi. The third part, the Alternative Klacakra,

pertains to gnosis, which is given as the transcendent aspect of the tantra (Cornu 1997: 25-

26; Newman 1987: 114; Berzin 1987: 17). In practical terms the system is propagated by a

number of texts which contain basic knowledge upon which subsequent texts can expand and

develop knowledge. These primary texts are the root tantras (M. ndsn- gesign). In

57
INTRODUCTION

them two systems of mathematical calculations developed under the rubric of "External

Klacakra." From the Mula Tantra came the siddhanta or full tenet system of calculations

(T. grub-rtsis). Although this was the more exact of the two systems, it was lost together

with the root tantra, so that only fragments of the system survived in later commentaries such

as the Vimalaprabha (The Stainless Light Sutra). The other system of calculations is a precis

system known as the kha-ra-na (S. kha-ra-na boundary, limit, margin, edge [MW, 623;

Srkzi 1995: 305, #4366]). It comes from a later text, the Laghu-tantra (Abbreviated

Klacakra-tantra). As an abbreviated system, it is also less accurate than the siddhanta

system in terms of the daily motion constant for the sun.16 Eventually, Buddhist astrology

and calendar reckoning came to fulfillment through a synthesis of these two systems in the

form of Tibetan grub-rtsis astrology in the period between the 15th and 17th centuries

(Schuh 1973: 21).

In its introduction, the manual cites numerous terms from the Klacakra system,

including the three kinds of mathematics (M. (urban to(-a) and the three kinds of day (M.

qono(-un (urban jil). It cites the philosophy of Ngrjuna as a primary source and notes

16
The positions of the planets are calculated in terms of daily motion constants, but
over 60 year cycles (rab-byung) at the beginning of which a leftover position (rtsis-lhag) of
where a planet was at the end of the cycle must be taken into consideration. Cf. Berzin, p.
18, 20. For the terms of the rab-byung cycle, so named for the first year in the cycle, cf.
Everding.

58
INTRODUCTION

two root tantras in particular, the Mahmytantra-nma17 and the Cakrasamvara-tantra,

which had an honored place in Tsong-kha-pa's curriculum (Raghu Vira 1966: 13.).

The manual also contains a number of Western elements which entered Buddhism

through India. There is a) the seven day week, as it is used in the West today, b) the four

elements, air, fire, earth, and water, which are commonly associated with Aristotle, but first

appeared in Greek sources in the works of Empedocles, c) the horoscope (i.e., the terms of

the ascendant), and d) the Western zodiac of the Chaldeans.

While ancient Greek and Mesopotamian sources are largely the basis of Indian

astrology and thus Buddhist astrology in turn, elements of distinctly Indian influence are also

numerous. Of these are systems of units of time, such as the mahyuga, the kalpa, and so

on (Pingree 1963: 238-240). Within these enormous units are more practical units such as

the muhurta, which is equal to 48 minutes. The muhurta is given in the Mongolian manual

as qubi (one measure). Indian systems also give different units of time for different realms.

In the manual, for instance, there are units of time for human beings and another set for the

gods. Another apparently distinctive Indian element in the manual is the interrogative

section in which the ruler asks the goddess, Vima, daughter of heaven, questions about the

celestial order of the universe and Vima replies.

17
For further reference to this work cf. Newman 1987: 402. See also Lopez where
Mahmya is defined as "The Great Creative Illusion" (1997: 179). Cf. also Burgess's idea
that giving knowledge to a demon shows foreign influence and then his speculation that
Mya in the Srya Siddhnta refers to Ptolemy, himself (1859: 147).

59
INTRODUCTION

Besides the nakshatra, the manual is similar to the oldest Buddhist systems in other

ways. Both give the 19 year cycle, whether through Babylonian or Chinese influence, for

determining the intercalary month (Mukhopadhyaya 1954: 104). The names of the months

in relation to the seasons follow the same order (Mukhopadhyaya 1954: 53) and most

significantly, both give many of the same omens or auspices (Mukhopadhyaya 1954: 110).

This last feature is especially important because as the prevalence of omens or auspices is

a distinctive feature of the manual, it is also a distinctive feature of the most ancient Buddhist

astrology. Indeed, David Pingree writes that "Buddhist astrology in general can be

characterized at its infancy as a nakshatra astrology, combining the Indian nakshatra with

Babylonian omens (Pingree 1963: 230).

With the discovery of Mesopotamian astrological and divination tablets in the mid-

nineteenth century, scholars have been able to find antecedents for the traditional Greek

sources, out of which the astrology of Western civilization developed. For years, while

scholars have wondered at the pervasiveness of these ultimately arbitrary astrological terms,

the days of the week and the signs of the zodiac, the horoscope, and so on, with only Greek

and Roman sources and a few passages in the Bible to go on, they had virtually no means to

link these coincidences and ultimately discover their origin (Thompson 1900: xiii.) This

was until a great repository of astrological inscriptions were found in the ruins of the library

at Nineveh, which at the middle of the 19th century, when the discovery was made, had been

buried over 2000 years. The discovery of the cuneiform tablets was made between 1845 and

60
INTRODUCTION

1847 when Sir Henry Layard excavated sites at old Nineveh. The cuneiform inscriptions

subsequently went to the British Museum in London (Naylor 1967: 11-12).

With these inscriptions scholars such as O. Neugebaur, D. Pingree, Francesca

Rochberg, and Ulla Koch-Westenholz have been able to reconstruct Mesopotamian

astrological systems. They have since begun to integrate the systems preserved in other

repositories throughout Asia. Especially valuable are the Babylonian inscriptions given to

the library at Nineveh by the Assyrian king, Assurbanipal, 668-626 B.C. Among these

inscriptions is a series of astrological works entitled Enma Anu Enlil containing 70 tablets

with over 7,000 thousand celestial omens covering an extensive period of ancient

Mesopotamian history. David Pingree in From Astral Omens to Astrology From Babylon to

Bkner believes that these omens were probably being observed in late Sumerian times, late

3rd millennium B.C., and that a small number of tablets are indeed from the Old Babylonian

Period, from the first half of the 2nd millennium B.C. (Pingree 1997: 12). In his article

"Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran" he argues that after Darius the Great conquered

the Indus valley in 513 B.C. intellectual correspondence between East and West began,

bringing to an end a period of isolation. During the period between 500-230 B.C., Indian

astronomy was introduced to Babylonian methods for the first time. With this infusion of

foreign influence Indian astrology went from simple calendars based on 27 or 28 nakshatra

to a unique and complex system which includes the yuga system and the concept of great

cycles of time such as the mahyuga, the kalpa, and so on. Buddhists, he points out, adopted

a form of this new Indian synthesis with its combination of 28 nakshatra and Babylonian

61
INTRODUCTION

omens (Pingree 1963: 230). These omens were extracted for the most part from two large

compendia of Babylonian omen literature, the Summa alu and the previously mentioned

Emna Anu Enlil. As for their dissemination, Pingree writes:

It is clear that in the 5th and early 4th centuries B.C. much of the
Mesopotamian omen literature, perhaps from Aramaic versions, was
translated into an Indian language and these translations, though altered to fit
the Indian intellectual tradition, form the basis of the rich Sanskrit and Prakrit
literatures on terrestrial and celestial omens. (Pingree 1997: 33)

Buddhists, he points out, early in their history distinguished themselves by attacking the

Brahmans for their use of omens. In the Brahmajalasutta, for example, the Buddha recites

omens verbatim from the Summa alu and Emna Anu Enlil, as examples of immorality

(Pingree 1997: 32-33). However, by the time of the ardulakarnavadna sutra (perhaps 1st

cent. A.D.), although castigation of the Brahmans is as fervent as ever, the omens have been

embraced. Furthermore, Pingree shows that Buddhists spread their nakshatra astrology

into Iran and Central Asia to the cities of Khotan and Khocho from whence it made its way

to China (Pingree 1963: 233; 1978: 613-631).18

III. Theory

The Genre

18
In Measuring Time in Mesopotamia and ancient India Harry Falk challenges
many of David Pingrees assertions about the influence of Mesopotamian mathematics on
India. Regarding omen literature specifically, he suggests that Babylonian influence might
have come later, after the time of Alexander, but also that augury may well have been
indigenous to India (2000: 108-109).

62
INTRODUCTION

The Mongolian term for the genre, given by Mostaert as astrology and divination

is to(-a. As a verbal stem, to(a- means to count, reckon and as a noun commonly means

number, amount (Lessing, 813). As found in the phrase, Manjuari bodisung inu Qara

Kitad-un orun-dur to(-a terigten-i jeglegi buyu "The bodhisattva Majur is the one

who teaches to(-a in the lands of the Chinese," it refers to a discipline or branch of

knowledge, to(an-u uqa(an, translated literally as "the science of numbers, mathematics.

The term is equivalent to Tibetan rtsis-kyi rig-gnas, in which rig-gnas stands for

knowledge, science or learning, while rtsis, in a predicative function means to calculate,

to compute, otherwise means counting, numbering, numeration, and in the form rtsis-pa

means mathematician (Jschke, 439-440).

This genre is not to be confused with modern mathematics, which is a specific

narrowly defined field within a greater scientific tradition, Modern Science, that has clearly

rejected the tradition from whence it originated. The tradition Modern Science has rejected

is a tradition to which Buddhist mathematics belongs, a tradition of mathematics that was

once common throughout Eurasia. Modern Sciences rendering obsolete the traditional

concept of mathematics, not only makes the translation of the Mongolian/Buddhist genre

difficult, but also has effectively erased the traditional notion of mathematics from the

history of Western civilization. This erasure is so complete, one is hard-pressed to find a

single history of traditional mathematics written by a modern author. Many modern studies

which profess to be histories of mathematics are, rather, merely compendia of the works of

63
INTRODUCTION

famous mathematicians (Miller, G. A. 1921: 5-12). In his book, The Story of Mathematics,

Richard Mankiewicz writes:

Mathematics has been a collective activity of a relatively small number of

unusually talented individuals who have cut across spatial and temporal
boundaries as if they did not exist and together created one of the wonders of
the world (Mankiewicz 2000: 1).

While the study of the achievements of outstanding mathematicians is certainly worthy in

its own right, to present it as the history of mathematics utterly distorts the subject.

Mathematics, on the contrary, was a collective activity of a relatively large number of people,

whose talent for conceiving better methods of mensuration or the lack thereof was irrelevant

to the mundane task at hand, which for at least two millennia was predominately divination.

A proper history of mathematics, rather, would be a study of the rhetoric of knowledge,

focusing on the way in which mathematics creates order from chaos; its relationship to

government, foremost, then individuals; its relationship to religion; its relationship to itself,

that is, the interplay between its physical and metaphysical modes, the way in which it is

divided into disciplines, specialization; and its relationship to apotropaic medicine, ritual,

and magic for these are some of its fundamental aspects.

As for translating Mongolian to(-a, while the literal translation, mathematics, is

archaic, astrology and divination, used by Mostaert (as a way of naming a monograph

on an anonymous text in this untranslatable genre) and the current Library of Congress

subject heading as well is not a suitable rendering either in that it fails to capture the aspect

of the genre given to physical science, in particular, to astronomy and calendar reckoning.

While astrology was once indeed a proper synonym for mathematics, with the advent of

64
INTRODUCTION

Modern Science, the meaning of astrology also changed, so that in the West there is a

strong tendency to see a mutually exclusive relationship between astrology and astronomy,

based on a distinction between methods of divination versus the methods of physical science.

Prior to the Enlightenment era in Europe, there was no absolute distinction between astrology

and astronomy. All three terms, mathematics, astrology and astronomy, would have

been proper translations for Mongolian to(-a. Now, none of them is.

Another literal rendering of to(-a is numerology. However, this words too limited

denotation precludes it. Others have translated Buddhist mathematics as reckoning,

computation, calculation. This option not only avoids the confusion inherent in the terms

mathematics, astrology, astronomy, there is also a Latin cognate, computus reckoning,

computation coined, perhaps, to avoid the same dilemma. However, the term is not well-

known in English nor outside mediaeval rhetoric (Tester 1987: 126-7). While such

renderings avoid confusion with the Western genres, this is unfortunate, in that they deny the

shared tradition with Western mathematics, presenting Buddhist mathematics as if it were

an exotic indigenous tradition, when, given the erasure of pre-Enlightenment mathematics

from Western history, it is precisely the relationship between them that makes the subject so

important.

What then is Buddhist mathematics, and how is it related to pre-modern Western

mathematics and the mathematic traditions of Eurasia? To begin, Buddhist mathematics is

similar in meaning to the tradition of Greek mathematics in that both use a term which

literally means number, computation, to stand for a general concept knowledge, learning,

65
INTRODUCTION

science. What is quite possibly the underlying reason for this is found in the Greek term

mthma (Gr. :V20:"), which originally meant "science" or "something learned,"19 and

then came to be associated with numbers through the influence of Pythagorean philosophy

which holds that all knowledge is ultimately derived from numbers (Smith, David, 1923:

74). In this number is a metonym for comprehending the otherwise boundless, amorphous

concept, knowledge. Still, the term is more complex in that not only did mthma imply

this dichotomy between the general concept knowledge and the specific concept number,

computation, it also held a dichotomy between metaphysical and physical aspects, of which,

the metaphysical was predominant in that its primary functions were apotropaic medicine,

ritual, and magic (Burkert 1972: 42-43, n. 76, 211; Kingsley 1995: 327). Thus, the term

mthma comprises a double duality or a three-way antagonism, fourfold aspects:

knowledge versus number on the one hand; metaphysics versus physics on the other.

Given this instability, it was inevitable for the Greeks that the notion of mthma

mathematics should change over time from the friction between these opposing aspects of

an ultimately boundless subject and the pull of specialization. Earlier than other fields,

geometry and astrology became domains of specialists (Burkert 1972: 426). Along with the

appearance of the Greek Academy, the word mathmata came to stand for fields of study,

while mathmatik was restricted to the science of numerical calculation or mathematics

proper. This mathmatik was not comparable to modern mathematics, but to the

19
The ultimate source of "mathematics" was the Greek verb manthneim "to learn,"
which came from the same Indo-European base (*men-, *mon-, *mn- "think") as produced
"memory" and "mind." Cf. "mathematics," Dictionary of Word Origins (Ayto 1991: 341).

66
INTRODUCTION

mathematics found in the Buddhist system and in the manual. It was also known as

astrologia, the science of the heavens, which like mthma, was at once a metaphysical

subject, the physical science of the movements of the celestial bodies and a metonym for

knowledge in that, just as all knowledge can be understood to derive from numbers, so too

all knowledge can be understood as deriving from the stars. These new usages of

terminology were not consistently followed by Greek authors, however, until the time of the

Old Academy in the 4th century BC. In general Plato uses mthma in its original, broader

sense, as knowledge or learning (Burkert 1972: 422).

In Latin astronomus is synonymous with mathematicus (Tester 1987: 179-80). This

is clear from one of the final and most complete works on the subject in the ancient world,

the Mathesis of Julius Firmicus, written in the 4th century AD from a synthesis of late

Hellenistic, Egyptian and Syrian sources. Its ideology draws from the Platonic and Stoic

traditions, in particular, the notion of sympathy between all parts of the universe, linking the

stars and mankind in strict moral determinism (Firmicus Maternus 1975: 1-4). Its subject

is what a modern critic would consider astrology, that is, the science of the heavens. To the

author this was a most noble philosophy, but to others, even by the 11th century, the period

in which the oldest manuscripts of the Mathesis are found, it was deemed but superstition.

By the twelfth century AD, a distinction had been established between mathsis with

a long in the middle, and mathsis with the accent on the first syllable and a short , a

distinction which may also have been valid in the fourth century (Tester, 1987: 134).

According to John of Salisbury in Chapter 18, Book II of his Policraticus, good mathesis

67
INTRODUCTION

which is pronounced with a short middle syllable, is that which nature induces, reason

proves and practical utility approves. Bad mathesis, pronounced with a long middle

syllable as in Firmicus work was vain superstition (Tester,1987: 134).

As for the terms astrology and astronomy, while either could be used in relation to

the other to distinguish opposing aspects of the greater subject at any time in antiquity, one

of the first writers to differentiate absolutely the two words astronomia and astrologia was

Isidore of Seville in the 7th century AD (Tester 1987: 19). Isidore defines astronomia as

dealing with the turning of the heavens, and the risings, settings and motions of the stars,

and why they are called what they are, and then contrasts what he calls physical astrology,

which deals with the course of the sun and moon, or the fixed seasons of the stars from

superstitious astrology pursued by mathematici, such as Firmicus, who prophesy by the stars

and who distribute the twelve heavenly signs among the parts of the soul and body and

attempt to foretell the births and characters of men from the courses of the stars

(Etymologiae, III.27; cf. Tester 1987: 19). Given their etymologies, this is the logical way

to differentiate the terms. The nomos of astronomia refers to law or custom; the logos of

astrologia means reason, account and thus leads to essentially the opposite distinction we

now make (Tester 1987: 124).

Other medieval authors, who came after Isidore, either followed Isidore or produced

different, sometimes quite contrary, definitions. The Spanish philosopher and great

disseminator of Arabic philosophy and science, Gundissalinus (c1110-c1190), who, in his

most influential work, De divisione philosophiae, drew heavily from Isidore of Seville,

68
INTRODUCTION

reverses this distinction between astronomia and astrologia (Tester 1987: 148). Robert

Kilwardby, the anti-Thomist Dominican Archbishop of Canterbury, who in his De ortu

scientiarum written about 1250 took a position against astrological determinism, accepts the

Isidorean division of astrologia in his rejecting judicial astrology as superstitious, while

accepting natural astrology, which deals with the effects of the stars on health, the weather

and so on. He quotes Gundissalinus on the same division, and then realizes that he has

misquoted, since Gundissalinus used the names in the opposite way and so adds the

following clarification: it should be noted that although what we have said is different

[from] the proper way of taking astronimia and astrologia, yet sometimes the name of

the one is used for the other, just as happens with scientia and sapientia, which are properly

different, but sometimes one is used for the other (Tester 1987: 180). Roger Bacon, who,

in contrast to Robert Kilwardby, accepted astrology, uses the terms astronomia and

astrologia much in the way of Gundissalinus. He defines astronomia as practical

astrologia, while also referring to: the true mathematici, which is what we are here calling

astronomi and astrologi, because they are so called indifferently by Ptolemy and Avicenna

and many others (Tester 1987: 180).

Regarding the practitioners of mathematics, the mathematicians, a separate discussion

is necessary, because, as the notion of mathematics changed over time, so did the notion of

the mathematician, but, given the conflicting aspects involved, these changes were not

necessary in step with each other. In the passage of Roger Bacon, cited above, mathematici

(mathematician) is synonymous with astronomi (astronomer) and astrologi (astrologer).

69
INTRODUCTION

That is, a mathematician was one who practiced both or either of the opposing aspects of the

study of the heavens, its physics and its metaphysics. Of these it was the metaphysical aspect

that was predominant, and so when one encounters the term mathematician in the

literature, unless otherwise demonstrated, one might think primarily of a diviner, one who

practices divination. Still, the nuances of the term are important. In antiquity there is a

distinction made between mathematici and acusmatici, though it is drawn sharply in the

sources, exactly what the distinction entails is rather unclear. Mathematici are said to be

superior to acusmatici in a hierarchy not well established (Burkert 1972: 194). Even in the

ancient sources the term mathematici is taken to mean a Pythagorean or a follower of

Pythagoras. While this link between Pythagoras and mathematics is justified, the

Pythagorean school evolved over time, such that the common notion of Pythagoreans as

specialists in numerical calculation and empirical science is misleading when applied to the

notion of the mathematici. From early on mathematici are primarily advocates of

astronomical theories, and these had more to do with the metaphysics of divination and ritual

practice than the subject of modern astronomy. As Charles Burkert says in Lore and Science

in Ancient Pythagoreanism, Greek mathematikoi mathematicians were not

mathematicians in the modern sense at all, but astrologers and ritualists (Burkert 1972: 42-

43, n. 76). These Pythagorean mathematicians, who clearly understood their subject in terms

of medicine and therapeutics, are, he says, to be more associated with shamans, miracle

workers, healers, ascetics and philosophers, than modern mathematicians or scientists

70
INTRODUCTION

(Burkert 1972: 211; Kingsley 1995: 327). Mathematicians in the Middle Ages are

comparable to the magi of yore. Isidore of Seville writes:

Astrologi are so called because they make predictions from the stars;
genethliaci are named because they consider the dates of birth, for they draw
up the births (geneses) of men round the twelve signs of the heavens and
attempt to predict the characters of those born . . . . these are commonly
called mathematici . . . but these same interpreters of the stars were at first
called magi, like those in the Gospel who announced the birth of Christ; after
they were known only by the other name, mathematici. (Isidore of Seville,
On Magi, Etymologiae, Book VIII, Chp. 9: 22-27; cf. Tester, 1987: 125)

Kepler (1571-1630), thought of commonly as an astronomer, was not really an astronomer

at all nor a modern mathematician, but another example of the mathematici. He studied

astrologia at Tbingen University and practiced astrology to support himself while he taught

at Graz. The aim of his work was to reveal through his mathematics a coherent, harmonious

world (Tester 1987: 233-5).

While it is generally wrong to conceive of the mathematici as modern

mathematicians, it is too simple to conceive of them merely as diviners or as astrologers or

astronomers. Indeed, at times mathematici and astrologi were differentiated, as at the

Council of Laodicaea in 364 or 367 (Tester 1987: 55). This differentiation comes at a time

when the Catholic Church was busy with the work of eliminating external access to the

divine. During this process, while the good or evil of astrology was debated, the inherent

evil in magic and magicians was widely held, and the mathematici often fell in with the

latter, as in 357 when Constantius counted as undesirable the mathematici, magi and other

diviners; and in 425 when Theodosius and Valentinian banished them (Tester 1987: 95).

71
INTRODUCTION

The fields of study of the Greek Academy comprised the Seven Liberal Arts (Gr.

X8gbhgD"4 JXP<"4; L. artes liberales). By the sixth century these were divided into two

groups: the trivium: grammar, rhetoric and dialectic; and the quadrivium: arithmetic,

geometry, music and astronomy (Tester 1987: 101; Burkert 1972:1-2). The division

represented the separation of grades of difficulty, and stages of instruction, a knowledge of

grammar, rhetoric and dialectic being necessary for the study of the other four (Tester 1987:

101-2). Grammar meant Latin grammar; rhetoric, the study of figures of speech, forms of

oratory, metrics and literary devices; and dialectic meant Aristotelian logic (Tester 1987:

102). As for the quadrivium, it was little studied either in antiquity or in the early Middle

Ages, but it was held in theory to be necessary for the proper understanding of the Scriptures.

Arithmetic was not concerned with calculation but with numbers. Geometry literally meant

earth-measurement and included both the mathematical geometry of Euclid as well as

geography, the description of the earth and its lands. Music did not concern the practice

of the art but theories of the harmony of the spheres. As for Astronomy astronomia or

astrologia though both names are used with little if any discrimination, in the earlier times

more emphasis was placed on the metaphysical aspect of the subject, while prior to the 12th

century the content is essentially the empirical study of the heavens, what we would call

astronomy (Tester 1987: 102-104). Though these seven liberal arts would eventually become

the ideal or theoretical curriculum of medieval universities, this was not a curriculum ever

studied as a whole by anyone, and other classifications of mathematics were numerous

(Tester 1987: 103-104). One such classification of mathematics, noticed by Etienne

72
INTRODUCTION

Montucla in his Histoire des mathematiques, vol. 4, was found in 16-18th century Europe

to comprise astronomy, theoretical and practical mechanics, optics and navigation (Huang

and Zurcher 1995: 177). This classification, similar to those found in Arab sources of the

10th and 11th centuries, clearly shows Arab influence, without which Modern Science could

not have developed, as mediaeval European interest in mathematics emerged from the

Muslim lands, Spain, and Sicily (Tester 1987: 149). At first, scholars drew from the old

Latin sources of Bothius, Martianus Capella, Cassiodorus, and Isidore of Seville but

gradually began to include the original works of the polymaths of Islam during the late

eleventh and the twelfth centuries (Tester 1987: 149).

It was the Arabs who were the keepers of the cultural heritage of the ancient Greeks.

Not only did they preserve the great works of Hellenistic polymaths the likes of Aristotle,

Aristoxenus, Euclid, Nicomachus, Ptolemy, and others, they translated these works into

Arabic, and so had ready access to the wealth of Greek knowledge at a time when Western

Europe had nothing by these Greek writers themselves except what could be gleaned from

the aforementioned Latin sources (Farmer 1932: 562-564). Great Arab scholars such as Al-

Frbi (L. Alpharabius, d. 950), Ibn Sn (L. Avicenna, d. 1037), and Ibn Rushd (L.

Averroes, 1126-98) took full advantage of these Greek works, mastered them, and then went

on to write original works in the sciences. These were translated into Latin and became the

text-books of the schools of Western Europe (Farmer 1932: 562-564).20

20
Some of the most outstanding of these treatises were by Al-Farabi (L. Alpharabius,
d. 950), 1. Ihs al-ulm (De scientiis); 2. [title unknown] (De ortu scientiarum); by Ibn
Sn (L. Avicenna, d. 1037), 1. Fl-nafs (De anima); 2. F taqsm al-hikma (De divisione

73
INTRODUCTION

In Arabic the genre evolved during the early centuries of Islamic science much as it

did in Europe. The term haya means astronomy in a general sense, but it has a more

specialized meaning as mathematical cosmology. In the 10th century al-nujm (science of

the stars) was used by Al-Frbi and others to include mathematical astronomy and astrology

(Ragep, vol. 1, 1993: 24; Saliba 1994: 66). The Ikhwn al-Saf, a tenth century group of

scholars based in Basra, used the term cilm al-haya (the science of haya) to designate a

certain branch of astronomy specifically identified with knowledge (macrifa) of the

arrangement of the orbs, their configuration (haya) and the configuration of the earth. For

Ibn Sn cilm al-haya replaced cilm al-nujm as the general term for the discipline.

Furthermore, the divinatory aspect of the genre, the astrological mode, was no longer

considered part of the genre (Ragep, vol. 1, 1993: 24-34).

Given the influence of Greek culture on the Arab world, it is not surprising that the

four subjects of the Arab academy would be the same as the Greek quadrivium or mathesis,

i.e., arithmetic, geometry, music, and astrology (Farmer 1925: 61). However, for practical

purposes, Arab theorists made classifications of their own. In his work, Ihsa al-ulum (de

scientiis [Classification of the sciences]), which was well-known in Europe, Al-Frbi (L.

Alpharabius, d. 950) classified mathematics (Ar. talm) as 1. Arithmetic (adad); 2.

Geometry (handasa); 3. Optics (manzir); 4. Astrology (nujm); 5. Music (msq); 6.

Statics (athql); and 7. Mechanics (hiyal). In this mathematics was part of a greater sixfold

scientiarum); and by Ibn Rushd (L. Averroes, 1126-98), Sharh fl-nafs li Aristtlis
(Commentarius in Aristotelis de anima [Farmer 1932: 561-562]).

74
INTRODUCTION

classification of the sciences: 1. Grammar (lisn); 2. Logic (mantiq); 3. Mathematics

(talm); 4. Natural Science (tab); 5. Divinity (ilah); and 6. Theology (kalm [Farmer

1932: 564-568]). The Ikhwn al-Saf classified mathematics as: arithmetic, geometry,

astrology, geography, music, and proportion; in the Mafth al-ul of Ab Abdallh al-

Khwrizm (d. c. 1000) the plan is: arithmetic, geometry, astrology, geography, music,

mechanics and chemistry (Farmer 1932: 564-568). To fit these more refined classifications

of mathematics, fields of specialization were quite narrow in Islam, even in its early

centuries. Titles given to mathematicians and astronomers include the terms riyd

(mathematician); hsib (calculator); muhandis and handas (engineer and geometrician

[representing the two aspects of earth-measurement]) and adad (arithmetician); falak

(astronomer); munajjim (astrologer), rsid (observer) and usturlb (astrolab/instrument

designer [Sayili 1960: 251]).

In China, although the influence between the scientific traditions of the Greeks and

Chinese is much more difficult to trace, the term shu mathematics (Mathews 5865) is

nonetheless similar to those of the Greeks, Arabs and mediaeval Europeans in its association

with the study of the heavens and its broad range of meanings. The term shu (Mathews

5865) refers to numbers, mathematics, counting. The discipline or branch of learning,

shushu (Mathew 5865, 5889) later known as shuxue/shu-hseh (Mathews 5865.c.4), referred

to what we now call mathematics, natural philosophy, numerology, divination, astronomy,

astrology, fengshui and music (Ho 2003: 2). A related term, li (Mathews 3930), as a verb

means to calculate and as a noun means the calendar. Calendrical science is lishu (Ho

75
INTRODUCTION

2003: 12). During the Han dynasty (206 BC AD 220), mathematics belonged to the six arts

of a gentleman, propriety and rites (li), music (yue), archery (she), charioteering or

horsemanship (yu), writing or calligraphy (shu), and mathematics (shu [Ho 2000: 55]). In

the way of specialization, during the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties a

government agency, the Office of Mathematics (suanguan/suan-kuan), was founded

specifically for training students in the practical matters requiring knowledge of

mathematical calculation, problems of irrigation, taxes, trade, and so on. However, great

Chinese mathematicians such as Yixing (683-727), Shen Gua (1031-1095), Qin Jiushao (fl.

1247) and Guo Shoujing (1231-1316) did not come from here. Rather, they were trained and

worked at a much more important office of the Chinese government, the Bureau of

Astronomy, the name and organization of which varied somewhat from dynasty to dynasty,

but which was consistently responsible for astronomical observations, the making of the

calendar, divination and the coordination of the times for appropriate ritual practice

(Libbrecht 1973: 5; Ho 1969: 137-157; 2000: 55, 82).

Returning now to the question of the genre in Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism,

mathematics (Mong. to(an-u uqa(an the science of numbers; Tib. rtsis-kyi rig-gnas the

science of numbers; S. jyotirvidy, astronomy,) is considered minor in the classification

of Buddhist sciences as follows: The five major sciences: 1. (Sanskrit) grammar; 2. medicine;

3. logic; 4. art or craftsmanship; 5. metaphysics. The five minor sciences are: 1.

mathematics; 2. poetics; 3. prosody; 4. synonymics and 5. drama (TEDP, 15; Mnkh-Ochir,

2000: 87). Under mathematics falls arithmetic, astronomy, calendar reckoning, astrology and

76
INTRODUCTION

divination (Schuh 1973: 12). Furthermore, it is said to belong to the realm of relative or

conventional reality (Mong. ina(ungki nen; Tib. kun rdzob bden pa; S. samvr}ti-satya) as

contrasted to ultimate reality or supreme truth (Mong. nemleki nen; Tib. don dam pa; S.

paramrtha). This is born out in the legend of the origin of mathematics in which, having

been unable to teach the ultimate truth in China, Buddha instructed Majur to awaken

peoples minds by means of mathematics (Cornu 1997: 39). The manual also makes this

point, as follows:

While those whom the aggregate of doctrines on supreme truth frees from
conceptualization do not strive in conceptualization to be counted as
individuals, those who do not yet understand . . . need conventional truth .
. . . Thus, Buddha, the Bodhisattvas, the god Majuri . . . have taught . . .
mathematics and the benefits of reckoning. (1v)

This relegation of mathematics with common knowledge under the rubric

conventional does not mean, however, that the focus of Buddhist mathematics is practical,

logical computation. On the contrary, mathematics, as has been seen, though comprised of

opposing aspects, physical and metaphysical, is ultimately unconventional in its methods,

language and objectives. The contradiction is explained by the concept of non-duality in

the Middle Way position of the Madhyamaka Buddhist school. As described by Liu in

Madhyamaka Thought in China, knowledge is said to be "non-dual" in that to merely render

a concept into binary opposites is bound to be tentative. This is clear in the term

mathematics which in its opposing aspects comprises three distinct concepts, metaphysics,

physics and both metaphysics and physics. For this reason the Middle Way distinguishes

between two truths, supreme and mundane, but understands concepts in terms of "three

77
INTRODUCTION

forms of two truths (Liu 1994: 39-52). In this analysis of knowledge in terms of three

forms of two truths, while in conventional terms mathematics contains both physical and

metaphysical aspects, in ultimate terms it is metaphysical. However, political and

philosophical reasons dictated that the scientific conception of knowledge, derived

empirically from the study of nature, should not be the supreme truth. As Liu describes,

after Buddhist teachers had minimized the significance of Prajpramit and Madhyamaka

or Middle Way schools in the late 5th century A.D., philosophers in the middle of the 6th

century AD were able to re-assimilate the important teachings of these schools by

transcending the parameters of mathematical metaphysics (Liu 1994: 82). They did so by

assigning "three forms of two truths" to that which was said to belong to the mundane realm,

when it had previously been associated with Supreme truth. This created an absolute

metaphysic of 1. Emptiness, 2. Non-duality of "existence" and "emptiness," 3. Neither

"duality" nor "non-duality," and 4. Non-difference of the three forms of two truths" out of

that which belongs to "Supreme Truth (Liu 1994: 151). In this way, Buddhist "four forms

of two truths" created a metaphysical realm that was beyond the binary coupling of physics

and metaphysics, or beyond the physical realm altogether and in so doing superceded

mathematics.

Nonetheless, even though mathematics is but a minor subject in the classification of

Buddhist sciences and at once removed from the doctrine of supreme truth, its influence is

inescapable. Ultimately, the perception of the nature of the universe, derived from the

empirical study of the heavens, fell under the domain of mathematics. Thus, mathematics

78
INTRODUCTION

determined Buddhist philosophy. Numerology shaped the abstract concepts of Buddhist

dharma, e.g., the four noble truths, the seven jewels of royal power, the twelve stages of

dependent origination, and so on. The almanac, determining of good and bad results, fixing

the circumstances of weddings, and a host of activities had direct influence over the lives of

common people. In modern times when Buddhism was all but annihilated in Mongolia, it

was services such as the drawing of natal horoscopes, the almanac, and ritual healing which

remained indispensable. In the late 19th century the missionaries Huc and Gabet recount their

meeting with two Mongols who, having had two horses stolen, ask them to draw their

horoscope, assuming that this was a function of all clergy (1928: 25-27). In the Middle Ages

their fellow priest, Odoric of Pordenone, makes a similar observation when he notes that

upon falling ill one goes to an astrologer or lama for tis the same (Yule 1967: 174-175).

In these ways mathematics has maintained its role in Buddhism as arbiter of divine

knowledge.

The influence of mathematics is inescapable in both Christianity and Islam as well,

even though the role of mathematics was much more severely restricted. This was especially

so in Christianity, where by the 8th century mathematical texts were all but eliminated from

libraries (Barton 1994: 70-80). This would begin to change in the 11th and 12th centuries at

least in part due to contact with Islam. Here mathematics, through the influence of Greek

culture, played a more prominent role, but even so, though perhaps more deterministic in

outlook than the Christian church, Islamic monotheism left no room for stellar fatalism, and

the arguments of al-Frb (d.950), Ibn Sn (d. 1037) and others against mathematics

79
INTRODUCTION

followed very closely with those of Christian theologians such as St. Augustine (Tester,

1987: 151, 157). But in these traditions as well the power of mathematics was irrevocable.

Copernicus notion of a solar system was greater than all the worldly power of the Catholic

church to quell it.

If knowledge is power, that which controls time and space holds ultimate authority.

As it was mathematics that controlled time and space, it posed an inherent threat to

government, religion or any other establishment. Thus, in the early 20th century, when

Heisenberg and Bohr were making their case for the uncertainty principle at a conference in

Belgium, Einstein, realizing its rhetorical implications, rejected the principle not on empirical

grounds but as an attempt to destroy determinism (Denis 1996: 153-164). Since 1967 atomic

clocks have redefined time away from the movements of the planets, such that one second

is now known as the duration of 9,192,631,77020 particular oscillations within a cesium

133 atom. However, that second, sixty to the minute, is derived ultimately from an ancient

Mesopotamian system based on the movements of Jupiter and Saturn (Macey 1989 20).

To sum up, Buddhist mathematics in its relation to pre-modern Western mathematics

and the mathematical traditions of Eurasia is similar to those previously described not only

in name, but in that it entails a much wider scope than modern mathematics, is intrinsically

linked to astrology, comprises both metaphysical and physical aspects, of which it is the

metaphysical that is predominant, and in metaphysics is linked to apotropaic medicine, ritual,

and magic. It brings order from chaos through the creation of the conventions of time, and

so not only plays a vital role in government, but in a restricted sense remains the dominant

80
INTRODUCTION

discourse in the determination of reality in spite of changing classifications and conflicts

inherent in its own contradictory nature and then, historically, with religion. What is more,

the relationship between Buddhist mathematics and the other aforementioned traditions, as

has be seen in the discussion of the manuals influences, was not only one of natural affinity,

but of shared knowledge.

The natural affinity between Buddhist mathematics and the other scientific traditions

of Eurasia should not be overlooked, for in the contradiction implicit in the concept of

Buddhist mathematics, Greek mthma, and the others, we see a universal quality of the

language of knowledge, repressed in the rhetoric of Modern Science, which abhors

contradiction, and that is, as the Buddhist discussion of the three forms of two truths

demonstrates, the notion of knowledge is inherently tentative and unstable, as is the order it

creates. In this the evolution of terms of knowledge: mathematics, astrology, astronomy, and

science is not due solely to progress, but simply out of an endless begetting of terms,

whereby the one begets two, the two beget three, and the three beget a myriad of terms all

in the struggle to preserve the foundation of knowledge against a rhetorical vortex pulling

it back to chaos.

First principles

The erasure of mathematics from the history of Western civilization has left it broken

into pieces that are studied individually but which, taken out of proper context, are not well

81
INTRODUCTION

understood. Astrology is often portrayed as passing fancy, a prelude to science. The Golden

Bough of James Frazer and Lynn Thorndikes History of Magic and Experimental Science

are painstakingly gathered treasure troves of the various aspects, facets, and nuances of

magic, but though these authors clearly knew magic when they encountered it, they never

define it. What is far worse has been the treatment of ritual. In the early days of

anthropology, at the turn of the twentieth century, the language of ritual was discussed in

terms of evolution, not only of science, but of the species and now tends to be discussed in

what are referred to as emic terms, that is, to culturally specific categories, without the

etic emphasis on universals.21

This is most unfortunate for in avoiding universals, scholars will never know

mathematics. O. Neugebauer, as skeptical as any scholar of attempts to reach synthesis

and convinced that specialization is the only basis of sound knowledge, wrote that even so,

in the study of astrology, ancient mathematics one is compelled to the universal, synthetic,

by the nature of the thing itself(Neugebauer 1968: vii). As it is the specific function of

mathematics to form order from chaos, mathematics faces the void so that philosophers

who perceive no inherent or objective reality, dont have to. Whether the void is

ultimately real or merely imaginary is another issue, but, in terms of phenomenon, the void

is the one true quality of nature. It is commonly referred to as primordial chaos, for there has

always been an order set against it. However, just because order exists, does not mean that

21
For the evolutionary theory, see the works of Lucien Lvy-Bruhl, in particular, How
Natives Think, 1985. Some emic theorists are F. Boaz, Husserl, L. Wittgenstein, and M.
Heidegger.

82
INTRODUCTION

the void goes away forever. The void surrounds us always. Though within the womb of

culture we are shielded from the void and so it appears not to exist, step outside that

protective fold and there it is. When the storm is on the ocean and the ship is sinking, all

distinction between air and water is lost. When you are drowning you can not see fish.

When you are lost in the forest there are no birds or trees or rocks, all is one and

undifferentiated. This is the void. This is what mathematics must tame.

For mathematics, as for any individual, the only way to do so is by arbitrarily fixing

a point any point will do. By fixing an arbitrary point one perceives an endless array of

distinct points. But there is no rationality. Rationality comes by conceiving of a universal.

In this, the movement of the sun from point to point, sunrise, sunset, sunrise, sunset, is

universal. The full moon is universal. The movements of the planets and the stars are

universal. By these successive points the parameters of a rational universe come into focus,

a time and space continuum in three dimensions.

In this transformation from one and undifferentiated to multiplicity and order, it is

the arbitrary term that is crucial, for without some arbitrary action on the part of the observer,

there is no knowledge. All remains chaos. Yet, all is not arbitrary, for through the arbitrary

one finds objective reality, the universals which lead to rationality. Hence, it is the arbitrary

term that links order and chaos inextricably, symbiotically. And so, through language,

society, culture and so on, arbitrary elements are passed from one to another and from

generation to generation. These are essential to forming the matrix of rational order into

which we are born. In the light of the rationality afforded by the matrix around him, the

83
INTRODUCTION

philosopher looks at his world and seeing only the arbitrary terms, says there are no

universals. To the extent that we share conceptions in common with others, he says that we

can be said to have merely reached an agreement as to the nature of the phenomenal world.

But he does not see that without universals, the very rationality by which he repudiates

universals could not exist and that what we share with others everywhere is, if not universals,

then the void.

To understand Buddhist mathematics, not only is an absolute standard necessary, but

manifest in the nature of mathematics, itself. The way to understand Buddhist mathematics

is through the problem of reckoning time, the making of the calendar. Whether this is the

absolute standard for understanding every knowledge system everywhere and always is

debatable, though it is intuitive that this might be so. However, when it comes to Buddhist

mathematics and the mathematical traditions of Eurasia, this problem and its influence on

rhetoric is shared. We see it in the writings of sages who tell us outright that the creation of

order from chaos comes through time (Sivin 1976: 514). But we see it most certainly in that

perfect knowledge, the ability of prediction and retrodiction, is represented in mathematics

as the product of the perfection of time, that is, knowledge of the positions of bodies in

conjunction.

Calendrical science consists of reckoning three naturally reoccurring cycles, the day,

month (about 29.5 days) and year (about 365.25 days or 12.3 months). As these are

incommensurate with each other the problem of the calendar maker is to find a multiple in

days (the shortest natural cycle and hence the prime unit of measure) of both the month and

84
INTRODUCTION

the year. As Libbrecht explains in his monograph on Chinese mathematics, if a day has

duration D, month duration L, and year duration Y, the general problem is as follows:

suppose that at a certain moment there have passed a total amount of days plus a remainder

(r1), a total amount of months plus a remainder (r2), a total amount of years plus a remainder

(r3); there is to be found a certain moment when r1 = r2 = r3 = 0(Libbrecht 1973: 368). The

problem is exacerbated by the fact that the remainders can not be determined precisely by any

absolute measure. The measure of time by the gnomon, a stick planted in the ground,

measures the movement of the suns shadow back and forth along the span, marked by

equally spaced intervals, hours. These units are variable, meaning there is no place or season

at which the shadow lengths occur at equal intervals of time as measured by a water-clock

or clepsydra, which is derived from making a bowl of such size that given a hole in the

bottom it will fill with water in the period approximating the mean average of all the hour

units along the gnomon over the course of a year (Fleet 1915: 213-215; Stone 1981: 182;

Neugebauer 1947: 37-43). When measured by the gnomon the hour is defined by the

occasion or moment the shadow reaches the mark. When measured by the clepsydra the hour

is defined by the duration it takes to fill the bowl. Because these two measurements are

apparently incommensurate, the gnomon, commonly used to measure time during the day,

is said to define a true or apparent representation of time, whereas a clock, commonly used

to measure time during the night, defines a mean or abstract representation (Falk 2000:

109). While time appears in nature to exist from the conjunction of opposing bodies in

succession, that interval, as a unit of time, is incommensurate with any unit given by a system

85
INTRODUCTION

in which time is absolute. Thus, when it comes to determining the position of one celestial

body in relation to another, for instance, the sun and the moon, one cannot find a time

constant which would forever show the relationship between the opposing bodies in terms

of their position. Rather the apparent position of the two leaves not only a remainder in

terms of time measured by a clock, but a remainder that is apparently irrational, that is,

regresses to infinity. The question mathematicians face is which of these two ways of

measuring time is ultimate, that is, reflects the ultimate state of nature? Are the apparently

irrational remainders due to the grossness of their instruments or is this simply the way of

nature, itself, and the precision of their measurements irrelevant?

Those who believe that the universe is ultimately determinate hold that the problem

can be solved if the method of computation is sufficiently refined. All that is needed is the

perfect clock. To them the ultimate method of measuring time is in terms of duration. For

them time means duration. Those who believe that the universe is ultimately indeterminate,

take the measure of time according to the gnomon as ultimate. To them time is ultimately

instantaneous.

From this fundamental perception of the nature of the universe, everything follows.

If the remainders are not ultimately irrational, then the universe is rational. It is finite, with

width and breadth, beginning and end, all of which may be objectively measured. It is

logical, that is, there are not two incommensurate ways of telling time at the same time, but

only one, absolute time, duration. The instant is but an atomic unit of duration. The universe

is mechanical, that is, it functions according laws of physics, which can be known. The

86
INTRODUCTION

system which holds this view of the nature of the universe can be said to be optimistic, in

that at the end of the pursuit of knowledge will come a perfect state of harmony with nature,

utopia. Such a system is progress-minded, and dead set against tradition, the arbitrary terms

passed down from generation to generation out of ignorance of the laws of nature. The void,

to the optimist, is but imaginary. There is no such thing as chance. There is no such thing

as free will. There is only perfect moral order.

If the remainders are ultimately irrational, then the universe is ultimately irrational.

It is infinite, that is, it cannot be known by finite measure. It is contradictory, not logical, that

is, at any given time every one thing may be known dually, in two opposing, incommensurate

ways. How one sees, in terms of the instant or in terms of duration, is merely subjective.

Time is relative, interdependent with space and the point of view of the observer. The instant

is literally metaphysical, that is, beyond measure or the laws of physics. The system which

holds this view of the nature of the universe can be said to be nihilistic, in that at the end of

the pursuit of knowledge comes no fulfillment to ones quest. Such a system is stasis-

oriented, tradition-minded. The void is real. Causation is paradoxical, but ultimately

random. Chance presupposes free will.

It should be noted, these merely logical, empirical implications have a limited utility

in understanding the intellectual history of any people, let alone their political history.

Institutions and philosophies are more complex. A philosophy derived from the problem of

time meets numerous obstacles which reveal its limitations. For instance, in order to be true

to the notion of a rational universe, the philosopher would have to deny the existence of the

87
INTRODUCTION

circle, for pi is an irrational number. This, in fact, is easy to do as all geometric figures, the

point, line, plane and so on, are imaginary, ideal, not found in nature. However, in doing so

the philosopher is forced to say the earth is flat. As it is, the concept of pi does not stem

directly from the problem of time. It stems from number theory. The subject at hand has

two/three names, astrology/astronomy, which imply a basis in time and the stars, and

mathematics, which implies a basis in number. The great Khwarizmian polymath, Al-Brni

(c. 973-1048), who in his travels in India met with the notion that the instant is infinite,

duration finite, quoted a Greek notion that limitation applies to the instant, not duration, for

a thing which can be numbered is finite, while duration is infinite (Sachau 1971: 319). For

Al-Brni the basis is again number, not the empirical study of the movements of celestial

bodies according to a gnomon versus a clock, and so he derives a completely contradictory

notion of infinity. Logic for logics sake yields only such oppositions. We can know

everything, or we can know nothing. If reality is somewhere in between, it is completely

lost. Indeed these nihilistic and deterministic arguments are precisely that upon which

Buddha refused to give a definite opinion, the two extremes he warned monks to avoid (Liu

1994: 7-9). Nonetheless, even though the problem of time is limited to its logical utility, as

the key to the study of mathematics, it is a proper litmus for examining knowledge systems,

for the problem of time is empirical in nature, historically relevant, and so may be used,

indeed must be used, as the best possible standard by which to study the scientific traditions

of different peoples.

88
INTRODUCTION

Structure of the Manual

Indeterminancy

As for the structure of the manual, it makes reference to the point of view by which

it was composed as follows:

If one were to say that the tenets found in edicts, those of Nagarjuna and of
the other supreme sages are different from [what is taught here], it is because
it was taught in the sutras that in times of calamity the sun and moon will lose
their way [among the stars], but the weather of the years, months and quarter
hours will agree (4r).

This statement overtly refers to the distinction between sidereal and tropical points of view.

From a sidereal perspective, due to the precession of the equinoxes, the sun and moon lose

their way from time to time, but even so from a tropical perspective, the seasons remain the

same. It is in essence a statement of deterministic chaos. However, underlying this in reply

to the question why do these systems vary? is the view that the cause of the discrepancy

between calculation and nature is due to nature and not the calculations. In this, the manual

expresses the point of view that the ultimate nature of the universe is indeterminate.

This point of view is common not only in Buddhist sources, but in Chinese

mathematics as well. When asked why the sages cannot discover computational constants

precise enough to be used forever, the famous Han dynasty mathematician, Jia Kui, in AD

92 explains, the Celestial Way being irregular, lacking uniformity, there are bound to be

89
INTRODUCTION

remainders. These remainders will have their own disparities, which cannot be made

uniform (Sivin1986: 157-158).

This is in contrast to the deterministic point of view as given in Ptolemys

Tetrabiblos:

The more observant farmers and herdsmen, indeed, conjecture, from the
winds prevailing at the time of impregnation and of the sowing of the seed,
the quality of what will result. . . . Things that are not of so general a nature,
however, are comprehended by those who have by necessity become used to
making observations, as, for instance, sailors know the special signs of storms
and winds that arise periodically by reason of the aspects of the moon and
fixed stars to the sun. Yet because they cannot in their ignorance accurately
know the times and places of these phenomena, nor the periodic movements
of the planets . . . . it happens that they often err. If, then, a man knows
accurately the movements of all the stars, the sun, and the moon, so that
neither the place nor the time of any of their configurations escapes his notice
. . . . what is to prevent him from being able to tell on each given occasion the
characteristics of the air . . . . Why can he not, too, with respect to an
individual man, perceive the general quality of his temperament from the
ambient at the time of his birth . . . ? (Ptolemy 1980: 10-12)

Time

In keeping with the notion of an indeterminate universe, in the manual time tends to

be represented in its true or apparent aspect, that is, known by a gnomon or sun dial, not

a clock, such that events tend to be defined by the instant or moment of their occurrence and

not their duration. The prominence of this point of view is well-documented in Buddhist

sources, which, maintain that it is the instantaneous quality of time not duration that

indicates the ultimate nature of the universe. Indeed, to Buddhists the instantaneousness of

being is the ultimately real thing; the only thing in the universe which is a non-construction,

90
INTRODUCTION

a non-fiction, the real basis of all constructions (Stcherbatsky 1958: 79-114, esp., 106). This

is in contrast to the prominence of the concept of absolute time in Western civilization prior

to the works of people such as Einstein, Bohr and Heisenberg. In A Brief History of Time

Stephen Hawking notes this as follows:

Both Aristotle and Newton believed in absolute time. That is, they believed
that one could unambiguously measure the interval of time between two
events, and that this time would be the same whoever measured it, provided
they used a good clock. Time was completely separate from and independent
of space. (18)

In the manual reference to the day, month, year, units of time, and so on, is given in

terms of uiral (occasion), tokiyaldul (coincidence) and interval (a(ur-a), as in the passage,

"In the interval [of the second month] the hawk will mate (9r). The measure of time is

according to a stick, the gnomon, referred to in the manual as dolo(an qubi-tu modun (stick

with seven portions). The term for the instant is gan, a Sanskrit term, kshana, which comes

to the Mongols via Uygur (Lessing 388). It is defined in the manual as, "the time it takes an

arrow shot by a marksman to pierce a leaf" (5r). The term is used in connection with another

term, the da(un "sound," which is defined as the sound which is emitted by the act of the

arrow piercing the leaf. It is equal to the length of the act itself (5r). There is a difference

in the two terms in that the latter is associated with duration, while the former remains

unqualified. Whether these two terms are given in this was to represent the distinction

between instant and duration is not explicit, but likely. The issue remains uncertain in that

various sects within Buddhism argued whether the empirical reality of the instant was valid

or not and about how it should be expressed. In the Abhidharmakoa, for instance, a realistic

91
INTRODUCTION

or pluralistic work of the early Abhidharmika school, the instant is defined only in terms of

duration. It is the limit of time and quantified as follows: According to the

Abhidharmikas, there are sixty-five instants in the time that it takes a healthy man to snap

his fingers (Vasubandhu, v. 2, 1988: 474). Even so, in Abhidharma Buddhist philosophy

as well as in later absolutist systems, the Madhyamika and those which stem from it, the

kshana is said to be understood as both a measure of time, the brief moment, on the one

hand and as the moment without duration on the other. This moment without duration is

described by Braj Sinha as the ideal condition of freedom or transcendence.22 The

Mongols of Ordos around the time this manual appears to have been written followed the

tradition of the Gomang School of the Bras-spungs monastery, founded by Jam-yang-zhad-

pa (1648-1722).23 If a definitive answer to this question can be reached, perhaps it is in the

tenets of this tradition.

Reckoning of time by water clock, usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui (counting the days by

water [i.e., a water clock]) is referred to tangentially in the manual as one of numerous ways

of making an intercalary month (3v). Also, time is conceived of as cyclical rather than the

linear conception of the Greeks. The system, based on the Chinese sexagenary cycle

comprised of ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches, often used to count years, and

22
For a discussion of the kshana for the Abhidharmika school see Braj M. Sinha, p.
3. For references to the term in Buddhist schools in general, see Stcherbatsky pp. 108-110
and Kloetzli, pp. 137-155.
23
Stcherbatsky states All Mongolia follows the tradition of the Gomang School
(57).

92
INTRODUCTION

days, months, in the manual counts months and hours. Hypothetically, these cycles nest, ever

increasing, ever decreasing, all the way up, and down, to infinity.24

Finally, time is relative. The manual states that whereas the interval between the

breaths of an ignorant commoner is four seconds, for the gods, the interval is 360 times

longer or 24 minutes. This follows an Indian custom in which the time of the gods is 360

times longer than that of man; thus one sidereal year is a day and a night to the gods (Burgess

1859: 152; Stone 1981: 52-53). Relative time and especially time of the gods is

commonplace in antiquity. For the Hindus the day of Brahma equals 1,000 yogas or four

eons (Macey 1989: 43). Psalm 90 in the Bible reads, For a thousand years in [Gods] sight

are but as yesterday when it is past, or as a watch in the night. St. Augustine, following a

Jewish tradition, took this passage out of context, applied it to the creation story in Genesis

in which the world is created in seven days to reckon the world was not more than 6,000

years old, by his reckoning, 5611 years from creation to the taking of Rome by the Goths.25

It should be noted that in China, where mathematics is very ancient and diverse, not

everyone agreed with the idea of astronomical indeterminancy (Sivin1986: 157-158). Nor

in Buddhism. Realists raised an objection that if the point-instant cannot be known by

physical means, it must be nothing but a construction in thought, a mere name without any

24
Concerning the Chinese system, Schipper and Wang state that in Chinese thought
the universe is apprehended as an infinity of nesting time cycles which may be manipulated
as though they were interchangeable (1986: 185; cf. also Sivin 1986: 152).
25
Another example is James Usshers 17th century retrodiction of genesis to 9:00 a.m.,
October 23, 4004 BC (Macey 1989: 48-50).

93
INTRODUCTION

corresponding reality. The orthodox response to this was that the mathematical point-instant

is real since it is established in science. The astronomer makes it the basis of all his

computations (Stcherbatsky 1958: 106). Likewise in the West and in Islam not all agreed

that time is absolute. In his theory of relativity, published at the beginning of the 20th

century, Albert Einstein used experiments to demonstrate the true or apparent nature of

time. Shortly thereafter, Heisenbergs uncertainty principle disproved the basis of Western

determinism.

Nonetheless, time is regarded by modern physicists and the ancient sages alike as the

basis for the most influential and deep-seeded ideas in society (Sivin 1976: 514). As a

dominant discourse, the absolute distinction between the perception of time as instant and

time as duration lives on in the languages and cultures of peoples. In English the word

time, depending on context, can be used to refer either to time as instant or time as

duration. This conflation of meanings occurs as well in the case of the Mongolian word for

time, a(. However, in context time cannot mean both instant and duration at the

same time, but must stand for one or the other. In English if one says, I have no time, the

meaning is that one is very busy. In modern Khalkha Mongolian the phrase yamar ch tsag

baikhgui (I have no time), means that one is not busy. This is because whereas in English

time is perceived ultimately in terms of duration, in Mongolian a(, implies an occasion

or instant. The literal meaning of Mongolian a( is hour, and so another translation of the

phrase above would be the hour (to do something else) is not yet upon me. In Mongolian

leisure is defined instead by space, ilge.

94
INTRODUCTION

In another example, if one were to ask the age of a Mongolian person, one would find

that the Mongolian person is a year older than a person from the West born on the same date.

To ask a Mongol why this is so, the common answer is that a certain kei il air or empty

year passes before one is born because the child spends almost one year in the womb.

This, however, likely refers to the ten month lunar year, which was associated with the term

of pregnancy not only in Middle Mongolian sources (Rybatzki 2003: 260), but also in

Chinese culture as well,26 for nine months does not make a solar year, nor approximate one

closely. Rather, the varying ways of counting, either from the moment of the childs birth,

or from the first anniversary of the childs birth, reflect the perception of the ultimate nature

of time as instant or duration, for if one counts age in terms of the instant or occasion, the

moment of the childs birth is the first year. It is common practice to mark the childs birth

with a nativity showing the positions of the planets at the time of birth. If one counts age in

terms of duration, the childs first year is her first anniversary. It is common practice to

indicate the time of the childs birth by the time on a clock. This difference is sometimes

described as inclusive versus exclusive and ultimately arbitrary. However, knowing that the

two approaches are incommensurate with corresponding rhetorical implications that follow,

clearly it is not arbitrary.

Space

26
The Greco-Roman calendar also had ten lunar months, associated with the period
of human gestation (Macey 1989: 29).

95
INTRODUCTION

While time in the manual is true or apparent, position is abstract, derived through

numerical sequencing in the following ways: 1) according to the twelve animals of the

Chinese zodiac (see table IV.19). Here the deity itgen eke is said to reside in the Cock

place, during the first month of the year, the Ox place during the second month, and so

on (see table IV.8a.2). 2) Relative position. The twenty-eight Hindu nakshatra are divided

such that seven are said to be in the east, seven in the south, and so on. These are arranged

according to their relative position in the sky. It does not account for their movement across

the sky over the course of the year. Nor does it account for the precession of the equinoxes.

Rather, their orientation is fixed in a traditional way beginning with Kerteg (S. Kr}ttik~), the

Pleiades, in ascendent in the east at the time of the vernal equinox. This arrangement would

have been correct at about 2300 B.C. but not possible after 1800 B.C. 3) Pattern. The

position of the stars and planets, themselves metaphysical beings more than celestial bodies,

is determined by pattern. For instance, Tayisui (Ch. Taisui), the Chinese year star, Jupiter,

is described as moving in a consistent pattern over the course of a year, but at an inconsistent

interval from month to month. Beginning in the south, it remains for three months, then

moves clockwise to the west, where it remains for three months; then it moves on to the

north, and spends the final three months of the year in the east. This is not the way a celestial

body moves. Indeed Tayisui is not so much a celestial body as it is a demon or spirit.

Chinese Taisui, the year star, as yin, a counterpart to the planet Jupiter, yang, is said to have

originated in the Warring States period (475-221 BC) when mathematicians, noticing the

96
INTRODUCTION

irregularities of the movement of Jupiter, sometimes progressing, sometimes stationary and

sometimes retrograding, invented an imaginary Counter-Jupiter to move uniformly in the

opposite direction from east to west. At that time the stations of Jupiter were used in the

calendar to denote the year, but because of its uniformity, it was convenient to use the

position of Counter-Jupiter for this purpose instead. Due to the precession of the equinoxes

and the sidereal period of Jupiter being 11.86 instead of the perfect 12 years, as the true

Jupiter cycle would fall out of harmony with Counter-Jupiter, every 84.7 years or so, it would

be said that Counter-Jupiter by-passed a station. In this the movement of Counter-Jupiter,

as opposed to true Jupiter was perfect in its abstraction. Eventually, after Jupiter-stations

were no longer used in the making of the calendar, the movement of Counter-Jupiter (still

found in Chinese almanacs even today), being an imaginary planet, bore no relation to the

movement of planet Jupiter whatsoever. Its position became a mere pattern, an occult

doppelgnger (Ch. xuanxiang/hsan hsiang [Ho 2003: 32-33; Major 1993: 41; Schafer 1977:

3]).27

These abstract representations of position belie the common view that astrologers

used the empirical positions of the planets to discern the fate of human beings.28 In fact, in

27
About this time, a Pythagorean mathematician in Greece, Philolaus of Tarentum (c.
480-400 BC), in order to make the number of heavenly bodies conform to the perfect number
ten, invented a counter-earth. In his scheme the sun, moon, earth, five planets, the sphere
of stars and counter-earth all revolved around a central fire. The central fire and
counter-earth were hidden, he explained because the face of the earth inhabited by men
was always turned away from them (Ho 2000: 6).
28
Tester, for instance, defines astrology as the interpretation and prognostication of
events on earth, and of mens characters and dispositions from the measurement and plotting

97
INTRODUCTION

general, it is just the opposite. Astrologers use an abstract, non-empirical determination of

the planets' position to perform divination. Besides Buddhist mathematics, this is found,

though not uniformly, in Chinese, Indian, Turkish and Old Babylonian mathematics as well.29

It was Stoic philosophers in the 3rd century B.C. who, from a deterministic point of

view by which such contradictory methods of prediction were seen as false, adopted a new

system of astrology in which they would attempt to use the actual positions of the planets to

make predictions.30 What seems to have spurred the Greeks to this notion were advances in

computational mathematics, in particular, geometry. Not only did geometry give them

greater ability to compute position, its requisite for proof validated the notion of a logical

universe. In squaring the circle, doubling the cube, and so on, mathematical logic and

of the movements and relative positions of the heavenly bodies, of the stars and planets,
including among the latter the sun and moon (Tester 1987: 11).
29
In Chinese mathematics, where there is great diversity in systems, there was a
considerable effort to incorporate true positions of celestial bodies into the predictions of
chance events. The common practice for divination was motion prevails over color, color
over position, holding position over lack of position; color over absence of color (Schafer
1977: 64). However, in practice it was the abstract qualities of bodies, their element, color,
direction and so on, that were used to make predictions (Sivin 1969: 3-4; Shigeru 1966: 446-
449). In ancient Mesopotamia, omina, predictions do not depend on celestial observation at
all. Moreover, prediction is conceived of as qualitatively different from empirical work.
While astrologers predictions might have been ridiculed, no evidence shows Mesopotamian
scholars ever tried to verify the results of the predictions with experiments (Koch-
Westenholz 1995: 13-21; Rochberg-Halton 1988: 4).

30
What is usually meant when speaking of the movement of the stars is their diurnal
motions, plotting where they are day by day. Mathematical ability for the observation of the
proper motions of the celestial bodies was not discovered until the time of Edmund Halley
(18th century [Neugebauer, vol. 1, 1975: 1-4; Bobrovnikoff 1990: x]).

98
INTRODUCTION

deductive proof go beyond what is perceptible. This carried Greek geometry far beyond its

predecessors (Burkert 1972: 423). By Platos time geometric mathematics was already so

developed, it had begun to threaten nihilism as the dominant discourse in mathematics

(Burkert 1972: 427).

The astrological system developed by the Greeks in which the actual positions of the

planets are taken into account is known today in technical terms as genethlialogical

astrology.31 Commonly the system is known as the horoscope (though the term

"horoscope" is a misnomer as the term actually refers to the ascendant). It is the form of

astrology commonly practiced in the West today. In his Tetrabiblos, the most famous Stoic

astrologer, Ptolemy, makes clear the distinction between this new mathematics and that of

indeterminate systems, as follows:

"What can be properly comprehended we shall investigate, not by means of

numbers (where no account of causes can be given) but through the proper
observing of the configurations of the stars with relation to their houses."
(Tester 1987: 65)

This passage, though perhaps some 1600 years older, rejects the very qualities which

characterize the manual.32 What this passage means is that, considering it actually possible

to determine ones fate according to the position of the planets, we no longer make up those

31
Genethlialogical astrology probably came to the Greeks from the Chaldeans.
Tradition has it Berosus brought it in the 4th century B.C. Cf. Tester, p. 16. For the
Babylonians the empirical position of the planets was not used in their celestial divination.
The planets were given as malefic or benefic. Cf. Rochberg, p. 10.
32
Ptolemys Tetrabiblos was known in China from the Tang period (Schafer 1977:
11).

99
INTRODUCTION

positions artificially through divination, but empirically, through observation and

computation.

In the astrology of the Stoics the positions of the stars could not yet be determined

such that they would render perfect knowledge (nor have they ever been so determined). For

this reason the new system was by no means understood to be perfect. Ptolemy, himself,

notes this in Tetrabiblos (Ptolemy 1980: 3-19). Thus, in practice genethlialogical astrology

reverts back to divination, pure and simple. However in rhetoric, this had at least two

important implications. First, it denied free will. Second, it rejected the inherent

contradiction between the metaphysical and physical modes of mathematics, and thus,

opened the methods of divining mathematicians to a scrutiny they could not bear, verification

through experiment. If the universe is ultimately determinate and the function of the

astrologer is to give accurate predictions, then the idea of "perfect" predictions implies

improvement of the astrologer's methods. Thus, a common claim of astrologers in a

deterministic system was that, although what they were attempting was possible, their

methods simply were not yet perfected. For this reason they would tend to abandon old

methods in favor of new ones (Geneva 1995: xvi). Ironically, Ptolemy wrote the passage

cited above in his Tetrabiblos, which is more astrology-oriented in its subject matter than

his other, more famous work, the astronomy-minded Almagest. While keeping these two

works distinct is sometimes attributed to Ptolemy's good sense, the distinction is also in

keeping with an established tradition throughout the ancient world of separating the two

100
INTRODUCTION

astrological modes, empirical and non-empirical, a tradition his new approach doomed to end

in Western civilization.

To be sure, the practice of divination according to the true positions of celestial

bodies is known in both Chinese mathematics and the star calculation system (Tib. skar-rtsis)

of Buddhist mathematics, which derives from the deterministic system of the Greeks (TEDP,

415; Cornu 1997: 127). Thus, one might assume that the reason the manual uses abstract

representation and not the empirical positions of the ephemeridae in making predictions is

simply due to an authors ignorance of the ability to empirically calculate those positions.

However, there are other factors to consider. The abstract representation of position found

in the manual is commonplace in Buddhist divination manuals. The celestial bodies are

perceived not as physical entities but as metaphysical, occult, or supernatural. Moreover, if

one does not maintain that the universe is deterministic nor time absolute as is typically the

case in Buddhism, then there is no reason to believe that the positions of the ephemeridae can

be perfectly determined such that the fate of man might ever be known (Cornu 1997: 45-46).

Most importantly, stellar determinism denies freewill. These factors indicate that the abstract

representation of position is likely intentional and inherent to the rhetoric of the system.

Physics and Metaphysics

Although the manual tends to be a metaphysical representation of the universe, it also

describes physical processes. For example, it describes the motion of the sun throughout the

101
INTRODUCTION

course of a year, noting the solstices and the equinoxes and commensurate changes in the

amount of daylight and darkness from month to month. It notes changes in the weather and

biological processes such as the season certain plants bloom, the time fish mate, when birds

migrate, the month the tiger bears its young.

In so doing, it takes what in Buddhism is known as a non-dual approach to the

question of the interrelationship between the physical and metaphysical realms. Given two

incommensurate ways of seeing the universe, in terms of the metaphysical instant and in

terms of physical duration, every one thing can be known in two opposing ways. However,

assuming that the remainders are due to the nature of the universe and not computation, then

it is the metaphysical aspect that predominates. In this duality is conceived of differently

from an indeterminate point of view than from the deterministic point of view. For the

determinist, things are either one or another, male or female, positive or negative. From an

indeterminate point of view, as born out by the concepts of yin and yang, things are both

positive and negative at the same time. That aspect of the thing which is positive is both

positive and negative. That which is positive of that which is positive has both positive and

negative aspects and so on to infinity, such that every one thing is, in a sense, a universe

within a universe. It is only the condition at a given time, the occasion, which determines

which of the binaries is valid.

One implication of this difference in the perception of duality is reflected in the

conception of specialization and the branches of knowledge. In an indeterminate system, the

institution of mathematics divides into two branches, one representing the metaphysical

102
INTRODUCTION

aspect of the universe, the other representing the physical aspect. However, these two

branches are not distinct, but, rather, interrelate, so that both the system and its two branches

are each a microcosm of the universe. Their scope ranges a continuum from chaos to order.

Thus, if each branch is a microcosm of the whole, each branch has both a physical and

metaphysical aspect, so that one branch can only be distinguished from another, as physical

or metaphysical, by a tendency or bent to that extreme. Ultimately, however, as it is the

metaphysical representation of time that is perceived to reveal the true nature of the universe,

the rhetoric of mathematics is metaphysical.

When it comes to specialization this non-dual organization of mathematics takes

on an unusual appearance. As such, knowledge associated with the system tends to be an

unconventional knowledge distinct from common knowledge.33 Because of this distinction

there is a tendency to confuse the common knowledge of a people with the knowledge given

in their scientific literature, as if the scientific literature represents the pinnacle of the

people's learning. Thus it is assumed the people must have been extremely ignorant of the

physical world. Consequently, we are continually amazed to find archeological evidence that

ancient peoples actually knew the physical world well in terms of vital processes, chemical

interactions, mechanical functions, and so on. This is because knowledge of this kind was

conventional and need have nothing to do with mathematics, which, even in empirical

33
In making the distinction between knowledge and transcendent knowledge or non-
knowledge Buddhist texts refer to knowledge as that which belongs to an ignorant
commoner (M. bertegin kbegn). See Liu 1994: 39-52.

103
INTRODUCTION

studies, dealt with unconventional subjects, such as the positions of the planets and lists of

stars.34

Thus, while it is the physical realm and its challenges that require specialization, as

the branches of knowledge are ultimately metaphysical and represented as such, in this

metaphysical aspect, there is no apparent difference between the branches of knowledge. In

this way divination is the basis for every specialist. In the same way, genres dovetail into one

another. The study of the stars interrelates with the study of medicine, for the stars are gods

and demons (gods dovetail with demons), and gods and demons cause illness. Medicine and

magic dovetail, for illness is caused and cured by magic. Magic dovetails with ritual, and

so on.

Contradiction

What divides metaphysics from physics is contradiction pure and simple. In the

manual contradiction is implicit in numerous ways. In one example, the twenty-eight

nakshatra are systematized five different ways according to their element. The elements

themselves are both the five elements predominant in Chinese mathematics and the four

elements predominant in Indian and Western mathematics. Each systematization is different.

Throughout the manual, there is no one express technology for any problem. There are

34
As Sivin says, linking alchemy with chemistry only causes confusion. The aim of
the effort was not knowledge but transcendence. The chemical discoveries themselves were
by-products (Sivin 1986:154).

104
INTRODUCTION

various ways to calculate the day, the week, the month, the intercalary month, the New Year

and so on. By offering multiple, contradictory technologies, the manual offers no semblance

of a physical order, which by its very nature, would appear logical and imperfect. Secondly,

contradiction is inherent in the way predictions are made within the framework of time. As

every event can be defined by any term across the spectrum of temporal units, while the day

might be auspicious, the month or hour might not be, and so on. What is more, in the

following passage the manual gives an explicit example of how physics are transformed to

metaphysics:

In general, when making any of these calculations, one needs to know

unerringly which day to drop. Knowing this, one should examine the star and
the lunar mansions throughout one's lifetime with one's eyes. Thus, one must
also know the moon, how it conforms to the nakshatra, when it is new, when
it waxes full and when it wanes. When one knows this, one needs to know
the number of the moon. Also, if one is confused and uncertain about a
certain star or nakshatra, or does not know these things because clouds have
covered the sky, then the way to learn these things is as follows: Having
risen early the following day, upon washing one's hands and face, putting on
a new robe and adopting a pious frame of mind, if one goes out in the
direction one desires, the sign will be: if that day is the Wood star (Thursday)
one will meet a magician or a physician, or, if not, one will meet a man on a
bay horse. If it is the Sun star (Sunday) one will meet an older man or a
woman who is riding a white horse wearing a white robe and leading a white
dog. . . (4r-4v)

Logic

While in a determinate system, logic rules above all, in an indeterminate universe

logic has a limited function. The rhetoric of mathematics as a whole aims at universal

harmony, not logical consistency (Smith, Richard 1991: 51). By definition the metaphysical

realm, as it appears in nature, is not logical, and so, in representing the universe as it appears

105
INTRODUCTION

in nature, the rhetoric of mathematics intentionally breaks the law of contradiction, the

excluded middle term. Paradoxically, this is the consistent way to represent an illogical

universe.

This paradox has befuddled scholars accustomed to the rhetoric of Western science,

which rejects such contradiction. For the anthropologist Lucien Lvy-Bruhl, the most

incredible aspect of primitive culture was the frequency with which one found the law of

contradiction broken in primitive ritual and what would otherwise be considered science.

This led him to conclude that the science of these peoples is rooted in an "archaic" or "pre-

logical" type of thinking (Levy-Bruhl 1985: 78). While Lvy-Bruhl is correct in highlighting

the breaking of the law of contradiction as significant in ritual and non-Western science, his

conclusion was based on a false premise. The ideology of Social Darwinism formulated by,

among others, Herbert Spencer, which Levy-Bruhl had come to accept, derived from a

Newtonian universe ruled by logic and absolute time (Levy-Bruhl 1985: xiii). Not only is

this view of the universe not necessarily shared by other peoples, in Levy-Bruhls own day

it was challenged by Einstein and rejected by Heisenberg and Bohr.

Because the world is not perfect, logical nor rational, contradiction exists for any

people. However, the suppression of the great contradictions, as in that between physics and

metaphysics, science and religion, creates subtle inconsistencies of its own. Ironically,

assuming that Buddhist mathematics represents an illogical universe and that Modern

Science represents a universe that is logical, the rhetoric of Western science is in ways less

consistent in holding to the principles of its point of view than is Buddhist mathematics.

106
INTRODUCTION

This is in part because, as strict determinism denies freewill, the loss of freewill being more

objectionable than contradiction, it has to be ameliorated by rationales that have no empirical

basis. For instance, though strict determinism maintains that sufficient knowledge of the

positions of the planets will allow firm predictions of the fate of human beings, to lessen the

blow of fatalism, a common conception of Western astrology, quoted by Francis Bacon was

the stars incline, they do not compel (Tester 1987: 2). In this way the heavy burden for

scientific proof forces the rhetoric of determinism away from strict logic to mere empirical

generalization. Thus, because no stellar fatalism is commonly perceived, it is generally held

that the stars have no influence. This may be true, but in Buddhist mathematics one finds

adherence to the first principles of science just the same. Logic demands that, assuming time

is the basis by which all knowledge derives, the ability to reckon the positions of the planets

perfectly is prerequisite to predicting and retrodicting the causal chain, including the fate of

human beings. If we do not have that ability, then there is no causal chain. We can know

nothing. Any other position is illogical. This was true four thousand years ago, and it is still

true today, even though the universe appears so much bigger and our knowledge of it is so

much better than it was when traditional mathematics was the dominant discourse.

While Levy-Bruhls theory was keen but wrongheaded, other theories about non-

Western science often lack perspicuity. Jung, for example, writes in Synchronicity, For the

primitive mind . . . . there is no such thing as chance. No accident, no illness, no death is .

. . . attributable to natural causes. Everything is somehow due to magical influence (Jung

1973: 85). Here Jung, on the one hand, seeing a logical universe, fails to recognize the

107
INTRODUCTION

paradoxical nature of causation and so takes the rhetoric of non-Western science too literally.

On the other hand, inconsistent in the rhetoric of a logical universe, he wrongly assumes that

for the primitive mind . . . . there is no such thing as chance. Rather, it is for the modern

mind that is, the logical, deterministic mind, which discounts magical influence, that there

is no such thing as chance. Claude Levi-Strauss makes a similar error when he writes

magical thought is . . . distinguished from science not by ignorance of determinism but by

imperious uncompromising demand for it, which can be regarded as unreasonable (Levi-

Strauss 1966: 10-11). In assuming that the rhetoric of non-Western science postulates a

complete and all-embracing determinism that Modern Science does not, Levi-Strauss looks

at foreign science ideally but Modern Science only in a vulgar way. To compare both on an

equal footing he would have to acknowledge the imperious determinism of Modern Science.

For this he would not need to think merely in abstraction. The rhetoric of strict determinism

courses through the veins of Western civilization, from antiquity to the present day. The

Stoic, Chrysippus, wrote "no particular event, not even the smallest, can take place otherwise

than in accordance with universal Nature and its logos" (Plutarch SVF 2. 937). In a famous

letter to Napolean, the French mathematician and philosopher, Pierre Simon de Laplace

wrote that he had no need for the hypothesis of a deity. For him Newtons laws of motion

and gravitation were sufficient to determine all phenomena, thereby eliminating the need for

God as well as the role of chance and free will (Leon 1999: 163-164; Sarton 1941: 309-312).

In discussing the significance of the decoding of the human genome, the molecular biologist,

David Baltimore, calls free will a wonderful illusion (2003). If Levi-Strauss had paid

108
INTRODUCTION

Western civilization and Modern Science their due, he would have seen what Ptolemy saw:

that when it comes to determinism, the methods of Western mathematics are rational, the

methods of non-Western mathematics are irrational, and as such, the determinism of non-

Western mathematics is not determinism at all, but merely a pseudo-determinism of a

distinctly metaphysical realm. What both the theories Jung and Levi-Strauss fail to recognize

is the inherent role of contradiction in the rhetoric of an indeterminate universe.

What we see in Buddhist mathematics, rather than the archaic or prelogical is a

rhetoric of binary logic, simple yin/yang, where from an ultimate tai ji, the supreme pole or

supreme ultimate, comes yin and yang. Within yin is yin/yang. Within yang is yin/yang.

Within each of these, the same, and so on to infinity, whereby between every yin and yang

is simple contradiction (Ho 2003: 34; 2000: 34-35). In this binary, ultimately metaphysical

system, the rhetoric of strict determinism is the rhetoric of divination. This gives rise to

another paradox: while the rhetoric of a perfectly logical universe is a rhetoric of flux,

constant change and progress, the rhetoric of an uncertain universe appears perfect, eternal,

and timeless.

Esoteric Language

This paradoxical rhetoric is sustainable only by secret. From the point of view of an

indeterminate universe it is clear that esoteric language needs be to secure order over chaos.

Because arbitrary terms and myth are necessary for a comprehensive scientific rhetoric, there

109
INTRODUCTION

must be an elite to make the myths that others accept on faith. Once we know difference

between ends and means, we are no longer free to confuse them and so the means of perfect

knowledge must be kept from the non-initiated. This basic need for an elite is pervasive in

the mathematical tradition (Kingsley 1995: 344; Geneva 1995: 18; Shigeru 1966: 444);

however, the development of specific forms of arcanum is a different matter and belongs

especially to the Indian tantric tradition. According to O. Neugebauer the language of Greek

and Babylonian mathematics is clear. The introduction of secret astrology comes in the

Indian tradition (1951: 137-138). Tantras are written in specific kind of intentional

language (S. sandh~bh~s}~; Tib. dgongs pai skad), that is, a form of enigmatic speech that

holds a secret meaning (Newman 1987: 38-40; Bharati 1961: 261-262; Lopez 1995: 41-42).

According to Edward Conze, the concept that words have both an obvious and hidden

meaning came largely as a yogcrin concept on sandh~bh~s}~ around AD 300 (1975: 25-26).

John Newman, who has worked extensively on the Klacakratantra and related texts, notes

that a given passage can have both an exoteric and esoteric meaning and cites six alternatives

for tantric speech: intentional/unintentional; literal/non-literal; and provisional/definitive

(Newman 1987: 38-40). This sandh~bh~s}~ form, however, is only one of numerous other

kinds of esoteric language found in tantric texts. A. Bharati, who in his article Intentional

Language in the Tantras discusses the different ways in which the sandh~bh~s}~ tradition has

been interpreted by scholars and poses the question of its ultimate purpose, notes as well that

though sandh~bh~s}~ is a language of light and darkness whereby some passages are

understandable others not, it always appears to describe something. This distinct from the

110
INTRODUCTION

appearance and objective of mantra, which does not designate anything in nature and sets

out as its purpose to bring about change (1961: 261-262). Both of these types of esoteric

language are distinct from kinds of latent meaning found in the language of divination.

In its divination mode the language of the manual is nonsense. That is to say the

predictions the manual appears to make have no basis in sense, but rather are derived through

various methods of divination. Consider the following example: On Tuesday . . . . if a

possession or animal is missing, nine people stole it . . . . They came from the west and

brought it to a house which faces west" (22v). While in isolation this appears to be a

prediction of the future, when taken in full context one finds that the phrase if a possession

or animal is missing is a common omen protasis, which reoccurs throughout the text, not

only under the stars of the days of the week, but under the nakshatra constellations as well.

This particular omen condition, is found not only in this text, but rather is ubiquitous in

Eurasian mathematics, found in Buddhist, Chinese, Indian, Turkish, and even in Old

Babylonian texts. As for the number of people who stole the possessions or animals and the

direction in which they took them, these, along with color schemes and kinds of people are

common tropes found in divination formulae. If one examines the condition, if a possession

or animal is missing from planet to planet and star to star, one finds the sympathetic

associations described above. For instance, on Monday, the day of the moon, one of the

thieves has a pockmarked face (22v), on Wednesday, the day of the Water star, Mercury, the

missing things may be found at the waterside, on Friday, the day of the Gold star, Venus, the

thieves are yellow, they took the stolen goods to a place with yellow soil, and so on.

111
INTRODUCTION

However, just as there is consistency in the manuals overall representation of an

apparently illogical universe, there is meaning within the divination mode as well, a meaning

inside the numbers. In the manuals divination mode, meaning is expressed in terms of

complementary relations which represent natures duality: the rational and irrational,

physical and metaphysical, small and big, male and female, etc.; the logic of the elements;

the meaning of numbers: four, as in the four elements, which may take its origin in the four

seasons; five, as in the five elements, which may take its origin in the five planets known in

antiquity, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, and so on. As will be seen, there is

meaning behind the omens. Meaning is also expressed in terms of pattern, the patterns

behind the movements of supernatural beings.

Problems of Interpretation

That the logos of the text should be in the numbers and not in the literal language

poses a problem of interpretation. How far can one go in ascribing intention, true

significance to the internal structure of the text? It has been stated that the manual is

composed in five parts. That this follows a numerological prescription is quite likely.

However, the number of topics listed in the manual, being over one hundred, with some

manipulation might be counted as the auspicious number, one hundred eight. Is this the

correct way to count or simply reading into the text? It has been stated that the manuals

anonymity creates the effect of perfection and timelessness, but is this its purpose? Certainly

112
INTRODUCTION

anonymity is not unique to this manual specifically. It is commonly found in mathematical

texts. But this does not answer the question. Are mistakes and omissions, breaks in pattern

intentional or merely scribal error? A number of examples illustrate the problem: The star

spirit Qo(osun qumq-a (Empty pitcher) follows a strict pattern from month to month over

the course of the year. However, in the description of the Second month, no reference to

Qo(osun qumq-a is given. According to its pattern, in that month it would logically reside

in the North. Similarly, the star spirit Janggn (The General) breaks pattern in the Eighth

month by jumping to the East, when logically it should remain in the West. The nakshatra

are classified five different times according to their element, sometimes according to the four

elements predominant in India and the West and sometimes according to the five elements

predominant in China. Two of these classifications are identical, excepting one nakshatra,

Tanista (S. Dhanis}t}h~), which in one classification has the element water (21r) and in the

other, the element earth (45v). Logically, its element in should be earth, for to assign it the

element water leaves eight water nakshatra and only six earth nakshatra. As a final

example, on the twenty-first day of the Fourth month, a nakshatra is omitted from the

calendar. Logically it should be irvan (S. ravan}a). Though intentional variation of pattern

is a common trope in mathematics (one that is in keeping with a universe that does not

function in a perfectly logical way), this does not guarantee a correct reading. Likely, except

for the final example, the omission of irvan, the breaks in pattern described above are all

intentional, in that their variation depends on more than just the omission of a single term

(commonly attributable to scribal error). However, this criterion is far from foolproof, and

113
INTRODUCTION

the assessment less than certain. Finally, while focus on the latent workings of the text

reveal the patterns by which the gods and demons move, it does not explain how these

patterns are generated. What is the reason Tayisui moves one way, Janggn another, and so

on?

Judgment

While not to defend the esoteric rhetoric of the manual against the charge of humbug,

for humbug it clearly is, to humbug is not its primary reason for being. Esoteric language is

rooted in representing the unconventional language of the metaphysical realm, the world

beyond the pale of physical representation, the world of true or apparent time.

Furthermore, the inherent deception involved in the conflation of physical and metaphysical

realms is not solely negative, for it hides the arbitrary terms that point back to primordial

chaos, and so protects the established order, the government, which, all things being equal,

is for the common good.

This, however, is by no means special praise. Another term that defines the genre of

this manual is occult, a term associated in the West with pure evil. This association is so

strong, the meaning of the occult has been largely forgotten beyond its superficial aspects,

ghosts, demons and spirits, witches, magic and the like. What the occult means in essence

is the system of knowledge based on the one hand on true or apparent time, in which

demons, magic, ritual, and so on are scientific terms for the empirical qualities of the instant,

114
INTRODUCTION

and on the other hand based on mean or abstract space, where the counterparts of bodies

move in eternal, perfect patterns. The rhetoric of this system, besides being perfect, is

known, not only by outsiders, but by initiates as well, to be static, amoral, contradictory and

superstitious. It is not for no reason that this system was repudiated and step by step

eliminated from the morality and determinism based systems of Western civilization.

Nonetheless, Buddhist mathematics is by no means outmoded by Modern Science.35

It is based squarely on that which is true or apparent in nature and as such will remain viable

until the coming of Utopia. Einsteins theory of relativity and Heisenbergs uncertainty

principle make it relevant. To play devils advocate one could argue that if the concept of

an uncertain universe were fully accepted in Western civilization, the gravity of logic (which

often does more harm than good) would pull the rhetoric of Western scientific discourse into

a form that resembles that of Buddhist mathematics or the Pythagorean mathematics of the

ancient Greeks.

IV. Practice

Metaphysics

35
This is contrary to the idea of Lynn Thorndike in her article The True Place of
Astrology in the History of Science. Here Thorndike states correctly that prior to Newtons
law of gravitation, nature was held to be governed and directed by the movement of the
heavens and celestial bodies (1955: 273-274). Her error is to attribute as the basis for this
a cosmology unique to the European tradition and not the problem of time, common to
calendar makers everywhere. Indeed the problem of time in measuring the position and
momentum of the celestial bodies was key to Newtons own understanding of nature.

115
INTRODUCTION

The discussion of the manuals practical methods is organized according to the

distinction between physics and metaphysics. It begins with the latter, as the metaphysical

aspect of the manual tends to be predominate, and ends with a discussion of marriage, for

that is a prominent mundane utility the manual served. As for its metaphysical methods,

though subjects are very much interrelated and difficult to classify, the main topics are clear

nonetheless and will be dealt with in the following order: divination, medicine, magic, ritual,

and supernatural beings.

Divination

Divination, like "mathematics," is a term pertaining to knowledge. The root of the

word, deus (god) or divus, indicates the source of the seeker's information. If science is

about the prediction of events, from a deterministic point of view, every event is inevitable.

As chance can neither be defined nor understood, science is held to be about causes not

chance (Prigogine 1997: 4-5). Hence, Cicero in De Divinatione argues that since divination

has no application to what is perceived by the senses nor a place within the domain of

science or art, philosophy, dialectic or politics, thus, there is no use for it. In doing so, he

takes on what he considers the Stoic definition of divination as the foreknowledge and

foretelling of things that happen by chance (Cicero 1979: 220). This, however, is a

misstatement of the Stoic argument, for in Stoic determinism chance ought not exist. The

116
INTRODUCTION

rationale for divination, on the other hand, is from the point of view of indeterminancy. Here

every event is random. There is no such thing as causation. Thus, if causation does not

exist, something arbitrary is required in order to act. Divination is simply a way to act when

options seem arbitrary.

While divination as a means of knowledge is universal, the forms of divination are

not. Though a particular method might arise independently in one place or another, it also

happens that traditions of divination methods are passed from generation to generation and

culture to culture. Some of the earliest attested examples of divination are found inscribed

on bones and tortoise shells in China and on cuneiform tablets in Mesopotamia.36

Two ways to classify divination methods according to a psychological point of view

are: a) autoscopic or direct, which simply depends on some change in the consciousness of

the practitioner; b) heteroscopic or indirect, in which the diviner looks beyond himself for

guidance. Examples of autoscopic divination include methods based on sensory perceptions

such as gazing into a crystal or listening to a shell, motor automatisms, such as in the use of

a divining rod, or mental impressions derived from activities such as looking at the palm of

a hand or at cards. For heteroscopic divination the process depends on inference from

external facts. Examples of heteroscopic divination include sortilege "the casting of lots,"

36
For works on these early sources in China, see K. C. Chang 1980: 31-43 and Lowe
1994, passim. For the Mesopotamian sources see Starr and Jeyes. See also O.R. Gurney's
article on Babylonian and Hittite divination in Lowe and Blacker. For a discourse in
antiquity on the value of divination in society or the lack thereof, see Cicero, On Divination.
For bird divination among the Tibetans, see. Laufer, 1914. For Mongolian divination
methods, see Ochirbat's Merge, Tlg. See also, Pallas, v. 2, 1980: 307-340, Ligeti 1930:
passim, and Bawden 1958: 1-44.

117
INTRODUCTION

such as dice or the tarsus bones of sheep; haruspication "the inspection of entrails;

scapulomancy "divination by shoulder-blade;" and so on. While the practitioner must

actively perform these methods, there are also passive types of divination, such as taking an

omen from the weather or from the behavior or cries of birds ("Divination," EB 1911: 332-

333).

The manuals binary system, illogically, considers both causation and chance. The

manual includes causal relationships derived from empirical observation. For instance, in

the calendar it says, [During the fourth month] the orchid flower (akirma(-un iig)

blooms . . . [and] the cuckoo bird will sound (11r). But in keeping with its metaphysical

modality, its metier are chance occurrences, as in the following, If one builds a home, five

people will die (43r). These are derived, as befitting the logic of the system, through

divination. However, the manual is not perfectly logical in its representation in that its

methods are not entirely random. As will be seen, the metaphysical realm is made to appear

moral and good.

Divination in the manual is expressed in four interrelated forms: 1. complementary

relations, yin/yang; 2. rational methods, such as the systems of elements, trigrams and color

schemes, the results of which are derived through logic and appear random against the matrix

of the calendar; 3. irrational methods, including auguromancy, the results of which take on

a statistical significance, and magical formulae/medical treatments; and 4. patterns in the

matrix of the calendar, either orderly or random. These fall under two main classifications

in the Tibeto-Buddhist scheme: 1. Chinese or Black astrology (Tib. nag-rtsis), distinguished

118
INTRODUCTION

principally by the system of elemental divination (Tib. byung-rtsis), based on the

relationships formed between the five elements (TEDP, 11, 414; Cornu 1997: 21-23; Mnkh-

Ochir 2000: 16) and 2. Indian or White astrology (Tib. dkar-rstis), distinguished principally

by the system of the astrology of the stars (Tib. skar-rtsis [TEDP, 11, 415; Cornu 1997: 23-

25; Mnkh-Ochir 2000: 16]).

Yin/Yang

Although the manual does not mention expressly the Chinese terms yin/yang, nor the

Mongolian/Buddhist equivalent of the concept ar(-a bilig (yin/yang or skillful means and

wisdom, the two qualities possessed by the Buddha [S. upya-praj]), complementary

relations are pervasive throughout the text.37 A few types of contrariety will suffice to

demonstrate this: 1. male/female, e.g., in the designation of the months, a month with 30

days is male, a month with no more than 29 days is female. 2. clockwise/counterclockwise,

e.g., If the month is male, count clockwise (b) from the mouth [of the Black Dog of

Heaven]; if the month is female, count counterclockwise (buru(u) from the tail (52v). 3.

up/down, e.g. the sign of a fortunate day is a wish-fulfilling jewel that faces upward; the sign

of the day of death is a wish-fulfilling jewel that faces downward (20r). Other oppositions

include: 1. sun/moon; 2. white/black; 3. rich/poor; 4. Indian/Chinese. The manual seems to

indicate that every aspect contains its opposite at the same time, as follows: The bride

37
For a discussion of Mongolian ar(-a bilig, see Mnkh-Ochir 2000: 104-117.

119
INTRODUCTION

should be made to descend in the man's female [yin] direction (52r). There is also an

implicit opposition in the construction of the manual, empirical vs unempirical, rational vs

irrational, Chinese vs Indian methods.

Though the concept yin/yang in China is well known, a few aspects are worth

mentioning. First according to the famous Chinese classic, the Yijing, yin/yang begins from

an ultimate tai ji, the supreme pole or supreme ultimate. Second, the opposition yin/yang

implies regress to infinity. Every yin contains yin/yang; the yang of every yin contains

yin/yang (Ho 2003: 34; 2000: 34-35). Thus the fundamental idea is not merely dualism, but

one thing in dual form (liwu lingti [Richard Smith, 1991: 52]). Third, the concept yin/yang

is inextricably linked with the five elements (wuxing [Smith, R. 1991: 23; Sun 1997: 107;

Ho 2003: 13-15]). Finally, compared to the asterisms, xiu, the four seasonal animals, xiang,

and the sexagenary cycle, the technology of the yin/yang and wuxing is relatively late.

Scholars tend to agree that it is not found in China prior to the Warring States period, around

the 3rd century BC (Smith 1991: 23; Major 1993: 29-30; Sun 1997: 104).

Less well known is that a comparable system is to be found in the Western

Pythagorean tradition. For thinkers such as Heraclitus (6th century BC), the universe is one.

Its unity is observable in a logos or formula of structure. That logos is contrariety. The

secret of the universe is to recognize the existence of interacting opposites and the fact of

conflict (Philip 1966: 46). Thus the logos of nature includes both logos, a position certainly

arrived at by reasoned argument, and mythos, the conveyor of ideas beyond logical

demonstration (Kingsley 1995: 80). In this the primary opposition is limit vs the unlimited

120
INTRODUCTION

(Philip 1966: 52). The elements of the numbers are, according to Pythagorean doctrine the

even and the odd. The odd stands for limit, the even, for unlimited. In this primeval

cosmic opposition limit is positive; conceived as masculine; the unlimited is feminine

(Burkert 1972:32-33).

The Elements

Even though divination is ultimately illogical or unempirical, as every yin term

contains a yin/yang dualism within, divination contains both a rational or logical aspect as

well as an irrational or illogical aspect. The epitome of rationality in an indeterminate

universe are the elements. It is a fundamental error in the analysis of the rhetoric of these

elements to maintain, as many have, that the theory of the four elements marks a belief in a

rational universe, and that that idea is what sets Western civilization apart from others

(Tester 1987: 59). Elements are first of all not a uniquely Western idea, but most

importantly, they do not indicate a belief in a rational universe at all. They imply just the

opposite in that they are an artificial or sham superimposition of order upon a universe that

is otherwise apparently irrational, dual, not uniform. Mythology aside, what pre-modern

systems of elements are in essence is a homogenous division of the universe into mutually

exclusive parts. The number of terms though based on numerological theory is otherwise

arbitrary. The individual terms themselves, though necessarily exclusive, are subjective.

Once in place, there is nothing that does not belong to one of them and so the otherwise

121
INTRODUCTION

irrational universe is made rational. From the point of view of a deterministic universe on

the other hand, while the irrational is considered to be wholly negative and unacceptable in

proper scientific discourse, so too is classification based on arbitrary terms. As such pre-

modern systems of elements are diametrically opposed to the modern concept of the elements

which is said to date from the time of Robert Boyle (1661) and came to fruition in 1869 with

Mendelyevs periodic table (Parsons 1956: 347; Pauling, 1956: 517). Here irreducible

elements are derived from comprehensive, empirical examination. This modern

conceptualization of elements does indeed set Western civilization apart. Paradoxically,

however, given the true or apparent nature of the universe, this modern system of elements,

derived from the point of view of an ultimately rational universe, is not in fact rational at all,

for the number of elements themselves has never been perfectly determined due to the

mutability of atoms, man-made creation of new elements in nuclear reactions, and the

occasional discovery of new elements in space.

In the manual as the elements define everything, the results of any coincidence are

fixed in a logical way according to the elemental properties of the various terms as follows:

if two earths coincide it is an occasion for accomplishing magic . . . . , etc.

If two waters coincide, it is a rasiyan occasion and by means of an occasion
for a rasiyan, life will flourish . . . . etc. If two fires coincide, it is an
occasion for spreading . . . . etc. If two airs coincide . . . . etc. If water and
earth coincide . . . . etc., etc. [45v-46r]

The logic of the divination mode extends to the stars and planets such that each has its own

distinct quality which thus affects the course of events, as follows:

As for irvan nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of villages and crossroads. Thus,

if one causes others to gather, builds on the land, travels, attacks with cavalry,

122
INTRODUCTION

brings a bride into one's household, performs the ceremony for the gods,
crushes the eliy-e [demons] of the little ones, meets an enemy, performs
meritorious rites for the dead, or gathers the straw of crops, it is good. (30v)

The Mongolian term for the elements is maqabud (S. mah-bhtni; Tib. byung

ba). Their arbitrary quality is easily seen in that the manual gives two different sets: 1. the

four elements (drben maqabud): iroi (earth); kei (air); (al (fire) and usun (water);

predominant in Indian astrology; and 2. the five elements (M. tabun maqabud ; Ch. wu

xing): iroi (earth); modun (wood); (al (fire); usun (water) and altan/temr (gold/iron)

predominant in Chinese astrology. As is the case with the lunar constellations, though a

common origin is unknown, there appears to be some interrelationship between these two

systems. The four elements, often attributed to Aristotle (Physics 192; cf. Tester 1987: 59-

60), first appear in Western culture in the works of Empedocles (Kingsley 1995: 1; Longrigg,

1976: 420-9; 1985: 93-115). The idea is not necessarily Greek, but may have derived in the

East in one form or another, been adapted by the Greeks, and then made its way back to the

East (Kingsley 1995: 6-10). As early as the 4th century BC, a fifth element surfaced in the

Hellenic world when aether, the form and meaning of which had changed over time from

vapor to air as we now know it was reinvented by the Stoics as celestial fire (Kingsley

1995: 13-17; Tester 1987: 59).38 These five Pythagorean elements were: 1. ether; 2. air; 3.

fire; 4. water; 5. earth. In China the five elements, fire, water, earth, wood and metal, are

held to have originated during the Warring States Period, 3rd century BC (Sun and

38
Compare Greek aether with Hebrew hevel vapor, translated as vanity in
Ecclesiastes; Ch. qi/chi (Mathews 554); Mong. a(ur.

123
INTRODUCTION

Kistemaker 1997: 104; Smith, Richard 1991: 23). In India, along with the four Aristotelian

elements that came with the introduction of Greek mathematics, there is also found the

Pythagorean system of five elements: earth, water, fire, wind, and space (MW, 798; Berzin

1987: 18). Common to all systems of elements is their function of bringing order out of chaos

and their association with duality. In ancient Greece the Pythagoreans incorporated their

five elements with an ancient doctrine of opposites: one-many, limited-unlimited, odd-even,

male-female, and so on (Tester, 1987: 59). In China the concept of five elements is

inextricably linked with yin/yang (Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 104). In this, their close

affinity to the Hellenic counterparts suggests Greek influence, not only in terms of the

elements themselves, but the comprehensive system of duality, elements, and the harmony

of the spheres which extended to the conceptualizations of music, medicine and other

subjects as well. Beyond this basic structure, however, there is little similarity in its

application of to suggest the kind of discernable Greek influence found in, for instance, the

Tibetan medical tradition that came by way of India (Ho 2000: 15).39

IV.1 The Elements/Maqabud

Four Elements Five Elements

iroi earth iroi earth

39
For a more detailed comparison of Pythagorean and Chinese systems, see Burkert
1972: 471-472.

124
INTRODUCTION

usun water usun water

(al fire (al fire
kei air modun wood
altan/temr metal

Colors

Color divination is not as prominent a feature in the manual as it is in the Vaidurya

dkar-po and other sources. A five color scheme of blue, red, white, black, and yellow, does

exist, however, in the section that deals with military campaigns (20r-24v). This is the

Chinese color scheme of the five palaces in which blue represents the palace of the Blue

Dragon of the east and spring; red, the palace of the Red Bird of the south and summer;

white, the White Tiger; black, the Black Turtle, and yellow, the central palace of the

emperor, Huangdi (Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-123).40

IV.2 The Five Colors

Manual English
1. kke blue

40
The Indian five color scheme found in the Klacakra is yellow (ir-a), blue (kke),
green (no(o(an), red (ula(an), and white (a(an [KOT 273]).

125
INTRODUCTION

2. ula(an red
3. a(an white
4. qara black
5. ir-a yellow

The Trigrams

In the manual the term klil, bundle, bunch; tie, knot, refers to the eight trigrams

of the Yijing (Ch. bagua/pa-kua; Tib. spar-kha brgyad), which come to Mongolian from

Chinese via Tibetan. As with the colors, the trigrams are used less frequently in the manual

than in other sources such as the Vaidurya dkar-po. In the manual its function is limited to

the subject of brides and marriage.41

IV.3 The Eight Trigrams

Manual Tibetan Chinese English Trigram

kun khon kun/kun maternal earth
(Mathews 3684)

41
For more on the trigrams, see the Yijing, passim., TEDP, passim., Williams 1996:
149; Pozdneyev 1978: 534-542; Waddell 1978: 394; Cornu 1997: 107; Ho 2003: 34-35.

126
INTRODUCTION

gen khen gen/ken limit

(Mathews, 3327)
kam kham kan/kan pit
(Mathews 3245)
sn zon sun (Mathews gentle
5550)
jen zin zhen/chen quake/thunder
(Mathews 315)
lii li li (Mathews separate
3902)
dan dva dui/tui exchange
(Mathews, 6560)
gin gin qian/chien paternal heaven
(Mathews, 3233)

The Omens

Irrational divination is represented in the manual by omens, by far the most prevalent

feature in the text. Omens are given either as iro-a "omen" or sayin ma(u r-e the "good and

bad results." In sources on omen literature, omens are described as formally being composed

of two elements: a given condition or protasis, which is then followed by an apodosis or a

result. For example, the first nakshatra, Kr}ttik~ (M. Kerteg), is given in the manual as

having the following auspices:

In the Kr}ttik~ nakshatra if one offers sacrifice to a burqan (Buddha), beckons

fortune, gives alms, erects a temple, hermitage or stupa, performs the rites of
the fearsome ones, teaches knowledge, preaches the dharma, repairs a new
building or fortress, acquires debt, receives an animal sacrifice from another,
or pacifies one's beloved, it is good. . . . (25r)

127
INTRODUCTION

As previously mentioned, the omens belong to a genre of mathematics that has its origins in

ancient Mesopotamia from whence it entered India where it was paired with the nakshatra

and spread to various nations throughout Eurasia.

While the omen conditions in the manual were clearly adapted to suit local customs,

as preserving the old seems to be an important aspect of Mongolian Buddhist mathematics,

omen conditions similar to those found in the manual are also found not only in early

Buddhist sources, but in the very ancient Mesopotamian sources as well, for instance, omens

concerning earthquakes, the death of a king, setting out on a journey, the cutting of hair and

fingernails, plague, illness, business, war, death, fertility, enemies, loss of cattle, famine, and

banditry (Koch-Westenholz 1995: 89, 105-106, 180-182, passim). When it comes to these

omen conditions, the manual and other Mongolian sources tend to preserve archaic elements

in their lexical forms as well. In the manual many of the auspices follow the pre-classical

form. For example, the phrase to take a bride is given in the manual as beri bo(tol-, a

reference to marriage according to an old custom of placing a specific hat, the bo(to, on the

bride. The modern form, as G. Kara notes, is beri ab- to take a bride (Kara 1984: 349-

350).

There are two distinct kinds of results or apodoses. Abstract results complete the

condition with an either/or association, hence the term, good and bad results. In the various

almanacs there are three common ways to show whether a particular auspice is favorable or

unfavorable. In the manual one finds all three. The most common is sayin/ma(u. The form

found most frequently in preclassical sources is oqiqu/l oqiqu (Franke 1964: passim;

128
INTRODUCTION

Cerensodnom and Taube 1993: 214, 221, passim). The third form is bolumui/l bolumui

(60r). There are also omens which end in a concrete result. For example, "In the Kr}ttik~

nakshatra . . . . if there is an earthquake, there will be a drought."

What makes omens an irrational method of divination is that as opposed to the

homogenous, finite representation of a universal found in divinations use of elements, the

omen protases comprise a sample of various events taken from an infinite array of

possibilities, which, as heterogenous terms, regress to infinity. In this their composition is

akin to the bridal custom of wearing something old, something new, something borrowed and

something blue. These four elements, similar to the elements earth, air, fire and water,

comprise a universal set in four terms. What makes the former irrational is the implied

ellipses, a regress to infinity.

The function of omens is complex. Though individually the omens function as

pseudo-predictions, when considered collectively in conjunction with the planets and

nakshatra, they take on a new dimension. To demonstrate this, the phrase "if there is an

earthquake" occurs 28 times in the manual and each occurrence coincides with one of the 28

nakshatra. As such while the nakshatra establish a mathematical universe, the omen

protases or conditions, universal parameters, the apodoses or results of the various conditions

define the constitution or state of the universe both qualitatively and statistically.42 Overall,

the auspices show that the earthquake is a negative influence (14 bad to 1 good result). In

42
The mathematical creation of a universal set does not depend a zodiac. See the
Uygur Irk Bitig, for instance, where the universal set is given by the 64 possibilities of four
and three (Hamilton 1975: 7).

129
INTRODUCTION

the same way, the results of what must be considered good have a statistically positive

outcome. For example, the phrase burqan takibasu (if one offers sacrifice to Buddha) is

usually followed by a good result (11 good to 3 bad). For certain actions the results are

mixed (e.g. for debel eskebes/edkebes [if one tailors a robe] there are 12 good to 11 bad

results). Thus, through a wide sample of possible conditions, the omens reflect the point of

view of a universal man or the state of the nation. This latent function of auguromancy

explains not only a critical facet of the role mathematics played in government and society,

but also what made this literature so important and popular throughout Eurasia.43

To see what kind of state is represented in the manual, whether it is pro-business, pro-

agriculture or what have you, what one need do is survey the relevant omen results. For a

list of the omen conditions found in the manual, see the Subject Vocabulary index. Below

is a survey of twelve of the more common omens in the manual:

IV.4 A Survey of Twelve Omens

1. if one brings a bride into ones household (beri ba(ul(abasu) Abstract results: 12

good/positive to 8 bad/negative. Concrete results: she will die or divorce (40r); two people

43
It is noteworthy as an example of the pervasiveness of this literature that augury was
also considered an intrinsic part of the constitution of the government of the Roman Empire
(Cicero 1979: 216). For a further discussion of omen literature in Tibet, cf. Hummel (1963);
for Manichaean omen literature at Turfan, cf. Reck (1997: 7-23); for an example of omen
literature among the Arabs, cf. Young (1982: 261-278). Another important aspect of this
kind of omen literature is that its original purpose was for state affairs, not personal (Ho
1966: 21; Shigeru 1966: 444).

130
INTRODUCTION

will die (41r); descendants will be cut off (41v); re-used possessions and chattels will have

to satisfy one hundred lives (47v); she will die on the 100th day (60r).

2. if one makes an offering to a Buddha (burqan takibasu) Abstract results: 20

good/positive to 4 bad/negative. Concrete results: it will be distinctive (26v); the harm will

be immediate (34r).

3. if there is an earthquake ((aar kdelbes) Abstract results: 1 good/positive to 2

bad/negative. Concrete results: there will be a drought (25r); there will be a natural disaster

(25v); rain will fall (26r); bad for crops (26v); bad for people (27r, 28r)); there is the danger

of bitter suffering for that nation (27r); a leader of the nation will die (27v); there will be a

great wind (27v); one wont be able to walk (28r); bad for craftsmen (28v); bad for

goldsmiths (28v); grain will be plentiful (29r); a mountain will be annihilated (29v); water

will evaporate; it will be bad for everything else (30r); it will be bad for infant children and

tea merchants (30r); [living beings] will be completely fortunate and happy (30v); it will be

bad for a great many commoners and lamas (30v); bad for those who know the treatises

(30v); bad for animals (31r); bad for those animals which are giving birth (31r); water will

become abundant and living beings will die in the water (31v); bad for those who belong to

the caste of the wretched (31v); those who possess skillful means and wisdom will be

annihilated in their own intermediary state (31v); gods and demons will become few (32r);

bad for all mice (32r).

4. if one disturbs the ground ((aar kndebes) Abstract results: 2 good/positive to 14

bad/negative. Concrete results: become poor (42r); no harm (58r).

131
INTRODUCTION

5. if one tailors a robe (debel ed'kebes) Abstract results: 17 good/positive to 26

bad/negative. Concrete results: it will burn in a fire (25r); it will be distinctive (26v); one

will wear it on his dying day; it is bad (27v); the lord of the house will die; it is bad (35r).

6. if a son is born (kbegn trbes) Abstract results: 3 good/positive to 1

bad/negative. Concrete results: difficult to feed him (22v); good for any kind of deed,

whether coming or going (23v); he will be intelligent and wise (23v-24r); there will be six

[sons] (25r); he will be splendid [25v] and love knowledge and matters of the sacred doctrine

(25v); he will become a splendid hero, perfectly happy (25v); he will be very fortunate;

having been foolish, he will become rich (26r); he will be very fortunate, possess little

wisdom, and his wealth and animals will be abundant (26v); he will become equal to a

Cakravartan king (26v); he will have great fortune (27r); having become learned in elocution,

he will be a scholar, perfectly happy (27v); he will have a very stingy nature; his life will be

short (27v); fully will he keep his vows, and he will be born into a high birth (28r); he will

be spoiled (28r); he will love to amuse himself with exorbitant lascivious folly (28v); having

had many enemies, he will contract an illness (28v); he will vanquish his enemies (29r); he

will fully keep his vows and be perfectly happy in the dharma (29r); his life will be short

(29v); his father will die (29v); having become rich, he will be an alms-giver and love the

sacred doctrine (30r); he will be very wise and help living beings (30r); his merit will be

perfect (30v); he will not get along with his wife and die of suffocation (30v); he will be

stupid and fated to die in the water (31r); he will be possessive and small-minded, without

great wisdom or passion (31r); he will be ignorant and become a thief (31v); he will be

132
INTRODUCTION

without illness and live a long life (32r); he will like to kill and slaughter; his character will

be bad; later he will go to hell (32r); it will be bad [for him] later (40r); he will live in

suffering and lament his troubles saying, "woe is me (47v); his physical appearance having

become handsome and his speech elegant, he will have a ready intellect, many ideas, and be

skeptical; he will live eighty years (61r); he will not speak falsely (61r); he will have a ready

intellect, elegant speech, even thoughts, and he will be well known for his good name (61v);

he will have a severe and fearsome character (61v); he will have a lying, forgetful, bad

character (61v); he will have a straightforward character, and, having become a craftsman,

he will live sixty years, (61v); having suffered in his youth, he will be happy in his old age,

(61v).

7. if one cuts ones hair (sn kir(abasu) Concrete results: become rich; its good (57r,

58r); meritorious advantage will be great (57r); ada and todqor demons will appear (57r);

it will turn white (57r); there will be a quarrel among a great many people (57v); there will

be illness and plague (57v); there will be harm to the eyes (57v); sons and grandchildren will

flourish (57v); one will accomplish one's intended act (58r); there will be an argument (58r);

one will find animals (58r).

8. if one travels (i(ulilabasu) Abstract results: 13 good/positive to 1 bad/negative.

Concrete results: without profit (25v); affairs will proceed slowly (35r); people will die

(60r).

133
INTRODUCTION

9. if one gives away a daughter (okin gbes) Abstract results: 7 good/positive to 10

bad/negative. Concrete results: her life will be short (24r); a son, dear to ones heart, will

die (41v-42r).

10. if a daughter is born (okin trbes) Concrete results: it will be distinctive (23r);

relatives by marriage will be scarce (25r); possessions and animals will increase (25v); she

will be wonderfully intelligent and loving (26r); the rulers of the dragons who effect the

senses will possess her (26v); she will be a thief or have a great many means and tricks (28r);

she will be ignorant and become a thief (31v).

11. if one does business (qudaldu keyibes) Abstract results: 21 good/positive to 4

bad/negative. Concrete results: without profit (34r).

12. if one plants a crop (tariyan taribasu) Abstract results: 7 good/positive to 7

bad/negative. Concrete results: bad for the deeds of those who are older (30r); oxen will die

(34r); it will dry up (47v).

The general state of the nation, however, is easy to judge. Approximately 220 omen

results are bad compared to approximately 360 good results. Whats more, as it is

common in the manual to list far more conditions with a singularly good result than with

a bad result, it is clear that the general state of the nation is by far better than worse. That

the nation generally be good is common in omen texts. In the Irq Bitig, for instance, one

finds that 33 omens are described as "good" 5 as "very good", 17 as "bad" and 2 are "very

bad", for a 2:1 ratio (Clauson 1961: 219). In the Babylonian omen series, the Enuma Anu

134
INTRODUCTION

Enlil, omens inherently produce results in a ratio of 2:1. This is because when two good

signs coincide, they produce a good result, when a bad sign coincides with a good sign the

result is negative, but when two bad signs coincide, the result is good (Koch-Westenholz

1995: 11). However, in the mathematical chapters in the Chinese Jin shu, the official history

of the Jin dynasty (265-420) written by Fang Hsan-ling (578-648), the results are just the

opposite with twice as many bad omens as good ones (Ho 1966: 21).

In this artificial prescription of good and evil the omens appear to have a moral

imperative. Vilhelm Thomsen, who made the first English translation of the Irq Bitig, noted

this moral quality, when, in regards to its meaning and purpose, he described the Turkish

book of omens as a kind of moralizing reader (Thomsen 1912: 192-193). This, however,

is a fundamental error, for omina are in essence amoral. They mark a time for any purpose

under heaven, whether for good or ill, as in the Hebrew Book of Ecclesiastes. For instance,

under Udaribalguni nakshatra it is a good time to kill or slaughter (28r); certain days are

good for sinful deeds and bad for meritorious deeds (45r), and so on. Morality, on the other

hand, belongs to the realm of logic and rationality, and, as such, like the elements, it is

derived from an arbitrary term and homogenous or logical division into constituent parts, as

in the various sets of commandments commonly found throughout Eurasia like the Hebrew

Ten Commandments, there are Ten Commandments in Buddhism as well (Waddell 1978:

134). Al-Brni notes that in India the Hindu keep Nine Commandments (Sachau 1971: 74).

Medicine

135
INTRODUCTION

The salient function of divination in the manual is not to predict but to heal. It has

been observed that while the field of medicine has been around for millennia, the ability to

cure has only existed since the Enlightenment in Europe, raising the question what was it

doctors had been doing all those centuries prior? The answer is divination. In the pre-

Modern world, medicine was inextricably linked with mathematics. This relationship is clear

from the Latin term for the field, iatromathematica, used throughout the Middle Ages in

Europe (Tester 1987: 95, 222). It is too strong to suggest that pre-Modern medicine did not

cure. Scholars of ancient Greek medicine often point out that the Hippocratic schools

developed empirical methods of diagnosis and treatment of illness (Tester 1987: 218).

Unfortunately, they often attribute these empirical methods to uniquely Greek inventions not

found elsewhere in the ancient world, as S. J. Tester does when he says that in Babylonia

medicine was magical. The Greeks were the first to develop scientific medicine (1987: 24).

However, if one turns to Babylonian medicine one finds again that it is not so simple. In

ancient Mesopotamia, although medicine was predominately associated with purely magical

rituals, there were also empirical methods. Cuneiform tables show Babylonians had a deep

knowledge of medicinal herbs and minerals. Found among their ruins are textbooks with

antidotes for poisons, including snake and scorpion bites, and treatments for various ailments

afflicting the eyes, teeth, head, intestines, and so on. These methods were used in

conjunction with magical incantations to treat both physical and metaphysical aspects of

illness (Langdon 1956: 860).

136
INTRODUCTION

To explain the link between mathematics and medicine scholars cite the concept of

the body as a microcosm of the universe. The notion of macro and microcosm is found

among the Greek Pythagoreans (Burkert 1972: 41), the Arabs, in the tantric ritual practices

in India (Subbarayappa 1989: 26; Lopez 1995: 41-2), with the Turks (Esin 1989: 113-124),

and in China (Sivin 1986: 152, 164). The concept of medicine and therapy goes beyond the

self to the concept of the government as microcosm. This is seen especially in China where

the celestial pole corresponds with the emperor, around whom the state revolved (Needham

1959: 2).

As a part of the mathematical tradition, medicine shares many of the same

commonalities across Eurasia. Given by a dual, ultimately uncertain universe medicine had

both physical and metaphysical aspects, of which it was the metaphysical that predominated.

In the metaphysical mode medicine regards no empirical cause. Demons, as in Babylonian

medicine, for instance, are the source of affliction (Langdon 1956: 806). It distinguishes no

illness. Treatments, as in Greek medicine, are universal, that is, apotropaic or sympathetic

(Barton 1994: 185-191). It recognizes no speciality. Everything is therapeutic. For

Pythagoreans as well as Madhyamika Buddhists, the role of logic in philosophy is ultimately

incidental. Polemic is intended to be therapeutic (Kingsley 1995: 327; Liu 1994: 35). So too

is music.

This metaphysical mode, in keeping with its basis in divination, has both rational and

irrational methods. Of specific import to medicine is the system of the humors, which is

similar to the system of elements in that both are a rational division of the universe into

137
INTRODUCTION

homogenous constituent parts. They were used in conjunction with the elements in

diagnosing and treating illness. This does not, however, make the system an empirical

method of diagnosis, as is sometimes assumed. As the logic of the elements is, when it

comes to the unempirical realm, a pseudo-logic, sympathetic and correlative, so too is that

of the humors. In Arab mathematics, for instance, each note of a musical scale had a

therapeutic affect according to the elements (tub) and humors (tabi) They are either hot-

dry and exciting to the blood, cold-dry, hot-moist, or cold-moist (Smith 1843: 207). In the

same way the strings of the lute correspond to the four humors such that the highest string,

the zr, corresponds to yellow bile, the mathn to blood, the mathlath to phlegm, and the

lowest, the bamm, to black bile (Farmer 1928: 516; 1932: 903; 1944: 180). Across the

spectrum of medical practice, this rational, elemental diagnostic system allows not only un-

empirical apotropaics but empirical diagnoses as well. In between is much ambiguity. This

is seen in the description of medicinal plants and herbs in Tibetan medicine. Here medicinal

plants and herbs are said to originate from the five Pythagorean elements which come to

Tibet via Indian Buddhism, earth, water, air and sky. Herbs and plants having the nature of

earth are in quality heavy, strong, smooth, oily, soft and moist and have no pungent smell.

They oil, moisten and smooth the system and combat bile diseases brought on by excessive

bile (Rechung 1973: 64).

To assert that Greek medicine was not the first to invent empirical methods of

diagnosis and treatment is not to denigrate the importance of that tradition. As S. J. Tester

demonstrates, after the Pythagoreans canonized the concept of opposites one-many,

138
INTRODUCTION

limited-unlimited, odd-even, male-female, and so on Zeno of Elea (495-430 BC) took two

pairs of these opposites, hot and cold, and wet and dry, and made all else from them. Next,

Aristotle (384-322 BC) married the two doctrines and made his four simple bodies fire,

air, water and earth, from, in turn, the hot and the dry, the hot and the wet, the cold and the

wet, and the cold and the dry. Then the Stoics simplified the system to fire hot, air cold,

water wet, and earth dry. This synthesis of the elements, the qualities, and the opposites

became pervasive in late Classical mathematics (Tester, 1987: 59-60). These notions of

harmony and balance between the opposing and elemental aspects of mans nature dominated

Greek medical thinking. In the late fifth century BC the Hippocratic treatise On the Nature

of Man discusses the life cycle in relation to the four seasons, the four opposites, and the

four humors, blood, phlegm, choler (yellow bile), and melancholy (black bile). Blood is

warm and moist and associated with spring and childhood; yellow bile is warm and dry and

goes with summer and youth; black bile is cold and dry and goes with autumn, and phlegm

is cold and wet like winter and old age (Tester 1987: 61). This was extensively elaborated

upon in the medical system of Galen (AD 129-c. 200), which together with Ptolemaic

physics and the musical concept of the harmony of the spheres made Greek mathematics an

intellectual force to be reckoned with and very influential throughout Eurasia, especially

among the Arabs and in India from whence it comes to the Tibetans and Mongols via

Buddhism (Beckwith 1979: 297-313; Tester 1987: 50-51; Rechung 1973: 14-5).

As with mathematics in general the main influence of Mongolian medicine is Tibetan

via Buddhism. That system contains Indian and Western systems on the one hand and

139
INTRODUCTION

Chinese practices on the other. There is also much indigenous knowledge gathered in the

various Mongolian compendia (IM, 305). One of the best sources of Mongolian medicine

is the Ana(aqu uqa(an-u drben nds [the four principles of medical knowledge], a

translation of the Tibetan medical classic rGyud-bzhi (the four foundations), that circulated

in Kkenuur, Gansu and neighboring regions of Inner Mongolia during the late 17th century

after the establishment of the Qing dynasty (AUD 2).44 This medical textbook describes a

complex and elaborate system that is distinctly classificatory in nature. The four bases of

medicine referred to in the title are: 1. summary (tobi), 2. theory (onol), 3. medicinal

treatment (emilege), and 4. investigative treatment (inilel asal) referring to the

examination of patients pulse and veins (AUD 1). Besides these there are the eight branches

of medicine (naiman geign), eleven topics (arban nigen oron), and so on. These break

down into further classifications, such as the three methods of diagnosis, looking, touching,

and asking questions (AUD 20), the four methods of healing, diet, activity, medicine, and

treatment (AUD 22-24), the eight kinds of medicines (126-143), and so on. There are two

distinct types of classification, concrete and abstract, of which the latter is by far

predominate. Included among the various abstract classifications are the five elements

(tabun maqabud) not the Chinese system, but the Pythagorean elements which came to

Tibet via India: 1. earth (iroi), 2. water (usu), 3. fire ((al), 4. air (kei) and 5. sky (o(tar(ui

44
It has been edited by members of the research center at the Inner Mongolian
Autonomous Regional Hospital who for some reason removed the distinctly mantric
elements. For the Chinese system, which is largely separate from the Indo-Tibetan system
in the Tibetan rGyud-bzhi, see Ho and Lisowski (1997) and especially Harper (1998).

140
INTRODUCTION

[AUD 120; cf. also Rechung 1973: 64]); the opposites, hot/cold, dry/moist and the three

humors (maqabud): 1. air (kei), 2. bile (ir-a), and 3. bad(an [Tib. bad kan] phlegm (AUD

63). Each of these has certain properties associated with them. For instance people of the

humor air have crooked spines, are thin, with a bluish complexion, and so on (AUD 62; cf.

Rechung 1973: 46). In diagnosis these abstract elemental aspects interact in logical ways.

But because the elements are abstract, logic may lead one towards or away from an empirical

diagnosis. It is this type of classification which makes the efficacy of the system so difficult

to determine. Moreover, though the system is very complex, one is nonetheless working

with a finite set of possibilities, which severely limits the means for diagnosing the

seemingly endless symptoms of illness. The Tibetan rGyud-bzhi, for instance, states that

there are 404 kinds of illness of which 101 are caused by imbalance of humors (Rechung

1973 : 53). These are most likely numerological terms (the Mongolian text states that

illnesses are innumerable [AUD 93]), but it illustrates that the system is logical and rational,

even though it is derived from the point of view of an ultimately irrational universe.45

45
This is to be contrasted with Modern medicine, where, based on the notion of a
rational universe, the medical system, in treating every illness, symptom and person
individually, is ultimately irrational to the extent that there is apparently no end to the
possible variables. This, one may well argue, is what gives Modern medicine its superiority
over traditional medicine when it comes to treating the ailments of the body. Ailments of
the mind, however, are another question. In classifying the unconscious into abstract
constituent parts, Modern psychology treats the mind as traditional medicine treats the body,
in an abstract, logical, rational way. Psychologys projection of an ideal norm around which
all fall mentally ill does not treat individual needs of individual patients at a given time, but,
rather, continually creates new disorders which tend to make the mind less healthy (cf.
Kutchins, Herb and Stuart A. Kirk).

141
INTRODUCTION

In the manual medicine (em) is generally associated with the metaphysical realm.

Medicines as well as poisons (qoor-a) are gathered (em u(la(ul-/ungla(ul), ground

(em nid-), mixed (em neyilegl-/qoor-a neyilegl-), and drunk (em u(uu-). Various kinds

of illness (ebedin) mentioned include wounds (arq-a), splinters (ilige), sores (yar-a),

plagues or epidemics (taqul) and a general condition of mental or physical suffering (eneleki

obalang). Demons such as the ada are the causes of illness. To fall sick is to be touched

by an illness (ebedin krtebes) or to be touched by ada demons (ada-du krte-), to

encounter these demons (ada-du uara-), or to be bedeviled by them (ada adala-). To

recover is ebedin edege-. General terms for treating an illness include emle-, the

denominal verb form of em medicine, ana(a-, the transitive/causative form of the verbal

stem ana- to get well, and asa-, which apart from its medical usage means to put in

order, fix, repair and is used in the pleonastic form asal asa- to prepare a treatment.

Specific forms of treatment include the application of a compress or poultice (ingle-) and

cauterizing by means of a moxa or poultice (tgen-e tgene-). An example of a strictly

metaphysical method mentioned in the text is a white treatment (a(an asal), which, as

opposed to a motely treatment (ala( asal) that consists of spells and charms, consists of the

reciting of texts (Bawden 1962: 166-167). In ritual illness is magically expelled through

paper dolls (sada(-a) or ransom figures (oli(/oliy-a) usually made of dough (Cf. Heissig

1986). Talismans known as the five protectors (tabun qalqala(i) are used to ward off

illness. These include: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu); 2. the

shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin krmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine (so( ariyan-u

142
INTRODUCTION

rgesn); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber [cf. Rechung 1973: 71]); 5. the tusk

of a wild boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a). An example of treatment found in the manual

is as follows:

As for a treatment during a black month, tie nine kinds of wood, the great
black tail of a bull, a bow, a white qada(, as well as things made from
vermillion, sugar, soldering metal and so forth to the pole of a standard, and
having driven it into the ground, make the smell of burnt white butter and the
fat of a bull, and then stick [the standard] into the ground in the contrary
Monkey direction of the Tiger year on the seventh day of the first month. In
this manner, given any day, stick it [in the ground] in that month's contrary
direction. It will be good. (50v)

This mathematical formula is simultaneously ritual, magic and medicine. Note too that, as

medicine, it treats every possible illness and belongs to every kind of specialist, the physician

(emi/otai), mathematician (to(ain), astrologer (mathematician), (iruqayici literally, the

one who makes the drawing), the magician (tarnii), and teacher (ba(si). Beyond the

manual there are a host of other terms for the various specialists. There is the emeri

(seer), ngi (diviner), sinigei (fortuneteller, literally, the one who examines), and so on.

Charles Bawden, in numerous works but especially in his two articles "The

Supernatural Element in Sickness and Dying, Part I and Part II," surveys a number of medical

texts and discusses at length their problematic nature for the interpreter. He notes that

diagnosis has no basis in observation; conditions are understood by arbitrary standards (SE

I, 221); that disease has no effective physical cause, the idea of cause and effect connected

by a logical, observable relationship simply being absent though pseudo-causes are adduced

(SE I, 234); that there is a lack of distinction between sickness and other conditions;

143
INTRODUCTION

metaphysical methods such as spells are recommended not only in handbooks of magic, but

also in serious medical works, which contain prescriptions and also charms for all sorts of

conditions; that the conditions treated this way are intangible, that is, to hasten recovery, to

protect from sickness or danger (SE II, 161); and that various genres, medical, magical and

astrological, all dovetail into one (SE II, 161-164).

Though he astutely recognizes all the qualities of the genre, Bawden neither

understands Mongolian medical practices in terms of Eurasian mathematics nor recognizes

that mathematics, though it comes to the Mongols through Buddhism and so is adapted by

Buddhism, is nonetheless a distinct tradition of its own, with terms and concepts incongruent

with Buddhist teaching. This discord between Buddhist teaching and mathematics has been

noted by Sa-skya pandita, Kun-dga-rgyal-mthsan (1182-1251), the fifth of the grand lamas

of Sa-skya monastery and the reputed author of one of the great classics of Tibeto-Mongolian

literature, the Subhsitaratnanidhi (Treasury of Aphoristic Jewels), who maintained that

mathematics, together with medicine, are profane sciences containing nothing Buddhistic at

all, an opinion shared by the famous historiographer, Bu-ston Rin-poche (1290-1364

[Stcherbatsky 1958: 46]). Hence Bawden makes the mistake of attributing the wildly

irrational, magical methods found in medical texts with a native naive folk religion, which

he states lives side by side with formal medicine even after the introduction of a sophisticated

science and culture (SE I, 217). Rather, irrational, magical methods live side by side within

the same tradition, a tradition given by a true or apparent, dual, indeterministic understanding

of nature.

144
INTRODUCTION

Magic

The therapeutic mode is magic. From a deterministic point of view, because magic

is inherently associated with that which creates supernatural transformation, since this is

impossible, the basic premise of magic is deemed false. Magic is thus understood as mere

conjuring, common tricks or deceptions. As deception is seen as wholly negative, the

denotation of magic becomes negative also. For this reason, in post-Christian, pre-

Enlightenment Europe proponents of astrology such as William Lilly often went out of their

way to disassociate esteemed astrology from base magic (Geneva 1995: 10; Barton 1994:

191-197). In an indeterminate system, however, as the supernatural is merely the true or

apparent aspect of reality, the metaphysical realm that is beyond the pale of absolute time,

magic and mathematics are inextricably linked. In the manual magic" is rendered in

different forms. Two terms derived ultimately from Sanskrit are 1) ridi with qubil(an from

Sanskrit rddhi meaning supernatural transformation (MW, 226; Edgerton, 151) and 2) idi

from Sanskrit siddhi perfection (MW, 1216; Soothill, 237), which is also rendered in the

manual in Mongolian translation by various forms of the verbal stem bt- meaning "to

accomplish from Sanskrit sidh (Lessing, 698; MW, 1215; Egyed 1984: 5).46 These

46
There are eight classical divisions of siddhi in Buddhism: 1) Siddhi which makes
it possible to change any external to another form needed by the contemplator; 2) siddhi of
longevity; 3) siddhi producing a special beverage that yields immortality; 4) siddhi endowing
perspicacity in finding treasure; 5) siddhi making it possible to enter and pass time in the
abodes of the deities; 6) siddhi making it possible to transmute everything into gold; 7)

145
INTRODUCTION

renderings help clarify the meaning of magic which has been lost in Western civilization47

in that while there appears to be nothing inherently supernatural in the terms

transformation or accomplishment, when one realizes that implicit in this context is the

quality of the instant over duration, a new understanding emerges. Magic is instantaneous

transformation or instantaneous accomplishment. Furthermore, when one realizes that

in this context as the difference between natural and supernatural is merely subjective, a

matter of perception, one sees that a common practice of the magician is simply to influence

the perception of another so as to make transformation or accomplishment appear

instantaneous. In other words the magician simply hides the logical processes of the physical

realm and in so doing transcends it to reveal nature as it appears in a moments time, one and

undifferentiated. Hence magic is often characterized by ingenious contraptions that have no

logical purpose. In this way, even a common deception contains a transcendent aspect. One

knows whether one is being tricked by magic or witnessing a supernatural transformation the

way one knows everything else in an indeterminate system, subjectively and in the moment.48

siddhi making it possible to turn earth to gold; 8) siddhi making it possible to acquire the
precious cintmani which satisfies all wishes (RRS 652; Egyed 1984: 7-8).
47
For a discussion of the definition of magic in Western civilization, see Thorndike,
v. 1, 1923: 4-6.
48
See, for example, the story of "The Taming of the Six Heretics" in the Sutra of the
Wise and Foolish. In the story both Buddha and Mra are skilled in magic. In the difference
between the two, one being good, the other evil, the reader perceives a difference between
the Buddha's magic and that of Mra. However, one only get this sense from the perception
that one is good the other evil. Otherwise, there is no clear distinction between the Buddha's
transformations and Mra's magic (Frye, S., 1981: 48-63). Thus it is said that there are two
kinds of supernatural powers (siddhi), lower, psychic powers and higher forms of magic

146
INTRODUCTION

An exhaustive survey of magical treatments and formulae in the manual are given

below:49

IV.5 Magical Treatments/Formulae

Naran odun Sunday

erig mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur
morda. ereg-n noyan ula(an debel
ems igerde morin unuu ula(an kegeri
bariu. ula(an imeg-iyer ime suali-
yu(an takiu dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u
ner-e bii yama(an-u eber-d dr
dayisun-i eserg ireki-tr. qan tayii
timed yosu(ar odu dolo(anta
qa[]k[i]ru usun sau(ad (adquldubasu
dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu. (21v-22r).
Saran odun
If one sets out on a campaign, depart at
sunrise. If one wears the commander of
the army's red robe, rides a chestnut horse,
holds a red standard, adorns oneself with
red ornaments, offers sacrifice to one's
own spirit protector, writes down the
name of the commander of the enemy
army and fills the horn of a goat with it,
then, when the enemy comes against one,
proceeding in accordance with the rules of
the Emperor, the Grand Master, and the
dignitaries, shouting seven times, and
having sprinkled water, when one engages
in battle, one will crush the enemy
immediately.
Monday

which result from continuous spiritual training (Poppe 1967: 84). When magic is perceived
to be mere conjuring or slight of hand there is often another term. In Mongolian this term
is usually given as ilbi (<Uy. yelvi). For more elaborate discussions of magic, cf. "magic"
in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911 and 1998 and also Mauss 1972: 18-24. These sources
point out theories of magic as either objective or subjective; they note the distinction between
magic as a supernatural accomplishment and as mundane conjuring; and they also discuss
magic in terms of ritual and healing, which is the context for magic in the manual.
49
See also Harpers treatment of magical recipes (1998: 148-183).

147
INTRODUCTION
erig mordobasu taulai qoni (aqai ilten
qara morin unuu qara kegeri bariju qara
imeg-iyer ime dayisun-u ereg-n
noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged
isn adqu iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar
snge daru(ad suu ali-yu(an takiju
rn-e g uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu.
dayisun eserg irebes tabun kmn qad-
un imeg-iyer ime miq-a-yi mungnau
sau(ad (adquldubasu dayisun-i daruyu
(22r).
'al odun
bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu
tere daruyu (22v).
Usun odun
erig mordobasu edr dli morda. debel
quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime qara
morin unuu qara kiiri bariu dayisun-u
noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu (aqay-yin tolo(ai-
dur dr usun-dur daru(ad rn-e g standard, draws the name of the
ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu.
dayisun-i eserg ireki-dr ara-nu(ud-
iyar ime ara kiiri bariu kl morin
unuu ol(oldubasu dayisun-i daruyu
(23r).
Modun odun
If one sets out on a campaign, if one who
is born in the Hare, Ram, or Pig years
rides a black horse, holds a black
standard, adorns oneself with black
ornaments, writes down the name of the
commander of the enemy army, and,
having set it on fire, extinguishes it with
nine handfuls of dirt and nine cups of
water, and then if one offers sacrifice to
one's own spirit protector and leads in a
westerly direction, one will crush the
enemy. When the enemy comes against
one, if five men adorn themselves with
the ornaments of the sovereign, and one
cuts away pieces of meat and scatters
them [as an offering], then when one
engages in battle, one will crush the
enemy.
Tuesday
Whoever sets off first for the battlefield
will crush the enemy.
Wednesday
If one sets out on a campaign, depart at
noon. If one adorns oneself with a black
robe, a black cuirass, and black weapons,
rides a black horse, holds a black
commander of the enemy, fills the head of
a pig with it, and presses it into the water,
and then leads one's soldiers in a westerly
direction, one will crush the enemy. As
the enemy approaches, if one meets them
adorned with yellow things, holding a
yellow standard, and riding a fallow horse
(kl morin), one will crush the enemy.
Thursday
148
INTRODUCTION
ereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda.
qubad kke-ber ime kke morin
unuu kke kegiri bariu suu ali-yu(an
takiu dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-
yi bii dolo(an alqu (aar-a isn
doboa( iroi door-a daru(ad emn-e g
uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu dayisun
eserg ireki- dr qubad imeg-iyen
a(an-iyar imej a(an keg[i]ri bariu
qa[]kiru(ad tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer
uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu (23v).
Altan odun
ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida
morda. bein takiy-a ilten a(an-nu(ud-
iyar ime gken ari(un kbegn- Monkey or Cock years adorn themselves
iyer suu ali-yu(an takiu dayisun-u ereg-
n noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur bii
yabuqu mr-dr talbiu egn kl-iyer
dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu
dayisun eserg iriki-dr [=ireki-dr]
nigen kmn sn-iyen ayidu qayinu(-
dur unuu boskil sauu uduridbasu
dayisun-i daruyu (24r).
iroi odun
If one sets off on a campaign, depart early
the next day. If one adorns oneself in blue
clothes, rides a blue horse, holds a blue
standard, offers sacrifice to one's own
spirit protector, writes down the name of
the commander of the enemy army,
presses it down under nine heaps of earth
at a spot seven paces away, and then leads
in a southerly direction, one will crush the
enemy. As the enemy approaches, if one
adorns oneself with white clothes and
ornaments, holds a white standard, shouts,
and then leads five people who have a
breast plate, one will crush the enemy.
Friday
If one sets out on a campaign, depart
before midnight. If those born in the
in their white things, if one offers one's
own small pure boy as sacrifice to one's
spirit protector, writes the name of the
commander of the enemy army on a
woodblock, places it on the path one will
proceed, and steps on it seven times with
the left foot, one will crush the enemy.
As the enemy approaches, if one man ties
his hair on the crown of his head, rides a
qainug, sprinkles a ?boskil, and leads
[one's soldiers], one will crush the enemy.
Saturday
149
INTRODUCTION
ereg mordobasu sarad [=irad]-nu(ud-
iyar ime qong(ur morin unuu ara
kegeri bariu suu ali-yu(an takiu
dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i
bii usun-dur urusqau edr dli umara
doron-a ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i
daruyu dayisun eserg ireki-dr kke
irai-du kmn-i qara keb-iyer manglai
uriyau qara morin unuu modun mir-
iyer dokin (adquldubasu dayisun-i daruyu
(24v).
Qara ingpng giki anu
egni (alqalaqu ar(-a kemebes
yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin]
manglai-dur toli e tegni isn iruqai
ene met iruyu tere g qandu(ulbasu
qamu( ma(u iles ayilaqu buyu.
uara(san bges Altan gerel ungi 42v.
Qara sarayin asal anu
qara sarayin asal anu. isn uil modu.
buq-a-yin yeke qara segul. numu a(an
qada( kiged ingqun. iker qangla(ur
terigten. tu(-un iin-du uyau qadqu(ad
a(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin gekn
kengigl keyi. Qubi sarayin dolo(an
inide Baras iln qari bein g qadqu.
tegnilen ali edr bges tere sarayin
qari g qadqu sayin bui 50v.
When setting out on a campaign, if one
adorns oneself with one's yellow things,
rides a fallow horse, holds a yellow
standard, makes sacrifice to one's own
spirit protector, writes down the name of
the commander of the enemy army, sets it
adrift in water, and leads one's soldiers to
the northeast, one will crush the enemy.
As the enemy approaches, if a man with a
blue face wraps his forehead with black
silk, rides a black horse, and signals with
his wooden branch when he goes into
battle, he will crush the enemy.
The running of the Black ingpng
As for a way to shield them off, if one ties
a mirror to the forehead of a goat, and on
it, draws a matrix with nine [squares], like
this [ ], then, in the direction one faces
[the goat], all bad deeds will be avoided.
If one encounters them, read the Golden
Light.
Treatment for a black month
As for a treatment during a black month,
tie nine kinds of wood, the great black tail
of a bull, a bow, a white qada(, as well as
things made from vermillion, sugar,
soldering metal and so forth to the pole of
a standard, and having driven it into the
ground, make a burnt smell (kengsigl) of
white butter and bulls lard, and then stick
[the standard] into the ground in the
contrary Monkey direction of the Tiger
year on the seventh day of the first month.
In this manner, given any day, stick it [in
the ground] in that month's contrary
direction. It will be good.
150
INTRODUCTION

Ritual

If magic is the therapeutic mode, ritual is its means. In the manual the concept

ritual is rendered by a pleonastic figura etymologica (the likes of which are common in

Mongolian language) as ile iled- (to do a deed, produce work, or bring about a result).

This is a very ordinary phrase; however, to understand the concept one must again

understand its context. The essential difference between the work of ritual and mundane

work is that ritual belongs to the instant in time and hence the metaphysical realm, with the

properties thereof, irrationality, illogicality, subjectivity, and chance. In this, ritual pertains

to the true or apparent perception of causation, the paradox of which is stated by Karl Popper

as follows:

Common sense inclines, on the one hand, to assert that every event is caused
by some preceding events, so that every event can be explained or predicted
. . . . On the other hand common sense attributes to mature and sane persons
. . . . the ability to choose freely between alternative possibilities of acting."
(Popper 1982: xix)

In other words, ritual reflects the awesome power of freewill to influence the causal chain.

While logical methods produce logical effects, the irrational methods of ritual produce an

effect which cannot be reached through logical means or produce an effect in a metaphysical

way. Understood as such, ritual has nothing whatsoever to do with belief in god, unknown

forces, or belief in anything. Rather, the context is purely scientific and so long as the

appearance or perception of chance exists, ritual needs be for accomplishing certain tasks.50

50
Schipper and Wang argue that Taoist ritual can be seen as a metaphorical pursuit
of science. The Taoist term for ritual is ke measure; science is ke xue the study of

151
INTRODUCTION

Each ritual act ripples through the causal chain. And because the ritual act is

irrational, its effect in a way is predictable. While an intended act may have unintended

consequences, the consequence of ritual can only be as it is intended to be. In a subjective

world, where perception is everything, the rhetoric of ritual has great power for good or ill,

and is used to cause substantial effects in the physical realm. In the manual these effects are

often in the way of apotropaics, i.e., averting evil, curing illness and black magic, cursing and

repelling curses, and include other familiar forms of magic as well, for instance, weather

magic, causing hail to fall (mndr oro(ul- [32r]), and rainmaking (adala-[32r]).51 Largely,

however, ritual is used in the way promoting good over evil, as in the various forms of

blessings.

Though the forms of ritual practice can and at times must be used to accomplish

certain ends in the material world, perhaps the ultimate function of ritual is transcendence,

to transform the perception of multiplicity, order and duration to one, undifferentiated and

eternal. The time of ritual is true or apparent, i.e., instantaneous. When the manual says

that the ritual is to take place at midnight (sni dli) that means it is to take place at the

precise moment when today is not today, nor tomorrow tomorrow, but when all time is one

and undifferentiated. It is the same when the ritual is to take place at dawn or noon or at the

measure (Schipper 1986: 185).

51
For the pervasiveness of weather magic in Inner Asia, see David Utzs A Sogdian
Thaumaturgical Text from Dunhuang and the Origins of Inner Asian Weather Magic (1998:
101-121).

152
INTRODUCTION

full moon, the new moon, the summer solstice, the autumnal equinox or whenever (Chabros

1992: 11, 21-22; Schipper 1986: 197).

The preeminence of metaphysics over physics elevates the importance of ritual in

society over mundane affairs. This distinction between sacred and mundane is born out in

the manual as follows, The deeds of making a blessing are not the same as worldly deeds

(qutu( oroi(ulqu iles yertin-yin iles-dr adali busu bolai [38r]). This affects the

representation of all the various fields of knowledge and human endeavor. There were laws

in government, but the primary manifestation of government was ritual. Geography was

religious and metaphysical. It goes without saying that there should have been a

conventional political geography. The problem is finding it in the sources (Wylie, Turrell

1965: 17-26). This emphasis on ritual over mundane practice is found in sources on

medicine, architecture, in military records, sources on music, in history, literature and so on.

In this way ritual permeates every aspect of existence. In the manual there are

numerous kinds of ritual forms, implements and the like associated specifically with

Buddhism, but ritual practice, implements, etc. are taken from everyday life as well. For

instance, the phrase aar(-a buura buq-a talbi- to release a stallion, bull camel or bull

refers to a common practice in animal husbandry. However, when the breeding males are

selected from a herd there is a special rite performed over them as well. This is confirmed

in the sky, where the constellation tngri-yin qoriyan (Ch. tianjiu/tien-chiu [Mathews 6361,

1201]), the heavenly corral, is an asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the

north of the 14th Chinese asterism bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad, the culmination of

153
INTRODUCTION

which at the end of winter indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related

rituals (Schlegel 1967: 309-315; cf. also Birtalan 2003: 34-62).

In the earthy ritual practices of its people, Mongolia offers some of the most fertile

ground in the world for the study of ritual. Here Buddhist practice comes in direct contact

with that other world, shamanism and what we perceive as the most primordial aspects of

human culture. In Mongolia, Buddhism coexisted and vied for dominance with shamanism

during the Mongol Empire and then again during the second revival of Buddhism beginning

in the sixteenth century. Pertaining to the later time sources show their conflict entailed

Buddhist aggression against shamans and their ong(od, that is, the felt dolls which held the

spirits of their ancestors (Atwood 1996: 130). During these not necessarily so peaceful times

ritual practices were intermixed. Even so, there has been a strong tendency among scholars

to take the ritual forms out of context and lump them under shamanism or popular

religion, even against obvious textual evidence that certain sources of ritual practice, indeed

the vast majority, are expressly Buddhist compositions. Christopher Atwood has pointed out

that, in assuming all ritual practice was shamanic, scholars associated it with not so much

a particular religious tradition with a particular formation in time and space, but more a

universal stage of religion . . . (Atwood, 1996: 113). Here the forms of ritual, which ought

normally be understand as reflecting different conventions, are treated unduly as universals.

The same occurs when the forms of ritual are treated as archetypes, which C. G. Jung claims

to have originated in humanitys pre-logical collective unconscious. The obverse to this is

found when rituals reason for being, which, in the metaphysical realm of the instant, should

154
INTRODUCTION

be understood as universal, is treated in an evolutionary or culturally relative way as arbitrary

and conventional.

Besides these tendencies, a reason for scholars to understand Buddhist ritual forms

as shamanistic might be that the rituals in question contain terms and concepts familiar in the

study of shamanism but not found in Buddhist philosophy. For instance, Buddhism

consistently teaches the non-existence of the soul, yet in the manual and Buddhist ritual

generally, the soul (snesn), which in Buddhism belongs to the conventional realm, is

commonplace.52 This general confusion stems from the fact that in its distinction between

ultimate and provisional truth, Buddhist rhetoric is contradictory. However, in its heavy

emphasis on magic and demons, ritual practice in the manual reflects the specific influence

of Indian tantric Buddhism, which, itself, is not related so much to Buddhist philosophy as

it is to Buddhist mathematics, which as already discussed, ties into the tradition of

mathematics that was shared across Eurasia (Lopez 1995: 41-43, passim; Stone 1981: 18-24).

When it comes to the ritual aspect of mathematics, tracing origins is not easy.53

Sometimes antecedents can be discerned through numerology, cosmology, in the stars to

which a ritual is timed, color schemes, latent patterns, the use of characteristic implements,

and other various forms of textual evidence. Still, it is often difficult to establish the

52
In his article Calling the Soul: A Mongolian Litany Charles Bawden associates
the common Buddhist practice of summoning the soul (snesn alaqu) with shamanism.
For other studies of this type of ritual practice, see Lessing (1976) and Chiodo (1996: 153ff).

53
For an excellent study of how a specific ritual practice changes over time, see Sela
(2004).

155
INTRODUCTION

direction of influence. Scholars of ancient Greek culture are tempted to attribute the fire cult

and even Platos notion of the soul to Central Asian shamanism (Burkert 1972: passim;

Kingsley 1995: passim). However, given the influence of tantric ritual on shamanism, and

the influence of Greek mathematics upon India, perhaps the direction of influence is the other

way around. Still, one should not take the influence of Buddhist ritual in Inner Asia to

suggest, as De Santillana does in Hamlets Mill, that shamanism derives from Buddhism.

De Santillana writes:

The world conception of Ural-Altaic shamanism has been successfully traced

back to India (under Hinduistic and Buddhistic aspects including Tibetan
Lamaism and Bon-po) as well as Iran. When reading Radloffs many
volumes one finds insufficiently disguised Bodhisattvas at every corner
(Manjirae = Manjusri, Maider = Maitreya, etc.). (De Santillana, 123)

There is no disguise here. These are simply Mongolian forms of Sanskrit terms. The

assimilation of Buddhist terms into shamanism is an historical phenomenon, one which does

not define shamanism in the time of the Mongol Empire, nor comprehensively define it from

the 16th century to the present.

This points to a second major problem of the historical method, its reliance on textual

evidence. It only stands to reason that the great wealth of cuneiform texts should entice one

to posit origins in ancient Mesopotamia. However, this allure can be a kind of mirage that

deceives one into thinking that all knowledge sprung from the fertile crescent (Miller, Roy

Andrew 1988: 1). This is not necessarily the case however, for universal knowledge, that is,

knowledge of what is simple and natural, can originate anywhere. Even so, while the ignis

fatuus of ancient Mesopotamia as the ultimate source of learning can be dispelled

156
INTRODUCTION

temporarily by new evidence, it is the very nature of academic work, in particular the study

of traditional mathematics and ancient knowledge systems, that it will always reappear over

another question. Using the fire cult as an example, forms of fire ritual are common in

Mongolia prior to the coming of Buddhism, in early Buddhism, throughout Eurasia and in

ancient Mesopotamia as well (Atwood 2004: 178-179; Langdon 1956: 859). Is it possible

to trace influence all the back to Mesopotamia, and, if not, should we assume fire offerings

originate there anyway?

This leads to a further problem, are certain things such as fire particularly amenable

to ritual? How does one study or comprehend such a thing? What about the soul? Is it

universal? These kinds of questions have their place, but ultimately, as the language and

forms of ritual reflect the conventions of different mathematical (knowledge) systems, these

questions should not preclude nor precede a comparative, historical approach that proceeds

in small steps.

In the ritual forms found in the manual native Mongolian terms with antecedents in

shamanism, such as the ong(od cited above, are found together with what is predominantly

a mix of Hindu tantric ritual and Chinese ritual forms that have been incorporated into the

Tibetan Buddhist tradition. This comes to the Mongols early on via Uigur Turks, elements

of whose own ritual culture, are also found, and then later, directly from Tibet. Besides these

antecedents, there are also Pythagorean elements from the Greeks and Mesopotamian

influences as well.

157
INTRODUCTION

A remaining problem is that just because a ritual practice belongs to one tradition,

does not mean that it cannot be borrowed by another. What is essential to remember is that

ritual can and at times must be seen in terms of science, knowledge systems, not religion.

In other words, religion or metaphysics must be seen not as independent of, but, rather,

interdependent with science. If a Christian begins to pay homage to the Buddha we perceive

he is no longer Christian, but Buddhist. If he begins practicing Buddhist rituals, he is

Buddhist. At the same time, though in the way of ordering chaos we borrow Babylonian

hours based on Babylonian gods the likes of Marduk, Jupiter, we do not perceive ourselves

to be followers of Marduk. People borrow Christian chronology, based on the life of Jesus

of Nazareth, but this does not make them all Christian. These, however, are merely

conventional perceptions. To take the opposing point of view, while on the one hand it is

possible for one to follow both Jesus and Buddha, on the other hand anyone who accepts

Christian chronology, follows Jesus Christ. For our borrowing of the Babylonian hours, our

daily practice makes us worshipers of Marduk. Thus if one simply changes ones perception

of ritual from its conventional to its universal aspect, there is no reason for precluding the

existence of one knowledge system based on the borrowing of the ritual practices of another.

In this way there is no reason why, in the way of causing magical effects, shamans can not

borrow Buddhist ritual forms and still be shamans.

If an apotropaic ritual can treats every possible illness and belong to every specialist.,

why could it not belong to the shaman as well? If it did, this would not mean that there is

no difference between a shaman and a Buddhist for, if the Mongolian people nonetheless

158
INTRODUCTION

understand a difference between mathematicians, astrologers, magicians and physicians, why

wouldnt they understand a difference between a shaman as well? Such is the apparent

reality. In his travels through Mongolia in the 1890s, the Russian scholar Pozdneyev noted:

about twenty Mongol shamans live in [Urga, present day Ulaanbaatar],

although they, properly, may be considered shamanists . . . . all the Urga
shamans are at the same time Buddhists . . . . [here] shamanism exists, not as
any kind of religion, but as soothsaying or fortune telling . . . . (Pozdneyev
1971: 87)

Though it is important to remember that mathematics is a unique tradition of its own

and as such often incongruent with Buddhist teaching, as the relegation of mathematics to

the conventional realm makes clear, the manual is ultimately a Buddhist text. Its language

reflects Buddhist law and culture. Especially extensive in the manual are the forms of ritual

practice, for these largely comprise the omen conditions. For the terminology of Buddhist

law and ritual, see the Subject Vocabulary. Of this terminology, incorporated in the calendar

are the Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination, given in the manual in a colloquial form,

itn barildaqui, instead of the standard itn barildul(-a. Here the various stages of

dependent origination are paired with the twelve animal cycle. This indicates their order

(which varies in some sources). Also, as the forms differ slightly in sources, the list

compiled by Lessing (under sityn barildul(-a) is given for comparison (Lessing, 1183). See

also Pozdneyevs excellent description (1978: 127-133). For the Tibetan context see Cornu

(1997: 41-46).

IV.6 The Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination/itn Barildaqui

159
INTRODUCTION

Manual Lessing Tibetan Sanskrit English Animal

Translation
mungqa( mungqa( ma-rig-pa avidy ignorance tiger
iledki quran du-byed samskra activity hare
ildeki
medeki teyin rnam-par vijnna consciousness dragon
medeki shes-pa
ner-e ngge/ ner-e ngge ming-dang- nmarpa name and snake
ngge ni(ur gzugs form

ir(u(an trn skye-mched sadyatana six senses horse

orod tgeki drug
krteki krteki reg-pa sparsa contact ram
sereki sereki tshor-ba vedan sensation monkey
quriaqui quraaqui sred-pa tr}s}n~} desire cock
abqui iqula abqui len-pa updna accepting dog
bolqui sansar srid-pa bhava becoming pig
trki trl skye-ba cyuti birth rat
telki telki rgad-shi jarmarana old age and ox
kki kk death

The manual also refers to a number of ritual implements and symbols. Those drawn

in the calendar and in the sections of the text that correspond with the them are listed below:

IV.7 Symbols of the Times of Various Spirits

160
INTRODUCTION

1. rug (debisker)

a) variegated rug (ala( debisker)

The symbol of the day when gods and demons battle is a variegated

rug (20v, 43r).

b) square black rug (drbelin qara debisker)

The symbol of day when the violent [spirits] of the planets (gara() search

for food is a square black rug (20v, 44r).

2. square (drbelin)

a) three-eyed square ((urban nidt drbelin)

The symbol of the day when the dog of the earth looks for food is a

three-eyed square (20v, 44r).

3. drop (dusul)

a) two black drops (qoyar qara dusul)

The symbol of the day when the ginggang run is two black drops (20v, 43r)

b) one red drop (nigen ula(an dusul)

The symbol of the day when the baling do(in run is one red drop (20v).

The symbol of the day when the servants of the gara(, the

baling do(in, seek food [for their lords] is one red drop (40r).

c) one black drop (nigen qara dusul)

The symbol of the lesser black day is one black drop (20v, 41v).

d) three black drops ((urban qara dusul)

161
INTRODUCTION

The symbol of the empty day is three black drops (20v).

The symbol of the days when the good and bad auspices are seen by the

conjunction of the nakshatra with the twelve years is three black

drops (46v).

e) variegated drop (ala( dusul)

The symbol of the day when mendicants return empty-handed is a

variegated drop (20v, 43v).

4. jewel (erdeni)

The symbol of the day of holy water (raiyan) is the jewel (20r).

a) upward facing jewel (degegi qandu(san erdeni)

The symbol of the seven occasions for ambrosia is the upward facing

jewel (44v).

b) downward facing jewel (doro(i qandu(san erdini)

The symbol of the day to die is a downward facing jewel (20r).

5. wish-fulfilling jewel (jindamuni)

a) upward facing wish-fulfilling jewel (gede qandu(san jindamuni)

The symbol of the day in which happiness abides is an upward facing

wish-fulfilling jewel (20r).

The symbol of the seven occasions when happiness abides is a

wish-fulfilling jewel that faces upward (44v).

b) downward facing wish-fulfilling jewel (doro(i qandu(san jindamuni)

162
INTRODUCTION

The inauspicious symbol of an occasion for death is a wish-fulfilling

jewel that faces downward (45r).

c) black wish-fulfilling jewel (qara jindamuni)

The symbol of a sinful day is a black wish-fulfilling jewel (20r, 45r).

4. lance ((adusun/(adasun)

a) downward facing lance (doro(i qandu(san (adusun)

The symbol of the day when the eight classes (naiman ayima() assemble

is a downward facing lance (20r, 39r).

b) upward facing lance (gede qandu(san (adusun)

The symbol of the day when the eight classes (naiman ayima() return

is an upward facing lance (20r, 39r).

5. triangle ((urbalin)

a) red triangle ((urbalin ula(an)

The symbol of the impoverishing day is a red triangle (20v).

b) black triangle ((urbalin qara)

The symbol of a great black day is a black triangle (20v).

6. skull cup (gabala)

The symbol of the day when Okin tngri descends is a skull cup (20r, 47r).

7. cross (solbi(san iruqai)

a) variegated cross (solbi(san ala( iruqai)

The symbol of the day when not to inter a corpse is a two-colored cross (20r).

163
INTRODUCTION

b) black cross (solbi(san qara iruqai)

The symbol of the day for burning is the black cross (20v, 20v, 44r).

8. blue lake (kke na(ur)

The symbol of the day when the Naga kings assemble is a blue

lake (20r, 39v).

9. sun (nara)

a) red sun (ula(an nara)

The symbol of the day when the Naga kings return is a red sun (20r, 39v).

b) black sun (qara nara)

The symbol of the day when imnus demons are vanquished is the

black sun (20r, 45r).

10. eye (nidn)

a) variegated eye (ala( nidn)

The symbol of the day when Bati bata runs is a variegated eye (20v).

11. sickle (qada(ur)

The symbol of the day of annihilation is a sickle (20v).

a) black cycle (qara qada(ur)

The symbol of the day when run the destructive lords of the earth is a

black sickle (43v).

12. pitcher (qumq-a)

The symbol of the glorious day is the pitcher (20r, 47r).

164
INTRODUCTION

13. moon (sar-a)

a) yellow moon (ara sar-a)

1) upward facing yellow moon (gede qandu(san ara sar-a)

The symbol of the day when the Powers (erketen) congregate is

the upward facing yellow moon (20r).

2) downward facing yellow moon (doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a)

The symbol of the day when the Powers return is the downward

facing yellow moon (20r).

b) downward facing black moon (doro(i qandu(san qara sara)

The symbol of the day when the dog of heaven looks for food is the

downward facing black moon (20v).

14. stupa (subur(-a)

a) downward facing stupa (doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a)

The symbol of the day of the imnus demons is the downward facing

stupa (20r, 45r).

15. razor (tong(ori()

The symbol of the day when Mahkla descends is a razor (20r, 47r).

16. letter (sg)

a) black [Tibetan] letter ki (qara ging sg)

The symbol of the day when the ginggang look for food is a black

letter, "king" (20v).

165
INTRODUCTION

b) black [Tibetan] letter tshe (qara jva sg)

The symbol of the ferocious day is the black letter, "tshe" (20r).

c) black [Tibetan] letter zi (qara jii/ji sg)

The symbol of the day when the (black) ingpng54 run is the black letter,

"zi" (20v, 42v).

d) [Tibetan] letter sa (sa sg)

1) red [Tibetan] letter sa (ula(an sa sg)

The symbol of the day when the Lords of the Earth congregate is

the red letter, "sa" (20r).

2) black [Tibetan] letter sa (qara sa sg)

The symbol of the day when the Lords of the Earth return is

the black letter, "sa" (20r).

e) red [Tibetan] letter a (ula(an aa sg)

The symbol of the day when the sages55 speak is the red letter, ")A" (20r).

The symbol of the bad day which foretold by sages [such as] Yang

Gungyi is a red letter, a (47v).

17. vajra (vair)

The symbol of the day when the eight classes congregate is a

vajra (20r, 38r).

54
For Singpng, Tib. Zin p'ung, a kind of genius loci, cf. Waddell 1978: 458.
55
ari; Tib. drang srong; S. rshi. Cf. Lessing, p. 1161.

166
INTRODUCTION

a) half vajra (arimdu( vair)

The symbol of the day when the eight classes return is a

half-vajra (20r, 38r).

Supernatural Beings

According to the rhetoric of absolute time and strict determinism, god does not exist.

This notion gained prominence in Western civilization during the scientific revolution

inspired largely by the physics of Isaac Newton (Leon 1999: 163-183), but its antecedents

reach back to antiquity. Plato notes in the Laws, that in the days of Anaxagoras (500-?428

BC), it was commonly held that astrology (that is, the determinism of mathematics) led to

atheism (Burkert 1972: 325). Under this rhetoric god is commonly spoken of in terms of

belief or unbelief. However, under the rhetoric of true or apparent time and

indeterminancy, the question of god is not one of belief or disbelief, but of perception. God

is empirically real, experienced commonly in everyday life in innumerable facets. That the

void is god is a self-evident truth. The first cause is god a priori, induced logically from the

apparent chain of causation in nature. As al-Brni notes, Hindus speak of god as a point,

referring to that to which the qualities of bodies do not apply (Sachau 1971: 32). Though a

point has no quantity, no length, width nor thickness, it is by means of the point that order

is derived from chaos. The point is paradoxical. As Zeno of Elea notes, if the world were

logical, Achilles could not pass a tortoise if the tortoise had a head start because even if

Achilles runs ten times faster, when he reaches the point the tortoise was, the tortoise would

167
INTRODUCTION

be ahead. Paradox, arising from the irrationality of an infinite universe, is a form of god.

If one were to stand between the tracks of a cart as they extend across an expansive plain, one

could see god on the horizon, for that point is infinite. Infinity is a word for god. That which

breaks the law of contradiction is god, the beginning and the end, unity and multiplicity at

once. The ineffable is god. Although Albert Einstein did not believe in chance, chance

appears to exist in nature; chance is a form of god; and so on, and so on. From this point of

view, mathematics is the subject most near and dear to god.56

Demons also have a basis in science. Inextricably linked with causation, demons, as

the agents of change, represent the influence of random chance in daily life. Demons create

obstacles which hinder mundane progress or fate (SE II 153; Krueger 1965: 250). However,

while generally their role is negative, demons are known to affect positive change as well.

It is only that the status quo is generally seen as good, that demons are generally seen as evil.

In the manual are a host of metaphysical beings. Foremost among them is Majuri

(Manjuari), the Celestial Architect and patron of mathematics, who holds the book of

wisdom and wields the sword of knowledge (Waddell 1978: 355-356; Cornu 1997: 39;

Getty 1988: 109-113). Other well-known deities of the Buddhist pantheon include Amitbha

(Amindiu-a), the fourth dhyni-Buddha and the ethereal form of kyamuni (Getty 1988: 37-

39); the dharmaplas Lha-mo (Okin tngri), the girl god (RRS, 430-432; Waddell 1978: 334,

364; ODT, 23), Yama (Erlig; kln een), ruler of hell, god of death, comparable to Pluto

(Getty 1988: 152-153), and Mahkla (Maqagala/ Mahagala) "The Great Black One

56
This was Platos view (Burkert 1972: 325).

168
INTRODUCTION

proclaimed tutelary deity of Mongolia from the time of Altan Khan in the sixteenth century

(ODT, 38-67; Getty 1988: 160-162); and the wife of Siva, Uma (Clarke 1965: 177).57 Lesser

gods and demons commonly found in Buddhist sources going back to India are the asura

(asuri), a class of demi-gods, enemies of the gods in Hindu mythology, comparable to the

titans in Greek mythology (Lessing, 1161; Waddell 1978: 81-82); rksasa

(ra(as/ra(is/ra(is), ogres, demons associated with the Yeaks, a Dravidian people from

the south of India (Hackin 1963: 214-215; ODT, 14, passim); and the yaksha (ya(as/yaa(-

a), a class of demigods, guardians of riches attendants of the god of wealth (Bisman-Kubera),

sometimes described as evil (Lessing, 1172; ODT, 663; Waddell 1978: 84; Cornu 1997:

252).

In addition to these, heaven and the celestial bodies have a metaphysical aspect. The

Mongolian term for god is tngri (heaven); the nakshatra are divided into clans, the eminently

accommodating clan (mai okilan obo(), the eminently just clan (mai tbin obo(), the

vacillating restless clan (urbau l tbidk obo(), and so on; they bestow various destinies

as in the eight fortunate nakshatra (li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar), and assume

various forms, such as the carnivorous elephant (miqai a(an). The planets (gara() are

known as seizers in Indian astrology because they lay hold of the fates of men with their

supernatural influence (Burgess 1859: 275). For the most part that influence is harmful. The

planets are known to be violent (do(in gara() and go about destroying life in search of food

(idei eriki). Among the five planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, as Jupiter

57
For a full list of the supernatural beings in the text see the Subject Vocabulary.

169
INTRODUCTION

plays a special role in the calendrical systems of both India and China, it takes on special

supernatural manifestations accordingly. In the Chinese calendrical system, the position of

Jupiter denoted the year and so was known as the year star Taisui (il-n Tayisui), but as that

position became an abstraction, Taisui became a doppelgnger, the yin counterpart to the

planet Jupiter, and a star god that presides over the year (compare Indra). Similarly in Indian

astronomy are two imaginary planets, Rhu and Ketu, the moons ascending and descending

nodes respectively. They are demons who devour the sun or moon at eclipses. Rhu in

particular has a detailed assortment of attributes and forms, one of which is the Tibetan king

kang (ginggang), a terrifying deity (DO, 548; ODT, 147). All together these comprise

various forms of a week either seven, eight, or nine days long. As such they are the rulers

of their time.

Also in the way of mastering time, there is a twelve day cycle of Chinese origin

known in Mongolian as the twelve lords (arban qoyar ein). These each have specific

powers as the one that masters (eilegi), the one that purifies (aril(a(i), the one that fills

(dgrgi), etc. The times themselves are supernatural. There are black times when the

day, month, year, and hours (il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara) manifest roaming demons.

Numerous kinds of demons are found in the manual. The ada demons are borrowed

from Uygur in which the term has the primary meaning danger (Clauson 1972: 40). They

manifest in different ways in different sources. Nebesky-Wojkowitz associates the ada with

Tibetan chung sri, a type of demon which attacks children (ODT, 539). Charles Bawden

believes the term is more commonly connected with Tibetan gdon, demons which also prey

170
INTRODUCTION

on children but have other aims as well (SE I, 234, n. 58). Sometimes these demons afflict

children in particular (gked-n ada). Other times they simply bring illness (ebedin

ada) or harm and trouble (qoor ada). The ada demons are often combined with todqor

demons, which also act independently on occasion. These again come from Uygur and have

the primary meaning obstacle, hindrance. The Mongolian term for obstacle, hindrance

(qari) is another form of demon (Lessing, 940).

The eliy-e demons are described by C.R. Bawden as "an evil hostile spirit in the form

of a bird, goblin, devil," Tib. 'gon po. Tib. 'gon po, he notes, is equivalent in the pentaglot

dictionary to Mo. klin, Manchu ekin, "an ugly demon. "Eliy-e," is given here he says,

"as a terrifying demon . . . . mentioned as the agent of disease or death without any

indications that would serve to define its nature more exactly." However, the pentaglot

dictionary gives for eliy-e Tib. bya 'dre, which Jschke translates as "a winged diabolical

creature, harpy" (SE I, 243-245). To this description it should be added that one meaning for

eliy-e is as a hawk-like bird, another is a kind of demon. In the pre-classical language initial

h- distinguished bird (heliy-e) from demon (Golden 2000: 198A6, 186C20, 200A25). In the

manual these demons also sometimes attack children (gked-n eliy-e).

The imnu demons originally come to the Mongols through Uygur mnu from

Sogdian (Christian) imn, meaning demon, evil spirit. In Buddhism the term imnu is

commonly associated with The Evil One, The Tempter Tibetan Bdud; Sanskrit Mra

(Lessing, 710, 1183; Ligeti 1974: 393-395). Pozdneyev describes them as follows: simnus,

or silmu(s), T. bdud, from S. ama, tranquility, and na, destruction. These are spirits which

171
INTRODUCTION

entangle one in a web of passion and try to involve them in sins to shake their faith. They

are instigators of sensual enjoyment, rulers of the sam}s~ra, adversaries of nirvana. There are

four kinds (drben imnus-ud): those of heaven which instigate lasciviousness; those of the

body which bring ignorance; those of the spirit which cause anger; and those of the king of

death which promote avarice (RRS, 645). Besides these there are black imnu demons (qara

imnus), imnus that hunt (grgein imnus), and those that fight with gods (tngri im[n]us

(adqulduqu).

Other kinds of demons include the albin/alban which sometimes ensnare victims in

their devils net (albin salm-a) or manifest themselves as bandits (albin-u degeremei); and

the idker, pl. idkd, which occasionally disturb corpses (kger-n idkd) or those who

are beloved (engkri idkd); the wolf (inu-a), i.e., the lubin or werewolf, serves as minion

to the planets (gara(-ud-un inu-a) or to Erlig khan, the lord of the underworld (erlig-n

inu-a); also belonging to the Lord of Death are the modun erlig (wooden erlig [ODT 82; SE

I, 238, n. 70]); the luus-un qad (dragon kings) are the minions of the Ngas (Waddell 1978:

345, n. 1; ODT, 32); the five senses (erketen) bedevil one at times; and so on.

Demons descend (ba(uqu) into reality and run (gyk) their course, wreaking havoc

and injury.58 When something sets them in motion (udusq-a [DO, 723a; MMAD, 14, note

28]), they set out in search for food (idei eri-) and bedevil (adala-). To become intimate

with demons is to be possessed (nki- [Lessing, 593]). To be touched by a demon is to fall

ill (ada-du krte-). They must be crushed (daru-) or suppressed (daru(ul-), or if not then

58
For the place of residence of the spirits cf. Rachmati 1972: #19.

172
INTRODUCTION

pacified (nomo(adqa-) or expelled (lde-). To influence their running, terms for preventing

or inviting them deal with geometric forms associated with travel and passage, such as lines

and circles. One finds rituals given to stopping up a hole through which demons may enter

the body, or rituals involving the cutting of a rope through which demons might pass

(Srkzi 1985; 39-44; 1989: 321). For the same reason, days for cutting one's hair and

fingernails are regulated. Conversely, once demons have taken possession of the body and

are said to be running, they are expelled through a substitute (M. joli( or joliy-a), which is

then burned, buried in the ground or thrown away (RRS, 559-561, 591-594; Srkzi 1989:

316-322).

The means of pacifying and expelling demons can become demonic or supernatural

as well. Such is the case for the baling do(in (Tib. gtor ma; S. bali), a food offering to

deities, usually made of dough kneaded into various (often pyramidal) shapes (Lessing, 80;

RRS, 426-428); oliy-a mr (ransom path), the road on which the ransom figure is to be cast;

cf. the "yas" road (Waddell 1978: 458); and modun gokimoi (withering wood), which is

wood decorated with cloth and expelled as a ransom figure (SE II, 173, n. 78).

As with perceived ritual and medical practices such as calling the soul and

expelling illness through a substitute, there is a tendency among scholars to associate demons

with native Mongolian folk religion or shamanism and not with Buddhism (SE I 234, n. 58;

ODT 539). However, the context for the vast majority of texts is Buddhist tantra, in which

demons play an active role. The Mongolian version of the Pacaraks, for instance, a

primary object of which is to suppress all negative influences in the world, cites a wide

173
INTRODUCTION

assortment of demons including ada, todqar, tidker, idkr, and imnu, all of which

translate forms that go back to Sanskrit (Aalto 1961: passim).

Demons not only haunt people and objects, but places as well. Among the spirits of

places are the ingpng/ingbng [Tib. Zin p'ung (Waddell 1978: 458)] and the lords of land

and water ((aar usun-u eid S. bhmipati; Tib. sa-bdag). These are said to be infinite in

number (TEDP, 120, 419; Waddell 1978: 371-372; RRS, 522).

Oft counted among these lords of the earth are deities which actually have their

origins in the heavens. For instance the blue dragon (kke luu) refers to the Blue Dragon of

spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn (a(an baras) , the Red Bird of

summer (ula(an aa(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up

the four Chinese sky animals (Needham 1959: 242; Sun and Kistmaker 1997: 113-119); the

foot of the blue dragon (kke luu-yin kl) refers to the third Chinese lunar mansion (Ch. di/ti

(Mathews 6187) foundation), which lies at the end of the eastern spring palace, comprising

four stars (Schlegel 1967: 102); and so on. A list of the star spirits found in the manual

(excluding those related to the planets and nakshatra) follows:

IV.8 Star Spirits

1. altan ordo the golden celestial palace (Dor, v. 6, p. 11, v. 9, p. 21), 49r.

2. amatu sn-e ?milk at the mouth; given as another name for Burvabadaribad (S.

Purvabhdrapada), 34r; also known as yeke amatu sn-e, 33v.

174
INTRODUCTION

3. a(an baras the White Tiger of autumn, which, together with the Red Bird of summer,

the Blue Dragon of spring (kke luu), and the Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei)

make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall 1984: passim; Needham 1959: 242; Sun and

Kistmaker 1997: 113-119), 41r, 49r, 49r, 49r.

4. a(an baras-un kl the leg of the white tiger, i.e., the base of the western constellation

of autumn, the White Tiger, 49r.

5. a(an baras-un niru(un the back of the white tiger tiger, i.e., the heart or middle of

the western constellation of autumn, the White Tiger, 49r.

6. a(an baras-un terign the head of the white tiger, i.e., the head of the western

constellation of autumn, the White Tiger, 49r.

7. ua( [Tib. chu-tshags]; 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jschke, 158; TEDP, 129-132), 49v

8. dada qan [Ch. tianhuang dadi/tien-huang ta-di]; Emperor Dada; a Chinese asterism

comprising one star, Polaris, the North Pole; known as the central palace of heaven and ruler

of the sky (Schlegel 1967: 523; Staal 1984: 126; Allred 2002: 117); the pole star is

commonly referred to in Mongolian as Altan (adasu the golden spike (TU, 896), 49v.

9. dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; while Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here

is likely to an asterism, dayang, so named because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel,

1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the Mongolian star naran (TU, 903), 49v.

10. dayiwang tayiqu [Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother and father

of the emperor; as one of the four demons of a bride, context suggests that this pair belong

175
INTRODUCTION

as one (52r); compare the celestial emperor (tianwang) and the heavenly empress (tianhou

[Schlegel 1967: 100, 149, 164]), 53r.

11. degreng sang ?full treasury; there are numerous Chinese asterisms related to

granaries (cf. Schlegel 1967: 117, 337, 381), 49r.

12. doto(adu ordo internal palace; the northern circumpolar stars; in China, India and

ancient Mesopotamia the sky is divided into three divisions, outer, middle, and inner, the

middle being the stars of the ecliptic, outer, the stars south of the ecliptic; and inner, the

northern and circumpolar stars (Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243, 255-257); a binary division

of the sky is also found, in which the inner palace refers to the stars beyond the twenty-

eight lunar mansions (Ch. xiu); this again indicates the northern circumpolar stars (Allred,

2002: 12; Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243); the inner palace is also represented by specific

constellations, the six stars of gouzhen (angular arranger, in Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and

Cepheus), nine stars of wei (the tail, the 6th xiu) and four stars of ji (the basket, the 7th xiu

[Ho 1966: 67, 97-98]), 49r.

13. (aar-un egde [Tib. sa-sgo]; the earthly gate; a celestial passageway, counterpart

to the heavenly gate (tngri-yin egde); in the manual the earthly gate refers to the nakshatra

Barani (S. Bharan} [33r]); through these gateways spirits pass, often bringing negative

influence (TEDP, 86; ODT, 285-298; Krueger 1976: 207, 234, 253, 272; Srkzi 1989: 320;

Dollfus 1994), 33r.

14. (aar-un noqai the dog of the earth; mundane or earthly counterpart to the Dog of

Heaven (tngri-yin noqai), 20v.

176
INTRODUCTION

15. janggn/sanggn [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chn, the general (Mathews 656.h.13)] ike

jangjun tenggeri (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/tien-ta-chiang-chn (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel 1967: 339; Staal 1984: 55; Allen 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun, (TEDP, 122-126), 8r, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

16. il-n Tayisui [Ch. taisui jinian (Ho 2003: 32-33); Tib. lo-skar che-ba]; see under

tayisui, 55v.

17. obalang-un tngri [Ch. huo calamity; misfortune; judgements from heaven,

(Mathews 2399); Tib. pung lha]; god of suffering; ike jobalanggun tenggeri (Pentaglot,

17450, p. 998), 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 56v.

18. kke luu [Ch. canglong/ tsang-lung (Mathews 6714, 4258)]; the Blue Dragon of

spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn (a(an baras) , the Red Bird of

summer (ula(an aa(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up

the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall 1984: passim.; Needham, 1959: 242; and Sun and

Kistmaker 1997: 113-119), 49r, 49r.

19. kke luu-yin kl the foot of the blue dragon; refers to the third Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. di/ti (Mathews 6187) foundation); it lies at the end of the eastern spring

palace, the Blue Dragon, comprising four stars (Schlegel 1967: 102), 49r.

177
INTRODUCTION

20. kke luu-yin niru(un the back of the blue dragon; refers to the second Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. gang/kang [Mathews 3273] throat); it lies in the midst of the eastern spring

palace, the Blue Dragon, and comprises four stars (Schlegel 1967: 93), 49r.

21. kke luu-yin terign the head of the blue dragon; refers to the first Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. jiao/chiao [Mathews 1174] horn); it lies at the head of the eastern spring

palace, the Blue Dragon, comprising two stars, " and . Virgo, (Schlegel 1967: 87), 49r.

22. luu-yin qutu( dragons bliss; this likely refers to the Chinese asterism tianfu/tien-fu

(Mathews 6359, 1978) celestial bliss comprising two stars, perhaps 3 Scorpii and 8

Librae; the association with the dragon lies in that it is located in the palace of the Blue

Dragon of Spring (Ho 1966: 83), 49r.

23. qangpan qongpan Queen Qangpan (TEDP, 122), 53r.

24. qara yasutu meneki the black-shelled turtle; refers to the Black Tortoise of winter,

which, together with the Blue Dragon of spring (kke luu), the White Tiger of autumn (a(an

baras), and the Red Bird of summer (ula(an aa(ai), make up the four Chinese sky

animals, (cf. Stall 1984: passim.; Needham 1959: 242; Sun and Kistmaker 1997: 113-119),

49r.

25. qo(osun qumq-a empty pitcher, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r,

58v.

26. sang quriyang(ui treasure collection; perhaps this refers to the Chinese constellation

gulou/ku-lou (Mathews 3496, 4143), the treasury, comprising ten stars in the lower center

of Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 136), 49r.

178
INTRODUCTION

27. sarayin (al fire of the moon; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the

Indian Srya Siddhnta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess 1959: 379-

383); these malignant aspects are said to result in "consuming fire" and at these moments the

time is "forbidden for all works (l sedk); see "fiery lunar days"in Cornu (1997: 212),

9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

28. sarayin qo(osun [Ch. yuekong]; moon void; an imaginary celestial spirit (cf. Ho

2003: 122-123), 40r.

29. sing ?(49v).

30. sng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565)]; an asterism comprising one star; it represents

the state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as

0 Serpens (1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (1984: 135); (cf. also TU, 899), 49v.

31. tayisui [Ch. taisui/tai-sui (Mathews 6020.a 22)]; Jupiter; the "Great Year" star in

Chinese astrology; yin counterpart to the planet Jupiter; a star god that presides over the year;

cf. Smith, Chinese Astrology (1992: 6, 11); compare the Hindu god, Indra, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r,

12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; 55v.

32. tngri-yin ayul ?heavenly danger, 49r.

33. tngri-yin i(ta(-a the celestial rope; this asterism is ista (S. Jyes}t}h~), comprising

three stars that form an almost straight line (Burgess 1859: 337), 33v, 34r.

34. tngri-yin egde(n)/egde [Tib. gnam-sgo; Ch. tianmen/tien-men]; the heavenly

gate; a constellation comprising two stars in Virgo; it marks the arrival of the vernal equinox

(Schlegel 1967: 488); according to the Vaidrya dKar-po, it is through the heavenly gate that

179
INTRODUCTION

people are exposed to avalanches, lightning bolts, stroke and epilepsy; these calamities are

remedied by ritual thread crosses; the term also refers to the smoke-hole of a Mongolian tent

(TEDP, 86, note 92; ODT, 369-397; Dor, v. 6, 1966: 36; Ho, 1966: 91; Camman 1963: 20;

Srkzi 1989: 320), 33r, 33r, 49r, 49v, 59r.

35. tngri-yin erdeni [Ch. tian bao/tien pao]; the heavenly jewel (Dor, v. 6, p. 11), 49r.

36. tngri-yin (al fire of heaven; in Chinese sources the celestial fire is Antares, also

known as anti-Ares, peer of Mars (Schafer 1977: 117), 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r,13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r.

37. tngri-yin mr [tianjie/tian-chieh]; the heavenly way; perhaps the first star of the

Northern Dipper (Allred 2002: 65); perhaps an asterism comprising two stars between the

Pleiades and Hyades; this asterism is said to guard barriers, passes, and the frontier of the

empire (Schlegel 1967: 372-373), 49r.

38. tngri-yin (qara) noqai [Ch. tiangou/tien-gou; Tib. gnam-khyi]; the dog of heaven;

a demonic star spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin qara noqai (the black dog of

heaven [55r, 55v]); this refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/tien-kou, comprising

seven stars, including ( and h of Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; TU, 916; Staal 1984:

152-153); the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout

Eurasia; it likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under

gebri), (Allen, 1963: 120-134), 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55r, 55v.

39. tngri-yin okin the daughter of heaven [=Vima], 32v.

40. tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace, 49r.

180
INTRODUCTION

41. tngri-yin qo(olai ?the throat of heaven, (49v).

42. tngri-yin qoriyan [Ch. tianjiu/tien-chiu (Mathews 6361, 1201)]; the heavenly corral;

an asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the north of the 14th Chinese

asterism bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad; the culmination of this asterism at the end of

winter indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related rituals, (Schlegel,

1967: 309-315; Staal, 1984: 98-99; TU, 1991: 910), 49r.

43. tngri-yin qula(ai ?the heavenly thief, 49r.

44. tngri-yin sang heavenly treasure; a constellation comprising six stars under Auvani

[= 16th Chinese lunar mansion, lou (TU, 912)], 49r.

45. tngri-yin segder ?the shadow of heaven, 49v.

46. ula(an aa(ai [Ch. zhuque/ chu-cheh red bird (Mathews 1346.17)]; red magpie;

refers to the Red Bird of summer, which together with the Blue Dragon (kke luu), the White

Tiger (a(a(an bars) and the Black Tortoise (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four

Chinese sky animals (Stall 1984: passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker

1997: 113-119), 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 48r, 49r.

47. ker-n sn the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to

the Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice, (Schlegel,

1967: 492), 49r.

48. vimading ?(49v).

49. yeke tngri great god (cf. Waddell, 372, n. 2), 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r.

181
INTRODUCTION

Of these star spirits one that has an especially extensive demonology in both

Mongolian and Tibetan sources is the dog of heaven (tngri-yin noqai; Tib. gnam-khyi). Also

known as the black dog of heaven (tngri-yin qara noqai), in the manual a section given to

its descent describes seven parts of the dogs body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine,

tail and belly (55r). This refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/tien-kou, comprising

seven stars, including ( and h of Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; TU 1990: 916; Staal

1984: 152-153). This constellation likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the Dog

Star, and belongs to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout Eurasia (Allen 1963: 120-

134; TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-296; Dor, v. 1, 1966: 27, 60).

Almost all of the star spirits found in the manual are identifiable in Chinese sources.

This is true for the star spirits in the Vaidurya dkar-po (TEDP, passim) and in the Uygur

Turfan texts as well (Rachmati 1972: #14, pp. 310-312). In the manual some of these are

given in transcription of the Chinese, as in Mongolian dayang for Chinese dayang/ta-yang.

and sng for Chinese song/sung. Other terms translate the Chinese as in the case of

Mongolian tngri-yin egden for Chinese tianmen/tien-men the heavenly gate and tngri-yin

mr for Chinese tianjie/tian-chieh the heavenly way. Sometimes the Mongolian form is

a transcription of Tibetan as in ua( for Tibetan chu-tshags, a sieve or watering pot

(Jschke, 158; TEDP, 129-132). Other times both Mongolian and Tibetan forms transcribe

Chinese as in Mongolian janggn/sanggn, Tibetan tsan-kun for Chinese jiangjun/chiang-

chn, the Chinese asterism tiandajiangjun/ tien-ta-chiang-chn the great celestial general.

Of those star spirits still to be identified most share vague similarities with Chinese

182
INTRODUCTION

asterisms (see Uncertain Terms in the Subject Vocabulary). For instance, Mongolian ker-n

sn (hair of the ox) is reminiscent of Chinese niu, the ox, a constellation marking the winter

solstice (Schlegel 1967: 492). However, a question remains whether all the star spirits must

necessarily have their antecedents in Chinese? As an example, the Mongolian qo(osun

qumq-a (empty pitcher), though almost certainly a celestial influence of some kind, seems

to refer to an occult form or doppelgnger (qo(osun) of Aquarius the Pitcher (qumq-a), but

perhaps it refers instead to Chinese tianchi/tien-chi (Mathews 6361, 549), which is another

name for the 18th Chinese asterim, mao, the Pleiades (Schlegel 1967: 353). Charles Bawden

in W. Heissig's catalogue of the Copenhagen collection describes an illustration of qo(osun

qumq-a this way:

A diagram with four vases disposed around a central yin-yang figure; around
each vase are three of the twelve animal-cycle names. Explanations follow.
. . . Top headings are the twelve animal-cycle names. Side headings are
forty-two names of days and other occurrences. Within the table are given
numbers, names from the animal-cycle, colours, directions, etc. etc. In the
following folios the various occurrences are elucidated. (Heissig and
Bawden, 1971: 173, Mong. 375)

The terms described here, yin/yang and the twelve animals, indicate a Chinese system, but

this does not necessarily preclude the sign of the zodiac, Aquarius the pitcher. This leads to

another question. Do all the supernatural influences mentioned in the calendar (see Table

IV.9a) either directly or indirectly refer to star spirits? Clearly some do, such as Taisui,

Janggn, etc., but what about others such as Amin-u saki(ulsun, l sedk, and so on?

One unidentified celestial influence likely of Indian origin is Vima. This term is

found in the interrogative section of the text, based on the Indian system. Not to be confused

183
INTRODUCTION

with the kinds of star spirits that refer to celestial palaces and gates used in divination, Vima

is a queen, the daughter of heaven (tngri-yin okin), who answers questions about the nature

of the universe.

Other spiritual influences abound. The term ong(od [pl. of ong(on] is a Mongolian

word with a wide range of meanings. It can be a spirit inhabiting a material object, genie,

guardian spirit, tutelary deity; spirit of a deceased person, ghost; tomb of a saint or an

imminent person, family tomb; shamanist ancestral idol; or naturally white hair (Lessing,

614; SE II, 168-173). In the manual the ong(od are propitiatory and receive offerings as

would a Buddha (burqan) or god (tngri). They are treated like other Buddhist objects of

veneration, that is, they are enlivened with a core essence or heart (ong(od-un dotor-a (ool

irken oro(ul- [36v]). Other protective influences include saki(ulsun and suu ali,

protective animals (qalqalaqu amitan) and talismans (qalqala(i). Beyond these there are

heroes (ba(atud), the six heretics (ir(u(an teryinar), she-devils (ekener; Tib. ma-mo),

monsters (mang(us), living gods (qubil(an), consorts (gdanm-a), souls (snesn), the eight

classes of supernatural beings (naiman ayima(), and so on. Many assemble (i(ul-) and

gather around (kriyelegl-) at their given times and places, where they indulge themselves

(tai(ura-) in the celebration of the feast of Rhula (Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi).

As these supernatural beings are not logically distinct from each other, but run

together or dovetail, the flux between definition and classification together with the fact that

there are a number of various types of demons, demigods, and godlings, makes a careful

184
INTRODUCTION

analysis of demonology in Buddhism an exceedingly arduous and complex task, one which

inevitably offers no escape from their labyrinth.59

Though it is possible to describe the supernatural beings in the manual in a myriad

of ways, a few specific representations seem most relevant. These spirits are agents of

healing and sickness. They are the revealers of opposites, an unexcluded middle term, that

is both one and its opposite at the same time. The stars, planets, celestial palaces and gates

are represented either exclusively as spirits or as spirits and physical bodies both (Ho 2003:

9-10; Meister 1954: 1-5). That the stars manifest god is not a conventional idea, but inherent

in their function as the bases of time, space, the universal and hence rational order.

Pattern

Another facet of the supernatural in the manual is pattern. Spirits exhibit patterns

which are consistent, hence predictable, and so, as the lords of the times and places, they

drive the wheels of causation that determine fate. In the various tables below a wide, though

not exhaustive, survey of the patterns found in the manual are given. The first three tables

are derived from plotting the positions or times of the spirits mentioned in the calendrical

part of the manual (8r-19v). These patterns taken as whole show an matrix of forms. Jupiter

or Tayisui remains in the south for three months, then moves clockwise to the west, where

it remains for three months; then it moves on to the north, and spends the final three months

59
For a more careful description of demonology in Buddhism, Nebesky-Wojkowitz
and Waddell, together with Pozdneyev, are excellent sources with which to begin.

185
INTRODUCTION

of the year in the east. Yeke tngri "Great God" or "Great Heaven, like Tayisui, moves

clockwise throughout the year. It does so three times faster than Tayisui at a consistent

interval through the four directions over the course of the year. obalang-un tngri God of

Suffering reflects a contrary point of view. It begins in the south, as does Yeke tngri, and

moves at the same rate, but it in the opposite direction, counter-clockwise. Perhaps this

contrary motion accounts for the negative harsh quality of its influence, for, in a similar way,

kln ein Lord of Death, also distinctly negative, moves counterclockwise, from one

position to the next. Other influences move clockwise, but they do not move in the same rate

from month to month, so that their pattern has a non-radial symmetry. For instance, oliy-a

mr "Ransom Path" moves in a variegated pattern which gives an intricate sense of

symmetry. Ula(an aa(ai "Red Magpie moves in only three directions, in a triangular

pattern. Another influence, Amin saki(ulsun "Life Protector" seems to have a chaotic

pattern. The positions or times of some of these spirits are repeated later in the text (47v-

48r). In the cases of Gokimoi/Modun gokimoi and l sedk, the patterns are the same. In

the case of Ula(an aa(ai, the pattern is different.

In the three tables of the Patterns of the Spirits of the Calendar Months months are

indicated by their number, 1-12. Throughout these tables the abbreviations of the twelve

animals are according to the Mongolian forms bar = baras tiger, tau = taulai hare, etc.

IV.9 Patterns of the Spirits of the Times and Places

IV.9a Patterns of the Spirits of the Calendar Months (8r-19r)

186
INTRODUCTION

IV.9a.1 Their Positions According to the Eight Directions

South SW West NW North NE East SE

amin-u 3, 8, 7 4 2, 6, 1, 5, 9
saki(ulsun 11, 10
12
oliy-a mr 5, 9 1 2, 6, 3, 7, 4 8, 12
10 11
yeke tngri 2, 6, 3, 7, 4, 8, 1, 5,
10 11 12 9
qo(osun qumq-a 4, 8, 1, 5, [2], 6, 3, 7,
12 9 10 11
tayisui 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10,
3 6 9 11,
12
janggn 4, 5, 7, 10, 1, 2,
6 [8], 9 11, 3,
12 <8>

IV.9a.2 The Positions of itgen Eke According to the Twelve Animal Zodiac

Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Be Tak Noq 'a Qul k

itgen 4 9 11 3 5 8 12 1 6 7 10 2
eke

IV.9a.3 The Days of the Spirits According to the Twelve Animals

187
INTRODUCTION

Spirit/Day Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Be Tak No 'a Qu k

(okimui 9 5 1 12 8 4 11 7 3 10 6 2
obalan 2, 1, 4, 3,
g-un 6, 5, 9 8, 7,
tngri 10 12 11
tngri-yin 2, 3, 7, 4, 1,
(al 6, 11 8, 5, 9
19 12
l 10 8 6 1 11 9 4 2 12 7 5 3
sedk
ula(an 1, 2, 3,
aa(ai 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9,
10 11 12
modun 1 5 9 2 8 12 3 7 11 4 6 10
erlig
kln 4, 8, 3, 7, 2, 1,
een 12 11 6, 5, 9
10
(aar-un 9 [8] 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10
(al
sarayin 4 3 2 [1] 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
(al

IV.9b Where the do(in baling dwell

[For its pattern see the table 40r-40v]

IV.9c The Empty Moon (40r)

188
INTRODUCTION

Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Be Tak Noq 'aq Qul k

1st X
mo.
2nd X
3rd X
4th X
5th X
6th X
7th X
8th X
9th X
10th X
11th X
12th X

IV.9d Table of the Heavens for the Day To Set Out on a Journey During Any Month

Day The The The The The The The The

Gate of Dog's Shadow Nose Dog's Dog's Treasury Throat
Heave Snout of of the Head Back of of
n is is bad Heaven Dog is is good is bad Heaven Heave
good is good good is good n is
bad
1 X
2 X
3 X
4 X

189
INTRODUCTION

5 X
6 X
7 X
8
9 X
10 X
11 X
12 X
13 X
14 X
15 X
16 X
17 X
18 X
19 X
20 X
21 X
22 X
23 X
24 X
25 X
26 X
27 X
28 X
29 X

190
INTRODUCTION

30 X

IV.9e Fortunate Way For A Bride To Set Off On Her Journey (54r)

East South West North Intermediate

directions
Rat X
Ox X
Tiger X
Hare X
Dragon X
Snake X
Horse X
Ram X
Monkey X
Cock X
Dog X
Pig X

IV.9f Way of Affliction For A Bride To Set Off On Her Journey (54r)

East South West North Intermediate

directions
Rat X
Ox X

191
INTRODUCTION

Tiger X
Hare X
Dragon X
Snake X
Horse X
Ram X
Monkey
Cock
Dog X
Pig X

IV.9g Yellow Dust (60r)

Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Be Tak Noq 'aq Qul k

1st X
mo.
2nd X
3rd X
4th X
5th X
6th X
7th X
8th X
9th X
10th X

192
INTRODUCTION

11th X
12th X

IV.9h Red Dust (60r)

Bar Tau Luu Mo Mor Qon Be Tak Noq 'aq Qul k

1st X
mo.
2nd X
3rd X
4th X
5th X
6th X
7th X
8th X
9th X
10th X
11th X
12th X

Physics

To examine individually the physical applications employed in the manual, these are

divided into the following categories, astronomy and uranography, orientation, time

reckoning, and the seasons.

193
INTRODUCTION

Astronomy and Uranography

As for astronomy and uranography, the following technologies are included in the

manual:

Horoscope

Though commonly taken for the nativity or birth story, which is derived from it,

the term horoscope (L. horoscopus) refers to the ascendent, the point of the ecliptic rising

above the horizon, and the subsequent divisions of the ecliptic into houses (L. loci; Mong.

ger). In the ancient world, for the early Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks, the sun and stars

were seen as strong and young in the east, rising to their greatest power in the midheaven,

i.e., the point where the meridian cuts the ecliptic, and declining into old age and weakness

in the west. In this way the divisions of the ecliptic were related to the cycle of human life

hence the nativity genre now dubbed horoscope (Ptolemy 1980: 2; Tester 1987: 24-25;

Rochberg 1998: 2).60 While the Mongolian terms do not correspond exactly with the four

quadrants of the Western horoscope, it is possible to assume their order based on their

association with the cycle of life. Although the terms in the manual refer to the movement

of the planets along the ecliptic, they were not derived from empirical observation, but

through divination. The terms are as follows:

60
Western horoscope divination, i.e., the nativity, which supplanted or even
superseded Mesopotamian juridical astrology, arrived in China during the Tang dynasty
(Schafer 1977: 61). It is prominent in the Vaidrya dKar-po but not found in the manual.

194
INTRODUCTION

IV.10 The Horoscope

Mongolian English
1. tegs full; perfect; i.e., ascendent
2. kn tegs powerful and full; referring to the point of
mid-heaven
3. ba(uram declining
4. meks weak, i.e., when a celestial body moves
into the western sky
5. ebderek disintegrating

From the most basic division of the ecliptic into four quadrants, other schemes were

derived in antiquity (most prominent being those of eight and twelve loci [Tester,1987: 25-

27]). With these came various classifications of the stages of life. Classifying life into

stages then took on a life of its own, that is, became a part of philosophy and esoteric

schools. In De die natale (the natal day [AD 238]), the Roman critic, Censorinus, describes

the Five Stages of Varro, Seven Stages of Hippocrates, Ten Stages of Solon, and the

Twelve Stages of Staseas (Censorinus 1900: 11). Common in the Renaissance were

Seven Stages of Man: infancy, childhood, schoolboy, lover, young manhood, manhood,

old age (Tester 1987: 86). It is in this context that one might appreciate the Buddhist

Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination (S. prattyasamutpda/nidna; Tib. rten-brel;

Mong. itn barildul(-a). Similarly, the four times (drben a() referred to in the manual,

195
INTRODUCTION

the kalpa of formation, continuance, decline and disintegration derive from the horoscope

as well (DBT,118).

The Stars

With the naked eye people can see approximately 3000 stars (Sun 1997: 1). As was

common in the ancient world, in the manual the term odu(n) describes both the fixed stars

as well as the sun, moon and planets. The phrase odun ba na(idar-un uaral (the occasion

of the stars and nakshatra) refers to the coincidences of the wandering stars among the Indian

nakshatra asterisms. It is through such conjunctions that prognostications are foretold. In

so doing the stars are assigned elements. The stars also have characteristics beyond the

elements. For instance, there are stars which make a poor man wealthy, a wealthy man poor,

multiply sheep one hundred fold and so on (33r). The stars are divided into three divisions:

those which circle the summit of the sacred Mt. Sumeru (Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar

to(ori(i odun), those which circle the middle (dumda bki-yi to(orin yabu(i odun), and

those which circle its base (a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun [32v]). This threefold

division of the sky, here of Indian origin, is also found in both ancient Mesopotamia and

China. The middle belt are the stars of the ecliptic; the stars circling the summit or Mt.

Sumeru are the circumpolar stars; and the stars at the base of the mountain refer to the stars

outside or south of the ecliptic (Koch-Westenholz 1995: 24; Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243,

255-257).

196
INTRODUCTION

Sun, Moon and The Wandering Stars

While in the ancient world no essential difference was perceived between stars and

planets the term star commonly referring to both an apparent difference was known

(Kennedy 1966; Jones, C. W. 1935-6). The stars were known as the fixed stars (Mong.

aida-yin odun) that is, those stars that dont lose their relational appearance to each other.

The planets were known as wandering stars (yabuqui odun [32v]) because they do not

move steadily along the zodiac as do the sun and moon but at irregular intervals that seem

to slow down in their courses, remain stationary and move westwards. There are two distinct

groups of planets, 1). the inferior or inner planets, Mercury and Venus, whose orbits around

the sun are inside that of Earth, so they can only be seen within a certain distance

(elongation) from the sun and are only visible in the evening after sunset or in the morning

before sunrise; 2) the superior or outer planets, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, whose orbits are

outside that of Earth and so can be viewed in opposition to the sun. Visible all night, they

move east along the zodiac as do the sun and moon but in an irregular way. The Indian

treatise Sryasiddhnta lists eight kinds of motions of the planets: retrograde, somewhat

retrograde, transverse, slow, very slow, even, very swift, and swift (Burgess 1859: 194).

There are two terms for these wandering stars in the manual (and the sun and moon

as well), a Mongolian term, odun, star, planet, and gara( from Sankskrit graha, known

as seizers in Indian astrology because they lay hold of the fates of men with their

supernatural influence (Burgess 1859: 275). The two terms are interchangeable and refer

either to a celestial body, a day of the week, a deity or all three at once.

197
INTRODUCTION

There a number of classifications of the planets. The term tabun gara( (five planets)

refers to the five planets known to the ancient world, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and

Saturn. The dolo(an gara(/odun (seven planets) are the aforementioned five planets

together with the sun and moon. These seven stars comprise the seven day week. In the

Klacakra and Vaidurya dkar-po systems an eight day week is standard. The manual,

though not incorporating this system of eight days a week, mentions the eighth wandering

star which completes it, Sanskrit Rhu, given in the manual as Luuq-a odun, from the

Chinese transcription of the term, Luohou (45v). Rhu designates the moon's ascending

node. It is a mythological planet and belongs to the monster in the heavens, which by the

ancient Hindus and others was believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by

attempting to devour them (Burgess 1859: 194). These eight planets plus Ketu, the moon's

descending node, deified in a similar way, complete the isn gara( (nine planets), a system

originated in ancient Hindu astrology (Stone 1981: 25-36). Indian Rhu and Ketu have an

antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the dragon, that stretched across the heavens, her head and

her tail on the equator at opposite ends of a diameter (Tester 1987: 121).

Apart from these classifications, the planets are systematized in at least two different

ways, by element according to Chinese and Indian traditions. In the table of nakshatra,

planets and their elements (21r-21v), there are seven planets given, each of which takes one

of the four elements. This is in keeping with Indian custom. Immediately following, in the

section discussing the seven planets individually (21v-24v), the Chinese five elements are

used. Later, the nakshatra and planets are classified according to their elements once again

198
INTRODUCTION

(45r-45v). The classification is almost entirely the same as the first (21r-21v), except that

in regards to the planets, instead of seven, the eighth planet, Luuq-q odun, is included. The

manual states that this classification is according to the Klacakra system (45r).

When it comes to the sun and moon, the manual describes the basic aspects of their

cycles. The moon, of which more will be mentioned in the discussion of the month, is said

to wax (sara degrki) and wane (sara bara(daqui). The new moon is also mentioned

(ineleki sara). The sun is said to progress to the north and to the south (nara emnei

odqui ba. umar-a g odqui), that is, move along the celestial equator from solstice to

solstice over the course of the tropical year. Numerous terms are used to describe the

solstices, but three main concepts define it. Nara ba(uqu (the falling of the sun) refers to

the suns declination at the time of the solstice; nara bayiqu (the stopping of the sun) refers

to the time when the sun stops its progress; and nara urbaqui (the sun turns back) refers to

the time when it changes direction and begins to return. As three distinct phases mark a

single phenomenon, when it comes to cutting days out of the calendar in order to rectify lunar

and solar cycles, two days may be dropped at the time of each solstice (nara keiy-e bayiqu

tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui) [3r]). Another Mongolian term used to describe

the solstice is til (apogee, limit). Chinese terms are also found: dngi (Ch. dong zhi), the

winter solstice; and aji (Ch. xia zhi), the summer solstice. The Mongolian term for the

equinox is qu(us. Chinese terms include: n un (Ch. chunzhong) the middle of spring,

i.e., the vernal equinox; and teng iu un (Ch. dengqiuzhong) the middle of autumn, i.e., the

199
INTRODUCTION

autumnal equinox. There are two terms for sunrise nara mandu- and nara ur(u-. Sunset is

nara ingge-.

IV.11 The Wandering Stars

Name English Celestial Regent Element Day of the

Body four/five Week
Naran odun Sun-star Sun planet of the gods fire/fire Sunday
(tngri)
Saran odun Moon- Moon planet of the water/ Monday
star nether rulers of the water
ngas (door-a
luus-un qad)
'al odun Fire-star Mars planet of the titans fire/fire Tuesday
(asuri-nar)
Usun odun Water- Mercury planet of the ruler water/ Wednesday
star of the yksas water
(yaa(-a-un
[=yaa(-a-yin]
qa(an)
Modun Wood- Jupiter planet of the soft air/wood Thursday
odun star kalpavrksa tree
(gelen
galbaranjan
modun)
Altan odun Gold/ Venus planet of the earth/ Friday
Metal- blessed jewel king metal
star (keig erdeni
qa(an)
iroi odun Earth- Saturn the planet of the earth/ Saturday
star Lords of all the earth
middle lands
(dumdadu bk
(aar-un ein)

200
INTRODUCTION

Luuq-a mytho- air/

odun logical
Rhu, the
moons
ascending
node and
eclipse
demon

The Twenty-eight Nakshatra

Mongolian na(idar, via Uygur and Tocharian, derives from Sanskrit nakshatra.

Often translated lunar mansion for the affinity of their number with the lunar cycle, as their

functions in Indian sources and elsewhere bear no particular relationship to the moon (nor

apparently does the etymology of the term), the most appropriate translation is simply

asterism (Burgess 1859: 351). In the manual there are twenty-eight nakshatra beginning

with Kerteg (S. Kr}ttik~), the Pleiades. The arrangement is noteworthy for its variance with

nakshatra systems found in other sources, such as the Klacakratantra and the Vaidrya

dkar-po, the two main sources of classical Tibeto-Mongolian mathematics, and modern

almanacs. The differences in nakshatra systems has its roots in India, where the nakshatra

developed in variegated systems of 27 or 28 asterisms. In early Vedic period sources the

nakshatra were 27 in number. The list of 28 is given for the first time at the beginning of

the last millennium BC in the Atharvaveda and various Brhmanas, when Abhijit, the star

Vega in Lyra, was added (only to be subsequently dropped in Hindu systems [Pingree 1963:

230]). The individual names of the nakshatra refer to a principal star (yogatr) among what

is in most cases a group of stars. The actual nakshatra asterisms are of variable lengths

201
INTRODUCTION

along the celestial equator. Eventually, however, their position was rationalized to 27 units

of 13020'. This may have happened around 600 B.C., for the Vedanga Jyautisa refers to

nakshatra divisions in the sky and not to the nakshatra stars (Krupp 1991: 208). This

rationalization of the nakshatra became known as the equal space system. Another form

of rationalization were the unequal space systems developed by famous Hindu astrologers

of antiquity, Garga and Brahmagupta (Stone 1981: 185).

The first in the series, defined by the position of the sun at the time of the spring

equinox, was traditionally Kr}ttik~, the Pleiades. However, because of the earth's precession,

the arrangement would have been correct at about 2300 BC but not possible after 1800 BC.61

By the beginning of the Christian Era, the equinox fell under Avini. Eventually, through

Greek influence, Hindu astrology began to reflect the change in manuals that give Avini as

the first nakshatra and Kr}ttik~ as the third (Clerke 1911: 996a). Still, systems beginning

with Kr}ttik~ (such as that found in the Ashtottari dasa) were maintained and even preferred

to others in deference to ancient Vedic tradition, especially when it came to ritual practice

(Stone 1981: 206; Richmond 1956: 77-78).

61
The precession of the equinoxes is thought to have been discovered in 343 BC in
Mesopotamia by the Babylonian, Kidinnu, director of the mathematical school at Sippra (Ho
1982: 22; Archibald 1936: 64-65). Among the Greeks its reputed discoverer was Hipparchus
(d. after 127 BC). In China the precession of the equinoxes was known by the 4th century AD
(Schafer 1977: 12).

202
INTRODUCTION

Today, what in Tibetan is known as the 27 rgyu-skar is the Buddhist division of the

28 nakshatra into 27 equal units of 1320' beginning with Avini (Cornu 1997: 130-9).62

Rather than dividing the sky into 27 equal portions according to the daily average motion of

the moon and then allotting the remainder, 415', to Abhijit, as Brahmagupta had done (7th

century CE), the Buddhist reconfiguration is accomplished by including Abhijit with the 21st

nakshatra, ravan}a. The modern Mongolian system follows the Tibetan method (Terbish

2001: 26, 28).

Thus, in using the actual 28 nakshatra asterisms beginning with Kr}ttik~, Mostaerts

manual, which, itself is not old, employs a technology that is in keeping with Hindu ritual

texts and pre-dates classical Buddhist grub-rtsis astronomy of the 15-17th century (Schuh,

1973: 21). The manual, itself, verifies this in indicating how the nakshatra were composed:

na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oin-u

yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai (the nakshatra were composed by integrating that

which is in keeping with the custom of the Chinese astrologers together with the Naran-u

jirken neret sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; S. Sryagarbhastra), which was preached by

the Buddha [MMAD, 2v]). As for the Naran-u irken, it is found in the Mongol Kanjur,

vol. 82, no. 1014, 125v-313v (Ligeti, 1944: 272). The Sanskrit Sryagarbhastra, which

belongs to the cycle of Mahsam}nip~ta sutras, was translated into Chinese in the middle

of the 6th century CE (Nattier 1992: 171-172).

62
In the Tibetan system of reckoning each skar-ma is divided into 60 degrees and each
degree into 60 minutes; thus there are 1620 degrees in the zodiac (27 x 60 [Berzin 1987:
19]).

203
INTRODUCTION

In the nakshatra terms a key is given as to how Indian stars filled the Mongolian

sky. Their lexical forms clearly indicate that they were borrowed from the Uygur, which in

turn reflect the Uygurs own borrowing of the terms either from Tocharian or Sogdian. A

guide to determining which is as follows: If Sanskrit final -a is dropped, as is the case in the

majority of terms, it came to Uygur via Tocharian; if final -a turns to -i, as is the case in

Sanskrit Citr, Mongolian Jayitari, the term came to Uygur from Sogdian. An additional

alteration of the final consonant occurs in the case of Mongolian Ali(. Here Sanskrit

Alea came to Uygur via Tocharian as Ali. However, because they used the final gamma

with two dots on the right side of the ligature to note a final , with the diacritics often

omitted, the final consonant was confused for a gamma, (, rendering Ali(. In the table

below, the linguistic forms of the nakshatra in the manual, Uygur and Sanskrit are compared.

The Uygur forms are taken from Rachmati (1972: 299-301). For reference in the sky, their

junction star is provided as well:

IV.12 The Twenty-eight Nakshatra: Linguistic Forms and Junction Star

Manual Uygur Sanskrit Junction star

Kerteg Kirdik Kr}ttik~ Pleiades
Rkini, Rokini Urukini, Uru(uni Rohin} Aldebaran
Margiar Mrgair Mr}gair~ 8 Orionis
Ardar Ardir rdr " Orionis
(Betelgeuse)

204
INTRODUCTION

Burnavasu Punarvasu Punarvas $ Geminorum

(Pollux)
Bus, Pus Pu, Pus, Bus Pus}ya 5 Cancri
Asli( Ali }les}a " Hydrae
Mig Mag Magh " Leonis (Regulus)
Burvabalguni Purvapalguni Purva-Phlgun * Leonis (Zosma)
Udaribalguni Utrapalguni Uttara-Phlgun $ Leonis
(Denebola)
Qasta Xasta Hasta * Corvi (Algorab)
Jayitari, Jayitar aidir Citr " Virginis (Spica)
Suvadi/Suvad'i Suvadi Svt " Botis (Arcturus)
Sua(, ua( Suak, Viak Vikh " Librae
Anurad Anurad Anurdh * Scorpii (Iridis)
ista it Jyes}t}h~ " Scorpii (Antares)
Mul Mul Mla 8 Scorpii (Schaula)
Burvasad Purvaadi, Purvaat Purvsadh * Sagittarii
Udarisad Utraadi, Uttarsadh F Sagittarii
U(t/d)araat (Pelagus)
Abiji Abii Abiji " Lyra (Vega)
irvang, irvan iravan ravan}a " Aquilae (Altair)
Tanista, Tanis Dani, Danita Dhanis}t}h~ $ Delphinium
Sadabis Satabi Satabhisak 8 Aquarii
Burvabadaribad Purvabadaribat Purvabhdrapada " Pagasi (Markab)
Udaribadaribad Utrabadrabat Uttarabhdrapada ( Pegasi & "
Andromeda
Rivadi/Rivad'i Iravadi, Rivadi Revati . Piscum

205
INTRODUCTION

Aivani, Auvani Avini Avini $ Arietis

(Scheratan)
Barani Barani Bharan} 35 Arietis

In the manual the nakshatra, either by their element or other specific characteristics,

are used in their conjunctions with the wandering stars and the like for divination. In a

similar way, they comprise the universal parameter for the statistical definition of the

universe or state of the nation according to the omina. In addition the nakshatra are found

in the calendar as one of several ways of naming the day. In India the months are named for

twelve nakshatra. This custom is included in the manual along with other names of the

months and referred to as the custom of the Klacakrists of India. In two specific sections,

25r-32r and 59v, the nakshatra are described with widely varying figures, numbers of stars

and epithets. Throughout the manual, they are classified by the elements five different times:

1. 21r-21v; 2. 25r-32r; 3. 45v; 4. 59v; 5. 61r. Of these the first and third classifications are

almost identical. Both divide the nakshatra into four elements, but in the first classification

the nakshatra Tanista (S. Dhanis}t}h~) has the element water (giving eight water nakshatra

and only six earth nakshatra) (21r) and in the other, the element earth (45v). The later

classification is according to the Klacakra. The second classification divides the nakshatra

into four groups of seven according to the four directions beginning with Kr}ttik~ in the east.

The earliest source for this distribution seems to be in the Gargasamhit, perhaps 1st century

BC (Pingree 1978, vol. 2: 389, 394; Stone 1981: 88). This orientation differs from that

typically found in Chinese sources, where the first nakshatra of the east is Citr (Spica) with

206
INTRODUCTION

Kr}ttik~ (Pleiades) in the west (Soothill 22). However, rather than the four elements one

would expect, the nakshatra are classified according to four of the five elements: in the east,

wood; south, fire; in the west, gold/metal; and in the north, water. The fifth classification

is into five groups according to the full five elements. The table below gives the nakshatra

according to their epithet, figure, direction, element and number of stars. Names of the

months are in bold, so too are classifications according to the five elements. Other

classifications of the nakshatra found in the manual follow.

IV.13 The Twenty-Eight Nakshatra: Epithet, Figure, Direction,

Element, Number of Stars

Name (Names Epithet Figure Direction Element Number

of the twelve (four/ of stars
months in bold) five)
Kerteg the nakshatra razor for east fire/ six/six
known as the city shaving wood/
on the verge of hair/ razor fire/fire/
entering a nine- for wood
eyed iron net, the shaving
majestic one/ hair
Constellation of the
gate of the god who
does battle
Rkini, Rokini the nakshatra of wheel of a east earth/ five/
the spirit of the cart/ cart wood/ seven
Rakshasa/ earth/
Constellation earth/
which makes a rich wood
person poor

207
INTRODUCTION

Margiar the nakshatra in antelope east air/ three/

which gods, head/ wood/ three
humans and antelope air/air/
demons, all three, head wood
are gathered/
Constellation of
uniform gentle
appearance
Ardar the nakshatra saw/two east earth/ nine/two
which was flowers wood/
calculated in the earth/
astrology of Biqar water/
monastery/ wood
Constellation of the
demons by which a
thing is lost in the
water
Burnavasu the nakshatra in legs of a east air/ three/
which one is cut off tripod/ wood/ eight
from one's ridge-pole air/ air/
relatives; this is the of a house wood
nakshatra in which
the traveller sets
out on a journey/
Constellation
which makes the
way of the traveller
difficult
Bus, Pus the nakshatra of scissors/ east fire/ three/
the orphan boy who turtle wood/ three
seizes all of the fire/ fire/
great middle lands/ wood
Constellation of the
lord of solitary and
orphaned people

208
INTRODUCTION

Asli( the nakshatra in snake east water/ six/five

which the three head/ wood/
thieves deliberate/ snake water/
Constellation head water/
which [makes] a earth
line to the
northwest
Mig the nakshatra in snout/ south fire/ fire/ six/six
which one is horse fire/ fire/
entangled in the fire
devil's (albin
demons') net/
Constellation of the
albin [demon]
bandits
Burvabalguni the nakshatra rat/tree south fire/ fire/ two/two
which is like the fire/ fire/
throat of the fire
rakshasa; known as
the predator's spirit
nakshatra; called
the howling red
jackal/
Constellation of all
those who cry out
Udaribalguni the nakshatra of sword/ south air/ fire/ two/two
the tngri (gods); chair air/ air/
known as the fire
nakshatra in which
the good fortune of
a feast is disrupted/
Constellation of the
corpse-like black
messenger

209
INTRODUCTION

Qasta the nakshatra of hand/ south air/ fire/ five/five

that which goes hand air/ air/
fast. This is called fire
the nakshatra in
which Erlig's
wolves run/
Constellation in
which wood is
encircled by
flaming fire.
Jayitari, /Constellation of saber/ south air/ fire/ one/one
Jayitar the vastness of a lotus air/ air/
stag's antlers fire
Suvad'i turns one person wish- south air/ fire/ four/four
into one hundred. fulfilling air/ air/
This is known as jewel/ fire
the nakshatra in wish-
which the rakshasa fulfilling
were flayed in the jewel
land of the gods/
Constellation in
which to
accomplish
something
Sua(, ua( the nakshatra of mountain/ south fire/ fire/ four/four
the foreign goat head fire/ fire/
Chinese. This is earth
known as the
nakshatra by which
ada and todqor
(demons)
congregate/
Constellation in
which to build a
treasury

210
INTRODUCTION

Anurad the nakshatra in elephant west earth/ six/five

which a widowed head/ metal/
woman seizes all elephant earth/
the lands/ head earth/
Constellation in metal
which one woman
crushes nine men
ista the nakshatra of antelope west earth/ three/
the simnus. This is king/ metal/ three
known as the holes of a earth/
nakshatra in which corpse earth/
the fearsome ones [eyes and metal
are satisfied/ nose]
Constellation
which makes the
line of the gods
Mul the nakshatra of antelope west water/ three/
the albin (demons). kings metal/ three
This is known as hair/ mane water/
the nakshatra in of a lion water/
which one wears a metal
breast plate/
Constellation in
which a king is
born and dies
Burvasad the nakshatra of tail/stupa west water/ four/four
the powerful ones/ metal/
Prosperous water/
constellation water/
possessing the metal
seven good
fortunes
Udarisad the nakshatra for elephant/p west earth/ five/four
becoming a jewel incers metal/
of the ministers of earth/
state/ Constellation earth/
of the square metal
bushel

211
INTRODUCTION

Abiji the nakshatra of jewel west earth/ four/

the gods; the horse/ metal/ three
nakshatra of death/ elephant earth/
Constellation of the head earth/
singing orphan metal
irvang, irvan the nakshatra of elephant west water/ three/
villages and head/ metal/ three
crossroads/ bellows water/
Constellation of earth/
those who in earth
vanquishing are
crushed
Tanista, Tanis / Constellation of vajra/bird north water/ four/four
the simnus water/
[demons] who hunt earth/
water/
water
Sadabis / Constellation of everlastin north water/ two/two
all meat-eaters g flower/ water/
flowers water/
earth/
water
Burvabadaribad / Constellation of cart/tree north fire/ two/one
the great Sun-a water/
fire/ fire/
water
Udaribadaribad / Constellation of picket north water/ two/two
the meat-eating post/trees water/
elephant water/
water/
water
Rivad'i the old woman's boat/boat north water/ thirty-
spirit nakshatra/ water/ two
Constellation water/ thirty-
which cuts off water/ two
descendants water

212
INTRODUCTION

Aivani, / Constellation of horse north air/ three/

Auvani one person who head/hors water/ three
crushes the enemy e head air/ air/
[menacing] the water
frontier
Barani / Constellation of lotus/knif north fire/ three/
the eliy-e [demons] e water/ three
who seize people fire/ fire/
earth

IV.14 Other Nakshatra classifications

1. The eight fortunate nakshatra (li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar [60v])

a. in the east

1. Margiar

2. Bus

b. in the south

3. Mig

4. Suvadi

c. in the west

5. Burvasad

6. Udarisad

d. in the north

7. Udaribadaribad

8. Aivani qoyar

2. The eight personal nakshatra (naiman ber-n odun [60v])

213
INTRODUCTION

a. in the east

1. Ardar

2. Burnavasu

b. in the south

3. Qasta

4. Jayitari

c. in the west

5. Anurad

6. Tanisa

d. in the north

7. Sadabis

8. Burvabadaribad

3. The four nakshatra in which descendants are cut off (drben r-e tasura(san odun [60v])

1. Asli(

2. ua(

3. Abaji

4. Barani

4. The four ?tan nakshatra [?indicating significance for those of rank, to whom tan is used

as an honorific; or perhaps more likely for tana pearl, the four pearl stars] (drben tan

odun [61r])

1. Rokini

214
INTRODUCTION

2. Udaribalguni

3. Mul

4. Rivad'i

5. The four widow stars (drben belbesn odun [61r])

1. Kerteg

2. ista

3. Burvabalguni

4. irvan

6. The Seven clans (61r-61v)

1. The four-wheels clan (drben krdn obo()

1. Bus

2. Qastan

3. Abaji

4. Aivani

2. The unshakeable clan (ingbatu obo()

1. Rokini

2. Udaribalguni

3. Burvasad

4. Udaribadaribad

3. The eminently accommodating clan (mai okilan obo()

1. Margaar

215
INTRODUCTION

2. Asli(

3. Jayitari

4. Anurad

5. Rivad'i

4. The severe and fearsome clan (qata(uu do(in obo()

1. Ardar

2. Burvabalguni

3. ista

4. Mul

5. The vacillating restless clan (urbau l tbidk obo()

1. Burnavasu

2. Suvad'i

3. irvan

4. Tanis

5. Sadabis

6. The eminently just clan (mai tbin obo()

1. Mig

2. Burvasad

3. Burvabadaribad

4. Barani

7. The firm but gentle clan (ing bged gelen obo()

216
INTRODUCTION

1. Kerteg

2. ua(

Star systems similar to the nakshatra exist among the Chinese and Arabs. Whereas

scholars are now fairly certain the Arab system, known as al-manzil, was based primarily

on that of the Hindus (Clerke 1911: 997a; Pingree 1963: 229f), the relationship between the

nakshatra and the Chinese system, known as the xiu, is still uncertain. The Indian nakshatra

are part of ancient Indian astrology. They are mentioned in the Rg Veda, but there their

meaning may be more general. By 1,000-800 B.C. the system was undoubtedly in place

(Krupp 1991: 208). The names of 25 xiu show up in oracle-bone inscriptions from the Shang

dynasty (1766-1122 BC). However, the full system of 28 terms is found intact only in 433

BC (Sun 1997: 19). In the early comparative studies of these three systems, a rousing debate

over their origins or ultimate origin was waged by the likes of the French physicist J-B. Biot,

who argued for a Chinese origin; M. Mller and E. Burgess, who argued that as for the

nakshatra, they are of Indian origin; and W. Whitney and Weber, who argued that all three

systems likely derived from Mesopotamia (Whitney 1866: 1-94, 382-398; Burgess 1866:

309-334).63 In recent years the idea of an ultimate Mesopotamian origin was carried on by

Joseph Needham, although David Pingree points out, no parallel cuneiform tablet has yet

been found (Pingree 1963: 229; cf. also Falk 2000: 107-108). Nonetheless, in ancient

63
The first attested appearance of the nakshatra in China is in AD 230 with the
translation of the Mtanga-stra into Chinese (Ho 2000: 83).

217
INTRODUCTION

Mesopotamia there was a system of seventeen constellations, described as Gods standing

in the path of the moon, which also began with the Pleiades in ascendent at the time of the

vernal equinox (Koch-Westenholz 1995: 132; Falk 2000: 107-108).

The two nakshatra systems given in the manual, as mentioned, are combinations of

both the Indian and Chinese systems. As for Indian nakshatra systems, after an uneven first

attempt by William Jones (Jones 1799: 289-305), these are described in H. T. Colbrookes

article, On the Indian and Arabian Divisions of the Zodiack, Asiatic Researches 9 (1809):

322-376. In making his study Colebrooke synthesizes a number of sources, including: the

Ratnaml of Srpati; Sryasiddhnta; Sirmani; Grahalghava; Muhrta Chintmani;

Abharana; as well as works by Vasishtha and Sacalya. Of these Srpatis Ratnaml is the

best source for the figures of the asterisms, as well as for their number (Colebrooke 1809:

325). This is the main source for Jones, Colebrooke and Burgess later studies as well. In

his translation and explication of the Sryasiddhnta, E. Burgess supplements Colebrookes

work with Al-Birunis explication of the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka, a treatise or a chapter of a treatise

by Brahmagupta, the works of whom Colebrooke did not have available (Burgess 1859: 325-

355; cf. also Sachau 1971: 84-5). An extension of the sphere of the Indian nakshatra is

found in the Uygur system given in G. R. Rachmati's Trkische Turfan-Texte VII (Rachmati

1972: 299-301). The Chinese xiu are described in G. Schlegels Uranographie chinois of

1875. Schlegel uses the Tian yuan lili quanshu (Complete treatise on Calendars) by Xu Fa,

1682, to give a complete survey of Chinese star names and correlate them with their Western

equivalents. Schlegels study has been followed closely with minor corrections by J. Staal.

218
INTRODUCTION

Western correspondences of the constellations also can be found in Mathews dictionary

(Mathews, 1177). For the nakshatra stars in Tibetan sources there is W. Petris synoptic

study of the Tibetan, Uygur and Hindu systems (Petri 1966: 83-90). Two sources of the

nakshatra in other Mongolian sources are 1) Kowaleski's Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-

Franais, which references the 'urban il ge qadamal eki-dr kilbar bol(a(san biig

(Polyglot easy reference guide) for some of the nakshatra (Kowalewski 1941: passim), and

2) Tngri-yin udq-a, a translation of the Chinese system into Mongolian (and Tibetan) made

between 1711 and 1712 and carved in 1715 (TU, 1).

In the table of correspondences below (A) and (B) refer to the two nakshatra systems

found in the manual; (K) = Kowalewskis dictionary; (T) = Tngri-yin udq-a; (kh) = the

Khan}d}a-Kat}aka. Following Burgess table of correspondences, under the column Indian

and Chinese the criteria for correspondence is less exacting than otherwise. The respective

asterisms share some of the same stars, though not necessarily all, nor the same number of

stars (Burgess 1859: 344). When correspondence is merely general, the number is in

parentheses. Parentheses are not used when correspondence is more or less exact. Petris

results are not included in this study because in no case do Tibetan discrepancies with Indian

sources correspond to the discrepancies in the manual.

IV.15 Correspondences of the Asterism Systems:

the Manual, Indian, Uygur, Chinese and Other Mongolian Sources

219
INTRODUCTION

M ongolian M anual M anual M anual M anual Indian Indian Chinese and

Name and and and and Other and and Other
Indian Uygur Chinese M ongolian Chinese Uygur M ongolian
Sources Sources

Kerteg 1 1 -- -- (1) 1 1
Rkini 2 2 -- -- (2) 2 2
Margiar 3 3 1 -- 3 3 --
Ardar -- -- -- 1 (B/K) -- 4 --
Burnavasu -- -- 2 (B) 2 (B) -- 5 3
Bus 4 4 -- -- (4) 6 4
Asli( 5 5 -- -- (5) 7 5
Mig 6 6 -- -- -- 8 6
Burva- 7 7 -- 3 -- 9 7 (T)
balguni (A,B/K)
Udari- 8 8 -- -- -- 10 8
balguni
Qasta 9 9 -- 4 (6) -- --
(A,B/T)
Jayitari 10 10 -- 5 (7) 11 9 (T)
(A,B/K)
Suvad'i -- -- 3 6 (8) 12 10
ua( 11 4 7 9 13 11
Anurad ? ?11 -- -- 10 14 12
ista 12 12 5 8 11 15 13
Mul -- -- -- -- 12 ? 14
Burvasad 13 13 6 9 13 16 15
(A,B/
kh)
Udarisad 14 14 -- -- (14) 17 16
(B/kh) (kh)

220
INTRODUCTION

Abiji 15 (B) 15 (B) -- -- -- 18 17

irvang 16 16 -- -- -- 19 18
Tanista 17 17 -- -- -- 20 19
Sadabis -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 (T)
Burva- 18 (A) 18 (A) 7 (A) 10 (A) 15 21 21
badaribad
Udari- 19 19 8 11 16 22 22
badaribad
Rivad'i 20 ? -- -- ? ? 23
Aivani 21 20 9 12 17 23 24
Barani 22 21 -- ? ?18 24 25

What this table shows is that while the manual does not correspond perfectly with any

of the sources given here, it is much more closely aligned with the Indian and Uygur systems

than those of the Chinese. There is also little correlation between the manual and the other

Mongolian sources, although there is more correspondence with the nakstatra given in

Kowaleski's Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-Franais (Kowalewski 1844: passim) than with

those found in Tngri-yin udq-a, which very consistently follow the Chinese (as is obvious

from comparison with Schlegel [Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 895-919]). In two instances the

manual does not correspond to any other source, Mul and Sadabis. In five cases system A

in the manual does not correspond with any other: Ardar, Burnavasu, Mul, Abiji, Sadabid.

In three cases system B does not correspond with any other: Mul, Sadabis, Burvabadaribad.

In three instances, Ardar, Mul, Sadabis, neither system in the manual conforms to the Indian,

Uygur, or Chinese. In system B Ardar corresponds with Kowalewskis source, but no other,

221
INTRODUCTION

either Indian or Chinese. In only one case does the manual (system B) correspond with the

Chinese, when the Chinese does not correspond with the Indian, Burnavasu. Sadabis in

Kowalewski corresponds with the Uygur.

As for the general study of these asterism systems, the table shows four important

phenomena. First, the correspondence between Indian and Chinese systems is rather high;

second, the Indian system is more variable or fluid than the Chinese; third, intermingling of

both Indian and Chinese systems is common; and four, the study reveals a gradual

assimilation of Chinese stars into the Indian system. ua( in early Hindu sources has two

stars. Later sources give the same four stars as the 3rd Chinese asterism, Di. The manual also

has four stars and expressly notes the asterism is of foreign Chinese origin (29r). The Uygur

system retains the two stars of the earlier Hindu sources. With Aivani, the manual, Uygur,

and later Indian sources all conform to the 16th Chinese asterism Lou comprising three stars,

", $, ( Aries, while early Hindu sources give two stars, a number given in the etymology of

the nakshatra, Avin the two horsemen.

As for star-lore, the nakshatra epithets or regents bear no relationship with those of

the Indian and Chinese systems. There is some correspondence, however, between the

figures given in the manual and those of the Indian or the Chinese systems. This

correspondence is much closer to the Indian systems than the Chinese. For the Indian

sources, see Burgess (1858: 327-344) and Colebrooke (1809: 330-346). For the Chinese

sources, see Mathews (passim) and Schafer (1977: 76-77, 81).

222
INTRODUCTION

IV.16 Table of Nakshatra Figures in Manual, Indian and Chinese Sources

Nakshatra Manual Indian Sources Chinese

Kerteg razor razor setting sun/mane
Rkini cart wain, i.e., a large hand-net/net
cart
Margiar antelopes head antelopes head mouth/beak
Ardar saw/two flowers gem supreme
commander/triaster
Burnavasu tripod/ridgepole of a house well
house
Bus scissors/turtle ?arrow disembodied spirit
(mane or ghost)
Asli( snakes head sarps (serpents) willow
Mig snout/horse house/lions mane and asterism
heart
Burvabalguni rat/tree couch or bedstead net/spread
Udaribalguni sword/chair couch or bedstead wing
Qasta hand hand carriage/axle tree
Jayitari sword/lotus pear or lamp horn
Suvad'i wish fulfilling name means sword; neck/gullet
jewel figured as coral bead,
gem or pearl
ua( mountain/goats gateway foundation/base
head
Anurad elephants head ?a row of oblations house/chamber
ista antelope king/holes ring, earring or heart
of a corpse pendant

223
INTRODUCTION

Mul hairs of the head of lions tail tail

the antelope
king/lions mane
Burvasad tail/stupa bed, couch or basket/winnower
elephants tusk
Udarisad elephant/basket bed, couch or peck/dipper
elephants tusk
Abiji jewel horse/head of triangle ox
an elephant
irvan elephant three footsteps of virgin/woman
head/bellows Vishnu or triangle
Tanista vajra/bird ?drum or tabor empty/barrens
Sadabis everlasting cluster of stars figured summit/roof
flower/flower by a circle
Burvabadaribad cart/tree couch or bed, a Janus- house
faced figure, or twins
Udaribadaribad picketpost/tree couch or bed, a Janus- wall
faced figure, or twins
Rivad'i boat drum or tabor pace/straddler
Aivani horses head horses head reaper
Barani lotus/knife yoni or pudendum grain guard/
muliebre stomach

The table shows five more or less exact correspondences and eight near correspondences

between the manual and Indian systems. In addition to these there are other correspondences,

as well. The least ambiguous of these is that in system B the manual gives a basket as the

figure of Udarisad. This corresponds in figure and number of stars to the 7th Chinese

asterism, ji the basket, which goes with the preceding nakshatra, Burvasad. As the figures

224
INTRODUCTION

of these two asterisms form a pair, their figure is more or less arbitrary, and so, in this respect

the correspondence with the Chinese can be said to be exact.

A description of each nakshatra is as follows:

IV.17 The Twenty-eight Nakshatra

Kerteg [S. kr}ttik~]; the Pleiades; 1st of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the final month of

winter in the Klacakra (17r); first of the stars (33r); the good gate (33r); the gate of heaven

(33r); the cord of west and east (34r); a good day for building a temple, hermitage or house

(37r); planting a crop (55v); mixing medicine (56r); when it coincides with Monday, it is a

time to die (45r); when it coincides with Sunday, it is one of the seven days of demons (45r);

when it coincides with Wednesday it is one of the seven days in which to conquer imnus

demons (45r); it is a bad day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter

(53r); the head of its protective animal is the monkeys (59r); one of the meritorious

asterisms; good for performing pious and meritorious acts (60v); on of the four widow stars

(61r); it belongs to the firm and soft clan (61v); its orientation is east; of the four elements,

its element is fire (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is water (25r, 61r); in one

system it is known as the city on the verge of entering a nine-eyed iron net, the majestic one;

its figure is a razor; and its number of stars is six; in another system it is known as the gate

of the god who goes to battle; its figure is again a razor; and its number of stars again is six;

in the Uygur Turfan texts its comprised of six stars, the Pleiades, the brightest of which is

0 Tauri (Rachmati 1972: 299); in Indian sources the regent of the asterism is Agni, the god

225
INTRODUCTION

of fire; it is also composed of six stars and figured as a razor (Burgess 1859: 328-329); it

corresponds to the 18th Chinese asterism, mao (Mathews 4370), comprising seven stars, the

Pleiades (Schlegel 1967: 351); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Kirtig,

the seven stars of Pleiades (Kowalewski 1941: 2553); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Kirtig; seven

stars (TU, 912).

Rkini/Rokini [S. rohin} ruddy]; 2nd of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the one that makes

one oxen one hundred (33v); makes a rich man poor (33v); it is a good day for a ruler to take

the throne or a noble to receive a title (37r); building a temple or dwelling (37r); blessing a

temple, scripture or Buddha image (37v); bringing a bride into ones household (51r);

planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); under it one will vanquish others

(37v); when it coincides with Saturday, it is one of seven fortunate occasions of the

nakshatra and wandering stars (45r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with Thursday

or Saturday, the bride will bring danger (52r); when it coincides with Friday, the bride will

not suit (52r); it is a bad day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter

(53r); it is one of the fortunate stars (keig-n odun), 60v); the head of its protective animal

is the dogs (59r); it is one of the four tan stars (61r); it belongs to the unshakeable (ingbatu)

clan (61r); its orientation is east; of the four elements, its element is earth (21r, 45v, 59v);

of the five elements, its element is wood (25v, 61r); in one system it is known as the

nakshatra of the spirit of the Rakshasa; its figure is the wheel of a cart; its number of stars

is five; in another system it is known as the asterism which makes a rich person poor; its

figure is a cart; and its number of stars is seven; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of

226
INTRODUCTION

five stars, g *,(,h, " Tauri (Rachmati 1972: 299); in Indian sources its divinity is Prajpati,

the lord of created beings,; it contains five stars; its figure is usually a wain, i.e., a large

cart; in some it is a temple; it also is comprised of g *,(,h, " Tauri (Burgess 1859: 329);

it corresponds to the 19th Chinese asterism, bi/pi, the hand-net(Mathews 5120), comprising

eight stars at the head of Taurus, namely, Hyades (Schlegel 1967: 365-366); as for other

Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Rokini, a lunar station in Taurus (Kowalewski

1941: 2662); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Rkini, eight stars (TU, 913).

Margiar [S. mr}gair~ha antelopes head]; 3rd of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the first

month of winter in the Klacakra (18r); according to the customs of the tantra of Vajrad}~kin

and Cakrasambara the New Year is celebrated on the sixteenth day of the Margiar month,

on the day of the winter solstice (3r); it is known as a very great nakshatra (25v); the one that

makes a ruler lose his descendants (33v); if it coincides with Thursday, it is a bad occasion

bringing death (45r); when it coincides with Thursday, it is one of seven days of the imnus

demons (45r); if it coincides with a Ram day, it is bad (46v); it is a good day for setting out

on a journey (48v); doing battle with an enemy (48v); bringing a bride into ones household

(51r, 53r); planting a crop (55v); mixing medicine (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or

becoming a monk (56v); it is one of the virtuous stars (60v); it belongs to the eminently

accommodating clan (61r); in it the peace will last (37v); the head of its protective animal

is the foxs (59r); its orientation is east; of the four elements, its element is air (21r, 45v,

59v); of the five elements, its element is wood (25v, 61r); in one system it is known as the

nakshatra in which gods, humans and demons, all three, are gathered; its figure is an

227
INTRODUCTION

antelope head and its number of stars is three; in another system is known as the nakshatra

of uniform and gentle appearance; its figure is again the antelope head and its number of stars

is three; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of three stars, 8,n1,n2 Orionis; in Indian

sources its divinity is Soma, the moon; it also contains three stars, 8,n1,n2 Orionis (Burgess

1859: 329-330); it corresponds to the 20th Chinese asterism, zui/tsui (Mathews 6856), the

mouth, comprising three stars forming a triangle, 8,n1,n2 Orionis (Schlegel 1967: 391);

Tngri-yin udq-a gives Margir, seven stars (TU, 914).

Ardar [S. rdr moist]; 4th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; it is a good day for blessing

a monastery, scripture or Buddha image (37v); mounting a military campaign (48v); doing

battle with an enemy (48v); in it good fortune increases well (37v); when it coincides with

Tuesday, it is an occasion for burning (45r); when it coincides with Wednesday, it is one of

the seven days of the imnus demons (45r); if it coincides with the Ram day, the omen is bad

(46v); it is bad day for bringing a bride into ones household or marrying off a daughter

(53r); for putting on a robe (56r); it is one of the stars of travelers; travelers should not depart

(60v); it belongs to the severe and fearsome clan (61v); the head of its protective animal is

the cows (59r); its orientation is east; of the four elements its element is either earth (21r,

45v) or water (59v); of the five elements, its element is wood (26r, 61r); in one system it is

the nakshatra which was calculated in the astrology of ?Biqar monastery; its figure is a saw;

its number of stars is nine; in another system it is known as the nakshatra of the demons by

which a thing is lost in the water; its figure is two flowers; its number of stars is two; in the

Uygur Turfan texts it is given as one star, " Orionis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources

228
INTRODUCTION

its regent is Rudra, the storm-god; it is figured like a gem; and comprises one star, " Orionis

(Burgess 1859: 330); it corresponds to the 21st Chinese asterism, shen (Mathews 6685.h) the

august,comprising seven stars, ., ,, *, " Betelgeuse, ( Bellatrix, P and $ of Orion (Schlegel

1967: 392); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Ardir, N, P of Orion

(Kowalewski 1941: 161); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Ardii, three stars (TU, 914).

Burnavasu [S. punarvasu < punar again; vasu good]; 5th of the twenty-eight nakshatra;

the one that brings about the kalpa of air (33r); causes a master the let go in the interval of

seizing demons (33v); when it coincides with Thursday it is one of the seven days in which

to conquer imnus demons ( 45r); it is a good day for setting out on a journey (48v);

mounting a military campaign (48v); bringing a bride into ones household (53r); planting

a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); putting in a robe (56r); teaching writing or

mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v); the head of its protective animal is

the pigs (59r); one of the asterisms of good fortune (60v); on of the personal nakshatra

(60v); it belongs to the vacillating and restless clan (61v); its orientation is east; of the four

elements, its element is air (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is wood (26r,

61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra in which one is cut off from one's relatives;

this is the nakshatra in which the traveler sets out on a journey; its figure is the legs of a

tripod; its number of stars is three; in another system it is the nakshatra which makes the way

of the traveler difficult; its figure is the ridgepole of a house; and its number of stars is eight;

in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of two stars, $, " Geminorum (Rachmati 1972:

300); in Indian sources its regent is Aditi, the mother of the dityas; it usually comprises two

229
INTRODUCTION

stars, $, " Geminorum, sometimes four stars; in the latter case, it is figured as a house

(Burgess 1859: 330-331); it corresponds to the 22nd Chinese asterism, jing/ching (Mathews

1143), the well, comprising eight stars, 8, ., *, ,, >, (, <, : Gemini (Schlegel 1967: 404);

as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Burnavasu, , , ., 0, 8, :, <, >, h of

Gemini (Kowalewski 1941: 1219); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Burnavau, eight stars (TU, 915).

Bus/Pus [S. pus}ya < push nourish, thrive]; 6th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the

celebration of the Bodhisattva Majuri's birth is the day when the thirteenth, the Tiger day,

together with Thursday coincide with the Pus}ya nakshatra (2v); the middle month of winter

in the Klacakra (19r); it is a good day to bless a temple, scripture, or Buddha image (37v);

setting out on a journey (48v); mounting a military campaign (48v); bringing a bride into

ones household (51r); bringing a bride into ones household (53r); tailoring a robe or

clothing (55v); mixing medicine (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to

become a monk (56v); receiving a consecration (56v); when it coincides with Friday it is one

of the seven days of the imnus demons (45r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with

Friday, the bride will bring danger (52r); the head of its protective animal is the goats (59r);

one of eight nakshatra in which good fortune resides (60v); it is one of the nakshatra for

performing magic (btgek-yin odun); it is good for the deeds of the recipients [of a magical

rite] (60v); it belongs to the four-wheels clan (61r); its orientation is east; of the four

elements, its element is fire (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is wood (27r,

61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra of the orphan boy who seizes all of the great

middle lands; its figure is a scissors; its number of stars is three; in another system it is the

230
INTRODUCTION

nakshatra of the lord of solitary and orphaned people; its figure is the turtle; and its number

of stars is three; in the Uygur Turfan texts its three stars are *, (, h Cancri (Rachmati 1972:

300); in Indian sources its divinity is Brhaspati, the priest and teacher of the gods; it usually

comprises three stars, *, (, h Cancri; in the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka it has but one star (Burgess

1859: 331); it corresponds to the 23rd Chinese asterism, gui/kuei (Mathews 3634),

disembodied spirit, mane, comprising four stars, (, *, 0, 2 (Schlegel 1967: 435); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Bus sara, the 12th month (Kowalewski 1941:

1168); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Bus, four stars (TU, 916).

Asli(/Asli( [S. les the one that entwines; embraces]; 7th of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; the one that multiplies sheep one hundred fold (33v); it is a bad day for mounting

a miliary campaign (48v); a good day for receiving a consecration (56v); one of the travelers

stars; travelers should not depart (60v); one the four stars in which descendants are cut off

(61r); belongs to the eminently accommodating clan (61r); the head of its protective animal

is the snakes (59r); its orientation is east; of the four elements, its element is water (21r, 45v,

59v); of the five elements, its element is either wood (27r) or earth (61r); in one system it is

known as the nakshatra in which the three thieves deliberate; its figure is a snakes head; and

its number of stars is six; in another system it is the nakshatra which [makes] a line to the

northwest; its figure is again a snakes head; but its number of stars is five; in the Uygur

Turfan texts its diagram shows six stars, but only five are named, g, *, F, 0, k Hydrae

(Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources it is ruled by the sarps, serpents; their

configuration is represented by a wheel; the number of stars is stated as five by all authorities

231
INTRODUCTION

except the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka, which gives six; the five stars are again 0,F, *, g, k Hydrae

(Burgess 1859: 332); it corresponds to the 24th Chinese asterism, liu the willow (Mathews

4097), comprising eight stars, *, F, 0, D, ,, ., T, h Hydra (Schlegel 1967: 441); as for other

Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Aslis, *, ,, ., 0, 2, k, F, T of Hydra (Kowalewski

1941: 57); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Aslis, eight stars (TU, 916).

Mig [S. magh mighty]; 8th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; according to the Chinese

sutra, Lii-du ting sang, it conforms with the Tiger month, the first month of spring (2v);

according to the Klacakrists of India it is the final month of winter (8r); the one that allows

a crippled person to climb a rock (33v); the auspicious great elephant (34r); it is a good day

for building a citadel (37r); building a temple or home (37r); doing battle with an enemy

(48v); planting a crop (55v); when it coincides with Sunday, it is an occasion for burning

(45r); when it coincides with Tuesday, it is one of the seven days of the imnus demons (45r);

if one takes a bride when it coincides with Friday, she will divorce (52r); it is generally a

good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r); it is a bad day

to put on a robe (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk

(56v); the head of its protective animal is the snakes (59r); it is one of the asterisms of

enemies (60v); one of the stars in the south in which good fortune resides (60v); it belongs

to the eminently just clan (61v); its orientation is south; of either the four or five elements,

its element is fire (21r, 27v, 45v, 59v, 61r); in one system it is the nakshatra in which one

is entangled in the devil's (albin demons') net; its figure is a snout and its number of stars is

six; in another system it is the nakshatra of the albin [demon] bandits; its figure is a horse

232
INTRODUCTION

and its number of stars again is six; in the Uygur Turfan texts its diagram shows seven stars,

but six are named, ", 0, (, ., :, g Leonis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its regent

are the pitaras, fathers or manes of the departed; it is figured as a house; whereas other

Indian sources usually give five stars, the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka gives six; the five stars are The

Sickle, ", 0, ., :, g Leonis (Burgess 1859: 332-333); it corresponds to the 25th Chinese

asterism, xing/hsing the constellation (Mathews 2772), comprising seven stars in the shape

of a hook to the southeast of the constellation Leo (Schlegel 1967: 448); Tngri-yin udq-a

gives Mig, seven stars (TU, 917).

Burvabalguni [S. prvphalgun < prv former; phalgun a kind of fig tree]; 9th of

the twenty-eight nakshatra; causes order to be disrupted at a feast (33v); it is a good day for

building a citadel (37r); building a temple or home (37r); doing battle with an enemy (48v);

bringing a bride into ones household (51r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with

Sunday, the bride will not suit (52r); the head of its protective animal is the peacocks (59r);

one of the nakshatra of death (60v); one of the four widow nakshtatra (61r); belongs to the

severe and fearsome clan (61v); its orientation is south; of both the four and five elements,

its element is fire (21r, 27v, 45v, 59v, 61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra which

is like the throat of the rakshasa; known as the predator's spirit nakshatra; called the howling

red jackal; its figure is a rat and its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as

the nakshatra of all those who cry out; its figure is a tree; its number of stars is two; in the

Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of two stars, *, h Leonis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian

sources a couch or bedstead is given for the figure of this or its complementary nakshatra,

233
INTRODUCTION

Uttaraphalgun; it is comprised of two stars, *, h Leonis; the corresponding Arab asterism

is called az-Zubrah, the mane i.e., of the Lion (Burgess 1859: 333-334); it corresponds to

the 26th Chinese asterism, zhang/chang (Mathews 195), the net, comprising six stars, L,

8, N, :, P, < Hydra (Schlegel 1967: 463); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists

it as Burvabalguni, the 11th constellation comprised of two stars, one of which is * of Leo)

(Kowalewski 1941: 1224); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Burvapalguni, six stars (TU, 917).

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni [S. uttaraphalgun the latter phalgun]; 10th of the twenty-

eight nakshatra; the first month of spring in the Klacakra (9r); it is a good day for building

a citadel (37r); a ruler to take the throne or a noble to receive a title (37r); building a temple

or home (37r); blessing a temple, scripture or Buddha image (37v); mounting a military

campaign (48v); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v);in

this a blessing becomes great (37v); if it coincides with the Dog day it is bad (46v); it is

generally a good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r); it

is one of the enemy stars (60v); its one of the four tan stars (61r); it belongs to the

unshakeable clan (61r); the head of its protective animal is the bears (59r); its orientation

is south; of the four elements, its element is air (21r, 45v, 59r); of the five elements, its

element is fire (28r, 61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra of the gods (tngri-ner)

(27v); the nakshatra in which the good fortune of a feast is disrupted; its figure is a sword

and its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as the nakshatra of the corpse-

like black messenger; its figure is a chair and its number of stars again is two; in the Uygur

Turfan texts its diagram shows six stars, but only two are stated, $, 93 Leonis (Rachmati

234
INTRODUCTION

1972: 300); in Indian sources a couch or bedstead is given for the figure; it is comprised of

two stars, again, $, 93 Leonis (Burgess 1859: 333-334) it corresponds to the 27th Chinese

asterism, yi/i (Mathews 3051), wing, comprising twenty-two stars in Crater and Hydra

(Schlegel 1967: 466-467); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as

Udaribalguni, the 12th constellation; contains all of the stars of the Vase (Aquarius) [sic] and

11 others in Hydra (Kowalewski 1941: 383); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Udaripalguni, twenty-

two stars (TU, 918).

Qasta [S. hasta hand]; 11th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the one that causes a lowly

commoner to enter the ranks of ministers (33v); Queen Vim-a (34r); if it coincides with

Sunday it is one of the seven holy water occasions (44v); if it coincides with Sunday it is one

of the seven fortunate occasions (44v); if it coincides with Saturday it is bad occasion that

brings death (45r); if it coincides with a Dog day it is bad (46v); it is a good day for setting

out on a journey (48v); mounting a military campaign (48v); tailoring a robe or clothing

(55v); mixing medicine (56r); it is a bad day to bring a bride into one's household or marry

off a daughter (53r); one of six nakshatra good for receiving a consecration (56v); one of the

erlig stars (60v); one of the eight personal stars (60v); it belongs to the four-wheels clan

(61r); the head of its protective animal is the snakes (59r); its orientation is south; of the four

elements, its element is air (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is fire (28r, 61r);

in one system it is known as the nakshatra of that which goes fast. This is called the

nakshatra in which Erlig's wolves run; its figure is a hand and its number of stars is five; in

another system, it is the nakshatra in which wood is encircled by flaming fire; its figure again

235
INTRODUCTION

is a hand and its number of stars, five; in the Uygur Turfan texts it comprises one star *

Corvi (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its regent is Savitar, the sun; it is figured as

a hand and contains five stars, *, (, g, ", $ Corvi (Burgess 1859: 334); it corresponds to the

28th Chinese asterism, zhen/chen the carriage (Mathews 307), comprising four central stars

$, *, (, , Corvus and two others " and 0 Corvus (Schlegel 1967: 477-478); as for other

Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Qasta hand; horn; a lunar constellation; $, (,

* Corbeau (Kowalewski 1941: 767); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Qasta, five stars (TU, 918).

Jayitari/ayitari/Jayitar [S. citr brilliant]; 12th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the

middle month of spring in the Klacakra (10r); the middle month of spring in the Klacakra

is made the first month of the year (3r); the one that brings about the kalpa of water (33r);

the meat-eating elephant (34r); it is a bad day for building a temple or home (37v); if one

takes a bride, if it coincides with Saturday, the bride will divorce (52r); it is a good day for

planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); mixing medicine (56r); the head of

its protective animal is the tigers (59r); one of the meritorious stars (60v); it belongs to the

eminently accommodating clan (61r); its orientation is south; of the four elements, its

element is air (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is fire (28r, 61r); in one

system its figure is a saber; this attribute, however, more likely belongs to the following

nakshatra, Suvadi (S. svti sword); its number of stars is one; in another system it is

known as the nakshatra of the vastness of a stag's antlers; its figure is a lotus and its number

of stars is one; in the Uygur Turfan texts its comprised of one star, " Virginis (Spica)

(Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its divinity is Tvashtar, the shaper, artificer; it is

236
INTRODUCTION

figured as a pearl or as a lamp; its one star again is " Virginis (Spica) (Burgess 1859: 334);

it corresponds to the 1st Chinese asterism, jiao/chiao horn (Mathews 1174), comprising

two stars, " and . Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 87-89); as for other Mongolian sources,

Kowalewski lists it as ayitar-a odun, the 14th lunar asterism; where one finds the star " at

the center of Virgo (Kowalewski 1941: 2076); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Jidra, two stars (TU,

900).

Suvadi/Suvadi [S. svti sword]; 13th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the one that

multiplies one man one hundred fold (33v); it is a bad day for building a temple or home

(37v); when it coincides with Saturday it is one the seven days for conquering the imnus

demons (45r); it is a good day for bringing a bride into ones household (51r); planting a crop

(55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (56r); mixing medicine (56r); teaching writing or

mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v); it is generally a good day to bring a

bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r); it is one of the stars for

accomplishing [magic]; it is good for the recipient [of magical rites] (60v); it is one of the

fortunate nakshatra in the south (60v); it belongs to the vacillating restless clan (61v);

the head of its protective animal is the stags (59r); its orientation is south; of the four

elements, its element is air (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is fire (28v, 61r);

in one system it is known as the nakshatra that turns one person into one hundred. This is

known as the nakshatra in which the rakshasa were flayed in the land of the gods; its figure

is a wish-fulfilling jewel (cintmani); its number of stars is four; in another system it is the

nakshatra in which to accomplish something, i.e., to do magic; its figure again is the wish-

237
INTRODUCTION

fulfilling jewel (cintmani) and its number is four; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised

of one star " Bootis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources it comprises a single star, "

Bootis, and is figured as a coral bead, gem, or pearl (Burgess 1859: 335); it corresponds to

the 2nd Chinese asterism, kang/kang (> gang/kang neck, i.e., the neck of the Blue Dragon

(Mathews 3273)), comprising four stars, 4, 6, 8, : Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 93-96); as for other

Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Suvadi, 4, P, 8, < of Virgo (Kowalewski 1941:

1419); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Suvadi, four stars (TU, 901).

ua(/Sua( [S. vikh having spreading branches]; 14th of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; it is the final month of spring in the Klacakra (11r); it is known as the nakshatra

of the foreign Chinese (29r); it is a bad day for building a temple or home (37v); when it

coincides with Wednesday it is one of seven occasions for holy water (44v); when it

coincides with Monday it is an occasion for burning (45r); if one takes a bride when it

coincides with Wednesday, the bride will bring danger (52r); it is good for bringing a bride

into ones household (53r); it is a good day for tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); putting on

a robe (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v); it is

one of six nakshatra good for receiving a consecration (56v); one of the enemy stars (60v);

it belongs to the firm but gentle clan (61v); the head of its protective animal is the tigers

(59r); its orientation is south; of the four elements, its element is fire (21r, 45v, 59v); of the

five elements, its element is either fire (29r) or earth (61r); in one system it is known as the

nakshatra by which ada and todqor (demons) congregate; its figure is a mountain and its

number is four; in another system it is the nakshatra in which to build a treasury; its figure

238
INTRODUCTION

is a goats head and its number is four; in the Uygur Turfan texts it comprises two stars, 4 and

( Librae (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources it comes under the regency of Indra and

Agni; early sources, including the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka, give two stars. Later authorities give four

stars: (, $, ", 4 Librae, figured as a gateway (Burgess 1859: 335); it corresponds to the 3rd

Chinese asterism, di/ti foundation (Mathews 6187), comprising four stars, ", $, (, 4 Libre

(Schlegel 1967: 102); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as ua(, ", $, (,

4 of Libra (Kowalewski 1941: 1540); Tngri-yin udq-a gives ua(, four stars (TU, 902).

Anurad [S. anurdh success]; the 15th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; Anurad day (8v,

9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v); on the 24th day (of the Tiger

month) by its coincidence with Monday, the good and bad auspices of the hours will be

foretold (8r); the one that brings sight to the blind (33v); the six sickle stars (34r); the one

that causes a woman to see the face of nine men (34r); in it supreme magic is found (38r);

when it coincides with Monday, there will be an occasion for one of the seven ambrosia

(44v); when it coincides with Wednesday there is an occasion for one of the seven blessings

(44v); when it coincides with Sunday it is a bad occasion that brings death (45r); it is a good

day for setting out on a journey (48v); it is a bad day for mounting a military campaign (48v);

it is a good day for doing battle with an enemy (48v); if one takes a bride when it coincides

with Monday or Tuesday, the bride will not suit (52r); it is a bad day for bringing a bride into

ones household (53r); it is a good day for planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing

(55v); putting on a robe (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become

a monk (56v); the head of its protective animal is the ?bears (geresengeri) (59r); it is one

239
INTRODUCTION

of the meritorious nakshatra (60v); one of the personal nakshatra (60v); it belongs to the

eminently accommodating clan (61r); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its element

is earth (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is metal (29r, 61r); in one system

it is known as the nakshatra in which a widowed woman seizes all the lands; its figure is an

elephants head and its number of stars is six; in another system it is the nakshatra in which

one woman crushes nine men; its figure is again an elephants head, but its number of stars

is five; in the Uygur Turfan texts its diagram shows five stars, but only three are named, *,

$, B Scorpionis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its divinity is Mitra, friend, one

of the dityas; according to the akalya, it is composed of three stars; all other sources give

four stars; it is figured as a bali or vali, ?a row of oblations; the three stars are as those in

the Uygur text above; the four stars are $,*, B, k Scorpionis (Burgess 1859: 337); it

corresponds to the 4th Chinese asterism, fang house (Mathews 1806), comprising four stars,

$, *, B, D Scorpio (Schlegel 1967: 113); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists

it as Anarad/Anurad, the 17th nakshatra, $, *, B, k of Scorpio (Kowalewski 1941: 11); Tngri-

yin udq-a gives Anurad, four stars (TU, 903).

ista [S. jyes}t}h~ oldest]; 16th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the ista day (8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v); the first month of summer in the

Klacakra (12r); the celestial rope (i(ta(-a) (34r); it is a good day for blessing a temple,

scripture or Buddha image (37v); fighting with an enemy (48v); bringing a bride into ones

household (53r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v);

it is one of the good nakshatra (37v); it is one of six stars for receiving a consecration (56v);

240
INTRODUCTION

it is one of the traveler stars; travelers should not depart (60v); it is one of the four widow

stars (61r); it belongs to the severe and fearsome clan (61v); the head of its protective animal

is the monkeys (59r); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its element is earth (21r,

45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is metal (29v, 61r); in one system it is known as

the nakshatra of the simnus. This is known as the nakshatra in which the fearsome ones are

satisfied; its figure is the antelope king and its number of stars is three; in another system it

is the nakshatra which makes the line of the gods; its figure is the holes of a corpse, i.e., the

eyes and nose; its number of stars again is three; in the Uygur Turfan texts it comprises three

stars, ", F, J Scorpionis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its regent is Indra, god of

the clear sky; it contains three stars and is figured as a ring or earring, perhaps a pendant

earring as its three stars form nearly a straight line (Burgess 1859: 337); it corresponds to the

5th Chinese asterism, xin/hsin heart (Mathews 2735), comprising three stars, Antares and

F, J Scorpio (Schlegel 1967: 138-151); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it

as ista, the 5th Indian month (Kowalewski 1941: 2154); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Jista, three

stars (TU, 903).

Mul [S. mla root]; 17th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; Mul day (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v); nakshatra of the albin demons (29v); the one that

makes a poor man rich (33v); the one that cuts off descendants (34r); it is a good day for

blessing a temple, scripture or Buddha image (37v); setting out on a journey (48v); doing

battle with an enemy (48v); bringing a bride into ones household (51r); in this one edicts are

made known (37v); when it coincides with Wednesday it is an occasion for burning (45r);

241
INTRODUCTION

when it coincides with Sunday, it is one of seven days for conquering the imnus demons

(45r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with Wednesday, the bride will not suit (52r);

it is generally a good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r);

it is a bad day for mixing medicine (56r); the head of its protective animal is the peacocks

(59r); one of the death stars; it is bad for everything (60v); one of the four tan stars (61r); it

belongs to the severe and fearsome clan (61r); its orientation is west; of the four elements,

its element is water (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is metal (30r, 61r); in

one system it is the nakshatra in which one wears a breast plate; its figure is the hairs of the

antelope kings head and its number of stars is three; in another system it is the nakshatra

in which a king is born and dies; its figure is a lions mane and its number of stars again is

three; in the Uygur Turfan texts its diagram shows an indefinite number of stars, 8 etc.

Scorpionis (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its presiding divinity is nirrti,

calamity, regent of the southwestern quarter; it is configured as a lions tail; most sources

give nine stars, some eleven, others two (Burgess 1859: 337); it corresponds to the 6th

Chinese asterism, wei tail (Mathews 7109), comprising nine stars, ,, :, ., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, <

Scorpio (Schlegel 1967: 153); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Mul,

,, ., 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, :, < of Scorpio (Kowalewski 1941: 2042); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Mul, nine

stars (TU, 903).

Burvasad [S. prv~s}~d}h~ < prva former; as}~d}h~ unsubdued]; 18th of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; Burvasad day (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v); the

one that causes profit to be found in stone (33v); the one that destroys good fortune (34r); it

242
INTRODUCTION

is a good day for building a citadel (37r); building a temple or home (37v); blessing a temple,

scripture, or Buddha image (37v); doing battle with an enemy (48v); planting a crop (55v);

teaching writing or mathematics or allowing a one to become a monk (56v); a good

nakshatra (37v); on this one sons and grandchildren will be many (38r); when it coincides

with Saturday it is an occasion for burning (45r); when it coincides with Friday it is an

occasion for conquering the imnus demons (45r); when it coincides with the Ox day, the

omen is bad (46v); if one takes a bride when it coincides with Saturday, the bride will not

suit (52r); it is bad for bringing a bride into ones household (53r); the head of its protective

animal is the lions (59r); one of the nakshatra of good fortune (60v); one of the nakshatra

in the south in which good fortune resides (60v); it belongs to the unshakeable clan (61r);

belongs to the eminently just clan (61v); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its

element is water (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is metal (30r, 61r); in one

system it is the nakshatra of the powerful ones; its figure is a tail and its number of stars is

four; in another system it is known as the prosperous nakshatra possessing the seven good

fortunes; its figure is a stupa and its number of stars again is four; in the Uygur Turfan texts

its diagram shows four stars, but one is named, * Sagittarius (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian

sources its divinity is pas, the waters; it usually has two stars, together with two in its

complementary nakshatra Uttar~s~d}h~ there are four; the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka gives four, (2, *,

g, 0 Sagittarius; it is usually configured together with Uttar~s~d}h~ as a bed or couch or the

one as a bed and the other as an elephants tusk (Burgess 1859: 338-339); it corresponds to

the 7th Chinese asterism, ji/chi the basket (Mathews 402), comprising four stars, (, *, ,,

243
INTRODUCTION

$ Sagittarius (Schlegel 1967: 161); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as

Burvasad, the 20th lunar asterism; (, *, ,, 0 of Sagittarius (Kowalewski 1941: 1224); Tngri-

yin udq-a gives Burvasad, four stars (TU, 903).

Udarisad/Udarasad [S. uttar~s~d}h~ the latter as~d}h~]; 19th of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; Udarisad day (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v); the seal

with seven banners (34r); it is a good day for a ruler to take the throne, or a noble to receive

a title (37r); building a temple or home (37v); blessing a temple, scripture, or Buddha image

(37v); setting out on a journey (48v); mounting a military campaign (48v); bringing a bride

into the household (51r); planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); putting on

a new robe (56r); teaching writing or mathematics or allowing one to become a monk (56v);

in this sons and grandchildren abound (38r); if it coincides with the Ox day it is bad (46v);

bringing a bride into the household (53r); the head of its protective animal is the yellow

bears (59r); it is one of the stars of accomplishing [magic]; it is good for the recipient [of

magical rites] (60v); it is one of the nakshatra in the west in which good fortune resides

(60v); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its element is earth (21r, 45v, 59v); of the

five elements, its element is metal (30v, 61r); in one system it is known as the nakshatra for

becoming a jewel of the ministers of state; its figure is an elephant and its number of stars

is five; in another system it is the nakshatra of the square basket; its figure is a basket; its

number of stars if four; this description corresponds to the 7th Chinese asterism, ji/chi

(Mathews 402), the basket which commonly corresponds to Prv~s}~d}h~ (see above under

Burvasad); in the Uygur Turfan texts its diagram shows four stars, but one is named, k

244
INTRODUCTION

Sagittarius (Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources its divinity is vive devs the collective

gods; it usually has two stars, together with two in its complementary nakshatra Prv~s}~d}h~

there are four; the Khan}d}a-Kat}aka gives four, n, F, J, . Sagittarius; it is usually configured

together with Prv~s}~d}h~ as a bed or couch or the one as a bed and the other as an elephants

tusk (Burgess 1859: 338-339); it corresponds to the 8th Chinese asterism, dou/tou peck

(Mathews, 6472), comprising six stars, :, 8, N, F, J, . Sagittarius (Schlegel 1967: 172-173);

as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Udarasad, the 21st constellation, .,

8, :, F, J, N of Sagittarius (Kowalewski 1941: 383); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Udarisad, six

stars (TU, 904).

Abiji/Abaji [S. abijit conquering]; the 20th nakshatra; the final month of summer in the

Klacakra (14r); the nakshatra of the gods (tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v); it is the

nakshatra of death (30v); the nakshatra which causes officials to fall from their rank

(timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu 33v); the nakshatra that causes one thief to

see nine kings (nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi Abiji buyu 34r); when the

Abiji day falls on a Monday, it is one of seven days for conquering the imnus demons

(im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji qoyar 45r); of the four

elements, its element is earth (21r, 45v, 59v); of the five elements its element is metal (31r,

61r); it is a good day for setting off on a journey (48v); a good day for bringing a bride into

ones household (51r); a good day for planting crops (55v); a good day for putting on a new

robe (56r); it is the star of the erlig (60v); its orientation is west; one of four stars that cut

off descendants (drben r-e tasura(san odun 61r); one of four nakshatra in the four wheels

245
INTRODUCTION

clan (drben krdn obo( 61r); the constellation of the singing orphan (da(ulai nin

odun 59r); the head of its protective animal is the stags (59r); in one system the appearance

of its four stars is like the jewel horse (30v); in another its three stars are like the head of an

elephant (59v); in Indian sources it usually has three stars, ", g, . Lyrae, shaped in a triangle,

as is found in a Uygur Turfan text as well (Burgess 1859: 339; Rachmati 1972: 300); its

regent is Brahma (Burgess 1859: 339); this corresponds to the 9th Chinese asterism, niu ox

(Mathews 4737), comprising six stars, ", $, >, @, B, D Capricorn (Schlegel 1967: 181); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Abii/Abiji, ", $, >, B, k of Capricorn

(Kowalewski 1941: 43); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Abiji, six stars (TU, 905).

irvan/irvang/iravan [S. ravan}a hearing, ear]; 21st of the twenty-eight nakshatra;

it is a good day for blessing a temple, scripture or Buddha image (37v); making a

consecration of a temple, stupa, or scripture (37v); setting out on a journey (48v); planting

a crop (55v); wearing a robe (56r); it is a bad day for teach writing or mathematics or

allowing one to become a lama (56v); its coincidence with Monday is one of seven blessed

coincidences of the nakshatra and the wandering stars (44v); it is the star of death (60v); one

of the four widow stars (61r); it belongs to the vacillating and restless clan (urbau l

tbidk obo() (61v); its orientation is west; of the four elements, its element is either water

(21r, 45v) or earth (59v); of the five elements, its element is either metal (30v) or earth (61r);

the head of its protective animal is the horses (59r); in the first systematization it is known

as the nakshatra of villages and crossroads (30v); its figure is an elephant head; and its

number of stars is three; in the second systematization it is the asterism of those who in

246
INTRODUCTION

vanquishing are themselves crushed (59r); its figure is a bellows and its number of stars

again is three (59v); in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of three stars, ", $, ( Aquilae

(Rachmati 1972: 300); in Indian sources it comprises the same three stars; its regent is

Vishnu and its figure is either the three footsteps by which Vishnu strode through heaven or

a trident (Burgess 1859: 340); it corresponds to the 10th Chinese asterism, n virgin

(Mathews 4776), comprising four stars, ,, :, <, 9 Aquarius (Mathews, 1931: 1177); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Siravang, the 7th month, in which the moon

is full in the constellation Aquila (Kowalewski 1941: 1522); Tngri-yin udq-a gives iravan,

four stars (TU, 906).

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa [S. dhanis}t}h~ the most wealthy]; 22nd of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; it is the nakshatra that causes profit to be found while seizing human bones (33v);

the one that causes tears to fall from the faces of queens (34r); together with Jupiter it is an

occasion for burning (45r); in conjunction with Saturday it is one of the seven days of the

imnus demons (45r); it is a good day for setting out on a journey (48v); setting out on a

military campaign (48v); wearing a new robe (56v); and mixing medicine (56r); if one takes

a bride when it falls on Sunday, the bride will divorce; when it falls on Monday, the bride

will bring danger; when it falls on Thursday, the bride will not be suitable (52r); it is a bad

day for giving away a daughter (53r); it is one of traveler stars; travelers should not depart

(60v); it is one of the personal stars (ber-n odun) (60v); it belongs to the vacillating and

restless clan (urbau l tbidk obo() (61v); the head of its protective animal is the yellow

birds (59r); its orientation is north; of the four elements, its element is either water (21r,

247
INTRODUCTION

59v) or earth (45v); of the five elements, its element is water (31r, 61r); in the first system

its figure is a vajra and its number of stars is four (31r); in the second system it is the

asterism of the predatory simnus [demons] (59r); its figure is a bird and its number of stars

is four (59v); in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised of four stars, $, ", (, * Delphini

(Rachmati 1972: 300); In Indian sources it usually comprises the same four stars; the

Khan}d}a-Kat}aka and kalya give five; its regents are a class of deities known as the vasus

bright, good (Burgess 1859: 340-341); it corresponds to the 11th Chinese asterism, xu/hs

empty (Mathews 2821), comprising two stars, $ Aquarius and " Equuleus (Schlegel 1967:

214); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Tanis/Danista/Danis, the 24th

lunar mansion; ", $, (, * Dauphin (Kowalewski 1941: 1560); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Danista,

two stars (TU, 907).

Sadabis [S. atabhisaj having one hundred physicians]; 23rd of the twenty-eight

nakshatra; it is a good day for building a citadel (37r); a ruler to take the throne or a noble

receive a title (37r); for setting out on a military campaign (48v); when it falls on a Tuesday,

this is a bad occasion that brings death (45r); it is generally a good day to bring a bride into

one's household or marry off a daughter (53r); it is one of the stars of fortune (keig-n

odun); one should not distribute possessions or livestock (61v); it is one of the eight personal

stars (61r); it belongs to the vacillating and restless clan (urbau l tbidk obo() (61v);

the head of its protective animal is the mules (59r); its orientation is north; of the four

elements, its element is either water (21r, 45v) or earth (59v); of the five elements, its

element is water (31r, 61r); in one system its figure is the everlasting flower (rglji seig)

248
INTRODUCTION

and its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as the asterism of all meat-eaters

(59r); its figure is flowers and its number of stars is two (59v); in the Uygur Turfan texts it

is comprised of five stars, the principal of which is 8 Aquari; in Indian sources this nakshatra

is said to be composed of 100 stars of which the brightest is 8 Aquari; the regent of the

asterism is Varuna, chief of the dityas, but later the god of water (Burgess 1859: 341); it

corresponds to the 12th Chinese asterism, wei (Mathews 7056), the summit, three stars, "

Aquarius and ,, 2 Pegasus (Schlegel 1967: 233); as for other Mongolian sources,

Kowalewski lists it as Sadabis, the 25th lunar constellation containing five stars found amidst

those of " of Aquarius and ,, 2 of Pegasis (Kowalewski 1941: 1306); Tngri-yin udq-a gives

Sadabis, three stars (TU, 908).

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad [S. prvbhdrapad < prv the former, bhadra

beautiful, happy pada foot]; 24th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; the first month of winter

in the Klacakra (15r); it is the star that makes one mare one hundred (33v); the asterism of

amatu sn-e, one should not mount a cavalry charge (34r); it is a good day for blessing a

temple, monastery, scripture, or Buddha image (37v); setting out on a journey (48v); bringing

a bride into ones household (51r); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); and mixing medicine

(56r); when it falls on a Tuesday it is one of the seven days for conquering the imnus

demons (45r); if it coincides with a Dragon day, the omen is bad (46v); it is one of the

asterisms of Erlig khan (60v); one of the personal asterisms (61r); it belongs to the eminently

just clan (61v); its orientation is north; of the four elements, its element is fire (21r, 45v,

59v); of the five elements, its element is water (31r, 61r); in one system its figure is a cart;

249
INTRODUCTION

its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as the asterism of the great Sun-a;

its figure is a tree; and its number of stars is one; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is comprised

of ", $ Pegasi; in Indian sources it comprises the same two stars; its figure is either a couch

or bed, a Janus-faced figure, or twins; its regent is a mythological one-footed goat; the

regent of the next asterism, Uttara-bhdrapad, is the mythological bottom-snake

(Burgess 1859: 341-343); in the manual the head of its protective animal is the snakes (59r);

it corresponds to the 13th Chinese asterism shi/shih house (Mathews 5820), comprising two

stars, " and $ Pegasus (Schlegel 1967: 275); as for other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski

lists it as Burvabadaribad, the first of two lunar constellations Bhdrapad, comprised of

" and $ Pegasis (Kowalewski 1941: 1224); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Burvabadarabad, two

stars (TU, 909).

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad [S. uttarabhdrapad < uttara the latter, bhadra

beautiful, happy pada foot]; 25th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; it is the asterism that

causes the wolfs claws to protract (33v); it is a good day for building a citadel (37r);

building a temple or home (37v); setting out on a journey (48v); mounting a military

campaign (48v); doing battle with an enemy (48v); bringing a bride into ones household

(51r); planting a crop (55v); tailoring a robe or clothing (55v); mixing medicine (56r); in this

nakshatra a blessing becomes great (38r); if it coincides with the Dragon day, the omen is bad

(46v); if the day for taking a bride is to be when it coincides with Monday, the bride will get

divorced (52r); it is generally a good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off

a daughter (53r); the head of its protective animal is the mules (59r); it is one of the

250
INTRODUCTION

asterisms of erlig (60v); it is one of two fortunate asterisms in the north (60v); it belongs to

the unshakeable clan (ingbatu obo(), 61r; its orientation is north; of either the four or five

elements, its element is water (21v, 31v, 45v, 59v, 61r); in one system its figure is a picket

post; its number of stars is two; in another system it is known as the asterism of the meat-

eating elephant; its figure is tree; it number of stars is two; in the Uygur Turfan texts it is

comprised of two stars, ( Pegasi, " Andromedae (Rachmati 1972: 301); in Indian sources

it comprises the same two stars; its figure is either a couch or bed, a Janus-faced figure, or

twins; its regent is a mythological bottom-snake (Burgess 1859: 341-343); it corresponds

to the 14th Chinese asterism bi/pi wall, cliff (Mathews 5113), comprising two stars, (

Pegasus and " Andromeda (Schlegel 1967: 302-302); as for other Mongolian sources,

Kowalewski lists it as Udaribadaribad, the 26th constellation; two stars: " of Andromeda and

( of Pegasis (Kowalewski 1941: 383); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Udaribadirabad, two stars (TU,

910).

Rivadi/Rivadi [S. revat wealthy, abundant]; 26th of the twenty-eight nakshatra; it is

the nakshatra that causes a handful of grain to fill one hundred silos (33v); the one that

causes the birds nest to be burned in a conflagration (33v); it is a good day for building a

temple or home (37v); and mixing medicne (56r); it is one of the nakshatra for performing

magic (btgek-yin odun); it is good for the deeds of those who receive [a magical rite]

(60v); one of the four tan stars (61r); belongs to the eminently accommodating clan (mai

okilan obo() (61r); the head of its protective animal is the horses (59r); its orientation is

north; of either the four or five elements, its element is water (21v, 31v, 45v, 59v, 61r); in

251
INTRODUCTION

one system it is known as the old woman's spirit nakshatra; its figure is a boat; and its

number of stars is thirty-two; in another system it is known as the nakshatra that cuts of

descendants; again its figure is a boat; and its number of stars is thirty-two; in the Uygur

Turfan texts its one star is . Piscium; in Indian sources it is said to contain thirty-two stars,

the junction star being . Piscium; its regent is Pshan, the prosperer, one of the dityas;

it figure is a drum or tabor (Burgess 1859: 343); it corresponds to the 15th Chinese asterism

kui/kuei pace (Mathews 3643), comprising sixteen stars, 0, ., 4, ,, *, B, <, :, $

Andromeda and F, J, L, <, N, P, R Pisces (Schlegel 1967: 316-317); as for other Mongolian

sources, Kowalewski lists it as Rivadi, $, *, 0, ., :, <, B, 4 of Andromeda, <, F, N?, R, and

five others of Pisces (Kowalewski 1941: 2661); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Rivadi, sixteen stars

(TU, 910).

Aivani/Auvani [S. avin the two horsemen]; the 27th nakshatra; the middle month of

winter in the Klacakra (16r); when it coincides with Tuesday, it is one of seven occasions

for a blessing of holy water (44v); when it coincides with Tuesday it is one of seven

occasions for finding good fortune (44v); when it coincides with Wednesday and Friday, it

is a bad occasion bringing death (45r); it is a good day for setting out on a journey (48v);

mounting a military campaign (48v); bringing a bride into ones household (51r); wearing

a new robe (56r); receiving a consecration (56v); if one takes a bride when it coincides with

Tuesday, there will be a divorce (52r); it is one of the enemy stars (dayisun-u odun) (60v);

one of two stars in the north where good fortune resides (60v); it belongs to the four wheels

clan (drben krdn obo() (61r); the head of its protective animal is the rams (59r); its

252
INTRODUCTION

orientation is north; of the four elements, its element is air (21v, 45v, 59v); of the five

elements, its element is water (32r, 61r); in one system its figure is a horse head; its number

of stars is three; in another system it is known as the nakshatra of the lone person who

crushes the enemy [menacing] the frontier; its figure again is the horse head; and the number

of stars again is three; in the Uygur Turfan texts its three stars are $, (, ", Arietis (Rachmati

1972: 301); in Indian sources the two horsemen are the Avins, mythological people of

ancient Hindu mythology, nearly corresponding to Castor and Pollox of the Greeks; they are

the divinities of the asterism; as in the manual, the asterism is figured as a horses head; as

a group of two stars it is composed of $ and ( Arietis; as a group of three it comprises $, (,

", Arietis (Burgess 1859: 327); it corresponds to the 16th Chinese asterism lou/lou (Mathews

4136), reaper, harvester, comprising three stars ", $, ( Aries (Schlegel 1967: 331); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Asuvani/Asavani, the first constellation of

the Indian zodiac; ", $, ( of the Ram (Kowalewski 1941: 55); Tngri-yin udq-a gives

Auvani, three stars (TU, 911).

Barani [S. bharan} < bhar carry]; the 28th nakshatra; it is the bade gate (33r); the

mundane or earthly gate (33r); the one that brings about the kalpa of fire (33r); the one that

erases or lessens bad enterprises or bad deeds (33v); when it coincides with Monday it is one

of the seven days of demons (45r); if one takes a bride when it coincides with Tuesday, the

bride will bring danger (52r); when it coincides with Wednesday, there will be a divorce

(52r); it is a bad day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a daughter (53r);

253
INTRODUCTION

the head of its protective animal is the oxs (59r); it is one of the asterisms of death; bad for

all things (60v); one of the four nakshatra that cut off descendants (61r); it belongs to the

eminently just clan (61v); its orientation is north; of the four elements, its element is fire

(21v, 45v, 59v); of the five elements, its element is either water (32r) or earth (61r); in one

system its figure is a lotus; its number of stars is three; in another system it is known as the

nakshatra of the eliy-e [demons] who seize people; its figure is a knife (or sharp instrument);

its number of stars is also three; in the Uygur Turfan texts its three stars are 35, 39, 41 Arietis

(Rachmati 1972: 301); in Indian sources its ruler is Yama, ruler of the world of departed

spirits; it is figured as the yoni or pudendum muliebre; its three stars are also 35, 39, 41

Arietis (Burgess 1859: 328); it corresponds to the 17th Chinese asterism wei (Mathews 7075)

the grain guard, comprising three stars, a, b, c Musca Borealis (Schlegel 1967: 341); as for

other Mongolian sources, Kowalewski lists it as Barani, the 2nd lunar asterism containing

three stars; *, ., J Aries (Kowalewski 1941: 1092); Tngri-yin udq-a gives Barani three stars

(TU, 912).

The Four Sky Animals

Among the tables of the good and bad times to set out on a journey, the table for the

final four months mentions the Red Magpie, White Tiger, Black Turtle and the Blue Dragon

(49r). In addition to these references, special attention is given to the movements of the Red

Magpie in the calendar each month. These four animals comprise the four seasonal palaces

of the 28 xiu in Chinese mathematics: 1. Spring Palace of the Azure Dragon of the East; 2.

254
INTRODUCTION

Summer Palace of the Red Bird of the South; 3. Autumn Palace of the White Tiger of the

West; 4. Winter Palace of the Black Warrior of the North, which is figured as a turtle (Sun

1997: 117). As for their antiquity, J. Needham posits the scheme existed around the time of

the ruler Wuding (1339-1281 BC [Needham 1959: 242]). Sun and Kistemaker argue that

around the Han time the xiu were divided into four quarters and related to the four compass

directions with four animal images, the xiang (Sun 1997: 113). Gaubil, Biot, and de

Saussure considered them much older. A. Gaubil dates the scheme to 2155-2796 BC (the

time of Yao Di (2300 BC)) (Sun, 1997: 16). Others such as Iijima Tadoa conclude that it

originated much later (400 BC) through Middle Eastern influence (Sun 1997: 16). Sun and

Kristemaker, in calculating the right Ascensions of the four xiu constellations within these

palaces that marked the vernal equinox, niao, summer solstice, huo, autumnal equinox, xu,

and the winter solstice, mao, find that at the year 2400 BC the values fit the cardinal points

rather well, suggesting a first use of these cardinal asterisms about 2300 BC . With an

uncertainty of plus or minus 250 years, this includes reign of Sargon in Akkad and Yao Di

(Sun 1997: 17-18). Sun and Kistemaker also show that a tomb excavated near Puyang,

Henan, contains images representing the Dragon and the Tiger. The age of the tomb is 3000

BC (Sun 1997: 116). It is worth noting that in ancient Mesopotamia on a stele of

Nebuchadnezzar I, from the 12th century BC, are four animals marking the seasons, one of

which, the winter Turtle corresponds with the Chinese. These are: Bull Spring; Scorpion

Autumn; Turtle Winter; Lamp Summer (Lindsay 1971: 53).

255
INTRODUCTION

IV.18 The Four Sky Animals

Manual English Chinese English Season Orientation

Kke luu Blue Dragon Canglong/ Azure spring east

Tsang-lung Dragon
(Mathews 6714,
4258)
Ula(an Red Magpie Zhuque/ Chu- Red bird summer south
aa(ai cheh (Mathews
1346.17)
a(an White Tiger Baihu/ White autumn west
baras Pai-hu (Mathews Tiger
2161.52)
Qara Black Turtle Xuanwu /Hsan- The Black winter north
yasutu wu (Mathews Warrior
meneki 2881, 7195)

The Zodiac

The zodiac is an imaginary zone of the heavens within which lie the paths of the sun

and the moon and the wandering stars. It is bounded by two circles of equal distance from

the ecliptic, about eighteen degrees apart; and it is divided into twelve signs and marked by

twelve constellations (Clerke, 1911: 993a). In the description of each month, the manual

gives the sign of the zodiac in the manner of the first month as follows: Because the sun has

entered the house of Aquarius the pitcher, on the earth wine will taste good (nara Qumqan-u

ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui [8r]). These twelve signs,

256
INTRODUCTION

along with the corresponding term in Uygur, Sanskrit, Modern Khalkha, and English, are

given in the table below:

IV.19 The Twelve Signs of the Zodiac64

Manual Uygur Sanskrit Modern Babylonian English

(Translation) Khalkha
Mongolian
Qumqan Kumba Kumbha Khumkh Gu (the Aquarius
(Pitcher) (Pitcher) great one) the Water
Bearer
Ji(asun (Fish) Mina Mna Dzagas Kun, Kun- Pisces the
(Fish) me, Zib- Fishes
me (the
tails)
Qonin Mi Mesa Khonin Hun, Lu Aries the
(Sheep) (Ram) (hireling) Ram
ker (Cattle) Vri Vr}isha kher Gu-an (bull Taurus the
(Bull) of heaven), Bull
Ml-ml
(the stars)
Qamtudqui Maidun Mithuna Khamtadgakh Ma-ma Gemini the
(Union) (Couple) (the great Twins
twins)
Gargada Karkad Karkat}a Melkhii Alla (crab) Cancer the
(Crab) (Crab) Crab
Arsalan Sinx-a Sim}ha Arslan A, Ur-a Leo the
(Lion) (Lion) (lion) Lion

64
For the Uygur terms see Rachmati 1972: 299; for the Babylonian terms see
Rochberg 1998: 29.

257
INTRODUCTION

Okin (Virgin) Kany-a Kany Okhin Absin Virgo the

(Virgin) (furrow) Virgin
inglegr Tuly-a Tul Jinglr Rn (the Libra the
(Scale) (Scale) scales) Balance
Tiler Vrik Vr}icika Khilents Gr-tab Scorpio the
(Scorpion) (Scorpio) (scorpion) Scorpion
Numun Tanu Dhanus Nom Pa Sagittarius
(Bow) (Bow) the Archer
Matar (Sea- Makara Makara Matar M (Goat- Capricorn
monster) (Sea- fish) the Goat
monster)

In the manual the order of the signs follows the Chinese mathematical calendar in which the

vernal equinox falls in the middle of the second sign, Ji(asun (Pisces). In ancient

Mesopotamia the vernal equinox fell on the first point of Aries the Ram. In the manual the

term for the house of the zodiac is ger, whereas in modern Khalkha the form is ord

palace. Thus, as the manual gives Qumqan-u ger for the first sign, modern Khalkha has

Khumkhyn ord (Terbish 1997: 4). The fifth sign, Qamtudquy-yin ger, is noteworthy in that

it shows a specific Indian influence. In the West, as in the original Babylonian, the term

refers to twins. Here, due to the ambiguity of Sanskrit mithuna, which can mean twins, but

more generally refers to a pair, especially male and female and the sexual act, the reference

is to the union of man and woman (MW 816-817; Jones 1799: 292). This was carried over

in the Chinese translation of the term (Ho 2003: 71) and is witnessed in the manual in the

monthly sign as follows, Because the sun has entered Gemini, a lustful mind will be born

in all living beings of the world (naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula. yirtin-yin

258
INTRODUCTION

qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi [12r]). The tenth sign, Tiler-n ger, is sometimes

also given in Mongolian sources as gey-yin ger (Bese 1972: 158) but more commonly as

Kilinet-yin ger Scorpio (see, for instance, Khilentsiin ger in the almanacs published by

Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish; cf. also kiline in the Klacakra [KOT 68]). The

eleventh sign, Numun-u ger, again shows a variation from the Western conception of the sign

in that here the sign is designated only by the stars of the bow (Jones, William 1799: 292).

This too is found in the first translation of the term into Chinese (Ho 2003: 71). Finally, the

sixth and twelfth signs again betray the Indian origins of the signs of the zodiac in Mongolia.

The term gargada in the sign of Cancer is S. karkat}a crab. The more commonly found

Mongolian term for crab sometimes found instead is naimali from the stem naiman

"eight" referring to the crabs eight claws.65 However, this sign of the zodiac is now

commonly referred to as Meneki-yin ger (the frog [see, for instance, Melkhiin ger in the

modern Mongolian almanacs of Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish]). The term matar

in the twelfth sign, Matar-un ger, is from Sanskrit makara sea monster, crocodile. The

difference between this and the Western form, the Goat, again shows the ultimate origin of

these twelve signs in ancient Mesopotamia, where there was a constellation of a mythological

creature, suhur.m (the goat-fish [Koch-Westenholz 1995: 164]). The Greeks, in borrowing

the Babylonian zodiac created a mythological goat that Westerners know as Capricorn.

Hindus, however, in borrowing the zodiac, went the other way and created a mythological

fish or sea-monster (S. makara, Mong. matar [Schlegel 1967: 664]).

65
For a Mongolian system with Naimali-yin ger see a(i 1993: 75.

259
INTRODUCTION

According to O. Neugebauer, the time of the invention of the zodiac is most likely

around 450 BC. It appears for the first time in 419 BC, although the constellations by which

the signs are named are much older (Neugebaur 1951, 97-98). It replaced the earlier series

of seventeen constellations in the path of the moon. Though first used in Babylonian time

reckoning, the zodiac soon came to play an important role in astrology and astro-magic, for

it led to the rise of nativities, also known as the horoscope (Koch-Westenholz 1995:163).

This marks the beginning of the trend towards a focus on the individual in mathematics. In

part stimulated by more precise computations, this trend came at a time when the political

role of diviners in government was weakened under the Persian Achaemenids (Barton 1994:

94). The oldest Babylonian text yet known that refers to signs of the zodiac, not the

constellations, is a horoscope from 410 BC (See Neugebauer 1968: 187; Burkert 1972: 334).

It is said that the twelve signs of the zodiac were introduced to Greece by Cleostratus of

Tenedos, a pupil of Anaximander (Burkert 1972: 333). Yano Michio shows that they were

first introduced into China in the Xiu yaojing, an early work of tantric Buddhism in China,

translated into Chinese in AD 759 and then again 764 (Ho 2003: 69-71; Needham 1959: 258;

Schafer 1977: 10).

The Twelve Animals

Long before the arrival of the Western zodiac, the Chinese had a zodiacal system of

their own. Though often mistaken for a distortion of the Western zodiac, it is completely

unique (Needham, 1959: 258). Based on the cycle of Jupiter, the twelve Jupiter stations

260
INTRODUCTION

ci/tzu (Mathews 6980) divide the ecliptic unequally, according to the xiu asterisms and the

four animal palaces, xiang, in a retrograde direction, i.e., against the course of the sun

(Needham, 1959: 258). At some point in time (perhaps the 6th century BC), this duodenary

division became associated with the famous cycle of animals, rat, ox, tiger, etc. The origin

of this animal cycle has been greatly debated. Some, such as Edouard Chavannes believed

the Chinese borrowed the cycle from the Turks (Chavannes 1906: 51-122). Others believed

that the cycle is essentially Chinese. Among these, L. de Saussure argued that the animal

cycle went from the four celestial animals, the dragon, bird, tiger and turtle, to six, eight and

then twelve terms (de Saussure 1967: 309-402). That the animal cycle came to the Turks

from China was demonstrated by Paul Pelliot who deciphered texts showing the gradual

assimilation of the Chinese calendrical system as Turkish peoples established relations with

China (Pelliot 1928: 26, 201).

This view is supported by Turcologists such as Louis Bazin who show that the

calendrical knowledge of the Turks of Central Asia derived from Chinese culture (Needham,

1959: 406; Bazin, 1991: 120-122). Bazin argues that during the Han dynasty, around the

beginning of the Christian era, the cycle of the twelve animals becomes the popular substitute

for the abstract Chinese astrological cycle of the twelve branches, zhi/chih ([Mathews 937]

Bazin, 1991: 122). Because New Year was celebrated at different times, at the winter solstice

among the Chinese and at the vernal equinox among the Turks, rectifying the two systems

was a problem for them in adopting the official Chinese calendar. So the Turks only

followed the Chinese usage concerning the beginning and end of the four seasons. (They

261
INTRODUCTION

also took the intercalary system, 13th month, to justify solar and lunar means of reckoning

[Bazin 1991:120]). In the manual the twelve animal cycle is found in the sexagenary

calendar matrix together with a transcription of the ten abstract Chinese celestial stems and

in place of the abstract Chinese earthly branches (7v), a custom common among the Uygurs

(Rachmati 1972: #4, 301). The animal cycle is also used to denote the year, month, day, hour

and orientation. In the calendar, the twelve animals are paired with the twelve stages of

dependent origination (itn barildaqui). Though the Chinese animal cycle starts with the

rat, in the manual the cycle begins with the third animal in the series, the tiger. This came

about during the Mongol Empire when Phags-pa lama under Qubilai khan synchronized the

Chinese and Tibetan calendars (Schuh 1973: 5-8). However, the day, in keeping with

Chinese custom, begins in the midst of the Rat hour. Also, in the manuals section on

marriage, the cycle of years begins with the Rat, revealing an older Chinese technology

included in the text (53r).

IV.20 The Twelve Animals

Mongolian Chinese English

262
INTRODUCTION

1. Bars 3. Hu (Mathews 2161) Tiger

2. Taulai 4. Tu/Tu (Mathews 6534) Hare
3. Luu 5. Long/Lung (Mathews 4258) Dragon
4. Mo(ai 6. She/Sh (Mathews 5698) Snake
5. Morin 7. Ma (Mathews 4310) Horse
6. Qonin 8. Yang (Mathews 7247) Ram
7. Bein 9. Hou (Mathews 2139) Monkey
8. Takiy-a 10. Ji/Chi (Mathews 428) Cock
9. Noqai 11. Gou/Kou (Mathews 3413) Dog
10. 'aqai 12. Ju/Chu (Mathews 1357) Pig
11. Qulu(ana 1. Shu (Mathews 5871) Rat
12. ker 2. Niu (Mathews 4737) Ox

Orientation

While sets of five and ten directions (g) are common in Mongolian sources, the

manual offers two schemes different from these.66 The first, of eight, gives the cardinal and

intermediate (obkis) directions, as is common in English, except that the way of naming the

intermediate directions is inverse in Mongolian to that of English. Northeast is written

east north in Mongolian (doron-a umar-a), and so on. The manual often mixes these

forms. The other scheme is of twelve directions, according to the twelve animals, in which

the first animal, the tiger (baras) corresponds to the east.

IV.21 The Eight Directions

66
Five and ten direction schemes are common in Chinese sources. A ten direction
system is also common in Indian Buddhist sources. For instance, the Klacakra has both
eight and ten direction systems (KOT 93, 181); cf. also Poppe (1967: 21, 68).

263
INTRODUCTION

Manual English
1. doron-a/drn-e/dorona east
2. doron-a umara/umara doron-a northeast
3. umar-a/umara north
4. rn-e umar-a northwest
5. rn-e west
6. rn-e emn-e/emn-e rn-e southwest
7. emn-e south
8. doron-a emn-e southeast

Time Reckoning

Sexagenary Cycle

The chronology in the manual is based on a sexagenary cycle invented in China

centuries ago. The abstract characters of the cycle are among the most common on the

oracle-bones of the 2nd millennium BC. In the Shang period they were used strictly as a day

count. Only during the Han dynasty in the first century BC were they used to count the years

as well (Needham 1959: 396). This Chinese cycle, which has been widely adopted in Inner

Asia, is comparable to the Indian sixty year cycle. Both are based on the motion of Jupiter.

The Chinese system is attested in Tibetan sources from the 9th century, prior to the coming

of the Indian system, which was introduced with the Klacakratantra. The two have co-

existed in Tibet, though with the Yuan period calendar realignment the Indian rab-byung

264
INTRODUCTION

cycle begins three years after the start of the Chinese cycle, that is, with the Fire-female-hare

year instead of the Wood-male-rat (Uray 1984: 341-345).

The Chinese system is comprised of two sets of binary terms, the ten heavenly stems

and the twelve earthly branches, the etymologies of which have been lost over time

(Needham 1959: 396). Assigning the first stem to the first branch, the second stem to the

second branch and so on, the cycle completes itself in sixty years and begins again after the

first terms in each series coincide once more, the heavenly stems repeating six times, the

earthly branches, five times. In another manner of speaking, the sexagenary cycle is

generated within the matrix of ten stems and twelve branches. The 60 terms of the cycle fall

within 120 matrix terms. This greater dimension to the matrix, creates ambiguities for the

shaping of its meaning. First of all, in each decade of the sexagenary cycle there are always

two signs of the twelve branches that remain unused. These two signs are termed orphan

(Schipper 1986: 201). More importantly, given the terms of the cycle (six sets of the ten

heavenly stems and five sets of the twelve earthly branches), a factor of two remains. Given

this factor of two, one sees that the terms of the matrix can be defined in two different ways,

either in terms of the ten heavenly stems or in terms of the twelve earthly branches. If one

were to mark them accordingly, one would find that the matrix appears differently whether

one counts five cycles of twelve or six cycles of ten. As such opposing traditions read the

matrix differently, emphasizing different numerologies.

While the names of the years as given by the abstract terms of the ten heavenly stems

and 12 earthly branches give no indication of the meaning of the matrix, examining the

265
INTRODUCTION

contents of Chinese almanacs and other sources, especially the names of the years in various

traditions based on the Chinese system, reveal how the matrix is to be understood. This is

because these traditions often express the binary cycle in three terms instead of only two.

The year 1997, for example, is given in Mongolian almanacs as the Ula(a(in ker il

(Female-red-ox year) of the 17th 60 year cycle. In this year the term ox is from the Chinese

zodiac so often used instead of the twelve earthly branches. Red reflects the ten heavenly

stems. However, the system gives only five colors, red, yellow, white, black and blue not

ten. Thus, in this system the years follow a sequence such that two red years are followed

by two yellow years, and so on. Of these pairs, one red year, is distinguished from

another by gender (Everding 1982: 475-477; Poucha 1962: 192-204). Thus, in this scheme

the mathematics of the matrix reveal three terms, twelve, five and two instead of twelve

and ten or ten, six and two. In this scheme the dual combinations includes every other stem:

1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, etc. While this scheme is very common (see the dual

combinations in Mathews, 1176), dual combinations of the ten stems can be formed by

uniting every fifth stem as well, i.e., 1 and 6, 2 and 7, 3 and 8, etc. This latter method is

found in the manual. Hypothetically, the same could be done from the opposing perspective

with the twelve branches also.

In the manual chronology is represented in terms of 60 months. The title to the

chronological table reads, arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn ene bui (this is the

table by which one knows the appearance of the twelve months). These 60 months fall under

year headings, five of them, comprised of dual combinations of the ten heavenly stems in

266
INTRODUCTION

which the combination is every fifth. The first year is ja jii (Ch. jia ji, the first and sixth

stems), the second year is yi geng (Ch. yi geng, the second and seventh stems), and so on.

The names of the months are given in terms of the Chinese ten heavenly stems and the

twelve animals. The first month given is Bing-baras sara (the Ping-tiger month). In this one

does not find the exact equivalents of the traditional Chinese terms, ding zhou, wu yin, and

so on; nor exactly equivalents for the Tibetan variations of those terms, fire ox, earth

tiger, and so on, but rather a combination of the two methods, ding ox, wu tiger, and so on.

This method was an Uygur variation of the Chinese system, adopted by the Mongols during

the imperial period into the Mongolian calendar (Kennedy 1964: 435; Rachmati 1972: #4,

p. 301; Cleaves 1951: 56). It epitomizes the nature of Uygur astrological influence, which

was to synthesize disparate traditions, especially those of India and China. As such, this

method is distinct from numerous other variations on the sexagenary cycle employed during

the Qing, a list of which follows:

Uygur stem-animal
Mongol (gender-) color-animal
Tibetan element-animal
Chinese stem-branch and/or reign number
Tibeto-Qing element-animal and reign number
(Elverskog 2005: 161).

In traditional Chinese reckoning, the terms ping and tiger represent the third heavenly stem

and earthly branch respectively. They are given here first according to the calendar

realignment during the Mongol Empire when Phags-pa lama under Qubilai khan

synchronized the Chinese and Tibetan calendars (Schuh 1973: 5-8). In the same table, 60

267
INTRODUCTION

hours fall under the headings of five days, which take the same forms as the years. However,

as for the 60 hours, instead of beginning with the third terms of the heavenly stems and

branches, as do the 60 months, they begin with the fourth terms of the respective cycles,

making the first term ding taulai a( (7v).

IV.22 The Ten Heavenly Stems

# MANUAL UIGUR CHINESE

1. a kap jia/chia (Mathews 610)
2. ii ir yi/i (Mathews 3017)
3. bing pi/pii/ping bing/ping (Mathews 5284)
4. ding ti/ting ding/ting (Mathews 6381)
5. uu uu/bu/buu wu (Mathews 7197)
6. i/yii/gi/gii ki ji/chi (Mathews 429)
7. geng/ging k/king geng/keng (Mathews, 3339)
8. in/ing sin xin/hsin (Mathews 2739)
9. im im/im/im ren/jen (Mathews 3100)
10. gi ki gui/kuei (Mathews 3628)

In this table the variant Uygur terms, gathered from among the Turfan texts, show an ongoing

relationship with Chinese. The Uygur term for the first heavenly stem, kap, Ch. jia, retains

a Middle Chinese final -p. The -r in the Uygur term for the second stem, ir, Ch. yi,

transcribes Middle Chinese final -t. Of the variant forms for the third stem, pi transcribes an

268
INTRODUCTION

earlier Middle Chinese pronunciation than does ping (Bazin 1991: 351; Rachmati 1972:

passim). This nasalization of the vowels took place in late Middle Chinese and can be seen

in the variant Uygur forms for the 4th and 7th stems as well. The Mongolian term for the 9th

heavenly stem, im (< Uy. im), retains Middle Chinese final -m. Final -p and -t, however,

are absent in the 1st and 2nd stems. This indicates a late Middle Chinese assimilation of the

Chinese system (via Uygur) since by the time of the Mongol Empire final -p, -t, and -k had

disappeared in northern Chinese (Pulleyblank 1971: 138). The dual combinations of the ten

heavenly stems is given below:

IV.23 Dual Combinations of the Ten Heavenly Stems (7v)

1. a and 6. i/yii/gi/gii
2. ii and 7. geng/ging
3. bing and 8. in/ing
4. ding and 9. im
5. uu and 10. gi

The complete sexagenary cycle is as follows:

IV.24 Sexagenary Cycle

269
INTRODUCTION

jia yi bing ding wu ji geng xin ren gui

tiger 1 13 25 37 49
rabbit 2 14 26 38 50
dragon 51 3 15 27 39
snake 52 4 16 28 40
horse 41 53 5 17 29
ram 42 54 6 18 30
monkey 31 43 55 7 19
cock 32 44 56 8 20
dog 21 33 45 57 9
pig 22 34 46 58 10
rat 11 23 35 47 59
ox 12 24 36 48 60

The Calendar

The sexagenary cycle, described above, does not depend on the solar or lunar cycles,

but conforms to an approximation of those cycles, a year of 360 days, 12 months in a year,

and a month of 30 days. These terms form the matrix of a calendar (8r-19v). Because no

certain method is given for fixing the solar and lunar cycles and the New Year, the manual

contains no calendar per se.67

67
For a discussion of the various calendrical systems used by the Mongols during the
late 19 and early 20th centuries see Appendix E of Christopher Atwoods Young Mongols
th

and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolias Interregnum Decades, 1911-1931. Here Atwood

mentions the various Tibetan calendars described in detail by D. Schuh (1973: 133-137), the
Chinese lunar calendar which is well known, and points out a uniquely Mongolian calendar

270
INTRODUCTION

The Days

The day is the smallest unit of natural time. The Mongolian term qono( refers

specifically to the nychthemeron, a day and its night or a full day, while edr, as in English,

though sometimes referring to the full day, is especially used for the period of daylight. The

term for night is sni. As in the West today, in the manual the day begins at midnight (sni

dli [6v]). It begins in the midst of the Rat hour, which in keeping with Chinese tradition,

is twice as long as the Western hour, making 12 hours in a day instead of 24. The first half

of the Rat hour belongs to the preceding day, the last half belongs to the coming day (6v).

When the sun has not yet risen, if one does not recognize the face of someone at a distance

of ten yards and one foot, it is in the outer limits of the night. If one recognizes the face it

is in the outer limits of the day. When the sun sets, if one recognizes the face of someone

at a distance of ten yards and one foot, it is in the outer limits of the day. If one does not

recognize the face, it is in the outer limits of the night (6v). The manual, as is common in

Indian and Tibetan mathematics, distinguishes three kinds of day (qono(-un (urban il),

reflecting three incommensurate cycles in nature: 1. the zodiac or sidereal day (Tib. khyim-

zhag), the time it takes the sun to progress one out of 360 degrees of the zodiac or the

movement of the sun across the celestial meridian; there are 360 such days in a year; this is

the longest type of day; 2. the doin, the solar or natural day (Tib. nyin-zhag), the period from

dawn to dawn; there are 365 such days per year; 3. the date or lunar day (Tib. tshes-zhag),

the period of time it takes the moon to travel one-thirtieth the distance between new moon

of the Khalkha (Atwood 2002: 1067-1070).

271
INTRODUCTION

positions in each successive sign of the zodiac; there are 375 lunar days in a year; this is the

shortest type of day (Berzin 1987: 20-21; Schuh 1973: 84). As for the natural or solar day,

in the calendar, the manual shows the variations in lengths of day and night over the course

of the year (8r-19v):

IV.25 Hours of Light and Darkness

Month Hours of Daylight Hours of Darkness

(Mong.) qubi (Eng.) hours (Mong.) qubi (Eng.) hours
Tiger 26 10 hr. 24 min. 34 13 hr. 36 min.
Hare 28 11 hr. 12 min. 32 12 hr. 48 min.
Dragon 30 12 30 12
Horse 32 12 hr. 48 min. 28 11 hr. 12 min.
Snake 34 13 hr. 36 min. 26 10 hr. 24 min.
Ram 36 14 hr. 24 min. 24 9 hr. 36 min.
Monkey 34 13 hr. 36 min. 26 10 hr. 24 min.
Cock 32 12 hr. 48 min. 28 11 hr. 12 min.
Dog 30 12 30 12
Pig 28 11 hr. 12 min. 32 12 hr. 48 min.
Rat 26 10 hr. 24 min. 34 13 hr. 36 min.
Ox 24 9 hr. 36 min. 36 14 hr. 24 min.

The Week

272
INTRODUCTION

Besides the number of the day of the month, one through thirty, there are seven other

daily cycles given in the manual: 1. the seven day week; 2. eight day week; 3. nine day week

or nine graha; 4. 28 nakshatra; 5. twelve animals; 6. twelve stages of dependent origination;

7. twelve lords of the day. Of these the primary reckoning system is the seven day week.

Today referred to in Mongolian as the dolo(an qono( (seven days), in the manual it is

referred to in the traditional way as dolo(an gara(/dolo(an odun (the seven stars). These

are, of course, the sun and moon, and the five planets known to the ancient world: Saturn,

Jupiter, Venus, Mars, and Mercury. The seven day week originated in ancient Mesopotamia,

and is found in the creation story in the Bible (Genesis 1-2 [Thompson, v. 2, 1900: xxiii]).

However, the form of the seven day week that has come down to us is not Babylonian, but

a Greek creation, which synthesizes the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. This

is clear from the study of their order, which is in descending order according to their sidereal

rotation, the underlying assumption for this order being that the longer one of them takes to

go through the heavens, the farther it is from earth. Their order is from farthest to nearest:

Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon. Taking these in this order, every hour

of the day is then given a ruler. The ruler of the first hour of the first day is Saturn, the

ruler of the second hour of the first day is Jupiter and so on for twenty-four hours. Then the

first hour of the next day goes to the Sun; so Sunday, and so on, giving us the names of the

days of the week (Tester 1987: 4). It is Greek in origin because its basis is the arrangement

of celestial bodies according to their distance from earth and it supposes a division of the day

273
INTRODUCTION

into 24 hours, a form of reckoning not Babylonian but ultimately of Egyptian origin

(Neugebaur 1951: 162-163).

One finds the same order in India, except that the designation of the first hour of the

first day of the week is given to the sun, Sunday, as the sun is lord of all planets (Burgess

1859: 175-176). In Europe Sunday became the first day of the week when Christians adapted

the Mithraists festival of the Birth of the Unconquered Sun (natalais solis invicti). This

festival was celebrated on December 25 as the day the suns light begins to increase after the

winter solstice. It was inaugurated by the Emperor Aurelian in AD 274. Christians, in

associating the birth of the sun with the birth of Christ, began to celebrate Christmas on

December 25, AD 336 and made December 25 the first day of the Church year and Sunday

the first day of the week (Macey 1989: 26). For the Jews the week begins on Saturday. In

China, the absence of the seven day week from almanacs has led some to believe that the

planetary week was not known prior to the coming of Jesuits in the 16th century

(Bobrovnikoff 1984: 24). E. G. Richards, in his monograph on the history of calendars,

states that the planetary week was first used in 1207 (Richards 1998: 165). However, as he

does not cite his source, given the multiplicity of systems in China, the context is unknown.

Nonetheless, even though the planetary week was not incorporated into the Xia calendar (the

primary calendrical system of China from 104 BC during the Han dynasty until the

promulgation of the Gregorian calendar in 1912), it was not unknown (Wilkinson 1998:

190). The seven day week is attested in the Muslim calendar (Mong. qotong iruqai) found

in China in the department for Muslim astrology (Ch. Hui hui ke) established during the

274
INTRODUCTION

Mongol empire (a(i 1993: 78). From the Sui-Tang period at least, the planetary week

(Ch. qiyao/chi-yao seven luminaries [Mathews, #7305; Soothill and Hodous, 12])

according to the Indian system was known in China through Buddhist sources. The Indian

planetary week (Ch. qiyao/chi-yao seven luminaries [Mathews, #7305; Soothill and

Hodous, 12]) first appeared in China in AD 230 with the translation of the Mtanga-stra

into Chinese (Ho 2000: 83). Prior to this time the planetary week according to the original

system beginning with Saturday, had also been known from Iranian culture, Persia and

Sogdia, via Central Asia (Needham 1959: 204-205; Schafer 1977: 10-11). The earliest

references to seven luminary systems are in the Hou Hanshu, i.e., before AD 210

(Needham, 1959: 205). As for the Turks of Central Asia, certainly by the middle of the 8th

century AD the seven day week in numerous forms that reflected the diversity of that

region was being used in their calendars together with the twelve year animal cycle of

Chinese origin. Among the Uygurs the Chinese system was most common (Bazin 1991: 124,

251; Golden 1995: 363-375; Gyarmati 1995; Rybatzki 2003: 263).

In the manuals calendar, following Chinese custom, Saturday (iroi odun) is the first

day of the week (8v-19v), but in the description of the seven planets (21v-24v) and

throughout the section of various items (37r-61v) Sunday (Naran odun), following Indian

custom, is given first. The manual mentions the two customs in discussing the birthday of

the Bodhisattva Majuri, when it says, if one counts according to the custom of beginning

with the Earth star on the first day of the month, then, the celebration of the Bodhisattva

Majuri's birth is the day when the thirteenth, the Tiger day, coincides with the Wood star

275
INTRODUCTION

(2r). In Mongolia (and throughout Asia) naming schemes for the days of the week abound.

A common method is to list the days by their number (nowadays typically beginning with

Monday as the first day of the week). Also found is the use of Tibetan and Sanskrit terms

for the days of the week (Ligeti 1972: 371-375). The manual, however, consistently uses the

Mongolian translations of the Chinese names for the wandering stars, which was the Uygur

practice as well (Gyarmati 1995).

IV.26 The Seven Day Week

Manual Chinese Mongolo- Sanskrit Mongolo- Tibetan English

Sanskrit Tibetan
Naran odun Ri/Jih Adiya ditya Nima Nyi ma Sunday

Saran odun Yue Sumiya Soma Daba Zla ba Monday

'al odun Huoxing/ Anggira ( Angraka M i(mar Mig dmar Tuesday

Huo-hsing

Usun odun Shuixing/ Bod Budha Lha (ba Lhag pa W ednesday

Shui-hsing

Modun Muxing/ Bragasbadi Brhaspati Prb Phur bu Thursday

odun Mu-hsing

Altan odun Jinxing/ ugra ukra Ba (asang/Ba Pa sangs Friday

Chin- sang
hsing

iroi odun Tuxing/ Saniar anaicara Bimba Spen pa Saturday

Tu-hsing

276
INTRODUCTION

The eight day week is comprised of the seven days previously mentioned plus Rhu,

given in the manual as Luuq-a, via Chinese transcription, Luohou. The eight day week is

common in both the Klacakra and Vaidurya dkar-po systems. The manual mentions that

the source here is the Klacakra (45v).

The term nine days or nine planets (isn gara() is mentioned in the text, though the

individual terms are not given. This system refers to the original sun, moon and the five

wandering stars, plus the two lunar nodes, the previously mentioned Rhu, and the

descending node, Ket (32v).

IV.27 The Seven, Eight and Nine Day Weeks

Seven Day Eight Day Nine Day English

Week Week Week
Planet Day of the
Week
Naran odun Naran odun Naran odun Sun Sunday
Saran odun Saran odun Saran odun Moon Monday
'al odun 'al odun 'al odun Mars Tuesday
Usun odun Usun odun Usun odun Mercury Wednesday
Modun odun Modun odun Modun odun Jupiter Thursday
Altan odun Altan odun Altan odun Venus Friday
iroi odun iroi odun iroi odun Saturn Saturday
Luuq-a odun Luuq-a odun Rhu: the moons
ascending node

277
INTRODUCTION

[Ket odun] Ketu: the moons

descending node

The twelve animals are found in the calendar together with the twelve stages of dependent

origination (itn barildaqui [8v-19v]). For the Twelve Animals see above under Zodiac.

For the Twelve Stages of Dependent Origination/itn Barildaqui, see above under Ritual.

The Twelve Lords

The twelve lords of the day (arban qoyar een) is a cycle of twelve days of Chinese

origin, commonly found in Mongolian sources (see, for example, MONG. 156, 128, 282 and

511 (Heissig 1971: 182.). It belongs to an ancient astrological system, known as jianchu

(after the first two terms in the cycle) that dates to at least the Western Han (Allred 2002: 65,

n. 136). The term lord of the day (Mong. edr-n een) refers to the day of the week in

Chinese as well as in Greek and Sanskrit (Burgess 1859: 175-176). Chinese qizheng/chi-

cheng seven rulers of the times and seasons (Mathews 7305.16) is also used in reference

to the seven day week. As with the seven planets that comprise the days of the week, the

twelve lords of the day are deified, and, as such, are listed in the Manchu pentaglot dictionary

under the Manchu heading Enduri i hacin (kinds of deities [Pentaglot, 997]). The manual

gives a transcription of the Chinese terms: jan, uu, man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], p, i, eng,

iu, ke, bi; their Mongolian translation: ejilegi, aril(a(i, dgrgi, tbsidkegi, to(ta(i,

saki(i, ebdegi, tigi [=tgigi], btgi, quriya(i, negegi, qa(a(i, and then the

combination of the two: an eilegi edr, etc. This combination is similar in form to that

278
INTRODUCTION

of the calendar terms a baras sara, etc. (7v), and, as with the calendar terms, this synthesis

of Chinese and Mongolian forms is also found in the Uygur Turfan documents. Four of the

twelve lords of the day return in the manual under the topic a good day to set out on a

journey (mr (arqu edrn sayin [48v]).68

IV.28 The Twelve Lords/Arban Qoyar Een

Manual Uygur Chinese English

an eilegi kin turmaq jian/chien The One Who
(Mathews 853)] Dominates
uu aril(a(i [uu . . . .] qu/chu (Mathews The One Who
1391) Eradicates
man dgrgi [ma]n tolmaq man (Mathews The One Who Fills
4326)
ping tbidkegi pi tz qoy(u ping/ping The One Who
(Mathews 5303) Levels
ding to(ta(i [ti] ornanmaq ding/ting (Mathews The One Who
6393) Stabilizes
gi saki(i ip t[ut]maq zhi/chih (Mathews The One Who
996) Guards
p ebdegi pa buzulmaq Ch. po/po The One Who
(Mathews 5344) Destroys
i t[g]igi kuu alp yol wei (Mathews The One Who
7056) Trembles

68
See MMAD, 21, n. 61; Pentaglot, 17428-17440, pp. 997-998. For these twelve lords
in Uygur sources, cf. Rachmati 1972: #11, p. 308 and Bazin 1991: 287-288.

279
INTRODUCTION

eng btgi q[. .]ma(u ol cheng/cheng The One Who

(Mathews 379) Accomplishes
iu quryiya(i iu qoy(u shou (Mathews The One Who
5837) Assembles
ke negegi [q]ai almaq kai/kai (Mathews The One Who
3204) Opens
bi qa(a(i [pii . . . . lm [. . .] bi/pi (Mathews The One Who
5092) Closes

The Month

As might be expected in a luni-solar calendric system, the manual pays special

attention to the reckoning of the cycle of the moon with that of the sun in the making of the

calendar. The sixty term cycle of the ten heavenly stems and the twelve animals, usually

expressed in years and days, is given in the manual in terms of months and hours. Months

are comprised of either thirty days or of no more than twenty-nine days. A number of

different terms are used to designate this: the former are variously referred to as yeke sara

(great month) and er-e sara (masculine month), while the latter are ba(-a sara (small

month), ken sar-a (small month), em-e sara (feminine month), and okin sara (maiden

month). Large and small months alternate. Of the small months, for some it is the thirtieth

day that is missing. For others it is the fifteenth day. This too alternates, as follows (3v):

IV.29 The Large and Small Months

280
INTRODUCTION

# Large Month Small Month

Minus Thirtieth Minus Fifteenth
1. Tiger
2. Hare
3. Dragon
4. Snake
5. Horse
6. Ram
7. Monkey
8. Cock
9. Dog
10. Pig
11. Rat
12. Ox

The first ten days of the month are referred to as in-e (new), while the final ten days of the

month are qa(uin (cf. also Rybatzki 2003: 270-271; Kara 1994: 201). The first month of

a particular season is referred to either as terign sara or ekin sara. In the calendar the

second month ends on Tuesday, 'al odun, but then instead of Wednesday, Usun odun, the

third month begins again on Tuesday, 'al odun (8v and 9v). It is the same for the sixth and

seventh months; again the sixth month ends on Tuesday, while the seventh month begins on

Tuesday (13v and 14v), and so on for the tenth and eleventh months (17v and 18v). This

gives a distinct four month pattern such that every fifth month begins on Saturday, Siroi

281
INTRODUCTION

odun. The manual mentions in the introduction that this is a Chinese custom, [The

calendar] was composed according to the Chinese custom of beginning the Tiger, Horse and

Dog months on a Saturday (Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki terigten

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai), 2v.

In the calendar months are given in three different ways, according to 1. the season,

e.g., the First Month of Spring; 2. the twelve animals, e.g., the Tiger Month; and 3. the

Mongolian system, which contains two systems: a) season and animal terms; and b) ordinal

numbers. Furthermore, each month is given according to five different mathematical

systems: 1. Indian Klacakra; 2. Chinese Peasant; 3. Chinese Mathematical; 4. Tibetan; 5.

Mongolian. This is represented in the manual as follows:

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Burvabadaribad month, the

First Month of Autumn. For the peasants it is the Final Month of Autumn.
For the astrologers of black China it is the Middle Month of Autumn. In
Tibet it is the Rooster Month. In Mongolia it is the Eighth Month. (15r)

The custom of identifying the month in composite fashion according to the designation of

the season in different customs began during the Qing (Elverskog 2005: 161).69 The forms

given in the manual are as follows:

IV.30 The Months

69
For other examples of this type of designation of the month see Ligeti 1933: 62;
Bese 1972: 149-173.

282
INTRODUCTION

Klacakra Peasant Black Chinese Tibetan Mongolian

Mathematics
Ebl-n es Qabur-un Qabur-un Baras sara Qubi sara/
Mig sara (Mig, dumdadu sara terign sara (Tiger month) Nigen sara
the final month (the middle (the first (the first
of winter) month of month of month)
spring) spring)

Qabur-un Qabur-un es Qabur-un Taulai sara Qoyar sara

terign sara (the final dumdadu sara (Hare month) (the second
Udaribalguni month of (the middle month)
sara spring) month of
(Udaribalguni, spring)
the first month
of spring)

Qabur-un un-u terign Qabur-un es Luu sara 'urban sara

dumdadu sara (the first sara (the final (Dragon (The third
Jayitari month of month of month) month)
sara (Jayitari, summer) spring)
the middle
month of
spring)
Qabur-un es un-u dumdadu un-u terign Mo(ai sar-a Drben sar-a
ua( sara sara (the sara (the first (Snake month) (the fourth
(ua(, the middle month month of month)
final month of of summer) summer)
spring)
un-u terign un-u es un-u dumdadu Morin sara Tabun sara
ista sar-a sara (the final sara (the (Horse month) (the fifth
(ista, the first month of middle month month)
month of summer) of summer)
summer)

283
INTRODUCTION

un-u dumdadu Namur-un un-u es Qonin sara ir(u(an sara

[Burvasad] terign sara sara (the final (Ram month) (the sixth
sar-a (the first month of month)
([Burvasad], month of summer)
the middle autumn)
month of
summer)
un-u es Namur-un Namur-un Bein sar-a Dolo(an sar-a
Abiji sara dumdadu sara terign sara (Monkey (the seventh
(Abiji, the final (the middle (the first month) month)
month of month of month of
summer) autumn) autumn)
Namur-un Namur-un es Namur-un Takiy-a sara Naiman sara
terign sara (the final dumdadu sara (Cock month) (the eighth
Burvabadari- month of (the middle month)
bad sara autumn) month of
(Burvabadari- autumn)
bad, the first
month of
autumn)
Namur-un Ebl-n Namur-un es Noqai sara Isn sara (the
dumdadu terign sara sara (the final (Dog month) ninth month)
Aivani sara (the first month of
(Aivani, the month of autumn)
middle month winter)
of autumn)
Namur-un es Ebl-n Ebl-n 'aqai sar-a [Arban sara]
Kerteg dumdadu sara terign sara (Pig month) (the tenth
sar-a (Kerteg, (the middle (the first month)
the final month month of month of
of autumn) winter) winter)
Ebl-n Ebl-n es Ebl-n Qulu(an-a Arban nigen
terign sara (the final dumdadu sara sar-a (Rat sar-a (the
Margiar month of (the middle month) eleventh
sar-a winter) month of month)
(Margiar, the winter)
first month of
winter)

284
INTRODUCTION

Ebl-n Qabur-un Ebl-n es ker sar-a (Ox Kgeler-n

dumdadu terign sara sara (the final month) sara/Arban
Bus sar-a (Bus, (the first month of qoyar sara
the middle month of winter) (The twelfth
month of spring) month)
winter)

The Mongolian names within this greater designation are interesting in and of

themselves. They too show a synthesis of elements. From the second through the eleventh

months of the yearly series, the names of the Mongolian months are ordinal numbers, Second

month, Third month, etc. This is a common designation for the months. It is used by the

Chinese and among peoples of Central Asia. It was also used by the Babylonians in

Mesopotamia. However, the first and last months of the year have distinctly Mongolian

names, qubi sara and kgeler sara respectively. The independent designation of the 1st and

12th months is in Uygur also (Kara 1979: 194). This designation of the month according to

ordinal numbers was introduced into Buddhist systems by 'Phags-pa lama, Qubilai's advisor

in 1268 (Schuh 1973: 6-7). Interestingly, the early Greco-Roman calendar had ten lunar

months designated by ordinal numbers. The first two months were originally not included

in the calendar. The earliest Roman year, that of Romulus, had ten lunar months,

associated with the period of human gestation just as is found in Chinese and Middle

Mongolian sources (Macey 1989: 29; Rybatzki 2003: 260), so it is quite likely that the

ordinal month numbers in the Mongolian calendar mark the lunar cycle within the solar

year. The only technology in the manual that can be said to be of Mongolian origin, this

system of ordinal numbers is known in Tibetan as hor-zla (the Mongolian month). As the

285
INTRODUCTION

Tibetan term hor refers to both Mongols and Uygurs, the meaning of hor-zla is often

confused. This is exacerbated by the fact that the Mongolian system is borrowed directly

from the Uygur. Nonetheless, the origin of the term hor-zla comes specifically at this time.

This designation of the month was used throughout the Mongol Empire (Melville 1994: 84).

As for the names of the first and last months, these terms derive from a unique

Mongolian series, which Mostaert cites in full from the 9th series of the Long wei bi shu,

found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap. IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (Mostaert 1937:

131-132, n. 2). They are included in this study for the sake of further disseminating this

arcane series:

IV.31 The Ancient Mongolian Months

Mongolian English
1. qubi sara portion or destiny moon
2. quir sara soda moon
3. gelin sara hoopoe moon
4. kkei/ kkege/ kkge sara cuckoo moon
5. ularu sara snowcock moon
6. ?r sara ?crow moon
7. (uran sara roebuck moon
8. bu(u sara stag moon
9. qua sara ram moon
10. ? ?
11. itelg sara falcon moon

286
INTRODUCTION

12. kgeler sara ?

Apart from qubi and kgeler sara other terms from this list are included separately in either

the ordinal number or twelve animal systems. The term for the second, quir sara, is found

in the popular Ordos calendar and in the birch bark collections from Xarbuxyn Balgas (Bazin

1991: 393; Choido 2000: 212). The seventh month, (uran sara, is mentioned in The Secret

History of the Mongols (Supplement II, II f. 58 recto). Cerensodnom and Taube refer to the

Secret History reference as well in Die Mongolica der Berliner Turfansammlung (1993:

147); however, here they refer to it as quran sara (rain moon). As for the twelfth month,

Louis Bazin gives an etymology of kgeler sara as the Month of Mating. However, G. Kara

states that this etymology (< Old Turkish kgler, plur., to kg) has phonetic difficulties (Kara

1979: 194, note 23).70

Intercalary month

Because the cycles of the sun and moon are incommensurate, an intercalary method

is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of both. In terms of the solar cycle, the

calendar must consistently represent the seasons, that is the equinoxes and solstices. These

70
Cf. also Kara 1994: 201-206; 1973: 94-96; Ligeti 1933: 45, where this series of
terms is cited for the first time; the term sara in Karas study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu (1990:
321); and Rybatzkis discussion of the names of the months in Middle Mongolian (2003:
263-266). For the series given here, cf. Mostaerts Textes oraux ordos (1937: 131-132, note
2).

287
INTRODUCTION

must fall in the middle of the middle month of the season, the vernal equinox coming in the

middle of the Dragon month, the summer solstice in the Ram month, the autumnal equinox

in the Dog month, and the winter solstice in the Ox month. In terms of the lunar cycle, the

calendar must consistently represent the new moon (at the beginning of each month) and the

full moon (in the middle of the month). In this because it is the lunar cycle with

approximately 354 days per lunar year that falls behind the solar cycle, approximately 365

days per year, the preferred method was to insert an intercalary month (saban sara).71 In

China the model for doing this was according to the observation that 235 synodic months

correspond to 19 solar years. Thus, as one lunar month lasts just over 29.5 days, in order not

to lose the integrity of the day, the lunar year is made up of and five to seven months of 30

days, and five to seven months of 29 days. This gives 354 days on average although some

years have 7 small months and 5 big months, and so on. Each lunar year, therefore, falls

short of the solar year by 10, 11, or 12 days. After three years of falling short, there are

enough of these extra days to make another full month. It is inserted after the month which

corresponds with the number of the year. Thus, over the nineteen year period, seven years

have an intercalary month (Palmer 1986: 64-66; Cullen 1996: 22-23). This nineteen year

cycle was already known and used in Babylonian calendars beginning in the 5th Cent. B.C.

In Western astronomy it is known as the Metonic cycle, after Meton, who tried,

71
The form saban is not a common term for the intercalary month, which is usually
expressed by the attribute ileg extra. In preclassical sources the form n < Uy. n <
Ch. run extra is also attested (Rybatzki 2003: 260-261; Kara 1994: 201).

288
INTRODUCTION

unsuccessfully, to introduce it into Greek calendar reckoning.72 In the classical Tibetan

system, the observation is that 67 synodic months correspond to 65 solar months, and so over

the course of 65 solar years 24 synodic months are intercalary (Schuh 1973: 4-5).

While these are general parameters for understanding the intercalary month, the

precise method of intercalation involves other factors, which make the system complex and

ultimately subjective or arbitrary, but without which the efficacy of predictions are lost. As

the manual says, If one . . . continues to count without knowing which days to drop or the

intercalary month, then the good and bad results will not be accomplished (4r). These

factors pertain to the days which are cut from the calendar (qono( tasura-) and the method

of inserting the intercalary month (saban sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a).

In the manual a number of different intercalary methods are mentioned. One method

attributed to the Klacakra and Ngrjuna is that in a year of twelve months, while six

masculine months have 30 days, six feminine months have no more than twenty-nine days.

Thus, six days are dropped. Then, at the respective solstices, two days are dropped. Adding

these together makes ten days cut from the calendar each year. In three years they will make

an intercalary month (3r).

Also in the Klacakra, the method concerning the custom of dropping six days is

further refined according to the tenets of the Abhidharma (Mong. abidarma; Tib. chos

72
Cf. Neugebauer 1951: 7. Neugebauer explains that up to 480 B.C. intercalations
of lunar calendars show no regularity. The 19 year seven intercalary cycle not only settled
the problem, but also seems to be an important step preceding later astrological methods.
In this period (c. 450 B.C.) probably falls the invention of the zodiac (Neugebauer 1951: 97).

289
INTRODUCTION

mngon pa),73 which states that of those months with no more that 29 days, days should be

dropped alternately from the end of the month, the 30th, and from the middle of the month,

the 15th (3r-3v).

Another intercalary method is cited for those who uphold the custom of Vinaya

disciplinary regulations of the lamas and the general tenets for counting the days by

clepsydra. According to that system there will be an intercalary month after the lustrum

(tabun il), that is, after five solar years of 366 days. In this time the sun and moon have

completed a nearly whole number of sidereal revolutions, the former 5, the latter 67. Over

that period they have come into conjunction 62 times, for which reason a lustrum comprises

62 synodic months, each reckoned at 29 16/31 solar days but artificially divided into 30 lunar

days (Vogel 1964: 232-233).74

Returning to the previously stated method, regarding the six months in which days

are dropped, in the tenets of Ngrjuna these days are dropped according to a sign which

indicates whether a day be dropped from the last part of the month instead of from the first.

That sign is as follows, if by looking with one eye, the external lunar mansion of this day

73
Name of the third section of the Buddhist basic scriptures, constituting a
systematization of Buddhist doctrine. Cf. Lessing, 1159.
74
D. Schuh states that the Vinaya calendar had a 32 month intercalary period that
was used for internal church affairs, so perhaps the translation of lustrum for tabun il
incorrect. The Vinaya calendar is used for internal church matters in modern times in Se-ra,
whereas in dGa-ldun and Bras-spungs only skar-rtsis calendar is used. There is no
evidence that such calendars were used to record dates of historical events (Schuh 1973: 8-
9);

290
INTRODUCTION

has passed in front of the moon, it is the external nakshatra of the next day, and it is this day

which should be dropped (3v).

As for dropping four days during the solstices, two days are dropped at each solstice

because (when there is no clear day to drop otherwise) the sun resides in the same place for

three days at each solstice, the day it declines (nara ba(uqu edr), the day the sun stops

(nara bayiqu edr) and the day it returns (nara urbaqu edr). Thus, as the nakshatra star

is the same each day, two days may be dropped (3v-4r). Ngrjuna modified this by stating

that two days should be dropped at the vernal equinox in the Rat year, at the summer solstice

in the Hare year, at the autumnal equinox in the Horse year, and at the autumnal equinox in

the Cock year. Also, two days should be cut from the intercalary month as well (4r).

In summary the manual states that:

[I]f one studies these methods for counting [which days to drop] and tries to
bring them all under one system, one must be careful not to drop days in only
one direction. Some months one will drop a day from the initial fifteen days.
Other months one will drop a day from the latter fifteen days. (4r)

Another stipulation for an intercalary month is that, as there are thirty days in a

calendrical month, if there are two moons [in the period of a thirty day month] one will be

an intercalary month (5v).

A third intercalary method is as follows: Assuming that three hundred sixty-six days

make one year, then six days are left over. Also, if one calculates making the twelve months

into six big months and six small months, then six more days remain. This makes 12 days

per year, 36 days in three years. Thus, if one makes 30 of these days into an intercalary

month, six days will be left over. These remaining six days are joined with the 24 days of

291
INTRODUCTION

the following two years to make another intercalary month. In this way intercalary months

fall alternately after three years and then after two years (6v).

Finally, as for the method to insert an intercalary month, the manual states that one

must count back 47 years, exclusive of the present year. If there is an intercalary month in

that year, the intercalary month of the present year should be inserted after the intercalary

month of that year. If there is no intercalary month in the 47th year, then one must judge as

follows: if there is no change of season in the latter fifteen days of the month in question,

then that month is an intercalary month. In this case the year begins with an intercalary

month. If, on the other hand, there is a change of season, then there is no intercalary month.

This is known as a contrary year (Mong. qari il [6v-7r]).

The Years

The year is defined according to Chinese tradition from winter solstice to winter

solstice according to the shadow length of a gnomon, which is at its longest at noon on the

winter solstice and disappears at noon on the summer solstice (6r). This is the tropical year

of 360 days. This gnomon measurement is known to have existed in antiquity not only in

China, but in India and Mesopotamia as well (Pingree 1998: 128b; Falk 2000: 108). The

period of the sidereal year, somewhat longer because of the effect of the earths precession,

is, as already mentioned, given at 366 days (6v). The lunar year of 354 days is referred to

as a small year (ken il [33r]). An obstacle or contrary year (qari il) is defined

above in relation to the intercalary month. It is commonly found in Chinese almanacs

292
INTRODUCTION

signified in the picture on the cover which gives subtle indications of the characteristics of

the year to come (Smith, Richard1992: 20-21; DO, 297a). There are two designations for

the year, on and il (Rybatzki 2003: 256-257). The term on marks a period of one years

duration.75 Contrast this with il which marks the year by its moment of inception. Thus, in

terms of counting, whereas il marks the sequence of time inclusively, on marks it

exclusively.

New Year

From the time of the Mongol Empire until the present day, the Mongols have

celebrated the coming of the New Year with a festival known as a(an sar-a (the white

month). Marco Polo describes the celebration at the court of Qubilai saying the Khaan and

all his subjects dress in the auspicious color white so that all may prosper in the coming year.

It was also customary to present the emperor with white horses and other gifts in the

fortunate number nine times nine or 81 (Polo, vol. 1, 1929: 390-393). In modern times, as

New Years day is reckoned somewhat differently in the Chinese and Mongolian calendars

the holiday tends to begin on separate days in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Also its

practice in these places has been variously influenced by the governments (Atwood 2004:

584-587).

75
This term is likely related to Kitan po season, Jurchen pon/fon, Manchu fon time,
season, marks a period of one years duration (Kara 1994: 201).

293
INTRODUCTION

In the manual New Year is referred to with a verbal stem, inele- to make new,

i.e., to celebrate the New Year or more completely as il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr inele- to

celebrate the beginning of the coming year (3r). The manual enumerates three different

occasions for celebrating New Year according to three different traditions, as follows:

As for designating the beginning of the New Year, in keeping with the
Klacakra, making the first of the year the Citr month, which comes in the
middle of spring, it will be celebrated when the leaves, which have since
fallen, begin to reappear. In keeping with the custom of the tantras of
Vajrad}~kin and Cakrasamvara it will be celebrated on the sixteenth day of
the Mr}gair~ month when the winter sun descends. [And] it will be
celebrated after the Pus}ya month of the Chinese mathematicians has left this
land (China) and the dust has settled, making the Magh~ month the first
month of spring. (3r)

Of these three systems the one favored in the manual, the first month listed in the calendar,

is the method of the Chinese. The name of the month is given in the manual as follows:

According to the Klacakrists of India this is the Magh month, the final
month of winter. For the peasants it is the middle month of spring. For the
mathematicians of black China it is the first month of spring. In Tibet it is
the Tiger month. In Mongolia it is known as the first month. (8r)

This came about under Qubilai khan through his Imperial Preceptor, Phags-pa lama, who

established the first month of the Wood Mouse Year, 1264, as the epoch. However, while

New Year was fixed at the beginning of the Magh month instead of at the Citr as is

followed in India, the name of the month according to the twelve animals would retain its

order. Hence instead of the Rat, the first month of the year became the Tiger (Schuh 1973:

5).

294
INTRODUCTION

The Hours

The Mongolian term a( refers both to hour and time in their dovetailing senses

as instant and duration. The term, (urban a( the three times, means the past, present, and

future (Lessing, 369). In the phrase naran ur(uqui a( (the hour of sunrise) a( refers to

time as instant or occasion. As a unit of time measurement a( indicates duration when the

method is a clock, the instant when the method is the gnomon. When measured by a gnomon

or sundial, the hour is variable. As there is no season, place or time of day when its duration

is the same, the hour as measured by a gnomon is totally incommensurate with the hour as

measured by a clock. Today it is common to conceive of the hour in terms of duration, but

in the manual, as in the ancient world in general, the hour was understood as variable.76 In

the manual there are twelve hours (a() in a day. This is based on Chinese tradition, the 12

Double-Hour System in which the day was reckoned from midnight to midnight, that is, half

way through the first double-hour which begins at 11:00 p.m. (Wilkinson, 213). The first

extant enumeration of the 12 periods of the day is found in two popular almanacs dating from

about 217 B.C. The almanacs were used for determining the lucky and unlucky times for

various actions (Wilkinson, 213). The twelve hour day is found much earlier in ancient

Mesopotamia (Thompson 1900: xix; Neugebauer 1951: 81; Rochberg 1998: 35-38). The

twenty-four hour day, as is common in the West, is said to have been an invention of the

76
In Chaucers time, for instance, the hour was still conceived as variable (Macey
1989: xi).

295
INTRODUCTION

Egyptians (Neugebauer 1951: 162-163). In the calendar matrix described above, the day

begins with the Ding-taulai (Ding-hare) hour (7v). Otherwise, the day begins in the Rat hour

with midnight (sni dli) falling in the very middle of the period, in keeping with the

Chinese custom (6v). Vogel, in his article on Tibetan chronology states incorrectly that in

Tibetan reckoning the hours proceed from the Rat hour 0-2 a.m., 2-4 a.m., etc. (Vogel 1964:

231). Rather, hours are reckoned in Tibet as they are in China (TEDP 89).

IV.32 The Twelve Hours

Manual Name Hour

Qulu(an-a a( Rat hour 11 p.m. 1 a.m.
ker a( Ox hour 1 a.m. 3 a.m.
Baras a( Tiger hour 3 a.m. 5 a.m.
Taulai a( Hare hour 5 a.m. 7 a.m.
Luu a( Dragon hour 7 a.m. 9 a.m.
Mo(ai a( Snake hour 9 a.m. 11 a.m.
Morin a( Horse hour 11 a.m. 1 p.m.
Qonin a( Ram hour 1 p.m. 3 p.m.
Bein a( Monkey hour 3 p.m. 5 p.m.
Takiy-a a( Cock hour 5 p.m. 7 p.m.
Noqai a( Dog hour 7 p.m. 9 p.m.
'aqai a( Pig hour 9 p.m. 11 p.m.

296
INTRODUCTION

The Kalpa

The kalpa is well known to be of Indian origin. Lesser known, however, is its affinity

with the numerology of ancient Mesopotamia. In Indian mathematics the kalpa equals

4,320,000,000 years. In this it comprises 1000 great ages (mayyuga) each of 4,320,000

years. Each mayyuga contains four smaller yuga in ratios to each other of 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1.

The last yuga, the kaliyuga, is 1/10 mayyuga or 432,000 years. This is a Babylonian

number, the span of time given to the Babylonian kingdom before the Great Flood (Pingree

1963: 238-240). This number, 432,000 years, is made up of 10,800(4); 10,800 equals

108(100); 108 is a common numerological term.77

Two classifications of the kalpa or eon (Mong. galab) are mentioned in the manual.

In the interrogative section in which the celestial maiden, Vima, describes the cosmos, three

kalpa are mentioned. These are the kalpa of the past, present and future, but named by three

of the four elements, the kalpa of fire ((al-un galab), kalpa of water (usun-u galab), and the

kalpa of air (key-yin galab) (33r). The second reference to the kalpa comes in the term, the

four times (drben a(), these refer to the four kalpas, kalpa of formation, continuance,

decline and disintegration (DBT 118). These, as the twelve sitn barildaqui, are derived

from the horoscope (38v, 59v).

IV.33 The Three Kalpa

77
While David Pingree concludes this to be a distinctly Mesopotamian influence on
India, Harry Falk accuses him of not being aware of the impact of sexagesimal counting in
Indian thought (2000: 110, n. 2).

297
INTRODUCTION

Manual English
1. (al-un galab the kalpa of fire
2. usun(-u) galab the kalpa of water
3. key-yin galab the kalpa of air

Units of Time Measurement

Three systems of time measurement are given in the manual. Two are of Indian

origin, the other is Chinese.

IV.34 Time Reckoning Systems

IV.34a System A

This division is based on an Indian system, the ordinary Puranic division of the day (Burgess

1859: 149). Here the principle unit is the muhrta (Mong. qubi). This unit is shown by H.

Jacobi to be based on a natural phenomenon (1920: 248). Assuming a month of 30 days, the

subdivision of the day into 30 parts, each 48 minutes long marks the time the moon loses

each day to the rising or setting time of the sun until both unite again after one month. As

H. Falk shows, The difference in muhrtas expressed in cardinal numbers defines the day

of the month in ordinal numbers. Vice versa, the date of the day allows [one] to judge at

what time the moon will rise or set (Falk 2000: 113).

298
INTRODUCTION
basa a(-un il(al-<y>i medesgei
kemebes nigen gan-aa ekile edr
sni sar-a il bol(au to(alaqui inu eng
terign gan kiged nige da(un kemek
qoyar il buyu. eng terign gan
kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san
sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi
buyu. tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen
da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin] tula. nigen
da(un (arumui. tegber iran da(un
nigen me. (uin mi nigen qubi (uin
qubi nigen qono(. (uin qono( nigen sar-
a. arban qoyar sar-a nigen il. tegn-ee
qolidqau ligsen-i [=legsen-i] saban
sara bolumui (5r)
1 gan = the time of an arrow shot by a
marksman to pierce a leaf = 1 da(un
60 da(un = 1 me
30 me = 1 qubi
30 qubi = qono(
30 qono( = 1 sar-a
12 sar-a = il
IV.34b System B
System B is derived from an Indian system commonly used in Indian astronomical texts. It
is different from the ordinary Puranic division of the day (Burgess 1859: 149). In this system
Hindu astronomers reckon mean time from mean sunrise on the principal meridian which
Also, if one would like to know how to
count the variations of time, then there are
two items, known as the very first
moment (ksana) and the single sound
(da(un), by which to reckon [time]
beginning from a single moment (ksana),
and making the day, night, month and
year. As for the very first moment
(ksana), it equals the time it takes an
arrow that is shot by a marksman [to
pierce] a leaf. Because the sound that is
emitted with this is equal to the length of
the act itself, one sound (da(un) is made.
Thus, sixty da(un equal one me
(branch); thirty me equal one qubi
(share); thirty qubi equal one day; thirty
days equal one month; and twelve months
equal one year. What remains after
joining these [units of time] becomes the
intercalary month.
gan = the time of an arrow shot by a
marksman to pierce a leaf = 1 da(un.
da(un =1.6 seconds
me = 1.6 minutes or 96 seconds (S.
kal)
qubi = 48 minutes (S. muhrta)
qono( = 24 hours
sar-a = 1 month
il = 1 year
299
INTRODUCTION

passes through an imaginary spot on the Equator called Lanka and the city of Ujjain. The

divisions of the day are as follows:

1 day or doin = 60 ghat}ikas (24 hours);

1 ghat}ika = 60 palas (24 minutes)

1 pala = 60 vipalas (24 seconds)

1 vipala = 60 vipratipalas, etc.

In other words: 2 ghat}ikas = 1 hour; 2 palas = 1 minute; 2 vipalas = 1 second

(Richmond 1956: 82-83). The ghat}ika is also known as the nad and the dan}d}a; the pala is

also known as the vind and the nlik (Burgess 1859: 149). Here the pala, at 24 minutes

is half the period of the muhrta because as the lunation consists of both the waxing and

waning of the moon and the day of both day and night, the muhrta was divided into two

(Falk 2000: 113). This system is found in the Klacakara (KOT 67; Newman 1987: 519-

520). It is described in the manual is as follows:

300
INTRODUCTION

basa dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebes Also, as for measuring by the dusul

bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin
a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un iran
bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui. tere
kemebes tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui-
lu(-a sau(uu bolumui. qoyar amisqaqui
anu qubi bolumui. qubi to(alaqui-dur
ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen me iran
mi nigen qubi nigen qubi-dur nigen
dusul qoyar qubi nigen tediken
kememi. iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono(
bolumui. (uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a
bolumui (5r-5v)
360 bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin
a(uraki = 1 dusul = 1 tngri-nern
amisqaqui
2 (tngri-nern) amisqaqui = 1 (tediken)
qubi
6 (bertegin arad-un) amisqaqui = 1 me
60 mi = 1 qubi
1 qubi = 1 dusul
2 qubi = 1 tediken (qubi)
60 qubi = qono(
30 qono( = 1 sar-a
(drop), if one counts the interval between
the breaths of an ignorant commoner,
three hundred sixty of these [5v] make a
dusul. This is equal to a single breath of
the gods. Two breaths equal one qubi.
When counting a qubi, it is said that in
one me there are six breaths; there are
sixty me in one qubi; in one qubi there
is one dusul two qubi is as much as one
of the common [qubi]. Sixty qubi make
one day; thirty days make one month. If
there are two moons [in the period of a
thirty day month] one will be an
intercalary month.
bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin
a(uraki (the duration of the breath of an
ignorant commoner) = 4 seconds (S.
prna);
tngri-nern amisqaqui (the breath of the
gods) = 24 minutes;
me = 24 seconds (S. vind);
dusul = 24 minutes;
(tediken) qubi = 48 minutes;
qubi = 24 minutes (S. nd);
qono( = 24 hours;
sar-a = 30 days.

IV.34c System C

This is the Chinese baike system (Mong. a(un me), based on the clepsydra (Wilkinson

1998: 203-205). By the time of the manual, this system was no longer in use in China. The

government abandoned the 100-ke system in 1670 in favor of the Western 24-hour system

introduced into China by Matteo Ricci (1552-1610 [Wilkinson 1998: 222]).

301
INTRODUCTION

basa nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an
to(alaquy-yin yosun inu nigen edr qoyar
sni-dr a(un mi buyu. egni arban
qoyar a(tur qubiyau amui. nigen a(tur
naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu
bui. arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui.
arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui.
tegber tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur
a(-i quriyau amui 6r
1 qono( = 100 mi
100 mi = 12 a(
1 a( = 8 me, 4 qubi, 3 adqu
10 qubi = 1 mi
10 adqu = 1 qubi
Also, as for the system of calculating by
making the day one hundred me, in one
day and two nights there are one hundred
me. These are divided into twelve
hours. In one hour there are eight me,
four qubi and three adqu (handful). Ten
qubi make one me. Ten adqu make one
qubi. By this means, the twenty-four
breaths and joints of the sky and land are
divided up.
adqu = 8.64 seconds
qubi = 86.4 seconds
mi = 14 minutes 24 seconds (Ch. ke/ke
(Mathews 3322.b)
a( = 2 hours
qono( = 24 hours

For a comparison of the Tibetan terminology, see the passages below, one from Rechung

Rinpoche Jampal Kunzangs book on Tibetan medicine and another from C. Vogels study

of Tibetan chronology:

The smallest conceivable division of time is the 120th part of one moment or
skad-chig-ma (time required for the sound of snapping ones fingers); sixty
such skad-chig-ma or moments make one thang; thirty thang make one yud-
tsam (a small portion of time stated to vary from eight seconds to one and a
half minutes); thirty yud-tsam make a day and a night, or one nyin-shag (if
one nyin-shag equals twenty-four hours, then one yud-tsam equals forty-eight
minutes, and one thang is one minute and thirty-six seconds, and one skad-
chig-ma is one and three-fifths of a second); thirty nyin-shag make one month
or zla-ba; two zla-ba make a season, and six seasons make a year. (Rechung
1973: 56)

The day is comprised of twelve double-hours; 0-2 am = midnight, mouse

hour, etc. [11pm -1am = midnight, mouse hour, etc.]; one double hour falls
into five water-clock hours (chu-tsod) of 24 minutes, one water-clock hour
is divided into 60 water-clock minutes of 24 seconds, one water-clock minute

302
INTRODUCTION

is divided into 60 breaths (dbugs) of 24 thirds, and one breath into 60

particles of 24 fourths; or, the smallest unit of time is called either a moment,
a twinkle, or a snap of the fingers. (Vogel 1964: 225-238)

Finally, worth comparing are the units of time of ancient Mesopotamia, as follows:

1 gar = 4 seconds

60 gar = 1 u (4 minutes)

20 u = 1 mana (80 minutes (1 1/3 hours))

30 u = 1 bru (2 hours)

12 bru = 1 day

(Rochberg 1998: 38). The DANNA (bru) double hour( = 30 U or 120 minutes) were, of

course, seasonal hours, twelve divisions of the day whose number remain fixed but whose

lengths depend on the time of the year and on geographical latitude (Neugebauer 1951: 81;

Rochberg 1998: 6).

The Seasons

Seasons are indicative of yearly climate. As climate varies from place to place, they

are conventional. In ancient Egypt there were three seasons of four months: 1. Inundation,

2. Emergence, 3. Dryness. The celestial phenomenon upon which they are based was the

rising of the star, Sirius, the sign of the flooding of the Nile (Neugebauer 1975: 559). In

India, the monsoon governs the seasons. The Vedanga Jyotisha gives six seasons, each two

months long, associated with cold, heat, spring, autumn and the monsoon (Stone 1981: 13;

Brennand 1896: 68). These have been adopted in Tibet as well, although the climate there

303
INTRODUCTION

is much different (Rechung 1973: 55). In China, in keeping with the cosmology of the five

elements, a fifth season is derived from adding the last month of summer to the traditional

four seasons (Sun 1997: 104). However, seasons are not merely weather terms. The four

seasons, as we know them and as they are known in China, Tibet, India and throughout the

world, are no sham, but true or apparent and defined by four points, the summer and winter

solstices and the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, marking the suns path along the celestial

equator over the course of the year, the corresponding length of day and night, and the

fluctuation of the climate. Through this relationship between the weather on the earth and

the position of the sun, the seasons, both in the West and in the East, became an integral part

of the voluminous concept of the harmony of the spheres, under the rubric of which,

weather was linked to the notes of the musical scale, elements, colors, directions and so on,

and became of special significance in medicine.78 The fundamental need the seasons serve,

however, is agricultural. The rising of Sirius, sign of the season of inundation, marked the

time of planting in ancient Egypt (Neugebauer 1951: 82). For the ancient Babylonians there

were two seasons, planting and harvesting (Richards 1998: 147). The Chinese solar calendar

is known as the peasant calendar. Devised for agriculture, it divides the tropical year into

twenty-four seasons, the joints and breaths (ershisi jieqi). The cycle begins when the sun

enters Aquarius (M. Qumqan-u ger), around the end of January or the beginning of February.

78
Compare, for instance, the first seven chapters of the Hippocratic treatise On the
Nature of Man with Rechung Rinpoche Jampal Kunzangs translation of the biography of
the Elder gYu-thog Yon-tan mGon-po, court physician of King Khri-srong-lde-bstan (8th
century AD [Rechung, 1973: 55-56]).

304
INTRODUCTION

The next term falls when the sun enters the fifteenth degree of the zodiac sign, and so on

throughout the year. These twenty-four terms bear names which predict the conditions of the

season and the times of sunrise and sunset. Lichun (M. lii un), The Beginning of Spring,

starts at 7:01 a.m. and ends at 6:14 p.m. Yshui (M. yuu sui), Constant Rain, starts at 6:53

a.m., ends at 6:22 p.m., and so on. Because of the climate it describes, it is believed to have

been developed in northern China, the ancient homeland of the Han people (Palmer 1986:

64-66).

In China and other parts of the ancient world, in Egypt and Mesopotamia, a simple

vertical pole, the gnomon, was used to determine the seasons of the year according to the

length of the shadow that it cast (Sayili 1960: 346). From ancient times in both China and

Mesopotamia, the seasons were also known according to the sidereal division of the

nighttime sky into four quadrants. In ancient Babylon these were: 1. the Bull of spring; 2.

the Lamp of summer; 3. the Scorpion of autumn; and 4. the Turtle of winter (Lindsay 1971:

53). In China: 1. the Blue Dragon of spring; 2. the Red Bird of Summer; 3. the White Tiger

of autumn; and the Black Turtle of winter (Needham 1959: 242; Sun and Kistmaker

1997:113-119). The distinction between tropical and sidereal seasons is significant in that

due to the precession of the earth, over time the rising of a star, for example, Sirius, will no

longer correspond to its season on earth, that is, the flooding of the Nile. However, although,

the tropical year varies from year to year by twenty minutes or so due to the effect of

nutation, the wobbling of the earth upon its axis, and weather patterns change over time, the

seasons are nonetheless intrinsically linked with the solar year. This is likely the distinction

305
INTRODUCTION

made in the manuals passage, the sun and moon will lose their way in times of calamity,

but the weather of the years, months and quarter hours will agree (b-n a(tur nara sara

mr tgerek kiged il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui [4v]). The manual incorporates the

Chinese twenty-four joints and breaths as qorin drben a(ur a( but names only two

specific terms, the first and second, li un (Ch. lichun/li-chun) the beginning of spring and

yuu sui (Ch. yushui) constant rain, respectively.79 Rather, it is the four seasons (drben

a(-un a(ur), listed as follows, that are found in the calendar (cf. also Rybatzki 2003: 258-

260):

IV.35 The Four Seasons

Manual English
1. qabur spring
2. un summer
3. namur autumn
4. ebl winter

Also in the calendar are descriptions of the seasons in keeping with the twelve

monthly signs of the zodiac. These twelve signs of the seasons are as follows:

IV.36 The Signs of the Seasons (8r-19r)

79
For the entire series, see Wilkinson 1998: 185; Palmer 1986: 66.

306
INTRODUCTION

MONGOLIAN ENGLISH
Month Sign Month Sign
Baras baras ula(alamui Tiger the tiger brings forth young
Taulai modun bgde Hare hares notice all the buds on the
ula(ala(san-i taulai trees, eat their fill, then mate.
mede ide addu(ad
qoiyalamui
Luu a(ur oroqui-dur luu Dragon when the pneuma [of a change
dong(oddumui of weather] arrives the dragon
will sound.
Mo(ai mo(ai arisun-iyan nken- Snake the snake leaves its skin inside
dr orkimui a hole
Morin morin qulan terigten Horse the horse, onager and so on
tar(ulu ngge sn will fatten-up and fill out their
giimi 12r. appearance and color.
Qonin qonin addu(ad tar(u Ram sheep are satiated and grow
giiu fat.
Bein modun cim[e]g bein inu Monkey the monkey, ornament of the
imis ide iddu(ad. trees, having eaten its fill of
ula(an-iyan teigemi fruit, feeds its young.
Takiy-a qamu( iba(un tariyan Cock all birds eat their fill of grain
imis ide iddumui and fruit.
Noqai noqai quraiu [=quriau] Dog dogs are in heat and mate.
qoiyalamui
'aqai (aqai nasu to(alan Pig pigs mature and bring forth
ula(alamui young.
Qulu(an-a tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken- Rat the marmot and the rat will
ee l (arumui not leave their holes.
ker ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu Ox the body of the ox becomes
ebesn idtala idemi hot, and it eats its fill of grass.

307
INTRODUCTION

Comparative Mathematics

In summarizing the manuals technology, one thing that stands out is its blatant

indifference to change. A time-line demonstrates this well:

19th century

The anonymous manual is written out.

1715

Tngri-yin udq-a, the astronomical system based on Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) is

carved in Mongolian language. After this time Mongolian star systems tend to align

around that of the Chinese. The manual, however, retains the older star system

similar to that of the Uygurs and Hindus.

1683-1685

The Vaidrya dKar-po White Beryl is written by Sang rgyas rGya-mtsho (1653-

1705). This becomes the main source for Tibeto-Mongolian mathematics. Though

it shares some similarities with the manual, these are relatively few. What is

common between them likely comes through earlier sources.

1670

Though the Chinese government abandons the 100-ke system in favor of the Western

24-hour system introduced into China by Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), this system is

found in the manual (Wilkinson 1998: 222).

308
INTRODUCTION

17th century

The Qing begins to identify the months in composite fashion by the designation of

the season according to different customs (Elverskog 2005: 161). This method is

found in the manual.

15-17th century AD

Buddhist reconfiguration of the nakshatra is accomplished by including Abhijit with

the 21st nakshatra, ravan}a. The modern Mongolian system follows the Tibetan

method (Terbish 2001: 26, 28). The manuals star system does not.

1268

Under Qubilai Khan Phags-pa lama reconciles the Tibetan and Chinese calendrical

systems. The manuals technology reflects this change in the name for the month

(Tib. hor-zla) and in the order of the duodenary animal cycle, which subsequently

begins with the tiger (Mong. baras). When it comes to marriage customs, however,

the manual maintains the older Chinese way, beginning with the rat (Mong.

qulu(an).

1202

An almanac (T.II Y.29) shows that the Uygurs at Qocho are using a number of

systems very similar to those found in the manual. These include the 28 nakshatra

beginning with Kr}ttik~, the terms for the sexagenary cycle, and the twelve lords of

the day (Rachmati 1972: passim).

5-11th century CE

309
INTRODUCTION

Indian astronomical systems develop from Greek influence beginning with works

such as the Sryasiddhnta some time in the 5th century and culminating with the

Klacakra.in the 11th century. The nakshatra system in the manual does not follow

the unequal space systems developed by famous Hindu astrologers, Brahmagupta

(7th century CE) and Garga (?1st century BC [Stone 1981: 88, 185]) nor the system

of 27 nakshatra found in the Klacakra (Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra 1966: 38v

[p. 80]). Some time during this period comes the assimilation of the 3rd and 16th

Chinese asterisms, Di and Lou, into the Indian constellations Vikh and Avin,

respectively.

8th century CE

Tantric Buddhism develops in China bringing with it Greek and Babylonian

mathematical systems including the signs of the zodiac (Ho: 2003: 69-82).

6th century CE

The Sanskrit Sryagarbhastra, cited as a source for the composition of the

nakshatra in the manual, is translated into Chinese (Nattier 1992: 171-172).

4th century CE

The precession of equinoxes is known in both China and India. In India by the

beginning of the Christian era, as the vernal equinox fell under Avini, eventually,

through Greek influence Hindu astrology began to reflect the change in manuals that

give Avini as the first nakshatra and Kr}ttik~ as the third (Clerke 1911: 996a). The

310
INTRODUCTION

system used in the manual, however, gives the long obsolete configuration beginning

with Kr}ttik~.

2nd century CE

In his Tetrabiblos Ptolemy repudiates the practice of using numerology to derive the

positions of the stars in favor of empirical observation. Some 1600 years later, in the

manual position is still derived from numbers.

1st century CE

After repudiating omina as superstitious, Buddhists synthesize the Indian nakshatra

with omen literature from Mesopotamia. This nakshatra astrology similar in

essence to that found in the manual is exported into Iran and Central Asia from

whence it eventually reaches China (Pingree 1963: 233).

3rd century BC

The five elements, earth, fire, wood, metal and water, are attested in China during the

Warring States Period (Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 104; Smith, Richard 1991: 23).

4th century BC

The five Pythagorean elements, ether, air, fire, water, and earth, are attested in Greek

sources (Kingsley 1995: 13-17; Tester 1987: 59).

5th century BC

According to O. Neugebauer, the time of the invention of the zodiac is most likely

around 450 BC. It appears for the first time in 419 BC, although the constellations

by which the signs are named are much older (Neugebaur 1951, 97-98).

311
INTRODUCTION

6th century BC

Perhaps during this period the twelve Jupiter stations (Ch. ci) become associated with

the famous cycle of animals, rat, ox, tiger, etc. (Needham, 1959: 258).

1st millennium BC

The list of 28 nakshatra is given for the first time in the Atharvaveda and various

Brhmanas, when Abhijit, the star Vega in Lyra, is added (only to be subsequently

dropped in Hindu systems [Pingree 1963: 230]). This is the number of asterisms in

the manual.

2nd millennium BC

The chronology in the manual is based on a sexagenary cycle invented in China in

the 2nd millennium BC. In the Shang period the terms of the cycle are used strictly

as a day count. Only during the Han dynasty in the first century BC are they used to

count the years as well (Needham 1959: 396).

2300 to 1800 BC

In the manual the first nakshatra, defined by the position of the sun at the time of the

spring equinox, is Kr}ttik~, the Pleiades. However, because of the earth's precession,

the arrangement would have been correct only during this period. Concerning the

Chinese asterisms, Sun and Kristemaker, in calculating the right Ascensions of the

four xiu constellations that marked the vernal equinox, niao, summer solstice, huo,

autumnal equinox, xu, and the winter solstice, mao, find that at the year 2400 BC the

values fit the cardinal points rather well, suggesting a first use of these cardinal

312
INTRODUCTION

asterisms about 2300 BC . With an uncertainty of plus or minus 250 years, this

includes reign of Sargon in Akkad and Yao Di (Sun 1997: 17-18). Sun and

Kistemaker also show that a tomb excavated near Puyang, Henan, contains images

representing the Dragon and the Tiger. The age of the tomb is 3000 BC (Sun 1997:

116).

To draw out some of the main strands of influence and shared conventions seen in

the study of the manuals technology, in India common units of time along with the great

cycles ending in the kalpa were derived from those in Mesopotamia. The zodiac was

borrowed in India from Mesopotamia. This is apparently distinct from Greek influence, for

the Greeks also borrowed the zodiac but translated it differently. There is Greek influence

in the days of the week and in the four elements. In the five elements Indian mathematics

shares similarity with the Pythagorean tradition. Indian mathematics also shares similarity

with Chinese mathematics in regards to the twenty-eight asterisms. While eight out of 28

are roughly similar, ten are almost exactly the same. The comparative study of different

asterism systems shows Chinese influence on the Indian nakshatra. The 19 year intercalary

cycle is found in ancient Mesopotamia, Greece, India and China.

As for the question of the relationship between Mesopotamian culture and Chinese

mathematics, it has been a part of a longstanding argument among Sinologists over the

antiquity of Chinese astronomy, and what, if any, influence foreign sources have had. In a

monograph on Chinese mathematics, Li, Qi and Shu, Ho Peng Yoke succinctly summarizes

313
INTRODUCTION

the ideas of some of the most influential scholars on the subject over the past 150 years or

so. He states that based on the mathematical information in the Shijing (Historical Classics),

scholars such as Gaubil, J. B. Biot and de Saussure were of the opinon that celestial

observations were being made in China by about 2300 BC. Schlegel devotes a section of his

uranography of Chinese asterisms to arguing for a prehistoric origin around 16,000 BC.

Shinjo Shinzo also held the view that Chinese astronomy was indigenous. While Henri

Maspero agreed that Chinese mathematics was indigenous, he thought that it did not arise

in China until the 6th or 5th century BC. On the other hand Iijima Tadao believed Chinese

mathematics came from the Greeks or Babylonians. Joseph Needham believed in

Babylonian influence (Ho 2001: 116-117). Edward Schafer in Pacing the Void speculates

that native Chinese mathematics was probably modified by Babylonian methods by at least

the 6th century BC (Schafer 1977: 10).

Without unduly emphasizing the case for Mesopotamian influence as such

questions are best left to those with first hand knowledge some salient aspects of

Mesopotamian culture are worth noting. As with Chinese mathematics, the Mesopotamian

tradition emphasized the lunar cycle over the solar in contrast to the ancient Egyptians. They

emphasized omina over morality in contrast to the Hebrews. They emphasized true or

apparent time as measured by a gnomon over absolute or clock time. In both Chinese and

Mesopotamian traditions one finds base ten and base 60 number systems and the intercalary

cycle of 19 years. In very ancient times both have systems of four seasonal constellations,

one of which, the constellation for winter and the north, is signified by the turtle. Dragons

314
INTRODUCTION

are common in Mesopotamia, China, and throughout Eurasia. In early Chinese omen

literature of the Han dynasty, one finds the twelve hour day, common also in ancient

Mesopotamia. David Pingree demonstrates that omen literature, transmitted via India and

Buddhism through Central Asia, is also of Mesopotamian origin.

Also through Buddhist influence came the Chaldean zodiac, the four elements, and

the seven day week, although in a form originated by the Greeks. Tangentially, the Chinese

share similarity with the Pythagorean tradition in the cosmology of opposing forces and five

homogenous elements. Not only are three of the elements the same, this cosmology

manifested in highly similar conceptions of the harmony of the spheres, macrocosm and

microcosm, and associations with medicine and music.

As for links between Mesopotamia and Central Asia, in addition to what has been

mentioned already, months are named according to their number in Mesopotamia, among the

Chinese, Turks and eventually among the Mongols. New Year was celebrated at the vernal

equinox in ancient Mesopotamia and among the Turks and Mongols.

These are only some of the similarities between Eurasian mathematical traditions,

found merely in the study of Mostaerts manual.

Marriage

As birth, death and marriage were generally the three most popular subjects for

divination practice, while the Vaidrya dKar-po pays special attention to each, the manual

deals little with death, even less with birth, offering virtually nothing for a persons nativity,

315
INTRODUCTION

but, though not rivaling the coverage of the Vaidrya dKar-po, it does provide an extensive

treatment of marriage. This technology, though likely not taken from the Vaidrya dKar-po

itself, reflects an antecedent in Chinese marriage practice, perhaps coming to the Mongols

via Tibetan.80 In the section of the manual dealing with marriage, the twelve year animal

cycle begins not with the Tiger as is found elsewhere in the manual but with the Rat year.

This shows that the source is older than the Yuan calendar reconciliation in 1268 (54v).

Chinese influence is also found in the general procedure for marriage, the significance of the

eight trigrams and in the various kinds of brides (54r-54v).

As may be gleaned from the information in the manual, the basic progression of the

nuptial rite begins with the girls engagement, signified by the placing of a special hat, the

bo(to, upon her head. When the day of marriage arrives, she is adorned in a special robe,

placed upon a horse and led to the home of her groom, where she is greeted, helped to

dismount, brought over the threshold into the home. There, after she is given something to

eat and her face washed, she prostrates herself before the fire in the hearth.

In order for a marriage to be fortunate, a great many factors must be taken into

account. A divination is performed to find under which of the eight trigrams the bride will

fall. This is the only situation in the manual, where the eight trigrams, so prevalent

throughout the Vaidrya dKar-po, come into play. The bride who comes under the li

trigram, for instance, is a bride who holds a sickle in her hand. It is bad. It is especially bad

80
For a brief description of Chinese marriage customs see Dor, Henry, Researches
into Chinese Superstitions, vol. 1, pp. 29-40.

316
INTRODUCTION

if she is born either in the Snake or Horse years (54r-54v). The years of the bride and groom

must be suitable. For instance, if the man and woman are both born in the Rat year, it is

good, for they will have many sons, but a girl born in the Rat year should not be given to a

man born in the year of the Hare, etc (54v). The right day to become engaged and to be

married must be determined (53v). Age is an important factor. If a man born in the Rat year

takes a bride who is either fifteen, twenty-seven or thirty years old, it is bad, etc. (53r). The

year of the girl and the year of her guardian (ibegel) must also be suitable, as should the day

she sets out on her way, the color of her robe, the color of the horse she rides, the direction

she should take when she sets out on her way, the direction she should face when she

dismounts, the hour at which she prostrates herself before the fire of the hearth, and so on.

Other considerations include certain occasions of the day and the nakshatra under which one

should not take a bride (52r)and the four demons of a bride (beri-yin drben ilmus [52r]).

Significant people in the marriage ceremony, other than the bride and groom and the

astrologer, are the matchmaker or go-between (i(ui), the guardian of the bride (ibegel), the

one who delivers her (krgegi), the one leads her (ktelgi), the one who greets her

(u(tu(i), the one who supports the trivet (tul(-a tulu(i), the one who starts the fire ((al

tlegi), the one who washes the brides face (ni(ur ugiya(i), the one who has her enter the

household (gerte oro (ulu(i), and the one who offers her food (idegen ideglgi). As for

the bride herself, the various kinds of bride are listed below:

IV.37 The Kinds of Bride

317
INTRODUCTION

1. the bride who brings danger (ayul bolqu beri [52r]).

2. bride who holds good fortune (buyan keig bari(san beri [54r]).

3. bride who comes under the dui trigram (dan-dur ucira(san beri [54r]).

4. a superior bride, i.e., descendants and animals will flourish; it is good (deged beri [52r]).

5. a fair bride, i.e., one who give birth to a daughter (dumda beri [52r]).

6. a poor bride, i.e., descendants will be few (es beri [52r]).

7. bride who holds a sickle in her hand ((ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri [54r]).

8. bride who holds a braid casing in her hand ((arta(an irbegel bari(san beri [54v]).

9. bride who holds a hearth in her hands ((ar-ta(an odu( bari(san beri [54r]).

10. bride who comes under the gen trigram (gen-dr uira(san beri [54r]).

11. bride who comes under the qian trigram (gin-dr uira(san beri [54r]).

12. bride who comes under the zhen trigram (jen-dr uira(san beri [54v]).

13. bride who comes under the kan trigram (kam-dur uira(san beri [54r]).

14. bride who pulls the leg with a hook (kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri [54v]).

15. bride who comes under the kun trigram (kun-dur uira(san beri [54r]).

16. bride who holds a human skeleton (kmn- yasun bari(san beri [54r]).

17. bride who comes under the li trigram (lii-dr uira(san beri [54r]).

18. bride who carries a sack on her back (niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri [54r]).

19. bride who holds a Chinese sickle on the top of her head (oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur

bari(san beri [54r]).

318
INTRODUCTION

20. bride who separates (qa(aiqu beri [52r, 52r]).

21. bride who comes under the sun trigram (sn-dr uira(san beri [54v]).

22. bride who will die (kk beri [52r]).

23. bride who does not suit (l okiqu beri [52r]).

A survey of the studies on marriage customs shows that practices differed greatly not

only in Ordos but throughout Mongolia. In none of these studies does the marriage rite

follow exactly what is found in the manual. However, though some customs, such as the

placing of the bo(to hat upon the brides head, were obsolete in Ordos by the 19th century

(when the manual was written out) and early 20th century (when it was used by Sangwar) and

for the most part throughout Mongolia during this period, both the general procedure of the

ceremony and variations on specific practices, such as the brides bowing before the fire,

were still extant.81 What is more, the manual was almost certainly used by Sangwar for

determining the suitability of the bride and groom, the time and place of the ceremony, and

so on.82

81
Concerning the bo(to hat, which was worn by Mongolian women during the time
of the Mongol Empire, though its style, tall, thin shaped, with a feather on top, was by the
Qing time obsolete, the adornment of a hat to signify marriage was still a common practice.
Also the term bo(tala- to put the bo(to cap on a woman, i.e. to marry her off; to become
engaged is attested not only in the manual but in Khorchin weddings as well (Pao 1964: 52).

82
This is the case for the Vaidrya dKar-po as well. For descriptions of the nuptial
rites throughout Mongolia and in Tibet and China see Pozdneyev 1978: 564-574; Dor, vol.
1, 1966: 29-40; Kler 1935: 165-190; Serruys, Paul, 1944: 73-154; Mostaert 1956: 270-278;
Pao 1964: 29ff; Serruys, Henry, 1974: 247-331; 1975: 275-360; Hangin 1975: 41ff.;

319
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

Aalto, Pentti, A catalogue of the Hedin collection of Mongolian literature, Contributions

to Ethnography, Linguistics and History of Religion, Stockholm: Statens

Ethnografiska Museum, 1954.

Aalto, Pentti, Qutu(-tu Pacaraks kemek tabun sakiyan neret Yeke Klgen sudur,

Asiatische Forschungen, Band 10, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1961.

Akhmedov, A., Astronomy, astrology, observatories and calendars, History of civilizations

of Central Asia, vols. IV, Unesco, 1992: 195.

Al-Brn, The book of instruction in the elements of the art of Astrology, R. Ramsay Wright,

transl., London: Luzac & Co., 1934.

Allred, David T., The circumpolar constellations of ancient China, [thesis], Indiana

University, 2003.

Altangerel, D., Orchin tsagiin Mongol-Angli toli, Ulaanbaatar, 1998.

Ana(aqu uqa(an-u drben nds [the four bases of medical knowledge], [Kkeqota]:

br Mong(ol-un Arad-un Keblel-n Qoriy-a, 1978.

Arban dolodo(ar jiran-u ula(a(in ker jil-un mong(ol jiruqai-yin a( ularil-un to(an-u

biig (Mongolian almanac for the Female-red-ox year of the 17th 60 year cycle),

Deinoinkhorlin Khiid, 1996.

Archibald, R. C., Babylonian mathematics, Isis 26 (1936): 63-81.

Miyawaki 1992: 361 ff.; Miyawaki-Okada 2001: 82-89; Shastri 1994: 755 ff.; Badamkhatan
1987: 298-300; TEDP 194-223.

320
Aristotle, On the Heavens I & II, Leggatt, Stuart, ed., Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1995.

Arlotto, Anthony, Old turkic oracle books, MS 29 (1970-1): 685-696.

Atwood, Christopher P., Buddhism and popular ritual in Mongolian religion: a

reexamination of the fire cult, History of Religions, 36 (1996): 112-139.

Atwood, Ch., Young Mongols and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolias Interregnum Decades,

1911-1931, 2 vols., Leiden: Brill, 2002.

Atwood, Ch., Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, Facts on File, Inc., 2004.

Aveni, Anthony F., Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures, New York: Basic

Books, 1989.

Ayto, John, Dictionary of Word Origins, New York: Arcade, 1991.

Baavgai, Ch. and B. Boldsaikhan, Mongolyn ulamjlalt anagaakh ukhaan [Mongolian

traditional medicine], Ulaanbaatar: Ulsyn Khevleliin Gazar, 1990.

Badamkhatan, S., BNMAU-yn Ugsaatny Zui, vol. 1, Ulaanbaatar, Ulsyn Khevleliin Gazar,

1987.

Badarchin, D. et. al., Z Tnr Zasal, Ulaanbaatar, Ulsyn Khevleliin Gazar, 1989.

Bakich, Michael E., The Cambridge Guide to the Constellations, Cambridge: CUP, 1995.

Bandyopadhyaya, Biswanath, A note on the Klacakratantra and its commentary, Journal

of the Asiatic Society, 18 (1952): 71-76.

Baranovskaia, L.S., Iz Istorii Mongolskoi Astronomii [On the history of astronomy

among the Mongols], Trudy Instituta Istorii Yestestvoznania i Tekhniki 5 (1955).

Barker, Peter and Ariew, Roger, ed., Revolution and Continuity, Washington D.C.: Catholic

University of Amer. Press, 1991.

321
REFERENCES

Barton, T., Ancient Astrology, London: Routledge, 1994.

Bawden, C. R., Scapulimancy Among the Mongols, CAJ 4 (1958-59): 1-44.

Bawden, C. R., Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen ZDMG, Band 108,

Wiesbaden: Kommission Franz Steiner GMBH, 1958.

Bawden, C. R., "The Supernatural Element in Sickness and Death According to Mongol

Tradition" Part I, Asia Major 8 (1960-61): 215-257.

Bawden, C. R., "The Supernatural Element in Sickness and Death According to Mongol

Tradition" Part II, Asia Major 9 (1962): 153-178.

Bawden, C. R., The Chester Beatty Library: A Catalogue of the Tibetan Collection by

David L. Snellgrove And a Catalogue of the Mongolian Collection by C. R. Bawden,

Dublin: Hodges, Figgis & Co., Ltd., 1969.

Bawden, C. R., Calling the Soul: A Mongolian Litany, BSOAS 35 (1962): 81-103.

Bawden, Charles, Divination, Die Mongolen, Innsbruck, 1989.

Bawden, C. R., Confronting the Supernatural: Mongolian Traditional Ways and Means,

Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1994.

Bawden, Charles, Some Mongolian divinatory practices, CAJ 46 (2002): 5-33.

Bazin, L., Les noms turcs et mongols de la constellation des Pliades, AOH 10 (1959):

295.

Bazin, L., Les systmes chronologiques dans le monde turc ancien, Budapest: Akadmai

Kiad, 1991.

322
REFERENCES

Beckwith, C. I., "The Introduction of Greek Medicine into Tibet in the 7-8th Centuries,"

JAOS 99.2 (1979): 297-313.

Beckwith, C. I., Tibetan science at the court of the Great Khans, JTS 7 (1987): 5-11.

Bell, Catherine, Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice, New York: Oxford University Press,

1992.

Bell, Catherine, Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions, New York: Oxford University Press,

1997.

Berggren, J. L., The mathematical sciences, History of civilizations of Central Asia, vol.

IV, Unesco, 1992: 182.

Berzin, A., "An Introduction to Tibetan Astronomy and Astrology," The Tibetan Journal 12

(1987): 17-28.

Bese, L., An old Mongolian calendar fragment, AOH 25 (1972): 149-173.

Bese, L., The Mongolian collection in Berkeley, California, AOH 31 (1977): 17.

Beyer, Stephen, The Cult of Tara, Berkeley: University of Cal. Press, 1973.

Bharati, A., Intentional language in the tantras, JAOS, 81 (1961): 261-270.

Biot, J. B., tudes sur l Astronomie indienne et sur l Astronomie chinoise, Paris: Levy,

1862.

Birtalan gnes, Scapulimancy and purifying ceremony, Proceedings of the 35th permanent

international Altaistic conference, Taipei, 1992: 1.

Birtalan, ., Ritualistic Use of Livestock bones in the Mongolian Belief System and

Customs, Altaica Budapestinensia [PIAC 45], Budapest, 2003: 34-62.

323
REFERENCES

Bobrovnikoff, Nicholas T., Astronomy Before the Telescope Volume I, Tucson: Pachart

Publishing House, 1984.

Bobrovnikoff, Nicholas T., Astronomy Before the Telescope Volume II The Solar System,

Tucson: Pachart Publishing House, 1990.

Bocking, Brian, Ngrjuna in China: A Translation of the Middle Treatise, Lewiston: The

Edwin Mellen Press, 1995.

Bogan, M. L. C., Manchu customs and superstitions, Tientsin, 1928.

Bokenkamp, Stephen R., Time after time: Taoist apocalyptic history and the founding of

the Tang dynasty, Asia Major (1984-86): 59-88.

Bonnefoy, Yves, Mythologies: A Restructured Translation of Dictionnaire des mythologies

et des religions des socits traditionnelles et du monde antique, 2 vols., Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Born, Max, ed., The Born-Einstein Letters, New York: Walker, 1971.

Brennand, W., Hindu Astronomy, London: Straker, 1896.

Bunce, Fredrick W., An Encyclopaedia of Buddhist Deities, Demigods, Godlings, Saints and

Demons: With a Special Focus on Iconographic Attributes, New Delhi: D.K.

Printworld, 1994.

Bruce, J. P., A selection of the Tung Shu, BSOAS 4 (1926-28): 97.

Burgess, E., "Translation of the Srya-Siddhnta, a Textbook of Hindu Astronomy; with

Notes, and an Appendix by Rev. Ebenezer Burgess," JAOS, 1859-1860: 141-499.

324
REFERENCES

Burgess, Ebenezer, Rev., On the origin of the lunar division of the Zodiac represented in

the Nakshatra system of the Hindus, JAOS 8 (1864-6): 309-334.

Burgess, Ebenezer, On the origin of the lunar division of the zodiac represented in the

nakshatra system of the Hindus, JAOS 8 (1866): 309-333.

Burgess, E., On Hindu Astronomy, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1893: 758.

Burkert, Walter, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, 1972.

Bu-ston Rin-chen-grub, The Collected Works of Bu-ston, 28 vol., ed. Lokesh Chandra, New

Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1965-1971.

a(i geled and Nim-a, Yuwan Ulus-us Astronomi-yin Teuke-yin ?Nabtara( [History of

the astronomy of the Yuan dynasty], [Kkeqota], br Mong(ol-un Sinjilek

Uqa(an Teknik Mergejil-n Keblel-n Qoriy-a, 1993.

Cammann, Schuyler., the evolution of magic squares in China, JAOS 80 (1960): 116-124.

Camman, Schuyler, "Mongol Dwellings--with special reference to Inner Mongolia," Aspects

of Altaic Civilization, Bloomington: IU, 1963.

Cardona, George, A path still taken: some early Indian arguments concerning time, JAOS

111 (1991): 445-464.

eden, et. al., analyst, Tngri-yin Udq-a, [Kkeqota], br Mong(ol-un Sinjilek Uqa(an

Teknik Mergejil-n Keblel-n Qoriy-a, 1990.

Censorinus (A.D. 238), De die natale [the natal day], William Maude, transl., New York:

Cambridge Encyclopedia Co. 1900.

325
REFERENCES

Cerensodnom, D. and Taube, M., "Die Mongolica der Berliner Turfansammlung, Akademie

Verlag, 1993.

Chabros, Krystyna, Beckoning Fortune: A Study of the Mongol dalal(a Ritual, Wiesbaden:

Otto Harrassowitz, 1992.

Chakravarty, A. K., The asterisms, History of Oriental Astronomy, Cambridge: CUP,

1987: 23-28.

Chang, Kwang-chih, Shang Civilization, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980.

Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad, Making of astronomy in ancient India, Cosmic perspectives,

Cambridge: CUP, 1989: 41.

Chavannes, E., Le Cycle turc des douze animaux, TP 7 (1906): 51-122.

Ch'en, Paul Heng-chao, Chinese Legal Tradition Under the Mongols, Princeton: Princeton

University Press, 1979.

Chen Zungui, Zhongguo tianwenxue shi [History of Chinese Astronomy], 2 vols., Shanghai,

1982.

Chigchitu, Mong(ol ana(aqu uqa(an-u tobi nayira(ulul [Survey of Mongolian medicine],

[Kkeqota]: br Mong(ol-un Arad-un Keblel-n Qoriy-a, 1983.

Chiodo, Elisabetta, The Jarud Mongol ritual calling the soul with the breast, (kk-ber

snes da(udaqu), ZAS 26 (1996): 153.

Chiodo, Elisabetta, The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in

the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Part 1, Wiesbaden:

Harrassowitz Verlag, 2000.

326
REFERENCES

Cicero, De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione, William Armistead Falconer, transl.

Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.

Clarke, Walter Eugene, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, 2 vol., New York: Paragon Book Reprint

Corp., 1965.

Clauson, Gerard, Notes on the Irk Bitig, Ural-Altaische Jahrbcher, vol. 34, Wiesbaden,

Otto Harrassowitz,1961: 218-225.

Clauson, Sir Gerard, An Etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish,

Oxford:Clarendon, 1972.

Cleaves, F. W., The Sino-Mongolian inscription of 1338 in memory of Jigntei, HJAS 14

(1951): 1.

Cleaves, F. W., transl. and ed., The Secret History of the Mongols, Cambridge: Harvard

Univ. Press, 1982.

Clerke, Agnes, Zodiac, Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911.

Colebrooke, H. T., On the Indian and Arabian divisions of the zodiac, AR 9 (1809): 323-

376.

Colson, F. H., The Week: an Essay on the Origin and Development of the Seven-day Cycle,

Cambridge, 1926.

Conze, Edward, Buddhism and Gnosis, Further Buddhist Studies: Selected Essays,

Oxford: Luzac, 1975: 15-32.

Cornu, P., Tibetan Astrology, Gregor, H., transl., Boston: Shambhala, 1997.

327
REFERENCES

Csoma de Krs, Alexander., Note on the origin of the Kla-Chakra and Adi-Buddha

system, JASB 2 (1833): 57-59.

Csoma de Krs, A., A grammar of the Tibetan language, in English, Calcutta, 1834.

Csoma de Krs, A., Analysis of a Tibetan medical work, Journal of the Royal Asiatic

Society Bengal, 4 (1835): 1-20.

Cullen, Christopher, Astronomy and mathematics in ancient China: the Zhou bi suan jing,

Cambridge: CUP, 1996.

Curry, P., ed., Astrology, Science and Society: Historical Essays, Boydell Press, 1987.

Das, Sarat Chandra, Tibetan-English Dictionary with Sanskrit Synonyms, Alipore: West

Bengal Government Press, 1960. (Reprint)

Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, Tokyo: Nichiren Shoshu International Center,

1983.

Doerfer, Gerhard, Elemente im Neupersischen Band II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag

GMBH, 1965.

Dollfus, Pascale, Porte de la Terre, Porte du Ciel, un rituel de ranon au Ladakh,Tibetan

Studies, [6th seminar], vol. 1, Oslo, 1994.

Dor, Henry, Researches into Chinese Superstitions, Vol. I-XIII, Kennelly, M., transl.,

Taipei: Ch'eng-wen Publishing Company, 1966.

Duncan, M. H., Customs and Superstitions of Tibetans, London: The Mitre Press, 1964.

Durkheim, Emile, The elementary forms of the religious life, Joseph Ward Swain, transl.,

New York: The Free Press, 1965.

328
REFERENCES

Eberhard, Wolfram, Contributions to the astronomy of the Han Period III: astronomy of the

Later Han Period, HJAS 1 (1936): 194-241.

Eberhard, W., and R. Mueller, Contributions to the astronomy of the San-kuo period, MS

2 (1937): 149.

Eberhard, W., Untersuchungen an astronomischen Texten des chinesischen Tripitaka, MS

5 (1940): 208.

Eberhard, W., Index zu den Arbeiten ber Astronomie, Astrologie und Elementenlehre,

MS 7 (1942): 242.

Eberhard, W. Chinese festivals, New York: Schuman, 1978 [first pub., 1952].

Eberhard, W., "The Political Function of Astronomy and Astronomers," Chinese Thought

and Institutions, Fairbanks, J. K., ed., Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1957.

Eberhard, W., A dictionary of Chinese symbols, G. L. Campbell, transl., London: Routledge,

1983.

Edgerton, Franklin, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Delhi: Motilal

Banarsidass, 1970.

Edkins, J., Babylonian origin of Chinese astronomy and astrology, China Review, 14

(1885): 90.

Edkins, J., Star names among the ancient Chinese, China Review, 39 (1888): 309.

Egyed, A., The Eighty-four Siddhas, a Tibetan blockprint from Mongolia, Budapest,

Akademiai Kiado (Debter, Debther, Debtelin 3: Fontes Tibetani II), 1984.

Ekvall, Robert B., Religious observances in Tibet, Chicago, 1964.

329
REFERENCES

Eliade, Mircea, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion, New York: Macmillan, 1987.

Elverskog, Johan, Uygur Buddhist Literature Silk Road Studies I, Brepols, 1997.

Elverskog, Johan, The jewel translucent sutra: Altan Khan and the Mongols in the sixteenth

century, Leiden: Brill, 2003.

Elverskog, Johan, Mongol Time Enters a Qing World, Time, Temporality, and Imperial

Transition: East Asia from Ming to Qing, Lynn A. Struve, ed., Honolulu: Association

for Asian Studies, 2005.

Erkes, Eduard, The God of Death in ancient China, TP 35 (1940): 185.

Esin, Emel, The cosmic man in Turkish texts and iconography, Religious and lay

symbolism in the Altaic world and other papers, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz,

1989: 113-124.

Everding, Karl-Heinz, "Die 60er-Zyklen, Eine Konkordanztafel," Zentralasiatische Studien

16 (1982): 475-479.

Falk, Harry, Measuring time in Mesopotamia and ancient India, ZDMG 150 (2000): 107-

132.

Farmer, H. G., Clues for the Arabian influence on European musical theory, JRAS 1925:

61-80.

Farmer, H. G., Ibn Khurddhbih on musical instruments, JRAS 1928: 509-518.

Farmer, H. G., The influence of Al-Farabis Ihsa al-ulum (De scientiis) on the

writers on music in Western Europe, JRAS 1932: 561-592.

Farmer, H. G., Maimonides on listening to music, JRAS 1933: 867-905.

330
REFERENCES

Farmer, H. G., The music of the Arabian Nights, JRAS 1944: 172-185; 1945: 39-60.

Farquhar, David M., A description of the Mongolian manuscripts and xylographs in

Washington, D. C., CAJ 1 (1955): 161.

Feuerstein, G., Tantra, the Path of Ecstasy, Boston: Shambhala, 1998.

Finckh, Elisabeth, Behaviour an important part of Tibetan medicine, Tibetan Studies, [6th

seminar], vol. 1, Oslo, 1994.

Firmicus Maternus, Julius, Ancient Astrology: Theory and Practice = Matheseos Libri VIII,

Jean Rhys Bram, transl., Park Ridge: Noyes Press, 1975.

Fleet, J. F., The ancient Indian water-clock, JRAS 1915: 213-230.

Franke, H., Mittelmongolische Kalenderfragmente aus Turfan, Mnchen: Verlag der

Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1964.

Frazer, James G., The magic art and the evolution of Kings, the Golden Bough, vol. 1,

London, 1913.

Frazer, J. T., et. al., ed., Time, Science, and Society in China and the West: The Study of

Time V, Amherst, Univ. of Mass. Press, 1986.

Frye, Richard, The Heritage of Central Asia: From Antiquity to the Turkish expansion,

Princeton: Marcus Wiener Publishers, 1996.

Frye, Stanley, transl., The Sutra of the Wise and the Foolish or the Ocean of Narratives,

Dharmasala: Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, 1981.

Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems--Ptolemaic and Copernican,

Drake, S. transl., Einstein, A., foreword, Berkeley, Univ. of Cal. Press, 1953.

331
REFERENCES

Geneva, A., Astrology and the 17th Century Mind: William Lilly and the Language of the

Stars, Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1995.

Geller, M. J., More magic spells and formulae, BSOAS 60 (1997): 327-335.

Geller, M. J., Fragments of magic, medicine and mythology from Nimrud, BSOAS 63

(2000): 331-339.

Getty, Alice, The Gods of Northern Buddhism: Their History and Iconography, New York:

Dover Publications 1988/1928.

Giles, H. A., A Chinese Biographical Dictionary, London: B. Quaritch, 1898/1962.

Golden, P. B., The days of the week in Turkic: notes on the Cumano-Qipaq pattern, AOH

48 (1995): 363-375.

Golden, Peter B., ed., The Kings Dictionary. The Raslid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century

Vocabularies in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian and Mongol, Leiden:

Brill, 2000.

Grimes, John, A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy, New York: State University of

New York Press, 1996.

de Groot, J. J. L., The religious system of China, 6 vols., Leiden: Brill, 1892-1910.

Grnbaum, A., Modern Science and Zeno's Paradoxes, Middletown: Wesleyan Univ. Press,

1967.

Grnwedel, Die Stern schnuppen im Vaidrya dkar-po, Festschrift Edward Seler, 1922:

129-146.

332
REFERENCES

Guo Shoujing, et al., Shoushili yijing [Explanations and manual of the Shoushi (works and

days) calendar], juan 52, 53, 54, 55 of the Yuanshi.

Gurshtein, A. A., On the origin of the zodiacal constellations, Vistas in Astronomy, 36

(1993): 171-90.

Gyarmati, I., Trkische Planetennamen, entstanden durch Lehnbersetzung, AOH 48

(1995): 377-382.

Gyurme Dorje, comm. and transl., Tibetan elemental divination paintings illuminated

manuscripts from The White Beryl of Sangs-rgyas rGya-mtsho [the Vaidrya dkar-

po] with the Moonbeams treatise of Lo-chen Dharmar, London, 2001.

Hackin, J., Asiatic Mythology: A Detailed Description and Explanation of the Mythologies

of all the Great Nations of Asia, New York: Crescent Books, 1963.

Hamilton, James, Le Colophon de Irq Bitig, Turcica 7 (1975): 7-19.

Hangin, John G., Marriage customs of certain Chahar banners, MSJ 2 (1975): 41.

Hangin, Gombajab, A Modern Mongolian-English Dictionary, Indiana University, Research

Institute for Inner Asian Studies, 1986.

Harper, Donald J., Early Chinese Medical Literature: The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts,

London: Kegan Paul, 1998.

Hartner, Willy, the Pseudo planetary nodes of the Moons Orbit in Hindu and Islamic

Iconographies, Ars Islamica 5 (1938);

333
REFERENCES

Hartner, W., The astronomical instruments of Cha-Ma-Lu-Ting, their identification, and

their relations to the instruments of the Observatory of Maragha, Isis 41 (1950):

184-194.

Haskins, C. H., Arabic science in Western Europe, Isis, 7 (1925): 478-485.

Hastings, James, ed., Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, New York: Scribners, 1927.

Hawking, Stephen, A Brief History of Time, New York: Bantam Books, 1988.

Heissig, W., Die Pekinger lamaistischen Blockdrucke in mongolischer Sprache (PLB),

Gttinger Asiatische Forschungen, Bd. 2, Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz, 1954.

Heissig, W., "The Mongol Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Belgian Scheut Mission,"

CAJ 3 (1957): 161-169.

Heissig, W. with C. R. Bawden, Catalogue of Mongol Books, Manuscripts and Xylographs,

Copenhagen: The Royal Library, 1971.

Heissig, W., Mongolische Handschriften, Blockdrucke, Landkarten, Wiesbaden: Franz

Steiner Verlag GMBTT, 1961.

Heissig, W., Die mongolischen HandschriftenReste aus Olon sume, Innere Mongolei (16.-

17. Jhdt), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1976.

Heissig, W., Banishing illnesses into effigies in Mongolia, Asian Folklore Studies 45

(1986): 33-43.

Heissig, W., Schamanen und Geisterbeschwrer in der stlichen Mongolei, Wiesbaden:

Otto Harrassowitz, 1992.

334
REFERENCES

Ho Peng Yoke, transl., The astronomical chapters of the Chin shu [by Fang Hsan-ling (578-

648)], Paris, Mouton & Co., 1966.

Ho Peng-yoke, "Astronomical Bureau in Ming China," JAH 3 (1969): 137-157.

Ho Peng-yoke, Magic Squares in East and West, Papers on Far Eastern History, 8 (1973):

115-142.

Ho, Peng Yoke, Modern scholarship on the History of Chinese Astronomy, Canberra:

Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1977.

Ho Peng Yoke, The swinging pendulum: science in East and West with special reference to

China, Brinsbane: School of Modern Asian Studies, 1982.

Ho Peng Yoke and F.P. Lisowski, A brief history of Chinese medicine, 2nd ed., River Edge:

World Scientific, 1997.

Ho Peng Yoke, Li, qi, and shu an introduction to science and civilization in China, Dover,

2000.

Ho Peng Yoke, Chinese mathematical astrology: reaching out to the stars, London: Curzon,

2003.

Hoffleit, D. and C. Jaschek, The Bright Star Catalogue, Yale University Observatory, New

Haven, 1982.

Hoffmann, Helmut, Das Klacakra, die letzte Phase des Buddhismus in Indien, Saeculum

15 (1964): 125-131.

Hoffman, Helmut H. R., "Klacakra Studies I: Manichaeism, Christianity, and Islam in the

Klacakra Tantra," CAJ 13 (1969): 52-73.

335
REFERENCES

Hoffmann, Helmut H. R., Klacakra Studies I, Addenda et Corrigenda, CAJ 15 (1971-2):

298.

Hommel, Fritz, Ueber den Ursprung und das Alter der arabischen Sternnamen und

insbesondere der Mondstationen, ZDMG 45 (1891): 592.

Huang, Chun-chieh and Zrcher, Erik, ed., Time and Space in Chinese Culture, Leiden: E.J.

Brill, 1995.

Huber, E., Termes persans dans lAstrologie bouddhique chinoise, (Part 7 of Etudes de

Littrature bouddhique.) Bulletin de lEcole franaise de lExtrme Orient 6, 1906.

Huc,variste Rgis, Souvenirs dun voyage dans la Tartarie, le Thibet et la Chine pendant

les annes 1844, 1845 et 1846, 2 vols. Paris, 1850.

Huebotter, Fraz, Beitrge zur Kenntnis der chinesischen sowie der tibetisch-mongolischen

Pharmakologie, Berlin, 1913.

Huff, Toby E., The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West, Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Hummel, Siegbert, Gnstige und ungnstige Zeiten und Zeichen nach der Tibetischen des

Chags-med-rin-po-che, Asian Folklore Studies 22 (1963): 89-132.

Humphrey, C. and Onon, U., Shamans and Elders, Oxford: Claredon Press, 1996.

Humphrey, C., Rituals of Death in Mongolia: Their Implication for Understanding the

Mutual Constitution of Persons and Objects and Certain Concepts of Property, Inner

Asia 1/1 (1999): 59.

336
REFERENCES

Huc, variste-Rgis and Gabet, Joseph, Travels in Tartary, Thibet and China, 1844-46, vol.

1, Hazlitt, W., transl., New York: Harper & Brothers, 1928/1853.

Information Mongolia, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1990.

Jacobi, Hermann, Einteilung des Tages und Zeitmessung im alten Indien, ZDMG 74

(1920): 247-263.

Jadamba, Collection of Mongolian manuscripts from the private collection of his Holiness

Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu in the State public library, Studia Mongolia, vol. 1, 1959,

pt. 6.

Jadamba, Ulsyn Niitiin Nomyn Sangiin bichmal uran zokhiolyn nomyn garchig, Studia

Mongolica, vol. 1, 1959 pt. 11.

Jschke, H. A., A Tibetan-English Dictionary, London: Routledge & Paul, 1949 [reprint].

Jeyes, U., Old Babylonian Extispicy: Omen Texts in the British Museum, Istanbul

Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut, 1989.

Jiao, Jian, The Yuan Dynasty: Foreign Relations, Science, and Culture, China

Reconstructs (Peking) 29, no. 7 (July 1980), 69-71.

Johnson, M. C., Greek, Moslem, and Chinese instrument design in the surviving Mongol

equatorials of 1279 AD, Isis 32 (1940): 27-43.

Jones, C. W., A note on concepts of the inferior planets in the early Middle Ages, Isis, 24

(1935-6): 397-399.

Jones, William, On the antiquity of the Indian zodiac, Asiatic Researches 2 (1799): 289-

306.

337
REFERENCES

Jung, C. G., Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle, Hull, F. C., transl., Bollingen

Series, Princeton Univ. Press, 1973.

Kara, G., "Manual of Mongol Astrology and Divination, with a Critical Introduction by the

Reverend Antoine Mostaert, C.I.C.M. and an Editor's Foreword by Francis Woodman

Cleaves," review, JAOS 93.1 (1973): 94-96.

Kara, G., "Weitere mittelmongolische Bruchstcke aus der Berliner Turfansammlung,"

Altorientalische Forschungen, VI, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1979: 181-203.

Kara, G., "Zu den mittelmongolischen Kalendarausdrcken," Altorientalische Forschungen,

11:2 (1984): 347-352.

Kara, G., Zhiyuan Yiyu, index alphabetique des mots mongols, AOH 44 (1990): 279-344.

Kara, G., L. Bazin, Les systmes chronologiques dans le monde turc ancien, review, AOH

47 (1994): 201-206.

Kara, G., The Mongol and Manchu manuscripts and blockprints in the Library of the

Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar Tudomnyos Akadmiaa, Budapest:

Akadmiai Kiad, 2000.

Kennedy, Edward S., "The Chinese-Uighur Calendar as Described in the Islamic Sources,"

Isis 55:2, 1964: 435-443.

Kennedy, E. S., Late medieval planetary theory, Isis 57 (1966): 365-378.

Kennedy, Edward S., Astronomy and Astrology in the Medieval Islamic World, Aldershot,

Ashgate, 1998.

338
REFERENCES

Kielhorn, Franz, The sixty-year cycle of Jupiter, Indian Antiquary 18 (1889): 193-209,

380-386.

Kingsley, P., Ancient Philosophy, Mystery, and Magic: Empedocles and Pythagorean

Tradition, Oxford: Clarendon, 1995.

Kiripolsk, Marta, A description of the Mongolian manuscripts and blockprints in Prague

collections, AOH 49 (1996): 277.

Kiripolsk, Marta, More Mongol Manuscripts in the university Library of Oslo, AO 60

(1999): 178.

Kler, Joseph, Quelques notes sur les coutumes matrimoniales des Mongols Ortos,

Anthropos 30 (1935): 165-190.

Kloetzli, Randy, Buddhist Cosmology, From Single World System to Pure Land: Science

and Theology in the Images of Motion and Light, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.

Knappert, Jan, Indian Mythology: an Encyclopedia of Myth and Legend, London: Aquarian

Press, 1991.

Koch-Westenholz, U., Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and

Assyrian Celestial Divination, Univ. of Copenhagen, 1995.

Korvin-Krasinski, P. Cyrill von, Die tibetische Medizinphilosophe. Der Mensch als

Mikrokosmos, Zurich, 1953/1964.

Kowalewski, Joseph tienne [= Jsef Szczepan], Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-Franais, 3

vols., Tientsin, 1941. (Reprint)

339
REFERENCES

Krader, Lawrence, Social Organization of the Mongol-Turkic Pastoral Nomads, Uralic and

Altaic Series, vol. 20, The Hague, 1963.

Krueger, John R., the Altan Saba (The golden vessel): a Mongolian lamaist burial manual,

MS 24 (1965): 207-272.

Krueger, J. R., Catalogue of the Laufer collections in Chicago, JAOS 86 (1966): 156-183.

Krupp, E. C., Beyond the Blue Horizon: Myths and Legends of the Sun, Moon, Stars, and

Planets, New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

Kutchins, Herb and Stuart A. Kirk, Making Us Crazy: DSM: The Psychiatric Bible and the

Creation of Mental Disorders, New York: Free Press, 1997.

Kvaerne, P., Tibet Bon Religion: A Death Ritual of the Tibetan Bonpos, Leiden: E.J. Brill,

1985.

Langdon, Stephen, Babylonian and Assyrian Religion, EB 1956: 857-861.

Laufer, Berthold, "The Application of the Tibetan Sexagenary Cycle," TP 14 (1913): 569-

596.

Laufer, B., "Bird Divination among the Tibetans, TP 15 (1914): 1-110.

Leon, J. C., Science and Philosophy in the West, Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1999.

Lessing, F., "Calling the Soul: A Lamaist Ritual," Ritual and Symbol: Collected Essays on

Lamaism and Chinese Symbolism, Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service, 1976.

Lessing, F., ed., Mongolian-English Dictionary, Bloomington: The Mongolia Society, 1982.

340
REFERENCES

Lessing, F. and A. Wayman, A., Introduction to the Buddhist Tantric Systems, transl. from

MKHAS GRUB RJE'S Rgud sde spyihi rnam par gzag pa rgyas par brjod, Delhi,

Motilal Banarsidass, 1968.

Levy-Bruhl, L., How Natives Think, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1985.

Libbrecht, Ulrich, Chinese Mathematics in the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge: MIT Press,

1973.

Ligeti, L., La Collection Mongole Schilling von Canstadt, Toung Pao, 27, 1930.

Ligeti, L., Rapport prliminaire d'un voyage d'exploration fait en mongolie chinoise 1928-

1931, Budapest: Otto Harrassowitz, 1933.

Ligeti, L., Catalogue du Kanjur mongol imprim, Budapest: Socit Krsi Csoma, 1944.

Ligeti, L., Monuments prclassiques I, Budapest: Akadmiai Kiad, 1970.

Ligeti, L., Les noms kalmouks des jours de la semaine, AOH 26 (1972): 371-375.

Ligeti, L., Les douze actes du Bouddha, Indices Verborum Linguae Mongolicae, Monumentis

Traditorum V, Budapest: Akadmiai Kiad, 1974.

Lindsay, Jack, Origins of astrology, London: 1971.

Lingat, R., Dharma et Temps, JA 249 (1961): 487.

Lippielle, T., Auspicious omens and miracles in ancient China, Han, Three Kingdoms and

Six Dynasties, Monumenta Serica Series XXXIX.

Liu, M., Madhyamaka Thought in China, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994.

Loewe, M., The Almanac (jih-shu) from Shui-hu-ti: a preliminary survey, AM 1.2 (1988):

1-27.

341
REFERENCES

Loewe, M., Divination, mythology and Monarchy in Han China, Cambridge, CUP, 1994.

Loewe, M. and Blacker, C., ed., Divination and Oracles, London: George Allen and Unwin,

1981.

Longrigg, James, The roots of all things, Isis 67 (1976): 420-438.

Longrigg, James, Elements an after: a study in Presocratic physics of the second half of the

fifth century, Apeiron 19 (1985): 93-115.

Lopez, Donald S., Jr., ed., Religions of India in Practice, Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press,

1995.

Lopez, Donald S., Jr., ed., Religions of China in Practice, Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press,

1996.

Lopez, Donald S., Jr., ed., Religions of Tibet in Practice, Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press,

1997.

Macey, Samuel L., The Dynamics of Progress: Time, Method, and Measure, Athens:Univ.

of Georgia Press, 1989.

Major, John S., Heaven and Earth in early Han thought: Chapters Three, Four and Five of

the Huainanzi, Albany: State University of NY Press, 1993.

Mankiewicz, Richard, The Story of Mathematics, Princeton: Princeton University Press,

2000.

Mathews, R. H., Mathews Chinese-English Dictionary, revised, American ed., Cambridge:

Harvard University Press, 2000.

342
REFERENCES

Mauss, Marcel, A General Theory of Magic, Brain, Robert, transl. from French, London:

Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972.

Meister, P. W., Buddhistiche Planetdarstellungen in China, OrE 1 (1954): 1-5.

Melville, C., "The Chinese-Uighur Animal Calendar in Persian Historiography of the

Mongol Period," Iran 32, 1994, pp. 83-98.

Meserve, Ruth, The snowcocks of Central Asia and Mongolia, The Black Master: essays

on Central Eurasia in honor of Gyrgy Kara on his 70th birthday, Wiesbaden:

Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005.

Miller, G. A., Different types of mathematical history, Isis, 4 (1921-2): 5-12.

Miller, Roy Andrew, Pleiades perceived: Mul.Mul to Subaru, JAOS 108 (1988): 1-26.

Miyawaki Junko, The nomadic kingship based on marital alliances: the case of the 17th-18th

century Oyirad, Proceedings of the 35th permanent international Altaistic

conference, Taipei, 1992: 361.

Miyawaki-Okada, Junko, "Women's property in history of Nomadic society," Altaic

Affinities, 2001, 82-89.

Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899/1960.

Montucla, Etienne, Histoire des mathematiques, 4 vol., Paris, 1799-1802.

Mostaert, A., Le Dialecte des Mongols Urdus (Sud). Etude Phontique, Anthropos XXI

(1926): 851-869.

Mostaert, A., Ordosica, Les noms de clan chez les Mongols Ordos dans Bull. no. 9 of the

Catholic University of Peking, Peking, 1934.

343
REFERENCES

Mostaert, A., Textes oraux ordos, Peiping: Unversitatis Catholicae, 1937.

Mostaert, A., Folklore Ordos (traduction des textes oraux ordos), Peiping: Catholic

University, 1947.

Mostaert, A., "Introduction," Erdeni-yin Tobi Mongolian Crhonicle by Sa(ang Seen,

Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1956.

Mostaert, A., "Matriaux ethnographiques relatifs aux Mongols Ordos," CAJ 2 (1956): 241-

294.

Mostaert, A., "A propos d'une prire au feu," American Studies in Altaic Linguistics, ed.,

Nicholas Poppe, Bloomington: Indiana University, 1962.

Mostaert, A., Dictionnaire ordos, New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1968. (reprint)

Mostaert, A., Manual of Mongolian Astrology and Divination, Cambridge: Harvard

University Press, 1969.

Mnkh-Ochir, D., Mongol Zurkhain Tkh [The history of Mongolian astrology],

Ulaanbaatar, 2000.

Mukhopadhyaya, Sujitkumar, ed., The rdlakarnvadna, Calcutta: Viabharati

Santiniketan, 1954.

Mushtaq, Q., Introduction: the mathematicians and their heritage, History of civilizations

of Central Asia, vols. IV, Unesco, 1992.

Nadeliaev, V. M., ed., Drevnetyurkskii Slovar, Leningrad: Nauka, 1969.

Namjildorji, Monggol undusuten-u dalu sinjilge [Mongolian scapulimancy], Kokeqota:

Obor Monggol-un Arad-un Keblel-un Qoriy-a, 1998.

344
REFERENCES

Nasanbuyan, D., Mongol em domyn zasal [Mongolian medical treatments], Ullanbaatar,

1991.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Science and Civilisation in Islam, Cambridge, 1968.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Islamic Science: an Illustrated Study, London, 1976.

Nattier, Jan, Once upon a future time: studies in a Buddhist prophecy of decline, Berkeley,

1992.

Naylor, P. I. H., Astrology: An Historical Examination, London: Robert Maxwell, 1967.

de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, Rne, The use of thread crosses, Eastern Anthropologist, 1

(1950): 65-87.

de Nebesky-Wojkowitz, Rne, Oracles and Demons of Tibet: The Cult and Iconography of

the Tibetan Protective Deities, The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1956.

Needham, J., "The Science of the Heavens," Science and Civilization in China, v. 3,

Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1959.

Needham, J., Wang Ling and Derek J. de Solla Price, Heavenly clockwork: the great

astronomical clocks of medieval China, Cambridge: CUP, 1960.

Needham, J., Time and knowledge in China and the West, The Voices of Time, J. T.

Fraser, ed., New York, 1966: 92-135.

Needham, J., "Roles of Europe and China in evolution of oecumenical science," JAH 1

(1967): 3.

Needham, Joseph, The Grand Titration: Science and Society in East and West, Toronto:

University of Toronto Press, 1970.

345
REFERENCES

Needham, J., "Astronomy in Ancient and Medieval China," Cosmic Perspectives, ed. S. K.

Biswas, Cambridge: CUP, 1989.

Neugebauer, O., The water clock in Babylonian astronomy, Isis 37 (1947): 37-43.

Neugebauer, O., Exact Science in Antiquity, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1951, 1968.

Neugebauer, O., A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy, 3 vols., Berlin, Springer-

Verlag, 1975.

Newman, John R., The Outer Wheel of Time: Vajrayana Buddhist Cosmology in the

Kalacakra Tantra, UMI, dissertation, 1987.

Newman, John, Klacakra, Encyclopedia of Buddhism, 2 vols., Robert E. Buswell, Jr., ed.,

MacMillan Reference USA, 2004: 408-411.

Ochirbat, D., Merge Tlg, Ulaanbaatar: Ulsyn Khevleliin Gazar, 1990.

Okada H., The Khan as the Sun, the Jinong as the Moon, Altaica Berolinensia: the

Concept of Sovereignty in the Altaic World [PIAC 34], Wiesbaden: Otto

Harrassowitz, 1993: 185.

Olschak, Blanche Christine, The art of healing in ancient Tibet, Ciba Symposium, 12

(1964): 129-34.

ONeil, W. M., Time and the calendars, Sydney University Press, 1975.

ONeil, W. M., Early astronomy: from Babylonia to Copernicus, Sydney: Sydney Univ.

Press, 1986.

Ovenden, M. W., The origin of the constellations, Philosophical Journal, 3 (1966): 1-18.

346
REFERENCES

Pallas, Peter Simon, Sammlungen historischer Nachrichten ber die mongolischen

Vlkerschaften, 2v., Graz: Akademische Druck, 1980.

Palmer, Martin, ed., T'ung Shu: The Ancient Chinese Almanac, Boston: Shambhala, 1986.

Pelliot, Paul, "Le cycle sexagnaire dans la chronologie tibtaine," JA, 11/1 (1913): 633-667.

Pelliot, P., Neuf notes sur des questions dAsie Centrale, TP 26 (1928): 201.

Pao, Kuo-yi, Marriage customs of a Khorchin village, CAJ 9 (1964): 29.

Parsons, James Bayard, Elements, Chemical, EB, 1956: 347-349.

Pauling, Linu Carl, Periodic Law, EB, 1956: 517-521.

Petri, Winfried, "Uigur and Tibetan lists of the Indian Lunar Mansions," Indian Journal of

History of Science, 1/2 (1966): 83-90.

Philip, James A., Pythagoras and Early Pythagoreanism, Toronto: Toronto University Press,

1966.

Pingree, David., "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran," Isis 54 (1963): 229-246.

Pingree, D., "Astrology," Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal

Ideas Vol. 1, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973.

Pingree, D., Greek influence on early Islamic mathematical astronomy, JAOS 93 (1973):

32-43.

Pingree, D., The Yavanajtaka of Sphujidhvaja, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 2 vols.,

1978.

347
REFERENCES

Pingree, D., Mesopotamian astronomy and astral omens in other civilizations,

Mesopotamien und seine Nachbarn, v. 2, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1978: 613-

631.

Pingree, D., From Astral Omens to Astrology: From Babylon to Bkner, Rome: Instituto

Italiano per L'Africa E L'Oriente, 1997.

Pingree, D., The Legacy of Mesopotamia, Legacies in Astronomy and Celestial Omens,

Oxford, 1998: 125-137.

Polo, Marco, The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and

Marvels of the East, Henry Yule, ed., 2 vols., London, John Murray, 1929.

Poppe, N., Leon Hurvitz, Hidehiro Okada, Catalogue of the Manchu-Mongol section of the

Toyo Bunko, Seattle: Univ. of Wash. Press, 1964.

Poppe, N., Grammar of Written Mongolian, Wiesbaden: O. Harr., 1954.

Poppe, N., "Introduction to Mongolian Comparative Studies," Suomalais-Ugrilaisen seuran

toimituksia/Mmoires de la Socit Finno-Ougrienne (110), Helsinki: Suomalais-

Ugrilainen Seura, 1955.

Poppe, N., The Twelve Deeds of Buddha: A Mongolian Version of the Lalitavistara,

Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1967.

Poppe, N., "Antoine Mostaert, C.I.C.M. August 10-1881-June 2, 1971," CAJ 15 (1971): 164-

169.

Popper Karl, The Open Universe: An Argument for Indeterminism, Totowa: Rowman and

Littlefield, 1982.

348
REFERENCES

Porter, Jonathan, Bureaucracy and science in early modern China: The Imperial

Astronomical Board in the Ching period, JOS 18 (1980): 61-76.

Poucha, Pavel, Mongolische Miszellen VII: Innerasiatische Chronologie, CAJ 7 (1962):

192-204.

Powers, John, Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism, Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 1995.

Pozdneev, A. M., Uchebnik tibetskoi meditsiny. S mongolskago I tibetskago pereved

(Textbook of Tibetan Medicine. Translated from the Mongolian and Tibetan), St.

Petersburg, 1908.

Pozdneyev, A. M., Mongolia and the Mongols, 2 vols., Bloomington: Indiana University,

1971.

Pozdneyev, A. M., Religion and Ritual in Society: Lamaist Buddhism in Late 19th-Century

Mongolia, Krueger, John R., transl. from Russian and ed., Bloomington: The

Mongolia Society, 1978.

Prigogine, I., The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature, New York:

The Free Press, 1997.

Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, Robbins, F. E., ed. and transl., Loeb Classical Library, 1980.

Pulleyblank, E.G., Late Middle Chinese, AM 16 (1971): 121-168.

Pulleyblank, E.G., Middle Chinese: A Study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University

of British Columbia Press, 1984.

de Rachewiltz, Igor, Index to the Secret History of the Mongols, Bloomington: Indiana

University, 1972.

349
REFERENCES

de Rachewiltz, Igor, "Yeh-l Ch'u--ts'ai (1189-1243): Buddhist Idealist and Confucian

Statesman," Confucian Personalities, Wright, Arthur F. and Twitchett, Denis, ed.,

Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1962: 189-216.

Rachmati, G. R., Eberhard, W., "Trkische Turfan-Texte VII," Sprachwissenschaftliche

Ergebnisse der deutschen Turfan-Forschung, Leipzig: Zentralantiquariat der

Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 1972. (Reprint)

Raghu Vira, Mongol-Sanskrit Dictionary with a Sanskrit-Mongol Index, New Delhi:

International Academy of Indian Culture, 1959. (Reprint)

Raghu Vira and Lokesh Chandra, ed., Klacakra-tantra and Other Texts, Part 1, New Delhi:

International Academy of Indian Culture, 1966.

Rechung Rinpoche Jampal Kunzang, Tibetan Medicine, Berkeley: UCP, 1973.

Reck, Christiane and Werner Sundermann, Ein illustrierter mittelpersischer manichishcer

Omen-Text aus Turfan, ZAS 27 (1997): 7-23.

Richards, E. G., Mapping time: the calendar and its history, Oxford, OUP, 1998.

Richer, Jean, Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks: Astrological Symbolism in Art,

Architecture, and Landscape, Rhone, Christine, transl., Albany: State University of

New York Press, 1994.

Richmond, B., Time measurement and calendar construction, Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1956.

Rintchen, Y., Manuscrits mongols de las collection du professeur I. Kowalewski

Vilnius,CAJ 19 (1975): 105.

350
REFERENCES

Rochberg-Halton, Francesca, Aspects of Babylonian Celestial Divination: the Lunar Eclipse

Tablest of Enma Anu Enlil, Ferdinand Berger & Shne, 1988.

Rochberg, F., Babylonian Horoscopes, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1998.

Rochberg, F., Empiricism in Babylonian omen texts and the classification of Mesopotamian

divination as science, JAOS 119 (1999): 559-569.

Roerich, Gerges de, Studies in Klacakra, Izbrannye trudy, Moscow, 1967: 153-164.

Rosiska, Grayna, Nasr al-Dn Ts and Ibn al-Shtir in Cracow? Isis 65 (1974): 239-

243.

Roy, A. E., The origin of the constellations, Vistas in Astronomy, 27 (1984): 171-97.

Rozycki, William, Petition by a Mongol landlord: a Tumed document from 1825, CAJ 46

(2002): 261-8.

Rupen, R. A., "Antoine Mostaert, C.I.C.M, and Comparative Mongolian Folklore," CAJ 1

(1955): 2-8.

Rybatzki, V., Names of the Months in Middle Mongolian, Altaica Budapestinensia [PIAC

45], Budapest, 2003: 256-290.

Sachau, Edward C., transl., Alberuni's India, [al-Biruni], NY: Norton, 1971.

Sa(ang Secen, Erdeni-yin Tobci (Precious Summary) II. Word-Index to the Urga Text,

prepared by I. de Rachewiltz and J. R. Krueger, Canberra: Australian National

University, 1991.

Saliba, G., A History if Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories during the Golden Age of

Islam, New York: New York University Press, 1994.

351
REFERENCES

Saliba, G., Artisans and mathematicians in medieval Islam, JAOS 119 (1999): 637-645.

de Santillana, Giorgio and Hertha von Decheng, Hamlets Mill: an Essay on Myth and the

Frame of Time, Boston: Gambit, 1969.

Srkzi, A., A Pre-classical Mongolian prophetic book, AOH 24 (1971): 41.

Srkzi, Alice, [review of]: Reverend Antoine Mostaert: Manual of Mongolian astrology

and divination, MSJ 2 (1975): 155-156.

Srkzi, Alice, A Mongolian manual of divination by means of characteristics of the land,

Tractata Altaica, Wiesbaden, 1976: 583-604.

Srkzi, A., Precious message from heaven. A Mongolian prophetic book of Chinese

origin, CAJ 23 (1979): 271.

Srkzi, A., "A Mongolian Text of Exorcism," Schamanism in Eurasia, II, Gottingen:

Edition Herodot, 1984.

Srkzi, A., A text of popular religious belief cutting off the lasso, AOH 39 (1985): 39-

44.

Srkzi, A., A Bon funeral rite in lamaist Mongolia, Synkretismus in den Religionen

Zentralasiens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1987: 119-135.

Srkzi, A., "Symbolism in Exorcizing the Evil Spirits,"Religious and lay symbolism in the

Altaic world and other papers, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1989: 314-323.

Srkzi, A., Political Prophecies in Mongolia in the 17-20th Centuries, Wiesbaden: Otto

Harrassowitz, 1992.

352
REFERENCES

Srkzi, A., Mandate of Heaven. Heavenly Support of the Mongol Ruler, Altaica

Berolinensia: the Concept of Sovereignty in the Altaic World [PIAC 34], Wiesbaden:

Otto Harrassowitz, 1993: 215.

Srkzi, A., ed. in collaboration with Jnos Szerb, A Buddhist Terminological Dictionary,

the Mongolian Mahvyutpatti, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1995.

Sarton, G., Laplaces religion, Isis 33 (1941): 309-312.

de Saussure, L., "Le cycle de Jupiter," TP 9 (1908): 455-502.

de Saussure, Lopold, "Les origines de l'astronomie chinoise: G. Le Cycle de Jupiter," TP

14 (1913): 387-426.

de Saussure, Le symtrie du zodiaque lunaire asiatique, JA 14 (1919): 141.

de Saussure, Le cycle des douze animaux et le symbolisme cosmologique des Chinois, JA

15 (1920): 55.

de Saussure, Le systme cosmologique sino-iranien, JA 202 (1923): 235.

de Saussure, La srie septnaire, cosmologique et plantaire, JA 204 (1924): 333.

de Saussure, L., Les Origines de lAstronomie chinoise, Paris: Maissoneuve, 1930.

Sayili, Aydin, Turkish medicine, Isis 26 (1936): 403-414.

Sayili, Aydin, The Observatory in Islam and its Place in the General History of the

Observatory, Ankara: Trk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1960.

Sazykin, A. Katalog Mongoliskikh Rukopecei i Ksilografov Instituta Vostokovedeniia

Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 1, Moskva: Nauk, 1988.

353
REFERENCES

Sazykin, "Catalogue of the Mongol Manuscripts and Xylographs Preserved in the Library of

the Tuvan Ethnographical Museum 'Sixty Heroes' (KYZYL)," AOH 47(3), 1994:

327-407.

Scharfe, Harmut, Doctrine of the three humors in traditional Indian medicine, JAOS 119

(1999): 609-629.

Schiffeler, John W., The origin of Chinese folk medicine, Asian Folklore Studies 35

(1976): 17-35.

Schiffeler, John W., Chinese folk medicine: a study of the Shan-hai ching, Asian Folklore

Studies 39 (1980): 41.

Schimmel, Annemarie, The mystery of numbers, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Schipper, Kristofer and Wang Hsiu-Huei, "Progressive and Regressive Time Cycles in

Taoist Ritual," Time, Science, and Society in China and the West, Frazer, J. T., ed.

et al., Amherst: Univ. of Mass. Press, 1986: 185-205.

Schlegel, Gustave, Uranographie chinoise, 2 vols., Brill, 1967/1875.

Schlegel, Gustave, Uranographie chinoise: Atlas cleste, chinois et grec, Brill, 1967/1875.

Schuh, Dieter, Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik und Astronomie in Tibet, Teil I,

Elementare Arithmetik, ZAS 4: (1970): 81.

Schuh, D., Zur Geschichte der tibetischen Kalenderrechnung, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner

Verlag GMBH, 1973.

Sela, Ron, Ritual and Authority in Central Asia: the Khans inauguration ceremony, Papers

on Inner Asia, vol. 37, 2003.

354
REFERENCES

Semiov, Boris Vladimirovi, Die tibetische Medizin bei den Buryaten. Die buryatisch-

mongolische Expedition des Botanischen Gartens der Russischen Akademie der

Wissenschaften, Janus, 39 (1935): 1-36.

Serruys, H,, "A Mongol Horoscope of the Year 1914," CAJ 18/3 (1974)a: 175-179.

Serruys, Henry, Four manuals for marriage ceremonies among the Mongols, Part I, ZAS

8 (1974)b: 247.

Serruys, Henry, Four manuals for marriage ceremonies among the Mongols (Part II), ZAS

9 (1975): 275.

Serruys, H., "A Catalogue of Mongolian Manuscripts from Ordos," JAOS, 95/2 (1975): 191-

208.

Serruys, Paul, Les Crmonies du Mariage, Folklore Studies 3 (1944): 73-154, pt. 2, 77-

129.

Shagdarsuren, Ts., Die traditionelle mongolische Medizin, Die Mongolen, Innsbruck,

1989: 272.

Shigeru Nakayama, "Characteristics of Chinese Astrology," Isis 57 (1966): 442-453.

Sinha, Braj M., Time and temporality in Smkhya-Yoga and Abhidharma Buddhism, New

Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1983.

Sivin, N., Cosmos and Computation in early Chinese mathematical astronomy, Leiden,

1969.

355
REFERENCES

Sivin, N. "On the Limits of Empirical Knowledge in the Traditional Chinese Sciences,"

Time, Science, and Society in China and the West, Frazer, J. T., ed. et al., Amherst:

Univ. of Mass. Press, 1986: 151-169.

Smith, David E., History of Mathematics, Boston: Ginn and Co., 1923.

Smith, Eli, transl., Treatise on Arab Music Chiefly from the Work of Mikhil Meshkah of

Damascus, JAOS 1 (1843): 171-217.

Smith, Richard J., Fortune Tellers and Philosophers: Divination in Traditional Chinese

Society, Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.

Smith, Richard J., Chinese Almanacs, Hong Kong: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992.

Sodobilig, asin-u Toli [Dictionary of religion], Kkeqota], br Mong(ol-un Sur(an

Kmjil-n Keblel-n Qoriy-a, 1996.

Soothill, W. E. and Lewis Hodous, A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist terms: With Sanskrit

and English equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index, Richmond: Curzon Press, 1995.

Sopa, Geshe Lhundub, Jackson, Roger and Newman, John, The Wheel of Time: The

Klachakra in Context, Madison: Deer Park Books, 1985.

von Stal-Holstein, Baron A., On the Sexagenary Cycle of the Tibetans, MS 1 (1935-6):

277-314.

Stall, Julius D. W., F. R. A. S., Stars of Jade, Decatur: Writ Press, 1984.

Starr, I., Rituals of the Diviner, Malibu: Undena Publications, 1983.

Stcherbatsky, Th., Buddhist Logic, Volume I, The Hague: Mouton & Co./'S-Gravenhage,

1958. (Reprint)

356
REFERENCES

Stone, Anthony P., Hindu Astrology: Myths, Symbols and Realities, New Delhi: Select

Books Publishers & Distributors, 1981.

Stough, Charlotte, "Stoic Determinism and Moral Responsibility," The Stoics, Rist, John M.,

ed., Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1878: 203-232.

Sun Xiaochun and Kistemaker, J., The Chinese Sky During the Han, Lieden: Brill, 1997.

Swerdlow, N. M. and Neugebauer, O., Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus's De

Revolutionibus, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1984.

Tamura Jitsuzo, et al., transl., Wu ti ching wen chien, Kyoto, 1966.

Tatr, M., Tragic and Stranger Ongons Among the Altaic Peoples, Altaistic Studies,

Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1985.

Tekin, Talat, The Irk Bitig, the Book of Omens, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag, 1993.

Terbish, L., XVII Jarny Olon Urt Khemeekh Shoroon Er Bars Jiliin Tsag Toollyn Bichig.

1998-1999, Ulaanbaatar.

Tester, S. J., A History of Western Astrology, The Boydell Press, 1987.

Thompson, R. C., The Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Ninevah and Babylon

in the British Museum, London: Luzac & Co., 1900, v. 1-2.

Thomsen, Vilhelm, "Dr. M. A. Stein's Manuscripts in Turkish "Runic" script from Miran and

Tun-huang," JRAS (1912): 181-227.

Thorndike, A History of Magic and Experimental Science, 8 v., New York: Macmillan,

1923-58.

357
REFERENCES

Thorndike, L., The true place of astrology in the history of science, Isis 46 (1955): 273-

278.

Trusted, Jennifer, Physics and Metaphysics: Theories of Space and Time, London:

Routledge, 1991.

Tsevel, Ia., Mongol Khelnii Tovch Tailbar Tol', Ulsyn Khevleliin Khereg Erkhlekh Khoroo,

Ulaanbaatar, 1966.

Tucci, G., Tibetan painted scrolls, 2 vols., Rome, 1949/Kyoto: Rinsen Book Co., Ltd., 1980.

Tucci, Giuseppe, The Religions of Tibet, Samuel, Geoffrey, transl. from German and Italian,

Berkeley, University of California Press, 1970.

Tumbaa, Kh., translit., Mongol emiin jor [Mongolian medical prescriptions], Ulaanbaatar,

Ulsyn Khevleliin Gazar, 1990.

Turetzky, Philip, Time, London: Routledge, 1998.

Uray, Gza, The Earliest Evidence of the use of the Chinese sexagenary cycle in Tibetan,

Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, vol. 2, 1984: 341-360.

Van der Kuijp, Leonard, The Klacakra and the patronage of Tibetan Buddhism by the

Mongol Imperial Family, Central Eurasian Studies Lectures 4, Bloomington:

Indiana University, 2004.

Van Hecken, Joseph, Antoine Mostaert C.I.C.M. (1881-1971), Neue Zeitschrift fr

Missionswissenschaft, vol. 2, Beckenried, 1972: 30-94, 185-199.

Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakoabhsyam, transl., Louis de La Valle Poussin, transl. Leo M.

Pruden, Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1988.

358
REFERENCES

Veith, I., Classical Internal Medicine of the Yellow Emperor, Berkeley, 1966.

Vogel, Claus, On Bu-stons view of the eight parts of Indian medicine, Indo-Iranian

Journal, 6 (1963): 290-5.

Vogel, Claus, "On Tibetan Chronology," CAJ 9 (1964): 224-238.

Vogel, Claus, A note on Chronology, CAJ 9 (1964): 312.

Vreeland, H. H., Mongol Community and Kinship Structures, New Haven, 1967.

Waddell, L. Austine, Buddhism & Lamaism of Tibet, New Delhi: Gaurav Publishing House,

1978. (Reprint)

Waley, Arthur, The Way and Its Power: A Study of the TAO TE CHING and Its Place in

History, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1942.

Wayman, Alex, Buddhist tantric medicine theory on behalf of oneself and others, Kailash

1/2 (1973): 153-158.

Wayman, Alex, Aspects of Hindu and Buddhist Tantra, The Tibet Journal 1/3 (1976): 32-

44.

Westcott, W. Wynn, Numbers: Their Occult Power and Mystic Virtue, Being a Rsum of

the Views of the Kabbalists, Pythagoreans, Adepts of India, Chaldean Magi, and

Medeival Magicians, London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1890.

Wilhelm, Hellmut, and Wilhelm, Richard, Understanding the I Ching: The Lectures on the

Book of Changes, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960.

Wilkinson, Endymion, Chinese History, a Manual, Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1998.

359
Williams, C.A.S, Chinese symbolism and art motifs, Rutland: Charles E. Tuttle Co.,

1996/1941.

Wong, E., The Shambala Guide to Taoism, Boston: Shambala, 1997.

Wu-Ti Ching-Wn-Chien (pentaglot dictionary), transl. Jitsuzu Tamura, et al., Kyoto:

Kyoto University, 1968.

Wylie, Turrell, A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription, HJAS 22 (1959): 261-267.

Yampolsky, Philip, The origin of the twenty-eight Lunar Mansions, Osiris, 9 (1950): 62-

83.

Yel Chucai, Xi zheng gengwu yuanli [Yuan Dynasty calendar of the gengwu year (1210)

made during the western expedition (of Chinggis Khan)], juan 56-57 of the Yuanshi.

Young, M. J. L. "An Arabic Almanac of Favourable and Unfavourable Days," Journal of

Semitic Studies 27:2 (1982), 261-278.

Yule, Henry, Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China,

Nendeln: Kraus Reprint, 1967/1866.

Yuanshi, Song Lian, et al., ed., Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1976.

Zrcher, E., The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in

Early Medieval China, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1972.

360
 TRANSCRIPTION

[1v]

deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id-aa

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad

deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id

blam-a Manjuari-dur mrgmi. nemleky-yin

qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i

uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigten

tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki busu bgetele. (urban

a(-un uqa(-a edi bodgalis-dur ina(u[n]ki

terigten itn barildaqui iles keregt kemen

burqan bodis[n]g-nar a(-un krdn ba.

Jagr-a sambur-a terigten kiged Maq-a mayai

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-

nu(ud-tur nom'la(san ba yirtin-deki ng

bilig olu(san Manjuari tngri kiged

ari ba to(-a kiged to(an-u a'i r-e-yi

a(ui yeke delgerenggi iglbe [=eglbe]. tabun

oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari

gler-n. (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar

arilu(sad ta kiiyel tu(urbil kereglegdek

361
TRANSCRIPTION

busu bges ber (urban a(-i uqa(-a inaru

ir(alang-<y>i ksebes egni kiiyegdeki kemen

nomla(san-u tulada. (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua

(urban to(-a kiged-<y>i ari(un takin-a yamparilan

uqa(ulqui anu. ilau tegs ngigsen

[2r]

burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a

a(-un krdn-dr tabun gara( kiged qamtudquy-yin

ir(u(an qubi-dur it ndsn- geign-i

nigleski gara( ba edr-n ileg duta(uu odun

na(idar-un krdn qono(-un (urban il il(al

terigten-i medegdek-yin itgen teyin bged

arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur

nomlauqui. ende amitan-u itegel burqan-u

qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g in qara Kitad-un

oron-dur to(-a terigten-i eglgi buyu.

Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu. Enedk[e]g-ee

ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur

nomlar-un qara Kitad-un to(-a bged tere dotoraa

(aru(san astir-tur bertegin kbegn iles

362
TRANSCRIPTION

iledk bges. ineleki sara alimad inu Kitad-un

astir-aa uqa(daqui kemeki. tere ya(un-u tula

kemebes Kitad-tur qaburun terign sarayin arbun

tabun-a Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim. tegn-

tula Mig sara ebesn- ndsn kkemi kemegsen ba

Kitad to(alaqui astir-tur qaburun terign

sarayin arban (urban-a Baras edr-<y>i klgelen

kdelge Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad. Bus

na(idar-tu trgi. kemen nomla(san-i tayilbasu

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au nigen

inede iroi odun-iyar ekilegsen- yosu(ar

to(olabasu arban (urban Baras edr Modun

[2v]

odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr

Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai. basa Kitad-un

Lii du ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig sara-yi

qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai. tegn-

tulada. qutu(tu Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar qaburun terign Baras sara-yi

Qubi sara bol(au inelegsen-ee ekilen to(olau

363
TRANSCRIPTION

arban qoyar sarayin to(-a kiged odun ba na(idar-un

uaral naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui qariqui ba.

abqu gegeky-yin il(al ba. Enedk[e]g-n yosu(ar arban

qoyar itn barildaqui to(-a basa edr sni-yin

a( mi-yin qubi terigten-i yirtin-tekin-

obalang-i aril(au amu(ulang ir(alang-i trglk-yin

tulada. ari(un gegen-e iruqai-dur tegi okiyabai.

ende nara urbaqui odun terigten-i Enedk[e]g-n yosu(ar

ar(-a uqaqui busu bges ba Baras Morin Noqai

sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki terigten Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai. na(idar anu burqan-u

nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai.

arban qoyar itn barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin

ndsn-ee Nagajun-a-yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai.

il kiged naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba

i(ulqui qariqui ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigten-i

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai. tegn- tula

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a egdeki buyu.

[3r]

364
TRANSCRIPTION

basa il ur(uquy-yin terign-dr inelek inu a(-un

krdn-dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi

il-n terign bol(au qa(uin nabi una(ad

in-e nabi uquyiqui-dur inelemi. Bajar dagini-yin

ndsn kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar

sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr

inelemi. Kitad-un to(oin-u Bus sar-a (aar-un ene

oron ulari(ad to(osun bariu Mig sar-a-yi qaburun

terign sar-a bol(au inelemi. yer Sua( sar-a

terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-

iyer nereyidk inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada.

ene yosu(ar egdek. basa to(an-u yosun-

dur qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medek

kereg. tere qono( tasuraqui inu ene il-dr arban

qoyar sara bui. ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui.

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono(

gei bui. tegber ir(u(an qono( tasuramui. nara

emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui-dur nara

keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono(

tasuramui. tegni qolidqabasu (urban il-dr nigen

saban sar-a bolumui. Nagajun-a ba(i terigten

365
TRANSCRIPTION

merged a(-un krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui.

tegn-dr basa ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu

deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terign Baras

sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e. Taulai sara-dur

(uin qono(gey-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg

[3v]

bolumui. basa Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui

bgetel-e. Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin

tula arban drben inu arban tabun bolumui. basa

Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e Qonin

sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tulada. uriduilan

buyu. basa Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e

Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabungey-yin tulada. uriduilan

buyu. basa Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e

'aqai sara-dur (uingey-yin tulada. uriduilan buyu

basa Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e

ker sara-dur arban tabungey-yin tulada buyu kemen

glemi. basa Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal inu tabun

il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui. kememi.

366
TRANSCRIPTION

Nagajuna-yin ta(alal inu qono( tasura(san ir(u(an

sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu qa(uin-dur

tasuraqu tegn belge inu nigen nidn-iyer ebes

ene edr-n (ada(adu na(idar inu sar-a-u urida

nggereged mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar inu

tasuraqu bolbasu tere edr qono( tasura(san-i

uqa(daqui. tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i

il(au edgeki. basa nara emnei odqui ba.

umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui anu

ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bgetel-e nara oron-

ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui. tegni

qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i

[4r]

to(alaqu gey-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememi.

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a il-dr

qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar. Taulai il-dr un-u

dumdadu sar-a qoyar. Morin il-dr namurun dumdadu

sara qoyar. Takiy-a il-dr ebln dumdadu

sara qoyar. tede basa saban sara-dur odun na(idar

eki bui bges mn tere sara-yi qoyar ta

367
TRANSCRIPTION

egdeki buyu. teyin ese ebes qono( tasura(san

kiged saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu

sayin ma(u ai r-e inu l bty. kemen

Nagajuna ba(i nomlaba. saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

basa eden-i sudulju bgde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu

bol(an ebes qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer

l bol(an kiiyen egdeki. arim sar-a-dur

urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui. arim

sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui.

tegber sara degrki bara(daquy-yi medegdeki. ber

ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-

duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki basa egni arli(

nom kiged Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n

ta(alal inu busu buyu kemebes. b-n a(tur

nara sara mr tgerek kiged il sara mi-yin

a(ur okiramui kemen sudur-tur nomla(san-u

tulada bolai. (urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a

bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal inu nigen

bolu(san bolai. yer ede to(-a to(alaqui inu

[4v]

368
TRANSCRIPTION

endegrelgegy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeki

kereg. tegni medeki-dr nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i

nasuda inileki kereg tegn-dr basa sar-a-yi ali

na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui

medek kereg. tegni medeki-dr sar-a-yin to(-a

medeki kereg buyu. basa tende aliba odun na(idar-<y>i

endegre ese medebes ba. o(tar(uy-yi eglen

brk odun na(idar-i l medek bges

tegni medeki ar(-a inu mana(ar erte bosu(ad

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau in-e debel ems

ssg sedkil egske aliba ta(alaqui g

(ada(i odbasu belge inu tere edr Modun

odun bges tarnii kmn ba. emi otai

kmn ba. ese bges keger-e moritu kmn-dr

ol(oqu. Naran odun bges aq-a yeke kmn ba

a(an mori unu(san ba a(an debel emsgsen ba

a(an noqai ktelgsen ba egei kmn-dr

ol(oqu. 'al odun bges egerde qalan

morin unu(san ba. bombo kmn ba ula(an debelt

kmn ba ese bges degerem qula(ayii ba

keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu. iroi odun

369
TRANSCRIPTION

bges toyin kmn ba qong(or morin unu(san ba

qonin ada(ula(san ba ai ina(san ba

qoyar yaba(an ker unu(sun ba. ese bges

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge ba nidn-d gem-d

kmn-d ol(aqui. Altan odun bges

[5r]

noyan kmn ba niglt kmn ba. dooridu ma(u

kmn ba. ese bges kke boro mori unu(san

ba. qudalduin-lu(-a ol(aqu. Sara odun bges

bombo kmn ba qara kmn ba. ese bges qara

morin unu(san ba. usu egrgsen kmn-lge

ol(aqu. Usun odun bges ker unu(san ba.

qara morin unu(san. ba menekii met qara kmn ba

ese bges qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e kmn-dr

ol(aqu. ede belges-lu(-a [=belges-lge] tokiyaldu(ulu

edr-n odun-i medek bolai. edr-n odu-yi

medebes na(idar-<y>i tegber medek bolai.

basa a(-un il(al-<y>i medesgei kemebes nigen

gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au

to(alaqui inu eng terign gan kiged nige

370
TRANSCRIPTION

da(un kemek qoyar il buyu. eng terign gan

kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-

iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu.

tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin

tula. nigen da(un (arumui. tegber iran

da(un nigen me. (uin mi nigen qubi

(uin qubi nigen qono(. (uin qono(

nigen sar-a. arban qoyar sar-a nigen il. tegn-

ee qolidqau ligsen-i [=legsen-i] saban sara

bolumui. basa dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebes

bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi

to(alau (urban a(un iran bol(abasu nigen

[5v]

dusul bolumui. tere kemebes tngri-nern

nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu bolumui.

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui. qubi

to(alaqui-dur ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen

me iran mi nigen qubi nigen qubi-dur

nigen dusul qoyar qubi nigen tediken kememi.

iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui.

371
TRANSCRIPTION

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui.

qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui

ebln dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa

ekilen to(alau ir(u(an sar-a bged ir(u(an

qono( bolbasu nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g

urbau nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad

edr sni sau(uu bolumui. edr arban tabun

tediken qubi. sni arban tabun tediken

qubi. edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an

tediken qubi bolumui. edr sni qoyar-<y>i

ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek ba.

ba(uraqu-bar edr sni inu urtu ba oqor

bolumui. tegber urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu

inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an edr

ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au

urbalgegy-e to(ala(daqui. nara emnei

odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu

nigen il bolumui. basa nigen il dolo(an qubi-du

modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu.

[6r]

372
TRANSCRIPTION

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara

bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu

modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu

ir(u(an qubi bolumui. tegn-ee niiged niiged

gertr yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi

segder (arumui. tende-ee nara umar-a g

odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr

dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui.

tegne niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged

niiged qubi segder neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr

krbes nigen il bolumui. tegber qoyar deb-dr edr

sni sau(uu bolu(san tere a(-tur qoyar deb-dr

edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui. qabur namarun

a(ur basa tegnilen bolumui. dolo(an qubi-du modun-

iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe.

basa nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin

yosun inu nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu.

egni arban qoyar a(tur qubiyau amui. nigen a(tur

naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui. arban

qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui. arban adqu bolbasu nigen

373
TRANSCRIPTION

qubi bui. tegber tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur

a(-i quriyau amui. basa dngi bolbasu ebln

nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui.

n un bolbasu Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu

un bolbasu Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer

[6v]

bayiqu aji bolbasu un-u nara bayiqu egn-ee qoyin-a [ni]

ulam urtuddumui. basa Qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben

me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui. qoyitu drben mi

mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui. nara ur(u(-a edgy-e

arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge ese

tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui. tanibasu edr-dr

(ada(adu bui. nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e

(aar-a kmn- ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui.

ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui. basa kedber

merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei kemebes

egni narin-a egdeki. (urban a(un iran ir(u(an

edr-i nigen on bol(au bui blge. edged-n nigen

on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au to(alabasu

ir(u(an edr lemi. basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi

374
TRANSCRIPTION

ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au to(alabasu

basa ir(u(an edr lemi. (urban on-dur (uin

ir(u(an edr bolumui. (uin edr-<y>i in nigen

saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu lemui.

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu

ligsen [=legsen] ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen

saban sara bolumui. saban sara-yi oroi(ulqui

ar(-a kemebes nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on-u

aliba sara saban bges tere sara edge irek on-u

saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui. din dolo(an

on-du saban gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi

egdeki. aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur

[7r]

gei bges tere saban sara bolumui. ene

saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui. sabangey-

ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui. nggeregsen

isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun edge

ene on-u Qubi sarayin nigen inide

tokiyaldumui. saras-un yeke ken-i irek

bges mn egn-ee eregdeki.

375
TRANSCRIPTION

ene on uu [=yuu] sui. qoyitu on

li un. tegn-dr ba a i

kemek-ee ali il tus bolbasu

l yegdken Qulu(an-a-aa

teriglen ali il bges

qoyitu qoyar il qaburun

ekin bolumui.

[7v]

a yii [=i] yile ii geng yile bing in yile ding im yile uu gi yile
bing baras uu baras ging baras im baras a baras
sara sara sara sara sara
ding taulai gii taulai in taulai gi taulai ii taulai
sara sara sara sara sara
uu luu ging luu im luu a luu bing luu
sara sara sara sara sara
gi mo(ai in mo(ai gi mo(ai ii mo(ai ding mo(ai
sara sara sara sara sara
ging morin im morin a morin bing morin uu morin
sara sara sara sara sara
in qonin gi qonin ii qonin ding qonin gii qonin
sara sara sara sara sara
im bein a bein bing bein uu bein ging bein
sara sara sara sara sara
gi takiy-a ii takiy-a ding takiy-a gi takiy-a in takiy-a
sara sara sara sara sara

376
TRANSCRIPTION

a noqai bing noqai uu noqai ging noqai im noqai

sara sara sara sara sara
ii (aqai ding (aqai gi (aqai in (aqai gi (aqai
sara sara sara sara sara
bing qulu(an-a uu qulu(an-a ging qulu(an-a im qulu(an-a a qulu(an-a
sara sara sara sara sara
ding ker gi ker in ker gi ker ii ker
sara sara sara sara sara
arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn ene bui.

a gi [=i] edr ii geng edr bing in edr ding im edr uu gi edr

ding taulai gi taulai in taulai gi taulai ii taulai
a( a( a( a( a(
uu luu ging luu im luu a luu bing luu
a( a( a( a( a(
gi mo(ai in mo(ai gi mo(ai ii mo(ai ding mo(ai
a( a( a( a( a(
ging morin im morin a morin bing morin uu morin
a( a( a( a( a(
in qonin gi qonin ii qonin ding qonin gi qonin
a( a( a( a( a(
im bein a bein bing bein uu bein ging bein
a( a( a( a( a(
gi takiy-a ii takiy-a ding takiy-a gi takiy-a in takiy-a
a( a( a( a( a(
a noqai bing noqai uu noqai ging noqai im noqai
a( a( a( a( a(
ii (aqai ding (aqai gii (aqai in (aqai gi (aqai
a( a( a( a( a(
bing qulu(an-a uu qulu(an-a ging qulu(an-a im qulu(an-a a qulu(an-a
a( a( a( a( a(

377
TRANSCRIPTION

ding ker gi ker in ker gi ker ii ker

a( a( a( a( a(
uu baras ging baras im baras a baras bing baras
a( a( a( a( a(

[8r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln es Mig sara.

tariyain-dur qaburun dumdadu sara. qara Kitad-un

to(ain-dur qaburun terign sara. Tbed-dr Baras

sara. Mong(ol-tur Qubi sara kemem. Baras sara mn-

tula belge inu baras ula(alamui. o(tar(ui-dur Mig

na(idar-iyar r geyim. (aar-tur dula(an-u

a(ur ken oromui. a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a

dolo(an in-e-de irgemi. ene sara kemebes

burqan im[n]us kiged ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau

yeke riddi qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara bolai.

nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-

teki darasun amtatu bolumui. edr qorin ir(u(an

qubi sni (uin drben qubi. arban tabun-a luus-un

qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui. usun-u dotor-a

i(asun gimi. salkin-u a( ekilemi. qong keriy-e

egr-iyen asamui. qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad

tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemi.

378
TRANSCRIPTION

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emn-e. oliy-a mr rn-e

yeke tngri doron-a. itgen eke Takiy-a (aar-a

qo(osun qumq-a rn-e bui. Qubi sara oron-a

sa(ubasu ola gbes qutu( oroi(ulbasu

takil gbes sayin. tayisui emn-e. janggn doron-a

Luu edr (okimui. Mo(ai edr obalang-un tngri yabumui.

Qulu(an-a edr tngri-yin (al. Mo(ai edr l sedk ula(an aa(ai.

Baras modun erlig. ker kln een Noqai (aar-un (al.

[8v]

nigen in-e iroi odun arban nigen 'al odun qorin nigen Altan odun
kn tegs Tanista baras meks Ardar qulu(an-a tegs Sua( noqai abqui
mungqa( yilig doron-a trki doron-a umar-a
qoyar in-e Naran kn arban qoyar Usun odun qorin qoyar iroi odun
tegs Sadabis taulai ba(uram Burnavasu ker tegs Anurad (aqai bolqui
iledki yilig emn-e telki kki emn-e emn-e
(urban in-e Saran odun arban (urban Modun odun qorin (urban Naran odun
ba(uram Burvabadaribad ebderek Bus baras meks ista qulu(an-a
luu medeki yilig doron-a mungqa( umar-a trki umar-a
drben in-e 'al odun arban drben Altan odun qorin drben Saran odun
meks Udaribadaribad tegs Asli( taulai iledki ba(uram Mul ker telki
mo(ai ngge ni(ur yilig doron-a kki rn-e
doron-a.
tabun in-e Usun odun arban tabun iroi odun qorin tabun 'al odun
ba(uram Rivadi morin tegs Mig luu medeki meks Burvasad baras
ir(u(an orod umar-a. umar-a mungqa( doron-a

379
TRANSCRIPTION

ir(u(an in-e Modun arban ir(u(an Naran odun qorin ir(u(an Usun
odun ebderek Aivani meks Burvabalguni ba(uram Udarisad taulai
qonin krteki emn-e mo(ai ner-e ngge rn-e iledki emn-e
dolo(an in-e Altan odun arban dolo(an Saran odun qorin dolo(an Modun
tegs Barani bein sereki ba(uram Udaribalguni odun ebderek Abiji luu
umar-a morin ir(u(an orod medeki umar-a doron-a
doron-a
naiman in-e iroi odun arban naiman 'al odun qorin naiman Altan odun
tegs Kerteg takiy-a meks Qasta qonin tegs irvang mo(ai ner-e
quriaqui umar-a krteki emn-e ngge umar-a
isn in-e Naran odun arban isn Usun odun qorin isn iroi odun tegs
meks Rkini noqai abqui ba(uram Jayitari bein Tanista morin jir(u(an
doron-a sereki umar-a doron-a orod rn-e
arban in-e Saran odun qorin-a Modun odun (uin-a Naran odun meks
ba(uram Margiar (aqai ebderek Suvadi takiy-a Sadabis qonin krteki
bolqui doron-a quriaqui emn-e rn-e.

[9r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr qaburun terign Udaribalguni

sara. tariyain-dur qaburun es sara. qara Kitad-un

to(ain-dur qaburun dumdadu sara. Tbed-dr Taulai

sara. Mong(ol-dur Qoyar sara. Taulai sara mn- tula

belge inu modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede

ide addu(ad qoiyalamui o(tar(ui-tur

Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim (aar-tur

dula(an-u a(ur oromui. (aar usun m gesmi

380
TRANSCRIPTION

i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui. qong keriy-e ugiyaqui

isun oromui. naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula

usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi. edr qorin naiman qubi

sni (uin qoyar qubi. qorin nigen-e r-e tariyan-u

sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi. amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a.

oli(-a mr rn-e umar-a. yeke tngri emn-e.

qo(osun qumqa itgen- eke ker (aar-a

qoyar sarada qudaldu keyibes erig mordobasu

busud-i ar(adabasu sayin. tayisui emn-e

Janggn doron-a ker edr (okimui. Baras edr

obalang-un tngri yabumui. Taulai edr tngri-yin (al.

Takiy-a edr l sedk. Takiy-a edr ula(an

aa(ai. Mo(ai modun erlig. noqai kln ein.

Takiy-a (aar-un (al. Luu sarayin (al.

[9v]

nigen in-e Saran odun arban nigen Modun odun qorin nigen Naran odun
tegs Burvabadaribad tegs Bus morin ir(u(an ista luu medeki doron-a
bein sereki yilig emn-e orod rn-e
qoyar in-e 'al odun arban qoyar Altan odun qorin qoyar Saran odun
ba(uram Udaribadaribad meks Asli( qonin tegs Mul mo(ai ner-e
takiy-a quraaqui yilig krteki rn-e. ngge rn-e umar-a
doron-a

381
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban in-e Usun odun arban (urban iroi odun qorin (urban 'al odun
tegs Rivadi noqai abqui ebderek Mig bein serki ba(uram Burvasad morin
jilig doron-a ir(u(an orod rn-e
doron-a
drben in-e Modun odun arban drben Naran odun qorin drben Usun odun
tegs Aivani (aqai bolqui ba(uram Burvabalguni tegs Udarisad qonin
yilig rn-e takiy-a quriaqui emn-e krteki umara.
tabun in-e Altan odun arban tabun Saran odun qorin tabun Modun odun
meks Barani qulu(an-a tegs Udaribalguni noqai tegs Abiji bein sereki
trki rn-e abqui umar-a emn-e
ir(u(an in-e iroi odun arban ir(u(an 'al odun qorin ir(u(an Altan odun
ebderek Kerteg ker ba(uram Qasta (aqai meks irvan takiy-a
telki kki rn-e bolqui. umar-a quriaqui rn-e
dolo(an in-e Naran odun arban dolo(an usun [odun] qorin dolo(an iroi odun
ba(uram Rkini baras meks Jayitari qulu(an-a ebderek Tanista noqai
mungqa( doron-a trki emn-e. abqui emn-e
naiman in-e Saran odun arban naiman Modun odun qorin naiman Naran odun
tegs Margiar taulai tegs Suvadi ker telki ba(uram Sadabis (aqai
iledki kki rn-e bolqui umar-a
doron-a
isn in-e 'al odun arban isn Altan odun qorin isn Saran odun
ba(uram Ardar luu meks ua( baras tegs Burvabadaribad
medeki emn-e mungqa( doron-a. qulu(an-a trki doron-a

arban in-e Usun odun qorin-a iroi odun ebderk (uin-a 'al odun ba(uram
tegs Burnavasu mo(ai Anurad taulai iledki Udaribadaribad ker
ner-e ngge rn-e rn-e telki kki doron-a
emn-e

[10r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari

sara. tariyain-dur un-u terign sara. qara Kitad-un

382
TRANSCRIPTION

to(ain-dur qaburun es sara. Tbed-dr Luu sara.

Mong(ol-tur 'urban sara. Luu sara mn- tula.

belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui.

o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim

(aar-dur dula(an-u tegi oromui. i(ur-a [=a(ur-a]

qamu( iba(ud iremi. ene sara-yi a(-un krdin-dr

il-n terign bol(an inelemi. arbun tabun-a a(-un krdn-

abiig talbi(san sayin a( bui. nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san-u

tula Qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui. edr sni qubi sau(u

bolumui. tariyan-u krngge (aar oroba kememi. arban isn-e

buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi. amin-u saki(ulsun rn-e

emn-e. oliy-a mr doron-a umar-a. yeke tngri rn-e.

qo(osun qumq-a doron-a. itgen- eke Mo(ai (aar-a. (urban

sarada tariyan tariyalabasu quda anda bolbasu (al mandal

tlebes qudaldubasu sayin bui. tayisui emn-e Janggn

doron-a. noqai edr (okimui. 'aqai edr obalang-un

tngri yabumui. Morin edr tngri-yin (al ba(umui

ker edr l sedk. ker edr ula(an aa(ai.

Bein modun erlig. Qoni. kln ein. Bein (aarun

(al Taulai sarayin (al.

383
TRANSCRIPTION

[10v]

nigen in-e 'al odun tegs arban nigen Altan odun qorin nigen Saran odun
Aivani baras mungqa( ba(uram Burvabalguni ebderek Udarisad noqai
rn-e qulu(an-a trki rn-e abqui emn-e
emn-e
qoyar in-e Usun odun arban qoyar iroi odun qorin qoyar 'al odun tegs
ebderek Barani taulai meks Udaribalguni ker Abiji (aqai bolqui umara
iledki. rn-e umar-a telki kki umara doron-a
(urban in-e Modun odun arban (urban Naran odun qorin (urban Usun odun
meks Kerteg luu rn-e tegs Qasta baras ebderek irvan qulu(an-a
umar-a mungqa( emn-e trki doron-a emn-e
ene erdeni busu
drben in-e Altan odun arban drben Saran odun qorin drben Modun odun
ba(uram Rkini mo(ai ebderek Jayitari taulai meks Tanista ker telki
ner-e ngge umara iledki umara kki doron-a
tabun in-e iroi odun arban tabun 'al odun tegs qorin tabun Altan odun
tegs Margiar morin Suvadi luu medeki ba(uram Sadabis baras
ir(u(an orod emn-e doron-a mungqa( rn-e
ir(u(an in-e Naran odun arban ir(u(an Usun odun qorin ir(u(an iroi odun
tegs Ardar qonin krteki ebderek ua( mo(ai tegs Burvabadaribad
umar-a doron-a ner-e ngge doron-a taulai iledki umara
dolo(an in-e Saran odun arban dolo(an Modun qorin dolo(an Naran odun
tegs Burnavasu bein odun tegs Anurad morin tegs Udaribadaribad luu
s(e)reki ir(u(an orod rn-e medeki rn-e
rn-e umara umara.
naiman in-e 'al odun arban naiman Altan odun qorin naiman Saran odun
tegs Bus takiy-a ba(uram qonin ista tegs Rivadi mo(ai ner-e
quraaqui rn-e umara krteki umara ngge emn-e
isn in-e Usun odun arban isn iroi odun tegs qorin isn 'al odun tegs
ebderek Asli( noqai Mul bein sereki doron-a Aivani morin ir(u(an
abqui umara doron-a emn-e orod emn-e

384
TRANSCRIPTION

arban in-e Modun odun qorin-a Naran odun tegs (uin-a Usun odun
kn tegs Mig (aqai Burvasad takiy-a quraaqui ebderek Barani qonin
bolqui umara umara krteki rn-e

[11r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdn-dr qaburun es ua( sara.

tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a. qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur

un-u terign sar-a Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a Mong(ol-dur.

Drben sar-a. Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr

orkimui. o(tar(ui-dur ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim.

(aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi. a(ur-a kkeg[e]

iba(un dong(oddumui. ene sarada tu(ulu(san burqan-u

qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( bui. nara ker-n ger-dr

oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui. edr (uin

qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi qorin isn-e

sken qur-a oromui. ken i(asun qoiyalamui. dolo(an

inede qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui. amin-u

saki(ulsun rn-e umar-a. oliy-a mr doron-a. yeke

tngri umar-a. qo(osun qumq-a emn-e. itgen- eke Baras

(aar-a. Drben sarada erdem sur(abasu em neyileglbes

biil(abasu abiig abubasu sayin bui. tayisui

385
TRANSCRIPTION

rn-e. Janggn emn-e. Qonin edr (okimui. Bein

edr obalang tngri yabumui. Takiy-a edr tngri-yin

(al ba(umui. Bein edr l sedk. Mo(ai

edr ula(an aa(ai. bui 'aqai modun erlig.

Luu kln ein. Qoni (aar-un (al Baras sarayin

(al

[11v]

nigen in-e Modun odun arban nigen Naran odun qorin nigen Usun odun
kn tegs Kerteg bein tegs Qasta morin meks [irvan] ara luu
sereki umara ir(u(an orod rn-e medeki emn-e rn-e
umara
qoyar in-e Altan odun arban qoyar Saran odun qorin qoyar Modun odun
ebderek Rkini takiy-a meks Jayitari qonin tegs Tanis mo(ai ner-e
quraaqui doron-a krteki emn-e ngge doron-a emn-e
(urban in-e iroi odun arban (urban 'al odun qorin (urban Altan odun
ba(uram Margiar noqai tegs Suvadi bein sereki ebderek Sadabis morin
abqui emn-e doron-a ir(u(an orod emn-e
rn-e
drben in-e Naran odun arban drben Usun odun qorin drben iroi odun
tegs Ardar (aqai bolqui meks ua( takiy-a ba(uram Burvabadaribad
doron-a quraaqui rn-e qonin krteki emn-e
tabun in-e Saran odun arban tabun Modun odun qorin tabun Naran odun
meks Burnavasu tegs Anurad noqai abqui tegs Udaribadaribad bein
qulu(an-a trki emn-e rn-e sereki umar-a
ir(u(an in-e 'al odun arban ir(u(an Altan odun qorin ir(u(an Saran odun
tegs Bus ker telki ebderek ista (aqai tegs Rivadi takiy-a
kki rn-e bolqui doron-a quraaqui umar-a doron-a

386
TRANSCRIPTION

dolo(an in-e Usun odun arban dolo(an iroi odun qorin dolo(an 'al odun
meks Asli( baras ba(uram Mul qulu(an-a tegs Aivani noqai abqui
mungqa( rn-e emn-e trki rn-e umara rn-e umara
naiman in-e Modun odun arban naiman Naran odun qorin naiman Usun odun
tegs Mig taulai iledki tegs Burvasad ker meks Barani (aqai bolqui
emn-e telki kki rn-e umar-a doron-a
emn-e
isn in-e Altan odun arban isn Saran odun qorin isn Modun odun
ebderek Burvabalguni luu meks Udarisad baras tegs Kerteg qulu(an-a
medeki umar-a mungqa( umara trki rn-e
arban in-e iroi odun qorin-a 'al odun tegs (uin-a Altan odun
ba(uram Udaribalguni Abiji taulai iledki umara ebderek Rkini ker
mo(ai ner-e ngge telki kki doron-a
rn-e emn-e.

[12r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign ista sar-a

tariyain-dur un-u es sara. qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur

un-u dumdadu sar-a Mong(ol Tabun sara. Tbed-dr Morin

sara. Morin sara mn- tula. belge inu morin qulan

terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi. o(tar(ui-dur

ista na(idar-iyar r geyim. (aar-tur qamu(

nabi ndsn ur(umui. a(ur-a salbarun ula(an

degde nismi. bu(u-yin eber ur(umui. naran

Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula. yirtin-yin

qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi. edr (uin

drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi. tariyain-u

387
TRANSCRIPTION

ebes tegki a(. inein dolo(an qorin isn-e qur-a

ese orobasu (ang bolqu un-u naran bayiqu a( bui.

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emn-e. oliy-a mr rn-e

emn-e. qo(osun qumqa rn-e. yeke tngri doron-a

itgen- eke morin (aar-a taban sara-dur kgerge

talbibasu ong(oa oro(ulbasu tata(al usun

tatabasu ermel erbes sayin bui. tayisui rn-e

Janggn emn-e. Taulai-dur (okimui. Mo(ai edr

obalang-un tngri yabumui. Qulu(an-a edr tngri-yin

(al ba(umui. Qulu(an-a edr l sedk. Takiy-a

edr ula(an aa(ai bui. Taulai modun erlig.

ker kln ein. Mori (aarun (al. ker sarayin

(al.

[12v]

nigen in-e iroi odun arban nigen 'al odun qorin nigen Altan odun
kn tegs Margiar baras meks Suvadi qulu(an-a tegs Sadabis noqai abqui
mungqa( yilig doron-a trki doron-a umara
qoyar in-e Naran odun arban qoyar Usun odun qorin qoyar iroi odun
meks Ardar taulai ba(uram ua( ker tegs Burvabadaribad
iledki emn-e telki kki (aqai bolqui doron-a
emn-e

388
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban in-e Saran odun arban (urban Modun odun qorin (urban Naran odun
ba(uram Burnavasu luu ebderek Anurad baras meks Udaribadaribad
medeki rn-e mungqa( umara qulu(an-a trki doron-a
drben in-e 'al odun arban drben Altan odun qorin drben Saran odun
tegs Bus mo(ai ner-e ista taulai iledki emn- ba(uram Rivadi ker
ngge emn-e e telki kki rn-e
tabun ini Usun odun arban tabun iroi odun qorin tabun 'al odun
ba(uram Aslig morin tegs Mul luu medeki meks Aivani baras
ir(u(an orod rn-e mungqa( emn-e
emn-e
ir(u(an in-e Modun arban ir(u(an Naran odun qorin ir(u(an Usun odun
odun ebderek Mig qonin tegs Burvasad mo(ai ner- ba(uram Barani taulai
krteki emn-e e ngge rn-e umar-a iledki emn-e
dolo(an in-e Altan odun arban dolo(an Saran odun qorin dolo(an Modun
ba(uram Burvabalguni ba(uram Udarisad morin odun ebderek Kerteg luu
bein sereki emn-e ir(u(an orod umar-a medeki umara doron-a
doron-a
naiman in-e iroi odun arban naiman 'al odun qorin naiman Altan odun
tegs Udaribalguni takiy-a meks Abiji qonin tegs Rkini mo(ai ner-e
quraaqui doron-a krteki emn-e ngge emn-e
isn in-e Naran odun arban isn Usun odun qorin isn iroi odun tegs
tegs Qasta noqai abqui ba(uram irvang bein Margiar morin ir(u(an
doron-a sereki umara doron-a orod emn-e
arban in-e Saran odun qorin-a Modun odun (uin-a Naran odun tegs
ba(uram Jayitari (aqai ebderek Tanista takiy-a Ardar qonin krteki rn-
bolqui doron-a emn-e quraaqui e umara
emn-e

[13r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a. tariyain-

tur namurun terign sara. qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u

es sara. Tbed-dr Qonin sara. Mong(ol-dur ir(u(an

389
TRANSCRIPTION

sara. Qonin sara mn- tula. belge inu qonin addu(ad

tar(u giiy o(tar(ui-dur Burvasad na(idar-iyar

r geyim. (aar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad

lungru neret iig delgeremi. a(ur-a kir(a(ul iba(un

ula(lamui. alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui

ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi. egni drben

ini-ee arban tabun krtel-e nen nom-un krdn-i ori(ulu(san

buyan-du sayin a( bui. Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertr naran oro(san-u

tula yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui. edr

(uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi.

(urban in-e qorin ir(u(an qur-a ese orobasu tariyain-

dur ma(u. amin saki(ulsun doron-a. oliy-a mr

rn-e umar-a. yeke tngri emn-e qo(osun qumq-a umar-a

itgen- eke noqai (aar-a. ir(u(an sarada erkedr

oro(ulqui keiyeki iles kiged abiig abubasu

sayin bui. tayisui rn-e Janggn emn-e. Qulu(an-a

edr (okimui. Baras edr obalang-un tngri yabumui.

Taulai edr tngri-yin (al. Luu edr l sedk

ker ula(an aa(ai bui. Qulu(an-a modun erlig.

noqai kln ein. Mo(ai [(aar-un] (al. Qulu(an-a sarayin (al.

390
TRANSCRIPTION

[13v]

nigen in-e Saran odun arban nigen Modun odun qorin nigen Naran odun
tegs Bus bein sereki tegs ista morin ir(u(an ba(uram luu medeki
yilig emn-e orod doron-a umar-a doron-a
qoyar in-e 'al odun arban qoyar Altan odun qorin qoyar Saran odun
ba(uram Asli( takiy-a meks Mul qonin krteki tegs Aivani mo(ai ner-e
quraaqui rn-e emn-e ngge
rn-e
(urban in-e Usun odun arban (urban iroi odun qorin (urban 'al odun
tegs Mig noqai abqui ebderek Burvasad bein ba(uram Barani morin
doron-a sereki doron-a ir(u(an orod umara
doron-a
drben in-e Modun odun arban drben Naran odun qorin drben Usun odun
meks Burvabalguni (aqai ba(uram Udarisad takiy-a tegs Kerteg qonin
bolqui quraaqui umara krteki umar-a
rn-e
tabun in-e Altan odun arban tabun Saran odun qorin tabun Modun odun
meks Udaribalguni tegs Abiji noqai abqui tegs Rkini bein sereki
qulu(an-a trki rn-e doron-a emn-e
ir(u(an in-e iroi odun arban ir(u(an 'al odun qorin ir(u(an Altan odun
ebderek Qasta [ker] ba(uram irvan (aqai meks Margiar takiy-a
telki kki bolqui umara quriaqui umara
rn-e
dolo(an in-e Naran odun arban dolo(an Usun odun qorin dolo(an iroi odun
ba(uram Jayitari baras tegs Tanista qulu(an-a ebderek Ardar noqai
mungqa( umar-a [trki] drn-e [=doron- abqui emn-e
a] umara
naiman in-e Saran odun arban naiman Modun odun qorin naiman Naran odun
tegs Suvadi taulai tegs Sadabis ker telki ba(uram Burnavasu (aqai
iledki umar-a kki rn-e umara bolqui emn-e
isn in-e 'al odun arban isn Altan odun qorin isn Saran odun
ba(uram ua( luu meks Burvabadaribad tegs Bus qulu(an-a
medeki emn-e baras mungqa( umara trki doron-a

391
TRANSCRIPTION

arban in-e Usun odun qorin-a iroi odun (uin-a 'al odun ba(uram
tegs Anurad mo(ai ner-e ebderek Udaribadaribad Asli( ker telki kki
ngge emn-e taulai iledki rn-e doron-a emn-e

[14r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es Abiji sara.

tariyain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a. qara Kitad-un

to(ain-dur namurun terign sar-a Tbed-dr Bein

sar-a. Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a. Bein sara mn- tula

belge inu modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide

iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi. o(tar(ui-dur

Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim. (aar-dur serign

segder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi. a(ur-a

kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui. ara(-a qoiyalan

dong(oddumui. sken qur-a-yin a(. naran Arsalan-u

gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui.

edr (uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an

qubi. drben inede qur-a ese orobasu yeke

salkin bolqu. amin saki(ulsun rn-e. oliy-a

mr doron-a umar-a. yeke tngri rn-e. qo(osun

qumq-a doron-a itgen eke 'aqai (aar-a. Dolo(an

sarada sayitar oroi(ulbasu usun-dur ong(oa

392
TRANSCRIPTION

oro(ulbasu qudaldu keyibes tariyan-u ile

iledbes sayin bui. tayisui umar-a Janggn rn-e

'aqai edr obalang-un tngri yabumui. Takiy-a edr

(okimui. Morin edr tngri-yin (al. 'aqai edr

l sedk Mo(ai edr ula(an aa(ai bui.

Takiy-a modun erlig. Qoni kln ein. 'aqai

sarayin (al Luu (aar-un (al

[14v]

nigen in-e 'al odun tegs arban nigen Altan odun qorin nigen Saran odun
Mig baras mungqa( rn-e ba(uram Burvasad ebderek Barani noqai
qulu(an-a trki emn-e abqui emn-e
qoyar in-e Usun odun arban qoyar iroi odun qorin qoyar 'al odun tegs
ebderek Burvabalguni tegs Udarisad ker telki Kerteg (aqai bolqui umar-
taulai iledki rn-e kki doron-a a
(urban in-e Modun odun arban (urban Naran odun qorin (urban Usun odun
ebderek Udaribalguni luu tegs Abiji baras mungqa( ebderek Rkini qulu(an-a
medeki rn-e emn-e trki doron-a
drben in-e Altan odun arban drben Saran odun qorin drben Modun odun
ba(uram Qasta mo(ai ner- ebderek irvan taulai meks Margiar ker
e ngge umar-a iledki umar-a telki kki doron-a
tabun in-e iroi odun arban tabun 'al odun tegs qorin tabun Altan odun
tegs Jayitari morin Tanista luu medeki emn- ba(uram Ardar baras
ir(u(an orod emn-e e mungqa( rn-e

393
TRANSCRIPTION

ir(u(an in-e Naran odun arban ir(u(an Usun odun qorin ir(u(an iroi odun
tegs Suvadi qonin ebderek Sadabis mo(ai tegs Burnavasu taulai
krteki umar-a ner-e ngge rn-e iledki
rn-e
dolo(an in-e Saran odun arban dolo(an Modun qorin dolo(an Naran odun
ebderek ua( bein odun meks tegs Bus luu medeki
sereki umar-a doron-a Burvabadaribad morin doron-a
ir(u(an orod umar-a
naiman in-e 'al odun arban naiman Altan odun qorin naiman Saran odun
tegs Anurad takiy-a ba(uram Udaribadaribad ebderek Asli( mo(ai ner-
quraaqui qonin krteki umar-a e ngge umar-a
doron-a
isn in-e Usun odun arban isn iroi odun tegs qorin isn 'al odun tegs
ebderek ista noqai abqui Rivadi bein sereki Mig morin ir(u(an orod
rn-e emn-e emn-e
arban in-e Modun odun qorin-a Naran odun tegs (uin-a Usun odun
meks Mul (aqai bolqui Aivani takiy-a quraaqui ebderek Burvabalguni
emn-e umar-a qonin krteki umara

[15r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun terign Burvabadari-

bad sara tariyain-dur namurun es sar-a. Kitad-un

to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a. Tbed-dr Takiy-a sara

Mong(ol-dur Naiman sara. Takiy-a sara mn- tula belge

inu qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui.

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim

(aar-dur lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi. a(ura

394
TRANSCRIPTION

ularu iba(un qoriyalamui. qara(ai iba(un taulai

bariu tngri takiqu sar-a. qamu( tariyan tmsn

bolu qadumui. ene sarada naran Okin-u gertr oro(san-u

tula yirtin-deki<n> okid grkeki a( bui

edr (uin qoyar qubi sni qorin naiman qubi.

ir(oli terigten amitan degde o(tar(ui-dur

(arumui. ir(u(an in-e qorin drben-e qur-a ese

orobasu kmn-dr ebedin bolu(ad yeke salkin bolqu.

amin saki(ulsun rn-e emn-e oliy-a mr doron-a emn-e

yeke tngri umar-a. qo(osun qumq-a emn-e itgen-

eke Qonin (aar-a. Naiman sarada i(ul(an i(ulbasu

qudaldu odbasu quda anda bolbasu em-e kmn-e

tusa keyibesu iru( irubasu sayin bui. tayisui umara

Janggn doron-a Morin edr (okimui Bein edr obalang-un

tngri yabumui. Takiy-a edr tngri-yin (al. Taulai edr

l sedk. Takiy-a edr ula(an aa(ai bui

Mori modun erlig Luu kln ein. noqai sarayin (al

[15v]

395
TRANSCRIPTION

nigen in-e Modun odun arban nigen Naran odun qorin nigen Usun odun
tegs Udaribalguni bein tegs Abiji morin ir(u(an meks Rkini luu medeki
sereki umar-a orod rn-e
rn-e
qoyar in-e Altan odun arban qoyar Saran odun qorin qoyar Modun odun
ebderek Qasta qonin meks irvan qonin tegs Margiar mo(ai ner-
krteki umar-a krteki doron-a e ngge doron-a
(urban in-e iroi odun arban (urban 'al odun qorin (urban Altan odun
ba(uram Jayitari noqai ebderek Tanista bein ebderek Ardar morin
abqui doron-a sereki ir(u(an orod emn-e
drben in-e Naran odun arban drben Usun odun qorin drben iroi odun
tegs Suvadi (aqai bolqui tegs Sadabis takiy-a ba(uram Burnavasu qonin
doron-a quraaqui krteki emne
emn-e
tabun in-e Saran odun arban tabun Modun odun qorin tabun Naran odun
meks ua( qulu(an-a tegs Burvabadaribad tegs Bus bein sereki
trki rn-e noqai abqui doron-a umara
ir(u(an in-e 'al odun arban ir(u(an Altan odun qorin ir(u(an Saran odun
tegs Anurad ker telki ebderek Udaribadaribad meks Asli( takiy-a
kki emn-e (aqai bolqui emn-e quraaqui doron-a
dolo(an in-e Usun odun arban dolo(an iroi odun qorin dolo(an 'al odun
meks ista baras ba(uram Rivadi qulu(an-a tegs Mig noqai abqui
mungqa( rn-e emn-e trki rn-e rn-e
naiman in-e Modun odun arban naiman Naran odun qorin naiman Usun odun
tegs Mul taulai iledki tegs Aivani ker telki meks Burvabalguni (aqai
emn-e kki umar-a doron-a bolqui doron-a
isn in-e Altan odun arban isn Saran odun qorin isn Modun odun
ebderek Burvasad luu meks Barani baras tegs Udaribalguni
medeki umar-a mungqa( rn-e qulu(an-a trki doron-a
arban in-e iroi odun qorin-a 'al odun tegs (uin-a Altan odun
ba(uram Udarisad mo(ai Kerteg taulai iledki ebderek Qasta ker
ner-e ngge umar-a doron-a telki kki doron-a

396
TRANSCRIPTION

[16r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani sara

tariyain-dur ebln terign sara Kitad-un to(ain-dur

namurun eus sar-a Tbed-dr Noqai sara. Mong(ol-dur

Isn sara. Noqai sara mn- tula belge inu noqai

quraiu [=quriau] qoiyalamui o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-

iyar r geyim. (aar-dur o( neret ebesn indaralamui

a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui. kiten segder unau

ebesn qubaraqui [=qubiraqui] a(. egni arban tabun-a burqan tngri-ee

ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( bui. naran inglegr-n

gertr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i

inglegr-iyer inglemi. edr sni qubi sau(uu

bo[l]qu oroqui a(. arban tabun-a qur-a ese orobasu

qur-a gei bolqu. amin saki(ulsun doron-a emn-e. oliy-a

mr rn-e emn-e. yeke tngri doron-a qo(osun qumq-a

rn-e itgen- eke Taulai (aar-a Isn sarada

gken tusa btgebes idqumal idqubasu

mese keyibes qooritu [=qooratu] iles iledki-dr sayin bui

tayisui umar-a Janggn rn-e Baras edr (okimui

Mo(ai edr obalang-un tngri yabumui. Qulu(an-a

397
TRANSCRIPTION

edr tngri-yin (al. Qonin edr l sedek

ker edr ula(an aa(ai bui. Luu modun erlig.

ker kln ein. Baras (aar-un (al. Takiy-a

sarayin (al.

[16v]

nigen in-e iroi odun arban nigen 'al odun qorin nigen Altan odun
tegs Jayitari baras meks Tanis qulu(an-a tegs Ardar noqai abqui
mungqa( yilig doron-a trki doron-a umar-a
qoyar in-e Naran odun arban qoyar Usun odun qorin qoyar iroi odun
meks Suvadi taulai ba(uram Sadabis ker tegs Burnavasu (aqai
iledki emn-e telki kki doron-a bolqui rn-e emn-e
(urban in-e Saran odun arban (urban Modun odun qorin (urban Naran odun
ba(uram ua( luu ebderek Burvabadaribad meks Bus qulu(an-a
medeki rn-e emn-e baras [mungqa(] umar-a trki umar-a
doron-a
drben in-e 'al odun arban drben Altan odun qorin drben Saran odun
meks Anurad mo(ai ner-e tegs Udaribadaribad ba(uram [Asli(] ker
ngge emn-e taulai iledki emn-e telki kki umar-a
tabun in-e Usun odun arban tabun iroi odun qorin tabun 'al odun
ba(uram ista morin tegs Rivadi luu medeki meks Mig baras mungqa(
ir(u(an orod rn-e rn-e
emn-e umar-a
ir(u(an in-e Modun arban ir(u(an Naran odun qorin ir(u(an Usun odun
odun ebderek Mul qonin meks Aivani mo(ai ner- ba(uram Burvabalguni
krteki emn-e e ngge taulai iledki emn-e
rn-e

398
TRANSCRIPTION

dolo(an in-e Altan odun arban dolo(an Saran odun qorin dolo(an [m]odun
tegs Burvasad bein ba(uram Barani morin odun ebderek
sereki umar-a ir(u(an orod doron-a Udaribalguni luu medeki
doron-a
naiman in-e iroi odun arban naiman 'al odun qorin naiman Altan odun
tegs Udarisad takiy-a meks Kerteg qonin tegs Qasta mo(ai ner-e
quraaqui rn-e krteki doron-a ngge emn-e
isn in-e Naran odun arban isn Usun odun qorin isn iroi odun tegs
meks Abiji noqai abqui ba(uram Rkini bein Jayitari morin ir(u(an
doron-a sereki umar-a orod rn-e
arban in-e Saran odun qorin-a Modun odun (uin-a Naran odun meks
ba(uram irvan (aqai ebderek Margiar takiy-a Suvadi qonin krteki
bolqui doron-a emn-e quraaqui emn-e rn-e emn-e

[17r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun es Kerteg

sar-a. tariyain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a. Kitad-un

to(ain-dur ebln terign sar-a Tbed-dr

'aqai sar-a. mn- tula belge inu (aqai nasu

to(alan ula(alamui. o(tar(ui-dur Kerteg na(idar-

iyar r geyim. (aar-tur qala(un-u a(ur

(aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui a(ur-a usun

iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui. qamu( tariyan

tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( naran Tiler-n

gertr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i

alau kiline [=keline] iledki a(. edr qorin naiman qubi.

399
TRANSCRIPTION

sni (uin qoyar qubi. yeke kiten- a( bolumui.

nigen inede isun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu

tabun in-e qorin ir(u(an-a qur-a ese orobasu

qoyitu on-du qur-a uqa( (ang bolqu. amin

saki(ulsun doron-a oliy-a mr rn-e umar-a

yeke tngri emn-e. qo(osun qumq-a umar-a itgen-

eke Qulu(an-a (aar-a. arban sarada a(an [=a(al] morin

qudaldubasu sayin bui. tayisui doron-a Janggn

umar-a. 'aqai edr (okimui Baras edr obalang-un

tngri yabumui. Taulai edr tngri-yin (al. Baras

edr l sedk. Mo(ai edr ula(an aa(ai bui.

ker modun erlig. noqai. kln ein. ker

(aar-un (al. Bein sarayin (al.

[17v]

nigen in-e Saran odun arban nigen Modun odun qorin nigen Naran odun
tegs Anurad bein sereki tegs Udaribadaribad ba(uram Asli( luu
emn-e morin ir(u(an orod medeki umara doron-a
emn-e
qoyar in-e 'al odun arban qoyar Altan odun qorin qoyar Saran odun
ba(urim ista takiy-a tegs Rivadi qonin tegs Mig mo(ai ner-e
quraaqui rn-e krteki rn-e ngge umara

400
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban in-e Usun odun arban (urban iroi odun
meks Mul noqai abqui ebderek Aivani bein
emn-e sereki doron-a
drben in-e Modun odun arban drben Naran odun
tegs Burvasad (aqai ba(uram Barani takiy-a
bolqui rn-e quraaqui umara
tabun in-e Altan odun arban tabun Saran odun
meks Udarisad qulu(an-a tegs Kerteg noqai abqui
trki doron-a umara
ir(u(an in-e iroi odun arban ir(u(an 'al odun
ebderek Abiji ker ba(urim Rkini (aqai
telki kki rn-e bolqui umara
dolo(an in-e Naran odun arban dolo(an Usun odun
ba(urim irvan baras tegs Margiar qulu(an-a
mungqa( doron-a emn-e trki emn-e
naiman in-e Saran odun arban naiman Modun odun
ba(uram Tanista Taulai tegs Ardar ker telki
iledki umar-a kki
rn-e
isn in-e 'al odun arban isn Altan odun
ba(uram Sadabis luu ba(urim Burnavasu baras
medeki emn-e mungqa( doron-a
arban in-e Usun odun qorin-a iroi odun
tegs Burvabadaribad ebderek Bus taulai
mo(ai ner-e ngge emn-e iledki rn-e
qorin (urban 'al odun
ba(uram Burvabalguni
morin ir(u(an orod umara
doron-a
qorin drben Usun odun
tegs Udaribalguni qonin
krteki umara
qorin tabun Modun odun
tegs Qasta bein sereki
emn-e
qorin ir(u(an Altan odun
meks Jayitari takiy-a
quraaqui rn-e
qorin dolo(an iroi odun
ebderek Suvadi noqai
abqui doron-a
qorin naiman Naran odun
ba(uram ua( (aqai
bolqui rn-e
qorin isn Saran odun
tegs Anurad qulu(an-a
trki
doron-a
(uin-a 'al odun ba(uram
ista ker telki kki
rn-e.

[18r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar

sar-a tariyain-dur ebln es sar-a. Kitad-un to(ain-dur

ebln dumdadu sar-a. Tbed-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a. Mong(ol-

401
TRANSCRIPTION

tur Arban nigen sar-a. Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui. o(tar(ui-

tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim. (aar-tur

egeren taki qoiyalamui. a(ur-a salbar iba(un ndegelemi.

naran Numun-u gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-teki

numun qata(uu kt bolumui. edr qorin ir(u(an qubi

sni (uin drben qubi. (aar usun m amin nke krmi

ebln naran ba(uqu a(. egni qorin dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi. amin saki(ulsun

rn-e emn-e. oliy-a mr doron-a umar-a. yeke

tngri rn-e qo(osun qumq-a doron-a. itgen-

eke Luu (aar. arban nigen sarada ed mal (ada(i

gbes. arlig biig tarqabasu amurling(ui

iles keyibes sayin bui. tayisui doron-a Janggn

umar-a Bein edr (okimui. 'aqai edr obalang-un

tngri yabumui. Morin edr tngri-yin (al. Morin edr

l sedk. Takiy-a edr ula(an aa(ai bui.

noqai modun erlig. Qoni. kln ein. Qulu(an-a

(aar-un (al. Qoni sarayin (al.

[18v]

402
TRANSCRIPTION

nigen in-e 'al odun tegs arban nigen Altan odun qorin nigen Saran odun
Mul baras mungqa( rn-e ba(uram Aivani qulu(an- ebderek Burvabalguni
a trki doron-a. noqai abqui emn-e
qoyar in-e Usun odun arban qoyar iroi odun qorin qoyar 'al odun tegs
ebderek Burvasad taulai meks Barani ker telki Udaribalguni (aqai bolqui
iledki rn-e kki umar-a umar-a
(urban in-e Modun odun arban (urban Naran odun qorin (urban Usun odun
meks Udarisad luu tegs Kerteg baras ebderek Qasta qulu(an-a
medeki rn-e. mungqa( emn-e trki doron-a
drben in-e Altan odun arban drben Saran odun qorin drben Modun odun
ba(uram Abiji mo(ai ner- ebderek Rkini taulai Jayitari ker telki kki
e ngge umar-a iledki umar-a. doron-a
tabun in-e iroi odun arban tabun 'al odun qorin tabun Altan odun
tegs irvan morin tegs. Margiar luu ba(uram Suvadi baras
ir(u(an orod emn-e medeki doron-a rn-e mungqa( rn-e
ir(u(an in-e Naran odun arban ir(u(an Usun odun qorin ir(u(an iroi odun
tegs Tanis qonin krteki ebderek Ardar mo(ai ner- tegs ua( taulai iledki
umar-a. e ngge doron-a rn-e
dolo(an in-e Saran odun arban dolo(an Modun qorin dolo(an Naran odun
ebderek Sadabis bein odun tegs Burnavasu tegs Anurad luu medeki
sereki morin ir(u(an orod rn- emn-e
e
naiman in-e 'al odun arban naiman Altan odun qorin naiman Saran odun
Burvabadaribad takiy-a ba(uram Bus qonin ebderek ista mo(ai ner-
quraaqui doron-a krteki rn-e e ngge umar-a
isn in-e Usun odun arban isn iroi odun tegs qorin isn 'al odun tegs
ebderek Udaribadaribad Aslig bein sereki doron- Mul morin ir(u(an orod
noqai abqui rn-e a emn-e emn-e
arban in-e Modun odun qorin-a Naran odun tegs (uin-a Usun odun
meks Rivadi (aqai bolqui Mig takiy-a quraaqui ebderek Burvasad qonin
doron-a umar-a krteki doron-a

[19r]

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln dumdadu

403
TRANSCRIPTION

Bus sar-a. tariyain-dur qaburun terign sar-a. Kitad-un

to(ain-dur ebln es sar-a. Tbed-dr ker

sar-a. Mong(ol-dur Kgeler-n sar-a. ker sar-a

mn- tula. ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn

idtala idemi. o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(idar-iyar

r geyim. (aar tal-a dken asun bolumui. a(ura

qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui. takiy-a kegrigen-e

iba(un ndegelemi. naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u

tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui. edr qorin drben

qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi. arban drben-e

asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu. qorin

tabun-a sara-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belge

imi [=emi]. amin saki(ulsun rn-e emn-e. oliy-a

mr doron-a emn-e. yeke tngri umar-a. qo(osun

qumq-a emn-e. itgen- eke Bein (aar-a.

Kgeler sarada usun-u iles iledbes am

asabasu busud-i ar(adabasu ma(u iles i-

ledbes ar(u qa(albasu sayin bui. tayisui

doron-a. senggn umar-a. Mo(ai edr (okimui.

Bein edr obalang-un tngri yabumui. Takiy-a edr

tngri-yin (al. noqai edr l sedk. ker

404
TRANSCRIPTION

edr ula(an aa(ai bui. Qoni modun erlig. Luu

kln ein 'aqai (aar-un (al. mori sarayin (al.

[19v]

nigen in-e Modun odun arban nigen Naran odun qorin nigen Usun odun
kn tegs Abiji bein tegs Rkini morin meks ayitari [=Jayitari]
sereki ir(u(an orod doron-a luu medeki rn-e.
umar-a
qoyar in-e Altan odun arban qoyar Saran odun qorin qoyar Modun odun
ebderek irvan takiy-a meks Margiar qonin tegs Suvadi mo(ai ner-e
quraaqui krteki doron-a ngge rn-e
doron-a
(urban in-e iroi odun arban (urban 'al odun qorin (urban Altan odun
ba(uram noqai abqui Tanis tegs Ardar bein sereki ebderek ua( morin
emn-e rn-e ir(u(an orod emn-e
drben in-e Naran odun arban drben Usun odun qorin drben iroi odun
tegs Sadabis (aqai bolqui meks Burnavasu takiy-a ba(uram Anurad qonin
doron-a quraaqui doron-a krteki emn-e
tabun in-e Saran odun arban tabun Modun odun qorin tabun Naran odun
meks Burvabadaribad tegs Bus noqai abqui tegs ista bein sereki
qulu(an-a trki doron-a rn-e emn-e umar-a
ir(u(an in-e 'al odun arban ir(u(an Altan odun qorin ir(u(an Saran odun
tegs Udaribadaribad ker ebderek Asli( (aqai meks Mul takiy-a
telki kki emn-e bolqui emn-e quraaqui umar-a
dolon in-e Usun odun arban dolo(an iroi odun qorin dolo(an 'al odun
meks Rivadi baras ba(uram Mig qulu(an-a tegs Burvasad noqai
mungqa( rn-e emn-e trki rn-e abqui rn-e
naiman in-e Modun odun arban naiman Naran odun qorin naiman Usun odun
tegs Aivani taulai tegs Burva-balguni ker meks Udarisad (aqai
iledki emn-e. telki kki doron-a bolqui umar-a.

405
TRANSCRIPTION

isn in-e Altan odun arban isn Saran odun qorin isn Modun odun
ebderek Barani luu meks Udaribalguni baras tegs Abiji qulu(an-a
medeki umara mungqa( rn-e. trki rn-e
arban in-e iroi odun qorin-a 'al odun tegs (uin-a Altan odun
ba(uram Kerteg mo(ai Qasta taulai iledki umar- ebderek irvan ker
ner-e ngge rn-e a. telki kki doron-a

[20r]

lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui.

raiyan edr-n belge erdini bui.

o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui.

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui.

qariqu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui.

luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui.

qariqui edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui.

qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui.

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui.

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a

im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui

Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui

erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui.

qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui

406
TRANSCRIPTION

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui

qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui.

ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui.

kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui.

kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui.

do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui

[20v]

ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui

bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui.

ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui

baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui

ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui.

gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui.

yeke qara edrn belge inu (urbalin qara bui

tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui

qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui.

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui

gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui.

407
TRANSCRIPTION

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui.

ebdegi edrn belge inu qada(ur bui.

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin bui

tleki edrn belge anu solbi(san qara iruqai ene ilegdebei

[21r]

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu

uaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui.

Kerteg (al Nara (al

Rkini iroi Sara usu

Margiar kii 'al (al

Ardar iroi Usu usu

Burnavasu kii Modun kii

Bus (al Altan iroi

Asli( usu iroi iroi

Mig (al Nara (al

Burvabalguni (al Sara usu

Udaribalguni kii 'al (al

Qasta kii Usu usu

Jayitari kii Modun kei.

Suvad'i kii Altan iroi

408
TRANSCRIPTION

Sua( (al iroi iroi

Anurad iroi Nara (al

ista iroi Sara usu

Mul usu 'al (al

Burvasad usu Usu usu

Udarisad iroi Modun kii

Abiji iroi Altan iroi

irvang usu iroi iroi

Tanista usu Nara (al

Sadabis usu Sara usu

Burvabadaribad (al 'al (al

[21v]

Udaribadaribad usu Usu usu

Rivad'i usu Modun kii

Aivani kii Altan iroi

Barani (al iroi iroi

Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem (al

inar bui. Naran odun kn tegs-n a(-tur

qan oron-a sa(ubasu sm-e keyid baribasu

409
TRANSCRIPTION

kbegn-e ger baribasu okin gbes burqan-i

takibasu kbegn trbes rabnas oroi(ulbasu

sudur-nu(ud biibes i(ulilabasu dayisun

darubasu abiig abubasu em ungla(ulbasu

ada(usun abubasu r-e saubasu (al takil

takibasu ada(usun srglebes buyan iledbes

morin sur(abasu biy-e ugiyabasu ordo qari

asabasu li qutu( oroi(ulbasu sayin bui.

bulai bulabasu ri gbes ini debel emsbes

kgsed-dr buyan iledbes buyan keig

ebderek ma(u bui. erig mordobasu naran

ur(uqui a(-tur morda. ereg-n noyan ula(an

debel ems igerde morin unuu ula(an

kegeri bariu. ula(an imeg-iyer ime suali-

yu(an takiu dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u ner-e bii

yama(an-u eber-d dr dayisun-i eserg ireki-

tr. qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu dolo(anta

qa[]k[i]ru usun sau(ad (adquldubasu dayisun-i

[22r]

darui-dur daruyu.

Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara(

410
TRANSCRIPTION

bky-yin tula usun-u inar bui. Saran odun kcn

tegs-n a(-tur tariyan saubasu (al-un takil

takibasu biy-e ugiyabasu buyan oli( gbes

dalal(-a dalalbasu kbegn trbes dungli

(ar(abasu sayin bui. qudaldu keyibes mr (arbasu

ma(ui. luus-un qad-un oga iledbes em u(-

la(ulbasu ini gertr orobasu ba. baribasu

in-e qa(al(-a baribasu beri ba(ul(abasu modun

taribasu suba( tatabasu inadus-un dayisun-dur

odbasu dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu sayin. erig

mordobasu taulai qoni (aqai ilten qara morin

unuu qara kegeri bariju qara imeg-iyer ime

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged

isn adqu iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge

daru(ad suu ali-yu(an takiju rn-e g

uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu. dayisun eserg irebes

tabun kmn qad-un imeg-iyer ime miq-a-yi mungnau

sau(ad (adquldubasu dayisun-i daruyu. ada(usun

ibqarabasu nkgesn debelt kke irai-du ba

nrge irai-tu isn kmn umara emn-e abu odba.

a(an seger<i>t qara noqai-tai deged doorad

411
TRANSCRIPTION

glegi em-e kmn ba a(an ila(u-tu bula( ba

modun-u inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui. nigen edr

ba. ese bges tabun edr-dr oldayu belbesn

[22v]

qatun kmn i(au ggmi.

'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin

tula (al-un inar bui. do(in gara( kememi. kn

tegs-n a(-tur burqan-u oron eribes. ber'i ba(ul(abasu

kgsen-dr buyan iledbes qariyal qari(ulbasu

k sang negebes eyetldr-e i(ulbasu ri

abubasu ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu bal(asun

baribasu arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu i(ulilabasu

adusun abubasu ger ed'kebes qota asabasu

abalabasu sayin bui. bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu

tere daruyu. kbegn trbes teigeky-e berke

morin dobtulbasu kmn kbes debel ed'kebes

tgenebes inglebes ma(u bui. tang(ari(-aa

daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi. ed mal

ibqarabasu isn kmn qul[a](uyu isn gerte

ni(uu amu eliy-e da(a(san kmn ba. temri ba

bandi ba bombo teyim nigen kmn sura( glemi.

412
TRANSCRIPTION

rn-e g-ee ire rn-e qandu(san gerte

abu odba ma(u aran-lu(-a uirabasu olumui--a

egden-dr igerde morin im ula(an debelt ba

ula(an (ajar bui--a.

Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-un [=yaa(-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( bky-yin

tula. usun inar bui. Usun odun tegs-n a(-dur

biig to(-a sur(abasu ber-n tusa btgebes

qudda anda bolbasu okin ber'i gbes aliba

burqan-i takibasu qurimlabasu (adquldu(an-i

[23r]

amurli(ulbasu buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes

una(an sur(abasu kmn- yasun (ar(abasu ada(usun

gbes in-e gertr orobasu qatun kmn-i

asarabasu bgde-dr sayin. kbegn trbes

darasun iskebes ma(u bui. okin bges il(ari bui.

erig mordobasu edr dli morda. debel quya(

mese qara-nu(ud-i ime qara morin unuu

qara kiiri bariu dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu

(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr usun-dur daru(ad

rn-e g ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu.

dayisun-i eserg ireki-dr ara-nu(ud-iyar

413
TRANSCRIPTION

ime ara kiiri bariu kl morin unuu

ol(oldubasu dayisun-i daruyu. ada(usun ba

ed ibqarabasu qoyar kmn qula(uyu doron-a

g abu odba. tere qula(ayii-dur nigen em-e

kmn orolduu amu. qoyar ger buyu usun-u kia(ar-a

ni(uu amui. dolo(an ba ese bges isn

qono(-tu oldayu ese oldabasu yerde

l oldayu.

Modun odun kemebes gelen galbaranjan modun-u

gara( bky-yin tula modun inar bui. Modun odun

kn tegs-n a(-tur tabang baribasu saki(ulsun

iledbes. buyan iledbes burqan takibasu

nom nomlabasu mandal irubasu. sme keyid

bariqu (aar-<y>i beleglebes idker-nu(ud-i [=idker-ngd-i]

nomo(odqabasu biy-e ugiyabasu yal-a yangqa

[23v]

qa(albasu dorm-a a(urbasu (al-un takil takibasu

dayisun-i daruqu iles iledbes irad kibes

subur(-a bosqabasu (adasun qari(ulbasu busud-i

qari(ulbasu uqa(an sur(abasu qada (aar-<y>i

414
TRANSCRIPTION

uqubasu ed btgebes ibqara(san-i eribes

kbegn trbes aliba yabuqu sa(uqu iles-dr

sayin. ereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda. qubad

kke-ber ime kke morin unuu kke kegiri bariu

suu ali-yu(an takiu dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u

ner-e-yi bii dolo(an alqu (aar-a isn doboa(

iroi door-a daru(ad emn-e g uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu dayisun eserg ireki-dr qubad

imeg-iyen a(an-iyar imej a(an keg[i]ri bariu

qa[]kiru(ad tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu ed ibqarabasu er-e (a(a kmn-

kbegn qula(uu amu. do(alang eremdeg kmn ba.

kke irai-du kmn ba ger-n egde umara g

qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(uu amu bandi

kmn abu oldayu.

Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara(

bky-yin tula temr-n inar bui basa key-yin

inar kemegdey qota asabasu krgen sgdbes

morin dobtulbasu darasun iskebes ma(ui.

buyan iledbes biig to(-a erdem uqa(an

sur(abasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu ger negbes debel

415
TRANSCRIPTION

eskebes qurimlabasu sayin. kbegn trbes

[24r]

uqa(an beligt [=biligt] bolqu. okin gbes amin nasun

oqor bolqu. ma(ad degeds-n erge-dr oroqu

mai sayin. ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida

morda. bein takiy-a ilten a(an-nu(ud-iyar

ime gken ari(un kbegn-iyer suu ali-

yu(an takiu dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi

qabtasun-dur bii yabuqu mr-dr talbiu

egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu

dayisun eserg iriki-dr [=ireki-dr] nigen kmn sn-iyen

ayidu qayinu(-dur unuu boskil sauu

uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu. ed ada(usun

ibqarabasu ara ken kmn qula(uu amui

tabun kmn ba tegn-lge nigen band'i kmn orolduu

qula(uyu rn-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur

ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu amu keger-e

oyir-a bui. oyir-a g eri oldayu. do(olang

yerimdeg [=erimdeg] a(sad (aar-aa (urban edr-e (arumui.

iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein-

gara( bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar

416
TRANSCRIPTION

buyu. iroi odun kcn tegs-n a(-tu sm-e

keyid bosqabasu nom buyan iledbes qudaldu

keyibes dalal(-a dalalbasu ed adu(usun

abubasu rabnas oroi(ulbasu ini ger

baribasu burqan takibasu qota asabasu qutu(

oroi(ulbasu debel ed'kebes burqan itgen

inidkebes in-e (aar bariqu tariyan

[24v]

taribasu bgdedr sayin. arudasun qudaldubasu

nr drben-d kmn[-] yasun (ar(abasu ereg

mordobasu kbegn qurimlabasu sayin. ed mal

ada(usun gbes mr (arbasu ma(ui. ereg

mordobasu sarad [=irad]-nu(ud-iyar ime qong(ur

morin unuu ara kegeri bariu suu ali-

yu(an takiu dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i

bii usun-dur urusqau edr dli umara

doron-a ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu

dayisun eserg ireki-dr kke irai-du

kmn-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau qara

morin unuu modun mir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu

417
TRANSCRIPTION

dayisun-i daruyu. ed mal ibqarabasu qoyarba

drben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un

nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu. ese bges

qooridur [=qooradur] kgsen kmn[-] kbegn qula(au

amu. qo(osun (ool ba qo(osun bal(asun-dur

qara modun-u door-a ni(uu amu. rn-e g

eri. doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur

i(abasu qong(or morin unu(san ala( noqai-

tai teyim kmn qula(uu amu l oldayu

tere gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda

ebderek ba(uram qoyar-du aliba iles l

iledk. teyin-ber ni l oyilaqu tere

dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui

basa qorin naiman na(idar-un yabudal eyin bui.

[25r]

Kerteg na(idar-tur burqan takibasu dalal(-a

dalalbasu glige gbesu sm-e keyid ba

subur(-a bosqabasu do(id-un ile iledbes

erdem sur(abasu nom nomlabasu in-e ger ba

qota asabasu ri abubasu busud-aa (uyil'(-a

abubasu engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu kbegn

418
TRANSCRIPTION

trbes ir(u(an boluyu sayin bui. debel

eskebes (al-dur tley okin trbes uru(

uqa(. kmn kbes ir(u(an kmn ky mal

adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu aar(-a

buura buq-a talbibasu. belbesn em-e abubasu

okin gbes ber'i abubasu morin qudaldubasu

qudaldu keyibes qola i(ulilabasu ma(ui bui.

(aar kdelbes (ang bolqu. ed mal ibqarabasu

doron-a emn-e g-ee ir(u(an kmn ire

qula(uu amui. belbesn em-e kmn ar(ulan

i(au ggmi. isn nidt temr toor-a-dur

oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui. ir(u(an

odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur

adali bui.

Rkini na(idar-tur in-e debel abubasu dalal(-a

dalalbasu aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu ya(un ba

abubasu qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu tusa

bui. ereg mordobasu qariyal qari(ulbasu

burqan-i takibasu bo(ol qudaldubasu debel

ed'kebes sayin bui. kbegn trbes esklent

419
TRANSCRIPTION

[25v]

bolu(ad erdem bilig kiged nom-un il-dr duratai buyu

iles-dr mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur

dayisun-i daru(ad aliba-yi ila(u(i tegs leyit

boluyu. okin trbes ed adu(usun nemey k

sang-un ger baribasu tarni uribasu kmn- yasun

(ar(abasu kgsed-dr buyan iledbes mr

(arbasu i(ulilabasu ai( gei. degerem-e

odbasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu i(ul(an i(ul(abasu

keregr ba qoor qomsa bolqu (aar kdelbes

nara sara kirtbes yeke ud bolumui. ed mal

ibqarabasu doron-a g-n kmn qula(uyu belbesn

em-e-dr qudalduu amu. aqa deg qoyar kmn

uirau i(au ggmi. ra(as-un snesn

na(idar bui. tabun odun-u dri inu

tergen- krdn met bui.

Margiar na(idar kemebes a(ui yeke na(idar bui.

egndr irken tarni uribasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu

in-e ger-dr orobasu ar(u qa(albasu tngri-yin

dalal(-a dalalbasu suu ali-yu(an takibasu quda

anda bolbasu nom ungibasu suba( tatabasu

420
TRANSCRIPTION

i(ulilabasu bal(asun deledbes ger asabasu

debel ed'kebes arvis tarni uribasu bo(ol

qudaldubasu namanilabasu ner-e-dr ner-e ggbes

qan oron-a sa(ubasu mal ada(usun qudaldubasu

mr (arbasu sayin bui. kbegn trbes

eskleng-t ba(atur tegs ir(alang-du boluyu.

[26r]

okin trbes (ayiqami( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu.

kmn kbes qoyar kmn ky. kger-n qan

ada adalamui. noyad-dur ma(u bui. kgsed-dr

tlii buu g. mal adu(usun buu g. ma(u. (aar

kdelbes qur-a oroyu. ed mal ibqarabasu uru(

tasura(san kmn qula(uu amu. umara g-n

band'i ba bombo kmn i(au ggmi. tngri kmn

idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui

(urban odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui.

Ardar na(idar-tur burqan btgebes iles iledbes

biig to(-a em sur(abasu r-e saubasu idkd-i

darubasu aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu buyan

iledbes burqan takibasu ger baribasu sayin bui.

421
TRANSCRIPTION

altan mngg qudaldubasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu ereg

mordobasu ma(u. kbegn trbes yeke kimor-du

bolqu boluyu. mungqa( bolu(ad bayan bolqu. mr

(arbasu debel ed'kebes kmn kbes (aar

kdelbes ma(ui. ed ada(usun ibqarabasu isn

kmn ba ir(u(an kmn rn-e emn-e g aq-a

deg qoyar teriglen qula(uyu bombo aq-a deg

qoya(ula i(au ggmi. Biqar qangin-u iruqai-

tur to(alaqui na(idar bui isn odun-u dri inu.

kirge-met bui.

Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru( tasura(san

na(idar kemey. egn-dr burqan-i takibasu subur(-a

bosqabasu bo(ol qudaldubasu dayisun-i daruqu

[26v]

iles iledbes debel ed'kebes nigen ile

qoyar bol(abasu il(ari bui. mal ada(usun abubasu

r-e saubasu dalal(-a dalalbasu mr (arbasu

sayin. kbegn trbes yeke kimor-du ken

beligt [=biligt] ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu. okin trbes

erketen-dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui. qar-a

422
TRANSCRIPTION

to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui. bey-e

ugiyabasu sayin. okin gbes ereg mordobasu

ber'i ba(ul(abasu in-e gertr orobasu ma(u.

(aar kdelbes tariyan-dur ma(ui. ed ada(usun

iqarabasu emn-e g-n tabun kmn qula(uyu.

ir(u(an edr-e oldamui. i(ulin kmn mr

(arqu na(idar bui. (urban odun-u dri inu.

tul(-a-yin modun met bui.

Bus na(idar kemebes tegs leyit na(idar bui

egn-dr em u(uubasu nom biibes quvara(-i

takibasu irid-n ger baribasu. abaig kiged

uduri(ulsun abubasu ner-e gbes burqan-i

biil(abasu ereg mordobasu mr (arbasu

qudaldubasu saki(ulsan iledbes aliba burqan-u

i(ul(an iledbes buyan oli( gbes qariyal

qari(ulbasu abalabasu ger baribasu adu(usun quriyabasu

ber'i ba(ul(abasu quda anda bolbasu debel ed'kebes

sayin bui. kbegn trbes Jagarvadi qa(an-

lu(-a saa(uu boluyu. ada(usun gbes

ar(u kiged kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes ma(ui.

423
TRANSCRIPTION

[27r]

(aar kdelbes kmn ma(u. adu(usun ibqarabasu

doron-a g-n dolo(an kmn qula(uu amu. dolo(an

edr-e oldayu. nin kbegn dumda bki yeke

(aar-i bariqu na(idar bui. (urban odun dri

inu kir(a(ul met bui.

Asli( na(idar-tur eliy-e ldebes ig

ibes ri gbes i(ulilabasu qonin abasu [=abubasu]

r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu dayisun-u ner-e-yi

biibes sayin bui. debel edkebes qudaldu keyibes

sayin bui. gked-n eliy-e darubasu kbegn-

mi gbes ber'i ba(ul(abasu burqan-i

takibasu mr (arbasu kgsen kmn- yasun

tleki-dr teg ebgen emegen buu od ma(u bui

kbegn trbes yeke kimor-tu bolqu. toyin

bolbasu a(abad-iyan alda(ad nkd l

okildun qadquldu(ad abinar ge-dr duralau

qoyar aya(an-u ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui.

(aar kdelbes nara sara kbes tere ulus-dur

(ai(un obalang-dur ayul bolqu. ed adu(usun

ibqarabasu doron-a g ber-e obo(-tan drben

424
TRANSCRIPTION

kmn qula(uu amu. naiman edr-d oldayu.

(rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar bui.

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin terign met bui.

doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe.

Mig na(idar kemebes ske-dr adali bui.

dayisun-dur ol(obasu idkd-i darubasu

[27v]

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal

abubasu ri abubasu erketen-i takibasu nom

ungibasu irger irgebes morin inilebes

sayin bui. kbegn trbes gen-dr mergen bolu(ad

nomi tegs ir(alang-du bolumui. mr (arbasu

ri gbes ber'i ba(ul(abasu i(ul(an

i(ul(abasu tariyan taribasu ma(u. debel ed'kebes

kk edr emsk ma(u bui. (aar kdelbes

ulus-un noyan kk. albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar

bui. ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui.

Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai

met na(idar kemey egndr ed adu(usun

abubasu nasun[-u tarni] uribasu burqan takibasu em

425
TRANSCRIPTION

u[n]gla(ulbasu dorm-a a(urbasu dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi

irubasu darubasu sayin. debel ed'kebes mr

(arbasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu debes imnus-un

qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui. kbegn trbes

qaram sedkil yeke amin oqor bolumui. (aar

kdelbes yeke kii kdelk. ed adu(usun ibqar-a-

basu isn kmn qula(uyu negen met ma(u erin

abaiqu baras met kmn erebes ber oluyu.

ariyatan-u snesn na(idar kemey ula(an gebri

qaskarqu [=qakirqu] kemey qoyar odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a

met bui.

Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar

kemey. egn-dr burqan takibasu dalal(-a dalalbasu

[28r]

beri ba(ul(abasu saki(ulsun iledbes takil ba

abiig talbibasu alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes

ger bayiing qota asabasu i(ulilabasu

qudda anda bolulibasu ri abubasu do(id-un

ile kiged bgde-d sayin. em emlebes tusa

gei. mal gbes debel ed'kebes ma(u. kbegn

426
TRANSCRIPTION

trbes a(abad tegldr boluyu deged trl-

tr try. (aar kdelbes l alaqu

ed mal ibqarabasu oyir-a bui. qurim dotor-a keig

tasulqu na(idar kemey qoyar odun-u dri inu

ildn met bui.

Qasta na(idar kemebes qurdun yabu(i na(idar

kemey. egn-dr burqan takibasu dalal(-a dalalbasu

qudda anda bolulibasu morin sur(abasu mr

(arbasu nasun btgebes dayisun-dur ol(obasu

qari-yi nomo(odqabasu engkri kbegn-i teigebes

qudaldubasu buq-a talbibasu debel ed'kebes

sayin. beri ba(ul(abasu ger bosqabasu ii

iglbes ma(u. ed mal ibqarabasu narin

bo(ol ma(u sedke kmn-dr (ar(au gbe

kbegn trbes erke okin trbes qula(ayii

ba ar(-a ali yeke-d bui. (aar kdelbes

kmn-dr ma(u bui. erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar

kemey. tabun odun-u dri inu (ar met bui.

Jayitari na(idar-tur im[n]us btgebes nasun[-u tarni]

uribasu dalal(-a dalalbasu erketen-i nomo(odqabasu

427
TRANSCRIPTION

[28v]

ger ed'kebes ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun iledbes

qurimlabasu gked-n eliy-e darubasu debel ed'kebes

em ungla(ulbasu sayin bui. okin gbes beri

ba(ul(abasu burqan takibasu ker sur(abasu

kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu tlii gbes

bo(ol qudaldubasu ma(u bui. kbegn trbes

taiyang(ui yeke na(adum inggeldki-dr duratai

bolumui. (aar kdelbes urad-dur ma(u. ed mal

ibqarabasu doron-a g-n (urban kmn qula(uyu

l oldayu. kbes erlig-d-n udusq-a bui

nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui.

Suvadi na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i

na(idar bui. egn-dr suu ali-yu(an takibasu

dalal(-a dalalbasu tariyan taribasu burqan-i

takibasu egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu

ya(un ba abubasu sarid [=arid] deledbes abiig abubasu

in-e ger-dr orobasu biig biibes ang

kengger'ge deledbes idar tatabasu in-e debel

emsbes em ungla(ulbasu sayin bui. qurimlabasu

em-e abubasu kmn kbes mr (arbasu ma(u.

428
TRANSCRIPTION

kbegn trbes dayisun olan bolu(ad ebedit

bolumui. (aar kdelbes altain-a ma(u bui. degerkei

sedkilten kmi. ed mal ibqarabasu nin

kmn qula(uyu darui oldayu. tngri-yin (aar-a

ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar kemey drben

odun-u dri inu jindamuni met bui.

[29r]

ua( na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un

na(idar bui. egn-dr a(al morin sur(abasu

eliy-e-yi darubasu ri gbes debel ed'kebes

beri abubasu u(tubasu dalal(-a dalalbasu

i(ulilabasu quda anda bolulibasu li

qutu( oroi(ulbasu qota asabasu tariyan

taribasu mr (arbasu sayin bui. mal (ada(i

(ar(abasu kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes

ma(u. kbegn trbes dayisun-i daruyu kmn-e

erggdek sein bolu(ad sedkil inu batu. kbes

deged trl-<y>i oluyu. (aar kdelbes tariyan

elbeg bolqu. ed mal ibqarabasu l oldayu

ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar kemey drben

429
TRANSCRIPTION

odun-u dri a(ula met. emn-e g-n (al-un

dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe.

Anurad na(idar-tur mr (arbasu i(ulilabasu

r-e saubasu do(id-un ile iledbes

dalal(-a abubasu saki(ulsun iledbes

dayisun-dur ol(obasu burqan-i takibasu

oid-i kndlebes debel eskebes dayisun-i

daruqu iles-i iledbes sayin bui. kgsen-

tr tlii gbes okin gbes beri abubasu

qurimlabasu erig mordobasu ma(ui. kbegn trbes

agabad teglder nom-dur tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui.

(aar kdelbes sayin bui. ed adu(usun ibqarabasu

umara g-n dolo(an kmn qula(uyu dolo(an

[29v]

edr-d oldayu belbesn em-e kmn bk (aar

bariqu na(idar kemey. ir(u(an odun-u

dri inu a(an-u terign met bui.

ista na(idar kemebes im[n]us-un na(idar bui

egn-dr dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu nasun[-u tarni] uribasu

qutu( oroi(ulbasu r-e saubasu ri

430
TRANSCRIPTION

abubasu ereg mordobasu ar(u qa(alabasu

sayin bui. burqan takibasu dayisun-dur ol(obasu

adu(usun ba okin gbes abubasu kgsen-dr

buyan iledbes dorm-a o(orbasu mr (arbasu

debel ed'kebes kmn kbes ma(u bui. kbegn

trbes amin nasun oqor bolqu. toyin bolbasu

a(abad-iyan ebdek riyek sedkelgeg

boluyu. (aar kdelbes a(ula ebderemi. ed mal

ibqarabasu geigen-dr tgenet kmn qula(uyu

umara g-ee ire abaiyu dolo(an edr-e oldayu.

do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar kemey. (urban

odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui.

Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u [=albin-u] na(idar bui. egndr

amidu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile-dr sayin

burqan takibasu buyan oli( gbes dalal(-a dalalbasu

mal qudaldubasu r-e saubasu eyetldbes beri

ba(ul(abasu qudaldu kibes ger baribasu mr

(arbasu degerme odbasu i(ulilabasu sayin bui.

debel ed'kebes ri gbes in-e ger abubasu

ma(u. kbegn trbes eige inu ky. sgsen

431
TRANSCRIPTION

[30r]

qoyin-a (aar-ta(an l aqu bui. (aar kdelbes

usun irgey busud-dur ma(u. ed mal ibqarabasu

umara g-n aq-a deg qoyar kmn qula(uyu

(a(a(ar toyin i(au ggmi. quya( ems'ki

na(idar kemey (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn-

qan-u terign- sn met bui.

Burvasad na(idar kemebes erketen- na(idar bui

busud-i takibasu nasun[-u tarni] uribasu degeds-<y>i kndlebes

ed mal abubasu arid deledbes subur(-a bosqabasu

dalal(-a dalalbasu ekil [=ekin] eribes luus-un qad (aar-un

eid-i asabasu isn il tariyan-i anibasu okin

gbes ber'i abubasu k sang-un ger bosqabasu

ner-e gbes tariyan taribasu aq-a kmn- iles-dr

sayin. temdegt adu(usun gbes mr (arbasu

debel ed'kebes kmn kbes ma(u. kbegn

trbes bayan bolu(ad gligi nom-dur duritu

boluyu. kbes deged trl oluyu. (aar kdelbes

[n]ilq-a ke ba ai qudalduin-a ma(u bui. drben

odun-u dri inu segl met bui.

Udarisad na(idar-tur burqan-i takibasu em

432
TRANSCRIPTION

ungla(ulbasu ber'i ba(ul(abasu ri abubasu

tarni uribasu dalal(-a dalalbasu baa( abubasu

tariyan taribasu debel eskebes mr (arbasu

arudasun qudaldubasu sayin. r-e tariyan gbes

yasun (ar(abasu tlii gbes ma(ui. kbegn trbes

bayan bolu(ad yeke beligt [=biligt] amitan-a tuslamui. (aar

[30v]

kdelbes li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui

timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui. tabun odun-u

dri inu a(an met bui

Abiji na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar bui

egn-dr beri ba(ul(abasu ger baribasu asabasu

gked-n eliy-e darubasu tariyan saubasu debel

ed'kebes quda anda bolbasu okin gbes mr

(arbasu sayin bui. kereg asal iledbes tlii

gbes bombo-nardur ma(u. kmn- yasun (ar(abasu

qargis qari(ulbasu ma(u. kbegn trbes buyan

tegsmi. (aar kdelbes yeke arad toyin-nar-a

ma(u. ed mal ibqarabasu umara g-n usun eteged-

ee kmn ire qula(uyu darui-dur eribes oldayu

433
TRANSCRIPTION

kl-n na(idar bui. drben odun-u dri inu

erdeni morin met bui.

irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui

egndr i(ul(alabasu (aar baribasu i(ulilabasu

morin dobtulbasu beri ba(ul(abasu tngri-nern oga-yi

iledbes gked-n eliy-e darubasu dayisun-dur

ol(obasu kgsed-dr buyan iledbes tariyan-u

ebesn tegbes sayin bui. mr (arbasu debel ed'kebes

ger baribasu do(id-un ile iledbes ma(u bui.

kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l okildun bo(ou kmi.

kbegn-i saki(i kbegn-i bey-e-yi turi modun-

iyar ime doron-a emn-e (arbasu sayin. (aar

kdelbes astir medegid-e ma(u. ed mal

[31r]

ibqarabasu emn-e g-n drben kmn qula(uyu

dolo(an edr oldayu. (urban odun[-u] dri inu

a(an-u terign met bui. rn-e g-n

altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe.

Tanista na(idar-tur mr (arbasu burqan

434
TRANSCRIPTION

takibasu ada(usun-u sr dalalbasu qola ba

oyir-a odbasu erdem sur(abasu ri abubasu

morin qudaldubasu aqu kmn- aliba iled-dr

sayin bui. kgsen kmn-d buyan iledbes

debel ed'kebes beri ba(ul(abasu eremdeg-dr

ada(usun gbes isn il tariyan (ada(i

gbes ma(u. kbegn trbes mungqa( bged

usun-dur kk aya(atu bui. (aar kdelbes

adu(usun-dur ma(u. ed mal ibqarabasu emn-e

g-n kmn abuba. drben odun-u dri

vair met bui.

Sadabis na(idar-tur aliba ola eribes

teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu

dalal(-a dalalbasu morin sur(abasu kmn-i

erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu quda anda eribes

diyan-u ile iledbes na(adun inggeldn

ir(abasu saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu

okin gbes sayin bui. eremdeg ebgen emegen ba.

bandi bombo kmn-e temdegt mal (ada(i (ar(abasu

debel ed'kebes emsbes ma(u bui. kbegn

trbes qaram yeke biligt taiyang(ui gei

435
TRANSCRIPTION

gken sedkil-d boluyu. (aar kdelbes

adu(usun trglten-dr ma(u bui. qoyar odun-u

dri inu rgli seig met bui.

Burvabadaribad na(idar-tur beri ba(ul(abasu

ed mal abubasu ireg degerm-e odbasu dayisun

daruqu iles iledbes qutu( oroi(ulbasu

aliba ile ekilebes qudaldulibasu qudda

anda bolulibasu ugiyaqui oga iledbes

kia(ar (aar-i baribasu ola eribes burqan-

[31v]

dur aliba takil iledbes qurimlabasu mr

(arbasu ger baribasu sayin. debel ed'kebes

mal adu(usun gbes dalal(-a dalalbasu morin

dobtulbasu ma(u kmn trbes yeke beligt [=biligt] bolumui

(aar kdelbes usun elbeg bolu amitan usun-dur

kmi. ed mal ibqarabasu qula(ayii-yin

ai inu i(au ggmi. qoyin-a (arqu

qoyar odun-u dri inu tergen met bui.

Udarbadaribad na(idar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu

to(-a to(alabasu gdeiky-yin takil gbes em

436
TRANSCRIPTION

un[g]la(ulbasu buyan oli( iledbes gked-n

eliy-e-[y]i darubasu beri ba(ul(abasu (al takil

takibasu ariki eskebes [=iskebes] dalal(-a dalalbasu

yampar ba iles iledbes sayin. dayisun-i

kesegeki mandal egdbes morin gbes ola

eribes qudaldubasu qurimlabasu mr (arbasu

ma(u. kbegn okin trbes mungqa( ba

qulu(ayii bolumui. (aar kdelbes barama

ia(ur-tan-a ma(ui. qoyar odun-u dri

inu ele-yin (adasun met bui.

Rivadi na(idar-tur ger baribasu tul(-a tulbasu

beri ba(ul(abasu buyan qurim iledbes em

u[n]gla(ulbasu sm-e baribasu kriy-e deledbes

i(ul(an eyetbes ola eribes eli arubasu

morin qudaldubasu qurimlabasu ker abubasu

qoni yama(-a srglebes erdem sur(abasu qariyal

kibes dorm-a o(orbasu (urbalin mandal

egdbes nomo(odqaqui ile iledbes

iruqai to(alabasu yasun (ar(abasu mr

(arbasu kbegn trbes sayin bui. ri ba

ed mal gbes okin debes kmn kbes

437
TRANSCRIPTION

debel ed'kebes ma(u. (aar kdelbes ar(-a

beligten [=biligten] ber a(uraban ebderem. emegen-

snesn na(idar (uin qoyar odun dri inu

ong(ua met bui.

[32r]

Auvani na(idar-tur in-e debel okiyabasu

qurimlabasu nir[a]i-dur ner-e gbes qayinu(

qudaldubasu beri ba(ul(abasu mal gbes

abubasu i(ulilabasu burqan takibasu to(osq-a

ergelebes dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu mndr

oro(ulbasu una(an sur(abasu tarni uribasu

em ungla(ulbasu adu(usun s[]rglebes

quda anda bolulibasu r-e saubasu dalal(-a

dalalbasu buyan iledbes kgsen kmn-dr

buyan iledbes kl-n segl tasulbasu

subur(-a bosqabasu modun taribasu ger negbes

sayin. keregr bolbasu ma(u. kbegn trbes

ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu. (aar

kdelbes tngri im[n]us gen bolumui.

(urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui.

438
TRANSCRIPTION

Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban

kl met bui. egn-dr qa(al(-a ba usun

tegerme bosqabasu oga kibes (adquldubasu

ireg kia(ar (aar-i baribasu erdem sur(abasu

biig ungibasu qota deledbes ri

gbes belbesn em-e abubasu adalabasu

eliy-e darubasu dayisun[-u] ner-e-yi irubasu ma(u.

do(id-un iles ba abalabasu debel ed'kebes

sayin. mr (arbasu kmn- yasun bulabasu

ma(u. kbegn trbes alalduqui nitulqui-

tur duritu. sedkil inu ma(u. qoyin-a tamu-dur

unamu. (aar kdelbes nara sara kbes

ma(ad qula(an-a ma(u bui. (urban odun-u

dri inu lingquu-a met bui

umara g-n usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe.

Enedk[e]g-n keleber. na(idar-a sam-a yogibani..

Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang

ildanbala kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab]: mong(olilbasu

odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi.

[32v]

439
TRANSCRIPTION

sadhu kemeged arli( bolurun. ai okin ken

buyu. aqui (aar inu qami(-a bui. ya(un idamu

kemen asa(u(san-dur tere okin glern. bi

tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu. bi

tngri-yi kelbeyilgen idamui. (aar-<y>i tbidken

idamu. dayisun-i qari(ulun idamu qa(urai

(aara usun (ar(an idamu. qada ila(un-

aa modun (ar(an idamu. geg kmn-i bayan

bol(an idamu. qa(an basa asa(urun ai okin

i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge

glemi. teyin bges minu odun ali bui

kemebes. okin qari(uu gler-n. qa(an

biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad. tas

dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d

keb-d-i uyau eldeb idegen kiged takil

beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-<y>i taki. gara(

ba yabuqui odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei

bi kemebe. qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar

darui takil-<y>i beled asa(ur-un. ai okin

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali

Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun

440
TRANSCRIPTION

ali bui. dumda bki-yi to(orin yabu(i odun

ali bui. a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun

ali bui. okin qari(uu gler-n Jagarvar-un

qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun

kiged Vim-a neret qoyar odun bui. Smber

a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i <m>odun mn uridu

qoyar odun teriglen ir(u(an qadu(ur odun

ba. tngri-yin noqai ba. Modun odun kiged orgil-

iyar to(orimui. Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-

iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen qorin naiman

odun ba. nara sara kiged isn gara( ba.

a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar okin

tngri ba. yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a

to(orimui. door-a to(ori(i arban qoyar

[33r]

sara-dur nigen il. nigen il-dr (urban a(un

iran edr bui. dolo(an a(un qorin a( bui.

nigen edr-d nigen il bui. ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge]

niiged odun bui. niiged gara( bui. niiged

gara(-lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui. arban tabun

441
TRANSCRIPTION

odun bgde door-a to(orimui. qa(an basa

asa(urun odun-u terign ali bui. odud-un

sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui. tngri-yin egde

ali bui. (aar-un egde ali bui kemebes

basa okin qari(u gler-n. odud-un terign

Kerteg bui. sayin egde mn Kerteg bui. ma(u

egde Barani buyu. tngri-yin egde mn

Kerteg buyu. (aar-un egde mn Barani kemebe.

basa qa(an asa(urun (al-un galab bol(a(i

odun ali bui. usun-u galab bol(a(i odun ali bui

kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun ali bui kemebes

okin qari(uu gler-n (al-un galab bol(a(i

Barani bui. usun galab bol(a(i Jayitari bui. key-yin

galab bol(a(i Burnavasu buyu kemebe. basa qa(an

asa(urun. nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i odun

ali bui. nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui.

nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui. nigen

qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui. geg

kmn-i bayan bol(a(i odun ali bui. bayan kmn-i

gegreglegi odun ali bui. qurim-dur keig

tasulu(i odun ali bui. iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i]

442
TRANSCRIPTION

timeriddgi odun ali bui. nigen beteg [=biteg] tariyan-i

a(un a(urqai bol(a(i odun ali bui. r-e

gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun ali bui

(uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui.

i(ul(an-dur ola ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui.

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i

odun ali bui. qan kmn-i r-e alda(ulu(i

[odun] ali bui. inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i

odun ali bui. timed-n erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i

[33v]

odun ali bui. ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin

a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui. ma(ui

udusq-a ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i

odun ali bui. kemebes okin qari(uu glern.

nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i Suvadi buyu. nigen

gegn-i a(un bol(a(i Burvabadaribad buyu. nigen

ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu. nigen qonin-i

a(un bol(a(i Asli( buyu. nigen biteg tariyan-i

a(un a(urqai bol(a(i Rivad'i buyu. geg

kmn-i bayan bol(a(i Mul buyu. bayan kmn-i

443
TRANSCRIPTION

gegriglgi Rkini buyu. balai kmn-i nidt[e]i

bol(a(i Anurad buyu. kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin

a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu.

i(ul(an-dur ola ol(a(ulu(i Burvasad buyu.

qurim-dur keig tasulu(i Burvabalguni buyu

takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i

Mig buyu. ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-dr

oro(ulu(i Qasta buyu. iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i]

(al-dur timeriddgi Rivadi buyu ba(i

kmn-i idker-<y>i bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i

Burnavasu buyu. inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i

Udaribadaribad buyu. qan kmn-i r-e-yi

alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu. timed-n erge-

ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu. ma(ui udusq-a

ma(ui ile geg duta(uu bol(a(i Barani buyu

kemebe. basa okin glern ir(u(an qada(ur

odun-dur mese buu barii. Vim-a neret qatun

ge ii buu igl. miqai a(an-dur yasun

buu (ar(-a. tngri-yin i(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu

dalal. dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un

egde buu nege. rn-e doron-a i(ta(-a-dur

444
TRANSCRIPTION

ber'i buu ba(ul(-a. o(tu yeke a(an-dur

tariyan buu tari. yeke amatu sn-e-dr

morin buu dobtul. kemebes. qa(an teden

alimad bui kemen asa(ubasu okin qari(uu

[34r]

glern ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu.

ereg mordobasu esereg tesereg gleldy

Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu. tegndr ii

buu igl. iglbes qoyin-a l try

miqai a(an Jayitari buyu tegndr yasun

buu (ar(-a (ar(abasu kl-n segl l

tasuriyu. tngri-yin i(ta(-a ista buyu tegn-e

burqan takibasu dalal(-a dalalbasu darui-dur

qoor qomsa boluyu. dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu]

tama(-a Udarisad buyu tegndr tariyan buu

g. gbes sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu.

rn-e doron-a-yin i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu tegn-e

beri buu ba(ul(a okin buu g. o(tu yeke

a(an Mig buyu tegndr tariyan taribasu

ker ky. amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad

445
TRANSCRIPTION

buyu. tegndr morin buu dobtul. morin ky.

yer r-e tasulu(i Mul buyu buyan keig

ebdereglgi Burvasad buyu. nigen em-e-yi isn

er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu. nigen

qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi

Abiji buyu. qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun

(ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu. ai qa(an narin-a

e gn-e onou medegdeki.

dtger arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi

glesgei.

Qulu(an-a edr iro-a buu e. dayisun-

lu(-a buu (adquldu ilige buu (ar(a. ri

buu g. in-e debel buu eske buu ems.

kerbe emsbes qulu(an-a qaayu. qudaldu

kibes buyan iledbes ger baribasu degerem

qula(ai yabubasu sayin. ula(an debel buu edke

buu ems.

ker edr qudaldu keyibes ai( gei.

ger baribasu beri ba(ul(abasu amin saki(ulsun

iledbes bal(asun deledbes sayin. kbegn-dr

ger baribasu kbegn ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu

446
TRANSCRIPTION

[34v]

beri-yin amin oqor boluyu. erig buu morda.

ker kemebes yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr

buyu. ula(an altatu debel buu ems buu ed'ke.

in-e mala(-a buu ems

Baras edr burqan buu taki. takibasu burqan-u

ein mese-dr ky. modun buu o(tol.

gegrek ma(u edr bui. qota bal(asun imebes

dayisun-dur ol(obasu buyan oli( gbes

(al-un takil takibasu do(id-un iles-dr

sayin. eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu ems.

Taulai edr qan oron-a sa(ubasu degeds-<y>i

kndlebes bou( abubasu morin sur(abasu

em okiyabasu sayin. nutu( buu e. erket

(aar buu knde. kndebes luus-un qad-un ebedin

krtey. mndr buu oro(ul. sada(-a buu g.

tr buu bari. baribasu ebderey. oli(

qari(ulul buu iled (aar-un eid luus-un

qad-un ada adalamui. no(o(an debel buu

ed'ke buu ems.

447
TRANSCRIPTION

Luu edr nom nomlabasu ang kenggerge

deledbes. briy-e tatabasu (al-un takil

iledbes idkd-<y>i nomo(odqabasu

nasun btgebes dalal(-a dalalbasu do(id-un

tarni uribasu dayisun-a ol(abasu qutu(

oroi(ulbasu sayin. buu ukila ni l

usadqu. qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu. qa(uin

debel buu tan-a [=tanu]. ebderegsen ger buu selbi::

Mo(ai edr (aar-un ein-i takibasu nutu(

ularibasu mal gbes aman aldabasu tarni

uribasu uduri(ulbasu abubasu burqan

takibasu (aar usun-aa ekin eribes sayin.

li qutu(tu edr bui beri buu ba(ul(-a.

ba(ul<a>(abasu qa(aamui. ese bges r-e inu

l bayimui. bulai buu bula. idkd-<y>i buu

daru(ul. qara debel buu ed'ke buu ems.

Morin edr debel ed'kebes altan maltabasu.

[35r]

naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu temeildbes

ger negbes mai sayin. i(ulilabasu

448
TRANSCRIPTION

yabudal uda(an bolqu. morin dobtulbasu

morin inu ky. ese bges emegel qa(arayu

in-e ger baribasu okin gbes aliba ri

gbes em ungla(ulbasu ma(u. qara debel

buu ed'ke buu ems.

Qonin edr burqan takibasu aar(-a buur-a

buq-a qua talbibasu nom biibes

ungibasu bal(asun deledbes kbegn-e

ger baribasu okin gbes qoniin-i eribes

sayin. em buu ungla(ul. ereg mordobasu

ger negbes ma(u. qas debel buu ed'ke

buu ems.

Bein edr ger negbes beri abubasu modun

taribasu in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu ola

eribes ang kenggerge deledbes na(addun

na(adbasu buyan oli( gbes i(ul(an

i(ulbasu sayin. debel ba ger ed'kebes

ein inu kk ma(u. ara debel buu ed'ke

buu ems.

Takiy-a edr buyan iledbes (al takil takibasu

engkri kbegn-i teigebes i(ulilabasu

449
TRANSCRIPTION

ger negbes. mr (arbasu em ungla(ulbasu

sayin. i(ul(an buu i(ul. qurimlabasu

ger baribasu ma(u. ala( debel buu edke

buu ems altan buu sri.

Noqai edr ile baribasu i(ulilabasu

ereg mordabasu burqan takibasu degerm-e

odbasu kbegn-e mi gbes okin gbes

ner-e eribes tngri (aar-<y>i takibasu ig

ibes (adquldubasu sayin. ger negbes

in-e beri abubasu ma(u. a(an debel buu

ed'ke buu ems.

[35v]

'aqai edr daru(ulquy-yin iles iledbes

rdovarm-a a(urbasu do(id-un iles iledbes

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu qadatu (aar-

tur taribasu qadan-dur ger baribasu

qari(ulqu-yin ile iledbes sayin.

kgsen kmn-i [=kmn-] yasun (ar(abasu kegr

oroi(ulbasu okin beri gbes engkri

idkd-i nomo(odqabasu ma(u. no(o(an

450
TRANSCRIPTION

debel buu ed'ke buu ems.

arban qoyar ein anu. Kitad sg-dr.

an uu man bing. ding gi p i.

eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui.

mong(ol sg-dr

eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi

btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen

ungimui.

an eilegi edr ger asabasu mr (arbasu

ong(od-i takibasu biig-dr orobasu noyad

isanglaqu busud-iyar i(ulilabasu noyad

ii-dr ol(obasu sayin. (aar l kndek

sang l negek in-e ba qa(uin

ong(oa mrin-e buu oro(ul buu getlge. ede

iles-dr ma(u.

uu aril(a(i edr tngri ong(od-i takibasu

amin saki(ulsun ile iledbes ger baribasu

aabasu [=asabasu] mr (arbasu adu(usun srg

sal(abasu qudaldu arila kibes mal in-e

451
TRANSCRIPTION

kebtein-e kebteglbes. otai-yin em

nidbes ebedin bari(ulbasu ger-dr

yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes modun

iig taribasu em asal ungla(ulbasu

(al takibasu kger-n snesn tlebes

sayin bui. l negk ma(u bui.

[36r]

man dgrgi edr ger asabasu debel

ed'kebes nom biibes modun iig

taribasu tama(-a i(ul(abasu in-e ger-

tr orobasu sang negebes glige

gbes abubasu amin-u saki(ulsun

iledbes in-e krge tatabasu quddu(

nke butegen [=btegen] bulabasu ede iles-dr sayin

(aar kndebes qola (aar-a qudaldu

odbasu em uu(ubasu ger negbes ma(u.

ping tbidkegi edr mr (arbasu ger

tergen asabasu kibes bribesu ger

dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e

452
TRANSCRIPTION

asabasu sayin. usun suba( tatabasu

tariyan taribasu debel ed'kebes nom biibes

ma(u bui.

ding to(ta(i edr nom-dur orobasu debel

ed'kebes tngri ong(od-i takibasu okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu kegken abun

neyilikilbes adu(usun sal(an srglebes

mal gbes a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu

qudaldu kibes sayin. ar(u buu sonos buu

i(-a. mr (arbasu tariyan taribasu ma(u bui.

gi saki(i edr amin-u oli( saki(ulsun

iledbes tngri ong(od-i takibasu qa(an-a

tatal(-a biig oro(ulbasu kbegn okin-i

neyiilebes ablabasu buliyan qula(ayiin-i

getebes i(asun (okilabasu biig

abulibasu sayin. in-e ger-dr orobasu

negbes mr (arbasu ger-dr-iyen qaribasu

k sang negebes. in-e ong(oa usun-a

oro(ulbasu glige gbes adu(usun-i

in-e kebtein-dr kebteglbes ma(u bui.

p ebdegi. edr otai-yi erin ebedin-i

453
TRANSCRIPTION

iglbes qa(uin ger ebdebes em

nidbes qula(ayii kmn-i eriglbes

isa(labasu sayin (aar kndebes mr

[36v]

(arbasu erkei iribasu ger negbes

tariyan taribasu in-e ong(oa usun-a

oro(ulbasu okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu

(al takibasu mal in-e kebtein-e

kebteglbes ma(u bui.

i t[g]igi edr amin-u saki(ulsun

iledbes qa(an-a tatal(-a biig oro(ulbasu

okin bo(talabasu (uyubasu ablabasu in-e

irigen oro asabasu qudaldu kibes

mal in-e kebtein-e kebteglbes sayin

modun o(talun negbes ong(oa yabu(ul-

basu ma(u bui.

eng btgi edr tngri ong(od-i takibasu

amin oli( saki(ulsun iledbes debel

ed'kebes okin bo(talabasu qa(an-a tatal(-a

biig oro(ulbasu ger bribes mal-i ber-e

454
TRANSCRIPTION

sal(abasu a(ur tegerme bosqabasu biig

abulibasu ebedin-i asabasu qa(uin ger

asabasu tariyan seig taribasu mr (arbasu

in-e gertr orobasu nigen ger-n bara(an-i

nkge gerte okiyabasu beri ba(ul(abasu

glige gbes aiglabasu kmn-e adu(usun

gbes yerde sayin. a(aldubasu ma(u bui.

iu quriya(i edr buliyan qula(ai getebes

abalabasu (adan-a-aa bara(an oro(ulbasu

ger tergen asabasu tariyan iig taribasu

tngri ong(od-i takibasu biig-dr orobasu

em-e abubasu sang-un ger bosqabasu i(asun

igrdebes kmn-e ed mal gbes ai(

ri abubasu sayin. qa(uin kger-n yasun

asabasu burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool

irken oro(ulbasu mr (arbasu tgenebes

inglebes nom biig biibes i(ul(an

i(ulbasu ma(u bui.

ke negegi edr amin oli( saki(ulsun

iledbes tngri-yi takibasu qa(an-a biig

455
TRANSCRIPTION

[37r]

oro(ulbasu biig-dr orobasu debel ed'kebes

okin bo(talabasu ablabasu ger tergen bosqabasu

suba( tatabasu quddu(-tur orobasu a(ur

tegerm-e bosqabasu mal srglebes qudaldu

keyibes ger asabasu k sang negebes tariyan

taribasu noyan ii ol(abasu aliba iles

iledbes in-e ger-dr orobasu negbes em-e

abubasu ebedin baribasu (aar kndebes sayin.

(aar kdelbes qudaldu kibes sarayin

inede ma(u bui.

bi qa(a(i edr amin oli( saki(ulsun

iledbes tngri ong(od-i takibasu kbegn

okin neyiilebes qudaldu kibes adu(usun-i

srglebes glige gbes abubasu ger

tergen asabasu (aar kndebes quddu( nke

bulabasu tariyan modun taribasu kger-n

abdara kibes oron-u irige baribasu sayin.

tgenebes inglebes em nidbes (al

takibasu mr (arbasu in-e ger-dr orobasu

negbes ma(u bui.

456
TRANSCRIPTION

basa nigen eket qota bal(asun bariqu sayin

edr kemebes. Mig Burvabalguni Udaribalguni

Burvasad Udarisad Sadabis Udaribadaribad

enen-e sayin Saran. Usun Modun Altan odud

sayin. ker Qonin edr sayin. qorin tabun sayin

qorin ir(u(an Qubi sar-a ma(u bui.

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu

ola abqu sayin edr kemebes Qubi sara

Naiman sara sayin. Rkini Udaribalguni

Udarisad Sadabis sayin. Sara Usun Modun Altan

ede sayin. Taulai edr sayin (urban arban kiged

ker edr ma(u.

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes

Kerteg Rkini Mig Burvabalguni Udaribalguni

[37v]

Burvasad Udarisad Udaribadaribad Rivadi

ede sayin. Saran Usun Modun Altan odud

sayin. dolo(an in-e arban naiman qorin

tabun sayin ker Qonin edr sayin. Morin edr

(urban (urban-du ma(u. Jayitari Suvadi ua(

457
TRANSCRIPTION

ma(u. Naran 'al iroi eden-e ma(u bui.

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu(

oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes Arban nigen

sara-aa Tabun sara krtel-e sayin. aliba sarayin

inein qoyar (urban naiman arban qoyar tabun sayin

odun na(idar sayin bges qa(uin-dur u

sayin. arban isn (uin-a ma(u. Saran

Usun Modun Altan odud sayin. Rkini

Ardar Bus Udaribalguni ista Mul Burvasad

Udarisad irvan Burvabadaribad ede sayin.

basa sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin

edr kemebes. dandris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i

qutu( oroi(ulqu kemebes sarayin inede

iledteki buyu. odun na(idar uirabasu

qa(uin-dur iledbes gem l bolumui. kemen

nomla(san-u tulada. ndsn- yosu(ar qutu(

oroi(ulqui-dur sarayin in-e inu Qubi Qoyar

'urban Drben Tabun Kgeler ede sarada naran

umara g odqui ir(u(an sara sayin bui.

inein qoyar (urban naiman arban qoyar tabun ede

458
TRANSCRIPTION

edr sayin. qorin isn (uin-a ma(u bui.

na(idar-un sayin inu Burvasad Rkini irvan

Udaribalguni Ardar ista Mul Bus Udarisad

Udaribadaribad ede odun edr qutu( oroi(ulbasu

amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey.

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui. Mul

Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui

Ardar-dr buyan ke[i]g sayitur nemey. Rkini-

tur busud-i ilaqui ba Margaar-dur amu(ulang

[38r]

nuta bolumui. Burvasad Udarisad-dur kbegn

ainar olan bolumui. Udaribadaribad-dur

adistid yeke bolumui. Anurad-du deged

idi olqu boluyu.

basa gara( odun-u sayin inu Saran Usun Modun

eden-e qutu( oroi(ulbasu deged amu(ulang

bolu(ad qamu( ksel btmi. Naran 'al iroi

ede-dr adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi yeke boluyu

basa edr-n odun-u sayin uiral inu inein (urban

ir(u(an dolo(an arban. arban nigen ede edr

459
TRANSCRIPTION

Saran odun bges mai sayin. inein qoyar

drben naiman arban ede edd Usun odun mai

sayin inein ir(u(an dolo(an ede (urban edr-

ee anggida Altan odun inu bgdede sayin.

ede sayin odun-dur itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ul

basu ai r-e inu mai yeke bolu. abiig

kiged qutu( oroi(ulqu iles yirtin-yin

iles-dr adali busu bolai.

basa nigen eket saran-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-

iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an inu yer

drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui

(urban ir(u(an-a tarqamui. drben dumdadu

sarayin (urban dolo(an-a i(ulumui. (urban

naiman tarqamui. drben es sarayin

(urban tabun-a i(ulumui. (urban drben-e

tarqamui. ede i(ulqui edr aliba do(in

iles iledbes sayin tegn belge inu

vair bui. qariqui edr-n

belge inu arimda( vair bui.

egn-dr do(in iles buu iled.

460
TRANSCRIPTION

basa nigen eket Mahauvari tngri kiged

Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigten-

iyer kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan

tengse i(ulqui-dur inu. Qubi sarayin

arban drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur.

[38v]

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui

qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a sni dli

drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui.

(urban sarayin qorin qoyar-a sni-yin dli-yin

urida drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl

i(ulumui. Drben sarayin naiman inede r

giki-dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran

mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar

kriyelegl i(ulumui. ir(u(an sarayin

naiman inede tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud

terigten bgede Smber a(ula-yin orgil

deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari

terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi

461
TRANSCRIPTION

tai(ura(san-u tulada ene sarada qariqu

gei bgetel-e ir(u(an inede ken

i(ulumui. Dolo(an sarayin qorin tabun-a

r geyiki-dr ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui. Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin

krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl

nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui. Isn

sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e

naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki

a(-tur i(ulumui. arban sarayin arban

drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un

ayima(-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-

tur i(ulumui. Arban nigen sarayin qorin

qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer

kriyelegl edr dli-ee sni krtel-e

i(ulumui. Kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui

bgetele qorin isn-e sni dli tngri

mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba

yeke i(ul(an buyu. ede edd (adasun

qadququi. krdn ori(ulqui tul(-a

bolqui isun qadu(ur orkiqui (al

462
TRANSCRIPTION

[39r]

mandal tleki mndr oro(ulqui terigten

aliba do(in ile iledbes matar-un

qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr adali ma(u

bui. qariyal gegy-e btmi. tegn-

belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adasun

basa nigen eket naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui

inu Qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban

isn-e nara inggeki-dr qarimui. qoyar

sarayin nigen in-e qorin naiman-a nara inggeki-

tr qarimui. (urban sarayin (urban in-e qorin

naiman (uin-a edr dli-dr qarimui. Drben

sarayin qorin tabun-a sni dli qarimui. tabun

sarayin arban ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui.

ir(u(an sarayin arban nigen (urban tabun isn

ede edd-dr edr dli qarimui. Dolo(an sarayin

arban qoyar dolo(an-a r geyiki-dr qarimui

Naiman sarayin (urban in-e arban (urban-a r

geyiki-dr qarimui. Isn sarayin qoyar in-e nara

manduqui-dur qarimui. arban sarayin arban naiman-a

463
TRANSCRIPTION

edr dli qarimui. arban nigen sarayin qorin-a

sni dli qarimui. Kgeler sarayin qorin dolon-a

sni dli qarimui. ede edd urida glegsen-

tr adali do(in iles iledbes iled-

dgi kmn- amin nasun oqor bolumui.

ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e

kbegn kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa

yeke bolqu. tegn- belge inu gede qandu(san

(adasun bui.

basa nigen eket sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-

iyar luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr kemebes

Qubi sarayin arban dolo(an-a i(ulumui.

qoyar sarayin (urban in-e (urban sarayin qoyar in-e

arban tabun. Drben sarayin naiman in-e arban

tabun qorin naiman-a tabun sarayin tabun in-e qorin

qoyar. ir(u(an sarayin qorin tabun-a.

[39v]

Dolo(an<-a> sarayin arban qoyar tabun

isn-e Naiman sarayin arban drben tabun

(uin-a: Isn sarayin arban nigen qorin qoyar.

464
TRANSCRIPTION

arban sarayin inein tabun naiman-a. arban nigen

sarayin arban dolo(an qorin dolo(an-a.

Kgeler sarayin qorin isn-e i(ulumui ede

edd-dr (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu

mai sayin bui tegn- belge inu kke na(ur bui

luus-un qad-un qariqui edr anu. Qubi sarayin

nigen in-e arban-a qarimui. qoyar sarayin arban

drben qorin naiman-a (urban sarayin arban

ir(u(an-a Drben sarayin arban ir(u(an

tabun sarayin inein naiman arban drben

qorin isn-e. ir(u(an sarayin nigen in-e

arban nigen-e Dolo(an sarayin tabun in-e

ir(u(an-a. Naiman sarayin ir(u(an in-e

arban (urban-a Isn sarayin inein isn

arban isn qorin-a arban sarayin arban isn

arban nigen sarayin arban ir(u(an qorin ir(u(an

(uin-a. Kgeler sarayin qoyar in-e arban

qoyar qorin qoyar-a qarimui. ede edd-dr

(aar usun eid-i takibasu a(an asal

kibes tusa l boluyu. tegn- belge

465
TRANSCRIPTION

inu ula(an nara bui

basa nigen eket saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar

gara(-ud-un idei ereky-yin arudasun baling

do(in inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada

gara(-ud-un inu-a kemegdey. tngri-yin Vim-a

neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai

kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun

ein qa(an kemegdey. ene kemebes erekey-yin

inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen

morin unuu yirti[n]-yi ebdegi qara

orong(-a bariu Qubi sarayin naiman inide

[40r]

dei idei eren gimi. qoyar sarayin arban

naiman-a sni dli x (urban sarayin qorin naiman-a

nara manduqui-dur x Drben sarayin tabun inede

nara manduqui-dur x tabun sarayin arban tabun-a

bri-d x ir(u(an sarayin qorin tabun-a

Dolo(an sarayin nigen inede rlge x Naiman

sarayin arban nigen-e nara manduqui-dur x Isn

466
TRANSCRIPTION

sarayin qorin nigen dei x arban sarayin isn

inede sni dli x arban nigen sarayin arban

isn-e sni dli. Kgeler sarayin qorin

isn-e rlge idei eren gimi

edr dli emn-e g-ee umara g gimi. rn-e-

ee doron-a g sni dli gimi. umara g-ee

emn-e g gimi. egni gik eser'g irig uduridbasu

ereg-n noyan kk. beri ba(ul(abasu kk qa(aaqu

bolqu. yasun (ar(abasu mn sarada kmn kk. ebedin

krtebes ana(aquy-a berke. kbegn trbes qoyin-a

ma(u. irig degerm-e kiged do(in iles tegni

da(an iledbes yeke kt bolumui tegn

belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui.

baling do(in Baras Taulai Luu Takiy-a

qami(-a Morin Qonin Bein ker
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(an-a Mo(ai
sarayin sarayin sarayin sarayin
nigen in-e doron-a emn-e rn-e umara
qoyar in-e doron-a rn-e rn-e umara
emn-e emn-e umara doron-a
(urban in-e umar-a doron-a doron-a rn-e
drn-e emn-e emn-e umara
[=doron-a]
drben in-e emn-e rn-e umara doron-a

467
TRANSCRIPTION

tabun in-e umara drn-e emn-e rn-e

[=doron-a]
ir(u(an in-e rn-e rn-e umara doron-a
emn-e umara doron-a emn-e
dolo(an in-e rn-e doron-a rn-e rn-e
umara emn-e emn-e
naiman in-e rn-e umara doron-a emn-e
isn in-e doron-a emn-e rn-e umara
arban in-e doron-a rn-e rn-e doron-a
emn-e emn-e umara umara

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker

3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8 Qoni

9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.

[40v]

Baras Taulai Luu Takiy-a

Morin Qonin Bein ker
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(an-a Mo(ai
sarayin sarayin sarayin sarayin
arban drn-e doron-a rn-e rn-e
nigen [=doron-a] emn-e emn-e umara
umara
arban emn-e doron-a umara doron-a
qoyar
arban umara doron-a emn-e rn-e
(urban

468
TRANSCRIPTION

arban rn-e rn-e doron-a doron-a

drben emn-e umara umara emn-e
arban rn-e doron-a doron-a rn-e
tabun umara umara emn-e emn-e
arban rn-e umara doron-a emn-e
ir(u(an
arban doron-a emn-e rn-e umara
dolo(an
arban doron-a rn-e rn-e doron-a
naiman emn-e emn-e umara umara
arban doron-a doron-a rn-e rn-e
isn umara emn-e emn-e umara
qorin emn-e rn-e umara doron-a

Baras Taulai Luu Takiy-a

Morin Qonin Bein ker
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(an-a Mo(ai
sarayin sarayin sarayin sarayin
qorin umara doron-a emn-e rn-e
nigen
qorin rn-e rn-e doron-a doron-a
qoyar emn-e umara umara emn-e
qorin rn-e umara doron-a emn-e
(urban umara doron-a emn-e rn-e
qorin rn-e umara doron-a emn-e
drben
qorin rn-e emn-e rn-e umara
tabun
qorin doron-a emn-e rn-e doron-a
ir(u(an emn-e rn-e emn-e umara

469
TRANSCRIPTION

qorin doron-a rn-e doron-a rn-e

dolo(an umara emn-e emn-e umara
qorin emn-e rn-e umara doron-a
naiman
qorin umara doron-a emn-e rn-e
isn
(uin rn-e rn-e doron-a doron-a
emn-e umara umara emn-e

[41r]

basa nigen eket baling do(in qami(-a sa(uqu

tere g-dr yasun (ar(abasu mr btgek-yin

urida kimor bolqu. ireg mordobasu noyan-u

bey-e ba morin-dur ma(u. i(ulin yabubasu

qariu l irek. beri ba(ul(abasu qoyar

kmn kk. qota baribasu gegrek. glige

gbes abubasu buyan keig ba(uraqu.

dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu ba(i on-du

l krk. qudalduin-dur odbasu ed

tavar-iyan aldaqu. qula(ai kibes yal-a-dur

oroqu. oliy-a gbes qoor qoromi

bolqu. eliy-e-yi darubasu kl-n segl l

tasuraqu ma(u bui.

basa nigen eket il kiged sar-a edr a(-un

470
TRANSCRIPTION

qara-yi il(au biisgei. a(an baras ging

in<g>. qara mo(ai im gi. kke bein a ii

ira (aqai uu gii ede naiman il qara bui.

basa nigen ekit

arban qoyar sarayin qara inu. Qulu(an-a

Morin il-e qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i

namurun dumdadu gegreglegi. ker Qonin

il-e qaburun es r-e tasulu(i.

namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui. Baras Bein il-e

un-u terign r-e tasulu(i. ebln terign

geyireglgi sara bui. Taulai Takiy-a il-e

un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i. ebln dumdadu

geyireglegi sara bui. Luu Noqai il-e un-u

es r-e tasulu(i ebln es geyir[e]glgi

sara bui. Mo(ai 'aqai il-e qaburun terign

r-e tasulu(i namurun terign geyireglgi

sara bui.

ede qara saras-un drben terign sarayin

terign-i qara drben dumdadu sarayin

niru(u-[y]i qara. drben es sarayin

segl-i qara bui. ede qara saras-dur

471
TRANSCRIPTION

[41v]

sm-e keyid bosqabasu qota bal(asun

baribasu yeke tr baribasu qan oron-a

sa(ubasu in-e nutuglabasu beri abubasu

okin gbes kbegn-e mi gbes yeke

negdel yabubasu mai ma(u keiyen ayilatu(ai.

basa nigen ekit

ken edr kemebes Qubi sarayin qorin naiman-a

qoyar sarayin arban naiman (urban sarayin naiman

in-e Drben sarayin qorin tabun. tabun sarayin

arban tabun. ir(u(an sarayin inein tabun.

Dolo(an sarayin qorin nigen Naiman sarayin

arban nigen Isn sarayin inein nigen arban

sarayin qorin isn. arban nigen sarayin arban

isn. arban qoyar sarayin isn in-e.

ede edr-d amurling(ui sayin iles buu iled.

do(in iles-dr sayin. belge ene qara dusul

basa nigen eket

yeke qara edr kemebes Qubi sarayin

Dolo(an in-e qoyar sarayin arban drben (urban

472
TRANSCRIPTION

sarayin qorin nigen. Drben sarayin inein naiman

tabun sarayin arban ir(u(an. ir(u(an sarayin

qorin drben. Dolo(an sarayin inein isn

Naiman sarayin arban naiman. Isn sarayin

qorin dolo(an. arban sarayin arban in-e.

arban nigen sarayin qorin-a Kgeler sarayin

(uin ede edd-dr yampar ba sayin iles

buu iled. bey-e ugiyabasu qari'yal kibes

qoor-a neyileglbes sayin bui.

basa nigen eket geyireglgi qara edr

kemebes yeke qara edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] m

tokiyaldumui. egndr beri ba(ul(abasu

okin gbes kmn kbes nr bges

r-e tasuraqu ed mal (ada(i gbes

bayan bges (uyila(i bolqu. qota

[42r]

bal(asun baribasu ger tergen bosqabasu irig

ayan mordabasu bayar qurim keyibes irken

met amara( kbegn kk. ede edd-dr odun

na(idar sayin bges ber tusa gei. qariyal

473
TRANSCRIPTION

keyibes (urban il-d l btk ile

nigen edr-d btk edr bui.

basa a(-un qara inu qaburun (urban sarada

Bein Takiy-a Noqai a( qara. un-u (urban sar-a

Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara. namurun (urban sarada

ker Luu Noqai a( qara. ebln (urban sarada

ker Mo(ai Noqai a( qara bolumui.

basa nigen eket qara ingpng-n yabudal kemebes

qaburun (urban sarada Baras Bein edr emn-e g-

ee umara g gimi. un-u (urban sarada ker

Qonin edr rn-e-ee doron-a g gimi.

namurun (urban sarada Luu Noqai edr umara-aa

emn-e g gimi. ebln (urban sarada Mo(ai

'aqai edr doron-a-aa rn-e g gimi.

Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a Taulai edr dumda amui.

basa nigen eket

a( kiged (ayila(daqu iles anu qara

ingpng giki anu. Qubi sarayin Baras Bein

edr nara ur(u(san qoyin-a gimi. tere

a(-tur (aar kndebes qota baribasu

sasa deledbes geyirek. qoyar sarayin Baras

474
TRANSCRIPTION

Bein edr sni dli gimi tere a(tur

ermel erbes mandal kibes intarayu. (urban

sarayin Baras Bein edr r geyiki-dr gimi

tere a(-tur (aar kndebes debr bribes

yasun (ar(abasu bariqu (aar eribes ma(u

Drben sarayin ker Qonin edr nara inggeki

a(tur gimi tere a(tur (aar kndebes

suba( asabasu tariyan-u ebesn tegbes muu

Tabun sarayin ker Qonin edr nara ur(uqui a(tur

gimi tere a(tur (aar kndebes iroi

kdelgebes ma(u. ir(u(an sarayin ker Qonin

[42v]

edr nara manduqui-dur gimi. tere a(-tur

ermel erbes ar(u a(aldubasu ma(u.

Dolo(an sarayin Luu Noqai edr nara manduqui

a(tur gimi tere a(tur (ajar kndebes

oda( tlebes a(urqai bulabasu qoriyan

bosqabasu ma(u Naiman sarayin Luu Noqai

edr nara ur(uqui a(tur gimi. tere a(tur

(aar kndebes tegerm-e bosqabasu kriy-e

475
TRANSCRIPTION

baribasu a(urqai erbes ma(u Isn sarayin

Luu Noqai edr r geyigsen qoyin-a gimi

tere a(tur qoriy-a baribasu o(o[l](-a kibes

ma(u. arban sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai edr sni dli

gimi tere a(tur (aar kndebes qota yender

baribasu ma(u. arban nigen sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai

edr sni dli gimi. terr a(tur (aar

kndebes qota baribasu eige aba(-a-yin

yasun bulabasu ma(u. Kgeler sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai

edr tong sni gimi tere a(tur (aar

kndebes sm-e subur(-a baribasu ma(u bui.

aliba iles egni eserg l iledk

do(in qariyal kik qari(ulaqu dayisun-i

daruqu iles-i egn-lge [n]kibes sayin

kt bolumui. egni (alqalaqu ar(-a kemebes

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli e

tegni isn iruqai ene met iruyu tere

g qandu(ulbasu qamu( ma(u iles ayilaqu

buyu. uara(san bges Altan gerel ungi

qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara ji

sg bui.

476
TRANSCRIPTION

basa nigen eket ginggang kemebes nara sara

bari(i do(in gara( kememi qamu(-i geyireglgi

qara imu kemem. tere idei ereki a(tur

a(an ile qara bolumui. qa(an ba(urau

qarau bolumui. timed ba(urau (uyirani

bolumui. ebedin krtebes edegeky-e berke

ese sana(san (aar-aa dayisun bolqu beri

[43r]

abubasu belbesn bolumui. ger baribasu tabun

kmn ky. aliba sayin iles iledbes

ma(u. tegn ba(uqu edr yasun buu (ar(-a

in-e nutu(-dur buu ba(u. beri buu ab.

ni(un trbes do(in gara(-un dotor-a

oroiu eige eke-yu(an [=ygen] arumui. mal adu(usun

idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu (uyirani bolumui

tegn-e ba(uqu edr inu. iroi odun

ekilegsen sarayin arban dolo(an qorin naiman-a

ba(umui. Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin qoyar

in-e qorin drben-e ba(umui. 'al odun

ekilegsen sarayin arban naiman qorin naiman-a

477
TRANSCRIPTION

ba(umui. Modun odun ekilegsen sarayin

arban ir(u(an qorin ir(u(an-a ba(umui

tere mai qata(uu do(in-u tulada.

ayila(daqui. tegn- belge inu

qoyar qara dusul bui.

basa nigen eket tngri ilmus (adqulduqui

edr kemebes. Qubi sarayin inein (urban

tabun qorin-a (adquldumui qoyar sarayin

inein naiman arban qoyar-a (adquldumui

(urban sarayin arban in-e arban nigen qorin-a.

Drben sarayin naiman in-e arban (urban isn-e.

tabun sarayin isn in-e arban ir(u(an-a

ir(u(an sarayin tabun in-e arban ir(u(an-a.

Dolo(an sarayin tabun in-e qorin naiman-a

Naiman sarayin isn in-e arban drben-e

Isn sarayin inein tabun ir(u(an-a.

arban sarayin isn in-e qorin-a

arban nigen sarayin dolo(an in-e qorin naiman-a.

Kgeler sarayin qorin qorin tabun ir(u(an-a

(adquldumui. tere edr luus-un qad

(aar-un eid-i buu taki. ber-n saki(ulsun-

478
TRANSCRIPTION

iyan keiye. aliba iles-i tegn-ee ayila(daqui

tegni belge inu ala( debeskir bui.

[43v]

basa nigen eket ebdegi qara qada(ur

bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr kemebes

Qubi sarayin naiman in-e. qoyar sarayin (urban

in-e (urban sarayin isn in-e. Drben sarayin

(urban in-e. tabun sarayin arban (urban.

ir(u(an sarayin isn in-e. Dolo(an sarayin

dolo(an in-e. Naiman sarayin arban dolo(an

Isn sarayin qorin naiman. arban sarayin nigen

in-e arban nigen sarayin arban (urban. Kgeler

sarayin isn in-e ede edd nom nomlabasu

abiig abubasu baa( sangvar abubasu

ai( tusa eribes qurimlabasu nutu(

ularibasu yasun (ar(abasu ger baribasu

kegr oroi(ulbasu ma(u. tegn-

belge inu qara qada(ur.

basa nigen eket (uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun

qariqu edr kemebes. Qubi sarayin arban

479
TRANSCRIPTION

ir(u(an qorin ir(u(an. qoyar sarayin

qoyar ine. (urban sarayin naiman in-e.

Drben sarayin drben in-e. tabun sarayin

tabun in-e ir(u(an sarayin ir(u(an in-e

qorin nigen. Dolo(an sarayin dolo(an in-e

arban isn. Naiman sarayin naiman in-e arban

nigen. Isn sarayin isn in-e qorin nigen.

arban sarayin arban in-e. arban nigen sarayin

arban nigen. Kgeler sarayin isn in-e

ede edd-dr qota bal(asun baribasu

qa(al(-a igbes okin ba(ul(abasu kbegn-e

mi gbes oda( egdbes nom nomlabasu

itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu qurimlabasu

ai( tusa eribes mr (arbasu ed mal

gbes abubasu dabqur ger baribasu

ma(u tegn- belge inu ala( dusul bui

basa nigen eket gara(-ud-un do(in idei

eriki inu. Qubi sarayin arban tabun qorin tabun.

[44r]

qoyar sarayin qoyar in-e arban (urban

480
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban sarayin arban naiman qorin naiman. Drben

sarayin arban ir(u(an qorin ir(u(an tabun

sarayin arban tabun qorin tabun. ir(u(an

sarayin qoyar in-e arban (urban. Dolo(an

sarayin arban naiman qorin naiman. Naiman sarayin

arban ir(u(an qorin ir(u(an. Isn sarayin

arban tabun qorin tabun. Arban sarayin qoyar

in-e arban (urban qorin (urban. Arban nigen

sarayin arban naiman qorin naiman. Kgeler sarayin

arban ir(u(an. ede edd-dr okin beri

ba(ul(abasu qota bal(asun baribasu negdel

negbes ibad-un qurim kibes (aar kndebes

yasun (ar(abasu engkri kbegn-i (ada(i (ar(abasu

ma(u bui. tegn belge inu drbelin qara

debesker ene bui. basa nigen eket.

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr kemebes

Qubi sarayin naiman in-e. qoyar sarayin dolo(an in-e

arban ir(u(an. (urban sarayin qorin drben. Drben

sarayin isn in-e. tabun sarayin arban naiman. ir(u(an

sarayin qorin dolo(an. Dolo(an sarayin arban in-e

Naiman sarayin qorin isn. Isn sarayin (uin

481
TRANSCRIPTION

arban sarayin arban nigen. arban nigen sarayin qorin

qoyar. Kgeler sarayin nigen in-e. ede edd-dr

okin beri ba(ul(abasu irig mordabasu qota

bal(asun baribasu qurimlabasu noqai teiyebes

kgsen kmn-e ya(um-a kibes ma(u.

tegn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin

basa nigen eket. edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-

iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei.

Naran odun drben in-e naiman inede bolbasu sayin

Saran odun nigen in-e (urban inede bolbasu sayin.

'al odun ir(u(an inede sayin. Usun odun qoyar

in-e dolo(an in-e arban qoyar-a sayin. Modun

odun tabun in-e arban arban tabun bolbasu sayin

Altan odun arban nigen (urban-a sayin.

[44v]

iroi odun inein drben isn bolbasu sayin.

basa nigen eket.

edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral

boluyu. arban qoyar dolo(an-a Naran odun bolbasu

ma(u. arban nigen qorin ir(u(an-a Saran

482
TRANSCRIPTION

odun bolbasu ma(u. arban in-e qorin tabun-a

'al odun bolbasu ma(u. (urban in-e arban

naiman-a Usun odun bolbasu ma(u. ir(u(an in-e

qorin nigen-e Modun odun bolbasu ma(u. qoyar

in-e arban dolo(an-a Altan odun bolbasu ma(u.

dolo(an in-e qorin qoyar-a iroi odun. bolbasu

ma(u. ede tlegi odun edd-dr sayin iles

iledbes ai r-e inu modun tlegsen

nesn-dr adali bolumui. tegn- belge inu

solbi(san qara iruqai

basa nigen eket. odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. Naran odun

Qasta qoyar. Saran odun Anurad qoyar. 'al

odun Aivani qoyar. Usun odun ua( qoyar

Modun odun Pus qoyar. Altan odun Burvabalguni

Udaribalguni qoyar. iroi odun Burnavasu qoyar.

ede edd sm-e keyid bosqabasu burqan nom-i

amilabasu kereg asal kibes aliba sayin iles

iledbes ai r-e inu mai sayin bolumui

tegn- belge inu degegi qandu(san erdeni

basa nigen eket odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

483
TRANSCRIPTION

iyar dolo(an li qutu( oroi(san-u

uaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar. Saran

odun irvang qoyar. 'al odun Aivani qoyar.

Usun odun Anurad qoyar. Modun odun Pus

qoyar Altan odun Burnavasu qoyar. iroi odun

Rkini qoyar. ede edd-dr nom ba yirtin-

deki aliba sayin iles iledbes ai

r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui. tegn belge

inu gede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni

ene bui.

[45r]

basa nigen eket. odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. Naran odun Anurad

qoyar. Saran odun Kerteg qoyar. 'al odun Sadabis

qoyar. Usun odun Aivani qoyar Modun odun

Margiar qoyar. Altan odun Aivani qoyar. iroi

odun Qasta qoyar. ede edd-dr glige gbes

ger tergen inedkebes dalal(-a dalalbasu buyan-du

sayin iles iledbes ma(u. tegn- belge inu

doro(i qandu(san jindamuni ene bui.

484
TRANSCRIPTION

basa nigen eket odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. Naran odun Mig qoyar.

Saran odun ua( qoyar. 'al odun Ardar qoyar.

Usun odun Mul qoyar. Modun odun Tanista qoyar.

Altan odun Rkini qoyar. iroi odun Burvasad

qoyar. ede edd-dr buyan-du iles buu iled.

kelinit iles iledbes btk. tegn

belge inu qara jindamuni ene bui.

basa nigen eket. odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui. Naran odun

Kerteg qoyar. Saran odun Barani qoyar. 'al odun

Mig qoyar. Usun odun Ardar qoyar. Modun odun

Margiar qoyar. Altan odun Pus qoyar. iroi odun

Tanista qoyar. ede edd-dr ireg mordabasu

dayisun-i daruqu. do(in kereg kibes idkd-i

daruqu. aliba do(in qata(uu iles-dr sayin.

a(an asal kiged amurling(ui iles-dr ma(u.

tegn belge inu doro(i qandu(san subur(-a

basa nigen eket im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an

edr inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar. Saran odun

Abaji qoyar. 'al odun Burvabadaribad qoyar

485
TRANSCRIPTION

Usun odun Kerteg qoyar. Modun odun Burnavasu qoyar

Altan odun Burvasad qoyar. iroi odun Suvadi

qoyar. ede edd-dr do(in iles ba kt

ile iledbes dtr btk. tegn-

belge inu qara ene bui.

basa nigen eket. odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un

[45v]

krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai. basa Altan odun

iroi odun qoyar iroi bui. Saran Usun qoyar odun

usu bui. Nara 'al qoyar (al bui. Luuq-a odun

Modun odun qoyar kei bui.

basa Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin

inar bui. Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi

Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui. Kerteg Barani ua(

Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

na(idar (al-un inar bui Aivani Burnavasu

Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari

486
TRANSCRIPTION

ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui. ede

gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i

eyin uqa(daqui.

qoyar iroi uirabasu idi btky-yin uaral

idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty.

itgen bayi(ulqui qota bal(asun bariqui

sm-e keyid bosqaqui tariyalang-un (aar qudalduqui

kiged. qan kmn iles btk ba tr bariqu

terigten tbidkek aida-yin iles-dr sayin.

qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral raiyan-u

uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey. em ungla(ulbasu

beri abqu ba. Ayui-yin nom ungiqui amin

nasun btgeki delgereglk oga-yin ile kiged

nasun urtu bolqu iles-dr sayin bui.

qoyar (al uarabasu delgereky-yin uaral[.] delgereki

uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu. qudaldu kiki ba

r-e sauqui glige gki ed-n ndsn

erke-yi btgeki. usun takil gki ed-n tngri

takiqui qutu( (uyuqui iles-dr sayin.

qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u

uaral. li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar

487
TRANSCRIPTION

sedkigsen bty. eyetldk ai( tusa

btki neyileglki kiged busu-ber ndr btk

iles sayin bui.

[46r]

usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin

uiral. egride-yin uiral-iyar rglide ir(alang-

tu bolumui. debil [=debel] emski imeg igki na(addun

inggeki bayar qurim keyiki ergki iles-

tr sayin. (al kei qoyar uarabasu

yeke kt uaral bged. kn tegs uiral-iyar

li-dr bolumui. amin saki(ulsun iledki burqan

tngri-yi takiqui kiged amurling(ui delgereky-yin

erke-yin

iles-dr sayin. iroi kei qoyar uarabasu

l uaraqu uaral bui. l uiraqu uiral-iyar

ed idegen-iyen barayu. degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui ba

buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] iles adu(usun gki

iles-dr sayin bui. usu kei qoyar uarabasu

l okiqu uaral l okiqu uiral-iyar

r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui olgiqui iles-dr

488
TRANSCRIPTION

sayin. (al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleky-yin

uiral. tleky-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i

trgly. ireg mordaqui dayisun-i daruqui

kiged busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui iles-d sayin.

usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui

kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu. busud-i

kesegeki qariyal kiki-dr qoor neyileglki

iles-dr sayin. tere met (urban sayin

(urban dumda. (urban es kiged nigen es-

lu(-a (urban il-iyer iles-n sayin ma(u-yi

ila(ayu tegber ene uaral-i sayitur igdeki.

odun na(idar tusbri sayin bges ai

r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui. tegber na(idarun

sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu. odun-u sayin-i edr-

iyer il(ayu.

basa nigen eket odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar

sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei.

Qulu(an-a ker-lu(-a [=ker-lge] Nara Saran 'al iroi

ede drben odun uarabasu dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu

Usun Altan odun uarabasu ai r-e btk

489
TRANSCRIPTION

[46v]

Modun odun uarabasu nom kiged buyan keig

delgerek. Baras Morin Noqai 'aqai ede edd-t

aliba odud uarabasu sayin. Taulai edr

Modun odun uirabasu ed a(urasun nemek sayin.

Usun odun uirabasu gergi olqu. Naran x

r-e sadun qa(aiqu. Saran x sedkil btk.

iroi x ed-iyen baraqu. 'al x temeildgen

bolqu. Altan x tariyan-u (aar olqu.

Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uirabasu ed

tavar olqu. Qonin Bein edr Usun Modun

odun sayin. Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu.

busu bgde odun ma(u bui. Takiy-a edr

Naran 'al Usun Altan x sayin. busu inu ma(u.

ede kemebes il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin

uaral-iyar bui.

basa nigen eket na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il

qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek anu ene bolai

Margaar Ardar qoyar Qonin edr uarabasu ma(u.

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edr uirabasu

ma(u Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker edr

490
TRANSCRIPTION

uirabasu ma(u. Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad

qoyar Luu edr uirabasu ma(u. ede edd-dr

nom biibes burqan-u itgen egdbes rabnas

oroi(ulbasu a(la( oron-dur (arbasu degelbr

talbibasu qa(al(-a igbes qurimlabasu okin

beri ba(ul(abasu asar kriy-e baribasu kbegn-e

mi gbes abubasu (ada(i mr (arbasu

tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu abubasu boso(-a

bosqabasu i(ulbasu a(aldubasu kbegn-e ner-e

gbes qabi(ai asabasu abiig abubasu em

u[n]gla(ulbasu debel ed'kebes ger baribasu

kger-i nomo(adqabasu ariki iskebes adu(usun

sr dalalbasu tariyan taribasu aliba iles

sedbes ma(u bui. tegn- belge inu

(urban qara dusul ene bui.

Maqagala ba(uqu edr anu. Qubi sarayin

arban tabun. qoyar sarayin drben in-e. (urban

[47r]

sarayin arban qoyar. Drben sarayin qorin dolo(an

491
TRANSCRIPTION

Tabun sarayin arban drben ir(u(an sarayin

qorin tabun. Dolo(an sarayin nigen in-e

Naiman sarayin qorin dolo(an. Isn sarayin

dolo(an in-e. arban sarayin drben ini

arban nigen sarayin qorin isn. Kgeler

sarayin arban tabu. ede edd Mahagala

kiged rdovrma duvngli kibes sayin. tegn

belge inu tong(ori( bui.

Okin tngri ba(uqu edr kemebes Qubi

sarayin nigen in-e qoyar sarayin arban nigen

(urban sarayin qorin nigen. Drben sarayin arban

(urban. tabun sarayin arban tabun. ir(u(an

sarayin qorin (urban. Dolo(an sarayin arban isn

Naiman sarayin arban tabun. Isn sarayin qorin nigen

arban sarayin arban nigen. arban nigen sarayin qorin

isn Kgeler sarayin arban tabun ede edd rdovarma

dungli (ar(abasu sayin. tegn- belge inu

gabala ene bui. basa nigen eket

arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr kemebes

Qubi sarayin naiman in-e. qoyar sarayin naiman

in-e (urban sarayin isn in-e Drben sarayin

492
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban in-e tabun sarayin qorin (urban ir(u(an

sar[a-]yin arban isn. Dolo(an sarayin (urban in-e

Naiman sarayin arban dolo(an. Isn sarayin qorin

nigen. arban sarayin qorin. arban nigen sarayin

nigen in-e. Kgeler sarayin isn in-e ede

edd aliba iles-dr sayin. tegn-

belge inu qumq-a ene bui.

basa nigen eket arban qoyar sarayin Yang

Gung-ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek anu. Qubi sarayin arban

(urban qoyar sarayin arban nigen. (urban

sarayin isn in-e. Drben sarayin dolo(an

in-e. tabun sarayin tabun ini. ir(u(an

sarayin (urban in-e. Dolo(an sarayin

[47v]

nigen ini qorin isn-e. Naiman sarayin

qorin dolo(an. Isn sarayin qorin tabun.

arban sarayin qorin (urban. arban nigen

sarayin qorin nigen. Kgeler sarayin arban isn.

ede edd-dr ya(un sedke iledbes

493
TRANSCRIPTION

(ai qari yeke bolqu. egdk asaqu

ger brik iledbes timer-e timeridk

qula(ai oromui. okin bo(talau beri ba(ul(abasu

qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar gletel-e a(un

amin-dur krmi. ene kedn edr-dr kbegn

trbes eneleki obalang-iyar qoqui kemen

obau yabumui. ene edd-dr yasun (ar(abasu

ergin qoora(san qoyitu r-e (uyirani

bolumui. noyan sa(uqu qola (aar-a odqui

ar(u a(alduqui egndr uirabasu

keiy-e-ben obalang-aa l qa(ain qarinu

l irek. egni medegid uqa(id qamu(

amitan-a delgereglbes qoyitu r-e-yin r-e

inu bayan bolu(ad yeke erger-d [=irger-t] bolumui

tegn belge inu ula(an sg bui.

basa nigen eket aliba sarayin l sedk

edr kemebes. Qubi sarayin Mo(ai. qoyar sarayin

Takiy-a. (urban sarayin ker. Drben sarayin

Bein tabun sarayin Qulu(an-a. ir(u(an sarayin

Luu. Dolo(an sarayin 'aqai. Naiman sarayin

Taulai. Isn sarayin Qoni. arban sarayin Baras.

494
TRANSCRIPTION

arban nigen sarayin Mori. Kgeler sarayin Noqai.

ede edd-dr in-e ger-dr orobasu gern ein

qa(acaqu. a(ula-aa modun eribes l

oldaqu. usun-aa i(asun eribes l oldaqu

sm-e baribasu bursang quvara( l to(taqu

ong(oa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu. qola (aar-a

mr (arbasu buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uiraqu.

kgerge talbibasu l to(taqu. tariyan

modun taribasu qubaqai bolqu. qan kmn-ee

ola abubasu amin nasun aqur bolqu. qola (arbasu

[48r]

gertegen l qariqu qoriy-a baribasu mal inu

qoroqu in-e qa(al(-a igbes kmn l

oroqu burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu

iro(ai-dur adali egn-ee ayilau iledbes

li qutu( oroiqu bolumui::

basa nigen eket arban qoyar sarayin modun

(okimui kemebes Qubi sarayin Luu. qoyar

sarayin ker. (urban sarayin Noqai. Drben sarayin

Qonin. tabun sarayin Taulai. ir(u(an sarayin

495
TRANSCRIPTION

Qulu(an-a. Dolo(an sarayin Takiy-a.

Naiman sarayin Morin. Isn sarayin Baras. arban

sarayin 'aqai. arban nigen sarayin Bein. Kgeler

sarayin Mo(ai. ede edd-dr krngge

saaqu [=sauqu]. sang negegek terigten aliba

iles-dr ma(u bui.

basa ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr inu

drben terign sarayin Mo(ai edr.

drben dumdadu sarayin Takiy-a edr.

drben es sarayin ker edr eden

edd-dr aliba iles buu iled.

ma(u bui.

basa nigen eket il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar

uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei.

Qubi sarayin Noqai edr. Qoyar sarayin 'aqai

(urban sarayin Qulu(an-a Drben sarayin ker

tabun sarayin Baras. jir(u(an sarayin Taulai

Dolo(an sarayin Luu. Naiman sarayin Mo(ai. Isn

sarayin Mori. arban sarayin Qonin. arban nigen

sarayin Bein. Kgeler sarayin Takiy-a ede edd-dr

tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr bui burqan tngri buu

496
TRANSCRIPTION

taki ma(u bui:: basa Qubi sarayin 'aqai

qoyar sarayin Noqai. (urban sarayin Takiy-a. Drben sarayin

Bein. tabun sarayin Qonin jir(u(an sarayin Morin

Dolo(an sarayin Mo(ai. Naiman sarayin Luu. Isn

sarayin Taulai. arban sarayin Baras. arban nigen sarayin

ker. Kgeler sarayin Qulu(an-a ede edd-dr

[48v]

idkd (ai(udaqu edr sayin iles buu

iled. kger-n idkd-i darubasu sayin bui.

basa mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes Margaar

Burnavasu Bus Qasta Anurad Mul Udarisad

Abiji irvan Tanis Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Aivani sayin Usun Modun

Altan ede edd sayin. Saran odun dumda

'al iroi odun irig-ee busud-dur ma(u.

ing gii edr sayin bi p edr ma(u.

Noqai edr sayin. basa drben terign sarayin

Morin Takiy-a edr ma(u. drben dumda sarayin

Baras Mo(ai edr ma(u. drben es sarayin

Qulu(an-a ker edr ma(u. Mo(ai edr yer ma(u

497
TRANSCRIPTION

(urban krdn-dr egdeki.

basa ireg mordaqu edr kemebes Baras Noqai

edr sayin. ker Qonin edr ma(u. 'al Altan

iroi ede odud sayin. Saran odun ma(u.

Ardar Udaribalguni Qasta Pus Udarisad Tanis

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Aivani sayin.

Burnavasu Asli( Anurid ma(u. drben drben

ma(u. basa dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui

edr-n sayin inu Baras Luu edr sayin.

Margaar Ardar Mig Burvabalguni Anurid ista

Mul Burvasad Udaribadaribad ede sayin.

ger-n qo(osun anu. Nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a

3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai.

[49r]

drben terign sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui.

nigen in-e qoyar ini isn in-e drben in-e tabun in-e ir(u(an in-
e

498
TRANSCRIPTION

dolo(an in-e naiman arban tabun arban arban arban qoyar

in-e in-e nigen
arban (urban arban qorin arban arban arban
drben nigen ir(u(an dolo(an naiman
arban isn qorin-a (urban qorin qorin qorin
in-e qoyar (urban drben
qorin tabun qorin qorin qorin qorin (uin-a
ir(u(an dolo(an naiman isn
doto(adu sang altan luu-yin ker-n degreng
ordo quriyang(ui ordo qutu( sn sang
mr mr mr mr mr mr
(arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu
sayin. ma(u. sayin sayin. ma(u sayin.
drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui.

nigen qoyar (urban drben tabun ir(u(an

in-e in-e in-e in-e in-e in-e
isn arban arban nigen arban arban arban
in-e in-e qoyar (urban drben
arban arban arban qorin-a qorin nigen qorin
dolo(an naiman isn qoyar
qorin qorin qorin qorin qorin (uin-a
tabun ir(u(an dolo(an naiman isn
tngri-yin tngri-yin tngri-yin tngri-yin tngri-yin tngri-yin
mr kemek egden-dr qoriyan-dur erdeni-dr qula(ai-tur ordo-dur
edr mr mr mr mr mr
mr (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu
(arbasu sayin ma(u. sayin. ma(u sayin
sayin.
dolo(an naiman
in-e in-e
arban arban
tabun ir(u(an

499
TRANSCRIPTION

qorin qorin
(urban drben
tngri-yin tngri-yin
ayul-dur sang-dur
mr mr
(arbasu (arbasu
ma(u sayin
drben es sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui.

nigen qoyar (urban drben tabun ir(u(an dolo(an naiman

in-e in-e in-e in-e in-e in-e in-e in-e
isn arban arban arban arban arban arban arban
in-e in-e nigen qoyar (urban drben tabun ir(u(an
arban arban arban qorin qorin qorin qorin qorin
dolo(an naiman isn nigen qoyar (urban drben
qorin qorin qorin qorin qorin (uin-a
tabun ir(u(an dolo(an naiman isn
ula(an a(an a(an a(an qara kke luu- kke luu- kke luu-
aa(ai baras-un baras-un baras-un yasutu yin yin yin
mr terign niru(un kl-dr meneki terign- niru(un- kl-dr
(arbasu mr mr mr mr dr tur mr
ma(u (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu [(arbasu] mr mr (arbasu
sayin sayin ma(u ma(u (arbasu (arbasu ma(u
sayin sayin

[49v]

aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn

nigen in-e isn in-e arban dolo(an qorin tabun tngri-yin egde sayin
qoyar in-e arban in-e arban naiman qorin ir(u(an noqai qoi(un ma(u
(urban in-e arban nigen arban isn qorin dolo(an tngri-yin segder sayin

500
TRANSCRIPTION

drben in-e arban qoyar qorin-a qorin naiman noqay-yin qabar sayin.
tabun in-e arban (urban qorin nigen qorin isn noqai terign sayin
ir(u(an in-e arban drben qorin qoyar (uin-a noqai niru(u ma(u
dolo(an in-e arban tabun qorin (urban tngri-yin sang sayin
naiman in-e arban ir(u(an qorin drben tngri-yin qo(olai ma(u

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr

(arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn bui.

nigen qoyar (urban drben tabun ir(u(an

in-e in-e in-e in-e in-e in-e
dolo(an in-e naiman isn arban arban arban
in-e in-e in-e nigen qoyar
arban arban arban tabun arban arban arban
(urban drben ir(u(an dolo(an naiman
arban qorin-a qorin qorin qorin qorin
isn nigen qoyar (urban drben
qorin qorin qorin qorin qorin (uin-a
tabun ir(u(an dolo(an naiman isn
dayang ua( vimading sng sing dada qan
kemek kemek kemek kemek kemek kemek
edr edr edr edr edr edr
mr mr mr mr mr mr
(arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu (arbasu
ma(u sayin sayin sayin dumda ma(u.

tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-<y>i

ene krdn-dr egdeki.

501
TRANSCRIPTION

Bajar Radn-a Badm-a Garm-a Buda

dagini dagini dagini dagini dagini
ksel ksel ola (ar dayisun doron-a
btk btk uaraqu qo(osun ol(aqu g odbasu
iles idegen dayisun ola ksel emn-e
btk olqu uaraqu olqu uaraqu g odbasu
dayisun ola kereg ksel-iyen qo(osun rn-e
ol(aqu olqu btk btk irek g odbasu
ile dayisun gem gei ola gem gei umara
btk ol(aqu dumda olqu dumda g odbasu
ola gem gei ksel-iyen dayisun-dur ai( drben
olqu dumda btk ol(aqu tusa o[b]kis-dur
btk odbasu

[50r]

arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n

sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene bui

Qulu(an-a edr yeke ma(u ed oldaqu yeke sayin mai ma(u

bayasqulang
ker edr bayasqulang buyan keig sayin-i ek yar-a
bolqu bolqu arq-a bolqu
Baras edr ed oldaqu ed olqu sayin bui ma(u bui
sayin
Taulai edr sayin bui sayin bui ma(u bui ma(u bui
Luu edr sayin bui sayin bui sayin bui ma(u bui

502
TRANSCRIPTION

Mo(ai edr ed olqu ar(u-du oroqu dumda sayin kelen aman

bolqu
Morin edr sayin bui sayin bu bey-e inu kk bey-e inu kk
Qonin edr sayin bui sayin bui ma(u bui idegen umda(an
uaraqu
Bein edr sayin bui sayin bui qamu(-dur qamu(-dur
ma(u ma(u
Takiy-a edr sayin bui kelen aman-du darasun idegen ed olqu
oroqu uaram
Noqai edr sayin bui ed baraqu ma(u bui sayin bui
'aqai edr ma(u bui sayin bui dumda sayin buu yabu ma(u
egn-i tus e doron-a odbasu emn-e odbasu rn-e odbasu umara odbasu
arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn

Qulu(an-a a( ed olqu iles btk idegen qurim qula(ai-du

uaraqu uaraqu
ker sedkil obaqu li-d bolqu ed tavar idegen umda(an
uaraqu uaraqu
Baras aliba iles ed olqu ebedin-dr bayasqulang
btk uaraqu bolqu
Taulai ai( tusa boluyu bayasqulang ebedin ada kl ada
bolqu uaraqu uaraqu
Luu bayasqulang idegen umda(an ebedin ada tavar ed yekede
bolqu uaraqu uaraqu olqu
Mo(ai bariy-a kriy-e- bayasqulang kl ada ed tavar yekede
d bolqu uaraqu olqu
uaraqu
Morin (abiy-a-du ada-du krtey ed tavar ed tavar yekede
iles btk uaraqu olqu
Qonin ebedin-d ir(alang boluyu ai( tusa boluyu mai sayin
uaraqu boluyu

503
TRANSCRIPTION

Bein ai( tusa boluyu aliba iles bayasqulang kemor gemil

btk bolqu bolumui
Takiy-a ge da(un bolqu idegen-d bayasqulang li qutu[(]
uaraqu bolqu
Noqai ed tavar olqu ada-du ed mal olqu dumda sayin
uaraqu
'aqai ai( tusa boluyu tavar ed ed tavar olqu a(ur-a qula(ai
olqu uiraqu
tusbri e doron-a odbasu emn-e odbasu rn-e odbasu umara odbasu

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni.

3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin 11 jindamuni

5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni

7 sarayin 7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni

9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin 2 jindamuni.

11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun

jindamuni

[50v]

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn.

Qubi sarayin Taulai edr dolo(an in-e Morin Noqai

Qoyar sarayin Qulu(an-a qoyar Luu Noqai
edr in-e

504
TRANSCRIPTION

'urban Takiy-a ir(u(an Morin Takiy-a

sarayin edr in-e
Drben Morin ir(u(an Morin Bein
sarayin edr in-e
Tabun Taulai ir(u(an ker Taulai
sarayin edr in-e
ir(u(an Qulu(an-a qorin-a Bein Qulu(an-a
sarayin edr
Dolo(an Takiy-a ir(u(an Noqai Takiy-a
sarayin edr in-e
Naiman Morin arban Taulai Luu
sarayin edr in-e
Isn Taulai qorin-a Taulai Takiy-a
sarayin edr
Arban Qulu(an-a (urban Bein Taulai
sarayin edr in-e
Arban nigen Takiy-a tabun Qulu(an-a Luu
sarayin edr in-e
Kgeler Morin tabun Morin Qulu(an-a
sarayin edr in-e
ene arban qoyar ede edd mr ede edd mr ede a(-ud-dur
ner-e-yi tuslan (arbasu ma(u (arbasu ma(u (arbasu mr
e ma(u
dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn.

Naran ksel gemigleng temildki- edge amin- qo(osun

btk bolqu d ol(o dur ma(u irek
Saran gemigleng idegen olqu sayin ge dumda sayin dayisun-dur
bolqu sonosqu ol(aqu
'al iles btk kimor bolqu ola dayisun qo(osun
olqu ol(aqu irek

505
TRANSCRIPTION

Usun kimor bolqu ola ksel keregr dayisun

olqu btk bolqu ol(aqu
Modun keregr mal ibqaqu dayisun ksel ola
bolqu bolqu btk olqu
Altan iles btk dayisun kelen aman ed mal ksel
ol(aqu bolqu aldaqu btk
iroi dayisun-a ksel ed mal ola keregr
ol(aqu btk aldaqu olqu bolqu
ede odun-i doron-a emn-e rn-e umara drben
tusbri je g odbasu g odbasu g odbasu g odbasu obkis-dur
odbasu

qara sarayin asal anu. isn il modu. buq-a-yin

yeke qara segul. numu a(an qada( kiged

ingqun. iker qangla(ur [=(angna(ur] terigten. tu(-un iin-

t uyau qadqu(ad a(an tosun ba.

buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi. Qubi sarayin

dolo(an inide Baras iln qari bein g

qadqu. tegnilen ali edr bges tere

sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui.

[51r]

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes

Rkini Margiar Bus Burvabalguni Suvadai Mul Udarisad

506
TRANSCRIPTION

Abiji Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Aivani ede

odun sayin. Saran Usun Modun Altan odun sayin. ker

Qonin Bein edr sayin.

_______________________________________________________

nigen il okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui

egni sayitur tokiyaldu(ulu medegdeki

il sara sara sara sara sara sara a( a(

Qulu(a Qulu(a ker Baras Taulai Luu Mo(ai Qulu(a Luu
n-a n-a Qonin Bein Takiy-a Noqai 'aqai n-a a(
Morin a(
ker ker Qulu(a Mo(ai Luu Taulai Baras ker Bein
Qonin n-a 'aqai Noqai Takiy-a Bein a( a(
Morin
Baras Baras Taulai Luu Mo(ai Morin Qonin Baras Luu
Bein Takiy-a Noqai 'aqai Qulu(a ker a( a(
n-a
Taulai Taulai Baras ker Qulu(a Mo(ai Luu ber Taulai
Takiy-a Bein Qonin n-a 'aqai Noqai a( a(
Morin
Luu Luu Mo(ai Morin ker Baras Takiy-a Takiy-a Luu
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(a Qonin Bein Taulai a( a(
n-a
Mo(ai Mo(ai Luu Taulai Baras ker Qulu(a ker Mo(ai
'aqai Noqai Takiy-a Bein Qonin n-a a( a(
Morin

507
TRANSCRIPTION

Morin Morin Qonin Baras Taulai Luu 'aqai Noqai Morin

Qulu(a ker Bein Takiy-a Noqai Mo(ai a( a(
n-a
Qonin ker Qulu(a Mo(ai Luu Taulai Baras Taulai Qonin
Qonin n-a 'aqai Noqai Takiy-a Bein a( a(
Morin
Bein Baras Taulai Luu Mo(ai Qulu(a ker Qulu(a Bein
Bein Takiy-a Noqai 'aqai n-a Qonin n-a a(
Morin a(
Takiy-a Taulai Baras ker Morin Mo(ai Luu ker Takiy-a
Takiy-a Bein Qonin Qulu(a Qulu(a Noqai a( a(
n-a n-a
Noqai Luu Mo(ai Morin ker Baras Takiy-a Baras Bein
Noqai 'aqai Qulu(a Qonin Bein Taulai a( a(
n-a
'aqai Mo(ai Luu Taulai Baras ker Qulu(a Taulai Baras
'aqai Noqai Takiy-a Bein Qonin n-a a( a(
Morin
ede ede ede ede ede ede ede ede ede
okin-u sarada sarada sarada sarada sarada sarada a(tur a(tur
il bui okin-u tegi i(ui- eige qadam er-e-d sn-i mordo(
tokiyal- bey-e- sayin du eke-de eige ma(u samla ul-su(ai
du(ulu d bui. ma(u ma(u eke-de bui.
egdek ma(u bui bui ma(u
i

[51v]

yeke sara bges krgen-

ee b to(ala.

508
TRANSCRIPTION

ba(-a sara bges

ba(uray-aa buru(u

to(ola. (olomta

ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a

sayin bui.

sara yeke bges

(olomta-aa b to(ola

sara ba(-a bges nutu(-aa

buru(u to(ola.

(olomta ger nutu(

mr ede sayin bui.

sara yeke bges krgen-

ee b to(olan.

sara ba(-a bges

okin-aa buru(u to(ola

nutu( ger (olomta

deg ede sayin bui.

ene (urban krdn-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin. qara-dur bolbasu ma(u

509
TRANSCRIPTION

eige eke deg amidu bges mn tegn-d ma(u.

okin bges gem l boluyu yer (urban dolo(an-a beri buu ab

sara yeke bges

er-e-ee b to(ola

sara ba(-a bges em-e-

ee buru(u to(ola.

[52r]

beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui.

Naran odun Burvabalguni Tanista Ardar

Saran odun Anurad Udaribadaribad Tanista
'al odun Anurad Aivani Barani
Usun odun Mul Barani ua(
Modun odun Tanista Ardar Rkini
Altan odun Rkini Mig Bus
iroi odun Burvasad Jay[i]tari Rkini.
ede odun na(idar ede l okiqu beri ede qa(aiqu beri ede ayul bolqu beri
tokiyaldu(ulu e

510
TRANSCRIPTION

il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui.

ii bing a ii im gi uu gii ging in

ding
ding uu gii bing ding a ii ging in im gi
gii ging in uu ii bing ding im gi a ii
in im yii [=gi] ging in uu ii a ii bing ding
gi a ii im gi ging in bing ding uu gii
ede ngget ede deged ede dumda ede es beri ede kk ede qa(aiqu
il orobasu beri bui r-e beri bui. okin bui r-e beri bui beri bui
iran il mal trmi uqa( ma(u ma(u
il(au e delgerek
sayin

nigen eket ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em[-e]

g-ee ba(u(daqui. beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin

debel emsteki. (abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel

edr ba(u(daqui. er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu

ba(uqu bui.

beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang tayiqu itgen

eke. lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen

ek kereg-d bolai.

[52v]

tngri-yin noqay-yin krdn egni sara yeke bges kgn-ee

511
TRANSCRIPTION

b to(ola. sara ba(-a bges

buru(u to(ola. kgn-dr

dumda sayin. nidn-dr r-e sadun

delgereged lemi ir(alang-du bolumui

aman-dur r-e gei bolu(ad ge da(un bolqu

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u. irken-e maida ir(aqu. ni(ua-dur

r-e gei bolqu. borbin-dur okin-da(an qari. segl-dr kbegn

olan bolqu. kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu. taiyan-dur okis-

tu bolqu. niru(un-dur r-e tasuraqu. dalun-dur mai sayin bolumui.

er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola

em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u. aman

-tur ge da(un uaram. eregn-dr

dumda sayin. enggelegr sayin.

qan-dur mai sayin. kebili-dr

kbegn olan. kl-dr ma(u. segl-

tr okin olan. nira(un-dur r-e

tasuram geige-dr meks dumda. iken-dr iken terign l tegsm. qabar-

tur qar-a mr-d bolunam. nidn-dr nidn met qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi

Qulu(an-a Luu Bein ker ker Bein Mori Bein Luu a(an

ker Mo(ai Takiy-a Qulu(an-a Baras Mo(ai Qoni Takiy-a Mo(ai ar(-a

Baras Morin Noqai Taulai Taulai Baras Bein Noqai Mori kke

512
TRANSCRIPTION

Taulai Qoni 'aqai Baras Luu 'aqai Takiy-a 'aqai Qoni boro

Luu Bein Qulu(an-a Mo(ai Mo(ai Bein Noqai Qulu(an-a Bein igerde

Mo(ai Takiy-a ker Luu Morin Mo(ai 'aqai ker Takiy-a qalun

Mori Noqai Baras Qoni Qoni Baras Qulu(an-a Baras Noqai kreng

Qoni 'aqai Taulai Morin Bein 'aqai ker Taulai 'aqai a(an

Bein Qulu(an-a Luu Takiy-a Takiy-a Bein Baras Luu Qulu(an-a qaltar

Takiy-a ker Mo(ai Bein Noqai Mo(ai Taulai Mo(ai ker qong(or

Noqai Baras Morin 'aqai 'aqai Baras Luu Mori Baras qula

'aqai Taulai Qoni Noqai Qulu(an-a 'aqai Mo(ai Qoni Taulai a(an

ede okin-u krgegi- beri u(tu(i- tul(-a (al tlegi ni(ur gerte oro idegen unuqu

il bui yin ktelgi yin il tulu(i ugiya(i (ulu(i ideglgi morin-u

tokiyaldu terign s

(ulyu

[53r]

basa beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu

sayin edr kemebes yeke sarayin inein (urban

tabun ir(u(an naiman. arban nigen (urban drben

ir(u(an isn. qorin nigen qoyar drben isn

(uin-a sayin. ken sarayin inein

qoyar (urban tabun naiman arban. arban nigen

(urban ir(u(an naiman isn-e sayin bui.

qorin nigen drben ir(u(an isn-e sayin.

dolo(an dolo(an isn isn-e ma(u.

iyerk qara edr ginggang ingpng giki

513
TRANSCRIPTION

edr ma(u. Morin Bein edr sayin. Mo(ai Noqai

'aqai edr ma(u. Saran Usun Altan ede

odun yeke sayin. Modun odun dumda. Naran

'al iroi ede odun ma(u. Rkini Mig

Udaribalguni Mul Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Suvadi yeru sayin. Margiar Burnavasu Pus

ista Udarisad Sua( ede beri ba(ul(aqu-du

sayin. okin buu g. Kerteg Anurad

Qasta Ardar Burvasad Tanis Barani ede ma(u.

basa em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun egdeki.

qulu(an-a ilt kmn arban tabu qorin dolo(an

(uin ede nasun-a em-e abubasu ma(u. ker

ilt kmn arban tabun qorin naiman-a isn-e

ma(u baras ilt kmn qorin qoyar nasun-a ma(u.

taulai ilt kmn arban naiman qorin (urban x

luu ilt arban (urba qorin isn-e x mo(ai

ilten qorin nigen-e x morin ilt qorin tabu

qorin dolo(-a x qonin ilt arban naiman qorin

qoyar-a x bein ilt arban isn qorin qoyar-a x

takiy-a ilt qorin qoyar qorin naiman-a x noqai

ilt arban nigen qorin. qorin naiman x (aqai

514
TRANSCRIPTION

ilt arban qoyar (uin ede nasun-a em-e

abubasu qa(aiqu kk ma(u bui.

basa klil-d ma(u. dayiwang tayiqu qangpan

qongpan itgen- eke abu kiged-n g

buu yabu. tngri-yin noqay-yin aman-du buu g.

[53v]

kbegn-e mi l gki. okin-dur ini

l gki ma(u edr inu. Baras Morin Noqai

sarayin Taulai edr. Qulu(an-a Luu Bein sarayin

Takiy-a edr. Taulai Qonin 'aqai sarayin Qulu(an-a

edr ker Mo(ai Takiy-a sarayin Morin edr ma(u.

basa Baras Bein sarayin Luu Mo(ai a( ma(u.

Taulai Takiy-a sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai a( ma(u.

Luu Noqai sarayin Qulu(an-a Morin x Mo(ai 'aqai

sarayin ker Qonin x Qulu(an-a Morin sarayin

Baras Bein x ker Qonin sarayin Taulai Takiy-a

a( ma(u.

basa in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte

l oro(ulqu edr kemebes Baras sarayin

Luu Noqai. Taulai sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai. Luu

515
TRANSCRIPTION

sarayin Qulu(an-a Mori. Mo(ai sarayin ker Qoni.

Morin sarayin Baras Bein. Qonin sarayin Taulai Takiy-a.

Bein sarayin Luu Noqai. Takiy-a sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai.

Noqai sarayin Qulu(an-a Mori. 'aqai sarayin ker

Qoni. Qulu(an-a sarayin Baras Bein. ker sarayin

Taulai Takiy-a. ede edr in-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu

ein-d ma(u. l taiyan gerte oro(ulbasu

arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk mai

ma(u edr bui.

beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g kemebes

qulu(an-a ker (aqai ilt okin-i ni(ur

umara g qandun ba(ubasu sayin. baras taulai

luu okin-i ni(ur doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu

sayin. bein takiy-a noqai ilt okin-i ni(ur

rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin. mo(ai morin

qonin ilt okin-i ni(ur emn-e g qandun

ba(ubasu sayin.

beri (al-du mrgglk a( kemebes. qulu(an-a

morin ilt okin-i 'aqai a(-tu (al-dur

mrgglbes sayin. ker qonin ilt okin-i

Takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl. baras bein ilt

516
TRANSCRIPTION

[54r]

okin-i 'aqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl. taulai

takiy-a ilt okin-i Noqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl.

luu noqai ilt okin-i Taulai a(tu (al-dur

mrggl mo(ai (aqai ilt okin-i Bein a(tu

(al-dur mrgglbes sayin.

okin-u mr (arqu edr kemebes qulu(an-a morin

ilt okin-i nigen in-e arban (urban ir(u(an-a

umara doron-a mr (arbasu sayin. ker qonin

ilt okin-i arban isn qorin qoyar-a sayin.

qoyin-a-aa buu qara. baras bein ilt okin

isn in-e qorin nigen qoyar-a rn-e umar-a

g sayin taulai takiy-a ilt okin tabun in-e

arban naiman-a sayin. luu noqai ilt okin

arban (urban qorin nigen-e sayin. mo(ai (aqai

ilt okin nigen in-e arban ir(u(an-a qorin

tabun-a emn-e jg mr (arbasu sayin.

beri mr (arqu g kemebes mo(ai morin

ilt okin doron-a leyit mr. umar-a.

(asalang-un mr. bein takiy-a ilt okin temr

maqabud drben obkis leyit mr. baras

517
TRANSCRIPTION

taulai ilten modun maqabud umar-a leyit mr

rn-e (asalang-un mr ker luu qonin noqai

ilten emn-e ljeyit mr doron-a (asalang-un

mr. qulu(an-a (aqai ilten usun maqabud rn-e

leyit mr. drben obkis (asalang-un mr.

lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an

qada(ur bari(san beri bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin

ilt beri-dr lemi ma(u. kun-dur uira(san

beri bgde sayin buyan keig bari(san beri bui sayin.

dan-dur ucira(san beri kmn- yasun bari(san

beri bui dumda sayin. gen-dr uira(san beri

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui

bgded ma(u. kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-

ta(an odu( bari(san bui bgde-d sayin.

gin-dr uira(san beri oroi-ta(an Kitad

qadu(ur bari(san beri bugde-d toli bui.

[54v]

jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri

bui yeke sayin. sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an

irbegel bari(san bui. tegn (artur nigen irbegel

518
TRANSCRIPTION

bari(ulu ger tergen ari(ulbasu sayin.

asal asan okiqu l okiqu ibegel

gki abqui gara( odun il saran edr a(

kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai.

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu.

qulu(an-a luu bein ilten ibegel okiqu.

ker mo(ai takiy-a ilten okiqu. baras morin

noqai ilten okiqu. taulai qonin (aqai ilten

okiqu sayin ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn

trk bui.

qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu kbegn

olan bolqu sayin. qoyar ker ilt uru(

uqa( bayan sayin. qoyar baras ilt uru(

cgen bayan sayin. qoyar taulai ilt kbegn olan

bayan sayin. qoyar luu ilt uru( gen

geg bui. qoyar mo(ai ilt kbegn olan bayan

sayin. qoyar morin ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin

qoyar qonin ilt uru( olan bayan sayin. qoyar

bein ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin. qoyar takiy-a

ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad keregri ma(u.

519
TRANSCRIPTION

qoyar noqai ilt kbegn gen keregri ma(u.

qoyar (aqai ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin bui.

basa qulu(an-a ilt okin-i taulai iltd

buu g. ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d

buu g. baras ilt okin-i mo(ai ilt-d

buu g. taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d

buu g. luu ilt okin-i qonin ilt-d

buu g. mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d

buu g. morin ilt okin-i takiy-a ilt-d

buu g. qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d

buu g. bein ilt okin-i (aqai ilt-d

buu g. takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g.

noqai ilt-yi kert buu g. (aqai ilt-yi baras iltd

buu g.

[55r]

basa nigen eket tngri (aar-un on sara

edr a( me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin

ein inu tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu.

ya(un-u tula kemebes kmn ba yer

qamu( amitan-i to(alau medek-yin tula

520
TRANSCRIPTION

ba(umui. yabudal inu nara sara-lu(-a saa(u

yabumui. bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi.

kmn- bey-e-d. noqai terigt. (aqai

qoi(utu. iba(un igrt kimusutu.

mo(ai seglt qar-a ngge-d Smber

a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a

kebte bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimi.

qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign inu doron-a

aman inu doron-a emn-e. segl inu rn-e

[n]iru(un inu umara. kebeli inu emn-e amui.

un-u (urban sarada<n> terign inu emn-e aman

inu emn-e rn-e. kebeli inu rn-e.

niru(un inu doron-a. segl inu umar-a.

namurun (urban sarada terign inu rn-e

aman inu rn-e umara. kebeli inu umara.

segl inu doron-a. niru(un inu emn-e.

ebln (urban sarada terign inu umara. aman

inu doron-a umara. kebeli inu doron-a.

segl inu emn-e. [n]iru(un inu rn-e bui.

tegn- terign-dr ger buu bari. aman-dur

irig buu morda. [n]iru(un-tur beri buu ab<a>.

521
TRANSCRIPTION

kebili-tr adu(usun buu ab segl-tr yasun

[55v]

buu (ar(-a. terign gedesn qoyar-tu beri ab. aman-a

(aar usun-i taki. niru(un-tur erig ba ayan

aba mordabasu ger baribasu. yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu sayin bui:. Baras Morin Noqai il emn-e

sayin. Taulai Qonin 'aqai il doron-a sayin Qulu(ana

Luu Bein il doron-a umara sayin. ker Mo(ai Takiy-a il

rn-e umara sayin. tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal

yeke kereg-d bui.

il-n tayisui kemebes Qulu(an-a ker il

doron-a. Baras Taulai il emn-e. Luu Mo(ai il

emn-e rn-e. Morin Qonin il rn-e.

Bein Takiy-a il rn-e umara. Noqai 'aqai

il umara. ede g-d sa(umu.

basa tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes

Kerteg Rkini Margaar Burnavasu Jayitari

Mig Suvadi Anurad Burvasad Udarisad Abaji

irvan Udaribadaripad ede sayin. Saran Modun

iroi ede odud sayin. arban arban nigen

522
TRANSCRIPTION

qorin drben tabun sayin.

basa debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin

ker Morin Qonin Noqai 'aqai edr sayin Sara

Usun Modu Altan eden odud sayin. Rkini Bus

Burnavasu Qasta Jayitari Suvadai ua( Anurad

Udarasad Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad ede sayin.

basa debel eskeki inu nigen in-e dter da(usqabasu

sayin. qoyar (urban sayin. drben-e ma(u tabun-a

(al-un oi-du tlek ir(u(an-a kser-e qooraqu

[56r]

dolo(an-a qulu(an-a qa[a]qu naiman-a sedkil obaqu isn-e

yeke bayasqulang bolqu arban-a leyit sayin. arban nigen

(al-un oi-tu tlek arban qoyar-a. qula(ai-tu abtaqu.

arban (urban-a obalang bolqu arban drben-e. leyit

bolqu arban tabun-a obalang bolqu arban ir(u(an-a bayan sayin.

bolqu arban dolo(an-a ai( tusa bolqu arban naiman-a

olan arad okiqu arban isn-e kser-e qoorqu

qorin-a olan kmn ma(u sedkek. qorin nigen-e l

okiqu qorin qoyar-a ma(u kgn (arqu qorin

(urban-a yeke bayasqulang bolqu qorin drben-e. ebedin

523
TRANSCRIPTION

bolqu qorin tabun-a leyit bolqu qorin ir(u(an-a

qoor ada bolqu qorin dolo(an-a sedkil obiqu [=obaqu] qorin

naiman-a obalang bolqu qorin isn-e qa(aaqu

obalang bolqu. (uin-a bayan sayin. bolqu basa nigen-e

eket debel emsk sayin edr kemebes Modun Usun

Altan eden odud sayin. buyan keig nemey Nara odun-dur

ed mal qoromi bolqu Sara 'al iroi odun ma(u.

Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai ua( Anurad Udarisad

Abaji irvan Tanis Aivani ede edd in-e debel

emsbes sayin: Ardar Mig ma(u. busu odun dli bui.

ber-n trgsen odun-dur ya(un buu iled.

quda anda bolqui-du (ayitu bui.

basa em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes.

Naran Saran Modun Altan ede odud sayin.

Kerteg Bus Margaar Qasta Jayitari Suvadi

Tanista. Burvabadaripad Udaribadaribad

Rivadi ede sayin. Takiy-a edr sayin. Qonin

edr ma(u. Taulai Takiy-a edr em gk-dr sayin.

Mo(ai ma(u. Mul odun ba drben-e ma(u.

[56v]

524
TRANSCRIPTION

basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun

toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. Naran

odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui. Modun odun

mai mergen bolqu Altan odun-dur tusa yeke bolqu.

ede (urban odun-aa busu inu ma(u: Margasar

Burnavasu Bus Mig Udaribalguni Suvadai ua( Anurad

ista Burvasad Udarasad ede sayin: iravan ma(u.

busu bgde dumda bui. naiman inede toyin bolbasu

agabud-iyan yosu(ar sakiqu bolu(ad. ed idegen

olqu bui. arban tabun-a yosun medeki mergen uqa(atu

bolumui. arban ir(u(an-a sedkil-dr okis-tu

bolumui. in-e-yin qoyar (urban tabun arban.

arban nigen (urban ede edd sayin: qa(uin

kiged d[e]i-yin a(-dur ed-iyen baraqu ma(u bui.

basa abaig abqu edrn sayin. ma(u il(al kemebes

namurun dumdadu sarayin arban tabun-aa. qaburun

es sarayin arban tabun krtele Dolo(an sara abaig

abqu sayin edr bui: nigen ini tabun dolo(an naiman

ini arban. arban nigen (urban drben tabun ede

edd sayin: Naran Saran Modun Altan ede odud

abaig abqu sayin. Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista

525
TRANSCRIPTION

Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin:

basa na(idar sayin. bges qa(uin-dur abu(daqu

kemen Keriy-e-yin ndsn-dr nomla(san buyu::.

obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr em l u(uuqu.

basa aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedin emleky-[y]i

igerlegln nomlauqui::.

[57r]

Qulu(an-a edr iro-a l ek. sn

kir(abasu bayan sayin bolqu. ger-ee nayir

(arbasu oid irek. noqai kegbes

ni qola (aar-a ni qutu(-aa biig

irek. keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes

sayin bui. ile bolqu. debel tlebes

qulu(an-a qaabasu ada todqor bolqu.

darusun uu(ubasu kimuraqu ile bo[l]qu.

ker edr noyan l isanglaqu. in-e

mala(-a l emsk. sn kir(abasu

kimusu ta(aribasu (abiy-a tusa yeke

bolqu. ger-ee nayir (arbasu qola

(aara oid irek. keriy-e kegbes sayin

526
TRANSCRIPTION

bayasqulang-du kele irek. debel tlebes

qulu(an-a qaabasu sayin bui.

Baras edr ya(unber l taki(daqu. sn

kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu. kimusun

ta(aribasu ed tavar olqu keriy-e

kegbes ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu

debel [tlebes] qulu(an-a qaabasu noqai kegbes

mai sayin. nayitabasu ger-dr oid

irek. Taulai edr quddug l

maltaqu. sn kir(abasu ayiqu.

kimusun ta(aribasu kl-n yasun ek

ile bolqu. geree nayir (arbasu qola-

aa qudalduin irek. noqai kegbes

ma(u arad-lu(-a ol(oqu. debel

[57v]

tlebes qulu(an-a qaabasu keriy-e

kegbes aliba iles-dr mai sayin.

Luu edr ni l oyilaqu. sn

kir(abasu yeke kmn- kele aman bolqu.

ger-ee nayir (arbasu oid irek. noqai

527
TRANSCRIPTION

kegbes ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu.

debel tlebes qulu(an-a qaabasu

keriy-e kegbes aliba iles-dr sayin.

Mo(ai edr qola mr l (arqu sn

kir(abasu ebedin taqul bolqu. kimusun

ta(aribasu keriy-e kegbes ma(ui kelen

aman bolqu. noqai kegbes ger-dr

qula(ayii oroqu. debel tlebes okin

kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu. nayitabasu

(abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu. ger-ee nayir (arbasu

bayasqulang bolqu. Morin edr kmn-i

l qariyaqu aniqu. sn kir(abasu

nidn-dr qari. kimusun ta(aribasu sayin

kelen sonosqu. ger-ee nayir (arbasu

qola-yin oid irek. keriy-e kegbes

kndlegdek oid irek. debel tlebes

sedkel obaqu. qulu(an-a qaabasu

ebedin taqul bolqu. nayitabasu nasun

urtu bolqu. Qonin edr em l

idek. sn x kbegn ainar delgerek.

kimusun x nayitabasu amara( kmn-lu(-a

528
TRANSCRIPTION

ol(oqu. ger-ee x sayin iro-a bui.

[58r]

Noqai x keriy-e x ed tavar olqu.

qulu(an-a debil x darasun idegen-dr

uiraqu. nayitabasu sayin belge bui.

Bein edr in-e iregen sandali deger-e

l sa(uqu. sn x sedkigsen ile

btk. kimusun x ed tavar olqu. keriy-e

kegbes tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad

ada todqor bolqu. debel tlebes [qulu(an-a] qaibasu

ma(u. ge irek. nayitabasu oid irek.

Takiy-a edr l qurimlaqu oid l

uriqu. takiy-a l alaqu. miq-a-yi l

idek. sn x keregl bolqu. kimusun x sayin

ge sonosqu. keriy-e x ola olqu. noqai x

sedkil l amuqu. debel tlebes

[qulu(an-a] qaibasu ile btk. nayitabasu ebedin

bolumui. Noqai edr noqai l teigek

l alaqu l aniqu. l abqu

sn x bayan sayin bolqu. kimusun x

529
TRANSCRIPTION

qola (aar oriqu debel qayabasu sayin

bayasqulang bolqu. ger-ee x oid irek

nayitabasu ayuqu ile bolqu. [n]oqai

[x] sayin. keriy-e [x] qurim-dur uiraqu. debel

tlebes bayasqulang bolqu.

'aqai edr okin l gk. (aqai l alaqu

miq-a l idek. sn x ada(usun olqu.

kimusun x sayin. ger-ee [x] ada todqor

bolqu. debel tlebes qulu(an-a qaabasu

[58v]

ayul-du ile bolqu. nayitabasu ksel

btk.

basa (aar-un ba(atud-un tere g ereg ba

negdel buu od. okin beri buu g. buu

ab. mr ba yasun buu (ar(-a. aliba

iles egn-ee ayila(daqu bolai. Qulu(an-a

ker 'aqai (urban iln (aar-un ba(atud

umar-a. Baras Taulai Luu (urban il-n

(aar-un ba(atud doron-a. Mo(ai Morin

Qonin il emn-e. Bein Takiy-a Noqai il

530
TRANSCRIPTION

rn-e bui.

basa qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara

rn-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu egnde. Mo(ai

emn-e. Morin rn-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Bein

eg[n]de. Takiy-a emn-e. Noqai rn-e 'aqai

qoyin-a. Qulu(an-a egnde. ker sara

emn-e g amui.

basa (aar-un snes anu. Baras Mo(ai

Bein 'aqai edr-e o(tar(ui-du amui

Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a edr absar-du.

ene dolo(an edr (aar kndebes gem

gei. Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai

edr (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu

tula (aar kndebes l bolumui.

basa biyoo kemebes aliba sarayin nigen in-e

naiman-a arban. arban nigen tabun. qorin

qoyar isn (uin-a (aar buu knde ma(u bui.

[59r]

na(idar-un ner-e na(idar-<y>i eilek-yin qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai

ner-e ene bui.

531
TRANSCRIPTION

Kerteg (adquldu(i tngri-yin egden bein-

odun
Rkini bayan kmn-i noqay-yin
geyireglgi odun
Margaar ilu(un n<e>gge gelen negen-
odun
Ardar usun-dur alda(san imnus-un niyen-
odun
Burnavasu i(ulin mr tridkegi odun (aqay-yin
Bus (ana nin ulus-un ein ima(an-u
odun
Asli( rne umara-yin iim odun mo(ay-yin
Mig albin-u degeremei odun mo(ay-yin
Burvabalguni qakirqui gebri odun to(os-un
Udaribalguni kger qara arudasun odun tege
Qasta (altu tor(on ergiki modun mo(ay-yin
odun
Jayitari bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun baras-un
Suvadi btgi odun bu(u-yin
Sua( k sang bari(i odun baras-un
Anurad nigen em-e isn er-e-yi geresengeri
daruqu odun
ista tngri-yin ijim odun bein-
Mul qan kmn tr kk to(os-un
odun
Burvasad dolo(an leyit bayan odun arsalan-u
Udarisad drbelin gri odun ara tege-yin
Abiji da(ulai nin odun bu(u-yin
irvang ila(un daru(da(i odun morin-u

532
TRANSCRIPTION

Tanista grgein imnus-un odun ara iba(un-u

Sadabis miqai gebri-yin odun luvas[a]n-u
Burvabadaribad yeke sun-a odun mo(i-u[=mo(ay-yin]
Udaribadaribad miqai a(an odun lausan-u
Rivadi r-e tasulu(i odun morin-u
Aivani nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun qonin
daru(i odun
Barani abu(i eliy-e odun ker-n

qa(ailtu drben edr anu. qabur namurun qu(us

un ebln til-n edr bolai.
aliba sayin iles-i igerle.

[59v]

na(idar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud ene bui.

Kerteg ir(u(an odun kir(a(ul met (al bui

Rkini dolo(an odun tergen met iroi bui
Margaar (urban odun grgesn terign kei bui
met
Ardar qoyar odun dabqur seig met usun bui
Burnavasu naiman odun gern [n]iru(un met kei bui
Bus (urban odun yasutu meneki met (al bui
Asli( tabun odun mo(ay-yin terign usun bui
met
Mig ir(u(an odun morin met (al bui

533
TRANSCRIPTION

Burvabalguni qoyar odun modun met (al bui

Udaribalguni qoyar odun sandali met kei bui
Qasta taban odun (ar met kei bui
Jayitari nigen odun lingquu-a met kei bui
Suvadi drben odun jindamuni met kei bui
Sua( drben odun ima(an-u terign (al bui
met
Anurad tabun odun a(an-u terign met iroi bui
ista (urban odun kegr-n nke met iroi bui
Mul (urban odun arsalan-u o(dor usun bui
met
Burvasad drben odun subur(an met usun bui
Udarisad drben odun rlbi met iroi bui
Abiji (urban odun a(an-u terign met iroi bui
irvang (urban odun kgerge met iroi bui
Tanista drben odun iba(un met usun bui
Sadabis qoyar odun eeg met iroi bui
Burvabadaribad nigen odun modun met (al bui
Udaribadaribad qoyar odun modun met usun bui
Rivadi (uin qoyar odun ong(oa met usun bui
Aivani (urban odun morin-u terign met kei bui
Barani. (urban odun mese met (al bui
basa ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu edr anu

drben a(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu

nigen edr bolai.

basa yeke (arul(-a-u [=(arul(-a-yin edr] anu.

534
TRANSCRIPTION

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai

6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a 9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai

[60r]

kn krgen sgdk

krdn ene bui.

sara yeke bges

krgen-ee jb to(ala.

sara ba(-a bges egde-ee buru(u to(ala

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin.

busud anu tokiyaldubasu l bolumui.

tabun qalqala(i ede kemebes.

qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu. yasutu menekey-yin

krmeli. so( ariyan-u rgesn. orong(u-yin

eber. bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui.

basa iln qo(osun anu. Nigen sarayin

Qulu(an-a Qoyar sarayin ker 'urban

Baras Drben Taulai Tabun Luu ir(u(an Mo(ai

Dolo(an Mori. Naiman Qoni. Isn Bein. Arban

Takiy-a Arban nigen Noqai Arban qoyar sarayin

'aqai edr bolai.

535
TRANSCRIPTION

Nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai

3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker. 7 Mori.

8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker

Nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras

3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a. 5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a.

7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a ede ara ula(an quma(-du edd-d

i(ulilabasu kmn kk ger baribasu

a(u qono(-du timer itaqu. kin

gk beri ba(ul(abasu a(u qono(-du kk

[60v]

basa nigen eket suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( [=esg]

ula(-un negegemel edr anu. Nigen sarayin Takiy-a Qulu(an-a

'aqai. Qoyar sarayin Qulu(an-a ker Luu Mo(ai Bein

Morin Noqai 'aqai edr-e sayin. 'urban sarayin Qulu(an-a

ker Taulai Bein edr-e sayin. Drben sarayin Luu Morin

Qonin Bein edr-e sayin. Tabun Baras Taulai Luu Mo(ai Morin

Qonin Takiy-a 'aqai edr-e sayin bui. ir(u(an Baras Taulai

Luu Mo(ai Bein Noqai edr-e sayin. Dolo(an Takiy-a edr

mai sayin. Naiman Qulu(an-a ker Baras Taulai Takiy-a

536
TRANSCRIPTION

'aqai edr-e sayin. Isn Taulai Luu Bein 'aqai edr-e

sayin. Arban Taulai Luu Bein Takiy-a edr-e sayin.

Arban nigen ker Baras edr-e sayin. Arban qoyar ker

Baras Taulai Mori Qoni Bein takiy-a Noqai edr-e sayin.

edeger negegemel kemek edr-e nigen abda(ur sauli

er<e>gbes qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayiiyamu

busu edr-e a(an Qonin igs-ber takibau l

oyiiyamu kemeki.

basa nigen il odun erdem-<y>i to(olabasu.

Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui. ed

mal l (ar(amui. Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin

odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui Pus Suvadi Rivadi

Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn- iles-d

sayin. Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui.

iles bgde-d ma(u kememi. Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui.

kgsed-n nom-du [...] ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni

dayisun-u odun bui. dayisun-a ol(obasu sayin. Kerteg

Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui. nom

buyan iledk-d sayin.

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu(

537
TRANSCRIPTION

oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. dorona Margasar

Bus qoyar emne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar. rn-e

Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar. umara

Udaribadaribad kiged Aivani qoyar naiman

ber-n odun kemebes Ardar Burnavasu qoyar

Qasta Jayitar qoyar. Anurad Tanisa qoyar.

[61r]

Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar bui. drben r-e

tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar.

Abaji Barani qoyar buyu. drben tan odun

kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar. drben belbesn odun kemebes

Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu.

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i tabun maqabud-iyar

il(abasu. Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg

Rokini eden modun bui Mi<n>g Burvabalguni

Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden

(al bui. Anurad istan Mul Burvasad

Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui. Tanis Sadabis

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani

538
TRANSCRIPTION

eden usun bui. Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden

iroy-yin inar buyu na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar

il(abasu Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben

odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu. eden edr

ebedin emlebes iles sedbes tarni uribasu

ai( tusa eribes nom nomlabasu baa( sangvar

abubasu ndr btgek iles sayin. qur-a

orobasu qoyin-a (a'ng bolqu. kbegn trbes

biy-e bildar (oo-a ges-dr urin [=uran] bolu(ad

oyun qurdun olan sana(atu itegelgei bged

nayan nasulaqu buyu Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad

Udaribadaribad eden drben odun ingbatu

obo(-tan buyu. eden odud qan oro[n-a] sa(ubasu

noyan isanglabasu in-e (aar il(abasu qota

bal(asun baribasu kereg ara( keyibes iiten tbidk

iles sayin boro(an orobasu sken bolqu

kbegn trbes qudal l glek nayan

nasulaqu buyu Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad

Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-

tan buyu. degeds-<y>i takiqui ba. tr bariqui ba.

eyetn i(ulqui ba. toyin quvara(-un-yi [=quvara(-ud-i]

539
TRANSCRIPTION

kndeleki ba. imeg igki amurling(ui iles

sayin boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg

[61v]

kbegn trbes oyun qurdun gen-tr

uran sana(-a tbin bged sayin ner-e aldariqu

qorin naiman nasun-a ese kbes iran nasulayu

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun

qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu eden edr ereg

mordabasu dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui oi modun o(talqui

kiged aliba do(in iles-dr sayin. boro(an

orobasu basa oroqu kbegn trbes

qata(uu do(in aburitu qorin nasun-aa

nggerebes dalan nasulayu Burnavasu Suvad'i

irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau

l tbidk obo(-tan buyu eden edr

qola busu (aar-a odqu ba. qudaldu keyiki ba. l

tbidk iles-dr sayin. qur-a orobasu

darui-tur oroqu kbegn trbes qudali

umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu nasun anu nayan

540
TRANSCRIPTION

nasulayu Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden

mai tbin obo(-tan buyu quda anda bolqui

adu(usun qudalduqui bo(ol arudasun abqui

rabnas oroi(ulqui kiged buyantu iles-dr

sayin bui boro(an orobasu basa oromui.

kbegn trbes ilu(un aburitu bolu(ad

uran bged iran nasulayu Kerteg ua( qoyar ing

bged gelen obo(-tan buyu eden edd erdeni

terigten-i uralabasu (al mandal tlebes sayin

ai( tusa eribes dumda boro(an orobasu

basa oromui. kbegn trbes ala(uu-

dur oba(ad telki-dr ir(amui::::::.

drben terign odun-dur adis l

daru(ulqu drben es odun-dur

qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui::

541
 TRANSLATION

[1v] I prostrate myself before the guru, Majuri (Manjuari), who, in the compassion

of superior understanding, is the one who, having brought forth the rain of good merit from

the clouds, causes it to fall upon the grains of supreme peace.

While those whom the aggregate of doctrines on supreme truth frees from

conceptualization (tu(urbil-aa qa(aa(san) do not strive in conceptualization to be counted

as individuals, those who do not yet understand the three times ((urban a(), need relative

truth (ina(unki), etc., and the links of dependent origination (sitn barildaqu iles). Saying

this, Buddha, the Bodhisattvas, the god Majuri, who preached from the root tantras

(ndsn dandris), the Klacakra (a(-un krdn), Cakrasambara (Jagr-a sambur-a),83 etc.,

those of Mahmya (Maq-a mayai),84 and Majuri,85 and in the sutras, and who found

supernatural knowledge in the world, together with the sages, have taught, most extensively,

mathematics and the benefits of reckoning.

Bandida Sim}ha Sali (Singq-a Sari),86 who understood the five sciences (tabun oron),

said that although you who are purified by the quality of a single-pointed mind ((ana gr

sedkil-n inar) do not need striving nor phenomenalization, if one desires the understanding

of the three times which precedes happiness, one must study these things. Also, because it

has been preached thus, considering in what manner to represent the three kinds of

83
The root tantra is the Cakrasamvara-tantra. Cf. Raghu Vira 1959: 13.
84
The root tantra is the Mahmyatantra-nma. Cf. Newman 1987: 402.
85
The Majurmlatantra.
86
Translation uncertain.

542
TRANSLATION

mathematics, outer, inner, and secret,87 in order to make a pure offering, [2r] one relies upon

the sutras preached by Buddha who victoriously passed beyond, the tantras, and especially

upon the five planets (tabun gara()88 in the Klacakra and the six aspects of unity

(qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi). Also, as for the mathematics of pure essence (teyin bged

arilu(san-u to(-a), the basis by which are made known the planets sympathetic to the various

parts of rituals (ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara(),89 the addition or subtraction of days,

the tables of the stars and nakshatra, the three kinds of day (qono(-un (urban il), and

classification (il(al), it was preached in other sutras.

Here the Bodhisattva, Majuri, refuge of living beings and the incarnation of Buddha,

is the one who teaches mathematics, etc. in the land of black China. It is Majuri's land of

the Chinese. It was preached in the root tantra of Majuri, translated from Sanskrit, that if

an ignorant son is to perform rites pertaining to the mathematics of black China and the sutras

which have come from there, then any designation of a new moon should be made from an

understanding of the Chinese sutras.

87
These are the three kinds of time according to the Klacakra-tantra (Cornu 1997:
25-26).
88
The reference here might be to sections of the Klacakra sources which treat the
five planets. An example of this would be Klacakratantra I,40-I,49(1), which describes "the
movement of the five planets" (Schuh 1972: 25).
89
Nigleski (compassion, sympathy) is the second of the four boundless states which
comprise one of the seven parts (geign) of tantric ritual (ndsn [cf. Lessing, 1178, 1170,
1191]), but here it appears to be an astrological term, referring to the planets best suited to
the various parts of ritual.

543
TRANSLATION

As to why this is so, it is said that in China on the fifteenth day of the first month of

spring, the dawn breaks by the Mig nakshatra. Because of this, it is said that in the Mig

month the roots of grass rejuvenate and, according to the Chinese mathematical treatises, on

the thirteenth day of the first month of spring, the Tiger day causes the wheel [of the heavens]

to move, and, led by the Wood star, is born in the Bus nakshatra. To elucidate what has been

taught, it is said that making the Mig month the first month of spring, if one counts according

to the custom of beginning with the Earth star on the first day of the month, then, the

celebration of the Bodhisattva Majuri's birth is the day when the thirteenth, the Tiger day,

together with the Wood star, [2v] coincide with the Bus nakshatra.

Also, according to the Chinese sutra, ?Lii-du ting sang,90 one should designate the Mig

month as the Tiger month, the first month of spring. It is because of this that, according to

the custom of the Chinese astrologers, which was taught by Majuari, making the Tiger

month, which is the first month of spring, Qubi sara91 and then beginning to count from there,

the mathematics of the twelve months, the conjunctions of the stars and nakshatra, the

assembling and dispersing of the eight classes (naiman ayima(), and the like, the distinction

between acquiring and losing, the mathematics of the twelve links of dependent origination

(arban qoyar sitn barildaqui) according to the Indian tradition, the hours of the day and

night, the division of the quarter hours and so forth, all purify the suffering that is in the

90
Translation uncertain.
91
That is, the first month of the year.

544
TRANSLATION

world, and for the sake of bringing peace and happiness, this pure brilliant calendar was

composed with equanimity.

Although here there is no way to understand the sunrise and the stars, etc., according

to the Indian custom, [this manual] was created according to the Chinese mathematicians by

beginning the Tiger, Horse, and Dog months under the influence of Saturn. The nakshatra

were composed by integrating that which is in keeping with the custom of the Chinese

astrologers together with the Heart of the Sun Sutra (Naran-u irken neret sudur) which was

preached by Buddha. The twelve links of dependent origination were composed according

to the custom created by Ngrjuna from the tantra of Cakrasambara. The years, the eight

classes, etc., the lords of land and water ((aar usun-u eid), when they assemble and disperse,

where they reside and so forth were all composed according to the custom of the Chinese

astrologers. For this reason the wise should understand that custom well and study it

carefully.

[3r] Also, as to designating the beginning of the new year, in keeping with the

Klacakra, making the first of the year the Jayitari month, which comes in the middle of

spring, it will be celebrated when the leaves, which have since fallen, begin to reappear. In

keeping with the custom of the tantras of Vajradkin (Bajar dagini-yin ndsn ) and

Cakrasambara (Jagr-a-sambur-a) it will be celebrated on the sixteenth day of the Margiar

month when the winter sun descends (ebln nara ba(uqu edr).92 [And] it will be

92
That is, the first day of winter.

545
TRANSLATION

celebrated after the Bus month of the Chinese mathematicians has left this land (China) and

the dust has settled, making the Mig month the first month of spring.93

As to using the names of the nakshatra for the twelve months, Sua( and so forth, for

the sake of conformity this custom should be learned.

Also the astrological customs regarding days to be dropped and intercalary months

should be known. As for the days to be dropped, in this year there are twelve months. Six

masculine months each have 30 days. In the six feminine months there are no more than

twenty-nine days. Thus, six days will be dropped. Then, at the respective times when the sun

pauses in the south and when it pauses in the north (nara bayiqu),94 two days will be dropped.

Adding these together, then, in three years they will make an intercalary month. Sages such

as Ngrjuna etc. preached this in sutras such as the Klacakra.

Also in that sutra, concerning the custom of dropping six days according to the tenets

of the supreme Abidharma,95 while there are thirty days in the Tiger month, the first month

of spring, because there are not thirty days in the Hare month, the twenty-ninth day will be the

final day of the month. [3v] Also, while there are thirty days in the Dragon month, because

there are not fifteen days in the first half of the Snake month, the fourteenth becomes the

fifteenth. Also, while there are thirty days in the Horse month, because there are not thirty

93
For the names of the nakshatra which designate the twelve months see Table IV.13.
94
These two periods are the winter and summer solstices, when the sun seems to
pause and change direction, in winter, from south to north, in summer back toward the south.
95
Tib. chos mngon pa; S. abhidharma. Name of the third section of the Buddhist
basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of Buddhist doctrine.

546
TRANSLATION

days in the Sheep month, it is as before. Also, while there are thirty days in the Monkey

month, because there is no fifteenth in the Cock month, it is as before. Also while there are

thirty days in the Dog month, because there are not thirty days in the Pig month, it is as before.

And finally, while there are thirty days in the Rat month, because there is no fifteenth in the

Ox month, it is as before.

Also, as for those who uphold the custom of Vinaya (Dlb-a) disciplinary regulations

of the lamas and the general tenets for counting the days by clepsydra, it is said that there will

be an intercalary month after the lustrum (tabun il).96 According to the tenets of Ngrjuna

regarding the six months in which days are dropped, as they pertain to a sign which indicates

that one should drop a day from the last part of the month instead of from the first, it should

be understood that if by looking with one eye, the external lunar mansion of this day has

passed in front of the moon, it is the external nakshatra of the next day, and it is this day

which should be dropped. One must distinguish the nakstatra from the stars of the days

which have been dropped.

Also as for dropping four days during the times when the sun proceeds to the south

and when it proceeds to the north, when there is no clear day to drop, the sun will reside in

the same place in three days time each time, but because this is not counted as two stars of the

days or nakshatra, [4r] these days may be dropped.97

96
The translation of lustrum here is uncertain. See Vogel 1964: 232-233; Schuh
1973: 8-9.
97
Rather, the position of the sun at the solstices is marked by one day-star and one
nakshatra. Therefore, two days may be dropped at each solstice.

547
TRANSLATION

To treat the intercalary month in the same way, over the middle month of spring in the

Rat year two days will be dropped. In the middle month of summer in the Hare year, two.

In the middle month of autumn in the Horse year, two. In the middle month of autumn in the

Cock year, two. Also, if one were to consider the star and nakshatra for the intercalary

month, it should be understood that two days are dropped from that month as well. If one

does not understand this, and continues to count without knowing which days to drop or the

intercalary month, then the good and bad results will not be accomplished. This was preached

by the Master, Ngrjuna.

To summarize the intercalary month, if one studies these methods for counting [which

days to drop] and tries to bring them all under one system, one must be careful not to drop

days in only one direction. Some months one will drop a day from the initial fifteen days.

Other months one will drop a day from the latter fifteen days.

Thus, one should know the waxing and waning of the moon. One should examine

carefully with one's own eyes the moment at which the lunar mansion is in conjunction with

the moon. Also, if one were to say that the tenets found in edicts, those of Ngrjuna, etc, and

of the supreme sages are different from this, it is because it was taught in the sutras that in

times of calamity the sun and moon will lose their way [among the stars], but the weather of

the years, months and quarter hours will agree.98 What is common in the tenets of many

sutras, however, is that over three years there will be one intercalary month.

98
This refers to the Chinese system of dividing the year into "twenty-four joints and
breaths" (Palmer 1986: 64-66).

548
TRANSLATION

In general, when making any of these calculations, [4v] one needs to know unerringly

which day to drop. Knowing this, one needs to examine the star and the lunar mansions

throughout one's lifetime with one's own eyes. Thus, one must also know the moon, as to how

it conforms to the nakshatra, when it is new, when it waxes full and when it wanes. When

one knows this, one needs to know the number of the moon. Also, if one is confused and

uncertain about whatever star or nakshatra, or does not know these things because clouds

have covered the sky, then the way to know these things is as follows: Having risen early the

following day, washed one's hands and face, put on a new robe and adopted a pious mind-set,

if one goes out in whatever direction one desires, the sign will be: If that day is Thursday one

will meet a magician (tarnii) or a physician, or, if not, one will meet a man with a bay horse.

If it is Sunday one will meet an older man or an older woman who is riding a white horse,

wearing a white robe and leading a white dog. If it is Tuesday, one will meet a Bon priest or

someone with a red robe, or, if not, one will meet with a robber or a dispute. If it is Saturday,

one will meet with a monk, or someone riding a fallow horse, or someone herding sheep, or

someone boiling tea, or someone riding two small oxen or, if not, one will meet with someone

who has a scar or birthmark on his face or with someone who has an injured eye. If it is

Friday [5r] one will meet with a nobleman or a sinful man or a low bad man or, if not, one

will meet with someone riding a blue grey horse or with a merchant. If it is Monday one will

meet with a Bon priest or a commoner or, if not, with someone riding a black horse or

someone carrying water. If it is the Wednesday one will meet with someone riding an ox or

someone riding a black horse or a commoner who looks like a frog, or, if not, he will meet

549
TRANSLATION

with an old woman who is carrying something black. By reconciling these signs one will

know the star of the day. When one knows the star of the day, one will know the lunar

mansion, as well.

Also, if one would like to know how to count the variations of time, then there are two

items, known as the very first moment (gan) and the single sound (da(un), by which to

reckon [time] beginning from a single moment, and making the day, night, month and year.

As for the very first moment, it equals the time it takes an arrow that is shot by a marksman

[to pierce] a leaf. Because the sound that is emitted with this is equal to the length of the act

itself, one sound (da(un) is made. Thus, sixty da(un equal one me (branch); thirty me

equal one qubi (share); thirty qubi equal one day; thirty days equal one month; and twelve

months equal one year.99 What remains after joining these [units of time] becomes the

intercalary month.

Also, as for measuring by the dusul (drop), if one counts the interval between the

breaths of an ignorant commoner, three hundred sixty of these [5v] make a dusul. This is

equal to a single breath of the gods. Two breaths equal one qubi.100

When counting a qubi, it is said that in one me there are six breaths; there are sixty

me in one qubi; in one qubi there is one dusul--two qubi is as much as one of the common

99
Thus, according to this reckoning, 1 qubi = 48 minutes; 1 me = 1.6 minutes or 96
seconds; and 1 da(un = 1.6 seconds. Here the qubi translates S. muhurta, defining the
Indian measure which dates back to Vedic times. Cf. Stone 1981: 179.
100
Thus, 4 seconds = the measurement for the interval between the breath of an
ignorant commoner; 24 minutes = the interval between the breath of a god; 1 dusul = 24
minutes

550
TRANSLATION

[qubi]. Sixty qubi make one day; thirty days make one month.101 If there are two moons [in

the period of a thirty day month] one will be an intercalary month.

Beginning to count from the sixteenth day of the middle month of winter, after six

months and six days have passed, the sun will reverse direction from southward to northward

and then three months from the time the sun reverses, the day and night will be equal. The

day will be fifteen common qubi. The night will be fifteen common qubi.102 The variance

between day and night will by six common qubi. The day and night will respectively increase

and decrease me by me so that day and night grow long and short. Therefore, concerning

the increasing and decreasing [of the day and night, this time] is divided up by me, making

qubi, [while] without change, one should count the day six hours and the night six hours.

When the sun finishes its procession to the south and to the north, one year will have passed.

One more item, as to clearly knowing the time by means of the stick with seven qubi

(gnomon),103 [6r] if one places it into level ground at noon on the dungji day104 when the sun

pauses at the end of its southerly progression, one will see that the shadow of the gnomon will

be six qubi. From there, on the days when the sun moves into a new house, the qubi shadow

101
Here 1 qubi = 24 minutes and 1 me = 24 seconds. The "common qubi" = 48
minutes, as before.
102
Thus, the day and night will each be 48(15) or 720 minutes.
103
For a description of the gnomon see Needham 1959: 284.
104
The dngji day is the winter solstice, when the sun is low in the sky. The
corresponding summer solstice is the aji day. Other Mongolian terms for the solstices are
nara buaqu edr, "the day the sun returns", and nara o(sulta edr, "the day the sun stops".

551
TRANSLATION

will diminish, one by one, until noon on the aji day when the sun has reached the end of its

northerly progression. On this day the gnomon will cast no shadow. From there, the sun will

move from house to house, and the qubi shadow will increase one by one [as well], and when

the shadow reaches six qubi, a year will have passed. Thus, at the two stages when the day

and night are equal, day and night begin to grow longer and shorter, respectively, in two

phases. Thus, the pneumas of spring and fall appear as well. What one should know about

measuring time by means of the stick with seven qubi is completed.

Also, as for the system of calculating by making the day one hundred me, in one day

and two nights there are one hundred me. These are divided into twelve hours.105 In one

hour there are eight me, four qubi and three adqu (handful). Ten qubi make one me. Ten

adqu make one qubi.106 By this means, the twenty-four breaths and joints of the sky and land

are divided up. Also with the coming of dngji, the winter solstice, after the winter sun has

paused, the days begin to grow longer. With the coming of the middle of spring (n un) in

the second month, day and night are equal. With the coming of the middle of autumn (teng

iu un) in the eighth month,107 day and night are equal (edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu). [6v]

105
Here the Mongolian a( = 2 hours, so a day lasts 12 hours.
106
Thus, 1 me = 14 minutes 24 seconds; 1 qubi = 86.4 seconds; and 1 adqu = 8.64
seconds.
107
This is the eighth month according to the Indian Klacakra system, that is, the
Aivani (S. Avini) month. In the Chinese peasant calendar it is the first month of winter.
In the Chinese astronomical calendar it is the final month of autumn. In Tibet it is known
as the Dog month, the Ninth month in Mongolia.

552
TRANSLATION

Then, with the coming of aji, the summer solstice, when the progression ceases, the sun of

summer pauses and from then on [the night] grows ever longer.

Also, the first four me of the Rat-hour comprise the outer limits of that day. The

final four me comprise the outer limits of the next day.108 When the sun has not yet risen,

if one does not recognize the face of someone at a distance of ten yards (alqum) and one foot

(gikim), it is in the outer limits of the night. If one recognizes the face it is in the outer limits

of the day. When the sun sets, if one recognizes the face of someone at a distance of ten yards

and one foot, it is in the outer limits of the day. If one does not recognize the face, it is in the

outer limits of the night.

Also, all sages who would like to understand the meaning of the intercalary month,

should study this carefully. Three hundred sixty-six days make one year. When one

calculates in the contemporary way, making the year three hundred and sixty days, then six

days are left over. Also, if one calculates making the twelve months into six big months and

six small months, then six more days remain. In three years this will make thirty-six days.

If one makes thirty of these days into an intercalary month, six days will be left over. If one

joins these remaining six days with the twenty-four days of the following two years, this will

make another intercalary month.

As for the method to insert an intercalary month, if there was an intercalary month in

any of the months of the year which passed forty-seven years ago, then that month will be

108
The twelve hours of the day also take the names of the twelve animals. The Rat
hour = 11 p.m.-1 a.m. (see Table IV.32). Thus, the first four me of the Rat hour bring the
day to twelve o'clock midnight.

553
TRANSLATION

made to reside behind the intercalary month of the present coming year. If there is no

intercalary month in the forty-seventh year, then one should see the preceding and proceeding

days as equal. If in any month there is no pneuma in the proceeding fifteen days, [7r] then

that month will be an intercalary month. This month coincides with a year which begins with

an intercalary month. If there is no intercalary month, this coincides with a contrary year.109

The fifteenth day of the last month of the year which passed nine years ago, coincides

with the first day of the first month of this present year. The great and small months to come

should be sought from this. As for any year, then, if it is a year for which one says, "this year

begins with Yushui (Constant Rain [yuu sui]) the following year begins with Lichun (The

Beginning of Spring [li un])," or whether it is known as Jiaji, it begins without change from

the Rat, and the two years following this [Constant Rain] year will begin at the beginning of

Spring.

[7v]

Jia-ji year Yi-geng year Bing-xin year Ding-ren year Wu-gui year
Bing-tiger Wu-tiger Geng-tiger Ren-tiger Jia-tiger
month month month month month
Ding-hare Ji-hare Xin-hare Gui-hare Yi-hare
month month month month month
Wu-dragon Geng-dragon Ren-dragon Jia-dragon Bing-dragon
month month month month month

109
The contrary year is common in Chinese almanacs. In Mongolian it is known as
qari il. In the picture on the cover of Chinese almanacs there are subtle indications of what
the year will be. The contrary year is also signified here. See also Mostaert's definition in
Dictionnaire ordos, p. 297a.

554
TRANSLATION

Ji-snake Xin-snake Gui-snake Yi-snake Ding-snake

month month month month month
Geng-horse Ren-horse Jia-horse Bing-horse Wu-horse
month month month month month
Xin-sheep Gui-sheep Yi-sheep Ding-sheep Ji-sheep
month month month month month
Ren-monkey Jia-monkey Bing-monkey Wu-monkey Geng-monkey
month month month month month
Gui-cock Yi-cock Ding-cock Ji-cock Xin-cock
month month month month month
Jia-dog Bing-dog Wu-dog Geng-dog Ren-dog
month month month month month
Yi-pig Ding-pig Ji-pig Xin-pig Gui-pig
month month month month month
Bing-rat Wu-rat Geng-rat Ren-rat Jia-rat
month month month month month
Ding-ox Ji-ox Xin-ox Gui-ox Yi-ox
month month month month
month

Table to Know the Forms of the Twelve Months

Jia-ji day Yi-geng day Bing-xin day Ding-ren day Wu-gui day
Ding-hare Ji-hare Xin-hare Gui-hare Yi-hare
hour hour hour hour hour
Wu-dragon Geng-dragon Ren-dragon Jia-dragon Bing-dragon
hour hour hour hour hour
Ji-snake Xin-snake Gui-snake Yi-snake Ding-snake
hour hour hour hour hour
Geng-horse Ren-horse Jia-horse Bing-horse Wu-horse
hour hour hour hour hour

555
TRANSLATION

Xin-sheep Gui-sheep Yi-sheep Ding-sheep Ji-sheep

hour hour hour hour hour
Ren-monkey Jia-monkey Bing-monkey Wu-monkey Geng-monkey
hour hour hour hour hour
Gui-cock Yi-cock Ding-cock Ji-cock Xin-cock
hour hour hour hour hour
Jia-dog Bing-dog Wu-dog Geng-dog Ren-dog
hour hour hour hour hour
Yi-pig Ding-pig Ji-pig Xin-pig Gui-pig
hour hour hour hour hour
Bing-rat Wu-rat Geng-rat Ren-rat Jia-rat
hour hour hour hour hour
Ding-ox Ji-ox Xin-ox Gui-ox Yi-ox
hour hour hour hour hour
Wu-tiger Geng-tiger Ren-tiger Jia-tiger Bing-tiger
hour hour hour hour hour

[8r] According to the Klacakrists of India this is the Mig month, the final month of

winter. For the peasants it is the middle month of spring.110 For the mathematicians of black

China it is the first month of spring. In Tibet it is the Tiger month. In Mongolia it is known

as Qubi sara. Because it is the Tiger month, its sign is that the tiger brings forth its young.

In the sky the dawn with appear by the Mig lunar mansion. On the ground the pneuma of

slightly warmer weather will arrive. In the interval, on the seventh day, the sparrow will

chirp. This month is known as the meritorious month in which Buddhas (burqan), demons

110
The peasant calendar here refers to the calendar of the twenty-four joints and
breathes, which gives the changes in climate necessary for farmers to plant and harvest their
crops. See Palmer 1986: 64.

556
TRANSLATION

(imnus) and the six heretics (ir(u(an teryinar) are appeased and great magical

transformations (riddi qubil(an) are brought forth. Because the sun has entered Aquarius the

Pitcher (Qumqan-u ger), on the earth wine will taste good. The day will last twenty-six qubi;

the night, thirty-four. On the fifteenth the sun will rise to the crowns of the heads of the

dragon kings. In the water fish will run. The time of wind will begin. The raven will fix its

nest. On the twenty-fourth, by the conjunction of the moon with Anurad, the good and bad

auspices will be signified. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southeast. oliy-a mr in the west.

Yeke tngri, the east. itgen eke is in the Cock place. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the west. Qubi

sara is good for taking the throne, bestowing a title, giving a blessing and making an offering.

Taysui is in the south; Janggn, the east; on the Dragon day, 'okimui. On the Snake day the

obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Rat day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Snake day, l

sedk and Ula(an aa(ai. On the Tiger, Modun erlig; on the Ox, kln een; and on the

Dog, 'aar-un (al.

[8v]

First. Earth-star. Ascendant, Eleventh. Fire-star. Weak. Twenty-first. Gold-star.

Full. Tanista. Tiger-
Ignorance. Yilig. East.
Second. Sun-star. Ascendant,
Full. Sadabis. Hare-Activity.
Yilig. South.
Third. Moon-star. Declining.
Burvabadaribad. Dragon-
Consciousness. Yilig. East.
Ardar. Rat-Birth. East.
Twelfth. Water-star.
Declining. Burnavasu. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
South.
Thirteenth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Bus. Tiger-
Ignorance. North.
Sua(. Dog-Accepting.
North.
Twenty-second. Earth-star.
Anurad. Pig-Becoming.
South.
Twenty-third. Sun-star. ista.
Rat-Birth. North.

557
TRANSLATION

Fourth. Fire-star. Weak. Fourteenth. Gold-star. Full. Twenty-fourth. Moon-star.

Udaribadaribad. Snake-
Name and form.111 Yilig.
East.
Fifth. Water-star. Declining.
Rivadi. Horse-Six senses.
North.
Sixth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Aivani. Ram-
Contact. South.
Seventh. Gold-star. Full.
Barani. Monkey-Sensation.
North.
Eighth. Earth-star. Full.
Kerteg. Cock-Desire. North.
Ninth. Sun-star. Weak.
Rokini. Dog-Accepting. East.
Tenth. Moon star. Margiar.
Pig-Becoming. East.
Asli(. Hare-Activity. East.
Fifteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Mig. Dragon-Consciousness.
North.
Sixteenth. Sun-star. Weak.
Burvabalguni. Snake-Name
and form. West.
Seventeenth. Moon Star.
Declining. Udaribalguni.
Horse-Six senses. Earth.
Eighteenth. Fire-star. Qasta.
Ram-Contact. South.
Nineteenth. Water-star.
Declining. Jayitari. Monkey-
Sensation. North-east.
Twentieth. Wood star.
Suvadi. Cock-Desire. South.
Declining. Mul. Ox-Growing
old and dying. West.
Twenty-fifth. Fire-star.
Weak. Burvasad. Tiger-
Ignorance. East.
Twenty-sixth. Water-star.
Declining. Udarisad. Hare-
Activity. South.
Twenty-seventh. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Abiji. Dragon-
Consciousness. Northeast.
Twenty-eighth. Gold-star.
irvan. Snake-Name and
form. North.
Twenty-ninth. Earth Star.
Full. Tanista. Horse-Six
senses. West.
Thirtieth. Sun-star. Sadabis.
Ram-Contact. West.

[9r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Udaribalguni month, the first month of spring.

For the peasants it is the final month of spring. For the mathematicians of black China it is

the middle month of spring. In Tibet it is the Hare month. In Mongolia it is the Second

month. Because it is the Hare month, its sign is that hares notice all the buds on the trees, eat

their fill, then mate. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Udaribalguni lunar mansion. On

111
Here ngge ni(ur, "form and face", is written for the usual ner-e ngge.

558
TRANSLATION

the ground the pneuma of warm weather will arrive. All things on land and in the water will

roam. In the interval, the hawk will mate. The raven will wash itself in blood. Because the

sun has entered Pisces the Fishes, all the fish in the water will run. The day will be twenty-

eight qubi. The night, thirty-two qubi. On the twenty-first the good and bad auspices for

planting seeds will be signified. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the east. Qo(osun qumq-a is in

the northwest. Yeke tngri is in the south. Qo(osun qumq-a . . . . itgen Eke is in the Ox

place. During the Second month, if one does business, sets off on a campaign, or quarrels

with others it is good. Taysui is in the south; Janggn in the east. On the Ox day, 'okimui.

On the Tiger day obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Hare day there will be Fire of

the Gods. On the Cock day, l sedk. On the Cock day, Ula(an aa(ai. On the Snake,

Modun erlig; on the Dog, kln een. On the Cock, 'aar-un (al; on the Dragon, Fire of

Moon.

[9v]

First. Moon-star. Full.
Burvabadaribad. Monkey-
Sensation. Yilig. South.
Second. Fire-star. Declining.
Udaribadaribad. Cock-
Desire. Yilig. East.
Third. Water-star. Full.
Rivadi. Dog-Accepting. Yilig.
East.
Fourth. Wood star. Full.
Aivani. Pig-Becoming. Yilig.
East.
Eleventh. Wood star. Full.
Bus. Horse-Six senses. West.
Twelfth. Gold-star. Weak.
Asli(. Ram-Contact. West.
Thirteenth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Mig. Monkey-
Sensation. East.
Fourteenth. Sun-star.
Declining. Burvabalguni.
Cock-Desire. South.
Twenty-first. Sun-star. ista.
Dragon-Consciousness. East.
Twenty-second. Moon-star.
Full. Mul. Snake-Name and
form. Northwest.
Twenty-third. Fire-star.
Declining. Burvasad. Horse-
Six senses. West.
Twenty-fourth. Water-star.
Full. Udarisad. Ram-Contact.
North.

559
TRANSLATION

Fifth. Gold-star. Weak. Fifteenth. Moon-star. Full. Twenty-fifth. Wood star.

Barani. Rat-Birth. West.
Sixth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Kerteg. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
West.
Seventh. Sun-star. Declining.
Rokini. Tiger-Ignorance.
East.
Eighth. Moon-star. Full.
Margiar. Hare-Activity.
East.
Ninth. Fire-star. Declining.
Ardar. Dragon-
Consciousness. South.
Tenth. Water-star. Full.
Burnavasu. Snake-Name and
form. West.
Udaribalguni. Dog-
Accepting. North.
Sixteenth. Fire-star.
Declining. Qasta. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Seventeenth. Water-star.
Weak. Jayitari. Rat-Birth.
South.
Eighteenth. Wood star. Full.
Suvadi. Ox-Growing old and
dying. West.
Nineteenth. Gold-star. Weak.
Sua(. Tiger-Ignorance. East.
Twentieth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Anurad. Hare-
Activity. West.
Full. Abiji. Monkey-
Sensation. South.
Twenty-sixth. Gold-star.
Weak. irvan. Cock-Desire.
West.
Twenty-seventy. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Tanista. Dog-
Accepting. South.
Twenty-eighth. Sun-star.
Declining. Sadabis. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Twenty-ninth. Moon-star.
Full. Burvabadaribad. Rat-
Birth. East.
Thirtieth. Fire-star.
Declining. Udaribadaribad.
Ox-Growing old and dying.
Southeast.

[10r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Jayitari month, the middle month of spring.

For the peasants it is the first month of summer. For the mathematicians of black China it is

the final month of spring. In Tibet it is the Dragon month. In Mongolia it is the Third month.

Because it is the Dragon month, its sign is that when the pneuma (i.e., change of weather)

arrives the dragon will sound. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Jayitari lunar mansion.

On the ground uniform warmth will arrive. In the interval, all birds will come. This month

will be celebrated by the Klacakrists as the first month of the year. The fifteenth is a good

560
TRANSLATION

time for offering the consecration of the Klacakra. Because the sun is in the house Aries

The Ram, sheep will lamb in the Sheep hour. Day and night will have an equal number of

qubi. It is told that the seeds of the crops have entered the ground. On the nineteenth the

good and bad auspices for wheat will be signified. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southwest.

Qo(osun qumq-a is in the northeast. Yeke tngri is in the west. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

east. itgen eke is in the Snake place. During the Third month if one plants crops, makes

family or personal bonds, burns the fire mandala, or does business it is good. Tayisui is in the

south. Janggn is in the east. On the Dog day, 'okimui. On the Pig day obalang-un tngri

will roam about. On the Horse day Tngri-yin (al will descend. On the Ox day, l sedk.

On the Ox day, Ula(an aa(ai. On the Monkey, Modun erlig. On the Sheep, kln een.

On the Monkey, 'aar-un (al; on the Hare, Fire of Moon.

[10v]

First. Fire-star. Full. Aivani. Eleventh. Gold-star. Twenty-first. Moon-star.

Tiger-Ignorance. West.
Second. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Barani. Hare-
Activity. Northwest.
Third. Wood star. Weak.
Kerteg. Dragon-
[Consciousness]. Northwest.
Fourth. Gold-star. Declining.
Rokini. Snake-Name and
form. North.
Declining. Burvabalguni.
Rat-Birth. Southwest.
Twelfth. Earth-star. Weak.
Udaribalguni. Ox-Growing
old and dying. North.
Thirteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Qasta. Tiger-Ignorance.
South.
Fourteenth. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Jayitari.
Hare-Activity. North.
Disintegrating. Udarisad.
Dog-Accepting. South.
Twenty-second. Fire-star.
Full. Abiji. Pig-Becoming.
Northeast.
Twenty-third. Water-star.
Disintegrating. irvan. Rat-
Birth. East. This is not a
jewel.
Twenty-fourth. Wood star.
Weak. Tanista. Ox-Growing
old and dying. East.

561
TRANSLATION

Fifth. Earth-star. Full. Fifteenth. Fire-star. Full. Twenty-fifth. Gold-star.

Margiar. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Sixth. Sun-star. Full. Ardar.
Ram-Contact. Northeast.
Seventh. Moon-star. Full.
Burnavasu. Monkey-
Sensation. Northwest.
Eighth. Fire-star. Full. Bus.
Cock-Desire. Northwest.
Ninth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Asli(. Dog-
Accepting. Northeast.
Tenth. Wood star. Ascendant
and Full. Mig. Pig-Becoming.
North.
Suvadi. Dragon-Conscience.
East.
Sixteenth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Sua(. Snake-
Name and form. East.
Seventeenth. Wood star. Full.
Anurad. Horse-Six senses.
Northwest.
Eighteenth. Gold-star.
Declining. ista. Ram-
Contact. North.
Nineteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Mul. Monkey-Sensation.
Southeast.
Twenthieth. Sun-star. Full.
Burvasad. Cock-Desire.
North.
Declining. Sadabis. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
Twenty-sixth. Earth-star.
Full. Burvabadaribad. Hare-
Activity. North.
Twenty-seventh. Sun-star.
Full. Udaribadaribad.
Dragon-Consciousness.
West.
Twenty-eighth. Moon-star.
Full. Rivadi. Snake-Name
and form. South.
Twenty-ninth. Fire-star. Full.
Aivani. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Thirtieth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Barani. Ram-
Contact. West.

[11r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Sua( month, the final month of spring. For

the peasants it is the middle month of summer. For the mathematicians of black China it is

the first month of summer. In Tibet it is the Snake month. In Mongolia it is the Fourth

month. Because it is the Snake month the snake leaves its skin inside a hole. In the sky the

dawn will appear by the Sua( lunar mansion. On the ground the orchid (akirma(-un iig)

will bloom. In the interval, the cuckoo bird will sound. During this month it is a good time

for finding the sanctity of the perfected Buddha. Because the sun is in the house of Taurus

the Bull, it is the month when oxen are in heat. The day will be thirty-two qubi; the night,

562
TRANSLATION

twenty-eight qubi. On the twenty-ninth it will drizzle. Small fish will mate. If rain does not

fall on the seventh there will be red wind. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the northwest. Qo(osun

qumq-a is in the east. Yeke tngri is in the north. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the south. itgen

eke is in the Tiger place. During the Fourth month, if one teaches knowledge, mixes

medicine, meditates, or receives a consecration, it is good. Tayisui is in the west. Janggn

is in the south. On the Sheep day, 'okimui. On the Monkey day obalang-un tngri will roam

about. On the Cock day Tngri-yin (al will descend. On the Monkey day, l sedk. On

the Snake day, Ula(an aa(ai. On the Pig, Modun erlig. On the Dragon, kln een. On

the Sheep, 'aar-un (al. Tiger, Fire of Moon.

[11v]

First. Wood star. Ascendant Eleventh. Sun-star. Full. Twenty-first. Water-star.

and Full. Kerteg. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Second. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Rokini. Cock-
Desire. East.
Third. Earth-star. Declining.
Margiar. Dog-Accepting.
South.
Fourth. Sun-star. Full. Ardar.
Pig-Becoming. East.
Fifth. Moon-star. Weak.
Burnavasu. Rat-Birth. South.
Sixth. Fire-star. Full. Bus.
Ox-Growing old and dying.
West.
Qasta. Horse-Six senses.
Northwest.
Twelfth. Moon-star. Weak.
Jayitari. Ram-Contact.
South.
Thirteenth. Fire-star. Full.
Suvadi. Monkey-Sensation.
East.
Fourteenth. Water-star.
Weak. Sua(. Cock-Desire.
West.
Fifteenth. Wood star. Full.
Anurad. Dog-Accepting.
West.
Sixteenth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. ista. Pig-
Becoming. East.
Weak. irvan. Dragon-
Consciousness. Southwest.
Twenty-second. Wood star.
Full. Tanista. Snake-Name
and form. Southeast.
Twenty-third. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Sadabis.
Horse-Six senses. Southwest.
Twenty-fourth. Earth-star.
Declining. Burvabadaribad.
Ram-Contact. South.
Twenty-fifth. Sun-star. Full.
Udaribadaribad. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Twenty-sixth. Moon-star.
Full. Rivadi. Cock-Desire.
Northeast.

563
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Water-star. Weak. Seventeenth. Earth-star. Twenty-seventh. Fire-star.

Asli(. Tiger-Ignorance.
Southwest.
Eighth. Wood star. Full. Mig.
Hare-Activity. South.
Ninth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Burvabalguni.
Dragon-Consciousness.
North.
Tenth. Earth-star. Declining.
Udaribalguni. Snake-Name
and form. Southwest.
Declining. Mul. Rat-Birth.
Northwest.
Eighteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Burvasad. Ox-Growing old
and dying. Southwest.
Nineteenth. Moon-star.
Weak. Udarisad. Tiger-
Ignorance. North.
Twentieth. Fire-star. Full.
Abiji. Hare-Activity. North.
Full. Aivani. Dog-Accepting.
Northwest.
Twenty-eighth. Water-star.
Weak. Barani. Pig-
Becoming. Northeast.
Twenty-ninth. Wood star.
Full. Kerteg. Rat-Birth. West.
Thirtieth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Rokini. Ox-
Growing old and dying. East.

[12r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the ista month, the first month of summer. For

the peasants it is the final month of summer. For the mathematicians of black China it is the

middle month of summer. In Tibet it is the Horse month. Because it is the Horse month its

sign is that the horse, onager and so on will fatten-up and fill out their appearance and color.

In the sky the dawn will appear by the ista lunar mansion. On the ground all leaves and

roots will grow. In the interval the young falcon will take wing. The antlers of the stag will

grow. Because the sun is in the house Gemini the Twins (Qamtudaquy-yin ger), a lustful

mind will be born in all living beings of the world. The day will be thirty-four qubi; the

night, twenty-six qubi. It is the time for peasants to gather hay. If rain does not fall either on

the seventh or on the twenty-ninth there will be drought. It is the time when the summer sun

pauses (the solstice). Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southeast. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

564
TRANSLATION

southwest. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the west. Yeke tngri is in the east. itgen eke is in the

Horse place. During the Fifth month if one builds a bridge, launches a boat, draws water

through a canal, or digs an excavation, it is good. Tayisui is in the west. Janggn is in the

south. On the Hare [day], 'okimui. On the Snake day obalang-un tngri will roam about.

On the Rat day Tngri-yin (al will descend. On the Rat day, l sedk. On the Cock day

Ula(an aa(ai. On the Hare, Modun erlig. On the Ox, kln een. On the Horse, 'aar-

un (al. On the Ox, Fire of Moon.

[12v]

First. Earth-star. Ascendant Eleventh. Fire-star. Weak. Twenty-first. Gold-star. Full.

and Full. Margiar. Tiger-
Ignorance. Yilig. East.
Second. Sun-star. Weak.
Ardar. Hare-Activity. South.
Third. Moon-star. Declining.
Burnavasu. Dragon-
Consciousness. West.
Fourth. Fire-star. Full. Bus.
Snake-Name and Form.
South.
Fifth. Water-star. Declining.
Asli(. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Sixth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Mig. Ram-
Contact. South.
Suvadi. Rat-Birth. East
Twelfth. Water-star.
Declining. Sua(. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
South.
Thirteenth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Anurad.
Tiger-Ignorance. North.
Fourteenth. Gold-star. ista.
Hare-Activity. South.
Fifteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Mul. Dragon-Consciousness.
West.
Sixteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Burvasad. Snake-Name and
form. Northwest.
Sadabis. Dog-Accepting.
North.
Twenty-second. Earth-star.
Full. Burvabadaribad. Pig-
Becoming. East.
Twenty-third. Sun-star.
Weak. Udaribadaribad. Rat-
Birth. East.
Twenty-fourth. Moon-star.
Declining. Rivadi. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
West.
Twenty-fifth. Fire-star.
Weak. Aivani. Tiger-
Ignorance. South.
Twenty-sixth. Water-star.
Declining. Barani. Hare-
Activity. South.

565
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Gold-star. Seventeenth. Moon-star. Twenty-seventh. Wood star.

Declining. Burvabalguni.
Monkey-Sensation. South.
Eighth. Earth-star. Full.
Udaribalguni. Cock-Desire.
East.
Ninth. Sun-star. Full. Qasta.
Dog-Accepting. East.
Tenth. Moon-star. Declining.
Jayitari. Pig-Becoming.
Southeast.
Declining. Udarisad. Horse-
Six senses. Northeast.
Eighteenth. Fire-star. Weak.
Abiji. Ram-Contact. South.
Nineteenth. Water-star.
irvan. Monkey-Sensation.
Northeast.
Twentieth. Wood Star.
Disintegrating.
Tanista. Cock-Desire. South.
Disintegrating. Kerteg.
Dragon-Consciousness.
Northeast.
Twenty-eighth. Gold-star.
Full. Rokini. Snake-Name
and form. South.
Twenty-ninth. Earth-star.
Full. Margiar. Horse-Six
senses. South.
Thirtieth. Sun-star. Full.
Ardar. Ram-Contact.
Northwest.

[13r]

According to the Klacakrists of India, it is the middle month of summer. For the peasants

it is the first month of autumn. For the mathematicians of black China it is the final month

of summer. In Tibet is it the Sheep month. In Mongolia it is the Sixth month. Because it is

the Sheep month, its sign is that sheep are satiated and grow fat. In the sky the dawn will

appear by the Burvasad lunar mansion. On the ground the pneuma of heat becomes extreme

and the flower called the lungru will bloom. In the interval, the pheasant brings forth young.

The pear, apricot, and other fruits will grow. Fireflies will be born from the grass of the ox.

This month, from the fourth until the fifteenth, is a meritorious good time for translating the

wheel of the true dharma. Because the sun has entered the house of Cancer the Crab, on the

earth the frog's croak will begin. The day will be thirty-six qubi; the night, twenty-four qubi.

If rain does not fall either on the third or on the twenty-sixth, it will be bad for the farmer.

566
TRANSLATION

Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the east. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the northwest. Yeke tngri is in the

south. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the north. Mother to be Relied Upon is in the Dog place.

During the Sixth month, if one receives rites for striving to attain mastery (erkedr oro(ulqui

keiyeki iles) or a consecration (abiig abubasu) it is good. Tayisui is in the west. Janggn

is in the south. On the Rat day, 'okimui. On the Tiger day obalang-un tngri will roam

about. On the Hare day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Dragon day, l sedk. On the Ox, Ula(an

aa(ai. On the the Rat, Modun erlig. On the Dog, kln een. On the Snake, fire. On the

Rat, Fire of Moon.

[13v]

First. Moon-star. Full. Bus.
Monkey-Sensation. Yilig.
South
Second. Fire-star. Declining.
Asli(. Cock-Desire. West.
Third. Water-star. Full. Mig.
Dog-Accepting. East.
Fourth. Wood star. Weak.
Burvabalguni. Pig-Becoming.
West.
Fifth. Gold-star. Weak.
Udaribalguni. Rat-Birth.
West.
Sixth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Qasta. [Ox]-
Growing old and dying.
West.
Eleventh. Wood star. Full.
ista. Horse-Six senses. East.
Twelfth. Gold-star. Weak.
Mul. Ram-Contact. South.
Thirteenth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Burvasad.
Monkey-Sensation. East.
Fourteenth. Sun-star.
Declining. Udarisad. Cock-
Desire. North.
Fifteenth. Moon-star. Full.
Abiji. Dog-Accepting. East.
Sixteenth. Fire-star.
Declining. irvan. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Twenty-first. Sun-star.
Declining. Dragon-
Consciousness. East.
Twenty-second. Moon-star.
Full. Aivani. Snake-Name
and form. West.
Twenty-third. Fire-star.
Declining. Barani. Horse-Six
senses. Northeast.
Twenty-fourth. Water-star.
Full. Kerteg. Ram-Contact.
North.
Twenty-fifth. Wood star.
Full. Rokini. Monkey-
Sensation. South.
Twenty-sixth. Gold-star.
Weak. Margiar. Cock-
Desire. North.

567
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Sun-star. Declining. Seventeenth. Water star. Full. Twenty-seventh. Earth-star.

Jayitari. Tiger-Ignorance.
North.
Eighth. Moon-star. Full.
Suvadi. Hare-Activity. North.
Ninth. Fire-star. Declining.
Sua(. Dragon-
Consciousness. South
Tenth. Water-star. Full.
Anurad. Snake-Name and
form. South
Tanista. Rat-Birth. Northeast.
Eighteenth. Wood star. Full.
Sadabis. Ox-Growing old and
dying. Northwest.
Nineteenth. Gold-star. Weak.
Burvabadaribad. Tiger-
Ignorance. North.
Twentieth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating.
Udaribadaribad. Hare-
Activity. West.
Ardar. Dog-Accepting.
South.
Twenty-eighth. Sun-star.
Declining. Burnavasu. Pig-
Becoming. South.
Twenty-ninth. Moon-star.
Full. Bus. Rat-Becoming.
East.
Thirtieth. Fire-star.
Declining. Asli(. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
Southeast.

[14r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Abiji month, the final month of summer. For

the peasants it is the middle month of autumn. For the mathematicians of black China it is

the first month of autumn. In Tibet it is the Monkey month. In Mongolia it is the Seventh

month. Because it is the Monkey month, its sign is that the monkey, ornament of the trees,

having eaten its fill of fruit, feeds its young. In the sky the dawn appears by the Abiji lunar

mansion. On the ground a cool shadow will fall and the onager will see its colt struggle to get

up. In the interval, the cuckoo bird will return to the south. The locust will mate and sound.

It is the time of drizzling rain. Because the sun has entered the house of Leo the Lion, on the

earth the lion will be in heat. The day will be thirty-four qubi; the night, twenty-six qubi. If

rain does not fall on the fourth there will be a great wind. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the west.

Qo(osun qumq-a is in the north east. Yeke tngri is in the west. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

568
TRANSLATION

east. itgen eke is in the Pig place. During the Seventh month if one causes something to

reside well (sayitar oroi(ulbasu),112 launches a boat into the water, does business, or

performs the grain rites (tariyan-u ile iledbes), it is good. Tayisui is in the north. Janggn

is in the west. On the Pig day obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Cock day, 'okimui.

On the Horse day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Pig day, l sedk. On the Snake day, Ula(an

aa(ai. On the Cock, Modun erlig. On the Sheep, kln een. On the Pig, Fire of Moon.

On the Dragon, 'aar-un (al.

[14v]

First. Fire-star. Full. Mig. Eleventh. Gold-star. Twenty-first. Moon-star.

Tiger-Ignorance. West.
Second. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Burvabalguni.
Hare-Activity. West.
Third. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Udaribalguni.
Dragon-Consciousness.
West.
Fourth. Gold-star. Declining.
Qasta. Snake-Name and
form. North.
Fifth. Earth-star. Full.
Jayitari. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Sixth. Sun-star. Full. Suvadi.
Ram-Contact. North.
Declining. Burvasad. Rat-
Birth. South.
Twelfth. Earth-star. Full.
Udarisad. Ox-Growing old
and dying. East.
Thirteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Abiji. Tiger-Ignorance. South.
Fourteenth. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. irvan. Hare-
Activity. North.
Fifteenth. Fire-star. Full.
Tanista. Dragon-
Consciousness. South.
Sixteenth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Sadabis.
Snake-Name and form. West.
Disintegrating. Barani. Dog-
Accepting. South.
Twenty-second. Fire-star.
Full. Kerteg. Pig-Becoming.
North.
Twenty-third. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Rokini. Rat-
Birth. East.
Twenty-fourth. Wood star.
Weak. Margiar. Ox-
Growing old and dying. East.
Twenty-fifth. Gold-star.
Declining. Ardar. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
Twenty-sixth. Earth-star. Full
Burnavasu. Hare-Activity.
West.

112
Either erect a Buddha or inter a corpse.

569
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Moon-star. Seventeenth. Wood star. Twenty-seventh. Sun-star.

Disintegrating. Sua(.
Monkey- Sensation.
Northeast.
Eighth. Fire-star. Full.
Anurad. Cock-Desire. East.
Ninth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. ista. Dog-
Accepting. West.
Tenth. Wood star. Weak.
Mul. Pig-Becoming. South.
Weak. Burvabadaribad.
Horse-Six senses. North.
Eighteenth. Gold-star.
Declining. Udaribadaribad.
Ram-Contact. North.
Nineteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Rivadi. Monkey-Sensation.
South.
Twentieth. Sun-star. Full.
Aivani. Cock-Desire. North.
Full. Bus. Dragon-
Consciousness. East.
Twenty-eight. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Asli(. Snake-
Name and form. North.
Twenty-ninth. Fire-star. Full.
Mig. Horse-Six senses. South
Thirtieth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Burvabalguni.
Ram-Contact. North.

[15r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Burvabadaribad month, the first month of

autumn. For the peasants it is the final month of autumn. For the mathematicians of black

China it is the middle month of autumn. In Tibet it is the Cock month. In Mongolia it is the

Eighth month. Because it is the Cock month, its sign is that all birds eat their fill of grain and

fruit. In the sky the dawn will arrive by the Burvabadaribad lunar mansion. On the land the

shoots of the milfoil flower (lge-yin iig) will bloom. In the interval the snowcock will

mate. It is the month when the falcon seizes the hare and [one] makes offerings to heaven.

All grains and tubers ripen and are harvested. During this month, because the sun has entered

the house of Virgo the Virgin, on the earth it is the time for girls to act pompously. The day

will be thirty-two qubi; the night, twenty-eight qubi. Ants and similar animals fly up and take

to the sky. If rain does not fall either on the sixth or on the twenty-fourth, there will be

570
TRANSLATION

sickness among people, followed by a great wind. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southwest.

Qo(osun qumq-a is in the southeast. Yeke tngri is in the north. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

south. itgen eke is in the Sheep place. During the Eighth month if one convenes an

assembly, goes to do Business, makes family or personal bonds, gives assistance to women,

or draws a picture, it is good. Tayisui is in the north. Janggn is in the east. On the Horse

day, 'okimui. On the Monkey day obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Cock day,

Tngri-yin (al. On the Hare day, l sedk. On the Cock day, Ula(an aa(ai. On the

Horse, Modun erlig. On the Dragon, kln een. On the Dog, Fire of Moon.

[15v]

First. Wood star. Full. Eleventh. Sun-star. Full. Twenty-first. Water-star.

Udaribalguni. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Second. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Qasta. Ram-
Contact. North.
Third. Earth-star. Declining.
Jayitari. Dog-Accepting.
East.
Fourth. Sun-star. Full.
Suvadi. Pig-Becoming. East.
Fifth. Moon-star. Weak.
Sua(. Rat-Birth. West.
Sixth. Fire-star. Full. Anurad.
Ox-Growing old and dying.
South.
Abiji. Horse-Six senses.
West.
Twelfth. Moon-star. Weak.
irvan. Ram-Contact. East.
Thirteenth. Fire-star.
Disintegrating. Tanista.
Monkey-Sensation.
Fourteenth. Water-star. Full.
Sadabis. Cock-Desire. South.
Fifteenth. Wood star. Full.
Burvabadaribad. Dog-
Accepting. East.
Sixteenth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating.
Udaribadaribad. Pig-
Becoming. South.
Weak. Rokini. Dragon-
Consciousness. West.
Twenty-second. Wood star.
Full. Margiar. Snake-Name
and Form. East.
Twenty-third. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Ardar. Horse-
Six senses. South.
Twenty-fourth. Earth-star.
Declining. Burnavasu. Ram-
Contact. South
Twenty-fifth. Sun-star. Full.
Bus. Monkey-Sensation.
North.
Twenty-sixth. Moon-star.
Weak. Asli(. Cock-Desire.
East.

571
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Water-star. Weak. Seventeenth. Earth-star. Twenty-seventh. Fire-star.

ista. Tiger-Ignorance.
Southwest.
Eighth. Wood star. Full. Mul.
Hare-Activity. South.
Ninth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Burvasad.
Dragon-Consciousness.
North.
Tenth. Earth-star. Declining.
Udarisad. Snake-Name and
Form. North.
Declining. Rivadi. Rat-Birth.
West.
Eighteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Aivani. Ox-Growing old and
dying. Northeast.
Nineteenth. Moon-star.
Weak. Barani. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
Twentieth. Fire-star. Full.
Kerteg. Hare-Activity. East.
Full. Mig. Dog-Accepting.
West.
Twenty-eighth. Water-star.
Weak. Burvabalguni. Pig-
Becoming. East.
Twenty-ninth. Wood star.
Full. Udaribalguni. Rat-
Birth. East.
Thirtieth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Qasta. Ox-
Growing old and dying. East.

[16r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Aivani month, the middle month of autumn.

For the peasants it is the first month of winter. For the mathematicians of the Chinese it is the

final month of autumn. In Tibet it is the Dog month. In Mongolia it is the Ninth month.

Because it is the Dog month, its sign is that dogs are in heat and mate. In the sky the dawn

will appear by the Aivani lunar mansion. On the ground cinder grass will sparkle (o( neret

ebesn indarlamui). In the interval ducks and geese will return. It is the time when the cold

shadow falls and the grass withers. This is a meritorious good time in which, on the fifteenth,

Buddha descends from heaven. Because the sun has entered the house of Libra the Balance,

the drops in the world and so forth will be weighed by their scale.113 It is the time during

which day and night become equal. If rain does not fall on the fifteenth there will be no rain.

113
Perhaps this means that one's good and bad deeds will be measured.

572
TRANSLATION

Protection and Life is in the southeast. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the southwest. Yeke tngri is

in the east. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the west. itgen eke is in the Hare place. During the

Ninth month if one accomplishes small goals, smelts casts, makes an edged tool, upon the

performance of malicious rites, it is good. Tayisui is in the north. Janggn is in the west. On

the Tiger day, 'okimui. On the Snake day obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Rat

day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Sheep day, l sedk. On the Ox day, Ula(an aa(ai. On the

Dragon, Modun erlig. On the Ox, kln een. On the Tiger, 'aar-un (al. On the Cock,

Fire of Moon.

[16v]

First. Earth-star. Full. Eleventh. Fire-star. Weak. Twenty-first. Gold-star.

Jayitari. Tiger-Ignorance.
Yilig. East.
Second. Sun-star. Weak.
Suvadi. Hare-Activity. South.
Third. Moon-star. Declining.
Sua(. Dragon-
Consciousness. Southwest.
Fourth. Fire-star. Weak.
Anurad. Snake-Name and
form. South.
Fifth. Water-star. Declining.
ista. Horse-Six senses.
South.
Sixth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Mul. Ram-
Contact. South.
Tanista. Rat-Birth. East.
Twelfth. Water-star.
Declining. Sadabis. Ox-
Growing old and dying. East.
Thirteenth. Wood star.
Disintegrating.
Burvabadaribad. Tiger-
[Ignorance]. Northeast.
Fourteenth. Gold-star. Full.
Udaribadaribad. Hare-
Activity. South.
Fifteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Rivadi. Dragon-
Consciousness. Northwest.
Sixteenth. Sun-star. Weak.
Aivani. Snake-Name and
form. West.
Ardar. Dog-Accepting.
North.
Twenty-second. Earth-star.
Full. Burnavasu. Pig-
Becoming. Southwest.
Twenty-third. Sun-star.
Weak. Bus. Rat-Birth. North.
Twenty-fourth. Moon-star.
Declining. Ox-Growing old
and dying. North.
Twenty-fifth. Fire-star.
Weak. Mig. Tiger-Ignorance.
West.
Twenty-sixth. Water-star.
Declining. Burvabalguni.
Hare-Activity. South.

573
TRANSLATION

Seventh. Gold-star. Full. Seventeenth. Moon-star. Twenty-seventh. Wood star.

Burvasad. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Eighth. Earth-star. Full.
Udarisad. Cock-Desire.
West.
Ninth. Sun-star. Weak. Abiji.
Dog-Accepting. East.
Tenth. Moon-star. Declining.
irvan. Pig-Becoming.
Southeast.
Declining. Barani. Horse-Six
senses. East.
Eighteenth. Fire-star. Weak.
Kerteg. Ram-Contact. East.
Nineteenth. Water-star.
Declining. Rokini. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Twentieth. Wood star.
Disintegrating. Margiar.
Cock-Desire. South.
Disintegrating. Udaribalguni.
Dragon-Consciousness. East.
Twenty-eighth. Gold-star.
Full. Qasta. Snake-Name and
form. South.
Twenty-ninth. Earth-star.
Full. Jayitari. Horse-Six
senses. West.
Thirtieth. Sun-star. Weak.
Suvadi. Ram-Contact.
Southwest.

[17r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Kerteg month the final month of autumn. For

the peasants it is the middle month of winter. For the mathematicians of the Chinese it is the

first month of winter. In Tibet it is the Pig month. Because this is so, its sign is that pigs

mature and bring forth young. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Kerteg lunar mansion.

On the ground the pneuma of heat will leave and the pneuma of cold will enter. In the

interval, water birds will enter the sea and become covered with salt. It is the time for putting

all grain and tubers into baskets. Because the sun has entered the house of Scorpio, on the

earth it is time for killing living beings and committing sins. The day will be twenty-eight

qubi; the night, thirty-two qubi. It is the time of great cold. If snow does not fall on the first,

there will be an enemy. If rain does not fall on the fifth or on the twenty-sixth, the following

year rain will be scarce and there will be drought. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the east.

Qo(osun qumq-a is in the northwest. Yeke tngri is in the south. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the

574
TRANSLATION

north. itgen eke is in the Rat place. During the Tenth month, if one sells a horse with dark

spots on its neck and shoulders it will be good. Tayisui is in the east. Janggn is in the north.

On the Pig day, 'okimui. On the Tiger day obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Hare

day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Tiger day, l sedk. On the Snake day, Ula(an aa(ai. On

the Ox, Modun erlig. On the Dog, kln een. On the Ox, 'aar-un (al. On the Monkey,

Fire of Moon.

[17v]

First. Moon-star. Full. Eleventh. Wood star. Full. Twenty-first. Sun-star.

Anurad. Monkey-Feeling.
South.
Second. Fire-star. Declining.
ista. Cock-Desire. West.
Third. Water-star. Weak.
Mul. Dog-Accepting. South.
Fourth. Wood star. Full.
Burvasad. Pig-Becoming.
West.
Fifth. Gold-star. Weak.
Udarisad. Rat-Birth. East.
Sixth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Abiji. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
West.
Seventh. Sun-star. Declining.
irvan. Tiger-Ignorance.
Southeast.
Udaribadaribad. Horse-Six
senses. South.
Twelfth. Gold-star. Full.
Rivadi. Ram-Contact. West.
Thirteenth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Aivani.
Monkey-Sensation. East.
Fourteenth. Sun-star.
Declining. Barani. Cock-
Desire. North.
Fifteenth. Moon-star. Full.
Kerteg. Dog-Accepting.
North.
Sixteenth. Fire-star.
Declining. Rokini. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Seventeenth. Water-star. Full.
Margiar. Rat-Birth. South
Declining. Asli(. Dragon-
Consciousness. Northeast.
Twenty-second. Moon-star.
Full. Mig. Snake-Name and
form. North.
Twenty-third. Fire-star.
Declining. Burvabalguni.
Horse-Six senses. Northeast.
Twenty-fourth. Water-star.
Full. Udaribalguni. Ram-
Contact. North.
Twenty-fifth. Wood star.
Full. Qasta. Monkey-
Sensation. South.
Twenty-sixth. Gold-star.
Weak. Jayitari. Cock-Desire.
West.
Twenty-seventh. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Suvadi. Dog-
Accepting. East.

575
TRANSLATION

Eighth. Moon-star. Declining. Eighteenth. Wood star. Full. Twenty-eighth. Sun-star.

Tanista. Hare-Activity.
North.
Ninth. Fire-star. Declining.
Sadabis. Dragon-
Consciousness. South.
Tenth. Water-star. Full.
Burvabadaribad. Snake-
Name and form. South.
Ardar. Ox-Growing old and
dying. West.
Nineteenth. Gold-star.
Declining. Burnavasu. Tiger-
Ignorance. East.
Twentieth. Earth-star.
Disintegrating. Bus. Hare-
Activity. West.
Declining. Sua(. Pig-
Becoming. West.
Twenty-ninth. Moon-star.
Full. Anurad. Rat-Birth. East.
Thirtieth. Fire-star.
Declining. ista. Ox-Old age
and Death. West.

[18r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Margiar month, the first month of winter. For

the peasants it is the final month of winter. For the mathematicians of the Chinese it is the

middle month of winter. In Tibet it is the Rat month. In Mongolia it is the Eleventh month.

Because it is the Rat month, its sign it that the marmot and the mouse will not leave their

holes. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Margiar lunar mansion. On the ground the

antelope and wild horse mate. In the interval the falcon lays its eggs. Because the sun has

entered the house of Sagittarius the Bow, on the earth the bow becomes hard and powerful.

The day will be twenty-six qubi; the night, thirty-four qubi. All land and water life will reach

shelter. It is the time when the winter sun pauses. This will be signified when the moon on

the twenty-seventy aligns with Anurad. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the southwest. Qo(osun

qumq-a is in the northeast. Yeke tngri is in the west. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the east. itgen

eke is in the Tiger place. During the Eleventh month, if one gives out goods and livestock,

distributes an edict or does peaceful works, it is good. Tayisui is in the east. Janggn is in

the north. On the Monkey day, 'okimui. On the Pig day obalang-un tngri will roam about.

576
TRANSLATION
On the Horse day, Tngri-yin (al. On the Horse day, l sedk. On the Cock day, Ula(an
aa(ai. On the Dog, Modun erlig. On the Sheep, kln een. On the Rat, 'aar-un (al.
On the Sheep, Fire of Moon.
[18v]
First. Fire-star. Full. Mul.
Tiger-Ignorance. West.
Second. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Burvasad.
Hare-Activity. West.
Third. Wood star. Weak.
Udarisad. Dragon-
Consciousness. West.
Fourth. Gold-star. Declining.
Abiji. Snake-Name and form.
North.
Fifth. Earth-star. Full. irvan.
Horse-Six senses. South.
Sixth. Sun-star. Full. Tanista.
Ram-Contact. North.
Seventh. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Sadabis.
Monkey-Sensation.
Eighth. Fire-star.
Burvabadaribad. Cock-
Desire. East.
Ninth. Water-star.
Disintegrating.
Udaribadaribad. Dog-
Accepting. West.
Eleventh. Gold-star.
Declining. Aivani. Rat-Birth.
East.
Twelfth. Earth-star. Weak.
Barani. Ox-Growing old and
dying. North.
Thirteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Kerteg. Tiger-Ignorance.
South.
Fourteenth. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Rokini. Hare-
Activity. North.
Fifteenth. Fire-star. Full.
Margiar. Dragon-
Consciousness. East-West.
Sixteenth. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Ardar. Snake-
Name and form. East.
Seventeenth. Wood star. Full.
Burnavasu. Horse-Six senses.
West.
Eighteenth. Gold-star.
Declining. Bus. Ram-
Contact. West.
Nineteenth. Earth-star. Full.
Asli(. Monkey-Sensation.
East-West.
577
Twenty-first. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. Burvabalguni.
Dog-Accepting. South.
Twenty-second. Fire-star.
Full. Udaribalguni. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Twenty-third. Water-star.
Disintegrating. Qasta. Rat-
Birth. East.
Twenty-fourth. Wood star.
Jayitari. Ox-Growing old and
dying. East.
Twenty-fifth. Gold-star.
Declining. Suvadi. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
Twenty-sixth. Earth-star.
Full. Sua(. Hare-Activity.
West.
Twenty-seventh. Sun-star.
Full. Anurad. Dragon-
Consciousness. South.
Twenty-eighth. Moon-star.
Disintegrating. ista. Snake-
Name and form. North.
Twenty-ninth. Fire-star. Full.
Mul. Horse-Six senses.
South.
TRANSLATION

Tenth. Wood star. Weak. Twentieth. Sun-star. Full. Thirtieth. Water-star.

Rivadi. Pig-Becoming. East. Mig. Cock-Desire. North. Disintegrating. Burvasad.
Ram-Contact. East.

[19r]

According to the Klacakrists of India it is the Bus month, the middle month of winter. For

the peasants it is the first month of spring. For the mathematicians of China, it is the final

month of winter. For those of Tibet it is the Ox month. In Mongolia it is the last month of

the year. Because it is the Ox month, the body of the ox becomes hot, and it eats its fill of

grass. In the sky the dawn will appear by the Bus nakshatra. On the ground there will be

deep snow. In the interval the raven will fix its nest. The chicken and the dove will lay their

eggs. Because the sun has entered the house of Capricorn the Sea monster (Matar-un ger)

will rise to the top of the sea. The day will be twenty-four qubi; the night, thirty-six qubi. If

snow does not fall on the fourteenth, winter will become warm. When the moon on the

twenty-fifth aligns with Anurad, one will see the sign. Amin(-u) saki(ulsun is in the

southwest. Qo(osun qumq-a is in the southeast. Yeke tngri is in the north. Qo(osun qumq-a

is in the south. itgen eke is in the Monkey place. During the last month of the year, if one

performs rites of water, repairs a road, quarrels with others, performs bad deeds, or decides

a lawsuit, it is good. Tayisui is in the east. Senggn [=Janggn] is in the north. On the Snake

day, 'okimui. On the Monkey day obalang-un tngri will roam about. On the Cock day,

Tngri-yin (al. On the Dog day, l sedk. On the Ox day, Ula(an aa(ai. On the Sheep,

578
TRANSLATION
Modun erlig. On the Dragon, kln een. On the Pig, 'aar-un (al. On the Horse, Fire of
Moon.
[19v]
First. Wood star. Ascendent
and Full. Abiji. Monkey-
Sensation. North.
Second. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. irvan. Cock-
Desire. East.
Third. Earth-star. Declining.
Dog-Accepting. Tanista.
South.
Fourth. Sun-star. Full.
Sadabis. Pig-Becoming. East.
Fifth. Moon-star. Weak.
Burvabadaribad. Rat-Birth.
East.
Sixth. Fire-star. Full.
Udaribadaribad. Ox-
Growing old and dying.
South.
Seventh. Water-star. Weak.
Rivadi. Tiger-Ignorance.
Southwest.
Eighth. Wood star. Full.
Aivani. Hare-Activity.
South.
Ninth. Gold-first.
Disintegrating. Barani.
Dragon-Consciousness.
North.
Eleventh. Sun-star. Full.
Rokini. Horse-Six senses.
East.
Twelfth. Moon-star. Weak.
Margiar. Ram-Contact. Full. Suvadi. Snake-Name
East.
Thirteenth. Fire-star. Full.
Ardar. Monkey-Feeling.
West.
Fourteenth. Water-star.
Weak. Burnavasu. Cock-
Desire. East.
Fifteenth. Wood star. Full.
Bus. Dog-Accepting.
Southwest.
Sixteenth. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Asli(. Pig-
Becoming. South.
Seventeenth. Earth-star.
Declining. Mig. Rat-Birth.
West.
Eighteenth. Sun-star. Full.
Burvabalguni. Ox-Growing
old and dying. East.
Nineteenth. Moon-star.
Weak. Udaribalguni. Tiger-
Ignorance. West.
579
Twenty-first. Water-star.
Weak. Jayitari. Dragon-
Consciousness. West.
Twenty-second. Wood star.
and form. West.
Twenty-third. Gold-star.
Disintegrating. Sua(. Horse-
Six senses. South.
Twenty-fourth. Earth-star.
Declining. Anurad. Ram-
Contact. South.
Twenty-fifth. Sun-star. Full.
ista. Monkey-Sensation.
North.
Twenty-sixth. Moon-star.
Weak. Mul. Cock-Desire.
North.
Twenty-seventh. Fire-star.
Full. Burvasad. Dog-
Accepting. West.
Twenty-eighth. Water-star.
Weak. Udarisad. Pig-
Becoming. North.
Twenty-ninth. Wood star.
Full. Abiji. Rat-Birth. West.
TRANSLATION

Tenth. Earth-star. Declining. Twentieth. Fire-star. Full. Thirtieth. Gold-star.

Kerteg. Snake-Name and Qasta. Hare-Activity. North. Disintegrating irvan. Ox-
form. West. Growing old and dying. East.

[20r]

The symbol of the day in which happiness abides is the upward facing wish-fulfilling jewel.114

The symbol of the day of holy water (raiyan) is the jewel.115

The symbol of the glorious day is the pitcher.116

The symbol of the day when the eight classes congregate is the downward pointed lance.117

The symbol of the day when they return is the upward pointed lance.

The symbol of the day when the dragon kings118 congregate is the blue lake.

The symbol of the day when they return is the red sun.

The symbol of the day when the Lords of the Earth congregate is the red letter, "Sa".

The symbol of the day when they return is the black letter, "Sa".

The symbol of the day to die is the downward facing jewel.119

114
For the wishfulling jewel, Tib. yid bzhin nor bu; S. cintmani, cf. ODT 19.
115
The symbol of this day is later given as the upward facing jewel (44v). For the
jewel, Tib. nor zhags, cf. ODT 18.
116
For the pitcher, cf. ODT 18.
117
For the lance, Tib. mdung, cf. ODT 15.
118
The dragon kings (M. luus-un qad) are the minions of the King of the Dragons or
Ngas, Tib. kLu dban gi rgyal po; Skt. Nagesvara raja. Cf. Waddell 1978: 345, n. 1.
119
The symbol of this day is later given as the wish-fulfilling jewel that faces
downward (doro(i qandu(san jindamuni), 45r.

580
TRANSLATION

The symbol of the day of the imnus demons is the downward facing stupa.120

The symbol of the day when imnus demons are vanquished is the black sun.

The symbol of the day when Mahkla descends is the razor.121

The symbol of the day when the Girl God descends is the skull cup.122

The symbol of the day when the powerful ones (erketen) congregate is the upward facing

yellow moon.

The symbol of the day when they return is the downward facing yellow moon.

The symbol of the day when the eight classes congregate is the vajra.123

The symbol of the day when they return is the half-vajra.

The symbol of the day when the sages (ari) speak is the red letter, ")A".

The symbol of the sinful day is the black wishfulfilling jewel.

The symbol of the day when one should not inter a corpse is the two-colored cross.

The symbol of the ferocious day is the black letter, "tshe".

[20v]

120
In Buddhism the imnus demons are associated with The Evil One, The Tempter,
Tib. Bdud; S. Mra. Originally the term comes to the Mongols through Uigur mnu from
Sogdian (Chrisian) mn, meaning "demon, evil spirit" (Lessing 710, 1183). The stupa (M.
subur(an) is a burial mound or the image of a burial mound which symbolically preserves
the bodily charisma of Buddha Skyamuni.
121
For Mahkla, "The Great Black One," cf. ODT 38-67. For the razor, Tib. spu gri,
cf. ODT 15.
122
For the Girl God, given in the manual as Okin tngri for kin tngri, Tib. Lha-mo,
cf. Waddell 1978: 334. For the skull cup, Tib. thod pa; Skt. kapla, cf. ODT 18.
123
The vajra is a guru's weapon, symbolic of the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter). Cf.
Waddell 1978: 27.

581
TRANSLATION

The symbol of the day when the ingpng run is the black letter, "Zi".

The symbol of the day when the ?bati bata run is the multi-colored eye.

The symbol of the day when baling do(in runs is one red drop (dusul).

The symbol of the small black day is one black drop.

The symbol of the impoverishing day is the red triangle.

The symbol of the great black day is the black triangle.

The symbol of the day for burning is the black cross.

The symbol of the empty day is three black drops.124

The symbol of the day when the beggar returns empty-handed is the parti-colored drop.

The symbol of the day when the gods and demons battle is the parti-colored mat.

The symbol of the day when the dog of heaven (tngri-yin noqai) looks for food is the

downward facing black moon.

The symbol of the day when the ginggang look for food is the black letter, "king".

The symbol of the day of annihilation is the sickle.125

The symbol of the day when the dogs of the earth look for food is the three-eyed square.

The symbol of the day to burn is the black cross. This is an extra symbol.

124
That which is symbolized by three black dots is variously known as The empty
day and The good and bad distinctions that are seen when joining the years with the
nakshatra (na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek belge)
46v.
125
This day is also known as the day of annihilation when the Lords of the earth run
holding a black sickle (ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr). Here its
symbol is a black sickle (qara qada(ur), 43v. For the sickle, cf. ODT 16.

582
TRANSLATION

[21r]

Here is the Table in which, by conjunction of the twenty-eight lunar mansions with the seven

planet stars, the good and bad auspices of their meeting will be seen.

Kerteg fire Sun fire

Rokini earth Moon water

Margiar air Fire fire

Ardar earth Water water

Burnavasu air Wood air

Bus fire Gold earth

Asli( water Earth earth

Mig fire Sun fire

Burvabalguni fire Moon water

Udaribalguni air Fire fire

Qasta air Water water

Jayitari air Wood air

Suvadi air Gold earth

Sua( fire Earth earth

Anurad earth Sun fire

ista earth Moon water

Mul water Fire fire

Burvasad water Water water

583
TRANSLATION

Udarisad earth Wood air

Abiji earth Gold earth

irvan water Earth earth

Tanista water Sun fire

Sadabis water Moon water

Burvabadaribad fire Fire fire

[21v]

Udaribadaribad water Water water

Rivadi water Wood air

Aivani air Gold earth

Barani fire Earth earth

The Sun is known as the graha of the gods. Its essence is fire. During the time when

the Sun Star is in the ascendant (kn tegs), if one ascends to a throne, builds a temple or

hermitage, builds a home for a son, gives away a daughter [to be married], offers sacrifice to

a burqan, if a son is born, if one consecrates an image (rabnas oroi(ulbasu), inscribes the

Sutras, goes for a visit, crushes an enemy, receives consecration, gathers medicines, trades an

animal, sows seed, offers the fire sacrifice, herds animals, performs meritorious deeds, breaks

a horse, washes the body, fixes a palace (ordu qarsi asabasu),126 or gives a blessing, it is

126
This probably refers specifically to an icon-case, a receptacle for a burqan. See
RRS 167.

584
TRANSLATION

good. If one digs a grave, makes a loan (ri gbes), wears a new robe or performs

meritorious deeds for the dead,127 good fortune will be destroyed. It is bad. If one sets out on

a campaign, depart at the time when the sun rises. If one wears the commander of the army's

red robe,128 rides a chestnut horse, holds a red standard, adorns oneself with red ornaments,

offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, writes down the name of the commander of the

enemy army and fills the horn of a goat with it, then, when the enemy comes against one,

proceeding in accordance with the rules of the Emperor, the Grand Master, and the dignitaries,

shouting seven times, and having sprinkled water, when one engages in battle, one will [22r]

crush the enemy immediately.

As for the Moon, because it is the graha of the nether dragon kings, its essence is

water. During the time when the Moon Star is in the ascendant, if one sows a crop, offers the

fire sacrifice, washes the body, gives a meritorious ransom, beckons fortune (dalal(-a

dalalbasu), if a son is born, or if one disposes of a thread cross (dungli), it is good. If one

does Business, or sets out on a journey (mr (arbasu),129 it is bad. If one performs the

ceremony (oga) of the dragon kings,130 collects medicines, enters or builds a new building,

127
This refers to the buyani, the one assigned to care for the corpse when someone
dies (RRS 603).
128
The commander of the army, erig-n noyan, is a Buddhist term, one of the Seven
Jewels, T. dmag-dpon (RRS 141).
129
The auspice here is very broad. It seems to cover not only journeys which involve
travelling, but ventures of any kind.
130
For the ceremony of the dragon kings see Pozdneyev (RRS 521). It is performed
on a day in the three summer or three fall months.

585
TRANSLATION

builds a new door, takes a bride into one's household, plants a tree, digs a canal, goes to the

enemies of ones adversaries, or pacifies an enemy, it is good. If one sets out on a campaign,

if one who is born in the Hare, Sheep, or Pig years rides a black horse, holds a black standard,

adorns oneself with black ornaments, writes down the name of the commander of the enemy

army, and, having set it on fire, extinguishes it with nine handfuls of dirt and nine cups of

water, and then if one offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector and leads in a westerly

direction, one will crush the enemy. When the enemy comes against one, if five men adorn

themselves with the ornaments of the sovereign, and one cuts away pieces of meat and scatters

them [as an offering], then when one engages in battle, one will crush the enemy. If an animal

is missing, a group of nine people, one with a patched robe and a blue face, another with a

pockmarked face, took it away to the north or south. They hid it with a woman who has a

black dog with a white stripe and who is said to be either of upper or lower class, or at a

spring [marked] with white stones, or on the other side of trees. It will be found on the first

or else on the fifth day. A widowed [22v] Lady will point it out.

As for Mars, because it is the planet of the titans (asuri), it has the essence of fire.

It is known as the fearsome planet. During the time it is in the ascendant, if one seeks the

realm of a buddha, brings a bride into one's household, performs meritorious deeds for the

dead, replies with a curse, opens a treasury, assembles for the sake of being sociable, assumes

a debt, installs the commander of the army, builds a city, an assembly is convened for a

586
TRANSLATION

decree, goes for a visit, trades an animal, mends a building, repairs a fortress,131 or drives

animals in a hunt, it is good. Whoever sets off first for the battlefield will crush the enemy.

If a son is born it will be difficult to feed him. If one attacks with cavalry, if someone dies,

if one tailors a robe (debel ed'kebes),132 cauterizes a wound or applies a poultice it is bad.

It is known as the planet of the army commander who violated his oath. If a possession or

animal is missing, nine people stole it. They hid it at the home of the ninth. A man who

continually follows a hawk, a blacksmith, a novice or a Bon priest, this kind of person, will

tell the news. They came from the west and brought it to a house which faces west. If one

meets with a bad commoner he will certainly find it. Certainly, there will be someone with

a chestnut horse and an offertory (cim) red robe at the gate, or the ground will be red.

As for Mercury, because it is the planet of the ruler of the ykshas (yaa(-a), its

essence is water. During the time when the Water Star is in the ascendant, if one teaches

writing and arithmetic, fulfills one's own benefit (ber-n tusa btgebes), makes a familial

or personal alliance, gives a daughter for a bride, offers sacrifice to whichever burqan, holds

a feast, rests from battle, [23r] performs rites for a meritorious assembly, trains a colt, takes

out human bones, gives away an animal, enters a new building, and looks after a lady, all are

131
"Repair a fortress" is a broad translation of qota asabasu. The idea of protection,
a protective barrier, as in a citadel or more likely a city wall seems to be meant here.
132
G. Kara shows that edke- is written in the pre-classical calendar fragments from
Turfan for classical eske-. Thus, he translates, "if one cuts out the material for a cloak"
(1979: TIII 230). The same form is found throughout the Turfan calendar fragments. See
also Haenisch, H. Franke, and Cerensodnom. As Mostaert notes, the form is sometimes
written in the manual as edeke- (MMAD 20, n. 57).

587
TRANSLATION

good. If a son is born or if one ferments wine, it is bad. A daughter will be distinctive. If one

sets out on a campaign, depart at noon. If one adorns oneself with a black robe, a black

cuirass, and black weapons, rides a black horse, holds a black standard, draws the name of the

commander of the enemy, fills the head of a pig with it, and presses it into the water, and then

leads one's soldiers in a westerly direction, one will crush the enemy. As the enemy

approaches, if one meets them adorned with yellow things, holding a yellow standard, and

riding a fallow horse (kl morin), one will crush the enemy. If an animal or possession is

missing, two people stole it. They took it in an easterly direction. There is a woman included

among the thieves. The hid it at the house of the second thief or at the edge of water. It will

be found on the seventh or else the ninth day, or, if it is not found then, it will never be found.

As for Jupiter, because it is the planet of the soft kalpavr}ksa tree (galbaranjan

modun), it has the essence of wood. During the time when the Wood star is in the ascendant,

it is good for any kind of motive or stative deed, whether one builds a throne, performs rites

for protection, performs meritorious deeds, offers sacrifice to burqan, preaches the dharma,

draws a mandala, divines a place to build a temple or monastery, pacifies the idker demons,

washes the body, [23v] determines punishment for a crime, offers a dorma, offers the fire

sacrifice, performs rites for crushing the enemy, makes a reliquary (sirad kibes), erects a

stupa, repulses a lance, repulses other things, teaches knowledge (uqa(an sur(abasu),

excavates rocky ground, amasses possessions, looks for what is missing, or if a son is born.

If one sets off on a campaign, depart early the next day. If one adorns oneself in blue clothes,

rides a blue horse, holds a blue standard, offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, writes

588
TRANSLATION

down the name of the commander of the enemy army, presses it down under nine heaps of

earth at a spot seven paces away, and then leads in a southerly direction, one will crush the

enemy. As the enemy approaches, if one adorns oneself with white clothes and ornaments,

holds a white standard, shouts, and then leads five people who have a breast plate, one will

crush the enemy. If a possession is missing, the son of a single man stole it. He hid it with

a lame crippled man, a man with a blue face, or under a tree which is to the north of the gate

of a house. It will be found by a novice who takes it.

As for Venus, because it is the planet of the blessed jewel king (kesig erdeni qa(an),

it has the essence of metal. It is also said to have the essence of air. If one repairs a fortress,

if a son-in-law kneels down, if one attacks with cavalry, or if one ferments wine, it is bad. If

one performs meritorious deeds, teaches writing, arithmetic, or science, brings a bride into

one's household, moves a house, tailors a robe, or holds a feast, it is good. If a son is born,

[24r] he will be intelligent and wise. If one gives away a daughter her life will be short. It

will be very good for entering the ranks of all the saints. If one sets out on a campaign, depart

before midnight. If those born in the Monkey or Cock years adorn themselves in their white

things, if one offers one's own small pure boy as sacrifice to one's spirit protector, writes the

name of the commander of the enemy army on a woodblock, places it on the path one will

proceed, and steps on it seven times with the left foot, one will crush the enemy. As the

enemy approaches, if one man ties his hair on the crown of his head, rides a qainug, sprinkles

a ?boskil, and leads [one's soldiers], one will crush the enemy. If a possession or animal is

missing, a yellow smallish people stole it. Five people, including one novice among them,

589
TRANSLATION

stole it. They hid it at a river which [flows] to the northwest, on land with yellow soil. It is

near the steppe. Search in the near vicinity. It will be found. On the third day it will come

from the place where the lame and crippled stay (do(olang erimdeg a(sad (aar).

As for Saturn, because it is the planet of the lords of all the middle lands, it has the

essence of very powerful earth. During the time when Saturn is in the ascendant, if one erects

a temple or hermitage, performs acts [for the sake of] the dharma and merit, does business,

beckons fortune, trades a good or animal, consecrates an image, builds a new building, offers

sacrifice to a burqan, repairs a fortress, gives a blessing, tailors a robe, restores a Buddha-

image, or plants a crop to shape new ground, [24v] all are good. If one trades a servant, takes

out the bones of someone with four progeny, sets out on a campaign, or holds a feast for a son,

it is good. If one gives away possessions, livestock or animals, or sets out on a journey, it is

bad. When setting out on a campaign, if one adorns oneself with one's yellow things, rides

a fallow horse, holds a yellow standard, makes sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, writes

down the name of the commander of the enemy army, sets it adrift in water, and leads one's

soldiers to the northeast, one will crush the enemy. As the enemy approaches, if a man with

a blue face wraps his forehead with black silk, rides a black horse, and signals with his

wooden branch when he goes into battle, he will crush the enemy. If a possession or livestock

is missing, either two or four people, or, included among them, one of either a demoted novice

or a Bon priest, stole it. If not, the son of one who died from poison stole it. They hid it at

an empty river, at an empty city or under a black tree. Look in a westerly direction. If a noble

from a town which faces east points it out, the kind of person who rides a fallow horse and

590
TRANSLATION

has a spotted dog stole it. It will not be found. If that planet is ascendant, [the auspice] is

good. If it is weak, fair. If it is either disintegrating or declining one should not do anything.

In this way one should purify in truth and rectify these seven stars which have been

misunderstood for so long. Also there are the affairs of the twenty-eight lunar mansions, as

well.

[25r] In the Kerteg nakshatra if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, beckons fortune,

gives alms, erects a temple, hermitage or stupa, performs the rites of the fearsome ones

(do(sid), teaches knowledge, preaches the dharma, repairs a new building or fortress,

acquires debt, receives alms from another (busud-aa (uyil'(-a abubasu), or pacifies the

demons of ones beloved (engkri), [it is good]. If a son is born there will be six of them; it

is good. If one tailors a robe,133 it will burn in a fire. If a daughter is born, relatives by

marriage will be scarce. If someone dies, six people will die. The fortune of one's livestock

will be poor. If one sets out on a journey, releases a stallion, bull camel or bull (ajar(-a

buura buq-a talbibasu),134 takes a widow, gives away a daughter, takes a bride, trades a horse,

does business, or goes for a distant visit, it is bad. If there is an earthquake, there will be a

drought. If a possession or animal is missing, six people coming from the southeast stole it.

A widow will file suit and point it out. This is the nakshatra known as the city on the verge

133
Here the classical eske- is written instead of edke-.
134
According to a native informant, Ts. Baatar, when the breeding males are selected
from a herd there is a special rite performed over them. Likely it is not only the selection of
the animals but the rite, itself, referred to here.

591
TRANSLATION

of entering a nine-eyed iron net, the majestic one. The appearance of its six stars is like a

razor for shaving hair.

In Rokini nakshatra if one acquires a new robe, beckons fortune, puts a stallion, bull

camel, or bull out to pasture, acquires anything, or trades a bay blaze horse it is beneficial.

If one sets out on a campaign, replies with a curse, offers sacrifice to a burqan, trades a slave,

or tailors a robe,135 it is good. If a son is born he will be splendid [25v] and love knowledge

and matters of the sacred doctrine. As one wise in his deeds, hungry by nature, and a clever

hero, having crushed the enemy, he will be perfectly fortunate, overcoming any obstacle. If

a daughter is born, wealth and livestock will increase, if one builds a treasury, recites a

dhrani, takes out the bones of a human being, performs meritorious deeds for the dead, sets

out on a journey, or goes for a visit, it will be without benefit. If one goes to pillage, brings

a bride into one's household, or assembles a congregation, quarrels and harm will come of it.

If there is an earthquake or if the moon eclipses the sun, there will be a great disaster. If a

possession or an animal is missing, someone from the east stole it. [The person] will sell it

to a widow. Two brothers will happen upon it and point it out. This is the nakshatra of the

spirit of the Rakshasa. The appearance of its five stars is like the wheel of a cart.

As for Margiar, it is an extremely great nakshatra. Thus, if one recites the Heart

dhrani,136 bring's a bride into one's household, enters a new building, decides a lawsuit,

beckons the fortune of heaven, offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, makes a personal

135
Here the verbal stem is once again edeke-.
136
For the Heart Stra and its use in exorcizing demons, cf. Lopez (1997: 511-526).

592
TRANSLATION

or marriage alliance, recites the sacred doctrine, digs a canal, goes for a visit, pounds a city

wall (bal(asun deledbes),137 repairs a building, tailors a robe, recites a sacred spell (arvis

tarni uribasu), trades a slave, confesses one's sin, gives a name for a name (nere-dr ner-e

ggbes),138 if one ascends to the throne, trades livestock, or if one sets out on a journey, it

is good. If a son is born, he will become a splendid hero, perfectly happy. [26r] If a daughter

is born, she will be wonderfully intelligent and loving. If someone dies, two [more] people

will die. The Lord of the dead and ada demons will rage. It will be bad for the nobility. Do

not give a commemoration for the dead (kgsed-dr tlisi). Do not give livestock. It is bad.

If there is an earthquake, rain will fall. If a possession or animal is missing, someone cut off

from his relatives stole it. From the north, either a novice or a Bon-po will point it out. This

is the nakshatra in which gods, humans and demons, all three, are gathered. The appearance

of its three stars is like the head of an antelope.

In Ardar nakshatra if one evokes a burqan (burqan btegebes), performs rites,

teaches letters, arithmetic or medicine, sows seed, crushes idkd (demons), selects a stallion,

bull camel, or bull, performs meritorious works, offers sacrifice to a burqan or builds a

building, it is good. If one trades gold or silver, brings a bride into one's household, or sets

off on a campaign, it is bad. If a son is born he will be very fortunate. Having been foolish,

he will become rich. If one sets out on a journey, tailors a robe, if someone dies, or if there

is an earthquake, it is bad. If a possession or animal is missing, either nine or six people, led

137
The reference here is to pounding the wall of a city out of earth.
138
Perhaps this means to give a nickname or a secret name.

593
TRANSLATION

by two brothers from the southeast, stole it. Two Bon-po brothers will point it out. This is

the nakshatra which was calculated in the astrology of Vihara (?Biqar qangin-u iruqai).139

The appearance of its nine stars is like a saw.

As for Burnavasu nakshatra, it is known as the nakshatra in which one is cut off

from one's relatives. Thus, if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, erects a stupa, trades a slave,

[26v] performs rites for crushing an enemy, tailors a robe, or makes two acts out of one, it will

be distinctive. If one acquires livestock, sows seed, beckons fortune, or sets out on a journey,

it is good. If a son is born he will be very fortunate, possess little wisdom, and his wealth and

animals will be abundant. If a daughter is born, the dragon kings, who effect the senses, will

possess her. Even smaller demons from the black kettle will possess her. If one washes one's

body it is good. If one gives away a daughter, sets off on a campaign, brings a bride into one's

household, or enters a new building, it is bad. If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for the

crops. If a possession or animal is missing, five people from the south stole it. It will be

found on the sixth day. This is the nakshatra in which the traveller sets out on a journey. The

appearance of its three stars is like the legs of a tripod.

As for Bus nakshatra, it is a perfectly auspicious nakshatra. Thus, if one takes

medicine, inscribes the sacred doctrine, offers sacrifice to the clergy, builds a building for a

reliquary (sirid-n ger baribasu), receives initiation or guidance (abasig kiged uduri(ulsun

abubasu), gives a name, meditates on a Buddha, sets off on campaign, sets off on a journey,

139
Transcription and translation are uncertain. Mostaert notes that biqar qangin is
perhaps for biqar keyid; biqar < Skt. vihara "temple, monastery" (MMAD 12, n. 22).

594
TRANSLATION

does business, performs rites of protection, performs rites for the assembly of various

buddhas, gives a ransom figure, replies with a curse, drives animals in the hunt, builds a

building, corrals animals, brings a bride into one's household, makes a marriage or personal

alliance, or tailors a robe, it is good. If a son is born he will become equal to a Wheel-turning

king (Jagarvadi qa(an). If one gives an animal or gives fuel for a lawsuit or a dead person,

it is bad. [27r] If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for human beings. If an animal is

missing, seven people from the east stole it. It will be found on the seventh day. This is the

nakshatra of the orphan boy who seizes all of the great middle lands. The appearance of its

three stars is like a scissors.

In Asli( nakshatra if one exorcizes eliy-e (demons), prays a prayer, gives a loan, goes

for a visit, acquires sheep, takes out the bones of someone with no descendants, or inscribes

the name of an enemy, it is good. If one crushes the eliy-e (demons) of the small ones, gives

a son's inheritance, brings a bride into one's household, offers sacrifice to a burqan, sets out

on a journey, then when one burns the bones of a human being who has died, do not go to an

elderly man or woman. It is bad. If a son is born he will have great fortune. If one becomes

a lama, having lost his moral command, disagreed with his companions and fought with them,

he will long for the words of the disciples. There will be no merit for him in the works of

these two fates. If there is an earthquake, or if there is an eclipse (nara sara kbes),140 in

that nation there will be danger of bitter suffering. If a possession or animal is missing, from

the east, four people of a different clan stole it. It will be found on the eighth day. This is the

140
Literally, if the sun or moon die.

595
TRANSLATION

nakshatra in which the three thieves deliberate. The appearance of its six stars is like the head

of a snake. The astrology of the seven wood nakshatra of the eastern direction is finished.

As for the Mig nakshatra it is like an ax. If one meets the enemy, crushes idkd

(demons), [27v] repulses an enemy's curse, takes an enemy's wealth and livestock,141 offers

sacrifice to the powerful ones (erketen-i takibasu), recites the sacred doctrine, gives a

benediction (irger), or examines a horse, it is good. If a son is born having become learned

in elocution, he will be a scholar, perfectly happy. If one sets out on a journey, gives a loan,

brings a bride into one's household, convenes an assembly, or plants a crop, it is bad. If one

tailors a robe, one will wear it on the day one dies. It is bad. If there is an earthquake, a noble

of the nation will die. This is the nakshatra in which one is entangled in the devil's net (albin

salm-a). The appearance of its six stars is like a snout.

As for the Burvabalguni nakshatra, it is known as the nakshatra which is like the

throat of the rakshasa (ra(is). Thus, if one acquires wealth or animals, recites the dh~ran}

of life (nasun[-u tarni] uribasu), offers sacrifice to a burqan, gathers medicines, disposes of

a dorma, or draws the name of an enemy,142 it is good. If one tailors a robe, sets out on a

journey, brings a bride into one's household, or sees someone off, one will enter the throat of

the simnus demons. It is bad. If a son is born, he will have a very stingy nature; his life will

be short. If there is an earthquake, a great wind will stir. If a possession or animal is missing,

141
The form dayisun-i ed mal abubasu is written, with the accusative -i instead of the
genitive -u.
142
Again the form dayisun-i with the accusative case marker is written for the genitive
case ending.

596
TRANSLATION

nine people stole it. A bad [person] who is like a fox will look for it and carry it off. If

someone who is like a tiger looks for it, it will be found. It is known as the predator's spirit

nakshatra. It is called the howling red jackal. The appearance of its two stars is like a rat.

As for Udaribalguni nakshatra, it is known as the nakshatra of the tngri (gods).

Thus, if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, beckons fortune, [28r] brings a bride into one's

house, performs rites for protection, presents an offering or consecration, performs rites of

killing or slaughter, repairs a house, building or fortress, goes for a visit, makes a marriage

or personal alliance, assumes a debt, or performs the rite of the fearsome ones, it is good for

all of these. If one administers medicine it will not be beneficial. If one gives livestock or

tailors a robe, it is bad. If a son is born fully will he keep his vows, and he will be born into

a high birth. If there is an earthquake one will not be able to walk (alaqu). If a possession

or animal is missing, it will be nearby. This is known as the nakshatra in which the good

fortune of a feast is disrupted. The appearance of its two stars is like a sword.

As for Qasta nakshatra it is known as the nakshatra of that which goes fast. Thus,

if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, beckons fortune, makes a marriage or personal alliance,

trains a horse, sets out on a journey, performs a rite for longevity (nasun btgebes), meets

the enemy, pacifies obstacles (qarsi-yi nomo(udqabasu), feeds a beloved son, does business,

selects a bull, or tailors a robe, it is good. If one brings a bride into one's household, erects

a house, or reveals a prophecy, it is bad. If a possession or animal is missing, a shrewd slave,

having bad intentions, took it out and gave it to someone. If a son is born he will be spoiled;

if a daughter is born she will be a thief or have a great many means and tricks. If there is an

597
TRANSLATION

earthquake it will be bad for human beings. This is called the nakshatra in which Erlig's

wolves run. The appearance of its five stars is like a hand.

In Jayitari nakshatra if one conjures a simnus (demon), recites the dh~ran} of life,

beckons fortune, pacifies the powerful ones, [28v] cuts out the material for a house, performs

rites of protection for someone who is ill, holds a feast, crushes the eliy-e of the little ones,

tailors a robe, or gathers medicines, it is good. If one gives away a daughter, brings a bride

into one's household, offers sacrifice to a burqan, trains an ox, takes out the bones of one who

has died, gives a commemoration, or trades a slave, it is bad. If a son is born he will love to

amuse himself with exorbitant lascivious folly. If there is an earthquake it will be bad for

artisans. If a possession or animal is missing three people from the east stole it. It will not

be found. If someone dies it will set the erlig demons in motion.143 The appearance of its one

star is like a saber.

As for Suvadi nakshatra, it is the nakshatra which turns one person into one hundred.

Thus, if one offers sacrifice to one's own spirit protector, beckons fortune, plants a crop, offers

sacrifice to a burqan, summons the nine creator gods (egdgsen isn tngri-i uribasu),

acquires anything, practices flagellation (sarid [=arid] deledbes), receives an initiation,

enters a new house, inscribes a document, beats the cymbals and drum, plays the sitar (sidar

tatabasu), wears a new robe, or collects medicines, it is good. If one holds a feast, takes a

wife, if someone dies, or if someone sets out on a journey, it is bad. If a son is born, having

had many enemies, he will contract an illness. If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for

143
I.e., taking the lives of others. I follow Mostaert's translation (MMAD 14).

598
TRANSLATION

goldsmiths. Those who are not high-minded will die. If a possession or animal is missing an

orphan stole it. It will be found immediately. This is known as the nakshatra in which the

rakshasa were flayed in the land of the gods. The appearance of its four stars is like a

cintmani.

[29r] As for Sua( nakshatra it is the nakshatra of the foreign Chinese. Thus if one

trains a horse with dark spots on the neck and shoulders, crushes eliy-e (demons), gives a loan,

tailors a robe, takes a bride, welcomes [her], beckons fortune, goes for a visit, makes a

marriage or personal alliance, gives a blessing, repairs a fortress, plants a crop, or sets out on

a journey, it is good. If one exports livestock, or gives a commemoration for a dead person,

it is bad. If a son is born he will crush the enemy. His character, having become wise to extol

people, will be solid. When he dies he will find a high birth. If there is an earthquake grain

will be abundant. If a possession or animal is missing it will not be found. This is known as

the nakshatra by which ada and todqor (demons) congregate. The appearance of its four stars

is like a mountain. The seven fire nakshatra of the south are finished.

In the Anurad nakshatra, if one sets out on a journey, travels, sows seed, performs

the rites of the fearsome ones, receives [the rite for] inviting prosperity (dalal(-a abubasu),

performs rites of protection, meets an enemy, offers sacrifice to a burqan, respects a visitor,

tailors a robe, or performs rites to crush the enemy, it is good. If one gives a commemoration

for the dead, gives a daughter, takes a bride, holds a feast, or sets off on a campaign, it is bad.

If a son is born, he will fully keep his vows and be perfectly happy in the dharma. If there is

an earthquake, it is good. If a possession or animal is missing, seven people from the north

599
TRANSLATION

stole it. [29v] On the seventh day it will be found. This is known as the nakshatra in which

a widowed woman seizes all the lands. The appearance of its six stars is like the head of an

elephant.

As for the ista nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of the simnus. Thus, if one does battle

with an enemy, recites the dh~ran} of life, gives a blessing, sows seed, assumes a debt, sets

off on a campaign, or decides a lawsuit, it is good. If one offers sacrifice to a burqan, meets

the enemy, gives or takes an animal or a daughter, performs meritorious rites for the dead,

abandons a torma, sets off on a journey, tailors a robe, or if someone dies, it is bad. If a son

is born, his life will be short. If he becomes a lama, he will be one who violates his vows and

lacks the character to show mercy. If there is an earthquake a mountain will be destroyed.

If a possession or animal is missing, a person with a moxa poultice on the nape of his neck

stole it. He came from the north and took it away. On the seventh day it will be found. This

is known as the nakshatra in which the minds of the fearsome ones (do(id) are satisfied.

The appearance of its three stars is like the antelope king.

As for Mul nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of the albin (demons). Thus it is good for

rites either of the living or of the dead. If one offers sacrifice to a burqan, gives a meritorious

ransom figure, beckons fortune, sells livestock, sows seed, behaves amicably (eyetldbes),

brings a bride into one's household, does business, builds a house, sets out on a journey, goes

to pillage, or goes for a visit, it is good. If one tailors a robe, gives a loan, or acquires a new

house, it is bad. If a son is born, his father will die. [30r] After he has grown up he will not

reside on his own land. If there is an earthquake, water will dry up. It will be bad for

600
TRANSLATION

everything else. If a possession or animal is missing, two brothers from the north stole it. A

solitary lama will point it out. This is known as the nakshatra in which one wears a breast

plate. The appearance of its three stars is like the hair of the head of the antelope king.

As for Burvasad nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of the powerful ones. If one offers

sacrifice to others [besides them], recites the dh~ran} of life, respects the saints (degeds-yi

kndlebes), acquires wealth or livestock, practices flagellation, erects a stupa, beckons

fortune, seeks a source (ekin), if one treats the dragon kings and the lords of the land (luus-un

qad (ajar-un eid-i asabasu), if one thrashes the nine kinds of grain (isn il tariyan-i

anibasu), gives a daughter, takes a bride, erects a building for a treasury, gives a name, or

plants a crop, [it is good]. It is good for the acts of one's elders. If one gives a branded

animal, sets out on a journey, tailors a robe, or if someone dies it is bad. If a son is born,

having become rich, he will be an alms-giver and love the sacred doctrine. When he dies he

will find a high birth. If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for infant sons and tea

merchants. The appearance of its four stars is like a tail.

In Udarisad nakshatra if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, gathers medicines, brings

a bride into one's household, assumes a debt, recites a dh~ran}, beckons fortune, takes the vow

of fasting, plants a crop, tailors a robe, sets out on a journey, or trades a slave, it is good. If

one gives seed or grain, takes out bones, or gives a commemoration, it is bad. If a son is born,

having become rich, he will be very wise and help living beings. [30v] If there is an

earthquake, [living beings] will be completely fortunate and happy. This is the nakshatra for

601
TRANSLATION

becoming a jewel of the ministers of state.144 The appearance of its five stars is like an

elephant.

As for Abiji nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of the gods. Thus, if one brings a bride into

one's household, builds or repairs a house, crushes the eliy-e [demons] of the little ones, sows

a crop, tailors a robe, makes a marriage or personal alliance, gives away a daughter, or sets

out on a journey, it is good. If one makes an implement (kereg asal), or gives a

commemoration for the dead, it is bad for the Bon priests. If one takes out the bones of a

human being or makes a cruel reply, it is bad. If a son is born, he will be fully meritorious.

If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for a great many commoners and lamas. If a

possession or animal is missing, someone came from the north along the edge of the water and

stole it. If one looks for it immediately, it will be found. This is the nakshatra of death. The

appearance of its four stars is like the jewel horse.

As for irvan nakshatra, it is the nakshatra of villages and crossroads. Thus, if one

causes others to gather, builds on the land ((aar baribasu),145 travels, attacks with cavalry,

brings a bride into one's household, performs the ceremony for the gods, crushes the eliy-e of

the little ones, meets an enemy, performs meritorious rites for the dead, or gathers the straw

of grain, it is good. If one sets out on a journey, tailors a robe, builds a house, or performs

rites of the fearsome ones, it is bad. If a son is born, he will disagree with his wife and be

144
The insignia of a minister is one of the seven jewels. See dolo(an erdeni in
Lessing, p. 1168, under erdeni.
145
The translation "to build on the land" assumes an implicit dative-locative ending.

602
TRANSLATION

suffocated to death. As for the protection of a son, if the boy adorns his whole body with

wooden ornaments and sets out for the southeast, it is good. If there is an earthquake, it will

be bad for those who know the religious texts. [31r] If a possession or animal is missing, four

people came from the south and stole it. It will be found on the seventh day. The appearance

of the three stars is like the head of an elephant. The mathematics of the seven gold stars of

the west is finished.

In the Tanista nakshatra if one sets out on a journey, offers sacrifice to a burqan,

beckons the majesty of animals, goes far or near, teaches wisdom, assumes a debt, or trades

a horse [it is good]. It is good for whatever deeds on behalf of the living. If one performs a

meritorious rite for a dead person, tailors a robe, brings a bride into one's household, gives a

horse to a cripple, or exports the nine kinds of grain, it is bad. If a son is born, his fate is to

be stupid and die in the water. If there is an earthquake, it is bad for animals. If a possession

or animal is missing, someone from the south took it. The appearance of the four stars is like

a vajra.

In the Sadabis nakshatra if one looks for any kind of profit, trades a horse from the

home of an elderly person or one who has died, beckons fortune, trains a horse, brings

someone under ones own power (kmn-i erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu),146 looks for a marriage

or personal alliance, performs rites of meditation, enjoys oneself with amusements, meditates

upon one's own body for protection, or gives away a daughter, it is good. If one exports

branded livestock to a crippled old man or old woman, a novice or a bon priest, tailors a robe,

146
This refers to magically entering someone's body. See BTD, 4244, p. 297.

603
TRANSLATION

or wears it, [the auspice] is bad. If a son is born, he will be possessive and small-minded,

without great wisdom or passion. If there is an earthquake, it will be bad for those animals

which are giving birth. The appearance of the two stars is like the everlasting flower (rglji

seig).

In Burvabadaribad nakshatra if one brings a bride into one's household, acquires

wealth or livestock, if one goes soldiering or pillaging (erig degerm-e odbasu), if one

performs rites to crush the enemy, gives a blessing, begins any kind of deed, does business,

makes a marriage or personal alliance, performs rites for the washing ceremony, builds up the

frontier, looks for profit, [31v] performs any kind of offering for a burqan, holds a feast, sets

out on a journey, or builds a house, it is good. If one tailors a robe, gives livestock, beckons

fortune, or attacks with cavalry, it is bad. If someone is born [he] will be very wise. If there

is an earthquake, water will become abundant and living beings will die in the water. If a

possession or animal is missing, the thieve's ai147 will point it out. The appearance of the two

stars which appear in the north is like a cart.

In Udaribadaribad nakshatra if one erects a stupa, gives the ungiveable offering

(gdesigi-yin takil gbes), gathers medicines, produces a meritorious ransom figure,

crushes the eliy-e [demons] of the little ones, brings a bride into one's household, offers the

fire sacrifice, ferments alcohol, beckons fortune, or does any kind of deed, it is good. If one

subdues an enemy, creates a mandala, gives a horse, seeks profit, does business, holds a feast,

or sets out on a journey, it is bad. If a daughter is born, she will be stupid and a thief. If there

147
The term ai may refer to the thieves grandson or granddaughter, nephew or niece.

604
TRANSLATION

is an earthquake, it will be bad for those who belong to the caste of the wretched (baram-a

ija(ur-tan).148 The appearance of the two stars is like a picket post (ele-yin (adasun).

In Rivadi nakshatra if one builds a house, leans against a column, brings a bride into

one's household, holds a meritorious feast, gathers medicines, builds a temple, beats an

enclosure, conducts an assembly peaceably, seeks profit, sends an emissary, trades a horse,

holds a feast, acquires an ox, herds sheep or goats, teaches wisdom, makes a reply, casts off

a torma, creates a triangular mandala ((urbalin mandal egdbes), performs rites of

pacification, calculates a matrix,149 takes out bones, sets out on a journey, or if a son is born,

it is good. If one gives a loan or wealth and livestock, sees off a daughter, if someone dies,

or if one tailors a robe, it is bad. If there is an earthquake, those who possess skillful means

and wisdom will be annihilated in their own intermediary state. This is the old woman's spirit

nakshatra. The appearance of its thirty-two stars is like a boat.

[32r] In Aivani nakshatra if one fits a robe, holds a feast, gives a name to a new-

born, trades a qainu( (cross between ox and yak), brings a bride into one's household, gives

or takes livestock, goes on a visit, offers sacrifice to a burqan, lays brick, battles with an

enemy, causes hail to fall, trains a colt, recites a dh~ran}, collects medicines, herds animals,

makes a marriage or personal alliance, sows seed, beckons fortune, performs meritorious

deeds, performs meritorious deeds for the dead, cuts the tail of death, erects a stupa, plants a

148
For various kinds of origins of people see Srkzi BTD, 3856, p. 276.
149
Perhaps this refers to calculating the divination "magic squares" or mewas. Cf.
Cornu (1997: 102-126).

605
TRANSLATION

tree, or moves one's house, it is good. If one has a dispute, it is bad. If a son is born, he will

have a long life, free of illness. If there is an earthquake, gods and demons will become few.

The appearance of the three stars is like the head of a horse.

As for Barani nakshatra, it is like the three legs of a trivet. Thus, if one erects a gate

or watermill, performs a ceremony, does battle, if soldiers build up the frontier, if one teaches

wisdom, reads a writing, builds a fortress, gives a loan, takes a widow, makes rain, crushes

eliy-e, or draws the name of an enemy, it is bad. If one performs a rite for the fearsome ones,

hunts animals in a drive, or tailors a robe, it is good. If one sets out on a journey, or buries

someone's bones, it is bad. If a son is born, he will like to kill and slaughter. His character

will be bad. Later he will go to hell. If there is an earthquake, or if the sun and moon are

eclipsed, it will be bad for all mice.150 The appearance of the three stars is like a lotus. The

seven water nakshatra of the north are finished.

In Hindi, nagidar-a sam-a yogibani

In Tibetan, isgarma gzangdang ildanblan kyagvsollab

Translated into Mongolian, I prostrate myself for the completion of the stars together with the

planets.

150
That this is bad for all mice probably includes those who are born under the sign
of the Rat as well as the animal itself.

606
TRANSLATION

[32v] Having become an ascetic (sdhu),151 [the king] said, "Oh, daughter, who are

you? Where is the place you reside? What are you able to do?"

When this was asked, the girl replied, "I am a queen named Vima,152 a daughter of

heaven. I am able to lay heaven on its side. I am able to level the earth. I can repulse an

enemy. I can bring forth water in a dry place. I can bring forth woods from rock and stone.

I can make a poor man rich."

The king asked again, "Oh, daughter, since your body is small, how do you speak great

words? If this is so, what is my star?"

The girl replied, "King, having bathed your body in water of incense, tie nine kinds

of colored silk to a bow with vulture feathers. Prepare various foods and offerings and when

you have placed them [on the altar], offer sacrifice to heaven and earth. I am going to teach

you everything about the gara( and the wandering stars.

When the king heard this, he immediately prepared his offering in the manner

described and asked, "Oh, daughter, what is the star of heaven's Wheel-turning king? What

151
The manuscript gives sahdu. Perhaps this refers to Skt. shdu "holy person, saint;
virtuous; good; sage; a monk or ascetic," (Grimes, 263). Knappert defines sdhu as "a saint,
a person who has succeeded in suppressing his desires, so that he has acquired true insight
into the essence of reality, which is that all people and all creatures are one (1991: 213).
See in Kara where the term shdu is given in an astrological text in the Uigur form satu
(1979: 199).
152
Bawden mentions this goddess without identifying her (1958: 327). Vima is
perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW 979).

607
TRANSLATION

is the star which circles the peak of Mount Sumeru?153 What is the star which circles all that

is in the middle? What is the star which circles all that is at the base?"

The girl replied, "The stars of the Wheel-turning king are two, the spike (polar star)

which is called the Eminent Uma154 and the one known as Vima. The stars which circle the

peak of Mount Sumeru are, led by the previous two stars, the six sickle stars, the dog of

heaven, and the Wood star. These circle the peak. Around the middle of Mount Sumeru

circle all the stars, big and small: the twenty-eight stars (those of the nakshatra), beginning

with Kerteg (Pleides) nakshatra, the sun and the moon and the nine gara(,155 and the thirty-

two Lha-mo (kin Tngri) which control the hours and the mi (i.e., mark the time), these

circle the middle. Circling the base are twelve [33r] months which make one year. In one

year there are three hundred sixty days, seven hundred twenty hours. The first year is on the

first day. With each small year there is a star and a planet. Together with each planet is one

which controls time. Fifteen stars in all circle the base."

153
Mt. Sumeru is the mythological mountain in the center of the world in Buddhist
cosmology.
154
Uma is the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva (MMAD 17, n. 39). Uma is given in
Clarks Two Lamaistic Pantheons, V. I and II, 5B 36, p. 177.
155
Included with the seven gara( which comprise the days of the week there are two
additional gara(, Rhu and Ketu, to make nine total. Rhu, which designates the moon's
ascending node is mythological and belongs to the monster in the heavens, which by the
ancient Hindus and others was believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by
attempting to devour them. The moon's descending node was deified in a similar way as
Ketu. Cf. Burgess (1859: 194).

608
TRANSLATION

Again, the king asked, "Which is the first of the stars? Which of the stars are the good

and bad gates? Which is the gate of heaven? Which is the gate (egde) of earth?"

The girl replied, "The first of the stars is Kerteg The good gate is the same Kerteg.

The bad gate is Barani. The gate of heaven is the same Kerteg. The gate of earth is the same

Barani."

Again, the king asked, "Which star brings about the kalpa of fire? Which star brings

about the kalpa of water? Which star brings about the kalpa of air?"156

The girl replied, "The one which brings about the kalpa of fire is Barani. The one

which brings about the kalpa of water is Jayitari. The one which brings about the kalpa of

air is Burnavasu."

Again, the king asked, "What is the star which turns one person into one hundred?

What is the star which turns one mare into one hundred? What is the star which turns one ox

into one hundred? What is the star which turns one sheep into one hundred? What is the star

which makes a poor man rich? What is the star which impoverishes a rich man? What is the

star which disrupts order (kesig) at a feast? What is the star in which a birds nest is burned

in a fire? What is the star which makes two hands (nigen beteg [=biteg]) of grain one

hundred silos? What is the star which causes a man without descendants to have

descendants? What is the star which causes gold to be provided for a begger? What is the

156
Here the four kalpa are given in terms of the Pythagorean four elements as opposed
to the terms of the horoscope, "formation, continuance, decline, and disintegration" which
is more common. Cf. DBT (211-214).

609
TRANSLATION

star which causes profit to be found in a stone? What is the star which causes a bad

commoner to be enrolled to the rank of minister? What is the [star] which causes a ruler to

lose his descendants? What is the star which makes the claws of the wolf fall out of their

sockets? What is the star which causes one to fall from the ranks of dignitaries? [33v] What

is the star which causes a master (ba(i) to let go in the interval when seizing demons? What

is the star which erases or lessens bad enterprises and bad deeds?"

The girl replied, "The one that makes one man one hundred is Suvadi. The one that

makes one mare one hundred is Burvabadaribad. The one that makes one oxen one hundred

is Rokini. The one that makes one sheep one hundred is Asli(. The one that makes two hands

of grain into one hundred silos is Rivadi. The one that makes the poor man rich is Mul. The

one that impoverishes the rich person is Rokini. The one that gives the blind man eyes is

Anurad. The one that causes profit to be found while seizing bones is Tanista. The one that

causes profit to be found in a stone is Burvasad. The one that causes order to be disrupted at

a feast is Burvabalguni. The one that causes a crippled man to climb rocks is Mig. The one

that causes a bad commoner to be enrolled in the ranks of dignitaries is Qasta. The one that

causes the nest of a bird to burn is Rivadi. The one that causes a master the let go in the

interval of seizing demons is Burnavasu. The one that causes the wolfs claws to protract is

Udaribadaribad. The one that causes a king to loose his descendant is Margiar. The one

that causes one to fall from the ranks of dignitaries is Abiji. The one that erases or lessens bad

enterprises or bad deeds is Barani."

610
TRANSLATION

The girl spoke further, "In the six sickle stars do not hold a sharp-edged implement.

Towards the queen called Vima do not reveal a prophecy. Under the meat-eating elephant do

not take out bones. Towards the cord of heaven do not beckon fortune. In the direction of

the brand with seven banners do not open the gate of a treasury. Towards the cord which

binds east and west do not bring a bride into one's household. Under the glorious great

elephant do not plant a crop. In the direction of yeke amatu sn-e157 do not attack with

cavalry."

When the king asked, "Which are these?" the girl replied, [34r] "The six sickle stars

are Anurad. If soldiers set off on a campaign, they will speak in an antagonistic way. The

queen named Vima is Qasta. Thus, do not reveal a prophecy. If one does reveal [a prophecy],

one will not be re-born. The meat-eating elephant is Jayitari. Thus, do not take out bones.

If one takes them out, the tail of death will not be cut. The cord of heaven is ista. In this

if one offers sacrifice to a burqan or beckons fortune, harm will come immediately. The seal

with seven banners is Udarisad. Under this do not give grain. If one does give grain, the

treasury will become empty. The cord of west and east is Kerteg. Under this do not bring a

bride into one's household; do not give a daughter. The glorious great elephant is Mig. Thus,

if one plants a crop oxen will die. The mouth Son'e is Burvabadaribad. Under this do not

attack with cavalry. The horses will die. The one that cuts off descendants is Mul. The one

that destroys good fortune is Burvasad. The one that causes one woman to see the face of

nine men is Anurad. The one that causes one thief to see nine kings is Abiji. The one which

157
Transcription and translation uncertain.

611
TRANSLATION

causes tears to come from a face of stone is Tanista. Oh, king, one should look at this closely

and know it well.

Fourth, let the good and bad [auspices] of the twelve years be told.

On the Rat day, do not see an omen. Do not battle an enemy. Do not remove a

splinter (ilige). Do not give a loan. Do not tailor a new robe, nor wear it. If one wears it,

rats will bite [it]. If one does business, performs a meritorious deed, builds a house, or goes

to pillage or steal, it is good. Do not tailor a red robe; do not wear one.

On the Ox day, if one does business it will not be profitable. If one builds a house,

brings a bride into one's household, performs rites for life and protection, or pounds out a city

[wall], it is good. If one builds a house for a son, or if one's son and grandchildren separate

[into] different [factions], [34v] the life of the bride will be short. Do not set out on a

campaign. As for the Ox, it is the day for translating the Great Vehicle. Do not wear a red

or gold robe; do not mend one. Do not wear a new hat.

On the Tiger day, do not offer sacrifice to a burqan. If one offers sacrifice, the lord

of the burqan will die by a sharp-edged (trenchant) implement. Do not cut wood. It is a bad

day in which one may become poor. If one adorns a city, meets an enemy, gives a meritorious

ransom figure, or offers the fire offering, [it is good]; it is good for the rites of the fearsome

ones. Do not tailor multi-colored robe; do not wear one.

On the Hare day, if a king ascends to the throne, if one pays respect to the ancestors,

receives a decree from heaven, trains a horse, or concocts medicine, it is good. Do not

examine the land [i.e., practice feng shui/geomancy]. Do not disturb a powerful place. If one

612
TRANSLATION

does disturb such a place, the dragon kings will bring illness. Do not cause hail to fall. Do

not give a paper figure (sada(-a). Do not seize power. If you do, it will be destroyed. Do

not make a ransom figure response. The lords of the earth and the demons of the dragon kings

will harass. Do not tailor nor wear a green robe. On the Dragon day, if one

preaches the dharma, beats cymbals and drum, blows a trumpet, performs a fire sacrifice,

pacifies demons (idkd), performes a rite for longevity, beckons fortune, recites the dh~ran}

of the fearsome ones, meets an enemy, or gives a blessing, it is good. Do not lament;

otherwise it will not be relieved for a long time. The rulers and the great clan will decline.

Do not cut up an old robe. Do not repair a dwelling that has been destroyed (selbi/salbi).

On the Snake day, if one offers sacrifice to the lord of the land, changes land (nutu()

or administrative unit (oto(), gives livestock, makes a promise, recites a dh~ran}, accepts

guidance, acquires something, offers sacrifice to a burqan, or searches for the source of land

and water, it is good. It is a fortunate day. Do not bring a bride into one's household. If one

does bring a brind into one's household, [the husband and wife] will separate, or, if not, they

will have no descendants. Do not dig a grave. Do not cause demons to be suppressed. Do

not tailor nor wear a black robe.

On the Horse day, if one tailors a robe, digs for gold, [35r] offers sacrifice to the eight

classes, fights, or moves a dwelling, it is extremely good. If one goes for a visit, it will

become a long affair. If one attacks with cavalry, the horses will die. If not, the saddles will

break. If one builds a new dwelling, gives a daughter, makes any kind of loan, or gathers

medicines, it is bad. Do not tailor nor wear a black robe.

613
TRANSLATION

On the Sheep day, if one offers sacrifice to a burqan, selects a stallion, bull camel,

or bull, inscribes or recites the dharma (i.e., writes or reads a book), builds a fortress [wall],

builds a dwelling for a son, gives away a daughter, or looks for a shepherd, it is good. Do not

gather medicine. If one sets off on a campaign or moves a dwelling, it is bad. Do not tailor

nor wear a jade-colored robe.

On the Monkey day, if one moves a house, takes a bride, plants a tree, if a new couple

unites, if one seeks profit, beats cymbals and drum, celebrates a festival, gives a meritorious

ransom figure, or convenes an assembly, it is good. If one mends a robe or dwelling the

owner will die. It is bad. Do not tailor nor wear a yellow robe.

On the Cock day, if one performs a meritorious deed, offers the fire sacrifice, feeds

a beloved son, goes for a visit, moves a house, sets out on a journey, or gathers medicines, it

is good. Do not convene an assembly. If one holds a feast or builds a house, it is bad. Do not

tailor nor wear a multi-colored robe. Do not sprinkle gold.

On the Dog day, if one finishes a deed, goes for a visit, sets off on a campaign, offers

sacrifice to a burqan, goes to pillage, gives an inheritance to a son, gives away a daughter,

seeks a name, offers sacrifice to the heavens and the earth, prays prayers, or goes into battle,

it is good. If one moves a house or takes a new bride, it is bad. Do not tailor nor wear a white

robe.

[35v] On the Pig day, if one performs a rite for causing [an enemy] to be crushed,

casts away a torma (dough figure), performs a rite for the fearsome ones, offers sacrifice for

the clergy (priests and incarnate lamas), plants on rocky ground, builds a house on rock, or

614
TRANSLATION

performs a rite of repulsing [a curse], it is good. If one takes out the bones of a dead person,

inters a corpse, gives away a daughter as a bride, or pacifies demons of ones beloved (engkri

idkd), it is bad. Do not tailor nor wear a green robe.

As for the Twelve Lords (Arban qoyar ein), one reads in Chinese writing, jan, uu,

man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], p, i, eng, iu, ke, bi. In Mongolian writing one reads, eilegi,

aril(a(i, dgrgi, tbsidkegi, to(ta(i, saki(i, ebdegi, tigi [=tgigi], btgi,

quriya(i, negegi, qa(a(i.

On the day of the One Who Dominates, if one repairs a house, sets out on a journey,

offers sacrifice to the ong(od (tutelary deities), yields to what is written, goes travelling with

others to receive a promotion or for other [official matters], or if nobles present themselves

to the principle wife of the emperor, it is good. One should not disturb the ground or open a

treasury. Do not launch either a new or old boat into a river. Do not cross over. It is bad for

these deeds.

On the day of the One Who Eradicates, if one offers sacrifice to the gods and tutelary

deities, performs rites for life and protection, builds or repairs a house, sets out on a journey,

separates a herd of animals, does business, causes livestock to bed down in a new shelter,

pulverizes a physician's medicine, brings an illness under control, causes any kind of

implement to be made for a home, plants a tree or flower, collects medicines or treatments,

offers a fire sacrifice, or burns the spirit of a corpse, it is good. One should not move. It is

bad.

615
TRANSLATION

[36r] On the day of the One Who Fills if one repairs a house, tailors a robe, inscribes

the dharma, plants a tree or flower, collects seals, enters a new home, opens a treasury, gives

or receives alms, performs rites for the protection of life, works a new pump (in-e krge

tatabasu),158 or stops up the hole of a well, it is good for these deeds. If one disturbs the

ground, goes to do business in a distant place, takes medicine, or moves a house, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Levels, if one sets out on a journey, repairs, makes, or

covers a house or cart, or completely repairs any kind of old ware inside the home, it is good.

If one digs a water canal, plants a crop, tailors a robe, or inscribes the dharma (i.e., writes a

book), it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Stabilizes, if one yields to the dharma, tailors a robe,

offers sacrifice to the gods and ong(od (tutelary deities), if a daughter becomes engaged [to

be married], if one requests a girl [for marriage], or if one accepts a young lady and matches

her [with someone], if one separates animals and herds them, gives away animals, erects a

mill, or does business, it is good. Do not listen to a complaint (lawsuit), do not testify. If one

sets out on a journey, or plants a crop, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Guards, if one produces a ransom figure for the protection

of life, offers sacrifice to the gods and ong(od (tutelary deities), submits a written tribute to

a king (qa(an-a tatul(-a beig oro(ulbasu), if a son has relations with a girl (kbegn okin-i

neyiilebes)159 or seduces a girl, or if one lies in ambush for a pillaging thief, hooks a fish,

158
Perhaps the reference is to a bellows instead of a well.
159
The idea is to have common property.

616
TRANSLATION

or debates a scripture (biig abulibasu), it is good. If one enters a new home, moves away,

sets out on a journey, returns to one's own home, opens a treasury, launches a new boat into

the water, gives alms, or causes animals to bed down in a new shelter, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Destroys, if one seeks a physician to have an illness

examined, destroys an old house, pulverizes medicine, initiates the search for a thief, or acts

according to the law, it is good. If one disturbs the ground, sets out on a journey, [36v] if a

Christian comes (?erkei iribes),160 moves a home, plants a crop, launches a new boat into

the water, if a daughter becomes engaged, if one brings a bride into one's household, offers

a fire sacrifice, or causes livestock to bed down in a new shelter, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Trembles, if one performs rites for the protection of life,

submits a written tribute to the king, becomes engaged, asks for a girl or seduces a girl, repairs

a new table or bed, does business, or causes livestock to bed down in a new shelter, it is good.

If one cuts wood and moves [it] to a new place, or sends off a boat, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Accomplishes, if one offers sacrifice to the gods and

tutelary deities (ong(od), produces a ransom figure protection for life, tailors a robe, if a girl

is married out, if one submits a written tribute to the king, covers a house, separates livestock

into different groups, erects a mill, mutually receives a scripture, treats an illness, repairs an

old house, plants a flower, sets out on a journey, enters a new home, assimilates the ware of

one house in another house, brings a bride into one's household, gives alms, makes a profit,

or gives an animal to someone, it is good in general. If one sues, it is bad.

160
The transcription and translation are doubtful.

617
TRANSLATION

On the day of the One Who Assembles, if one lies in ambush for a pillaging thief,

hunts in a drive, brings in a ware from the outside, repairs a house or cart, plants a crop or

flower, offers sacrifice to the gods and ong(od (tutelary deities), starts a [new] book, takes

a wife, erects a treasury building, grabs a fish from the water, gives a good or animal to

someone, or acquires profit or debt, it is good. If one treats the bones of an old corpse, puts

the aorta and heart into a Buddha or tutelary deity, sets out on a journey, applies a poultice,

or a compress, inscribes a dharma scripture, or convenes and assembly, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Opens, if one produces a ransom figure protection for life,

offers sacrifice to the gods, submits a document to a king, [37r] starts a [new] book, tailors

a robe, becomes engaged with a girl or seduces a girl, erects a house and cart, digs a canal,

starts a well, erects a mill, herds livestock, does business, repairs a house, opens a treasury,

plants a crop, if a noble presents himself to the principal wife of the emperor, if one performs

any kind of deed, enters a new house, moves, takes a wife, arrests an illness, or disturbs the

ground, it is good. If there is an earthquake, or if one does business, on the first day of the

month, it is bad.

On the day of the One Who Closes, if one makes a ransom figure protection for life,

offers sacrifice to the gods and tutelary deities, matches a boy and girl, does business, herds

animals, gives or receives alms, repairs a house or cart, disturbs the ground, digs a hole for

a well, plants a crop or tree, makes a chest for a corpse, or builds the table for a throne, it is

good. If one makes a poultice or a compress, pulverizes medicine, offers a fire sacrifice, sets

out on a journey, enters a new house, or moves, it is bad.

618
TRANSLATION

Another item, as for a good day to build a town or city, Mig, Burvabalguni,

Udaribalguni, Burvasad, Udarisad, Sadabis, or Udaribadaribad, these are good. The Moon,

Water, Wood, or Gold stars are good. The Ox or Sheep day is good. The twenty-fifth is

good. The twenty-sixth [of] Qubi sara is bad. As for a good day to ascend the ruler's throne,

to receive a promotion, or to receive a title, Qubi sara or the Eighth month is good. Rokini,

Udaribalguni, Udarisad, or Sadabis is good. Moon, Water, Wood, or Gold, these are good.

The Hare day is good. The third, tenth and Ox days are bad.

As for a good day to build a temple, hermitage or house, Kerteg, Rokini, Mig,

Burvabalguni, Udaribalguni, [37v] Burvasad, Udarisad, Udaribadaribad, or Rivadi, these,

are good. The Moon, Water, Wood, or Gold star is good. The seventh, eighteenth, or twenty-

fifth is good. The Ox or Sheep day is good. Every third Horse day is bad. Jayitari, Suvadi,

or Sua( is bad. Sun, Fire, Earth, these are bad.

As for a good day to bless a temple, monastery, scripture, or object of veneration

(itgen), from the Eleventh month until the Fifth month is good. The second, third, eighth,

twelfth, or fifteenth of any month is good. If the star and nakshatra is good, the last days161

are also good. The nineteenth and the thirtieth are bad. The Moon, Water, Wood or Gold star

is good. Rokini, Ardar, Bus, Udaribalguni, ista, Mul, Burvasad, Udarisad, irvan, or

Burvabadaribad, these are good.

Also, as for a good day to bless a temple or monastery, stupa, burqan or scripture, or

to make a consecration [for these things], as it is taught in the tantras concerning the blessing

161
The final ten days of the month; here from the 20th-29th.

619
TRANSLATION

of a mandala, one should make the blessing during the first ten days of the month. As long

as the star and nakshatra coincide, if one makes [the blessing] during the last ten days of the

month no harm will come of it. Because it has been preached thus, concerning the first ten

days of the month for making the blessing in accordance with the root tantra, the six months

when the sun proceeds in a northerly direction, the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and

Twelfth months, these are good. The second, third, eighth, twelfth, or fifteenth, these days

are good. The twenty-ninth or thirtieth is bad. As for a good nakshatra, Burvasad, Rokini,

irvan, Udaribalguni, Ardar, ista, Mul, Bus, Udarisad, or Udaribadaribad, on the days of

these stars, if one makes a blessing it will bring peace, and good fortune will increase. On

Udaribalguni the blessing (adistid) will be great. On both Mul and Abiji the teachings and

dharma may be known. On Ardar good fortune will well increase. On Rokini one will

conquer others, and on Margiar peace [38r] will be firm. On Burvasad and Udarisad sons

and grandchildren will be many. On Udaribadaribad the blessing will be great. On Anurad

one will find supreme magic (sidi).

Also as for a good gara( star, if one gives a blessing on the Moon, Water, or Wood,

there will be supreme peace and every desire will be fulfilled. On the Sun, Fire, and Earth

harm to animals will be great. Also, as for a good occasion for the star of a day, if the Moon

star falls on the third, sixth, seventh, tenth, or eleventh, it is extremely good. On the second,

fourth, eighth, or tenth, the Water star is extremely good. As for any Gold star, besides these

three days, the sixth, seventh, or [ ], on all of them it is good. On these stars if one blesses

620
TRANSLATION

an object of veneration (sitgen), the benefit will be extremely great. The deeds of making

a consecration or blessing are not the same as the deeds of the world.

Another item, as to the congregation of the eight classes according to the conjunction

of day and month, in general they will convene on the three nines of the first four months.162

They will disperse on the three sixes. They will convene on the three sevens of the middle

four months, and disperse on the three eights. They will convene on the three fives of the last

four months, and disperse on the three fours. On the days when they convene, if one performs

any kind of fearsome rite it is good. The symbol of this [day] is the vajra. The symbol of the

day when they return is the half vajra. On this day do not perform fearsome rites.

Another item, concerning Mahevara and Amitbha's convention with the heads of the

eight classes,163 reckoning and probing the lives of all living beings, and [the times] when they

will convene, [38v] they will convene gathering their twelve consorts (gdanm-a). They will

convene gathering at the hour when the sun rises on the fourteenth day of Qubi sara. They

will convene having the four times (drben a() gather around at midnight on the sixteenth

day of the Second month. They will convene gathering the four demons (imnus) and mother

(eke) just prior to midnight on the twenty-second day of the Third month. The will convene

gathering the planets (gara(-ud) when the dawn breaks on the eighth day of the Fourth

month. They will convene having the eight dragon kings gather around when the sun rises

162
That is, the 9th, 19th, and 29th days of the month.
163
In ayima(-ud-ud, the final suffix should be written as a genitive -un instead of the
plural -ud.

621
TRANSLATION

on the fifteenth and twenty-second days of the Fifth month. On the eighth day of the Sixth

month the gods (tngri), monsters (mang(us), eight classes and so forth will offer sacrifice by

means of an offering of time on the summit of Mount Sumeru, and Mahevara and so forth

will amuse themselves with the games of Rhula (Raqula). And because of their indulgence,

although they will not disperse this month, on the sixth day [only] a few will convene. They

will convene having the class of ma mo (ekiner) gather around when the dawn breaks on the

twenty-fifth day of the Seventh month. Having the class of the yaksas gather around from the

tenth day of the Eighth month until the thirtieth, they will convene when the sun sets. Having

the eight classes gather around from the eighth day of the Ninth month until the thirtieth, they

will convene at the hour when the sun sets. Having the yaksas class gather around from the

fourteenth day of the Tenth month until the sixteenth day they will convene at the hour when

the sun sets. Having the Erlig gather around from the twenty-second day of the Eleventh

month until the thirtieth day, they will convene from noon until night. While they are

convening during the Twelfth month, at midnight on the twenthy-ninth day there will be a

great congregation with the gods (tngri), monsters (mang(us), and eight classes all together.

On this day if one pierces with a lance, turns the wheel (i.e., preaches the law), establishes a

foundation (tul(-a bolqu), discards a bloody sickle, [39r] burns a fire mandala, causes hail to

fall, or so forth, or if one performs any kind of fearsome rite, it will be bad, like a jewel which

has entered the throat of a sea monster. [An act] will be accomplished without a curse. Its

symbol is the downward-pointed lance.

622
TRANSLATION

Another item, as to when the eight classes will return, they will return when the sun

sets on the seventeenth and nineteenth days of Qubi sara. They will return when the sun sets

on the first and twenty-eighth days of the Second month. They will return at noon on the

third, twenty-eighth, and thirtieth days of the Third month. They will return at midnight on

the twenty-fifth day of the Fourth month. They will return when the sun rises on the sixteenth

day of the Fifth month. They will return at noon on the eleventh, thirteenth and fifteenth days

of the Sixth month. They will return when the dawn breaks on the twelfth and seventeenth

days of the Seventh month. They will return when the dawn breaks on the third and

seventeenth days of the Eighth month. They will return when the sun rises on the second day

of the Ninth month. They will return at noon on the eighteenth day of the Tenth month. They

will return at midnight on the twentieth day of the Eleventh month. They will return at

midnight on the twenty-seventh day of the Twelfth month. On these days, as it was previously

told, if one performs fearsome rites, the life of the person who does so will be short. No

matter how great one's own power of meditation might be, it will bring great harm to women

and children, possessions and animals. Its symbol is the upward-facing lance.

Another item, as for a day when the dragon kings will convene according to the

conjunction of day and month, they will convene on the seventeenth day of Qubi sara; the

third day of the Second month; the second and fifteenth day of the Third month; the eighth,

fifteenth, and twenty-eighty days of the Fourth month; the fifth and twenty-second days of the

Fifth month; the twenty-fifth day of the Sixth month; [39v] the twelfth and fifteenth days of

the Seventh month; the fourteenth, fifteenth, and thirtieth days of the Eighth month; the

623
TRANSLATION

eleventh and twelfth days of the Ninth month; the fifth and eighth days of the Tenth month;

the seventeenth and twenty-seventh days of the Eleventh month; and they return on the

twenty-ninth day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one offers sacrifice to the Lords of

the Earth and the dragon kings, it is extremely good. Its symbol is the blue lake.

As for the day the dragon kings return, they return on the first and tenth days of Qubi

sara; the fourteenth and twenty-eighth days of the Second month; the sixteenth day of the

Third month; the sixteenth day of the Fourth month; the eighth, fourteenth, and twenty-ninth

days of the Fifth month; the first and eleventh days of the Sixth month; the fifth and sixth days

of the Seventh month; the sixth and thirteenth days of the Eighth month; the ninth, nineteenth,

and twentieth days of the Ninth month; the nineteenth day of the Tenth month; the sixteenth,

twenty-sixth and thirtieth days of the Eleventh month; and they return on the second, twelfth,

and twenty-second days of the Twelfth month. On these days if one offers sacrifice to land

or water lords, or makes a white treatment (a(an asal), there will be no benefit. Its symbol

is the red sun.

Another item, as for the servant, baling do(in, seeking food for the gara( by the

conjunction of day and month, because it is the incarnation of the gara( it is known as the

wolf of the gara(. As for the son born of the supreme lord named Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

vim-a) and the one known as the Black Hawk of the Earth, he is called Lord and Ruler of the

Earth ((aar-un ein qa(an). It is said that with a body as big as a thumb he rides a horse as

big as a mouse, destroyer of the world, he holds a black banner, and in the afternoon on the

eighth day of Qubi sara, [40r] he runs in search of food. At midnight on the eighteenth day

624
TRANSLATION

of the Second month x;164 when the sun rises on the twenty-eighty day of the Third month x;

when the sun rises on the fifth day of the Fourth month x; at dusk on the fifteenth day of the

Fifth month x; on the twenty-fifth day of the Sixth month [x]; with the dawn on the first day

of the Seventh month x; when the sun rises on the eleventh day of the Eighth month x; in the

afternoon on the twenty-first day of the Ninth month x; at midnight on the ninth day of the

Tenth month x; at midnight on the nineteenth day of the Eleventh month x; and with the dawn

on the twenty-ninth day of the Twelfth month, he runs in search of food. At noon he runs

from south to north. He runs from west to east at midnight. He runs from north to south.165

If one leads soldiers against his running, the commander of the army will die. If one brings

a bride into one's household, there will be death or separation. If one takes out bones,

someone will die during this month. If illness comes it will be difficult to treat. If a son is

born it will be bad [for him] later. If one acts following these practices: soldiering, milling,

and fearsome rites, one will be very powerful. Its symbol is one red drop.

Where baling of the Tiger Hare Dragon Cock

the fierce dwells Horse Sheep Monkey Ox
Dog month Pig month Rat month Snake month
on the first day east south west north
second southeast southwest northwest northeast
third ?northeast southeast southeast northwest
[?northwest]

164
The manuscript gives an x to show the repetition of a phrase. Here it stands for,
"they run in search of food."
165
The manuscript does not say when.

625
TRANSLATION

fourth south west north east

fifth north east south west
sixth southwest northwest northeast southeast
seventh northwest east southwest southwest
eighth west north east south
ninth east south west north
tenth southeast southwest northwest northeast

Also as to the Voidness of the month: 1 Dragon;166 2 Ox; 3 Dog; 4 Sheep; 5 Dragon; 6

Dragon; 7 Dog; 8 Sheep; 9 Dragon; 10 Ox; 11 Dog; 12 Sheep.

of the Tiger Hare Dragon Cock

Horse Sheep Monkey Ox
Dog month Pig month Rat month Snake month
eleventh northeast southeast southwest northwest
twelfth south east north east
thirteenth north east south west
fourteenth southwest northwest northeast southeast
fifteenth northwest northeast southeast southwest
sixteenth west north east south
seventeenth east south west north
eighteenth southeast southwest northwest northeast
nineteenth northeast southeast southwest northwest
twentieth south west north east

166
I.e. "the Dragon days of the first month," and so on.

626
TRANSLATION

of the Tiger Hare Dragon Cock

Horse Sheep Monkey Ox
Dog month Pig month Rat month Snake month
on the twenty- north east south west
first day
twenty-second southwest northwest northeast southeast
twenty-third northwest northeast southeast southwest
twenty-fourth west north east south
twenty-fifth west south west north
twenty-sixth southeast southwest southwest northeast
twenty-seventh northeast southwest southeast northwest
twenty-eighth south west north east
twenty-ninth north east south west
thirtieth southwest northwest northeast southeast

[41r] Another item, when one takes out bones in the direction where the Fearsome

Baling stay, [if one does so] prior to accomplishing the path, it will be fortunate. If one sets

out on a campaign it will be bad for the body of the commander or [his] horse. If a traveler

leaves, upon his return he will not arrive. If one brings a bride into one's household, two

people will die. If one builds a town, it will be impoverished. If one gives or receives alms,

good fortune will diminish. If one sets out a thread cross, the master will not reach his next

year. If one goes to do business, his goods will be lost. If one commits a theft, he will be

punished. If one gives a ransom figure, it will bring harm. If one suppresses the eliy-e

(demons), the end of death will not be cut. It is bad.

627
TRANSLATION

Another item, let me write to distinguish the black times of a year, month, or day.

White Tiger, Geng-xin, black Snake, Ren-gui, blue Monkey, Jia-yi, yellow Pig, and Wu-ji,

these eight years are black.

Another item, as to a black month, in the years of the Rat and Horse, the middle month

of spring is the one which cuts off descendants; the middle month of autumn is the one which

impoverishes. In the Ox and Sheep years, the final month of spring is the one which cuts off

descendants; the final month of autumn is the one which impoverishes. In the Tiger and

Monkey years, the first month of summer is the one which cuts off descendants; the first

month of winter is the one which impoverishes. In the Hare and Cock years, the middle

month of summer is the one which cuts off descendants. The middle month of winter is the

one which impoverishes. In the Dragon and Dog years, the final month of summer is the one

which cuts off descendants; the final month of winter is the one which impoverishes. In the

Snake and Pig years, the first month of spring is the one which cuts off descendants; the first

month of autumn is the one which impoverishes.

Of these black months, the head of the four first months is black; the back of the four

middle months is black; and the tail of the four final months is black. In these black months,

[41v] if one erects a temple or monastery, builds a city, establishes a great state, ascends the

throne, moves to a new territory, takes a bride, gives away a daughter, gives an inheritance

to a son, or goes on a great migration, it is extremely bad. One must strive to avoid them.

Another item, as for a small day, on these days: the twenty-eighth day of Qubi sara;

the eighteenth day of the Second month; the eighth day of the Third month; the twenty-fifth

628
TRANSLATION

day of the Fourth month; the fifteenth day of the Fifth month; the fifth day of the Sixth month;

the twenty-eighth day of the Seventh month; the eleventh day of the Eighth month; the first

day of the Ninth month; the twenty-ninth day of the Tenth month; the nineteenth day of the

Eleventh month; and the ninth day of the Twelfth month, one should not perform peaceful

good deeds. It is good for fearsome deeds. Its symbol is this black drop.

Another item, as for a great black day, on these days: the seventh day of Qubi sara;

the fourteenth day of the Second month; the twenty-first day of the Third month; the eighth

day of the Fourth month; the sixteenth day of the Fifth month; the twenty-fourth day of the

Sixth month; the ninth day of the Seventh month; the eighteenth day of the Eighth month; the

twenty-seventh day of the Ninth month; the tenth day of the Tenth month; the twentieth day

of the Eleventh month; and the thirtieth day of the Twelfth month, do not perform any kind

of good deed. If one washes one's body, makes a curse, or mixes poison, it is good.

Anther item, as for an impoverishing black day, it always coincides with a great black

day. Thus, if one brings a bride into one's household, gives away a daughter, or if someone

dies, if one has many progeny his descendants will be cut off; if one exports a possession or

animal, if one is rich, he will become a beggar. [42r] If one builds a town or city, erects a

house or cart, if soldiers set off on a journey, or if ones makes a joyful feast, a beloved son

who is like one's very heart, will die. On these days, even though the stars or nakshatra might

be good, they will not be beneficial. If one makes a curse, it will not be accomplished in three

years. It is a day for accomplishing an act in a single day.

629
TRANSLATION

Also, as for a Black hour, in the three middle months of spring the Monkey, Cock, and

Dog hour is black. In the three months of summer, the Hare, Dragon, and Dog hour is black.

In the three month of autumn, the Ox, Dragon, and Dog hour is black. And in the three

months of winter, the Ox, Snake, and Dog hour is black.

Another item, as to the affairs of the black ingpng, on a Tiger or Monkey day in the

three months of spring, they run from south to north. On an Ox or Sheep day in the three

months of summer, they run from west to east. On a Dragon or Dog day in the three months

of autumn, they run from north to south. On a Snake or Pig day in the three months of winter,

they run from east to west. On a Rat, Horse, Cock or Hare day, they will be in the center.

Another item, concerning the hours and deeds to be avoided pertaining to the running

of the black ingpng, on the Tiger and Monkey days of Qubi sara, they will run after the sun

has risen. In those hours, if one disturbs the ground, builds a city, or molds a miniature stupa

[out of clay (sasa deledbes)], one will become poor. On the Tiger and Monkey days of the

Second month they will run at midnight. In those hours, if one digs an excavation or makes

a mandala, [one's efforts] will be blunted. On the Tiger and Monkey days of the Third month,

they will run when the dawn breaks. In these hours if one disturbs the ground, covers a roof,

takes out bones, or digs a place on which to build, it is bad. On the Ox and Sheep days of the

Fourth month they will run at the hour when the sun sets. In those hours, if one disturbs the

ground, repairs a canal, or gathers the straw of a crop, it is bad. On the Ox and Sheep days

of the Fifth month, they will run at the hour when the sun rises. In those hours, if one disturbs

the ground or breaks the soil, it is bad. On the Ox and Sheep days of the Sixth month, [42v]

630
TRANSLATION

they will run when the sun rises. In those hours, if one digs an excavation or files a lawsuit,

it is bad. On the Dragon and Dog days of the Seventh month they will run in the hour when

the sun rises. In those hours, if one disturbs the ground, kindles a fire in the hearth (oda(

tlebes), digs a mine, or erects an enclosure, it is bad. On the Dragon and Dog days of the

Eighth month they will run in the hour when the sun rises. In those hours, if one disturbs the

ground, erects a mill, builds a fence, or excavates a mine, it is bad. On the Dragon and Dog

days of the Ninth month they will run when the dawn breaks. In those hours, if one builds an

enclosure, or makes an opening (o(o[l](-a kibes), it is bad. On the Snake and Pig days of

the Tenth month they will run at midnight. In those hours if one disturbs the ground, or builds

a fortress or platform (yender), it is bad. On the Snake and Pig days of the Eleventh month

they will run at midnight. In those hours, if one disturbs the ground, builds a city, or inters

the bones of one's father or paternal uncle, it is bad. On the Snake and Pig days of the Twelfth

month, they will run in the middle of the night (tong sni). In those hours if one disturbs the

ground or builds a temple or stupa, it is bad. One should not perform any kind of deed against

them [the black ingpng]. If one becomes possessed (nke-) by them, it is good for

making a curse, repulsing [one], or performing rites for crushing the enemy, it is good. They

will be powerful. As for a way to shield them off, if one ties a mirror to the forehead of a

goat, and on it, draws a matrix with nine [squares], like this [], then, in the direction one faces

[the goat], all bad deeds will be avoided. If one encounters them, read the Golden Light

(Altan gerel). The symbol of the black ingpng is the black letter zi.

631
TRANSLATION

Another item, as for the ginggang (Tib. kingkang), it is known as the fearsome

gara(167 which seizes the sun and moon. It is called the black demon which brings all things

to poverty. In the hour when it looks for food, white deeds become black. The emperor falls

and becomes a commoner. Dignitaries fall and become beggars. If illness comes it will be

difficult to cure. An enemy will come from an unexpected place. [43r] If one takes a bride,

she will become a widow. If one builds a house, five people will die. If one performs any

kind of good deed it is bad. On the day [the ginggang] descends do not take out bones. Do

not settle in a new land. Do not take a wife. If a son [ni(un] is born, he will enter under a

fearsome gara(, and he will use his own father and mother as servants. If one exports an

animal or food, he will become a beggar. As to the day he descends, he will descend on the

seventh and twenty-eighth days of the months which begin on the earth star. He will descend

on the second and twenty-four days of the months which begin on the Moon star. He will

descend on the eighteenth and twenty-eighth days of the months which begin on the fire star.

He will descend on the sixteenth and twenty-sixth days of the months which begin on the

Wood star. Because he is extremely severe and fearsome, one should avoid him. His symbol

is two black drops.

Another item, as for the day the gods and demons battle, they battle on the third, fifth,

and twentieth days of Qubi sara; they battle on the eighth and twelfth days of the Second

month; the tenth and eleventh days of the Third month; the eighth and thirteenth days of the

Fourth month; the ninth and sixteenth days of the Fifth month; the fifth and sixteenth days of

167
I.e., Rhu/Rhula. Cf. DO 548.

632
TRANSLATION

the Sixth month; the fifth and twenty-eighth days of the Seventh month; the ninth and

fourteenth days of the Eighth month; the fifth and sixth days of the Ninth month; the ninth and

twentieth days of the Tenth month; the seventh and twenty-eight days of the Eleventh month;

and they will battle on the twentieth, twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth days of the Twelfth month.

On those days do not offer sacrifice to the dragon kings nor to the lords of the earth. Strive

for one's own protection. Any kind of deed from them should be avoided. Their symbol is

a parti-colored square.

[43v] Another item, as for a day when the lords of the earth who wield an annihilating

black sickle run, [they run on] the eighth day of Qubi sara; the third day of the Second month;

the ninth day of the Third month; the third day of the Fourth month; the thirteenth of the Fifth

month; the ninth day of the Sixth month; the seventh day of the Seventh month; the

seventeenth day of the Eighth month; the twenty-eighth day of the Ninth month; the first day

of the Eleventh month; the thirteenth day of the Eleventh month; and the ninth day of the

Twelfth month. On these days if one preaches the dharma, receives a consecration, takes a

vow of fasting, seeks profit, holds a feast, changes one's place of residence, takes out bones,

builds a house, or inters a corpse, it is bad. Their symbol is a black sickle.

Another item, as for a day on which a mendicant returns empty-handed, it will be the

sixteenth and twenty-sixth days of Qubi sara; the second day of the Second month, the eighth

day of the Third month, the fourth day of the Fourth month; the fifth day of the Fifth month;

the sixth and twenty-first days of the Sixth month; the seventh and nineteenth days of the

Seventh month; the eighth and eleventh days of the Eighth month; the ninth and twenty-first

633
TRANSLATION

days of the Ninth month; the tenth day of the Tenth month; the eleventh day of the Eleventh

month; and the ninth day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one builds a town or city,

hangs a door, brings a bride into one's household, gives an inheritance to a son, starts a fire

in the hearth(oda( egdbes), preaches the dharma, blesses an idol (object to be relied

upon), holds a feast, seeks profit, sets out on a journey, gives or receives a possession or

animal, or builds a tiered house, it is bad. Its symbol is a parti-colored drop.

Another item, as for [a day when] the fearsome ones of the gara( look for food, [it

will be on] the fifteenth and twenty-fifth days of Qubi sara, [44r] the second and thirteenth

days of the Second month; the eighteenth and twenty-eighth days of the Third month; the

sixteenth and twenty-sixth days of the Fourth month; the fifteenth and twenty-fifth days of the

Fifth month; the second and thirteenth days of the Sixth month; the eighteenth and twenty-

eighth days of the Seventh month; the sixteenth and twenty-sixth days of the Eighth month;

the fifteenth and twenty-fifth days of the Ninth month; the second and thirteenth days of the

Tenth month; the eighteenth and twenty-eighth days of the Eleventh month; and the sixteenth

day of the Twelfth month. On these days if one brings a bride into one's household, builds

a town or city, if a nomad moves his camp, if one holds a feast for the birds (?sibad-un

qurim), disturbs the ground, takes out bones, or sends away a beloved son, it is bad. Its

symbol is the square black area, this [ ].

Another item, as for a day when the dog of the lord of the earth looks for food, [it will

be on] the eighth day of Qubi sara; the seventh and sixteenth days of the Second month; the

twenty-fourth day of the Third month; the ninth day of the Fourth month; the eighteenth day

634
TRANSLATION

of the Fifth month; the twenty-seventh day of the Sixth month; the tenth day of the Seventh

month; the twentieth day of the Eighth month; the thirtieth day of the Ninth month; the

eleventh day of the Tenth month; the twenty-second day of the Eleventh month; and the first

day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one brings a girl or bride into one's household,

sets off on a campaign, builds a town or city, holds a feast, feeds a dog, or does something for

a dead person, it is bad. Its symbol is a three-eyed square.

Another item, let me write the good and bad [auspices] for the occasions brought forth

by the union of days and stars. If the sun star falls on the fourth or eighth it is good. If the

mood star falls on the first or third it is good. If the Fire star falls on the sixth it is good. If

the Water star falls on the second, seventh, or twelfth it is good. If the Wood star falls on the

fifth, tenth, or fifteenth it is good. If the Gold star falls on the eleventh or thirteenth it is good.

[44v] If the Earth star falls on the fourth or ninth it is good.

Another item, there will be occasions for burning according to the conjunction of days

[and stars]. If the Sun star falls on the twelfth or seventeenth day, [the auspice] is bad. If the

Moon star falls on the eleventh or twenty-sixth day, it is bad. If the Fire star falls on the tenth

or twenty-fifth, it is bad. If the Water star falls on the third or eighteenth day, it is bad. If the

Wood star falls on the sixth or twenty-first day, it is bad. If the Gold star falls on the second

or seventeenth day, it is bad. If the Earth star falls on the seventh or twenty-second day, it is

bad. As for the benefits of performing good deeds on these star dates for burning, they will

be like the ashes of a tree which has burned. Their symbol is a black cross.

635
TRANSLATION

Another item, there will be an occasion for the seven ambrosia according to the

conjunction of the stars and nakshatra. On these days: the Sun star and Qasta; the Moon star

and Anurad; the Fire star and Aivani; the Water star and Sua(; the Wood star and Bus; the

Gold star and Burvabalguni or Udaribalguni; and the Earth star and Burnavasu, if one erects

a temple or monastery, enlivens a burqan or dharma, makes an implement (kereg asal

kibes), or performs any kind of good deed, the benefit will be extremely good. Their symbol

is the upward-facing jewel.

Another item, there will be an occasion for the seven blessings according to the

conjunction of the stars and nakshatra. On these days: the Sun star and Qasta; the Moon star

and irvan; the Fire star and Aivani; the Water star and Anurad; the Wood star and Bus; the

Gold star and Burnavasu; and the Earth star and Rokini, if one performs any kind of deed

whether for the dharma or the world, the benefit will be according to one's desire. Their

symbol is the upward-facing cintmani jewel. This [ ].

[45r] Another item, there will be a bad occasion to die according the conjunction of

these stars and nakshatra: the Sun star and Anurad; the Moon star and Kerteg; the Fire star

and Sadabis; the Water star and Aivani; the Wood star and Margiar; the Gold star and

Aivani; and the Earth star and Qasta. On these days if one gives alms, renovates a house or

cart, beckons fortune, or performs meritorious good deeds, it is bad. their symbol is the

downward facing cintmani. This [ ].

Another item, there will be an occasion for burning according to the conjunction of

these stars and nakshatra: The Sun star and Mig; the Moon star and Sua(; the Fire star and

636
TRANSLATION

Ardar; the Water star and Mul; the Wood star and Tanista; the Gold star and Rokini; and the

Earth star and Burvasad; On these days do not perform meritorious deeds. If one performs

sinful deeds, they will succeed. Their symbol is a black cintmani. This [ ].

Another item, there will be seven days of demons according to the conjunction of

these stars and nakshatra: the Sun star and Kerteg; the Moon star and Barani; the Fire star

and Mig; the Water star and Ardar; the Wood star and Margiar; the Gold star and Bus; and

the Earth star and Tanista; On these days if one sets off on a campaign, one will crush the

enemy. If one makes a fearsome implement (do(sin kereg kibes), one will supress idkd

demons. It is good for any kind of fearsome severe act. It is bad for a white asal or peaceful

deed. Their symbol is a downward-facing stupa.

Another item, as for the seven days in which to conquer imnus demons, [they are:]

the sun star and Mul; the moon star and Abiji; the fire star and Burvabadaribad; the Water star

and Kerteg; the Wood star and Burnavasu; the gold star and Burvasad; and the earth star and

Suvadi. On these days of one performs fearsome deeds or a powerful act, it will succeed

immediately. Their symbol is a black [sun]. This [ ].

Another item, let the good and bad occasions of the four elements, according to the

conjunction of stars and nakshatra, be in keeping with the custom of the Klacakra. [45v]

Also, the Gold star and the Earth star are earth;168 the Moon and Water stars are water; the Sun

and Fire stars are fire; the Rhu star (Luuq-a odun) and the Wood stars are air.

168
I.e., the element of Friday and Saturday is earth.

637
TRANSLATION

Also, these seven nakshatra, Rokini, ista, Anurad, Ardar, Udarisad, Tanista, and

Abiji, have the essence of earth. These seven nakshatra, Sadabis, Udaribadaribad, Rivadi,

Burvasad, Mul, Asli(, and irvan, have the essence of water. These seven nakshatra, Kerteg,

Barani, Sua(, Burvabadaribad, Bus, Mig, and Burvabalguni, have the essence of fire. And

these seven nakshatra, Aivani, Burnavasu, Suvadi, Margiar, Udaribalguni, Qasta, and

Jayitari, have the essence of air. One should understand the good and bad conjunctions of

these gara( and nakshatra.

If two earths coincide, it is an occasion for accomplishing magic, and by means of an

occasion for accomplishing magic, one's desires will be fulfilled. It is good for founding an

object to rely upon, building a town or city, erecting a temple or monastery, buying farm land,

for a ruler to succeed in his deeds, to hold power, and so forth, for pacifying or immutable

deeds.

If two waters coincide, it is a rasiyan occasion and by means of an occasion for a

rasiyan, life and age will flourish. If one gathers medicines [it is good]; It is good for taking

a bride, the ceremonial rites for reciting the Aparimityurhynastra (Ayui-yin nom),

conjuring life, or causing life to flourish, or for the rites to make life long.

If two fires coincide, it is an occasion for spreading, and by means of an occasion for

spreading, possessions and food will be found. It is good for deeds of business, scattering

seeds, giving alms, accomplishing the tantric mastery (erke) of possessions, giving a water

sacrifice, offering sacrifice to the god of possessions, or asking for the dignity of a saintly

person (qutu().

638
TRANSLATION

If two airs coincide, it is the occasion for giving a blessing, and by means of giving

a blessing, one's intentions will be fulfilled. It is good for deeds of making agreement,

deriving profit, match-making, and, moreover, deeds of high accomplishment.

[46r] If water and earth coincide, it is the occasion of a permanent state, and by means

of permanence, one will be continuously happy. It is good for acts such as wearing a robe,

wearing an ornament, enjoying a festival, holding a joyful feast or showing respect.

If fire and air coincide, it is a very powerful occasion and by means of a powerful

perfect occasion, one becomes fortunate. It is good for performing rites of life and protection,

offering sacrifice to a burqan or god, and acts for the mastery of spreading peacefulness.

If earth and air coincide, it is an occasion without coincidence, and by means of non-

coincidence, possessions and food will be used up. It is good for going to steal [from] a mill,

and acts of robbery, or an act of giving an animal.

If water and air coincide, it is an occasion for non-agreement, and by means of an

occasion for non-agreement, one's descendants and relations separate. It is good for acts of

backbiting.

If fire and earth coincide, it is an occasion for burning, and by means of an occasion

for burning, suffering is caused to be born. It is good for acts of setting off on a campaign,

crushing an enemy, or causing others to be denigrated.

If water and fire coincide, it is an occasion for death, and by means of an occasion for

death, one ends life and aging. It is good for acts of chastising others, making a curse, or

mixing poison. In this way one distinguishes good and bad [auspices] for three kinds of acts,

639
TRANSLATION

three good, three fair, and three final, together with one end one. Thus, one should understand

these occasions well. If each one of the stars and nakshatra is good, it happens by means of

the occasion of consequence (ai r-e). Thus, one distinguishes a good nakshatra by means

of the star. One distinguishes a good star by means of the day.

Another item, let me write to distinguish the good and bad coincidences according to

the conjunction of star and year. If a Rat or Ox coincide with these four stars: Sun, Moon,

Fire, and Earth, then there will be danger of an enemy. If they coincide with the Water or

Gold stars, results will be accomplished. [46v] If they coincide with the Wood star, the

dharma and good fortune will flourish. If any star coincides with these days: Tiger, Horse,

Dog, or Pig, it is good. If the Hare day coincides with the Wood star, goods and belongings

will increase. It is good. If it coincides with the Water star, one will find a wife. If it

coincides with the Sun star, descendants and relations will separate. If it coincides with the

Moon star, one's intentions will be accomplished. If it coincides with the earth star, one's

possessions will be used up. If it coincides with the Fire star, there will be strife. If it

coincides with the Gold star, one will find land for farming. If it coincides with either the

water star or the Wood star, one will find possessions and chattels. If a Sheep or Monkey day

[coincides with] a Water or Wood star, it is good. If they coincide with a Gold star, one will

become a king or noble. If it coincides with any other star, it is bad. If a Cock day coincides

with a sun, fire, water, or gold star, it is good. As for the others, it is bad. As for these, they

are according to the good and bad coincidences of year and star.

640
TRANSLATION

Another item, as for understanding the good and bad distinctions [resulting from] the

conjunction of the nakshatra with the twelve years, they are thus: If Margiar or Ardar

coincide with a Sheep day, it is bad. If Udaribalguni or Qasta coincide with a Dog day, it is

bad. If Burvasad or Udarisad coincide with an Ox day, it is bad. If Burvabadaribad or

Udaribadaribad coincide with a Dragon day, it is bad. On these days, if one inscribes the

dharma, creates a likeness of burqan, makes a consecration, sets out for a remote place, places

the felt covering (degelbr) on the upper part of the tent, hangs a door, holds a feast, brings

a girl or bride into one's household, builds a hall or enclosure (asar kriy-e baribasu), gives

an inheritance to a son or receives [an inheritance], sets out on an outward journey, discards

seed for a crop or receives [it], erects a threshold, convenes, files a lawsuit, gives a name to

a son, repairs a passageway (qabi(ai jasabasu), receives a consecration, gathers medicines,

tailors a robe, builds a house, pacifies a corpse, ferments liquor, beckons the majesty of an

animal, plants a crop, or plans any kind of act, it is bad. Their symbol is three black drops.

This [ ] .

As for the day Mahkla descends, it is on the fifteenth day of Qubi sara; the fourth

day of the Second month; [47r] the twelfth day of the Third month; the fourteenth day of the

Fifth month; the twenty-fifth day of the Sixth month; the first day of the Seventh month; the

twenty-seventh day of the Eighth month. The seventh day of the Ninth month; the fourth day

of the Tenth month; the twenty-ninth day of the Eleventh month; and the fifteenth day of the

Twelfth month. On these days if one makes a Mahkla and magical substances (i.e., torma

"dough figure" and dongli "thread cross"), it is good. Their symbol is a razor, [].

641
TRANSLATION

As for a day the Goddess (Lhamo) descends, it is on the first day of Qubi sara; the

eleventh day of the Second month; the twenty-first day of the Third month; the thirteenth day

of the Fourth month; the fifteenth day of the Fifth month; the twenty-third day of the Sixth

month; the nineteenth day of the Seventh month; the fifteenth day of the Eighth month; the

twenty-first day of the Ninth month; the eleventh day of the Tenth month; the twenty-ninth

day of the Eleventh month; and the fifteenth day of the Twelfth month. On these days if one

sets out magical substances, it is good. Their symbol is a skull cup.

This, [ ].

Another item, as to the glorious days of the twelve months, they are the eighth day of

Qubi sara; the eighth day of the Second month; the ninth day of the Third month; the third

day of the Fourth month; the twenty-third day of the Fifth month; the nineteenth day of the

Sixth month; the third day of the Seventh month; the seventeenth day of the Eighth month;

the twenty-first day of the Ninth month; the twentieth day of the Tenth month; the first day

of the Eleventh month; and the ninth day of the Twelfth month. On these days it is good for

any kind of act. Their symbol is a pitcher. This, [ ].

Another item, as to knowing the bad day which was told of by the sages [such as]

Yang Gungyi,169 it is on the thirteenth day of Qubi sara; the eleventh day of the Second

month; the ninth day of the Third month; the seventh day of the Fourth month; the fifth day

of the Fifth month; the third day of the Sixth month; [47v] the first and twenty-ninth days of

169
Mostaert identifies Yang Gungyi in H. A. Giles, A Chinese Biographical
Dictionary, 1898, p. 909, as Iang Koung i, a celebrated astronomer (1225-1294 [MMAD 34,
n. 91]).

642
TRANSLATION

the Seventh month; the twenty-seventh day of the Eighth month; the twenty-fifth day of the

Ninth month; the twenty-third day of the Tenth month; the twenty-first day of the Eleventh

month; and the nineteenth day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one plans and

performs any kind of act, calamity and misfortune will be great. If one acts to create, repair,

or cover a house, it will burn in a fire or a thief will enter. If one promises a daughter and

brings a bride into one's household, holds a wedding feast, re-used possessions and chattels

will satisfy one hundred lives.170 During these few days, if a son is born, he will live in

suffering and lament his troubles saying, "woe is me." On these days, if one takes out bones,

after one has passed away (ergin qoora(san), one's descendants will become beggars. If one

meets with these circumstances: ascending to the noble class, going to a distant place, or

filing a lawsuit, one will not separate from suffering and, in spite of every effort, will not

return from [a state of] constant suffering. If those who know and understand this cause

[knowledge of it] to be spread among all living beings, later, the offspring of their offspring,

having become rich, will become very blessed (erger [= irger]). Their symbol is a red letter

'A, [ ].

Another item, as to the day of any particular month on which one should not make

plans, it is on the Snake day of Qubi sara; the Cock day of the Second month; the Ox day of

the Third month; the Monkey day of the Fourth month; the Rat day of the Fifth month; the

Dragon day of the Sixth month; the Pig day of the Seventh month; the Hare day of the Eighth

month; the Sheep day of the Ninth month; the Tiger day of the Tenth month; the Horse day

170
I.e., there will be great scarcity.

643
TRANSLATION

of the Eleventh month; and the Dog day of the Twelfth month. On these days, if one enters

a new house, the master of the house will be separated [from his home]. If one looks for

wood on a mountain, it will not be found. If one looks for fish in the water, they will not be

found. If one builds a temple, the clergy will not be established there. If one sets out on a

boat, it will turn over. If one sets out on a journey to a distant land, one will meet with a

pillaging thief. If one builds a bridge, it will not hold firm. If one plants a crop or tree, it will

wither. If one receives a title from a king, one's life will be short. [48r] If one journeys far,

one will not return home. If one builds a corral, the animals will diminish. If one hangs a

new door, [no one] will enter. If one offers sacrifice to a Buddha, the gods, or tutelary deities

(ong(od), it will be the same as dirt. If one acts avoiding these things, good fortune will

reside.

Another item, as for the Modun (okimui day of the twelve months, it is on the Dragon

day of Qubi sara; the Ox day of the Second month; the Dog day of the Third month; the

Sheep day of the Fourth month; the Hare day of the Fifth month; the Rat day of the Sixth

month; the Cock day of the Seventh month; the Horse day of the Eighth month; the Tiger day

of the Ninth month; the Pig day of the Tenth month; the Monkey day of the Eleventh month;

and the Snake day of the Twelfth month. On these days it is bad for various kinds of acts of

scattering seed, opening a treasury, and so on.

Also, as for the bad day known as the Red Magpie (Ula(an aa(ai), it is on the

Snake day of the first four months; the Cock day of the four middle months; and on the Ox

day of the four final months. On these days do not perform any kind of act. It is bad.

644
TRANSLATION

Another item, let me write in order to distinguish the good and bad coincidences

according to the conjunction of the year and month. [They are] the Dog day of Qubi sara; the

Pig day of the Second month; the Rat day of the Third month; the Ox day of the Fourth

month; the Tiger day of the Fifth month; the Hare day of the Sixth month; the Dragon day of

the Seventh month; the Snake day of the Eighth month; the Horse day of the Ninth month; the

Sheep day of the Tenth month; the Monkey day of the Eleventh month; and the Cock day of

the Twelfth month. These days are days for the gods to grieve. Do not offer sacrifice to a

burqan or god. It is bad.

Also, on the Pig day of Qubi sara; the Dog day of the Second month; the Cock day

of the Third month; the Monkey day of the Fourth month; the Sheep day of the Fifth month;

the Horse day of the Sixth month; the Snake day of the Seventh month; the Dragon day of the

Eighth month; the Hare day of the Ninth month; the Tiger day of the Tenth month; the Ox day

of the Eleventh month; and the Rat day of the Twelfth month. [48v] These days are days for

idkd demons to grieve. Do not perform good acts. If one suppresses the demons of a

corpse (kgr-n idkd), it is good.

Also, as for a good day to set out on a journey, Margiar, Burnavasu, Bus, Qasta,

Anurad, Mul, Udarisad, Abiji, irvan, Tanista, Burvabadaribad, Udaribadaribad, or Aivani

are good. These days: water, wood, or gold, are good. The moon star is fair. The fire and

earth stars are bad for everyone but soldiers. The cheng (accomplisher) and zhi (protector)

days are good. The bi (closer) and po (destroyer) days are bad. The Dog day is good.

645
TRANSLATION

Also, the Horse and Sheep days of the four initial months are bad. The Tiger and

Snake days of the four middle months are bad. And the Rat and Ox days of the four final

months are bad. The Snake day is generally bad. One should consult the three tables.

Also, as for a day to mount a military campaign, the Tiger and Dog days are good.

The Ox and Sheep days are bad. Fire, gold, earth, these stars are good. The moon star is bad.

Ardar, Udaribalguni, or Aivani are good. Burnavasu, Asli(, or Anurad are bad. Every

fourth one is bad.

Also, as for a good day to do battle with an enemy, a Tiger or Dragon day is good.

Margiar, Ardar, Mig, Burvabalguni, Anurad, ista, Mul, Burvasad, and Udaribadaribad,

these are good.

As for the empty domicile (ger-n qo(osun), [it is on] the Snake day of the First

month; 2nd, Rat; 3rd, Sheep; 4th, Tiger; 5th, Cock; 6th, Dragon; 7th, Pig; 8th, Horse; 9th, Ox;

10th, Monkey; 11th, Hare; 12th, Dog.

[49r]

This is the Table For Setting Out on a Journey

During the First Four Months

If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a

journey on the internal journey on the journey on the golden journey on the bliss of journey on the hair of journey on the filled

palace, it is good. collection of treasure palace it is good. the dragon it is good. the ox it is bad. treasury it is good.

it is bad.

First Second Ninth Fourth Fifth Sixth

Seventh Eighth Fifteenth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth

Thirteenth Fourteenth Twenty-first Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth

Nineteenth Twentieth Third Twenty-second Twenty-third Twenty-fourth

646
TRANSLATION

Twenty-fifth Twenty-sixth Twenty-seventh Twenty-eighth Twenty-ninth Thirtieth

This is the Table for Setting Out on a Journey

During the Four Middle Months

If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a If one sets out on a

journey on the day journey on the gate of journey on the journey on the jewel journey on the thief of journey on the palace

known as the path of heaven it is good. enclosure of heaven it of heaven it is good. heaven it is bad. of heaven it is good.

heaven it is good. is bad.

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth

Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty-second

Twenty-fifth Twenty-sixth Twenty-seventh Twenty-eighth Twenty-ninth Thirtieth

If one sets out on a If one sets out on a

journey on the danger journey on the

of heaven it is bad. treasury of heaven it is

good.

Seventh Eighth

Fifteenth Sixteenth

Twenty-third Twenty-fourth

This is the Table for Setting Out on a Journey

During the Four Final Months

If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out If one sets out

on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on on a journey on

the red magpie the head of the the back of the the leg of the the black-boned the head of the the back of the the leg of the

it is bad. white tiger it is white tiger it is white tiger it is turtle it is bad. blue dragon it blue dragon it blue dragon it

good. good. bad. is good. is good. is bad.

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth

647
TRANSLATION

Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth

Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty-second Twenty-third Twenty-fourth

Twenty-fifth Twenty-sixth Twenty-seventh Twenty-eighth Twenty-ninth Thirtieth

[49v]

See This Table of the Heavens for the Day

To Set Out on a Journey During Any Month

On the First, Ninth, Seventeenth, and Twenty-fifth, the Gate of Heaven is good.
On the Second, Tenth, Eighteenth, and Twenty-sixth, the Dog's Snout is bad.
On the Third, Eleventh, Nineteenth, and Twenty-seventy, the Shadow of Heaven is good.
On the Fourth, Twelfth, Twentieth, and Twenty-eighth, the Nose of the Dog is good.
On the Fifth, Thirteenth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-ninth, the Dog's Head is good.
On the Sixth, Fourteenth, Twenty-second, and Thirtieth, the Dog's Back is bad.
On the Seventh, Fifteenth, and Twenty-third, the Treasury of Heaven is good.
On the Eighth, Sixteenth, and twenty-fourth, the Throat of Heaven is bad.

This is the Table For Knowing the Good and Bad Auspices

Of the Days to Set Out on a Journey During Any Month

As it was Preached by the Master, Nagarjuna.

648
TRANSLATION

If one sets If one sets If one sets If one sets If one sets If one sets
out on a out on a out on a out on a out on a out on a
journey on journey on journey on journey on journey on journey on
the day the day the day the day the day the day
known as known as known as known as known as known as the
dayang it is ua( it is vimading it is sng it is sing it is Dada King it
bad. good. good. good. fair. is bad.
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth
Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth
Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth
Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty- Twenty-third Twenty-
second fourth
Twenty-fifth Twenty-sixth Twenty- Twenty- Twenty-ninth Thirtieth
seventh eighth

The Days For Setting Out on a Journey of the Five Dakinis

Are Seen in This Table

Vajradkin Ratnadkin Padmadkin Karmadkin Buddhadkin

If one goes accomplish a accomplish a meet with a empty hand encounter an
east desire desire gain enemy
If one goes accomplish find meet with an find a gain meet with a
south acts nourishment enemy desire
If one goes encounter an find a gain accomplish accomplish return empty
west enemy an affair one's own
desire
If one goes accomplish encounter an no harm, fair find a gain no harm, fair
north an act enemy
If one goes in find a gain no harm, fair accomplish encounter an accomplish
the four one's own enemy profit
ordinal desire
directions

649
TRANSLATION

[50r]

This is the Table to See the Good and Bad Directions

For Setting Out on a Journey During the Twelve Days

Note these separately If one goes east If one goes south If one goes west If one goes north

Rat day very bad a possession is found, joyful very good extremely bad

Ox day become joyful become fortunate see goodness become wounded

Tiger day a possession is found, good find a possession good bad

Hare day good good bad bad

Dragon day good good good bad

Snake day find a possession enter a lawsuit moderately good have a quarrel

Horse day good good the body dies the body dies

Sheep day good good bad meet with food and drink

Monkey day good good bad for all bad for all

Cock day good enter a quarrel meet with wine and food find a possession

Dog day good possessions are used up bad good

Pig day bad good moderately good Do not go. It is bad.

The Table to See the Good Directions For Setting Out

On a Journey During the Twelve Hours

See each of these if one goes east if one goes south if one goes west if one goes north

Rat hour find a possession accomplish acts meet with food and feasting encounter a thief

Ox worry become fortunate meet with possessions and meet with food and drink

chattels

Tiger any kind of act will succeed find a possession meet with illness become joyful

Hare there will be profit become joyful meet with illness and ada meet with death and ada

[demons] [demons]

Dragon become joyful meet with food and drink meet with illness and ada find chattels and possession

in abundance

650
TRANSLATION

Snake meet with fetters and become joyful meet with death and ada find possessions and

constraints chattels in abundance

Horse accomplish meritorious acts delivered unto ada meet with possessions and find possessions and

[demons] chattels chattels in abundance

Sheep meet with illness become happy there will be profit extremely good

Monkey there will be profit all kinds of acts will become joyful there will be good luck or

succeed regret

Cock there will be an argument meet with food become joyful a blessing

Dog find possessions and meet with ada [demons] find possessions and moderately good

chattels animals

Pig there will be profit find chattels find possessions and encounter a thief in the

chattels interval

The 13th of the 1st month is a cintmani. The 11th of the 2nd month is a cintmani.

The 13th of the 3rd month is a cintmani. The 11th of the 4th month is a cintmani. The 3rd

of the 5th month is a cintmani. The 1st of the 6th month is a cintmani. The 7th of the 7th

month is a cintmani. The 27th of the 8th month is a cintmani. The 22nd of the 9th month

is a cintmani. The 2nd of the 10th month is a cintmani. The 17th of the 11th month is a

cintmani. The fifteenth of the 12th month is a cintmani.

[50v]

Table to See the Good and Bad Auspices of the

Twelve Days and Hours

See these twelve names If one sets out on a journey If one sets out on a journey If one sets out on a journey [If one sets out on a journey

inividually on these days it is bad. on these days it is bad. during these hours it is bad. during these hours it is

bad.]

First month's Hare day Seventh Horse Dog

Second month's Rat day Second Dragon Dog

Third month's Cock day Sixth Horse Cock

Fourth month's Horse day Sixth Horse Monkey

651
TRANSLATION

Fifth month's Hare day Sixth Ox Hare

Sixth month's Rat day Twentieth Monkey Rat

Seventh month's Cock day Sixth Dog Cock

Eighth month's Horse day Tenth Hare Dragon

Ninth month's Hare day Twentieth Hare Cock

Tenth month's Rat day Third Monkey Hare

Eleventh month's Cock day Fifth Rat Dragon

Twelfth month's Horse day Fifth Horse Rat

Table to See the Good and Bad Directions

For Setting Off on a Journey During the Seven Graha Stars

See these stars If one goes east If one goes south If one goes west If one goes north If one goes in the four

separately ordinal directions

Sun Accomplish a desire There will be Meet with fighting Now is bad for live Comeback empty

repentance

Moon There will be Find food Here a good word Moderately good Encounter an enemy

repentance

Fire Accomplish acts Become lucky Find a gain Encounter an enemy Comeback empty

Water Become lucky Find a gain Accomplish a desire There will be a quarrel Encounter an enemy

Wood There will be a quarrel An animal will An enemy will appear Accomplish a desire Find a gain

wander off

Gold Accomplish acts Encounter an Enemy There will be an Lose a possession or Accomplish a desire

argument animal

Earth Encounter an enemy Accomplish a desire Lose a possession or Find a gain There will be a quarrel

animal

As for a treatment during a black month, tie nine kinds of wood, the great black tail

of a bull, a bow, a white qada(, as well as things made from vermillion, sugar, soldering

metal and so forth to the pole of a standard, and having driven it into the ground, make a burnt

652
TRANSLATION

smell (kengsigl) of white butter and bulls lard, and then stick [the standard] into the ground

in the contrary Monkey direction of the Tiger year on the seventh day of Qubi sara. In this

manner, given any day, stick it [in the ground] in that month's contrary direction. It will be

good.

[51r] As for a good star to bring a bride into one's household, these are good: Rokini,

Margiar, Bus, Burvabalguni, Suvadi, Mul, Udarisad, Abiji, Burvabadaribad,

Udaribadaribad, and Aivani. The Moon, Water, Wood, and Gold stars are good. The Ox,

Sheep, and Monkey days are good.

One item, here is the table to know the month in which to marry off a daughter. One

should understand this and rectify it well.

year month month month month month month hour hour

Rat Rat Ox Tiger Hare Dragon Snake Rat hour Dragon hour

Horse Sheep Monkey Cock Dog Pig

Ox Ox Rat Snake Dragon Hare Tiger Ox hour Monkey hour

Sheep Horse Pig Dog Cock Monkey

Tiger Tiger Hare Dragon Snake Horse Sheep Tiger hour Dragon hour

Monkey Cock Dog Pig Rat Ox

Hare Hare Tiger Ox Rat Snake Dragon One's own Hare hour

Cock Monkey Sheep Horse Pig Dog hour

Dragon Dragon Snake Horse Ox Tiger Cock Cock hour Dragon hour

Dog Pig Rat Sheep Monkey Hare

Snake Snake Dragon Hare Tiger Ox Rat Ox hour Snake hour

Pig Dog Cock Monkey Sheep Horse

Horse Horse Sheep Tiger Hare Dragon Pig Dog hour Horse hour

Rat Ox Monkey Cock Dog Snake

653
TRANSLATION

Sheep Ox Rat Snake Dragon Hare Tiger Hare hour Sheep hour

Sheep Horse Pig Dog Cock Monkey

Monkey Tiger Hare Dragon Snake Rat Ox Rat hour Monkey hour

Monkey Cock Dog Pig Horse Sheep

Cock Hare Tiger Ox Horse Snake Dragon Ox hour Cock hour

Cock Monkey Sheep Rat Rat Dog

Dog Dragon Snake Horse Ox Tiger Cock Tiger hour Monkey hour

Dog Pig Rat Sheep Monkey Hare

Pig Snake Dragon Hare Tiger Ox Rat Hare hour Tiger hour

Pig Dog Cock Monkey Sheep Horse

These are the In these In these In these In these In these In these In these In these

years of the months it is months it is months it is months it is months it is months it is hours brush hours one

girl. They bad for the even and bad for the bad for the bad for the bad for the the hair. should send

should be girl's body. good. go-between. father and fatherand man. her off.

rectified and mother. monther-in-

understood law.

[51v]

If it is a great month count clockwise from son-in-law. If it is a small month count

counterclockwise from foundation. Hearth, foundation, place of residence, and door are good.

If it is a great month count clockwise from hearth. If it is a small month count

counterclockwise from place of residence. These are good: hearth, home, place of residence,

and path.

654
TRANSLATION

If it is a great month count clockwise from son-in-law. If it is a small month count

counterclockwise from daughter. These are good: place of residence, home, hearth, and

younger sibling.

In these three tables, if it is in red, it is good. If it is in black, it is bad. Even if it concerns the

life of the father, mother, or younger sibling, it is still bad for them [if it is black]. If it

concerns the life of the girl there will be no harm. Generally do not take a bride on the third

or seventh.

If the month is great, count clockwise from man. If the month is small, count

counterclockwise from woman.

[52r]

Here are the Conjunctions of Stars and Nakshatra

For Not-Taking a Bride

See this and rectify these stars and These [indicate] the bride who does These [indicate] the bride who These [indicate] the bride who

nakshatra not suit separates brings danger

Sun star Burvabalguni Tanista Ardar

Moon star Anurad Udaribadaribad Tanista

Fire star Anurad Aivani Barani

Water star Mul Barani Sua(

Wood star Tanista Ardar Rokini

Gold star Rokini Mig Bus

Earth star Burvasad Jayitari Rokini

655
TRANSLATION

This is the Table to See When to Take a Bride

According to the Nature of the Years

If one is under the These indicate a These indicate a fair These indicate a poor These indicate a bride These indicate a bride

influence of the years superior bride. bride. A daughter will [see the earlier use of who will die. It is who will separate. It

with these Descendants and be born. ecus as poor] bride. bad. is bad.

characteristics, see animals will flourish. Descendants will be

this and distinguish It is good. few

the sixty items

Yi Bing Jia Yi Ren Gui Wu Ji Geng Xin

Ding

Ding Wu Ji Bing Ding Jia Yi Geng Xin Ren Gui

Ji Geng Xin Wu Ji Bing Ding Ren Gui Jia Yi

Xin Ren Ji Geng Xin Wu Ji Jia Yi Bing Ding

Gui Jia Yi Ren Gui Geng Xin Bing Ding Wu Ji

Another item, as for the direction in which the bride should be made to descend, she

should descend in the man's female [yin] direction. [He] should wear a robe with the bride's

element and characteristic. She should descend on a benevolent day, the first day of a worthy

month. She is to descend in the first hour of the man's year.

As to a bride's four imnus demons, it is necessary to try to consult these, the Empress

Dayiwang, itgen eke, the trigram Li, and the dog of heaven.

[52v] This is the table of the Dog of Heaven. If the month is great count clockwise

from neck. If the month is small count counterclockwise. On the neck it is moderately good.

On the eyes descendants and relations having greatly flourished one will be abundantly happy.

656
TRANSLATION

On the mouth, having been no descendants, there will be quarreling. On the throat it is bad

for the mother-in-law. On the heart one will be extremely happy. On the genitals there will

be no descendants. On the Achilles tendon there will be obstacles for one's own daughter.

One the tail sons will be many. On the navel one will be continuously and agreeably happy.

On the hip it will be agreeable. On the back descendants will be cut off. On the scapula it

will be extremely good.

In a masculine month count clockwise from mouth. In a feminine month count

counterclockwise from tail. On the mouth one will meet with a quarrel. On the jaw it is

moderately good. The breast is good. On the thigh is extremely good. On the belly sons will

be many. On the leg it is bad. On the tail daughters will be many. On the back descendants

will be cut off. On the nape of the neck it is mediocre (meks dumda). On the ears the ears

and head are not perfect. On the nose one will encounter a black journey. On the eyes two

beautiful sons who are like the eyes will be born.

These are The head The one The year The one The one The one The one The one The
the years of the who of the who who who who who has appelage
of the one who leads the one who supports kindles washes brings [her] eat of the
girl. delivers bride meets the trivet the fire the face [the food horse
They [the [the bride] [she]
should bride] bride] into the rides
be home
rectified.

Rat Dragon Monkey Ox Ox Monkey Horse Monkey Dragon White

Ox Snake Cock Rat Tiger Snake Sheep Cock Snake Light

Bay

Tiger Horse Dog Hare Hare Tiger Monkey Dog Horse Blue

657
TRANSLATION

Hare Sheep Pig Tiger Dragon Pig Cock Pig Sheep Gray

Dragon Monkey Rat Snake Snake Monkey Dog Rat Monkey Chestnut

Snake Cock Ox Dragon Horse Snake Pig Ox Cock Blaze

Horse Dog Tiger Sheep Sheep Tiger Rat Tiger Dog Dark
brown

Sheep Pig Hare Horse Monkey Pig Ox Hare Pig White

Monkey Rat Dragon Cock Cock Monkey Tiger Dragon Rat Bay with
white
breast
and
white
muzzle
[variegat
ed]

Cock Ox Snake Monkey Dog Snake Hare Snake Ox Fallow

Dog Tiger Horse Pig Pig Tiger Dragon Horse Tiger Tawny
[With a
black tail
and
mane]

Pig Hare Sheep Dog Rat Pig Snake Sheep Hare White

[53r] Also, as for a good day to bring a bride into one's household or marry off a

daughter, the third, fifth, sixth, eighth, eleventh, thirteenth, fourteenth, sixteenth, nineteenth,

twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-fourth, twenty-ninth, and thirtieth days of a great month

are good. The second, third, fifth, eighth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, sixteenth, eighteenth, and

nineteenth days of a small month are good. The twenty-first, twenty-fourth, twenty-sixth, and

twenty-ninth are good. On the seventh or ninth days of either month it is bad. The malevolent

black day, and the days the ginggang and ingpng run are bad. The Horse and Monkey days

are good. The Snake, Dog, and Pig days are bad. These stars are extremely good: Moon,

Water and Gold. The Wood star is fair. These stars are bad: Sun, Fire, and Earth. Rokini,

658
TRANSLATION

Mig, Udaribalguni, Mul, Sadabis, Udaribadaribad, and Suvadi are generally good. These are

good for bringing the bride into the household: Margiar, Burnavasu, Bus, ista, Udarisad,

and Sua(. Do not give away a daughter. These are bad: Kerteg, Anurad, Qasta, Ardar,

Burvasad, Tanista, and Barani.

Also, in order to take a wife, the age of the husband should be known. If someone

with the Rat year171 takes a wife with these ages: fifteen, twenty-seven, and thirty, it is bad.

If someone with the Ox year takes a fifteen, twenty-eight, or twenty-nine year old, it is bad.

If someone with the Tiger year takes a twenty-two year old, it is bad. If someone with the

Hare year takes an eighteen or twenty-three year old it is bad. If someone with the Dragon

year takes a thirteen or twenty-nine year old it is bad. If someone with the Snake year takes

a twenty-one year old it is bad. If someone with a Sheep year takes an eighteen or twenty-two

year old, it is bad. If someone with a Monkey year takes a nineteen or twenty-two year old,

it is bad. If someone with a Cock year takes a twenty-two or twenty-eight year old, it is bad.

If someone with a Dog year takes an eleven, twenty, or twenty-eight year old, it is bad. If

someone with a Pig year takes a twelve or thirty year old, it is bad. If one takes a bride with

these ages, she will separate or die.

Also, as for the bad day which is bad for trigrams, when one should not go in the

direction of the Empress Dayiwang, Queen Qangpan, the Reliance Mother (itgen eke),

abu, nor give anything in the direction of the mouth of the dog of heaven, [53v] when one

should not give an inheritance to a son, nor a dowry to a daughter, the Hare day of the Tiger,

171
I.e., someone born in the Rat year.

659
TRANSLATION

Horse, and Dog months, the Cock day of the Rat, Dragon, and Monkey months, the Rat day

of the Hare, Sheep, and Pig months, and the Horse day of the Ox, Snake, and Cock months

is bad. Also, the Dragon and Snake hours of the Tiger and Monkey months are bad. The

Snake and Pig hours of the Hare and Cock month are bad. The Rat and Horse hours of the

Dragon and Dog months are bad. The Ox and Sheep hours of the Snake and Pig months are

bad. The Tiger and Monkey hours of the Rat and Horse months are bad. And the Hare and

Cock hours of the Ox and Sheep months are bad.

Also, as for a day when a concubine should not be cared for nor allowed into ones

home,172 it is the Dragon and Dog day of the Tiger month; the Snake and Pig day of the Hare

month; the Rat and Horse day of the Dragon month; the Ox and Sheep day of the Snake

month; the Tiger and Monkey day of the Horse month; the Hare and Cock day of the Sheep

month; the Dragon and Dog day of the Monkey month; the Snake and Pig day of the Cock

month; the Rat and Horse day of the Dog month; the Ox and Sheep day of the Pig month; the

Tiger and Monkey day of the Rat month; and the Hare and Cock day of the Ox month. On

these days, if a concubine is attended to or taken in, it is bad for the master [of the house]. If

one brings [a concubine] into a dispassionate household, nine out of ten people will die. It

is an extremely bad day.

As for the direction the bride should face when she dismounts [her horse], if a girl

with a Rat, Ox, or Pig year faces north when she dismounts, it is good. If a girl with a Tiger,

172
Mostaert states that in-e asaraqu kmn is a euphemism for a concubine (MMAD
46, n. 106 ).

660
TRANSLATION

Hare or Dragon year faces east when she dismounts, it is good. If a girl with a Monkey, Cock

or Dog year faces west when she dismounts, it is good. If a girl with a Snake, Horse or Sheep

year faces south when she dismounts, it is good.

As for the hour to have a bride to prostrate herself before the fire, if one has a girl with

a Rat or Horse year prostrate herself before the fire in the Pig hour, it is good. Have a girl

with an Ox or Sheep year prostrate herself before the fire in the Cock hour. [54r] Have a girl

with a Tiger or Monkey year prostrate herself before the fire in the Pig hour. Have a girl with

a Hare or Cock year prostrate herself before the fire in the Dog hour. Have a girl with a

Dragon or Dog year prostrate herself before a fire in the Hare hour. And if one has a girl with

a Snake or Pig year prostrate herself before the fire in the Monkey hour, it is good.

As to a day for a girl to set out on a journey, if a girl with a Rat or Horse year sets out

on a journey to the northeast on the first, thirteenth, or sixteenth, it is good. The nineteenth

or twenty-second is good for a girl with an Ox or Sheep year. Do not look [at her] from

behind [as she rides away]. On the ninth, twenty-first, or twenty-second the northwest is good

for a girl with a Tiger or Monkey year. The fifth or eighteenth is good for a girl with a Hare

or Cock year. The thirteenth or twenty-first is good for a girl with a Dragon or Dog year. And

if a girl with a Snake or Pig year sets out on a journey to the south, on the first, sixteenth, or

twenty-fifth, it is good.

As to a direction in which a bride should set out on her journey, the fortunate way for

a girl with the Snake or Horse year is to the east. The sorrowful way is to the north. The

fortunate way for a girl with a Monkey or Cock year is to the four intermediate directions, of

661
TRANSLATION

which the element is metal. The fortunate way for one with a Tiger or Hare year is to the

north, of which the element is wood. The sorrowful way is to the west. The fortunate way

for one with an Ox, Dragon, Sheep, or Dog year is to the south. The sorrowful way is to the

east. The fortunate way for one with a Rat or Pig year is to the west, of which the element is

water. The sorrowful way is to the four intermediate directions. If one takes a bride who

comes under the li trigram, she is a bride who holds a sickle in her hand. It is bad. It is

especially bad for the bride with a Snake or Horse year. The bride who comes under kun is

a bride who holds everything good and fortunate. She is good. The bride who comes under

dui is a bride who holds a human skeleton. She is moderately good. The bride who comes

under gen is a bride who carries a sack on her back. She is bad for everything. The bride who

comes under kan is one who holds the hearth (odu() in her hands. She is good for

everything. The bride who comes under qian is a bride who holds a Chinese sickle on her

forehead. She is a mirror to all things. [54v] The one who comes under zhen is a bride who

pulls the leg with a hook. She is very good. The bride who comes under sun is one who holds

a braid casing in her hand. If one has her clean the house and cart holding a braid casing in

her hand, it is good. One needs to try to understand the gara(, star, year, month, day and hour

in which the making of a treatment suits or does not suit, in which protection (ibegel) is given

or received.

As to knowing the protection under which a husband and wife are united, protection

is good and will be favorable for those with either Rat, Dragon or Monkey years. It will be

favorable for those with either Ox, Snake, or Cock years. It will be favorable for those with

662
TRANSLATION

either Tiger, Horse, or Dog years. It will be favorable for those with either Hare, Sheep or Pig

years. If [a couple] with these years become husband and wife, their relatives by marriage

will be numerous, and then, moreover, a pure good son will be born [to them].

If two people with Rat years become husband and wife, sons will be many. It is good.

For two Ox years, relatives by marriage will be scarce and rich. It is good. For two Tiger

years relatives by marriage will be few and rich. It is good. For two Hare years sons will be

many and rich. It is good. For two Dragon years relatives by marriage will be few and poor.

For two Snake years sons will be many and rich. It is good. For two Horse years sons will

be many and rich. It is good. For two Sheep years relatives by marriage will be numerous and

rich. It is good. For two Monkey years sons will be numerous and rich. It is good. For two

Cock years sons and relatives by marriage will be scarce and moreover they will be

quarrelsome. It is bad. For two Dog years sons will be few and they will be quarrelsome. it

is bad. For two Pig years sons will be many and rich. It is good.

Also, do not give a daughter with a Rat year to one with a Hare year. Do not give a

daughter with an Ox year to one with a Dragon year. Do not give a daughter with a Tiger year

to one with a Snake year. Do not give a daughter with a Hare year to one with a Horse year.

Do not give a daughter with a Dragon year to one with a Sheep year. Do not give a daughter

with a Snake year to one with a Monkey year. Do not give a daughter with a Horse year to

one with a Cock year. Do not give a daughter with a Sheep year to one with a Dog year. Do

not give a daughter with a Monkey year to one with a Pig year. Do not give a daughter with

a Cock year to one with a Rat year. Do not give someone with a Dog year to one with an Ox

663
TRANSLATION

year. Do not give someone with a Pig year to one with a Tiger year. [55r] Another

item, the black dog of heaven, who is the heaven and earthly master of the years (on), months,

days, hours, quarter-hours, stars, and gara(, will descend. As to why this is so, it is to count

the people and all human beings in general, and to know them. Its procession is equal to that

of the sun and moon. Its body fills three continents. It has the body of a human being, a dog

head, pig snout, bird wings and claws, and a snake tail. Its color is black. In order to

circumambulate Mount Sumeru, it lies on its left ribs and turns with its right ribs [facing the

mountain].173 During the three months of spring its head is in the east. Its mouth is in the

southeast. Its belly is in the south. During the three months of summer its head is in the

south. Its mouth is in the southwest. Its belly is in the west. Its back is in the east. Its tail

is in the north. During the three months of autumn its head is in the west. Its mouth is in the

north. Its belly is in the north. Its tail is in the east. Its back is in the south. During the three

months of winter its head is in the north. Its mouth is in the northeast. Its belly is in the east.

Its tail is in the south. Its back is in the west. On its head do not build a house. On its mouth

do not set out on a campaign. On its back do not take a wife. On its belly do not acquire

animals. On its tail do not take out bones. [55v] On both the head and stomach take a bride.

On the mouth offer sacrifice to land and water. On its back if one sets off on a campaign,

journey, or hunt, builds a house, or sets out bones or a thread cross, it is good. In a Tiger,

Horse, or Dog year the south is good. In a Hare, Sheep, or Pig year the east is good. In a Rat,

173
See Mostaert's translation (MMAD 50).

664
TRANSLATION

Dragon, or Monkey year the northeast is good. In an Ox, Snake or Cock year the northwest

is good. The procession of the dog of heaven is a great affair.

As for Tayisui, throughout the years, it resides in these directions: In the Rat and

Ox years it is in the east. In the Tiger and Hare years it is in the south. In the Dragon and

Snake years it is in the southwest. In the Horse and Sheep years it is in the west. In the

Monkey and Cock years it is in the northwest. In the Dog and Pig years it is in the north.

Also, as for a good day to plant a crop, these are good, Kerteg, Rokini, Margiar,

Burnavasu, Jayitari, Mig, Suvadi, Anurad, Burvasad, Udarisad, Abiji, irvan, or

Udaribadaribad. These stars are good, moon, wood, and earth. The tenth, eleventh, twenty-

fourth, and twenty-fifth are good.

Also, as for a good day to tailor a robe or clothing, the Ox, Horse, Sheep, Dog, and Pig

days are good. These stars are good, moon, water, wood, and gold. These are good, Rokini,

Bus, Burnavasu, Qasta, Jayitari, Suvadi, Sua(, Anurad, Udarisad, Burvabadaribad, and

Udaribadaribad.

Also, as to tailoring a robe, if one finishes immediately on the first day of the month,

it is good. The second and third are good. The fourth is bad. On the fifth it will ignite from

the spark of a fire. On the sixth it will be left on the ground. [56r] On the seventh mice will

gnaw it. On the eighth one will worry. On the ninth one will become exceedingly joyful. The

tenth is fortunate. It is good. On the eleventh it will ignite from the spark of a fire. On the

twelfth it will be seized by mice. On the thirteenth there will be suffering. On the fourteenth

one will be fortunate. On the fifteenth there will be suffering. On the sixteenth it will be

665
TRANSLATION

prosperous and good. On the seventeenth there will be a profit. On the eighteenth it will be

favorable for many commoners. On the nineteenth it will be left on the ground. On the

twentieth many people will have bad intentions. On the twenty-first it will be unfavorable.

On the twenty-second it is bad. The collar will come off (kjgn (arqu). On the twenty-

third one will become exceedingly joyful. On the twenty-fourth there will be an illness. On

the twenty-fifth one will be fortunate. On the twenty-sixth there will be harm and ada

[demons]. On the twenty-seventh one will worry. On the twenty-eighth there will be

suffering. On the twenty-ninth there will be the suffering of separation. On the thirtieth it

will be prosperous and good.

Another item, as for a good day to wear a robe, these stars are good, Wood, Water, and

Gold. Good fortune will increase. On the Sun star there will be loss of possessions and

animals. The Moon, Fire, and Earth stars are bad. If one wears a new robe on these days it

is good, Rokini, Burnavasu, Suvadi, Sua(, Anurad, Udarisad, Abiji, irvan, Tanista, or

Aivani. Ardar and Mig are bad. The other stars are middling. Do not perform an act on the

star of one's own birth. Making a family or personal alliance will bring misfortune.

Also, as for a good day to mix medicine, these stars are good, Sun, Moon, Wood, or

Gold. These are good, Kerteg, Bus, Margiar, Qasta, Jayitari, Suvadi, Tanista,

Burvabadarapad, Udaribadaribad, or Rivadi. The Cock day is good. The Sheep day is bad.

The Hare and Cock days are good for giving medicine. The Snake is bad. The Mul star or

the fourth is bad.

666
TRANSLATION

[56v] Also, as for a good day to teach writing and mathematics or to allow one to

become a lama, on the Sun star one becomes brilliantly intelligent. On the Wood star one

becomes extremely knowledgeable. On the Gold star the advantage is great. Besides these

three stars all others are bad. These are good, Margiar, Burnavasu, Bus, Mig, Udaribalguni,

Suvadi, Sua(, Anurad, ista, Burvasad, or Udarisad. irvan is bad. All the rest are fair.

If one becomes a monk [toyin] on the eighth day of the month having been protected in

accordance with the custom of the clergy, one will find possessions and food. On the fifteenth

the sage will become learned in the knowledge of the rites. On the sixteenth it will be suitable

for the intellect. These days are good, the second, third, fifth, tenth, eleventh, and thirteenth.

In the final ten days of the month and in the evening hours one's possessions will be used up.

It is bad.

Also, as for the distinction of good and bad days to receive a consecration, the good

days for receiving a consecration fall over seven months, from the fifteenth day of the middle

month of autumn until the fifteenth day of the final month of spring. These days are good,

the first, fifth, seventh, eighth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, fourteenth, or fifteenth. If one

receives a consecration under these stars it is good, Sun, Moon, Wood, or Gold. These six

nakshatra are good for receiving a consecration, Bus, Asli(, Sua(, Qasta, ista, or Aivani.

Also, it was preached in the Crow Tantra174 that if the nakshatra is good, [a consecration]

should be received during the final ten days of the month.

174
Possibly this refers to the Crow Tantra in the Tanjur.

667
TRANSLATION

On the day the obalang-un tngri roams about, one should not take medicine. Also,

a prohibition was preached against treating an illness on the Dog day of any month.

[57r] On a Rat day do not look at omens. If one cuts hair it will be prosperous and

good. If festivity emanates from one's home, visitors will come. If a dog barks a writing will

come from an ancient saint (qutu(), [who lived] long-ago in a far-away place. If a crow or

magpie calls, it is good. An act will take place. If one burns a robe or if a mouse bites, there

will be ada and todqor [demons which bring obstacles]. If one drinks wine a disorderly act

will take place.

On the Ox day one should not receive a promotion. One should not wear a new hat.

If one cuts hair or trims the nails, meritorious advantage will be great. If festivity emanates

from one's home, visitors will come from a distant place. If a crow calls, good joyful news

will arrive. If one burns a robe or a mouse bites, it is good.

On the Tiger day one should not offer sacrifice to anything. If one cuts hair, ada and

todqor will appear. If one trims the nails, one will find possessions and chattels. If a crow

calls there will be loss to possessions and chattels. If one burns a robe, is bitten by a mouse,

or a dog barks, it is extremely good. If one sneezes, visitors will come to one's house.

On the Hare day one should not dig a well. If one cuts hair, it will turn white. If one

trims the nails there will be an act of seeing the bones of death. If festivity emanates from

one's home, a merchant will come from afar. If a dog barks, one will encounter a bad

commoner. [57v] If one burns a robe, a mouse bites, or a crow calls, it is extremely good for

any kind of act.

668
TRANSLATION

On the Dragon day one will not understand for a long time. If one cuts the hair there

will be a quarrel among a great many people. If festivity emanates from one's home, visitors

will come. If a dog barks, there will be damage within the house. If one burns a robe, a

mouse bites, or a crow calls, it is good for any kind of act.

On the Snake day one should not set out on a distant journey. If one trims the nails

or a crow calls there will be a bad argument. If a dog barks, a thief will enter the home. If a

robe burns, [news] will be heard of the death of a girl. If one sneezes the meritorious

advantage will be great. If festivity emanates from one's home, there will be rejoicing.

On the Horse day one should not abuse or beat anybody. If one cuts the hair, there will

be harm to the eyes. If one trims the nails, good news will be heard. If festivity emanates

from one's home, a distant visitor will come. If a crow calls, respectable visitors will come.

If one burns a robe, one will worry. If a mouse bites, there will be sickness and plague. If one

sneezes, life will be long.

On the Sheep day one should not take medicine. If one cuts the hair, sons and

grandchildren will flourish. If one trims the nails or sneezes one will meet a beloved person.

If festivity emanates from one's home, it will be a good omen. [58r] If a dog barks or if a

crow calls, one will find possessions and chattels. If a mouse bites a robe, one will meet with

wine and food. If one sneezes, it is a good sign.

On the Monkey day one should not sit at a new table or chair. If one cuts the hair, one

will accomplish one's intended act. If one trims the nails, one will find possessions and

chattels. If a crow caws, grain and tubers become scanty, and then there will be ada and

669
TRANSLATION

todqor (demons which bring obstacles). If one burns a robe or is bitten by a mouse, bad news

will come. If one sneezes, visitors will come.

On the Cock day one should not hold a feast, invite a guest, kill a chicken, nor eat

meat. If one cuts the hair, there will be a quarrel. If one trims the nails, good news will be

heard. If a crow caws, one will find a gain. If a dog barks, one's mind will not rest. If one

burns or a robe or is bitten by a mouse, an act will be accomplished. If one sneezes, there will

be illness.

On the Dog day one should not feed, kill, beat nor acquire a dog. If one cuts the hair,

it will be prosperous and good. If one trims the nails, one will set off for a distant place. If

one throws away a robe, there will be goodness and rejoicing. If festivity emanates from one's

home, visitors will come. If one sneezes a frightening act will occur. If a dog barks, it is

good. If a crow calls, one will meet with a feast. If one burns a robe, there will be rejoicing.

On the Pig day one should not give away a daughter, kill a pig, nor eat meat. If one

cuts the hair, an animal will be found. If one trims the nails, it is good. If festivity emanates

from one's home, there will be ada and todqor. If one burns a robe or a mouse bites a

dangerous act will occur. [58v] If one sneezes, a desire will be fulfilled.

Also, as a soldier or nomad, do not go in the direction of the Heroes of the Earth. Do

not give away or receive a daughter or bride. Do not set out on a journey nor take out bones.

Any kind of act should be avoided in these [directions]. During the Rat, Ox, and Pig years

the Heroes of the Earth are in the north. During the Tiger, Hare, and Dragon years the Heroes

670
TRANSLATION

of the Earth are in the east. During the Snake, Horse, and Sheep years they are in the south.

During the Monkey, Cock, and Dog years they are in the west.

Also, as to the Qo(osun qumq-a, during the Tiger month it is in the west; the Hare,

north; the Dragon, east; the Snake, south; the Horse, west; the Sheep, north; the Monkey, east;

the Cock, south; the Dog, west; the Pig, north; the Rat, east; and in the Ox month it is in the

south.

Also, as to the Spirit of the Earth, on the Tiger, Snake, Monkey, and Pig days it is on

the sky. On the Rat, Horse, and Cock day it is in between [the earth and sky]. If one disturbs

the ground on these seven days there will be no harm. Because the spirit of the earth descends

to the earth and water on the Dragon, Ox, Sheep, and Hare days, one should not disturb the

ground [on these days].

Also, as to biao, do not disturb the ground on the first, eighth, tenth, eleventh,

fifteenth, twenty-second, twenty-ninth, or thirtieth day of any month. It is bad.

[59r]

Names of the Nakshatra These are the names of those The head of their protective
[stars] which indicate the animal
nakshatra.
Kerteg Constellation of the gate of Monkey's
the god who does battle
Rokini Constellation which makes a Dog's
rich person poor
Margisar Constellation of uniform Fox's
gentle appearance

671
TRANSLATION

Ardar Constellation of the demons Cow's

by which a thing is lost in the
water
Burnavasu Constellation which makes Pig's
the way of the traveller
difficult
Bus Constellation of the lord of Goat's
solitary and
orphaned people
Asli( Constellation which [makes] Snake's
a line to the northwest
Mig Constellation of the albin Snake's
[demon] bandits
Burvabalguni Constellation of all those who Peacock's
cry out
Udaribalguni Constellation of the corpse- Bear's
like black messenger
Qasta Constellation in which wood Snake's
is encircled by flaming fire.
Jayitari Constellation of the vastness Tiger's
of a stag's antlers
Suvadi Constellation in which to Stag's
accomplish something
Sua( Constellation in which to Tiger's
build a treasury
Anurad Constellation in which one Bear's??
woman crushes nine men
ista Constellation which makes Monkey's
the line of the gods
Mul Constellation in which a king Peacock's
is born and dies

672
TRANSLATION

Burvasad Prosperous constellation Lion's

possessing the seven good
fortunes
Udarisad Constellation of the square Yellow Bear's
basket
Abiji Constellation of the singing Stag's
orphan
irvan Constellation of those who in Horse's
vanquishing are crushed
Tanista Constellation of the simnus Yellow Bird's
[demons] who hunt
Sadabis Constellation of the meat- Mule's
eating jackal
Burvabadaribad Constellation of the great Snake's
Sun-a
Udaribadaribad Constellation of the meat- Mule's
eating elephant
Rivadi Constellation which cuts off Horse's
descendants
Aivani Constellation of one person Ram's
who crushes the enemy
[menacing] the frontier
Barani Constellation of the eliy-e Ox's
[demons] who seize people

As to the four days which These are the days of the

separate middle of spring and fall [the
equinoxes] and the end of
summer and winter [the
solstices]. Abstain from any
kind of good deed.

[59v]

673
TRANSLATION

Nakshatra names, number of stars, figure and element

Kerteg Six stars Like a scissors Fire

Rokini Seven stars Like a cart Earth
Margisar Three stars Like the head of an Air
antelope
Ardar Two stars Like two flowers Water
Burnavasu Eight stars Like the ridgepole of Air
a house
Bus Three stars Like a turtle Fire
Asli( Five stars Like the head of a Water
snake
Mig Six stars Like a horse Fire
Burvabalguni Two stars Like a tree Fire
Udaribalguni Two stars Like a chair Air
Qasta Five stars Like a hand Air
Jayitari One star Like a lotus Air
Suvadi Four stars Like a cintmani Air
Sua( Four stars Like the head of a Fire
goat
Anurad Five stars Like the head of an Earth
elephant
ista Three stars Like the holes of a Earth
corpse [eyes and
nose]
Mul Three stars Like the mane of a Water
lion
Burvasad Four stars Like a stupa Water
Udarisad Four stars Like pincers Earth

674
TRANSLATION

Abiji Three stars Like the head of an Earth

elephant
irvan Three stars Like a bellows Earth
Tanista Four stars Like a bird Water
Sadabis Two stars Like flowers Earth
Burvabadaribad One star Like a tree Fire
Udaribadaribad Two stars Like trees Water
Rivadi Thirty-two stars Like a boat Water
Aivani Three stars Like a horse's head Air
Barani Three stars Like a sharp-edged Fire
implement

Also, as to the days when possessions run out and fortune diminishes, they are one day

prior to the coming of the pneuma of the four hours.

Also, as to a day of great loss, [it is,] 1st month, Horse (i.e., Horse day of the first

month, etc); 2nd, Sheep; 3rd, Monkey; 4th, Pig; 5th, Hare; 6th, Horse; 7th, Cock; 8th, Rat;

9th, Tiger; 10th, Pig; 11th Monkey; 12th, Snake.

[60r]

father door

younger sibling hearth

mother place of residence

son-in-law gate

675
TRANSLATION

This is the table in which the powerful son-in-law kneels down.175 If the month is great count

clockwise [starting] from son-in-law. If the month is small count counterclockwise starting

from gate. Door, hearth, place of residence, and gate are good. If one falls on the others it

is bad (l bolumui).

As for the talismans, they are these five things, the quill feather of a raven, a turtle's

shell, a porcupine quill, the horn of an antelope, and the tusk of a wild boar.

Also, as for the empty year, it is on the Rat day of the First month; the Ox day of the

Second month; the Tiger of the Third; the Hare of the Fourth; the Dragon of the Fifth; the

Snake of the Sixth; the Horse of the Seventh; the Sheep of the Eighth; the Monkey of the

Ninth; the Cock of the Tenth; the Dog of the Eleventh; and the Pig day of the Twelfth month.

On the Horse day of the First month, there will be yellow dust; 2nd, Snake; 3rd, Ox;

4th, Horse; 5th, Snake; 6th, Ox; 7th, Horse; 8th, Snake; 9th, Ox; 10th, Horse; 11th, Snake;

12th, Ox. On the Cock day of the First month there will be red dust; 2nd, Tiger; 3rd, Rat; 4th,

Cock; 5th, Tiger; 6th, Rat; 7th, Cock; 8th, Tiger; 9th, Rat; 10th, Cock; 11th, Tiger; 12th, Rat.

On these days of yellow or red dust, if one goes for a visit, someone will die. If one builds

a house, on the one hundredth day it will burn in a fire. If one gives away a daughter or brings

a bride into one's household, on the one hundredth day she will die.

[60v] Another item, as to the day for the opening of the sprinkling aspersions of mare's

milk ceremony (suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr), on the Cock, Rat,

175
For a similar diagram in the preclassical sources, see Franke 1964: 16; for a
description of the various nomenclature for sons-in-law see Mostaert, DO, p. 439b.

676
TRANSLATION

and Pig days of the First month, and the Rat, Ox, Dragon, Snake, Monkey, Horse, Dog, and

Pig days of the Second month it is good. On the Rat, Ox, Hare, and Monkey days of the Third

month it is good. On the Dragon, Horse, Sheep, and Monkey days of the Fourth month it is

good. On the Tiger, Hare, Dragon, Snake Horse, Sheep, Cock, and Pig days of the Fifth it is

good. On the Tiger, Hare, Dragon, Snake, Monkey, and Dog days of the Sixth it is good. On

the Cock day of the Seventh it is extremely good. On the Rat, Ox, Tiger, Hare, Cock, and Pig

days of the Eighth it is good. On the Hare, Dragon, Monkey, and Pig days of the Ninth it is

good. On the Hare, Dragon, Monkey, and Cock days of the Tenth it is good. On the Ox and

Tiger days of the Eleventh it is good. On the Ox, Tiger, Hare, horse, Sheep, Monkey, Cock,

and Dog days of the Twelfth it is good. It was told that on these days, known as "open," if one

offers one aspersion (abda(ur sauli er<e>gbes) all burqan and gods will rejoice and

acknowledge it as good. On other days, even though one offers sacrifice with the broth of a

white sheep (a(an qonin igs-ber takibau), they will not notice it.

Another item, when one counts the virtues of the asterisms, Rokini, Burnavasu,

Burvasad, and Sadabis are the asterisms of good fortune. One should not distribute

possessions or animals. Ardar, ista, and Tanista are the asterisms of travelers. Travelers

should not leave. Bus, Suvadi, Rivadi, and Udarisad are the asterisms of accomplishing

[magic]. They are good for the deeds of the recipients [of a magical rite]. Burvabalguni,

irvan, Mul and Barani are the asterisms of death. It is told that they are bad for all acts.

Burvabadaribad, Udaribadaribad, Qasta, and Abiji are the asterisms of Erlig. [...] for the

dharma of the dead. Sua(, Auvani, Mig, and Udaribalguni are the asterisms of enemies.

677
TRANSLATION

If one encounters an enemy, it is good. Kerteg, Margiar, Jayitari, and Anurad are the

meritorious asterisms. They are good for performing pious and meritorious acts.

As for classifying the twenty-eight nakshatra, there are eight nakshatra in which good

fortune resides. In the east, Margiar and Bus; in the south, Mig and Suvadi; in the west,

Burvasad and Udarisad. In the north, Udaribadaribad and Aivani. As for personal

nakshatra, there are, Ardar, and Burnavasu; Qasta and Jayitari; Anurad and Tanista; [61r]

and Sadabis and Burvabadaribad. As for the four nakshatra which cut off descendants, they

are, Asli( and Sua( and Abiji and Barani. As for the four tan nakshatra (indicating

significance for those of rank, to whom tan is used as an honorific), they are Rokini and

Udaribalguni and Mul and Rivadi. As for the four widow nakshatra, they are, Kerteg, ista,

Burvabalguni, and irvan. As for classifying the twenty-eight nakshatra by means of the

elements, these are wood: Margiar, Ardar, Burnavasu, Bus, Kerteg, and Rokini. These are

fire: Mig, Burvabalguni, Udaribalguni, Qasta, Jayitari, and Suvadi. These are metal [altan]:

Anurad, ista, Mul, Burvasad, Udarisad, and Abiji. These are water: Tanista, Sadabis,

Burvabadaribad, Udaribadaribad, Rivadi, and Aivani. And these have the essence of earth:

Asli(, Sua(, irvan, and Barani.

As for classifying the nakshatra by means of their ancestry, these four nakshatra, Bus,

Qasta, Abiji, and Aivani, are of the Four Wheels clan. On these days if one treats an illness,

plans one's actions, recites a dh~ran}, looks for profit, preaches the dharma, or takes a vow

of fasting, it is good for these acts of lofty accomplishment. If rain falls, afterwards there will

be a drought. If a son is born, his physical appearance having become handsome and his

678
TRANSLATION

speech elegant, he will have a ready intellect, many ideas, and be skeptical (itegel gei). He

will live eighty years. These four constellations, Rokini, Udaribalguni, Burvasad, and

Udaribadaribad, are of the Unshakeable [ingbatu] clan. Under these nakshatra if one

ascends the throne (qan oro sa(ubasu. [=qan oron-a sa(ubasu]), receives a promotion,

investigates new land, builds a town or city, or works affairs in general, [it is good.] It is good

for rites to pacify the prophets (iiten tbidk iles). If rain falls it will turn to drizzle. If a

son is born he will not speak falsely. He will live eighty years. These five nakshatra,

Margiar, Asli(, Jayitari, Anurad and Rivadi, are of the Eminently Accommodating clan.

They are good for peaceful acts of offering sacrifice to the ancestors, holding power,

assembling in harmony, revering a lama or incarnation, and hanging an ornament. If rain

falls, afterwards rain will be plentiful. [61v] If a son is born he will have a ready intellect,

elegant speech, even thoughts, and he will be well known for his good name. If he does not

die at twenty-eight years he will live sixty years. Ardar, Burvabalguni, ista, and Mul are the

four nakshatra of the Severe and Fearsome clan. On these days if one sets off on a campaign,

it is good for surrounding the city of ones enemy, going to pillage and steal, cutting down

forests, or any kind of fearsome deed. If rain falls, [rain] will fall again thereafter. If a son

is born, he will have a severe and fearsome character. If he lives past his twentieth year, he

will live to be seventy years. These nakshatra, Burnavasu, Suvadi, irvan and Tanista, are

of the Vacillating Restless clan. On these days it is good for going someplace not far away,

doing business, or performing restless acts. If rain falls it will fall suddenly. If a son is born

he will have a lying, forgetful, bad character. His life-span will be eighty years. These, Mig,

679
TRANSLATION

Burvasad, Burvabadaribad, and Barani, are of the Eminently Just clan. These are good for

making a family or personal alliance, buying an animal, acquiring a slave or servant, making

a [rabnas] consecration and meritorious acts. If rain falls it will fall again thereafter. If a son

is born he will have a straightforward character, and, having become a craftsman, he will live

sixty years. Kerteg and Sua( are of the Firm and Soft clans. On these days if one refines

jewels and so forth or burns a fire mandala, it is good. If one looks for profit, it is fair. If rain

falls, it will fall again thereafter. If a son is born, having suffered in his youth, he will be

happy in his old age. Under the first four nakshatra one should not repeat a consecration (adis

l daru(ulqu). Under the final four constellations one should not make a blessing.

680
 GLOSSARY

aa Tib. letter, a: ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; [Yang Gung-ii

kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek] belgeinu ula(an sg bui 47v.

aba mordabasu if one sets off on a hunt (55v).

aba(-a n. paternal uncle; eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu if one buries the bones of ones

paternal uncle (42v).

abalabasu/ablabasu 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one hurts

through magic incantations; abala- to hunt in a drive must be distinguished from abla- to

seduce; to hurt through magic; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ablabasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ablabasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is if one hunts in a drive, but perhaps if one hurts through

magic incantations is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

abdara n. trunk, chest; kger-n abdara (coffin): kger-n abdara kibes 37r.

Abidarm-a [S. abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon]; name of the third section of the Buddhist

basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of the Buddhist scriptures; Mong. ayima( saba

(Lessing 1159); deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal the tenets of the supreme Abhidharma (2v).

Abiji/Abaji [S. Abiji]; 20th nakshatra; 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es Abiji sara 14r;

Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r; Abiji na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v;

timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu 33v; nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i

681
eglgi Abiji buyu 34r; Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui 37v; im[n]us-un

ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji qoyar 45r; ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; mr (arqu edrn sayin

kemebes [. . .]Abiji [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .]Abiji [. . .]

sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Abaji [. . .] sayin 55v; Abaji [. . .] edd

in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; [. . .] Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v; drben r-e tasura(san

odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Anurad istan Mul

Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun

drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

abiig [S. abhisheka; T. dbang, dbang bskur]; consecration, initiation, ordination; for these

rites, see RRS, 578-585; arbun tabun-a a(-un krdn- abiig talbi(san sayin a( bui 10r;

abiig ab- 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v, 56v, 56v; abaig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v;

abaig abqu edrn sayin 56v; abaig abqu sayin edr 56v; takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r; abiig

kiged qutu( oroi(ulqu iles 38r.

abiig abubasu if one receives an initiation (11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v).

abiig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu If one receives initiation or guidance (26v).

ablabasu

[see above under abalabasu]

abqui [S. updna; Tib. len pa]; seizing, clinging; the 9th phase of the twelve links of

dependent origination (itn barildaqui); in the calendar united with the dog of the twelve

animals: noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

682
GLOSSARY

abubasu if one acquires something (34v).

ai grandson, granddaughter; nephew, niece; qula(ayii-yin ai inu i(au ggmi 31v;

kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r; kbegn ainar delgerek 57v; kbegn ainar-i ber-e

sal(abasu 34r.

ai r-e result, consequence; to(an-u a'i r-e 1v; sayin ma(u ai r-e 4r; ai r-e inu mai

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu

mai sayin bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v; ai r-e btk 46r; ai r-e-yin

uaral-iyar bolumui 46v.

ada [Uy. ada]; evil spirit, demon, devil; object of aversion; nuisance; obstacle, hindrance;

Nebesky-Wojkowitz describes these demons as spirits who attack especially children and who

are therefore similar to Tib. chung sri" (ODT 539). This type of demon was absorbed into

Tibetan shamanism and Buddhism through Mongolian and especially Buriat shamanism. Cf.

ODT 539. Bawden, citing Sandschejew, describes these demons thus:

According to Buriat tradition, one of the souls of a dead person, having been
captured or eaten up by the spirits, ends its existence, leaves the body and
becomes a boxolde, Khalkha boxuldui, or an ada, and establishes itself in a
reptile, and is particularly harmful to children.

He notes that Nebesky-Wojkowitz connects ada with Tib. chung sri and adds that it is usually

connected with Tib. gdon. Cf. Bawden, SE I, p. 234, n. 58. kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r;

qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; qorin ir(u(an-a qoor

ada bolqu 56r; ada-du krtey 50r; ada-du uaraqu 50r.

683
GLOSSARY

ada todqor demons, obstacles; obstacle creating demons; see ODT, 90; ada todqor i(ul'qu-

yin na(idar 29r; qulu(an-a qaabasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; sn kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu

57r; keriy-e kegbes [. . .] ada todqor bolqu 58r.

ada(ula- v.t. to tend cattle; qonin ada(ula(san kmn 4v.

adala- to obsess, bewitch, bedevil; kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r; okin trbes erketen-

dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui

26v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v.

adis [shortened from S. adhishthna, see adistid] n. blessing, benediction, consecration; cf.

RRS, 265; drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v.

adis daru(ul- to repeat a blessing; see Mostaert, MMAD, 65, note 132; Mostaert, DO,

124b, 406b (under jusu); drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v.

adistid [S. adhishthna, Tib. byin gyis brlabs pa] n. blessing, benediction, consecration;

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

adqu 1. handful, a unit of measure; isn adqu iroi 22r; 2. a unit of time (8.64 seconds);

nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi

bui 6r.

adu(usun/ada(usun/adusun n. [S. tryak; Tib. byol-song]; animal, animals, livestock;

animals are one of the six forms of existence; see RRS, 126; ada(usun abubasu 21v; adusun

abubasu 22v; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ada(usun

srglebes 21v; adu(usun s[]rglebes 32r; adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v; adu(usun

sal(an srglebes 36r; ada(usun/adu(usun ibqarabasu 22r, 27r; ada(usun ba ed ibqarabasu

684
GLOSSARY

23r; ed ada(usun/adu(usun ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ada(usun gbes 23r,

26v; adu(usun gbes 30r; ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v; eremdeg-dr ada(usun gbes 31r;

ed adu(usun nemey 25v; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun buu g 26r; ed

adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; adu(usun quriyabasu 26v; adu(usun ba okin gbes abubasu 29v;

(aar kdelbes adu(usun trglten-dr ma(u 31r; mal adu(usun gbes 31v; kmn-e

adu(usun gbes 36v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r; adu(usun gki iles

46r; adu(usun sr dalalbasu 46v; kebili-tr adu(usun buu ab 55r; ada(usun olqu 58r;

du(usun qudalduqui 61v; (aar kdelbes adu(usun-dur ma(u 31r; adu(usun-dur qoor

qoromi yeke boluyu 38r; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; adu(usun-i in-e

kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r; adu(usun-i srglebes 37r; mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa(

mr (arbasu 24r; ada(usun-u sr dalalbasu 31r.

ada(usun abubasu if one takes an animal (21v).

adu(usun ba okin gbes abubasu if one gives or takes an animal or girl (29v).

adusun abubasu if one takes an animal (22v).

a(la( secluded, solitary, remote, desolate; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; see RRS, 433.

a(ula mountain: drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r; (aar kdelbes a(ula ebderemi

29v; a(ula-aa modun eribes l oldaqu 47v; Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a

kebte bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v,

32v; a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun ali bui 32v; Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar

Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen [. . .] 32v; Smber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu

38v.

685
GLOSSARY

a(ula-aa modun eribes if one seeks wood from a mountain (47v).

a(ur [Ch. qi] n. steam, vapor; breath; pneuma; atmosphere; a weather term; the 24 joints and

breaths (Palmer 1986: 64-66; Ho 1966: 53-54); il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r; edr sni-

yin a(ur 5v; qabur namarun a(ur basa tegnilen bolumui 6r; tngri (aar-un qorin drben

a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r; sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-gei bges tere saban sara

bolumui 6v; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r;

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad 13r; (aar-tur qala(un-u

a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r; drben a(-un a(ur oroqu 59v.

a(ur tegerm-e n. mortar and mill; a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; see G. Kara,

1979: 198; 1984: 349.

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu if one erects a mortar or mill (36r, 36v, 37r).

a(urqai mine; granary, silo; nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i (odun) 33r,

33v; a(urqai bulabasu 42v; a(urqai erbes 42v.

aar(-a stallion; aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua

talbibasu 35r.

aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel or bull; according

to a native informant, Ts. Baatar, when the breeding males are selected from a herd there is

a special rite performed over them. Likely it is not only the selection of the animals but the

rite, itself, referred to here (25r, 25r, 26r).

aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel, bull or ram

(35r).

686
GLOSSARY

ala( variegated; solbi(san ala( iruqai 20r; ala( nidn bui 20v; ala( dusul 20v, 43v; ala(

debisker 20v, 43r; ala( noqai-tai teyim kmn 24v; ala( debel buu edke buu ems 35r.

albin/alban [Tib. bstan] demon, devil, evil spirit, sprit; cf. SE I 246: albin salm-a-bar

kliki na(idar 27v; Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u [=albin-u] na(idar 29v; albin-u

degeremei odun 59r.

albin salm-a the devils net (RRS, 432); albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar 27v.

alaqu [Ordos dialect (DO, 17b)]; nom. fut.; will move the legs: (aar kdelbes l

alaqu 28r.

aliba burqan-u i(ul(an iledbes performs rites for the assembly of various buddhas

(26v).

alim-a n. pear; in Ordos and southern Mongolian languages alim-a means pear; elsewhere

it means apple; when alima = pear, almurad = apple: alim-a giles terigten imis

ur(umui 13r.

alqu n. pace; dolo(an alqu (aar-a 23v.

alqum n. a unit of measure, pace, i.e., a yard; nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen

gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; nara ingge arban

alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v.

alta(n) 1. gold, golden; altan mngg qudaldubasu 26r; (uyirani kmn-dr altan

ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; altan maltabasu 34v; altan buu sri 35r; altan ordo mr

(arbasu sayin 49r; ula(an altatu debel 34v 2. one of the five elements (Ch. jin/chin); rn-e

687
GLOSSARY

g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r; Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad

Abaji eden altan bui 61r.

Altan gerel the Suvarnaprabhsa-stra; Altan gerel ungi 42v.

Altan odun Venus; Friday; 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v,

46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; Altan odun kemebes keig

erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23v.

altan maltabasu if one mines gold (34v).

altan mngg qudaldubasu if one sells gold or silver (26r).

altan ordo the golden palace; see Dor, v. 6, p. 11, v. 9, p. 21; altan ordo mr (arbasu

sayin 49r.

altatu golden; ula(an altatu debel 34v.

altain goldsmith; (aar kdelbes altain-a ma(u bui 28v.

ama(n) [Ch. kou/kou] mouth, opening, aperture; as with the term egde (Ch. men gate),

refers to a celestial opening through which spirits exert their influence; similarly personifies

a specific star or star group in a constellation as in the mouth of the black dog of heaven

(tngri-yin noqay-yin aman); also commonly found in divination diagrams: tngri-yin noqay-yin

aman-du buu g 53r; er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola 52v; aman inu doron-a emn-e 55r;

aman inu emn-e rn-e 55r; aman inu rn-e umara 55r; aman inu doron-a umara 55r; aman-

688
GLOSSARY

a (aar usun-i taki 55v; aman-dur r-e gei bolu(ad ge da(un bolqu 52v; aman-tur ge

da(un uaram 52v; aman-dur irig buu morda 55r 2. word, speech, news; aman aldabasu 34v;

kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v; kelen aman-du oroqu 50r; yeke kmn- kele aman bolqu 57v;

ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v.

aman aldabasu if one takes an oath, makes a promise (34v).

amatu sn-e ?milk at the mouth; perhaps tianru/tien-ju (Mathews 6362, 3144), a single star

(: Librae) at the mouth of gang/kang, the 2nd xiu (Ho 1966: 83): yeke amatu sn-e-dr morin

buu dobtul 33v; amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r.

Amindiu-a [S. Amitbha; Mong. a(lai gei gerelt]; the fourth dhyni-Buddha and the

ethereal form of kyamuni (see Getty, 37-39); Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar

naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r.

amidu ile life rites: amidu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile-dr sayin 29v.

amin(-u) saki(ulsun life protection; a ritual for the protection of life (Beyer, p. 55).

amin(-u) oli( saki(ulsun ransom protection of life; a ritual in which figurines usually

made of dough are used to rid one of evil spirits causing illness (Lessing, 1070); amin oli(

saki(ulsun iledbes 36v, 36v, 37r.

amila- to enliven or animate something, i.e., by performing certain rites (Lessing 1070);

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v.

amisqaqui [S. prna]; the act of breathing, respiration; a measure of time; four seconds is

the length of time between the breaths of an ignorant commoner (bertegin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin a(uraki); In Indian sources, one respiration is the time occupied in pronouncing

689
GLOSSARY

ten long syllables (Burgess 1859: 149); for the gods (tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui) the interval

is 360 times longer or 24 minutes; in Indian astrology the time of the gods is 360 times

longer than that of man; thus one sidereal year is a day and a night to the gods (Burgess 1859:

152; Stone 1981: 52-53): bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban

a(un iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r; ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen me 5v; tere

kemebes tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu bol- 5v; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi

bolumui 5v.

amu(ulang [S. sukha; Tib. bde ba]; enjoyment, bliss; syn., ir(alang, ant. obalang; deged

amu(ulang 1v, 38r; amu(ulang ir(alang-i trglk 2v; amu(ulang bolu(ad 37v;

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v.

amurling(ui [S. nta, harsha; Tib. zhi ba, rangs pa]; quiet, peaceful; joyful, happy;

amurling(ui iles (keyi-) 18r, 41v, 45r, 46r, 61r.

ana(a- to treat (an illness); ebedin krtebes ana(aquy-a berke 40r.

anda sworn brother; friend; [Ch. bai dixiong/pai ti-hsiung (see Dor, v. 5, p. 497-499)]:

quda anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; qudda anda bolulibasu 28r, 28r, 29r,

31r, 32r; quda anda eribes 31r.

anggir a kind of yellow duck; anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r.

Anurad [S. anurdh]; the 15th nakshatra; 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 34r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r; saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu- 18r, 19r; qorin drben-e

690
GLOSSARY

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; Anurad na(idar

29r; Anurad-du deged idi olqu boluyu 38r.

aq-a elder brother; elder relative; elder: aq-a yeke kmn 4v; aq-a deg 30r; aqa deg

qoyar kmn uirau i(au ggmi 25v; aq-a deg qoyar teriglen qula(uyu 26r; bombo

aq-a deg qoya(ula i(au ggmi 26r; aq-a kmn- iles-dr sayin 30r.

arad [used as sing. and pl., originally pl. of aran] commoner: bertegin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin a(uraki 5r; (aar kdelbes yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v; olan arad okiqu

56r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un

erge-dr oro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v; ma(u arad-lu(-a ol(oqu 57r.

aran man, person, commoner: ma(u aran-lu(-a uirabasu 22v.

arban ten: arban 37r, 38v, 39v, 44r, 55v; arban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; ine(-yin) arban

38r, 38r, 53r, 56v, 56v, 58v; arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen

qubi bui 6r; arban alqum 6v, 6v; Arban sara 17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v; arban kmn 53v;

arban-a leyit sayin 56r.

arban dolo(an seventeen; the seventeenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 44v, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56r;

arban dolo(an-a 39r, 39r, 44v, 44v, 56r.

691
GLOSSARY

arban drben fourteen; the fourteenth day: 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 38r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

56r, 56v.

arban (urban thirteen; the thirteenth day: 2r, 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v, 56v.

arban ir(u(an sixteen; the sixteenth day: 3r, 5v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v.

arban isn nineteen; the nineteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

arban naiman eighteen; the eighteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

arban nigen eleven: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v; Arban nigen sara 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

692
GLOSSARY

arban nigen the eleventh day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v.

Arban nigen sara the Eleventh month: 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

arban qoyar twelve: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v,

39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 53r, 56r, 56v; Arban qoyar

sara 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r, 6v, 7v, 32v, 41v, 60r, 60v; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar

sarayin o(tu edr 47r; arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek 47r; arban qoyar sarayin modun gokimoi 48r; arban qoyar itn barildaqui

2v, 2v; arban qoyar a( 6r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r;

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; arban qoyar il 34r; na(idar-lu(-a

arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v; arban qoyar ein 35v; arban qoyar

gdanm-a 38v; arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene bui 50r;

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v.

arban qoyar the twelfth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v,

37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 53r, 56r, 56v.

arban qoyar a( the twelve hours: 6r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek

krdn 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v.

arban qoyar edr the twelve days: arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi

ek krdn ene bui 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v.

693
GLOSSARY

arban qoyar ein the twelve lords (35v); a Chinese cycle of twelve days; it belongs to an

ancient astrological system, known as jianchu (after the first two terms in the cycle) that dates

to at least the Western Han (Allred, 2002: 65, n. 136; Ho 2003: 30); the manual gives a

transcription of the Chinese terms: jan, uu, man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], p, i, eng, iu, ke, bi;

their Mongolian translation: ejilegi, aril(a(i, dgrgi, tbsidkegi, to(ta(i, saki(i,

ebdegi, tigi [=tgigi], btgi, quriya(i, negegi, qa(a(i, and then the combination

of the two: an eilegi edr, etc.; cf. Mostaert MMAD, 21, n. 61; pentaglot dictionary, 17428-

17440, pp. 997-998. For these twelve lords in Uigur sources, cf. Rachmati, #11, p. 308 and

Bazin, 1991: 287-288.

arban qoyar gdanm-a the twelve consorts (38v).

arban qoyar il the twelve years: arban qoyar il 34r; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il

qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v.

Arban qoyar sara [Tib. zla-ba bcu-gnyis]; 1. the twelve months of the year: 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r,

6v, 7v, 32v; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; arban qoyar

sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek 47r; arban qoyar

sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r; 2. the Twelfth month (used occasionally instead of Kgeler

sara): Arban qoyar sarayin isn in-e 41v; Arban qoyar sarayin 'aqai edr bolai 60r; Arban

qoyar ker Baras Taulai Mori Qoni Bein Takiy-a Noqai edr-e sayin.

arban qoyar itn barildaqui the twelve links of dependent origination (2v, 2v).

Arban sara the Tenth month:17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v.

694
GLOSSARY

arban in-e the 10th day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; ine(-yin) arban 38r, 38r, 53r,

56v, 56v, 58v.

arban tabun fifteen; the fifteenth day: 2r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 53r,

53r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; sni arban tabun

tediken qubi 5v; arban tabun odun 33r.

Ardar [S. rdr]; the fourth nakshatra: Ardar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ardar na(idar 26r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan

itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]Ardar [. . .]sayin 37v; Ardar-dr buyan

ke[i]g sayitur nemey 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui

[. . .] 'al odun Ardar qoyar 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr

bolumui [. . .] Usun odun Ardar qoyar 45r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji

ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini

eden modun bui 61r; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek anu

ene bolai Margaar Ardar qoyar Qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; ireg mordaqu edr

kemebes [. . .] Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. .

.]Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; iyerk qara edr ginggang ingpng giki edr ma(u. [. . .] Ardar

[. . .] ma(u 53r; debel emsk sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Ardar [. . .] ma(u 56r; Ardar Asli(

ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes

695
GLOSSARY

Ardar Burnavasu qoyar 60v; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

The appearance of its nine stars is like a saw (26r); Usually given as one star, " Orionis, and

said to be like a gem. See Burgess and Rachmati.

ar(-a means, method; way out, possibility; ruse, trick, artifice, scheming; the male or

positive element in nature (Ch. yang); as contrasted with the female or negative element (Ch.

yin; Mong. bilig [Lessing 51]): ar(-a uqaqui 2v; o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk odun na(idar-i

l medek bges tegni; medeki ar(-a inu 4v; saban sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a 6v; okin

trbes qula(ayii ba ar(-a ali yeke-d bui 28r; (aar kdelbes ar(-a beligten ber

a(uraban ebderem 31v; (alqalaqu ar(-a 42v.

ar(-a biligten those possessing skillful means and wisdom (Lessing, 51): (aar kdelbes

ar(-a beligten ber a(uraban ebderem 31v.

ar(-a ali deceit, trickery: okin trbes qula(ayii ba ar(-a ali yeke-d bui 28r.

ari(un [S. uddha, viuddhi; Tib. dag pa]; pure, clean, holy (Lessing, 1161): ari(un takin-a

1v; ari(un gegen-e iruqai 2v; gken ari(un kbegn 24r; ari(un sayin kbegn 54v.

ariki alcohol: ariki iskebes 31v, 46v.

ariki iskebes if one ferments alcohol (31v, 46v).

aril(a- [S. viodhaya-; Tib. sbyong ba]; to cleanse, purify; to dematerialize (by reciting tarni

[Lessing 1161]): yirtin-tekin- obalang-i aril(au 2v; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v.

696
GLOSSARY

aril(a(i [Ch. qu/chu, to remove, eradicate (Mathews 1391)]; the one that purifies; 2nd

of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui

35v; uu aril(a(i edr 35v.

arilu(sad those who are purified: (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar arilu(sad 1v.

arilu(san [S. viuddha; Tib. dag pa]; clean, pure (Lessing, 1161): teyin bged arilu(san-u

to(-a 2r.

arisun skin: Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr orkimui 11r.

ariyatan carnivorous or wild animals; beasts of prey: ariyatan-u snesn na(idar 27v.

arsalan lion: arsalan quraimui 14r; arsalan-u 59r; naran Arsalan-u gertr oro(san-u tula

yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r; arsalan-u o(dor met 59v.

Arsalan-u ger Leo, the 7th sign of the zodiac: naran Arsalan-u gertr oro(san-u tula

yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r.

ari [Tib. drang srong; S. rshi]; sage, hermit (Lessing, 1161); cf. also ODT 65-66; ari 1v;

ari-narun glegsen edrn belge 20r; arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-ii kemek ari-narun

glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek anu 47r.

arvis [Uy. arvis]; magical formula; (cf. Drevnetyurkskii slovar, 58); arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

arvis tarni [S. vidy mantra]; sacred spell; magic spell (Lessing, 1161); see also MSD, 35;

arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

arvis tarni uribasu if one recites a sacred spell (25v).

asar kriy-e hall or enclosure: asar kriy-e baribasu 46v.

697
GLOSSARY

asar kriy-e baribasu if one builds a hall or enclosure (46v).

asara- to be compassionate toward smth.; to take care of smth., to love: qatun kmn-i

asarabasu 23r; in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v; ede edr in-e

asaraqu 53v.

Asli(/Asli( [S. lesh]; the 7th nakshatra: Asli( 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

15v, [16v], 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Asli( na(idar 27r; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i

Asli( buyu 33v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Asli( [. . .] ma(u 48v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani

ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui.

i(ulin l yabumui 60v; drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r.

asuri [S. asura; Tib. lha ma yin; Mong. tngri busu]; a class of demi-gods, enemies of the

gods in Hindu mythology (Lessing 1161); titans; antigods (Waddell 1978: 81-82): 'al odun

kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui 22v.

aida-yin abiding, immutable: tbidkek aida-yin iles-dr sayin 45v.

ai( profit, gain; benefit: ai( gei 34r; i(ulilabasu ai( gei 25v; ai( ri abubasu sayin

36v; ai( tusa eribes 43v, 61v/ai( tusa eribes 43v, 61r; ai( tusa bt- 45v, 49v; ai( tusa

bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r.

ai( ri abubasu if one takes a profit or debt (36v).

698
GLOSSARY

ai( tusa benefit, profit, gain, advantage: ai( tusa eribes 43v, 61v/ ai( tusa eribes 43v,

61r; ai( tusa bt- 45v, 49v; ai( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r.

ai( tusa eribes if one seeks a benefit (43v, 43v, 61r, 61v).

ai( gei fruitless; without benefit: ai( gei 34r; i(ulilabasu ai( gei 25v.

ai(labasu if one takes a profit: aiglabasu 36v.

Aivani/Auvani [S. Avin]; the 27th nakshatra: Aivani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 52r, 59r, 59v; Aivani sara Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; Aivani na(idar/Auvani na(idar 32r;

o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] 'al odun Aivani qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Aivani qoyar 44v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Usun odun Aivani qoyar

45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Aivani qoyar 45r; Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad

Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Aivani sayin

48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Aivani sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebes [. . .] Aivani [. . .] odun sayin 51r; [. . .] Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes

sayin 56r; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin

56v; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i

699
GLOSSARY

il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. [. . .] umara Udaribadaribad kiged Aivani

qoyar 60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

aya(-a cup; a unit of measure: isn adqu iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge 22r.

ayima( class: naiman ayima( 2v, 2v, 20r; ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v; ya(as-un ayima(-iyar kriyelegl 38v; ayima(-ud-i naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu

35r; ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v; naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r;

naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui 39r; naiman ayima(-ud 38v; naiman ayima(-

ud<-ud> terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r; naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl 38v; naiman

ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn 20r.

ayul bolqu beri the bride who will become dangerous (52r).

Ayui [Mong. a(lai gei nasutu]; name of a famous bodhisattva, the God of Long Life:

Ayui-yin nom ungiqui [. . .] iles-dr sayin 45v.

Ayui-yin nom the dharma of Ayushi; Aparimityurhynastra: see Raghu Vira, BSD,

45; RRS, 636; Ayui-yin nom ungiqui [. . .] iles-dr sayin 45v.

baa( [S. upavsatha; Tib. bsnyen gnas; Mong. maa(]; fast, fasting, abstinence, vow of

fasting; baa( ab-, to take the vows or receive the consecration of a monk (gelng), which

involves the practice of fasting and abstinence; to fast; baa(-un sangvar, vow of abstinence

(also taken by laymen [Lessing, 64]); for fasting rites, see RRS, 574-578; baa( abubasu 30r;

baa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r.

baa( abubasu if one takes a vow of fasting (30r).

baa( sangvar abubasu if one takes a vow of fasting (43v, 61r).

700
GLOSSARY

Badm-a dagini [S. padma lotus; S. d}~kin]; Padma d}~kin; one of the tabun dagini (five

d}~kin): Badm-a dagini 49v.

ba(-a sara a small month, i.e. a month with 29 days; see also its complement, yeke sar-a

and the synonym, ken sar-a; ba(-a sara 51v; sara ba(-a bges 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r.

ba(atud the heroes: (aar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v; (aar-un ba(atud-un tere g ereg ba

negdel buu od 58v.

ba(atur hero: iles-dr mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v;

eskleng-t ba(atur tegs ir(alang-du boluyu 25v.

ba(i a master; learned lama; conjurer; Nagajun-a ba(i 3r, 4r; ba(i kmn-i idker

bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i (odun) 33v, 33v; ba(i on-du l krk 41r; Nagajun-a ba(i-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 49v.

ba(u- to come or go down, fall; to descend, dismount, step down; main uses involve 1.

bringing a bride into ones household; 2. the moment supernatural beings or spirits descend;

and 3. to decline (of the sun): in-e nutu(-dur buu ba(u 43r; (ni(ur umara [etc.]) g qandun

ba(ubasu sayin 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v; burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( 16r; tngri-

yin qara noqai ba(umu 54r; ba(umui 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 55r. tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r,

12r; ba(uqu 43r, 43r; ebln nara ba(uqu edr 3r; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r; Maqagala

ba(uqu edr 46v; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge 20r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r; Okin

tngri ba(uqu edrn belge 20r; er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu ba(uqu bui 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi

qandun ba(uqu g 53v; (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu tula 58v;

701
GLOSSARY

ba(u(da- [pass. of ba(u-]; to be brought down, etc.: er-e-yin em g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r;

(abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r.

ba(ul(a- [caus. of ba(u-]; to have brought down; cause to descend, etc.: ber'i buu ba(ul(-a

33v, 34r, 34v; beri ba(ul(abasu 22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r;

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r,

46v; beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr ; beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun 51r; ber'i ba(ul(aqui g 52r.

ba(uram declining; a sign of the true horoscope, i.e., the ascendent: ba(uram 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 24v.

ba(urai [=ba(uri] foundation: ba(uray-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; (olomta ba(urai nutu(

qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v.

Bajar dagini [S. vajra thunderbolt; S. d}~kin; Vajra d}~kin, one of the tabun dagini (five

d}~kin,): Bajar dagini-yin ndsn 3r; Bajar dagini 49r.

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn the tantra of Vajrad}~kin. Banjar dagini-yin ndsn 3r.

balai kmn a blind person: balai kmn-i nidt[e]i bol(a(i 33v.

bal(asun city; town: bal(asun baribasu 22v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun

sr kemek na(idar 25r; bal(asun deledbes 25v, 34r, 35r; qota bal(asun imebes 34v;

702
GLOSSARY

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes 37v; qota bal(asun baribasu 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r,

44r, 61r; qota bal(asun bariqui 45v; qo(osun bal(asun-dur 24v; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i

quriyaqui 61v.

bal(asun baribasu if one builds a city (22v).

bal(asun deledbes if one pounds a city wall, i.e., out of earth (25v, 34r, 35r).

baling do(in [Tib. gtor ma; S. bali]; a food offering to deities, usually made of dough

kneaded into various (often pyramidal) shapes (cf. Lessing, 80); cf. also RRS, 426-428; baling

do(in gik edrn belge 20v; baling do(in 39v; baling do(in qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r.

bandi/bandi [S. vandya one to be saluted]; novice in Buddhist orders; disciple or

famulus of a lama (Lessing, 82): bandi/bandi 22v, 23v, 24r, 26r; ba(ura(san bandi 24v;

bandi bombo kmn 31r.

bandida [S. pan}di} ta]; savant: bandida ingq-a sari 1v.

bara(da- to wane: ed bara(daqu . . . edr 59v; sara degrki bara(daqui-yi medegdeki

4r; bara(daqui medek kereg 4v.

bara(un west; right: bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r.

bara(ur haggling; wrangling; bargaining: keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v.

barama ia(ur-tan the caste of the wretched (31v); for various kinds of origins of people

see Srkzi BTD, 276, #3856.

Barani [S. Bharan}]; the 28th nakshatra: Barani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 45r, 45v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r,

61v; Barani na(idar 32r.

703
GLOSSARY

baras [Per. prs, frs]; tiger; one of the twelve animals: baras 59v; Baras a( 50r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v; Baras edr 2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Baras sar-a 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r; 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; bing baras sara 7v, 7v; uu baras sara 7v,

7v; keng baras sara 7v, 7v; im baras sara 7v, 7v; ja baras sara 7v, 7v; Baras jil 41r, 50v, 51r,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; baras ula(alamui 8r; baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; itgen- eke Baras (aar-a 11r; a(an baras 49r, 49r, 49r; a(an baras

king ing 41r; baras met kmn erebes 27v; baras-un 59r, 59r.

Baras a( Tiger hour (50r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v).

Baras edr Tiger day (2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v).

Baras (aar Baras place: itgen- eke Baras (aar-a 11r.

Baras il Tiger year (41r, 50v, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v).

baras met kmn a tiger-like person: baras met kmn erebes 27v

baras met kmn erebes if one seeks a tiger-like person (27v).

704
GLOSSARY

baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

Baras sar-a/sara Tiger month (2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; bing baras sara 7v, 7v; uu baras sara 7v,

7v; keng baras sara 7v, 7v; im baras sara 7v, 7v; ja baras sara 7v, 7v).

bariqu (aar eribes if one seeks a place to build (42r).

bariy-a fetters; a rope for holding oxen or cows by the horns: bariy-a kriy-e d uaraqu

50r.

basa nigen eket another item (37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 41v,

42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 47r,

47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r, 56r, 60v).

basa nigen il another item (60v).

basar [Per. bazar]; inhabited place; hamlet; village: basar belid-n na(idar 30v.

bata sabre: nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui 28v.

bati bata ?: bati bata gik edrn belge 20v.

bayar qurim keyi- to have a celebration (42r, 46r).

bayi- to stop; cease; in astronomical context refers to the solstices, the moment when the

sun stops moving north or south along the celestial equator: r-e inu l bayimui 34v; nara

keiy-e bayiqu 3r; nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; ebln nara bayiqu 6r; edr sni teng kem-iyer

bayiqu aji 6v; un-u nara bayiqu 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r.

bayiri battlefield: bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v.

705
GLOSSARY

bayiing building: ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r.

bein monkey; one of the twelve animals: Bein sara 14r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v;

im bein sara 7v; a bein sara 7v; bing bein sara 7v; uu bein sara 7v; king bein sara 7v;

Tbed-dr Bein sar-a 14r; Bein a( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; im

bein a( 7v; a bein a( 7v; bing bein a( 7v; uu bein a( 7v; king bein a( 7v; Bein

(edr) 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v,

50r, 51r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 58r, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Bein

(aar-a 19r; Bein il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; bein ilten 24r, 54v; bein ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; bein sereki

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; modun im[e]g bein modun im[e]g bein

inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r; kke bein a ii 41r; Qubi sarayin

dolo(an inide Baras iln qari bein g qadqu 50v; bein- 59r, 59r

Bein a( Monkey hour: bein a( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; im

bein a( 7v; a bein a( 7v; bing bein a( 7v; uu bein a( 7v; king bein a( 7v.

Bein edr Monkey day: Bein (edr) 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 58r, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v.

Bein (aar-a Monkey place (19r).

706
GLOSSARY

Bein il Monkey year: Bein il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; bein ilten 24r, 54v; bein ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v.

Bein sara Monkey month: Bein sara 14r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; im bein sara

7v; a bein sara 7v; bing bein sara 7v; uu bein sara 7v; king bein sara 7v; Tbed-dr Bein

sar-a 14r.

bein sereki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

belbesn widow: belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22r; belbesn em-e 25r, 25v, 29v;

belbesn em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; beri abubasu belbesn bolumui 43r; drben belbesn odun

kemebes Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r.

belbesn em-e abubasu if one takes a widow or a woman (25r, 32r).

belid crossroads: irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v.

belge sign, symbol, attribute: belge 3v, 4v, 58r; Baras sara mn- tula belge inu baras

ula(alamui 8r; Taulai sara mn- tula belge inu modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai

mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r; Luu sara mn- tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu

dong(oddumui 10r; Morin sara mn- tula. belge inu morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge

sn giimi 12r; Qonin sara mn- tula. belge inu qonin addu(ad tar(u giiu 13r; Bein

sara mn- tula belge inu modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan

teigemi 14r; Takiy-a sara mn- tula belge inu qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui

15r; Noqai sara mn- tula belge inu noqai quraiu [=quriau] qoiyalamui 16r; 'aqai sar-a.

707
GLOSSARY

mn- tula belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r; Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge

inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r; lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede

qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; belge inu gede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni 44v; raiyan edr-

n belge erdini bui 20r; belge inu degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v; o(tu edrn belge qumq-a

bui 20r; belge inu qumq-a ene bui 47r; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu

doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adasun 39r; qariqu

edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; belge inu gede qandu(san (adasun bui

39r; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; belge inu kke na(ur bui 39v;

qariqui edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; belge inu ula(an nara bui 39v; (aar-un eed

i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r;

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r; belge inu doro(i qandu(san

jindamuni ene bui 45r; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r;

belge inu doro(i qandu(san subur(-a 45r; im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara

bui 20r; belge inu qara ene bui 45r; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui

20r; belge inu tong(ori( bui 47r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; belge

inu gabala ene bui 47r; erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui

20r; qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; naiman ayima( i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; belge inu vair bui 38r; qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu(

vair bui 20r, 38r; ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; belge inu ula(an

sg bui 47v; kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r; belge inu qara jindamuni

ene bui 45r; kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r; do(in

708
GLOSSARY

edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r; ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v;

qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v; Bati bata gik edrn

belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v; ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v;

belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r; baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui

20v; belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r; ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui

20v; belge ene qara dusul 41v; gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui 20v; yeke

qara edrn belge inu (urbalin qara bui 20v; tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui

20v; qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v; belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui

45v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v; belge inu ala( dusul bui

43v; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; belge inu ala( debeskir bui 43r;

gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; belge inu drbeljin qara debesker

ene bui 44r; tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v;

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v; ebdegi edrn belge inu qada(ur

bui 20v; belge inu qara qada(ur 43v; (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban

nidt drbelin bui 20v; belge inu (urban nidt drbelin 44r; tleki edrn belge anu

solbi(san qara iruqai 20v; belge inu solbi(san qara iruqai 44v.

belgele- to signify, prognosticate: (aar-<y>i beleglebes 23r; qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemi 8r; qorin nigen-e r-e tariyan-u

sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; arban isn-e buuday-yin sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 10r; qorin

dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi 18r; qorin tabun-a sara-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belge imi [=emi] 19r.

709
GLOSSARY

belges [pl. or belge]; signs: ede belges-lu(-a [=belges-lge] tokiyaldu(ulu 5r.

beri/beri bride; for more on Mongolian nuptial rites, see RRS, 564-574; for divinations

concerning marriage in the Vaidrya dKar-po, see TEDP, 194-223: beri/beri ba(ul(a- 22r,

22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r,

31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 53r, 60r; ber'i/beri buu

ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v; okin ber'i gbes 22v, 35v; beri buu g 58v; ber'i/beri ab- 25r, 29r,

30r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 42v, 45v, 52r, 55v; beri/beri buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r; beri abubasu u(tubasu

29r; l okiqu beri 52r; qa(aiqu beri 52r, 52r; ayul bolqu beri 52r; deged beri 52r; dumda

beri 52r; es beri 52r; kk beri 52r; beri ktelgi 52v; beri (al-du mrgglk a( 53v;

beri mr (arqu g 54r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kon-dur uira(san beri 54r;

buyan keig bari(san beri 54r; da-dur ucira(san beri 54r; kmn- yasun bari(san beri 54r;

ken-dr uira(san beri 54r; niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri 54r; kam-dur uira(san beri

54r; gin-dr uira(san beri 54r; oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r; jen-dr

uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v; sn-dr uira(san beri 54v; mo(ai morin ilt beri-

dr lemi ma(u 54r; beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r; lii-dr uira(san

beri-yi abubasu 54r; beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v; beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel

emsteki 52r; beri-yin drben ilmus 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu g 53v.

ber'i abubasu if one takes a bride (25r, 29r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 41v, 43r).

beri abubasu u(tubasu if one receives or welcomes a bride (29r).

710
GLOSSARY

beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a bride into ones home (22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v,

40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r).

beri (al-du mrgglk a( the hour the bride is made to prostrate herself before the fire

(53v).

beri ktelgi the one who leads the bride away (52v).

beri mr (arqu g the direction in which the bride sets off on her way (54r).

beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui according to the [wandering] stars and

nakshatra, these are the occasions for not taking the bride (52r).

beri-yin drben ilmus the four demons of a bride (52r).

beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki the bride should wear a robe that is the

color of her element (52r).

beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu g the direction a bride should face when she

dismounts (53v).

bertegin [Tib. byis-po, blun-pa; S. bla]; ignorant (especially with regard to religious

truth; uninstructed (Lessing, 1163).

bertegin arad ignorant commoner (5r).

bertegin kbegn ignorant son, boy (2r).

bey-e/biy-e body: ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn idtala idemi 19r; biy-e ugiyabasu

21v, 22r, 23r; biy-e inu ken 32v; bey-e ugiyabasu 26v, 41v; noyan-u bey-e ba morin-dur

ma(u 41r; bey-e inu kk 50r, 50r; bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi 55r; biy-e bildar (oo-a

711
GLOSSARY

61r; qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32vr; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-d ma(u 51r;

saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu 31r; erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei 39v; kmn- bey-e-

d. noqai terigt [. . .] 55r; bey-e-[y]i turi modun-iyar ime 30v.

bey-e ugiyabasu if one washes the body (21v, 22r, 23r, 26v, 41v).

bi 1. [first person pronoun], I: bi 32v, 32v, 32v; 2.[Ch. bi/pi to close (Mathews 5092);

Mongolian qa(a(i]; 12th of the twelve lords of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing.

ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v; bi qa(a(i edr 37r; bi p edr 48v.

biig writing; a writing, book: arlig biig tarqabasu 18r; biig to(-a sur(abasu 22v, 56v;

biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; biig ungibasu 32r;

qa(an-a tatal(-a biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v; biig abulibasu 36v; nom biig biibes 36v;

biig oro(ulbasu 36v; biig-dr orobasu 36v, 37r.

biig abulibasu ?if one debates a scripture (36v).

biig to(-a sur(abasu if one teaches writing or mathematics (22v, 56v).

biig to(-a em sur(abasu if one teaches writing, mathematics or medicine (26r).

biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu if one teaches writing, mathematics or science

(23v).

biig ungibasu if one reads a book (32r).

biig-tr orobasu if one starts a [new] book (36v, 37r).

bilig [Uy. bilig]; wisdom, intelligence, intellect, knowledge, understanding, talent, ability;

capability; negative force, feminine principle (Ch. yin); negative pole (Lessing, 104): ng

bilig; ng bilig olu(san Manjuari 1v; erdem bilig 25v; qaram yeke biligt 31r.

712
GLOSSARY

bing [Ch. bing (the 3rd Heavenly stem)]; bing; 2. [Ch. ping level]; [see under ping]: bing

in yile 7v; bing in edr 7v; bing baras sara 7v; bing baras a( 7v; bing luu sara 7v; bing luu

a( 7v; bing morin sara 7v; bing morin a( 7v; bing bein sara 7v; bing bein a( 7v; bing

noqai sara 7v; bing noqai a( 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a a( 7v; bing ding

52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

biqar [?S. vihara]; ?temple, monastery (cf. Mostaert, MMAD, 12, n. 22); see also Waddell,

1978: 339; biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r.

biqar qangin Mostaert notes that this is probably for biqar keyid; biqar < S. vihara

"temple, monastery," (Mostaert, MMAD, 12, n. 22), but perhaps the reference is to a

monastery in Qangin, Inner Mongolia, or to a person, Biqar qa(an; biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r.

biil(a- to meditate: biil(abasu 11r; burqan-i biil(abasu 26v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen

biil(abasu 31r.

biil(abasu if one meditates (11r).

biteg 1. closed, final, i.e., the final day of the month, year, etc.; qorin isn biteg

bolumui 3r; 2. a measure; two hands, i.e., the amount of something that can be held with the

two hands placed together (Mostaert, DO, 71a under bit); nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un

a(urqai bol(a(i 33r, 33v.

biyoo Perhaps this term is associated with the Chinese star term, Ch-men. The term is

given as bayuu; I transcribe b'yuu; for byuu, cf. Heissig, Die mongolischen Handschriften--

Reste aus Olon Sme Innere Mongolei (16.-17. Jhdt), p. 508; in the pentaglot dictionary under

the types of gods (Man. enduri i hacin) there is a Manchu deity, biyoo (17457, p. 999); this

713
GLOSSARY

is Chinese can gong (Mathews tsan, silkworm, 6698, p. 983; kung palace, temple,

dwelling, 3705, p. 544); biyoo 58v.

blama [S. guru; Tib. bla ma]; lama; a teacher of the root tantra: blam-a Manjuari 1v.

bodgalis [S. pudgala; Tib. gang zag]; individual; person: nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud

tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigten tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki

busu bgetele 1v; (urban a(-un uqa(-a edi bodgalis-dur ina(uki terigten itn barildaqui

iles keregt 1v.

bodisng [S. bodhisattva; Tib. byang chub sems dpa]; a bodhisattva, saintly person

approaching perfect enlightenment and thus becoming a Buddha: burqan-u qubil(an

Manjuari bodis[n]g in 2r; Manjuari bodis[n]g 2v; burqan bodis[n]g-nar 1v.

bodong wild boar: bodong (aqai-yin soyo(-a 60r.

bo(ol slave: bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v; ed mal ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u

sedke kmn-dr (ar(au gbe 28r; bo(ol arudasun abqui 61v.

bo(ol qudaldubasu if one trades a slave (25r, 25v, 26r, 28v).

boro bo(ir(-a the sparrow: a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r.

bo(tala- to put the bo(to cap on a woman, i.e. to marry her off; to become engaged: okin

bo(talabasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r; okin bo(talau 47v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek

krdn 51r; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r.

bolqui becoming; the 10th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the pig of the twelve animals: (aqai bolqui 8v,

714
GLOSSARY

8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v,

16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

bombo [Tib. bon po]; bon priest, follower of the Bon religion: bombo 26r; bombo kmn

4v, 5r; bandi (ba) bombo 22v, 24v, 26r, 31r; tlii gbes bombo-nardur ma(u 30v.

borbin Achilles tendon: borbin-dur okin-da(an qari 52v.

boro grey, brown; dark, plain: boro 52v; kke boro mori 5r; boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-

de irgemi 8r.

boro(an rain; boro(an orobasu sken bolqu 61r; boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg 61r;

boro(an orobasu basa oro- 61v, 61v, 61v.

boskil ?: boskil sauu 24r.

boso(-a threshold, doorsill: boso(-a bosqabasu 46v.

boso(-a bosqabasu if one erects a doorsill (46v).

bou( prophecy: bou( abubasu 34v.

bou( abubasu if one receives a prophecy (34v).

Buda dagini [S. buddha wisdom; S. dkin]; one of the tabun dagini (five dkin): Buda

dagini 49v.

bu(u stag: bu(u-yin 59r, 59r; bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r; bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun

59r.

bulai something buried; place where something is buried; grave: bulai bulabasu 21v;

bulai buu bula 34v.

bulai bulabasu if one digs a grave (21v).

715
GLOSSARY

buq-a bull: aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; buq-a talbibasu 28r; aar(-a buur-a

buq-a qua talbibasu 35r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi

50v.

buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a bull (28r).

Burnavasu [S. Punarvasu]; one of the nakshatra: Burnavasu 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 26r, 33r. 33v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v.

burqad [pl. of burqan]; buddhas, gods, deities: qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun

sayiiyamu 60v.

burqan buddha, god, deity; image of a buddha: burqan bodis[n]g 1v; burqan im[n]us

kiged ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r; burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a(

16r; burqan takibasu 23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 35r,

35r; burqan buu taki 34v; burqan itgen inidkebes 24r; burqan btgebes 26r; burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v; nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu

sayin edr 37v; burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; burqan nom-i

amilabasu 44v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 48r; burqan tngri

buu taki 48r; burqan-dur aliba takil iledbes 31r; burqan-i takibasu 21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r,

28v, 29r, 30r; burqan-i biil(abasu 26v; ilau tegs ngigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur 2r;

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 2r; burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret

sudur 2v; burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( 11r; burqan-u oron eribes 22v; aliba burqan-u

i(ul(an iledbes 26v; burqan-u ein mese-dr ky 34v; burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v.

716
GLOSSARY

burqan btgebes if one evokes a burqan (26r).

burqan nom-i amilabasu if one enlivens a buddhas doctrine (44v).

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu if one puts the aorta and heart into a

buddha or tutelary deity (36v).

burqan itgen inidkebes if one restores a buddha-image (24r).

burqan takibasu if one makes an offering to a buddha (23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 35r, 35r).

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu if one offers sacrifice to a buddha, the gods, or tutelary

deities (48r).

burqan-dur aliba takil iledbes if one performs any kind of sacrifice to a buddha (31r).

burqan-i biil(abasu if one meditates on the buddha (26v).

burqan-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the buddha (21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v,

29r, 30r).

burqan-u oron eribes if one seeks the realm of a buddha (22v).

burqan-u itgen egdbes creates the image of a buddha (46v).

bursang [Ch. foseng]; Buddhist priest or clergy: bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v;

bursang quvara( l to(taqu 47v.

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the priests (35v).

buru(u to(ola count in the wrong way, i.e., counterclockwise; contrast b to(ola;

ba(urai-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; okin-aa buru(u to(ola 51v;

717
GLOSSARY

em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bges buru(u to(ola 52v; segl-ee buru(u 52v;

egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r.

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad [S. Prvabhadrapad]; one of the nakshatra:

Burvabadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 31r, 33v,

34r, 37v, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 51r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; namurun terign

Burvabadari-bad sara 15r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r.

Burvabalguni [S. Prvaphalgun]; one of the nakshatra: Burvabalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 37r, 37r, 44v, 45v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 59r,

59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Bruvabalguni na(idar 27v.

Burvasad [S. Prvsdh]; one of the nakshatra: Burvasad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Burvasad na(idar 30r; Burvasad

na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r.

Bus/Pus [S. Pushya]; one of the nakshatra: Bus 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 37v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r,

61r/Pus 53r; Bus na(idar 2r, 2v, 19r, 26v; Bus sar-a 3r, 19r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Pus

qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui [. . .] Altan

odun Pus qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani ua( Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

718
GLOSSARY

na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Pus [. . .] sayin 48v; Pus

Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v.

busud-aa (uyil'(-a abubasu if one receives alms from another (25r).

busud-i ar(adabasu if one quarrels with others (9r, 19r).

busud-i qari(ulbasu if one replies to another (23v).

busud-i takibasu if one makes an offering to another (30r).

buudai wheat; buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 10r.

buura bull camel: aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua

talbibasu 35r.

buyan [S. punya]; merit; virtue: buyan keig ebdere- 21v, 34r; buyan ke[i]g neme- 37v,

37v, 56r; buyan keig ba(ura- 41r; buyan keig delgerek 46v; buyan keig bolqu 50r; buyan

keig bari(san beri 54r; buyan iledbes 21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v, 26r, 29v, 30v, 31r,

32r, 32r, 34r, 35r; buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan oli( iledbes 31v;

buyan qurim iledbes 31v; buyan tegsmi 30v; nom buyan iledk-d sayin 60v; buyan-tu

8r, 13r, 16r, 45r, 45r, 60v, 61v; sayin buyan-u qur-a 1v; buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes 23r.

buyan oli( gbes if one gives meritorious ransom (22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r).

buyan oli( iledbes if one makes a meritorious ransom (31v).

buyan keig luck, fortune, riches: buyan keig ebdere- 21v, 34r; buyan ke[i]g neme- 37v,

37v, 56r; buyan keig ba(ura- 41r; buyan keig delgerek 46v; buyan keig bolqu 50r; buyan

keig bari(san beri 54r.

buyan qurim iledbes if one makes a meritorious feast (31v).

719
GLOSSARY

buyan iledbes if one performs a meritorious deed (21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v,

26r, 29v, 30v, 31r, 32r, 32r, 34r, 35r).

buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes if one makes an assembly of the virtuous (23r).

briy-e trumpet: briy-e tatabasu 34v.

briy-e tatabasu if one plays the trumpet (34v).

brk- to become cloudy; to cover; envelop: o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v.

bri twilight, dusk: bri-d x 40r.

bt- to (magically) succeed, be fulfilled, accomplished: qariyal keyibes (urban il-d l

btk 42r; ile nigen edr-d btk edr bui 42r; kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r;

do(in iles ba kt ile iledbes dtr btk 45r; qan kmn iles btk 45v; busu-

ber ndr btk iles 45v; ai r-e btk 46r; sedkil btk 46v; ksel btk 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v; ksel-iyen btk 49v, 49v; iles btk 49v, 50r, 50v;

aliba iles btk 50r, 50r; ile btk 49v, 58r; kereg btk 49v; ai( tusa btk 49v;

(abiy-a-tu iles btk 50r; sedkigsen ile btk 58r; qoyar iroi uirabasu idi btky-yin

uaral 45v; idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45vai( tusa btki 45v; qamu( ksel

btmi 38r; qariyal gegy-e btmi 39r; saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu

sayin ma(u ai r-e inu l bty 4r; idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v;

sedkigsen bty 45v.

btgi [Ch. cheng/cheng to succeed (Mathews 379)]; the one that succeeds; 9th of the

twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

720
GLOSSARY

saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; eng

btgi edr 36v; btgi odun 59r.

btge- [caus. of bt-]; to accomplish, fulfill, succeed in doing something: gken tusa

btgebes 16r; ber-n tusa btgebes 22v; ed btgebes 23v; burqan btgebes 26r;

nasun btgebes 28r, 34v; im[n]us btgebes 28r; mr btgek-yin urida kimor bolqu

41r; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui 60v; ndr btgek iles 61r; min

nasun btgeki 45v; ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v.

abda(ur a sprinkler, made of wood used in religious ceremonies to make aspersions:

abda(ur sauli er<e>gbes qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayiiyamu 60v.

a( hour; time: a( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 51r, 51r; sni-yin a( 2v; edr ir(u(an a( sni

ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v; ding taulai a( 7v; uu luu a( 7v; gi mo(ai a( 7v; king morin a(

7v; in qonin a( 7v; im bein a( 7v; ki takiy-a a( 7v; a noqai a( 7v; ii (aqai a( 7v;

bing qulu(an-a a( 7v; ding ker a( 7v; uu baras a( 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; king luu a( 7v;

in mo(ai a( 7v; im morin a( 7v; ki qonin a( 7v; a bein a( 7v; ii takiy-a a( 7v;

bing noqai a( 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; uu qulu(an-a a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v; king baras a(

7v; in taulai a( 7v; im luu a( 7v; ki mo(ai a( 7v; a morin a( 7v; ii qonin a( 7v;

bing bein a( 7v; ding takiy-a a( 7v; uu noqai a( 7v; gii (aqai a( 7v; king qulu(an-a a(

7v; in ker a( 7v; im baras a( 7v; ki taulai a( 7v; a luu a( 7v; ii mo(ai a( 7v; bing

morin a( 7v; ding qonin a( 7v; uu bein a( 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; king noqai a( 7v; in

(aqai a( 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; ki ker a( 7v; a baras a( 7v; ii taulai a( 7v; bing

luu a( 7v; ding mo(ai a( 7v; uu morin a( 7v; gi qonin a( 7v; keng bein a( 7v; in

721
GLOSSARY

takiy-a a( 7v; im noqai a( 7v; ki (aqai a( 7v; a qulu(an-a a( 7v; ii ker a( 7v; bing

baras a( 7v; salkin-u a( 8r; abig talbi(san sayin a( 10r; tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i

olu(san sayin a( 11r; tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r; un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r; nen

nom-un krdn-i ori(ulu(san buyan-du sayin a( 13r; sken qur-a-yin a(; okid

jgrkeki a( 15r; ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r; burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin

a( 16r; edr sni qubi sau(uu bo[l]qu oroqui a( 16r; qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr

oroqui a( 17r; amitan-i alau keline iledki a( 17r; yeke kiten- a( 17r; ebln naran

ba(uqu a( 18r; a( me-yi bari(i 32v; dolo(an a(un qorin a( 33r; niiged gara(-lu(-a

niiged a( bari(i 33r; qulu(an-a a( 50r, 51r, 51r; ker a( 51r, 51r, 51r; baras a( 51r,

51r, 51r; taulai a( 51r, 51r, 51r; luu a( 51r, 51r, 51r; mo(ai a( 51r, 53v; morin a( 51r;

qonin a( 51r; bein a( 51r, 51r, 51r; takiy-a a( 51r, 51r, 53v; noqai a( 51r 51r; (aqai a(

53v; ber a( 51r; beri (al-du mrgglk a( 53v; gara( odun il saran edr a( 54v; on

sara edr a( me 55r; umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( 3v; (urban a(-i uqa(-a inaru

1v; a(-<y>i iledte medeki 5v; a(-<y>i medegdeki 6r; qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau

amui 6r; drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl 38v; qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; kcn

tegs-n a(-tu 24r; er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu 52r; (aqai a(-tu 53v, 54r; takiy-a a(-du 53v

noqai a(tu 54r; taulai a(tu 54r; bein a(tu 54r; b-n a(tur 4r; tere a(-dur 6r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v; arban qoyar a(tur qubiyau amui 6r; nigen

a(tur naiman me 6r; kn tegs-n a(-tur 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r; nara(n) ur(uqui a(-

tur 21v, 38r, 42r, 42v; nara inggeki a(-tur 38v, 38v, 38v, 42r; nara manduqui a(tur 42v;

idei ereki a(tur 42v; ede a(tur sn-i samla 51r; ede a(tur mordo(ul-su(ai 51r; d[e]i-

722
GLOSSARY

yin a(-dur 56v; ede a(-ud-dur (arbasu mr ma(u 50v; (urban a(-un uqa(-a 1v; a(-un

krdn 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r; a(-un krdin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; a(-un il(al 5r; qulu(an-a a(-un uridu 6v; a(-un sayin ma(u 8r, 50v; a(-un

takil 38v; a(-un qara 41r, 42r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn

50r; drben a(-un a(ur 59v.

a(-un il(al the classification of time (5r).

a(-un krdn [S. klacakra]; wheel of time; this is the Klacakratantra, the main source

of Tibetan mathematics and time reckoning; see Lessing, 1174 under kyrdyn; the wheel of

time is a simple instrument for obtaining, by observation, the suns altitude and zenith

distance; its simply a wheel, suspended by a string, graduated to degrees, having its lowest

point and the extremities of its horizontal diameter marked, and with a projecting peg at the

center; when used, its edge is turned toward the sun, so that the shadow of the peg falls upon

the graduated periphery, and the distances of the point where it meets the latter from the

horizontal and lowest points of the wheel respectively are the required altitude and zenith

distance of the sun; from these the time may be derived (Burgess, 1859: 37-39, 261, 407);

a(-un krdn 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r; a(-un krdin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

a(-un krdin those who follow the Klacakratantra: 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r,

14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

a(-un qara the black hours (41r, 42r).

a(-un sayin ma(u the good and bad auspices of the hours (8r, 50v).

723
GLOSSARY

a(-un takil the offering of time (38v).

a(an white: a(an 52v, 52v, 52v; a(an mori 4v; a(an debel 4v, 35r; a(an noqai 4v;

a(an segeret qara noqai 22r; a(an ila(u-du bula( 22r; a(an keg[i]ri bariu 23v; a(an

asal 39v, 45r; a(an baras 41r, 49r, 49r, 49r; tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui

42v; a(an qada( 50v; a(an tosun 50v; a(an qonin 60v; imeg-iyen a(an-iyar imej 23v;

a(an-nu(ud-iyar ime 24r.

a(an baras the White Tiger (49r, 49r, 49r;) refers to the White Tiger of autumn, which,

together with the Red Bird of summer, the Blue Dragon of spring (kke luu), and the Black

Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's

Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham, 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker, 113-119).

a(an baras-un kl the leg of the white tiger, i.e., the base of the western constellation of

autumn, the White Tiger: a(anbaras-un kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

a(an baras-un niru(un the back of the white tiger tiger, i.e., the heart or middle of the

western constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: a(an baras-un niru(un mr (arbasu sayin

49r.

a(an baras-un terign the head of the white tiger, i.e., the head of the western

constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: a(an baras-un terign mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

a(an asal white treatment (39v, 45r); a white treatment is given as consisting of the

reciting of texts, while a motely treatment (ala( asal) consists of the rituals of spells and

wearing charms (see Bawden SE II, 166-167).

724
GLOSSARY

a(an ile white deeds, i.e., good deeds: tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui

42v.

ai tea: ai ina(san 4v; ai qudalduin 30r.

ai qudalduin tea merchant (30r).

akirma(-un iig [Ch. lan (Mathews, 557, 3795.21); Man. ungkeri ilha]; the orchid (see

pentaglot dictionary, 15338); (aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r.

ang cymbals: ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v, 34v, 35r.

ang kengger'ge deledbes if one beats cymbals or drums (28v, 34v, 35r).

ara(-a locust; grasshopper: ara(-a qoiyalan dong(oddumui 14r.

asu(n) snow: asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r; (aar tal-a dken asun bolumui

19r.

eng/ing [Ch. cheng to succeed; (Mathews 379); Mong. btgi]; 9th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui

35v; eng btgi edr 36v; ing gii edr 48v.

erig/ereg/ireg/irig soldier; soldiers; army: erig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 29r;

ereg mordobasu 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 61v; ireg

mordobasu 41r, 45r; ireg mordaqui 46r; ireg mordaqu edr 48v; irig mordabasu 44r; erig

buu morda 34v; aman-dur irig buu morda 55r; irig ayan mordabasu 42r; niru(un-tur erig

ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v; ereg uduridbasu 23r, 24v; irig uduridbasu 40r; ireg degerm-e

odbasu 31r; ireg kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 32r; irig degerm-e kiged do(in iles 40r; ereg

ba negdel buu od 58v; irig-ee busud-dur ma(u 48v; ereg-n noyan 21v; dayisun-u ereg-

725
GLOSSARY

n noyan 22r, 23v, 24r; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 24v; ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v;

ereg-n noyan kk 40r; tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v.

erig ayan mordabasu if one sets of on a campaign or journey (42r).

erig ba ayan aba mordabasu if one sets off on a military campaign or hung (55v).

erig degerm-e odbasu if one goes soldiering or pillaging (31r).

erig kia(ar (aar-i baribasu if an army seizes the frontier (32r).

erig mordobasu if an army sets off on campaign (9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v,

25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v).

erig uduridbasu if one leads an army (23r, 24v, 40r).

erig-n noyan [T. dmag-dpon]; the commander of the army; a Buddhist term, one of the

Seven Jewels (see RRS, 141); ereg-n noyan 21v; dayisun-u ereg-n noyan 22r, 23v, 24r;

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 24v; ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; ereg-n noyan kk

40r; tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v.

erig-n noyan sa(ul(abasu if one installs the commander of the army (22v).

iig/eeg flower: (aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r; lungru neret iig

delgeremi 13r; (aar-dur lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r; modun iig taribasu

35v, 36r; tariyan iig taribasu 36v; eeg met 59v.

idker devil, demon, fiend, ghost: ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i

odun ali bui 33v; ba(i kmn-i idker-<y>i bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ula(i Burnavasu buyu

33v; idker-nu(ud-i [=idker-ngd-i] nomo(odqabasu 23r.

idker-nu(ud-i [=idker-ngd-i] nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies idker (demons) (23r).

726
GLOSSARY

idkd [pl. of idkr]; devils, demons, fiends; ghosts (Lessing, 177; cf. also Poppe 1967:

30-31, passim); tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui 26r; idkd

(ai(udaqu edr 48v; idkd-i daru- 26r, 27r, 45r; kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v; idkd-

<y>i nomo(odqabasu 34v; engkri idkd-i nomo(odqabasu 35v; idkd-<y>i buu daru(ul

34v.

idkd-i darubasu if one suppresses the idkd (demons) (26r, 27r).

idkd-<y>i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the idkd (demons) (34v).

idqumal idqubasu if one pours a cast (16r).

i(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly spirit: tngri-yin i(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; rn-e doron-a

i(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r; rn-e doron-a-yin

i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

i(ul- to assemble: i(ul(an buu i(ul 35r; i(ulbasu 46v; i(ul(an i(ulbasu 15r, 25v,

27v, 27v, 35r, 36v; arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu 22v; eyetldr-e i(ulbasu 22v; naiman

ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r; naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r; luus-un qad

i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r; (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r; erketen i(ul'qu edrn

belge 20r; ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar 29r; sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un

qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; i(ulqui-dur inu 38r; naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui qariqui

2v; naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui 2v; i(ulqui edr 38r;

Kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui bgetele 38v; eyetn i(ulqui 61r; i(ulumui 38r, 38r, 39r, 39v;

i(ul(an inu yer drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r; Qubi sarayin arban

727
GLOSSARY

drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; Qoyar

sarayin arban ir(u(an-a sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; 'urban

sarayin qorin qoyar-a sni-yin dli-yin urida drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v; Drben sarayin naiman inede r giki-dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v; Tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud

qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; ir(u(an inede ken i(ulumui 38v; Dolo(an

sarayin qorin tabun-a r geyiki-dr ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl nara

inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; Isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman

ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; Arban sarayin arban drben-

ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur

i(ulumui 38v; Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl

edr dli-ee sni krtel-e i(ulumui 38v.

i(ulbasu if one assembles (46v).

i(ul(alabasu if one collects something (30v).

i(ul(an i(ulbasu if one assembles an assembly (15r, 25v, 27v, 27v, 35r, 36v).

i(ul(an eyetbes if one conducts an assembly peaceably (31v).

igerle- to prohibit; to be prohibited; to be taboo: qabur namurun qu(usun ebln til-n

edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle 59r.

iken ears: iken-dr iken terign l tegsm 52v; iken-dr iken terign l tegsm

52v

728
GLOSSARY

imeg ornament; modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide 14r; ula(an imeg-iyer ime 21v;

qara imeg-iyer ime 22r; qad-un imeg-iyer ime 22r; qubad imeg-iyen a(an-iyar

imej 23v; imeg igki 46r; imeg igki amurling(ui iles 61r.

inadus [pl. of inadu]; adversaries, enemies (obs.): inadus-un dayisun 22r.

inar quality; essence; nature: (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar 1v; (al inar 21v; (al-un

inar 22v, 45v; usun-u inar 22r, 45v; usun inar 22v; modun inar 23r; temr-n inar 23v;

key-yin inar 23v, 45v; iroy-yin inar 24r, 45v, 61r.

indarala- to blaze, sparkle, glitter; (in this context of plants); the grass called cinders will

sparkle, i.e. bloom (DO, 706); o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r.

ing [see also under eng]; firm: ing bged gelen obo(-tan 61v.

ing bged gelen obo( the firm but gentle clan: Kerteg ua( qoyar ing

bged gelen obo(-tan buyu 61v.

ingbatu obo( the unshakeable clan: Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r.

inglegr-n ger the Balance; Libra; the 9th sign of the zodiac: naran inglegr-n

gertr oro(san 16r.

inu-a wolf; lubin; werewolf; for the pervasiveness of wolves as demons, see de Santillana,

278; erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar 28r; gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v; inu-a-yin kimusun-i

bul(ura(ulu(i 33r, 33v.

irai face: nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r; kke irai-du kmn 22r, 23v, 24v.

729
GLOSSARY

ista [S. Jyes}t}h~]; one of the nakshatra: ista 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign

ista sar-a 12r; ista na(idar 29v; o(tar(ui-dur ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; tngri-yin

i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 37v; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden

altan bui 61r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 48v; biig

to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus

Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli(

ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; drben belbesn odun kemebes

Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden

drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

The appearance of its three stars is like the antelope king (29v); ", F, J Scorpionis.

isun blood: qong keriy-e ugiyaqui isun oromui 9r; isun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r;

isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v.

o( neret ebesn ?cinder grass; o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r.

o(o[l](-a kibes if one makes an opening (42v)

o(tu [S. r; Tib. dpal (ldan)]; auspicious, blessed, holy: o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui

20r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; o(tu yeke a(an-dur tariyan buu tari 33v; o(tu

yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r.

730
GLOSSARY

oga [Tib. o-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jschke, 161); luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r; ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r; oga kibes

32r; tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; oga-yin ile 45v.

oga kibes if one makes a magical performance (32r).

oga-yin ile works of magical performance (45v).

ola gbes if one gives a title (8r).

b evil; calamity: b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek 4r.

gebri/gebri jackal; refers to Sirius, Chinese tianlang/tien-lang; known in Chinese

lore as the governor of the Tibetan people; (Schlegel, 1967: 430; Schafer 1977: 53): ula(an

gebri qakiraqu 27v; qakirqui gebri odun 59r; miqai gebri-yin odun 59r.

ua( [Tib. chu-tshags, 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jschke, 158)]; star spirit, geomantic

spirit, (TEDP, 129-132): ua( kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

u(la(ul- to gather: em u(la(ulbasu 22r.

ungla(ul- to gather: em buu ungla(ul 35r; em ungla(ulbasu 21v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v; em asal ungla(ulbasu 35v.

uquyi- to protrude; sprout: in-e nabi uquyiqui-dur inelemi 3r.

uu [Ch. jian/chien, to remove; purify, (Mathews 853); Mong. aril(a(i]; 2nd of the

twelve lords of the day): Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; uu aril(a(i edr 35v.

n/un [Ch. chun spring (Mathews, 1493 [p. 211])]; n un bolbasu 6r; qoyitu on li

un 7r.

731
GLOSSARY

n un [Ch. chun spring (Mathews, 1493 [p. 211])] and Ch. zhong middle (Mathews,

1504 [p. 213])]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; n un bolbasu 6r.

dabqur ger multi-storied building: dabqur ger baribasu 43v.

dabqur ger baribasu if one builds a multi-storied building (43v).

dabqur seig a pair of flowers: dabqur seig met 59v.

dada qan [Ch. tianhuang dadi/tien-huang ta-di]; Emperor Dada; a Chinese asterism

comprising one star, Polaris, the North Pole; known as the central palace of heaven and ruler

of the sky (Schlegel, 1967: 523; Staal, 1984: 126; Allred, 2002: 117); the pole star commonly

referred to in Mongolian as Altan (adasu (the golden spike) (TU, 1991: 896): dada qan

kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v.

da(a(ulbasu if one reduces another to submission (53v).

da(un 1. sound; call, i.e., of an animal; news; 2. unit of time = 1.6 seconds: eng terign

gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar il buyu 5r; eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu. tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin tula 5r; nigen da(un (arumui 5r; tegber iran da(un nigen

me 5r; meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r; ge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v; ge da(un

uaram 52v.

dagini [S. d}~kin; Tib. mkha gro ma (skywalker)]; a class of female spirits, prominent in

Buddhist tantras (Lessing, 1167) there are five d}~kin: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt)

d}~kin; 2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) d}~kin; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) d}~kin;

4. Garm-a dagini = Karma (action) d}~kin; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) d}~kin;

732
GLOSSARY

cf. Beyer, 45; ODT 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23: Bajar dagini 49v; Radn-a

dagini 49v; Badm-a dagini 49v; Garm-a dagini 49v; Buda dagini 49v; Bajar dagini-yin

ndsn 3r; tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-<y>i ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v.

dala(n) seventy: qorin nasun-aa nggerebes dalan nasulayu 61v.

dalai ocean; sea: matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou

17r.

dalal(-a a beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; a shamanistic-Buddhistic ceremony of

inviting prosperity, (Lessing, 224); see also Chabros: dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r,

25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r; dalal(-a buu

dalal 33v; dalal(-a abubasu 29r.

dalal(-a abubasu if one receives the beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; dalal(-a

abubasu 29r.

dalal(-a dalalbasu if one beckons the beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; if one beckons

fortune; this refers to a shamanistic-Buddhistic ceremony of inviting prosperity, (Lessing,

224); see also Chabros; dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r; dalal(-a buu dalal 33v.

dalu(n) scapula; shoulder-bone: dalun-dur mai sayin bolumui 52r.

dan [Ch. dui (Mathews, 6560)]; one of the eight trigrams; dan-dur ucira(san beri kmn-

yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r.

dandris/dandris [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud; Mong. ndsn]; tantra; see Lessing, 1191:

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; burqan-u nomla(san

733
GLOSSARY

sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a a(-un krdn 2r; Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; dandris-tur nomlar-un 37v.

darasun wine: nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r; darasun iskebes 23r, 23v; darasun idegen uaram 50r; darasun idegen-dr

uiraqu 58r; darusun uu(ubasu 57r.

darasun iskebes if one ferments wine (23r, 23v).

darusun uu(ubasu if one drinks wine (57r).

daru- to suppress, crush, i.e., an enemy or demon; to press down: dayisun darubasu 21v;

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu darubasu 27v; dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi

qabtasun-dur bii yabuqu mr-dr talbiu egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu

24r; idkd-i darubasu 26r, 27r; kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v; gked-n eliy-e(-yi)

darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v; eliy-e(-yi) darubasu 29r, 32r, 41r; dayisun-u ereg-n

noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged isn adqu iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge

daru(ad suu ali-yu(an takiju rn-e g uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 22r; dayisun-u noyan-u

ner-e-yi iruu(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr usun-dur daru(ad rn-e g ereg uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu 23r; dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi bii dolo(an alqu (aar-a isn

doboa( iroi door-a daru(ad 23v; dayisun-i daru(ad 25v; dayisun(-i) daruqu iles 23v, 26r,

29r, 31r, 42v; dayisun-i daruqu 45r; idkd-i daruqu 45r; nigen em-e isn er-e-yi daruqu odun

59r; dayisun-i daruqui iles 46r; dayisun-i daruyu 22r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v,

24v, 29r; dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r; bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v.

734
GLOSSARY

daru(ul- [caus. of daru-]; 1. to cause to suppress, e.g., a demon; 2. to repeat, e.g., a

blessing; see Mostaert, MMAD, 65, note 132; Mostaert, DO, 124b, 406b (under jusu): idkd-

<y>i buu daru(ul 34v; adis l daru(ulqu 61v; daru(ulqui-yin iles 35v.

darui immediately: darui oldayu 28v; qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i

beled 32v; dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r; darui-dur eribes oldayu 30v; dalal(-a dalalbasu

darui-dur qoor qomsa boluyu 34r; qur-a orobasu darui-tur oroqu 61v.

dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; the sun; the yang principle (Lessing 1951: 158); while

Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here is to an asterism, dayang, so named

because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel, 1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the

Mongolian star naran (TU, 903): dayang kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dayisun [Tib. nad-dgra]; enemy: isun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r; dayisun darubasu

21v; dayisun daruqu iles 31r; dayisun eserg ire- 22r, 24r, 24v; kbegn trbes dayisun

olan bolu(ad 28v; ese sana(san (ajar-aa dayisun bolqu 42v; dayisun ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v; dayisun uaraqu 49v; dayisun bolqu 50v; nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i

odun 59r; dayisun-a ol(a- 34v, 50v, 60v; inadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r; dayisun-dur

ol(o-/ol(a- 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v, 49v, 50v; dayisun-i eserg ireki-tr 21v, 23r, 23v;

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 21v; dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r; dayisun-i daru- 22r, 22r, 23r,

23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25v, 29r, 45r, 46r; dayisun-i daruqu iles 23v, 26r, 29r, 42v;

dayisun-i kesegeki mandal egdbes 31v; dayisun-i qari(ulun idamu 32v; dayisun-lu(-a

(adquldubasu 29v, 32r; dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n

sayin 48v; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan 23r; dayisun-u

735
GLOSSARY

ner-e-yi biibes sayin 27r; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu 27v, 32r; dayisun-u

qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u]

ayul bolqu 46r; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; dayisun-u qotan

bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v.

dayisun darubasu if one suppresses an enemy (21v).

dayisun eserg irebes if one goes against an enemy (22r).

dayisun-a ol(abasu if one meets an enemy (34v, 60v).

dayisun-dur ol(obasu if one meets an enemy (27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v).

dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the enemy (22r),

dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu if one fights with an enemy (29v, 32r).

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu if one takes an enemys possessions or livestock

(27v).

dayisun-u ner-e-yi biibes if one writes the name of an enemy (27r).

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu if one writes the name of an enemy (27v, 32r).

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu if one replies to an enemys curse (27v).

dayiwang tayiqu [?Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihu/tai-hou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; ?empress

Daiwang: dayiwang tayiqu 53r; beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiqu itgen eke. lii klil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r.

deb phase; stage: qoyar deb-dr edr sni sau(uu bolu(san 6r; tere a(-tur qoyar deb-dr

edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r.

736
GLOSSARY

debel robe, caftan: in-e debel ems- 4v, 21v, 28v, 56r; debil [=debel] emski 46r; a(an

debel emsgsen 4v; ereg-n noyan ula(an debel ems 21v; debel ba ger ed'kebes 35r;

debel ed'kebes 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v,

30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; debel eskebes 23v,

25r, 29r, 30r; debel eskeki 55v; in-e debel abubasu 25r; debel ed'kebes emsbes 31r; in-e

debel okiyabasu 32r; debel tlebes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r; debil x 58r; debel

qulu(an-a qaabasu 57r; debel tlebes qaibasu 58r, 58r; debel qayabasu 58r; in-e debel buu

eske buu ems 34r; ula(an debel buu edke buu ems 34r; ula(an altatu debel buu ems buu

ed'ke 34v; eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu ems 34v; no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v,

35v; qa(uin debel buu tan-a 34v; qara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35r; qas debel buu

ed'ke buu ems 35r; ara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r; ala( debel buu edke buu ems 35r;

a(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r; debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r; beri-yin

maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin 55v; debel

emsk sayin edr 56r; ula(an debelt kmn 4v; im ula(an debelt 22v; nkgesn

debelt kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r.

debel ba ger ed'kebes if one cuts out material for a robe or tent (35r).

debel ed'kebes if one tailors a robe; G. Kara in Asiatische Forschungen VI, shows that

edke- is written in the the pre-classical calendar fragments from Turfan for classical eske-.

Thus, he translates, "if one cuts out the material for a cloak" (Kara 1984: 348); the same form

is found throughout the Turfan calendar fragments. See also Haenisch, H. Franke, and

Cerensodnom and Taube; as Mostaert notes, the form is sometimes written in the manual as

737
GLOSSARY

edeke- (MMAD, 20, #57); debel ed'kebes 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v,

28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 46v.

debel ed'kebes emsbes if one tailors a robe or wears one (31r).

debel eskebes if one tailors a robe; eske- is the classical form of pre-classical edke- (see

Kara, 1984: 348); debel eskebes 23v, 25r, 29r, 30r; debel eskeki 55v.

debel qayabasu if one discards a robe (58r).

debel qulu(an-a qaabasu if ones robe is bitten by a mouse (57r).

debel tlebes if one burns a robe (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r)

debel tlebes qaibasu if ones robe is burned or bitten (58r, 58r).

debisker [Tib. gding-ba]; a small rug; a variegated rug is the symbol of the day the gods

and demons battle; the square black rug is this symbol of the day the graha (planets) run in

search of food; cf. RRS, 452; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; ala(

debeskir bui 43r; gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; drbeljin qara

debesker ene bui 44r.

debr roof: debr bribes 42r.

debr bribes if one covers a roof (42r).

degde- to fly up: salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r ir(oli terigten amitan degde

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r.

deged doorad glegi em-e kmn a prattling woman (22r).

738
GLOSSARY

deged higher; highest, supreme, noble, sublime, eminent: deged medek-yin nigleski

usun bari(id 1v; deged amu(ulang 38r; deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v;

deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal 3r; deged merged-n ta(alal 4r; deged trl 22r, 29r, 30r;

deged Uma neret (adasun 32v; deged idi olqu 38r; deged qa(an 39v; deged beri 52r.

degeds [pl. of deged] ancestors; saints; see Chabros 1992: 37; ma(ad degeds-n erge-

dr oroqu 24r; degeds-<y>i kndlebes 30r, 34r; degeds-<y>i takiqui 61r.

degeds-<y>i kndlebes if one respects the saints (30r, 34r).

degelbr felt covering of the upper part of a ger: degelbr talbibasu 44v.

degelbr talbibasu if one places the felt covering on the upper part of the tent (46v).

degerem/degerm-e robbery; banditry; pillaging; violence: degerem qula(ayii 4v;

degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r; degerme odbasu 29v; degerm-e odbasu 35r; ireg degerm-e

odbasu 31r; irig degerm-e kiged do(in iles 40r; degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui ba

buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] iles 46r; degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v; degerem-e odbasu 25v.

degerem qula(ayii robber; bandit (4v).

degerem qula(ai yabubasu if one goes to pillage or steal (34r).

degerme odbasu if one goes to pillage (25v, 29v, 35r).

degerkei superior; haughty:

degerkei sedkilten haughty-minded ones (28v).

degr- to be full; to wax, i.e., of the moon: sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba.

bara(daqui medek kereg 4v; sara degrki bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r; bey-e inu (urban

tib-i degrmi 55r.

739
GLOSSARY

degreng sang ?full treasury: degreng sang mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

deg younger sibling, relative or companion: deg 51v, 51v; aqa deg 26r; aqa deg

qoyar 25v, 26r, 30r.

deled- to beat, pound, strike: bal(asun deledbes 25v, 34r, 35r; arid deledbes 28v, 30v;

ang kenggerge deledbes 28v, 34v, 35r; kriy-e deledbes 31v; qota deledbes 32r; sasa

deledbes 42r.

ding 1. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews 6381)]; the 4th Heavenly stem; 2. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews

6393); Mong. to(ta(i]; to make stable; 5th of the twelve lords of the day (see Mostaert

MMAD, 21, #61): ding 52r; ding im yile 7v; ding im edr 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; ding

taulai a( 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai a( 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; ding qonin a( 7v;

ding takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a a( 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; ding ker

sara 7v; ding ker a( 7v; bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing.

ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v; ding to(ta(i edr 36r.

diyan/dayan [S. dhyna]; meditation, contemplation: diyan-u ile iledbes 31r; ber-n

dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu

39r.

diyan-u ile iledbes if one performs meditation rites (31r).

doboa( heap, mound: isn doboa( iroi door-a daru(ad 23v.

dobtul- to attack, charge: morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v, 30v, 31v,

35r.

740
GLOSSARY

do(alang eremdeg kmn a crippled person (23v); do(olang yerimdeg [=eremdeg] a(sad

(aar 24r.

do(id [S. raudra; Tib. drag gshed/drag po]; the ferocious or ruthless ones; Buddhas or

Bodhisattvas who guard the external world. They are terrible in appearance. There are many

of them but eight or nine principle ones; see Lessing, 1167, RRS, 90, 402-403, 418; do(id-un

ile(s) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v; do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar 29v; do(id-un

tarni uribasu 34v.

do(id-un tarni uribasu if one recites the dhran of the fearsome ones (34v).

do(id-un ile(s) rites of the fearsome ones (25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v); these rites,

in their elaborate form, did not begin in Mongolia earlier than the 1870s; for a description of

the Mongolian do(id services, see RRS, 417-443.

do(in violent, fearsome: do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r; baling do(in

gik edr; baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; saran-lu(-a edr

qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v; baling do(in

qami(-a 40r, 41r; do(in ile(s) 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 41v, 45r, 61v; aliba do(in qata(uu

iles 45r; do(in gara( 43r; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar

bui. do(in gara( kememi 22v; ginggang kemebes nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v;

gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v; do(in qariyal kik 42v; do(in kereg kibes 45r;

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v;

kbegn trbes qata(uu do(in aburitu 61v; tere mai qata(uu do(in-u tulada.

ayila(daqui 43r.

741
GLOSSARY

do(in edr the fearsome day: do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r.

do(in gara( fearsome planet: do(in gara( 43r; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara(

bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui. do(in gara( kememi 22v; ginggang kemebes nara sara

bari(i do(in gara( 42v; gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v.

do(in qariyal a fearsome curse: do(in qariyal kik 42v.

do(in kereg a fearsome implement: do(in kereg kibes 45r.

do(in kereg kibes if one makes a fearsome implement (45r).

do(in ile(s) fearsome deeds, rites: 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 41v, 45r, 61v.

dolo(an seven: dolo(an 56v; nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr

dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr

dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-

<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r; Dolo(an (sar-a) 14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur

Dolo(an sar-a 14r; qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-

un sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn

50v; dolo(an odun 59v; dolo(an ba ese bges isn qono(-tu oldayu 23r; dolo(an edr-e

oldayu 27r, 29v; dolo(an edr-d oldayu 29v; dolo(an edr oldayu 31r; ene dolo(an edr

(aar kndebes gemgei 58v; dolo(an alqu (aar-a 23v; dolo(an kmn 29r; adu(usun

ibqarabasu doron-a g-n dolo(an kmn qula(uu amu 27r; doron-a g-n modun-u

742
GLOSSARY

dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe

29r; rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r; umara g-n usun-u dolo(an

na(idar tegsbe 32r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan

ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar 45v; Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig

Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; dolo(an orong(-a-du

tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v; dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu]tama(-a

Udarisad buyu 34r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; im[n]us-un ila(u(san

dolo(an edr 45r; dolo(an dolo(an isn isn-e ma(u 53r; dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r;

dolo(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v; a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-

a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r; inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r; dolo(an-a 56r; drben dumdadu

sarayin (urban dolo(an-a i(ulumui 38r; yer (urban dolo(an-a beri buu ab 51v; dolo(anta

qa[]k[i]ru 21v; egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r.

dolo(an gara(/odun the seven wandering stars, i.e., Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus,

Jupiter, Saturn; the week: qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu

uaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

743
GLOSSARY

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn

50v; dolo(an odun 59v.

dolo(an a(un qorin seven hundred twenty: dolo(an a(un qorin a( bui 33r.

dolo(an odun [see under dolo(an gara(]

dolo(an qubi-tu modun the pole with seven portions, i.e., the gnomon. the gnomon

referred to in the manual measures the common unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone, 1981:

181-183; For a further description of the gnomon see Needham (1959): 284; nara emnei

odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a

bayi(ulju ebes 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara

umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei

bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r.

Dolo(an (sar-a) the seventh month (14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an

sar-a 14r).

dolo(an in-e the seventh day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v; a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r; inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r).

dong(od- to call, cry, sing, make sound, i.e., of animals: Luu sara mn- tula. belge inu

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r;

ara(-a qoiyalan dong(oddumui 14r.

dooridu ma(u kmn a bad lowly person (5r).

744
GLOSSARY

dorm-a/rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma/dovrm-a [S. bali; Tib. gtor ma strewing-

oblation, an offering brought to malignant demons, either as a kind of exorcism or as an

appeasing gift, in order to prevent their evil influence upon man, (Jschke, 210a)]; they are

made of barley flour and decorated with intricate designs (Beyer 1973: 24); dorm-a a(urbasu

23v, 27v; dorm-a o(orbasu 29v, 31v; rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu

41r; rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r; yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu 55v.

[dorm-a a(urbasu] if one abandons a dorma; dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v, 29v, 31v, 35v

[dorm-a dungli] (ar(abasu if one sets out a thread-cross; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r,

47r

[dorm-a dungli] kibes if one makes a thread-cross; rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r.

doro(i downward: doro(i qandu(san (adusun 39r; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn

belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san

erdini bui 20r; doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 45r; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i

qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r;

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; doro(i

qandu(san jindamuni 45r.

doron-a/drn-e/dorona east: doron-a 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v,

9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 13v,13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 17v, 17v,

745
GLOSSARY

17v, 17v, 18r, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 54r,

54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v/drn-e 13v, 40r/dorona 60v; doron-a rn-e 18v; rn-e

doron-a 33v; doron-a g 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 27r, 27r, 28v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; doron-a-

aa rn-e g gimi 42r; rn-e doron-a-yin i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

doron-a emn-e southeast: 8r, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 13v, 15r, 16r, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19r, 30v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55;

doron-a emn-e g 25r.

doron-a umara northeast: 10r, 13v, 14r, 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v/drn-e

umara 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v; umara doron-a 8v, 8v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 24v, 40r, 40r, 40v, 54r/umara drn-e 40r.

doto(adu ordo internal palace; the northern circumpolar stars; in China, India and ancient

Mesopotamia the sky is divided into three divisions, outer, middle, and inner, the middle

being the stars of the ecliptic, outer, the stars south of the ecliptic; and inner, the northern and

circumpolar stars (Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243, 255-257); a binary division of the sky is

also found, in which the inner palace refers to the stars beyond the twenty-eight lunar

mansions (Ch. xiu); this again indicates the northern circumpolar stars (Allred, 2002: 12;

Needham, v. 3, 1959: 242-243); the inner palace is also represented by specific constellations,

the six stars of gouzhen (angular arranger, in Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and Cepheus), nine

stars of wei (the tail, the 6th xiu) and four stars of ji (the basket, the 7th xiu [Ho 1966: 67, 97-

98]): doto(adu ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

746
GLOSSARY

doto(adu to(-a internal mathematics, one of the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Klacakratantra (cf. Cornu, 25-26): (ada(adu doto(adu

ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v.

din dolo(an forty-seven: nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges tere

sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v; din dolo(an on-du saban

gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi egdeki 6v.

drbelin square: gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; (aar-un

noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin bui 20v; belge inu drbeljin qara

debesker ene bui 44r; belge inu (urban nidt drbelin 44r; drbelin kri odun 59r.

drben four: drben 27r, 38r, 39v; nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben

qono( tasuraqui 3v; nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; qulu(an-a

a(-un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu drben mi mana(ar-un

edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v; drben in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; inein drben 44v; arban

drben 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r, 39v, 40v, 40v, 41v,

47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56v; qorin drben 6r, 6v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 39v, 41v, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 55v; (uin

drben 8r, 12r, 14r, 18r; Drben sar-a 11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur. Drben

sar-a 11r; drben kmn 27r, 31r; drben odun 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r; drben odun-u

dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v; drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r; drben odun-u dri inu

747
GLOSSARY

segl met bui 30r; drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v; drben odun-u dri

vair met bui 31r; drben ekin sara 38r; drben terign sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; drben

dumdadu sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 49r; drben dumda sara 48v; drben es sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v,

49r; qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v; drben imnus-ud 38v; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; qulu(an-a ker-lu(-a Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu 46r; drben drben ma(u 48v; drben obkis 54r, 54r;

drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v; beri-yin drben ilmus 52r; qa(ailtu drben edr anu

59r; drben a(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edr bolai 59v; drben r-e tasura(san odun

kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r; drben tan odun kemebes

Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg

istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun

drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun

qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v; drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v; drben

es odun-dur qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui 61v; ed mal ibqarabasu qoyarba drben ba

ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu 24v; drben-e 38r, 55v,

56r; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e 38v; nr drben-d kmn 24v.

drben belbesn odun the four widow stars: drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg

istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r.

748
GLOSSARY

drben a( the four times, i.e., the four kalpas, kalpa of formation, continuance, decline

and disintegration; cf. DBT,118; these, as the twelve sitn barildaqui, are derived from the

horoscope; arban ir(u(an-a sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui, 38v;

drben a(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edr bolai 59v.

drben dumda/dumdadu sara the four middle months of the year: 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v,

49r.

drben es sara the final four months of the year (38r, 41v, 48r, 48v, 49r).

drben ekin sara the first four months; cf. also drben terign sara (38r).

drben obkis the four ordinal directions, i.e., southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast

(54r, 54r; drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v).

drben krdn obo( the four-wheels clan: Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun

drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

drben maqabud the four elements, i.e., earth, air, fire and water: drben maqabud-un

sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45r.

Drben sar-a the fourth month (11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur. Drben sar-a

11r).

drben imnus-ud the four demons (imnus-ud): 1. those of heaven which instigate

lasciviousness; 2. those of the body which bring ignorance; 3. those of the spirit which cause

anger; and 4. those of the king of death which promote avarice (RRS, 645): 38v.

749
GLOSSARY

drben in-e the fourth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; inein drben 44v).

drben tan odun ?the four tan nakshatra (indicating significance for those of rank, to

whom tan is used as an honorific): drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar

Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

drben terign sara the first four months; cf. also drben ekin sara: 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r.

drben r-e tasura(san odun the four stars that cut off descendants: drben r-e

tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji Baraniqoyar buyu 61r.

dtger fourth: dtger arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi glesgei 34r.

dula(an warm: (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur

oromui 9r; (aar-dur dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r; arban drben-e asu ese orobasu ebl

dula(an bolqu 19r.

dumda middle; fair: dumda 53r, 56v, 61v; tere gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda

24v; nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r; dumda bki-yi

to(orin yabu(i odun 32v; Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a Taulai edr dumda amui 42r; (urban

sayin (urban dumda. (urban es 46r; Usun Modun Altan ede edd sayin. Saran odun dumda

'al iroi odun irig-ee busud-dur ma(u 48v; sing kemek edr mr (arbasu dumda 49v;

gem-gei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v; dumda sayin 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 52v, 52v, 54r; meks dumda

52v; ede dumda beri bui. okin trmi 52r.

dumdadu middle: qaburun dumdadu sara 4r; a(-un krdn-dr qaburun dumdadu

Jayitari sara 3r, 10r; tariyain-dur qaburun dumdadu sara 8r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur

750
GLOSSARY

qaburun dumdadu sara 9r; Qulu(an-a Morin il-e qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41rl un-u

dumdadu sar-a 4r; tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u

dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r; Taulai

Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 56v; tariyain-dur

namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-

n a(-un krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu

gegreglegi 41r; ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r;

Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r; iroi odun kemebes

dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( 24r; drben dumdadu sara 38r, 48r, 48v; drben

dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r; drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r.

dungli/duvngli [Tib. mdos]; a cross formed of two small sticks, the ends of which are

connected with colored strings, and used in various magic ceremonies (Jschke, 274a; SE II,

176-198; RRS, 356; Nebesky-Wojkowitz 1950: 65-87): dungli (ar(abasu 22r; rdovarma

dungli (ar(abasu 47r; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r; rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r.

dungli (ar(abasu if one sets out a thread cross (22r).

dusul [Tib. thig le; S. bindu]; drop; essential drops of energy; cf. Lessing, 1167; Cornu, 29-

30; 1. a unit of time = 24 minutes; dusul-iyar to(alaqui 5r; bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin

a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5v; nigen qubi-dur

nigen dusul 5v; 2. a unit of matter; yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi

16r; 3. a symbol, attribute; ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; belge

751
GLOSSARY

inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r; baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v;

belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r; ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v;

belge ene qara dusul 41v; qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v; belge inu (urban

qara dusul ene bui 46v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v; belge

inu ala( dusul bui 43v.

dgrgi [Ch. man, full, (Mathews 4326)]; the one that fills; 3rd of the twelve lords of

the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi

t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; man dgrgi edr

36r.

Dlb-a the Vinaya section of the Kanjur; see RRS, 677; Dlb-a-yin yosu 3v.

dli middle; middle of the day or night, i.e., noon or midnight: nara emnei odqui es-

dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju

ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a g

odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui

6r; edr dli 24v, 39r, 39r, 40r; erig mordobasu edr dli morda 23r; sni dli 38v, 38v, 39r,

39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r; edr sni dli 42r, 42v, 42v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai

ua( Anurad Udarisad Abaji irvan Tanis Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin:

Ardar Mig ma(u. busu odun dli bui 56r; edr dli-dr qarimui 39r; edr dli-ee sni krtel-

e i(ulumui 38v; ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r; (urban sarayin qorin qoyar-

a sni-yin dli-yin urida drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v.

752
GLOSSARY

dngi [Ch. dong zhi]; the winter solstice (Mathews, 6603 [p. 963]); nara emnei odqui

es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee

qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r.

dri appearance, form, i.e., description of the nakshatra: ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn

dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r; tabun odun-u dri inu tergen- krdn met bui 25v;

(urban odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui 26r; isn odun-u dri inu. kirge-met

bui 26r; (urban odun-u dri inu. tul(-a-yin modun met bui 26v; (urban odun dri inu

kir(a(ul met bui 27r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin terign met bui 27r; ir(u(an

odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v; qoyar odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v; qoyar

odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r; tabun odun-u dri inu (ar met bui 28r; nigen odun-u dri

inu bata met bui 28v; drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v; drben odun-u dri

a(ula met 29r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 29v; (urban odun-u dri

inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan-u terign- sn

met bui 30r; drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r; tabun odun-u dri inu a(an met

bui 30v; drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u

terign met bui 31r; drben odun-u dri vair met bui 31r; qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli

seig met bui 31r; qoyar odun-u dri inu tergen met bui 31v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin

(adasun met bui 31v; (uin qoyar odun dri inu ong(ua met bui 31v; (urban odun[-u]

dri inu morin terign met bui 32r; (urban odun-u dri inu lingquu-a met bui 32r;

na(idar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud ene bui 59v.

753
GLOSSARY

ebdegi [Ch. po/po to break (Mathews 5344)]; the destroyer; 7th of the twelve lords of

the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi

t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; ebdegi edrn belge

inu qada(ur bui 20v; p ebdegi. edr 36r; yirti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v;

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v.

ebderek disintegrating; one of the stages of the horoscope, i.e., the ascendent: 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v; buyan keig ebderek 21v; gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda

ebderek ba(uram qoyar-du aliba iles l iledk 24v.

ebedin illness; disease; sickness: kmn-dr ebedin bolu(ad 15r; kbegn trbes

ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu 32r;luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; ebedin bari(ulbasu

35v; ebedin baribasu 37r; ebedin krtebes ana(aquy-a berke 40r; ebedin krtebes

edegeky-e berke 42v; ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedin emle- 28r, 56v, 61r; ebedin

taqul bolqu 57v, 57v; ebedin bolumui 58r; ebedin-d uaraqu 50r; ebedin-dr uaraqu 50r;

otai-yi erin ebedin-i iglbes 36r; ebedin-i asabasu 36v; ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun

iledbes 28v; ebedit bolumui 28v.

ebedin ada illness demons: ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r.

ebedin baribasu if one arrests an illness (37r).

ebedin bari(ulbasu if one brings an illness under control (35v).

754
GLOSSARY

ebedin emlebes if one treats an illness (61r).

ebedin krtebes if one catches an illness (40r, 42v).

ebedin-i asabasu if one treats the illness (36v).

ebedin- kmn a sick person: ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun iledbes 28v.

eber horn: bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r; orong(u-yin eber 60r; yama(an-u eber-d dr

21v; bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun 59r.

ebes(n) grass, hay, herb: tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r; o( neret ebesn

indaralamui 16r; ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r; ebesn iddlan idemi 19r; tariyan-u ebesn

tegbes 30v, 42r; ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r; Mig sara ebesn- ndsn

kkemi 2r.

ebgen old man: kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr teg ebgen emegen buu od 27r;

eremdeg ebgen 31r.

ebl winter: asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r; Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr

inelemi 3r; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r; ebln nara bayiqu 6r; tariyain-dur ebln

terign sara 16r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln terign sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r;

ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur

ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a

19r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

es Mig sara 8r; tariyain-dur ebln es sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln es sar-a

755
GLOSSARY

19r; ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r; ebln (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

sarada ker Mo(ai Noqai a( qara bolumui 42r; qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n

edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle 59r.

ebln es sara the final month of winter: Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

es Mig sara 8r; tariyain-dur ebln es sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln es sar-a

19r; ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r.

ebln dumdadu sara the middle month of winter: ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyain-

dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-n

a(-un krdin-dr ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara

bui 41r.

ebln (urban sara the three winter months: ebln (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

sarada ker Mo(ai Noqai a( qara bolumui 42r.

ebln nara ba(uqu the winter solstice: Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-

yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r; ebln

naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

ebln nara ba(uqu edr the winter solstice; Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r.

ebln nara bayiqu the winter solstice (6r).

ebln naran ba(uqu a( the hour of the winter solstice; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r.

756
GLOSSARY

ebln terign sara the middle month of winter: tariyain-dur ebln terign sara 16r;

Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln terign sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

terign Margiar sar-a 18r; ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r.

ebln til-n edr the winter solstice: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr

bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle 59r.

eige father: kbegn trbes eige inu ky 29v; eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

ni(un trbes do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu eige eke-yu(an [=ygen] arumui 43r; ede

sarada eige eke-de ma(u 51r, 51r; eige eke deg amidu bges mn tegn-d ma(u 51v.

ed possessions: ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v; ed mal gbes 31v, 36v; ed mal

ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed

ada(usun ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v; ed adu(usun neme

25v; ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 30r, 31r; ed mal gbes abubasu

43v; ed mal olqu 50r; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r; ed mal l

(ar(amui 60v; ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r; ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r; ed tavar

gletel-e a(un amin-dur krmi 47v; ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r;

ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r; ed ibqarabasu 23r, 23v; ed

btgebes 23v; ed idegen oldayu 45v; ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; ed a(urasun nemek sayin

46v; ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r; ed oldaqu sayin 50r; ed olqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r; ed

baraqu 50r; ed idegen olqu 56v; ed bara(daqu 59v.

ed adu(usun abubasu if one receives a possession or animal (24r, 27v).

757
GLOSSARY

ed ada(usun ibqarabasu if possessions or animals are missing (24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v,

29r).

ed btgebes if one achieves possessions (23v).

ed ibqarabasu if a possession is missing (23r, 23v).

ed mal abubasu if one takes possessions or livestock (27v, 30r, 31r).

ed mal ada(usun gbes if one gives away possessions, livestock or animals (24v).

ed mal (ada(i gbes if one gives out possessions or livestock (18r, 41v).

ed mal ibqarabasu if possessions or livestock are missing (22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r,

28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v).

ed mal gbes if one gives away possessions or livestock (31v, 36v).

ed mal gbes abubasu if one either gives or receives a possession or livestock (43v).

ed tavar chattels; everything material; see RRS, 452; ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r; ed tavar olqu

46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r;ed tavar gletel-e a(un amin-dur krmi 47v; ed tavar uaraqu

50r, 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r; ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu

57r.

edege- to recover, i.e., from an illness: ebedin krtebes edegeky-e berke 42v.

edke-/edke- to cut out material, e.g., for clothing; to tailor; pre-classical form of eske-; (cf.

Kara, 1979: 195; 1984: 348): buu edke 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v;

ula(an debel buu edke buu ems.34r; ger ed'kebes 22v, 28v; debel ed'kebes 22v, 24r, 25r,

25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v,

32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 37r, 46v; debel ba ger ed'kebes 35r.

758
GLOSSARY

edd [pl. of edr]; days: edd 38r, 38v, 39r, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 50v, 50v, 56r,

56v, 56v, 61v; edd-t 46v, 60r; edd-dr 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 47v, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r.

edge now; at present: edge 7r, 50v; tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroi(ulqu bui 6v.

edged ?a variant form of edge: edged-nedged-n nigen on (urban a(un iran edr

bol(au 6v.

edr the day, esp., the period of daylight: edr 4v, 31r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 50v, 53v, 54v,

55r, 58v, 59v, 61r, 61v, 61v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr 2v; edr sni

2v; edr sni sau(uu bol- 5v, 6r; edr sni qubi sau(u bol- 10r, 16r; edr sni-yin a(ur 5v;

edr sni qoyar-yi ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v; ba(uraqu-bar edr sni inu urtu

ba oqor bolumui 5v; edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; edr sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r;

naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu 6r; ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r;

edr l tasuraqu 3v; edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; edr sni sar-a il bol(au

to(alaqui 5r; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; edr ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au

5v; nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; edr niiged niiged qubi

segder (arumui 6r; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r; nigen edr

qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 6r; ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam

urtudumui 6r; ir(u(an edr (inu) lemi 6v, 6v, 6v; (uin ir(u(an edr bolumui 6v; a gi

edr 7v; ii keng edr 7v; bing in edr 7v; ding im edr 7v; uu ki edr 7v; edr qorin

ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin qoyar qubi

759
GLOSSARY

9r, 17r; edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; edr (uin drben qubi. sni

qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr

qorin drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r; luu edr 8r, 13r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

46v, 48v, 50r, 57v, 58v; mo(ai edr 8r, 8r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 48r,

48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 57v; qulu(an-a edr 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 34r, 42r, 48v, 50r, 50v,

50v, 50v, 53v, 57r, 58v; ker edr 9r, 10r, 10r, 16r, 19r, 34r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v,

46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v, 57r, 58v; ker kemebes yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr buyu

34v; baras edr 2r, 9r, 13r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 57r; taulai

edr 9r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r, 57r, 58v; takiy-a edr

9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 48r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r,

56r, 58r, 58v, 60v; noqai edr 10r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r,

55v, 58r, 58r, 58v; (aqai edr 10r , 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 35v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 50r, 53r, 55v, 58r,

60r; morin edr 10r, 14r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 55v, 57v,

58v, 60r; qonin edr 11r, 16r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 46v, 46v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v,

56r, 57v, 58v; bein edr 11r, 11r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 58r;

nigen edr 22r; edr dli 24v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r; ereg mordobasu edr dli morda 23r;

kk edr 27v; nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr bui 33r; gegrek ma(u edr bui 34v;

li qutu(tu edr 34v; an eilegi edr 35v; uu aril(a(i edr 35v; man dgrgi edr 36r;

ping tbidkegi edr 36r; ding to(ta(i edr 36r; saki(i edr 36r; p ebdegi edr 36r; i

t[g]igi edr 36v; eng btgi edr 36v ; iu quriya(i edr 36v; ke negegi edr 36v; bi

qa(a(i edr 37r; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu

760
GLOSSARY

ola abqu sayin edr 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr 37r; sm-e keyid ba nom

burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; saran-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman

ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r; i(ulqui edr 38r; sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un

qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v; saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-

iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v; il kiged sar-a edr a(-un

qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; ken edr 41v; yeke qara edr 41v; geyireglgi qara edr

41v; btk edr 42r; ba(uqu edr 43r, 43r; tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr 43r; ebdegi qara

qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v; (uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v;

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un

dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr 45r; Maqagala ba(uqu edr

46v; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; aliba sarayin l sedk

edr 47v; ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r; tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r; idkd

(ai(udaqu edr 48v; ing gii edr 48v; bi p edr 48v; ireg mordaqu edr 48v; tngri-yin

mr kemek edr 49r; dayang kemek edr 49v; ua( kemek edr 49v; vimading kemek

edr 49v; sng kemek edr 49v; sing kemek edr 49v; dada qan kemek edr 49v; arban

qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r; beri

ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r; iyerk qara edr 53r; ginggang ingpng

giki edr 53r; kbegn-e mi l gki. okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr 53v; in-e

kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v; arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk

mai ma(u edr bui 53v; okin-u mr (arqu edr 54r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v; debel

761
GLOSSARY

emsk sayin edr 56r; em neyileglki sayin edr 56r; abaig abqu sayin edr 56v; obalang-

un tngri yabuqu edr 56v; qa(ailtu drben edr 59r; qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n

edr bolai 59r; ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu edr 59v; suuli sauqu es( ula(-un

negegemel edr 60v; edr-e 26v, 27r, 29v, 58v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v; do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (aar-aa (urban edr-e (armui 24r; (urban edr-

ee anggida Altan odun 38r; baras edr-<y>i klgelen kdelge 2r; (urban a(un iran

ir(u(an edr-i nigen on bol(aju 6v; (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu 6v;

ligsen ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes 6v; din dolo(an on-du saban-gei bges uridu

qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi egdeki 6v; arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun

glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek anu 47r; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn

egtn 49v; tabun dakini-yin mr (arqu edr-<y>i ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v; odun-u

sayin-i edr-iyer il(ayu 46r; yeke qara edr-lu(-a m tokiyaldumui 41v; edr-lu(-a odun

qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge]

qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu 44v; edr-t 27r, 29v, 33r, 41v, 42r; qoyitu

drben mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d

uridu 6v; edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v, 6v, 6v; tabun edr-dr oldayu 22r; ene kedn edr-dr

47v; edr-n ileg duta(uu 2r; edr-n (ada(adu na(idar 3v; edr-n odun-i/odu-yi mede-

5r, 5r; lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; raiyan edr-

n belge erdini bui 20r; o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui 20r; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; qariqu edrn belge inu gede

qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; qariquu

762
GLOSSARY

edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui

20r; qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r; kk edrn belge inu doro(i

qandu(san erdini bui 20r; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r;

im[n]us-i il(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge

inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; erketen i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i

qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; qariqui

edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r; ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg

bui 20r; kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r; kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn

belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r; do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r; ingbng

gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v; Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui

20v; ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; baling do(in gik edrn

belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v;

gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui 20v; yeke qara edrn belge inu (urbalin

qara bui 20v; tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v; qo(osun edrn belge

(urban qara dusul bui 20v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui [edrn] belge ala( dusul bui

20v; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu [edrn] belge ala( debisker bui 20v; gara( idei erik

edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i

qandu(san qara sara 20v; ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v; ebdegi

edrn belge inu qada(ur bui 20v; (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt

drbelin bui 20v; tleki edrn belge anu solbi(san qara iruqai ene ilegdebei 20v; edr-

763
GLOSSARY

n odun-u sayin uiral 38r; qariqui edr-n belge inu arimda( vair bui 38r; mr (arqu

edrn sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin 48v; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin

nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v; arban qoyar

edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r; debel qubasun eskeki edrn

sayin 55v; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin 56v; abaig abqu

edrn sayin 56v.

edr-n ileg duta(uu the addition and subtraction of days, i.e. of calendar reckoning

(2r).

egei elder sister; elder female relative; elder female person: egei kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v.

egd- to create, originate: mandal egdbes 31v; (urbalin mandal egdbes 31v; oda(

egdbes 43v;burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v; egdk 47v; egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu

28v.

egdgsen isn tngri the nine creator gods; see A. Srkzi, BTD, 177, #2288; for the gods

who created the nine dwelling places of human beings; egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu 28v

egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu if one summons the nine creator gods (28v).

egde(n)/ egde(n) [Tib. sgo; Uy. iik]; gate, passageway. The term has both physical and

metaphysical connotations; gates are given in ancient Babylonian sources. Tamsyn Barton

writes that "In Babylonian astrology each band of stars in a constellation is envisaged as the

path of one of the gods, who enter through the gates on the horizon (Barton, p. 13).

Thompson describes the "gate" in terms of an "interruption" of the halo around the sun when

it is low on the horizon (Thompson, p. xxv). A full description of the term is given by Ren

764
GLOSSARY

Gunon in Richer's Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks, tranl. Christine Rhone, where

it says:

The vertical axis, in so far as it unites the two poles, is evidently a north-south
axis. In the transition from a polar to a solare symbolism, this axis will have
to be, as it were, projected onto the zodiacal plane, but in such a way as to
keep a certain correspondence . . . . that would be as exact as possible with the
original polar axis. Now, in the annual cycle, the winter and summer solstices
are the two points that correspond respectively to the north and to the south in
the order of space, just as the spring and autumn equinoxes similarly
correspond to east and west. The axis that will fulfill the desired condition is
thus the one that joins the two solstitial points; and it can be said that this
solstitial axis will then act as a relatively vertical axis . . . .
The cosmic cavern could have two opposed "zodiacal" gateways, in
accordance with the axis that has just been envisaged, which would
correspond respectively to the two solstitial points, one being the entrance and
the other the exit. The notion of these two "sostitial gateways" is explicit in
most of the traditions, and is generally given great symbolic importance. The
entrance is sometimes called the "gateway of humanity" . . . . The exit is then
by contrast known as the "gateway of the gods" . . . . (Richer, pp. 63-64)

"On this point, as on many others," Richer says, "the Pythagoreans were transmitting an

ancient tradition which is also clearly expressed in the Bhagavad Gita" (Richer, p. 64); cf.

also Rachmati, 395; ger-n egde 23v; tngri-yin egde/egde 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin

egden-dr 49r; (adquldu(i tngri-yin egden odun 59r; (aar-un egde 33r, 33r; sayin

egde 33r; ma(u egde 33r; sang-un egde buu nege 33v; egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r.

eglen clouds: o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v.

egr birds nest: iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] timeriddgi odun 33r; iba(un-u egri-yi

[=egr-i] (al-dur timeriddgi 33v; qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r.

egride always, constantly, forever: egride 46r; egride-yin uiral 46r.

egske- to cause to originate: ssg sedkil egske 4v.

765
GLOSSARY

eed/eid [pl. of een]; lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to spirits: (aar usun-u eid 2v;

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu

30r; (aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r.

eelegi [Ch. jian/chien, to establish, (Mathews 853)]; the one that establishes, founds;

1st of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui

35v; an eilegi edr 35v.

een/ein lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to both people and spirits: kln een

8r/kln ein 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; burqan-u ein mese-dr ky

34v; debel ba ger ed'kebes ein inu kk 35r; arban qoyar ein 35v; tngri-yin Vim-a neret

deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein

qa(an kemegdey 39v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v; (aar-un

ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; in-e ger-dr orobasu gern ein qa(acaqu 47v; tngri (aar-un

on sara edr a( me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r;

(ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r; in-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu ein-d ma(u 53v; (aar-

un ein-i takibasu 34v; (aar-un ein- gara( 24r.

eke 1. mother; refers to both people and spirits; 2. origin source; see also eki: itgen(-)

eke 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; itgen eke Takiy-a (aar-a 8r; itgen-

eke ker (aar-a 9r; beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiqu itgen eke. lii klil tngri-yin

noqai ede-[y]i keiyenek kereg-d bolai 52r; dayiwang tayiqu qangpan qongpan itgen-

766
GLOSSARY

eke abu kiged-n g buu yabu 53r; eige eke deg amidu bges mn tegn-d ma(u

51v; drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; ede sarada eige eke-de

ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v; basa nigen eket 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r,

56r, 60v; nigen eket 52r; eige eke-yu(an [=ygen] arumui 43r.

eke [Tib. ma-mo]; Hriti, the child-eating yakshini and queen of the pretas, mother of the

daitya-demons (Waddell, 99, 369); drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v.

ekener [Tib. ma-mo]; mother-she-devils (Ma-mo), black colored, the disease mistresses;

they are sometimes the spouses of the other malignant demons and cannot be very sharply

demarcated from other she-devils (Waddell, 370; Poppe 1967: 85); Cornu describes them as,

a very numerous class of fierce female deities. Although they predate Buddhism, they have

been assimilated to the Matrika, a type of sorcerer of the charnel grounds. These black

goddesses personify natural forces that become destructive when disturbed. They carry bags

full of disease germs and comprise the retinue of the Great Dharma Protectresses (Cornu,

252); ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl 38v.

ekin source; origin: Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v; qaburun ekin 7r;

ekin eribes 30r; (aar usun-aa ekin eribes 34v; drben ekin sara 38r.

ekin eribes if one seeks an origin (30r).

eli messenger; ambassador: eli arubasu 31v.

767
GLOSSARY

eli arubasu if one sends a messenger (31v).

eliy-e One meaning for eliy-e is as a hawk-like bird, another is a kind of demon; in the pre-

classical language initial h- distinguished bird (heliy-e) from demon (Golden 2000: 198A6,

186C20, 200A25); Bawden, citing Kowaleski, describes the eliy-e as "an evil hostile spirit in

the form of a bird, goblin, devil," Tib. 'gon po. Tib. 'gon po, he notes, is equivalent in the

pentaglot dictionary to Mo. klin, Manchu ekin, "an ugly demon," cf. Hauer. "Eliy-e," is

given here he says, "as a terrifying demon . . . . mentioned as the agent of disease or death

without any indications that would serve to define its nature more exactly." However, the

pentaglot dictionary gives for eliy-e Tib. bya 'dre, which Jschke translates as "a winged

diabolical creature, harpy." Cf. Bawden SE I, pp. 243-245; i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un

qoiyalamui 9r; eliy-e da(a(san kmn 22v; eliy-e ldebes 27r; gked-n eliy-e

darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v; eliy-e-yi darubasu 29r, 41r; gked-n eliy-e-[y]i darubasu

31v eliy-e darubasu 32r; abu(i eliy-e odun 59r.

eliy-e ldebes if one expels a demon (eliy-e) (27r).

eliy-e-yi darubasu if one suppresses a demon (eliy-e) (29r, 31v, 41r).

em medicine: em neyileglbes 11r; em neyileglki sayin edr 56r; em ungla(ulbasu

21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v, 46v; em buu ungla(ul 35r; em

asal ungla(ulbasu 35v; em u(la(ulbasu 22r; biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; em u(uubasu

26v/em uu(ubasu 36r; obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr em l u(uuqu 56v; em emlebes 28r,

61r; em okiyabasu 34v; em nidbes 35v, 36r, 37r; em gk-dr sayin 56r; Qonin edr em

l idek 57v.

768
GLOSSARY

em u(la(ulbasu if one gathers medicines (22r).

em ungla(ulbasu if one gathers medicines (21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r,

35r, 35r, 45v, 46v).

em emlebes if one treats an illness with medicine (28r, 61r).

em okiyabasu if one concocts medicine (34v).

em neyileglbes if one mixes medicine (11r).

em nidbes if one grinds medicine (35v, 36r, 37r).

em u(uubasu if one takes medicine (26v, 36r).

emi doctor, physician: emi otai kmn 4v.

em-e female; woman: em-e kmn 15r, 22r, 23r; em-e kmn-dr ol(aqu 5r; belbesn

em-e kmn 25r, 29v; belbesn em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r;

in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; nigen eket ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-

yin em[-e] g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v; em-e abqu er-e

kmn- nasun egdeki 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e

em-e bolbasu [. . .] 54v; taulai qonin (aqai ilten okiqu sayin ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; nigen em-e isn er-e-yi daruqu odun

59r; ed mal ibqarabasu doron-a g-n kmn qula(uyu belbesn em-e-dr qudalduu amu

25v; sara ba(-a bges em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v; kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l

okildun bo(ou kmi 30r; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r.

em-e abubasu if one takes a woman (28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r).

769
GLOSSARY

em-e sara female month, i.e., a month with 29 days (fewer than 30 days): em-e sar-a-yi

segl-ee buru(u 52v.

emegel saddle: morin dobtulbasu morin inu ky. ese bges emegel qa(arayu 35r.

emegen old woman; wife; grandmother: kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr teg

ebgen emegen buu od 27r; eremdeg ebgen emegen ba. bandi bombo kmn-e temdegt mal

(ada(i (ar(abasu 31r; emegen- snesn na(idar 31v.

emle- to treat an illness: ebedin emlebes 61r; em emlebes 28r, 61r; aliba sarayin noqai-

dur ebedin emleky-[y]i igerlegln nomlauqui 56v.

emn-e south: emn-e/emn-e 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r, 26v, 29r, 31r, 31r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42r, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 55r,

55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 60v; emn-e g uduridbasu 23v; nara emnei

odqui (ba) 3r, 3v, 5v, 6r kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r.

emn-e g uduridbasu if one leads them to the south (23v).

Enedkeg India; Indian; old form was endkeg (Kara, 1984: 201-202); Enedk[e]g-ee

ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r; Enedk[e]g-n yosu(ar 2v, 2v; Enedk[e]g-n

770
GLOSSARY

a(-un krdin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Enedk[e]g-n keleber

32r.

Enedk[e]g-n keleber Sanskrit (32r).

enele- to suffer pain of body or mind; to grieve, lament, be distressed: eneleki obalang-

iyar qoqui kemen obau yabumui 47v.

enggelegr the breast: enggelegr sayin 52v.

engkri dear, favorite, beloved, tender; a kind of demon: engkri kbegn 28r, 35r, 44r;

engkri idkd 35v; engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r.

engkri idkd-i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the demons of ones beloved (35v).

engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the demons of ones beloved (25r).

erdem knowledge, learning; science; skill, art, ability; wisdom; virtue; merit: erdem

sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r; biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; erdem bilig kiged

nom-un il-dr duratai buyu 25v; odun erdem-<y>i to(olabasu 60v.

erdem bilig wisdom: erdem bilig kiged nom-un il-dr duratai buyu 25v.

erdem sur(abasu if one teaches science (11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r).

erdeni/erdini [Tib. nor zhags]; jewel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); ene erdeni busu 10v; raiyan edr-

n belge erdini bui 20r; kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r; Altan odun

kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23v; timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v;

drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v; degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v; gede

qandu(san jindamuni erdeni ene bui 44v; erdeni terigten-i uralabasu 61v; aliba do(in

771
GLOSSARY

ile iledbes matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr adali ma(u 39r; tngri-yin erdeni-dr

mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

er-e/ere male; the male principle; man: ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v; er-e (a(a kmn-

kbegn qula(uu amu 23v; in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun

egdeki 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu 54v; ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu 54v;

ede sarada er-e-d ma(u bui 51r; sara yeke bges er-e-ee b to(ola 51v; nigen em-e isn

er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em[-e] g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r; er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu

ba(uqu bui 52r.

er-e em-e bolbasu if two become man and wife (54v).

ere sara male month, i.e., a month with thirty days: ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono(

bui 3r; er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v.

eregn the jaw, chin: eregn-dr dumda sayin 52v.

erekei the thumb: erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin unuu 39v.

eremdeg invalid, crippled: do(alang eremdeg kmn 23v; eremdeg ebgen 31r; eremdeg-

dr ada(usun gbes 31r.

erg- to raise up; to offer: abda(ur sauli er<e>gbes qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun

sayiiyamu 60v; ergki iles 46r.

ergki iles offeretory rites (46r).

772
GLOSSARY

eriyen motely, variegated, particolored; speckled, spotted; striped; streaky: eriyen debel

buu ed'ke. buu ems 34v.

erke [Tib. dbang]; power; mastery; see ED 474a; kbegn trbes erke 28r; kmn-i erke-

dr-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r; yeke erket iroy-yin inar

buyu 24r; erket (aar buu knde 34v; ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v; erke-yin iles

46r.

erke-dr(-iyen) oro(ul- [S. vairavana "striving to attain power"]; to bring (others) under

ones sway; erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r.

erkei iribasu ?if a Christian comes (36v).

erketen [S. indriya; Tib. dbang po] powerful ones; a kind of demonic spirit; various lists

are given, the most common referring to the five senses (Lessing 1169; cf. KOT 72, 107,

passim; Aalto 1961: 23; Poppe 1967: 27); erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san

ara sar-a bui 20r; okin trbes erketen-dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; erketen-i

takibasu 27v; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; Burvasad na(idar kemebes erketen- na(idar

bui 30r.

erlig [S. yama; Tib. gshin-rje; Mong. kln ejin]; king of hell; god of death; comparable

to Pluto; Erlig is the king of the underworld, but as Bawden says "the term is also used to

designate his minions: here it may be equivalent to Tib. gshin-rje, a class of death-bringing

demons for which see Oracles and Demons, p. 82" (Bawden SE I, p. 238, n. 70); modun erlig

8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa

773
GLOSSARY

(uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl 38v; kbes erlig-d-n udusq-a bui 28v; erlig-n

inu-a gik na(idar 28r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v.

erte early: mana(ar erte bosu(ad 4v; ereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda 23v.

ermel erbes if one digs an excavation (12r, 42r, 42v).

eske- to cut out material: in-e debel buu eske buu ems 34r; debel eskebes 23v, 25r, 29r,

30r; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin 55v; debel eskeki 55v.

es( fermented mares milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249): suuli [=sauli]

sauqu es( [=esg] ula(-un negegemel edr 60v.

esg ula( an aspersion of fermented mares milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249):

suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( [=esg] ula(-un negegemel edr 60v.

eyet- to be harmonious: i(ul(an eyetbes 31v; eyetn i(ulqui 61r; eyetldbes 29v;

eyetldk 45v.

eyetldbes if one is harmonious with others (29v).

(abiy-a merit, achievement; heroism, valor; worthy service: (abiy-a-du iles btk 50r;

(abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r.

(abiy-a tusa merit: kimusu ta(aribasu (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57r; nayitabasu (abiy-a

tusa yeke bolqu 57v.

(abiy-a gei without merit: qoyar aya(an-u ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui 27r.

(ada(adu outside, external: (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v; edr-n

(ada(adu na(idar 3v; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v; sni-dr (ada(adu 6v, 6v; edr-

dr (ada(adu 6v, 6v, 6v; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r.

774
GLOSSARY

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Klacakratantra (cf. Cornu, 25-30); (ada(adu doto(adu

ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened like nails in the

ice-like vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three domains and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a world pillar, the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the north Nail or world nail (Polaris) (De Santillana, 123); doro(i

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v; deged Uma neret (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

(adquldu- to fight with another; to do battle; the initial consonant reflects Ordos

pronunciation, the common classical form being qadquldu (see Poppe, 1955: 134): dayisun-

lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; (adquldubasu 21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r; dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu

29v, 32r; (adquldumui 43r, 43r; qubi sarayin inein (urban tabun qorin-a (adquldumui 43r;

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr

kemebes 43r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr 48v.

775
GLOSSARY

(adquldubasu if one fights with another (21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r).

(ai qari harm: (ai qari yeke bolqu 47v.

(aar earth, ground; the mundane: (aar usun-u eid 2v; (aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v;

(aar usun m gesmi 9r; (aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r; (aar usun-aa ekin

eribes 34v; aman-a (aar usun-i taki 55v; Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai edr (aar-un snes

(aar usun-a ba(uqu 58v; tariyan-u krngge (aar oroba 10r; Luu (aar 18r; (aar tal-a

dken asun bolumui 19r; in-e (aar bariqu 24r; (aar kdelbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r,

27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 32r, 37r; (aar baribasu 30v; (aar knde- 34v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 44r, 58v, 58v, 58v; bariqu (aar eribes 42r; tariyalang-un (aar

qudalduqui 45v; belbesn em-e kmn bk (aar bariqu na(idar kemey 29v; aqui (aar

inu qami(-a bui 32v; tariyan-u (aar olqu 46v; qola (aar oriqu 58r; in-e (aar il(abasu

61r; (aar-a 6v, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 19r; dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin

(aar-a bayi(ulju 6r; arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a 6v; Takiy-a (aar-a 8r; dolo(an alqu

(aar-a 23v; rn-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu 24r; tngri-yin

(aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar 28v; qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r; qola (aar-a

odqui 47v; qola (aar-a mr (arbasu 47v; ni qola (aar-a 57r; qola busu (aar-a odqu 61v;

do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (aar-aa (urban edr-e (arumui 24r; qa(urai (aara usun (ar(an

idamu 32v; ese sana(san (aar-aa dayisun bolqu 42v; qola (aara oid irek 57r; sme

keyid bariqu (aar-<y>i beleglebes 23r; qada (aar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v; nin kbegn

dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r; kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 31r; ireg kia(ar

776
GLOSSARY

(aar-i baribasu 32r; (aar-<y>i tbidken idamu 32v; tngri (aar-<y>i taki 32v; tngri (aar-

<y>i takibasu 35r; kbegn trbes eige inu ky. sgsen qoyin-a (aar-ta(an l aqu

bui 30r; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r;

(aar-dur dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r; (aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r; (aar-tur

qamu( nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r; (aar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neret iig

delgeremi 13r; (aar-dur serign segder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r; (aar-

dur lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r; (aar-dur o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r;

(aar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r; (aar-tur egeren taki

qoiyalamui 18r; qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v; (aar-un ene oron 3r; tngri (aar-un qorin

drben a(ur a( 6r; (aar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; (aar-un

een/eid [S. bhmipati; Tib. sa-bdag]; lords of the earth, spirit lords of the soil; genius loci

(cf. TEDP, 419); (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (aar-un ein

noqai idei eriki edr 20v; dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r; luus-un qad

(aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v; (aar-un ein-i

takibasu 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; (aarun ein qa(an 39v; luus-un qad

(aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v;

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin bui 20v; (aar-un egde

ali bui 33r; (aar-un egde mn Barani 33r; tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un

qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v 44r; tngri (aar-un on sara edr a(

me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein 55r; (aar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v, 58v; (aar-un snes

58v; Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai edr (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

777
GLOSSARY

(aar baribasu if one builds on the land (assuming the dat.-loc. ending is implicit) 30v.

(aar kdelbes if there is an earthquake (25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 37r).

(aar kndebes if one disturbs the ground (36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 44r, 58v, 58v).

(aar usun earth and water: (aar usun-u eid 2v; (aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v; (aar

usun m gesmi 9r; (aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r; (aar usun-aa ekin eribes

34v; aman-a (aar usun-i taki 55v; Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai edr (aar-un snes (aar

usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

(aar usun-u eid guardian spirits of a place. In the manual they are composed according

to the Chinese tradition (2v). Cf. Waddell, p. 372; (aar usun-u eid 2v; (aar usun eid-i

takibasu 39v.

(aar usun eid-i takibasu if one sacrifices to the lords of earth and water (39v).

(aar-un ba(atud the heroes of the earth (58v, 58v, 58v).

(aar-un egde [Tib. sa-sgo]; the earthly gate; a celestial passageway, counterpart to the

heavenly gate (tngri-yin egde); in the manual the earthly gate refers to the nakshatra Barani

(S. Bharan); through these gateways spirits pass, often bringing negative influence (TEDP,

86; ODT, 285-298; Krueger 1976: 207, 234, 253, 272; Srkzi 1989: 320; Dollfus 1994);

(aar-un egde ali bui 33r; (aar-un egde mn Barani 33r.

(aar-un een/eid [S. bhmipati; Tib. sa-bdag]; lords of the earth, spirit lords of the soil;

genius loci; the number of the various lords of the earth is said to be infinite; the prinary

778
GLOSSARY

source enumerating them is the Byung-ba rin-chen kun-dus [Gathering of all precious

elements] (cf. TEDP, 120, 419); see also Waddell, 371-372; (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn

belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 20v; dumdadu bk (aar-un

ein- gara( bki 24r; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un

ada adalamui 34v; (aar-un ein-i takibasu 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v;

(aarun ein qa(an 39v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r; ebdegi qara qada(ur

bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v.

(aar-un (al fire of the earth; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the Indian

Srya Siddhnta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess, 379-383); these

malignant aspects are said to result in "consuming fire" and at these moments the time is

"forbidden for all works. This, then, seems to be the context as well for l sedk, which

follows tngri-yin (al. Sara-yin (al, which begins to occur in these lists of influences in the

following month, is also associated with consuming fire. For more direct references of

these terms to the context given here I have only been able to find a relevant term for sara-yin

(al, which is given in Cornu as "Fiery lunar days" (p. 212); (aar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r,

14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

(aar-un noqai the dog of the earth; mundane or earthly counterpart to the Dog of Heaven

(tngri-yin noqai): (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin bui

20v.

(aar-un snes the spirit of the earth: (aar-un snes 58v; Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai

edr (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

779
GLOSSARY

(al fire; the planet Mars (Tuesday); one of the four elements; one of the five elements: (al

20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 21v, 45v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v; 'al (odun) 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 48v,

48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r; 'al odun bges egerde qalan morin una(san ba. bombo kmn ba

ula(an debelt kmn ba ese bges degerem qula(ayii ba keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v

'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui 22v; tngri-yin (al 8r,

9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Morin edr tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r; (aar-un

(al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r,

16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; (al mandal tle- 10r, 38v, 61v; Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara(

kemem (al inar bui 21v; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar

bui 22v; Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar

(al-un inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r; (al takil takibasu 21v, 31v, 35r; (al takibasu 35v, 36v, 37r; qoyar (al uarabasu

delgereki-yin uaral[.] delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; (al kei qoyar uarabasu

yeke kt uaral bged. kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; (al iroi qoyar

uarabasu tleki-yin uiral. tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r; usu (al qoyar

uarabasu kl-n uiral bui kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r(al tlegi 52v; beri

(al-du mrgglk a( 53v; ker qonin ilt okin-i Takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl 53v;

780
GLOSSARY

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged 22r; debel eskebes (al-dur

tley 25r; iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] (al-dur timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v; qulu(an-a

morin ilt okin-i 'aqai a(-tu (al-dur mrgglbes sayin 53v; baras bein ilt okin-i 'aqai
a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r

taulai takiy-a ilt okin-i Noqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; luu noqai ilt okin-i Taulai

a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; mo(ai (aqai ilt okin-i Bein a(tu (al-dur mrgglbes

sayin 54r; (al-tu qoroqai ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r; (altu tor(on ergiki

modun odun 59r; (al-un takil (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil iledbes 34v;

emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali 33r;

(al-un galab bol(a(i Barani bui 33r; (al-un oi-du tlek 55v, 56r.

(al inar the essence of fire, i.e., the element fire: Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara(

kemem (al inar bui 21v; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar

bui 22v; emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; Kerteg Barani

ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v;

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; qoyar (al

uarabasu delgereki-yin uaral[.] delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; (al kei qoyar

uarabasu yeke kt uaral bged. kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; (al iroi

qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral. tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r; usu (al

qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r.

(al mandal tlebes if one burns a fire mandala (10r, 61v).

781
GLOSSARY

'al (odun) fire star, i.e., Mars, Tuesday: 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v,

46r, 46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r; 'al odun bges egerde qalan morin una(san

ba. bombo kmn ba ula(an debelt kmn ba ese bges degerem qula(ayii ba keregr

bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui

22v.

(al takil takibasu if one offers the fire sacrifice (21v, 31v, 35r).

(al takibasu if one offers the fire [sacrifice] (35v, 36v, 37r).

(al-tu qoroqai firefly: ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r.

(altu tor(on lit. fiery silk; flaming fire; a wall of fire: (altu tor(on ergiki modun odun

59r.

(al-un galab the kalpa of fire: (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(i

Barani bui 33r.

(al-un takil the fire offering; see Mostaert, A propos dune prire au feu, 1962: 191-223;

Bawden, Ch.,1963: 281-303; cf. also Atwood, 1996: 112-139: (al takil takibasu 21v, 31v,

35r; (al takibasu 35v, 36v, 37r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil iledbes

34v.

(al-un takil takibasu if one offers an offering of fire (22r, 23v, 34v).

(al-un takil iledbes if one makes an offering of fire (34v).

782
GLOSSARY

(ala(un goose: anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r.

(ana gr-d sedkil-n inar the quality of a single-pointed mind; single-minded

concentration; the term refers to the desired outcome of yogic practice; cf. Lopez 1995: 15;

Beyer 1973: 71; Waddell, 141: (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar 1v.

(ang drought: (ang bolqu 12r, 17r, 25r; (a'ng bolqu 61r.

(angla(ur [=(angna(ur] soldering metal: iker qangla(ur terigten. tu(-un iin-du uyau

50v.

(angqui to be satisfied: do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar kemey 29v

(aqai pig; one of the twelve animals: 'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v; 'aqai sara-dur (uingei 3v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding

(aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v; ki (aqai sara 7v; Tbed-dr 'aqai sar-a

17r; 'aqai a( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r; ii (aqai a( 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; gii (aqai a( 7v; in

(aqai a( 7v; ki (aqai a( 7v; 'aqai (edr) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; 'aqai il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; (aqai ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v; (aqai ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v,

54v; 'aqai (aar-a 14r; (aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

(aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r; ira (aqai uu gii [. . .] qara bui 41r; (aqai qoi(utu 55r;

'aqai edr okin l gk. (aqai l alaqu miq-a l idek 58r; (aqay-yin 59r; dayisun-u

noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr 23r; bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

783
GLOSSARY

'aqai sara Pig month: 'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v; 'aqai sara-dur (uingei 3v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi

(aqai sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v; ki (aqai sara 7v; Tbed-dr 'aqai sar-a 17r.

'aqai a( Pig hour: 'aqai a( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r; ii (aqai a( 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; gii

(aqai a( 7v; in (aqai a( 7v; ki (aqai a( 7v.

'aqai (edr) Pig day: 'aqai (edr) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; 'aqai edr okin l gk. (aqai l alaqu miq-a l idek 58r.

'aqai il Pig year: 'aqai il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; (aqai ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v; (aqai ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v.

'aqai (aar-a Pig place: 'aqai (aar-a 14r.

(aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

(ar hand: (ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v; (ar qo(osun 49v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui

belge 20v; (uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v; (ar met 59v; tabun odun-u dri inu

(ar met bui 28r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-ta(an

odo( bari(san bui 54r; sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegn

(artur nigen irbegel bari(ulu 54v.

(arul(-a damage, loss: yeke (arul(-a-u 59v.

(asalang-un mr the path of affliction: umara (asalang-un mr 54r; rn-e (asalang-un

mr 54r; doron-a (asalang-un mr 54r; drben obkis (asalang-un mr 54r.

784
GLOSSARY

(ai(udaqu edr a day to lament: tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r; idkd (ai(udaqu

edr 48v.

(ai(un obalang bitter suffering: nara sara kbes tere ulus-dur (ai(un obalang-dur

ayul bolqu 27r.

(ayila(daqu iles deeds to be rejected, considered taboo: a( kiged (ayila(daqu iles

anu 42r.

(ayiqami( wonderful: okin trbes (ayiqami( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu 26r

(ayitu unlucky, unfortunate: quda anda bolqui-du (ayitu bui 56r.

(okimui withering; Ordus pronunciation of qokimai "dry, dried up" (Lessing, 956); term

has many meanings, including: the Buddhist idea of "the misery of the gods" when their merit

is finally exhausted; after almost incalculable time "this lake of nectar dries up" (Waddell, 88-

89); Hindu eschatology states the world will perish because of the conjunction of 12 suns,

which will destroy the earth by withering all substances (Sachau 1971: 325); it also refers to

the image of a skull pan, made of dough, which is placed on a pyramid, also made of dough,

in a religious service known in Tibetan as zor (RRS 493) and dried up bones, especially the

dancing skeletons in the Tsam ceremony (RRS 510-511; Poppe 1967: 60); the form here is

short for modun (okimui; this is wood which may be decorated with cloth and expelled as a

ransom figure (Bawden SE II, 173, n. 78): (okimui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; modun (okimui 48r.

785
GLOSSARY

(olomta hearth; fireplace in a tent: (olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v;

(olomta ger nutu( mr ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta deg ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r; sara yeke bges (olomta-aa b to(ola 51v.

(ool river: qo(osun (ool ba qo(osun bal(asun-dur qara modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 24v;

rn-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu 24r.

(ool irken aorta; the small objects placed inside a buddha image to enliven it: burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v.

(ui(ad thirty each: ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r.

(uin thirty: (uin 40v, 41v, 44r, 53r, 53r; deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun

terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r;

Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin

qono(gei 3v; Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai

sara-dur (uingei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r;

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; (uin mi nigen qubi 5r; (uin qubi nigen

qono( 5r; (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu lemui 6v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v; Isn

sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl 38v; Arban nigen

sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl 38v; (uin-a 8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 56r, 58v.

786
GLOSSARY

(uin qoyar thirty-two: edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edr (uin

qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; (uin qoyar odun 59v; emegen- snesn

na(idar (uin qoyar odun dri inu ong(ua met bui 31v; (uin qoyar okin tngri 32v.

(uin drben thirty-four: edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr

(uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r.

(uin ir(u(an thirty-six: arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a

bol(au to(alabasu basa ir(u(an edr lemi. (urban on-dur (uin ir(u(an edr bolumui

6v; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr qorin drben qubi. sni (uin

ir(u(an qubi 19r.

(uin qono( thirty days: deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terign Baras sar-a-

dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uin

qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3v;

Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur

(uingei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uin

qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v.

(uin edr thirty days: (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu

lemui 6v.

(urba(ad three by three: (urba(ad (urba(ad 3v

(urba(ula three together (26r).

(urbalin triangle: (urbalin ula(an 20v (urbalin qara 20v; (urbalin mandal egdbes

31v.

787
GLOSSARY

(urbalin mandal egdbes if one creates a triangular mandala (31v).

(urban three: (urban 27r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 43r, 51v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 60r; (urban a( 1v, 1v; (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua

(urban to(-a 1v; (urban il 46r; qono(-un (urban il 2r; (urban il 3r, 4r, 42r, 58v, 58v;

(urban on 6v; 'urban sar-a/sara 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v; qaburun (urban sara 42r,

42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

sara 42r, 42r, 55r; (urban adqu 6r; (urban in-e 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v;

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; (urban nidt drbelin 20v, 44r; (urban edr 24r, 38r; (urban

odun 26r, 26v, 27r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 32r, 32r, 56v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v;

(urban kmn 28v; (urban kl 32r; (urban (urban-du ma(u 37v; (urban sayin (urban

dumda. (urban es 46r; (urban krdn 48v, 51v; (urban tib 55r; (urban-a 44r; (urban

(urban-du ma(u 37v.

(urban a( the three times, i.e., past present and future (Lessing, 369); (urban a( 1v, 1v.

(urban a(un iran three hundred sixty (5r, 6v, 33r).

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an three hundred sixty-six (6v).

(urban il [see under qono(-un (urban il].

'urban sar-a/sara the third month: 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v

788
GLOSSARY

(urban sara the three months, i.e., of each season of the year: qaburun (urban sara 42r,

42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

sara 42r, 42r, 55r.

(urban in-e the third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v.

(urban to(-a the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external, internal and secret, according

to the Klacakratantra (cf. Cornu, 25-26); (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v.

(urban a( 1v, 1v.

(uyila(i [S. bhikshu; Tib. dge slong]; beggar: bayan bges (uyila(i bolqu 41v;

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v.

(uyil'(-a alms: busud-aa (uyil'(-a abubasu 25r.

(uyirani beggar: (uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed

ba(urau (uyirani bolumui 42v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu (uyirani bolumui

43r; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; (uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v.

gabala [Tib. thod pa; S. kapla]; skull cup; a ritual implement; a symbol/attribute; cf. RRS,

152-153,435; ODT, 18; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; gabala 47r.

galab [S. kalpa; Tib. skal pa]; eon, age; a mythological period of time in Buddhist

cosmology (Lessing, 346); 1 kalpa = 4,320,000 years; 72,000 kalpa = life of Brahma;1 kalpa

= 1000 mahayugas;1 mahayuga = 4,320,00 years; each mahayuga has 4 smaller yugas in ratios

to each other of 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1; the last yuga, the kaliyuga, is 1/10 mahayuga = 432,000

years; this is a Babylonian number, the span of time given to the Babylonian kindom before

789
GLOSSARY

the flood in the histories of Berosos And Abydenus (Pingree, ISIS, 1963: 238); in the text the

four kalpa are given in terms of the Pythagorean four elements as opposed to the terms of the

horoscope, "formation, continuance, decline, and disintegration" which is more common; cf.

Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, 211-214; (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali bui

33r; (al-un galab bol(a(i Barani bui; usun-u galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; usun galab

bol(a(i Jayitari bui; kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(i

Burnavasu buyu 33r.

galbaranjan modun [Tib. dpag bsam lhon tsing; S. kalp-druma, kalpa vrksha]; the wish-

granting tree, a mythological tree (Lessing, 1170); Modun odun kemebes gelen galbaranjan

modun-u gara( bki 23r.

gara( [S. graha seizer, Tib. za]; planet; planets; known as seizer in Indian astrology

because they lay hold of the fates of men with their supernatural influence (Burgess, 1859:

275; see also Stone, 1981: 94); also rendered in Mongolian as gra(-a (KOT 60): gara( 54v;

taban gara( 2r; ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r; gara( idei erik edrn belge

drbelin qara debisker 20v; qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i

tokiyaldu(ulu 21r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v;

Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem 21v; Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un

qad-un gara( bki 22r; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bki 22v; do(in gara( 22v;

tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v; Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-

un qa(an-u gara( bki 22v; Modun odun kemebes gelen galbaranjan modun-u gara(

bki 23r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23v; iroi odun kemebes

790
GLOSSARY

dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r; gara( tegs inu sayin 24v; gara( ba yabuqui

odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v; isn gara( 32v; niiged gara( bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin

inu 38r; nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v; odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu 55r; odun

gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r; niiged gara(-lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui 33r;

gara(-ud 45v; gara(-ud-iyar; gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; gara(-ud-un; gara(-

ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in inu 39v; gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v; gara(-ud-un

do(in idei eriki inu 43v; gara(-un qubil(an 39v; do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu 43r.

gara(-ud the planets; [Tib. za; S. graha]; the planets; malevolent planetary spirits which

cause diseases such as epilepsy. Some are seasonal, such as the black dog, which comes in

the spring; cf. Waddell, 369; Cornu, 252; r giki-dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v.

gargada [S. karkat}a]; crab: Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger 13r.

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger [S. karkat}a]; the house of the Crab; Cancer; 6th sign of the

zodiac; the more commonly found Mongolian term for crab is naimalji from the stem

naiman "eight" referring to the crabs eight claws; this sign of the zodiac is now commonly

referred to as meneki-yin ger (see, for instance, melkhiin ger in the modern Mongolian

almanacs of Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish): Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertr

naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r.

Garm-a dagini [S. karma action; S. d}~kin]; Karma d}~kin; one of the five d}~kin (49v).

gdanm-a [Tib. gtan "consort" + -m-a ?feminine ending]; consort; cf. Das, 521; arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v.

791
GLOSSARY

gedesn stomach: terign gedesn qoyar-tu beri ab 55v.

gegn mare: nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i (odun) 33r, 33v.

geige(n) nape of the neck: geige-dr meks dumda 52v; ed mal ibqarabasu geigen-dr

tgenet kmn qula(uyu 29v.

gem harm: gem l bol- 37v, 51v; gem gei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v;(aar kndebes gem

gei 58v; nidn-d gem-d kmn 4v.

gemil repentance; regret: kemor gemil bolumui 50r.

gemigleng repentance; remorse: gemigleng bolqu 50v, 50v.

gen [Ch. gen/ken (Mathews, 3327)]; one of the eight trigrams: gen-dr uira(san beri

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui bgded ma(u 54r.

geng/ging [Ch. geng/keng (Mathews, 3339)]; the 7th Heavenly stem: ii geng yile 7v; ii

geng edr 7v; ging baras sara 7v; ging luu sara 7v; ging morin sara 7v; ging bein sara 7v;

ging noqai sara 7v; ging qulu(an-a sara 7v; ging luu a( 7v; ging morin a( 7v; ging bein

a( 7v; ging noqai a( 7v; ging qulu(an-a a( 7v; ging baras a( 7v; ging in<g> 41r; ging

ing 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

ger dwelling; house; loci, topos, sign, i.e., of the zodiac: ger 23r, 51v, 51v; ger baribasu 26r,

26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r, 43v, 46v, 55v, 60r; kbegn-e ger baribasu

21v, 35r; kbegn-dr ger baribasu 34r; in-e ger baribasu 24r, 35r; k sang-un ger baribasu

25v; irid-n ger baribasu 26v; qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin

edr 37r; dabqur ger baribasu 43v; terign-dr ger buu bari 55r; ger ed'kebes 22v, 28v; debel

ba ger ed'kebes 35r; ger negbes 23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v; ger asabasu

792
GLOSSARY

25v, 35v, 36r, 36v, 37r; in-e ger ba qota asabasu 25r; ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r; ger

tergen asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r; ger

bosqabasu 28r; k sang-un ger bosqabasu 20r; sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v; ger tergen

bosqabasu 37r, 42r; in-e ger abubasu 29v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; ebderegsen ger

buu selbi 34v; ger baribasu aabasu [=asabasu] 35v; qa(uin ger ebdebes 36r; ger bri-

36v, 47v; ger tergen inedkebes 45r; ger tergen ari(ulbasu 54v; ger dotor-a qoor qomsa

bolqu 57v; ger-ee nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v; geree nayir (arbasu 57r; ger-ee

x 57v, 58r, 58r; teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu 31r; isn gerte ni(uu 22v;

rn-e qandu(san gerte abu odba 22v; nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge gerte okiyabasu 36v;

gerte oro(ulu(i 52v; in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v; l taiyan

gerte oro(ulbasu 53v; gertegen l qariqu 48r; ger-tr-iyen qaribasu 36r; niiged niiged gertr

yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r; niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr

niiged niiged qubi segder neme 6r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki

darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun

gimi 9r; nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san-u tula Qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; nara ker-n

ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula.

yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r; Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertr

naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u

gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r; naran Okin-u gertr oro(san-u tula

yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r; naran inglegr-n gertr oro(san-u tula.

yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r; naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u

793
GLOSSARY

tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r; naran Numun-u gertr oro(san-u

tula yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r; naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u tula

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; in-e ger-tr orobasu 22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 47v; ger-dr yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes 35v; ger-dr oid irek 57r; noqai

kegbes ger-dr qula(ayii oroqu 57v; ger-n egde 23v; nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge

gerte okiyabasu 36v; gern ein 47v; ger-n qo(osun anu 48v; gern [n]iru(un met 59v.

ger baribasu if one builds a dwelling (26r, 26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r,

43v, 46v, 55v, 60r).

ger baribasu aabasu [=asabasu] if one builds or repairs a dwelling (35v).

ger bayiing qota asabasu if one repairs a dwelling, building or city wall (28r).

ger bosqabasu if one erects a dwelling (28r).

ger bribes if one covers a tent (36v).

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu if one thoroughly repairs any

of the old things in ones home (36r).

ger ed'kebes if one cuts out the material for a dwelling (22v, 28v).

ger asabasu if one repairs ones home (25v, 35v, 36r, 36v, 37r).

ger negbes if one moves ones home (23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v).

ger tergen ari(ulbasu if one has a tent cart cleaned (54v).

ger tergen bosqabasu if one erects a tent cart (37r, 42r).

ger tergen asabasu if one repairs a dwelling or cart (36r, 36v, 37r).

ger tergen inedkebes if one renovates a tent cart (45r).

794
GLOSSARY

ger-ee nayir (arbasu if one holds a banquet in ones home (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v,

57v, 58r, 58r).

ger-dr-iyen qaribasu if one returns to ones own dwelling (36r).

ger-n niru(un ridgepole, i.e., of a house; refers to the figure of the 12th Chinese lunar

mansion wei, comprising three stars, " Aquarius and ,, 2 Pegasus (Schlegel, 1967:233):

gern [n]iru(un met 59v.

ger-n qo(osun ?the doppelgnger of a [heavenly] loci (48v). It is said that the empty

home is of such bad quality it is demonized. See Srkzi BTD, 2437, p. 187. Mostaert, citing

Jschke, gives a Tibetan equivalent as k'ang-stong "an empty house, which is thought a fit

place for sorcery and necromancy (MMAD, 36, n. 94; Jschke, 38a). The reference must also

have an astrological meaning, which is more relevant. The term qo(osun refers to an occult

form or doppelgnger (Ch. kong/kung empty [cf. Ho 2003: 122]), and ger, a celestial house

as in the signs of the zodiac. See, for example, the phrase ordon inu qo(osun in the

Klacakra (KOT 77). Cf. also under qo(osun and qo(osun qumq-a.

geresengeri ?: geresengeri 59r.

gergi wife; Usun odun uirabasu gergi olqu 46v.

ges- to melt; thaw: (aar usun m gesmi 9r.

geign [yan lag]; limb; member; the reference here is to the various parts of ritual (cf.

Lessing, 1170): ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r.

795
GLOSSARY

geyi-/gi- to dawn, grow light: r geyigsen 42v; r geyiki-dr 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r; r giki-

dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; r geyim 2r, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

gi/gii 1. [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews, 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem; [see under i]; 2. [Ch. zhi/chih

to uphold, protect (Mathews, 996); Mong. saki(i]; 6th of the twelve lords of the day:

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v; gi

saki(i edr 36r ing gii edr sayin 48v.

gin [Ch. qian/chien (Mathews, 3233)]; one of the eight trigrams: gin-dr uira(san beri

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugde-d toli bui 54r.

ging 1. [Chinese geng]; the 7th Heavenly stem; [see under geng]; 2. Tib. letter ki (Jschke,

3a): ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v.

ginggang [Tib. king kang/kang dang king]; a terrifying deity, which is said to signify

Rhu/Rhula; (cf. Jschke, 3b, 2b); cf. also Mostaert DO, 548; ODT, 147; ginggang gik

edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg

bui 20v; ginggang kemebes nara sara bari(i do(in gara( kememi qamu(-i geyireglgi

qara imu kemem 42v; iyerk qara edr ginggang ingpng giki edr ma(u 53r.

gikim whereas alqum is the measure of a pace or step, i.e., a yard; gikim is the measure

of one footprint, i.e., a foot (see Altangerel, MAT, under alxam, p. 14 and (4T(^<, p. 88;

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-

dr (ada(adu bui 6v; nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge

tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v.

796
GLOSSARY

gq-a ?hook [transcription and translation uncertain]: jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar

tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

grgein imnus hunter demons: grgein imnus-un odun 59r.

grgesn ungulate; here specifically the antelope: grges terign met 59v; (urban

odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui 26r; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan

met bui 29v; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r.

gan [S. kshana; Uy. kan < Tokh. A]; moment, small fraction of time = the time of an

arrow shot by a marksman to pierce a leaf: eng terign gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar

il buyu 5r; eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi

to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r; nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r.

gi [Ch. gui/kuei (Mathews 3628)]; the 10th of the ten heavenly stems: gi 52r; uu gi yile

7v; uu gi edr 7v; gi taulai sara 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; gi mo(ai a(

7v; gi qonin sara 7v; gi qonin a( 7v; gi takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; gi (aqai sara

7v; gi (aqai a( 7v; gi ker sara 7v; gi ker a( 7v; im gi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/im yii

[=gi] 52r, 52r.

gi- to run, e.g. of fish, of demons: ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v Bati

bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v; ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara

dusul bui 20v; baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; erlig-n inu-a

gik na(idar 28r; qara ingpng giki 42r; ginggang ingpng giki edr 53r; gimi

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v; usun-u dotor-a i(asun gimi 8r; usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi

9r; idei eren gimi 40r, 40r; [x] g gimi 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r; edr dli emn-e g-ee

797
GLOSSARY

umara g gimi 40r; rn-e-ee doron-a g sni dli gimi 40r; qoyar sarayin Baras Bein

edr sni dli gimi 42r; egni gik eser'g irig uduridbasu 40r; edr nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a gimi 42r; Baras Bein edr r geyiki-dr gimi 42r; ker Qonin edr nara

inggeki a(tur gimi 42r; Tabun sarayin ker Qonin edr nara ur(uqui a(tur gimi 42r;

ir(u(an sarayin ker Qonin edr nara manduqui-dur gimi 42v; Dolo(an sarayin Luu

Noqai edr nara manduqui a(tur gimi 42v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein

giki edr 43v.

gie-/gii- to mature, e.g., of animals: morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn

giimi 12r; belge inu qonin addu(ad tar(u giiy 13r.

giles apricot: alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r.

gri basket; refers to Chinese ji/chi (Mathews 402) the basket, the 7th Chinese lunar

mansion corresponding to the Udarisad; it comprises four stars, (, *, , Sagittarius and $

Telescope (Schlegel, 1967: 161): drbelin kri odun 59r.

gzangdang [Tib. gza bdun]; planet: Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanblan

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

ibegel protection; brides protector; cf. Mostaert, MMAD, 48, n. 108; Hangin 1975: 86, note

13; for the ibegel in the marriage ceremony, see RRS, 566: (abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel

edr ba(u(daqui 52r; asal asan okiqu l okiqu ibegel gki abqui gara( odun il saran

edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu 54v;

qulu(an-a luu bein ilten ibegel okiqu 54v.

798
GLOSSARY

idegen food, viands: eldeb idegen kiged takil beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-<y>i taki 32v;

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r; ed idegen oldayu 45v; ed idegen olqu bui 56v;

idegen olqu 49v, 50v; idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r; darasun idegen uaram 50r;

idegen qurim uaraqu 50r; idegen ideglgi 52v; idegen-d uaraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dr

uiraqu 58r; ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r.

idei food, nourishment, e.g., for demons: gara( idei erik edrn 20v; saran-lu(-a edr

qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v; tngri-yin noqai

idei erik edr 20v; ginggang idei erik edr 20v; (aar-un noqai idei erik edr 20v;

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; idei eren gimi 40r, 40r; idei ereki a( 42v;

gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v.

ii [Ch. yi/i (Mathews 3017)]; the 2nd Heavenly stem: ii 52r; ii geng; ii geng yile 7v; ii geng

edr 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v;

ii ker sara 7v; ii taulai a( 7v; ii mo(ai a( 7v; ii qonin a( 7v; ii takiy-a a( 7v; ii (aqai

a( 7v; ii ker a( 7v; a ii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

ia(ur origin; descent, extraction; clan: na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r; (aar

kdelbes barama ia(ur-tan-a ma(ui 31v.

ilau tegs ngigsen [S. bhagavant; Tib. bcom ldan das]; victoriously passed beyond:

ilau tegs ngigsen burqan 1v.

ildanbala [Tib. ldan ba la]; completion: Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

ildn sword, sabre: qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r.

799
GLOSSARY

il(al classification; see BTD, 322, #4600 ff.; SE I, 219; ndsn- geign-i nigleski

gara( ba edr-n ileg duta(uu odun na(idar-un krdn qono(-un (urban il il(al

terigten-i medegdek 2r; qariqui ba. abqu gegeki-yin il(al 2v; ma(u il(al 56v; a(-un

il(al-<y>i medesgei 5r; sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v.

il(ari distinctive: il(ari 26v; okin bges il(ari bui 23r.

ina(u[n]ki [S. samvr}ti-satya; Tib. kun rdzob kyi bden pa]; surface, i.e., superficial or

relative reality or truth, as contrasted to nemleki nen (Lessing, 1171): (urban a(-un

uqa(-a edi bodgalis-dur ina(u[n]ki terigten itn barildaqui iles keregt kemen 1v.

ini dowry: kbegn-e mi l gki. okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr inu 53v.

iro-a omen, presage, auspice: Qulu(an-a edr iro-a buu e 34r; Qulu(an-a edr iro-a l

ek 57r; ger-ee x sayin iro-a bui 57v.

irger irgebes if one offers a blessing (27v).

isangla- [Mong. erke teglder bol-]; to invest with power; promote: noyan isanglabasu 61r;

noyad isanglaqu 35v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r; ker

edr noyan l isanglaqu 57r.

isgarma [Tib. skar ma] star: Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

isn nine: nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun edge ene on-u qubi sarayin

nigen inide tokiyaldumui 7r; Isn sara 16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; isn adqu iroi 22r;

isn aya(-a usun 22r; isn kmn 22r, 22v, 26r, 27v, 53v; isn ger 22v; isn qono( 23r; isn

800
GLOSSARY

doboa( iroi 23v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui 25r;

isn odun 26r; egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu 28v; isn il tariyan 30r, 31r; isn il ngge-

d keb-d 32v; isn gara( 32v; isn iruqai 42v; isn uil modu 50v; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-

yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r, 59r; nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi

Abiji buyu 34r; isn isn-e ma(u 53r; isn in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r; inein isn 39v, 41v, 44v; arban isn 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r; qorin isn 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 58v; qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r;

isn-e 38r, 56r; isn isn-e ma(u 53r; arban isn-e 10r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 53r, 56r; qorin

isn-e 11r, 12r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 47v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-

ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r.

isn gara( the nine planets (32v); the Teutonic week. Included with the seven gara(

which comprise the days of the week there are two additional gara(, Rhu and Ketu, to make

nine total. Rhu, which designates the moon's ascending node is mythological and belongs

to the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was believed to

occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them. The moon's

descending node was deified in a similar way as Ketu. Cf. Burgess, 194;

isn iruqai magic square (42v); cf. Cornu 1997:102-107.

isn il modu nine kinds of wood (50v).

801
GLOSSARY

isn il ngge-d keb-d nine kinds of colored silks (32v).

isn il tariyan nine kinds of grains. Various kinds of grains are listed in Srkzi's BTD,

5646-5670, pp. 386-387. The Vaidrya dKar-po mentions seven kinds of crops used in ritual

(TEDP, 216); five kinds of grain are mentioned in the Zhiyuan yiyu/Tche-yuan yi-yu (Ligeti

and Kara, 1990: 267-268); there is a also a Chinese constellation, the eight grains (bagu/pa-ku

[Schlegel, 378]): isn il tariyan 30r, 31r.

isn il tariyan-i anibasu if one thrashes the nine kinds of grain (30r).

Isn sara the ninth month: (16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v).

isn in-e the ninth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 54r; inein isn 39v, 41v, 44v).

ii(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: ii iglbes 28r; ii buu

igl 34r;Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; noyan ii ol(abasu 37r; noyad ii-dr

ol(obasu sayin 35v; iiten tbidk iles 61r; tu(-un iin-t uyau 50v.

ii iglbes if one reveals a prophecy (28r).

iiten ?prophets: iiten tbidk iles (61r).

itegel [S. ntha; Tib. mgon po]; Lord, protector; refuge; applied to various deities (Lessing,

1172): ende amitan-u itegel burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 2r.

802
GLOSSARY

itegel gei skeptical; in context, a good quality; kbegn trbes biy-e bildar (oo-a ges-

dr urin [=uran] bolu(ad oyun qurdun olan sana(atu itegelgei bged nayan nasulaqu buyu

61r.

Jagavar/Jagarvadi [S. Cakravartin; Mong. krdn erglgi qa(an]; The "Wheel

turning King" or ruler of the universe; cf. Lessing, 504; Waddell, 389: kbegn trbes

Jagarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu boluyu 26v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali bui 32v;

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a neret qoyar odun bui

32v.

Jagr-a sambur-a Cakrasambara; the "Binder of Energy Centers," a purely symbolic tantric

deity; cf. Lopez (Tibet), 41; Beyer (1973): 41-42; Jagr-a sambur-a 1v; Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin

yosu(ar 3r.

Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn the ri-cakrasamvara-tantarja, cf. Ligeti (1944): 19. see

also KOT, 13; Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn 2v.

janggn/sanggn [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chn, the general, (Mathews 656.h.13)] ike

jangjun tenggeri, (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/tien-ta-chiang-chn (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel, 1967: 339; Staal, 1984: 55; Allen, 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun (TEDP, 122-126): janggn, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r; janggn

doron-a 8r; sanggn umar-a 19r.

803
GLOSSARY

Jayitari/ayitari/Jayitar [S. Citr]; one of the nakshatra: Jayitari 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 21r, 37v, 52r, 59r, 59v, 60v/ayitari 19v; a(-un krdn-

dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

krdin-dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; Jayitari na(idar 28r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari

na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; usun galab bol(a(i Jayitari bui 33r; miqai a(an Jayitari buyu

34r; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar

key-yin inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; debel qubasun

eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 56r; Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v;

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

The appearance of its one star is like a sabre (28v); " Virginis (Spica). Svt, the following

nakshatra is said to mean sword Citr is said to mean brilliant.

jen [Ch. zhen/chen (Mathews 315)]; one of the eight trigrams: jen-dr uira(san kl gq-

a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

jii Tib. letter zi: ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v.

jindamuni/indamuni [S. cintmani; Tib. yid bzhin nor bu]; the wishfulling jewel; (cf.

ODT, 19); when the older Uigur form is the source, then the Mongolian form is indamuni;

when the source is via Tibetan, the Mongolian form is jindamuni; these alternative forms are

also found in the Mongolian translation of the Klacakra (KOT 144, 275): jindamuni 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r; gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; lei

804
GLOSSARY

qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; kelinit edrn belge inu

qara indamuni bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san jindamuni ene bui 45r; qara jindamuni

ene bui 45r; jindamuni met 59v;drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v.

jva Tib. grapheme tse: do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r.

a [Ch. jia/chia (Mathews 610)]; first, chief; first of the ten heavenly stems: a ii 41r, 52r,

52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; a i kemek 7r; a yii yile 7v; a gi edr 7v; a baras sara 7v; a luu sara 7v;

a morin sara 7v; a bein sara 7v; a noqai sara 7v; a qulu(an-a sara 7v; a luu a( 7v; a

morin a( 7v; a bein a( 7v; a noqai a( 7v; a qulu(an-a a( 7v; a baras a( 7v.

absar interval; period between; duration: Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a edr absar-du 58v.

adala- to make rain with magic spells (32r), cf. Utz (1998: 1-1-121).

adalabasu if one makes rain with magic spells (32r).

a(al having dark spots on the neck and shoulders (of a stallion or gelding): a(an [=a(al]

morin qudaldubasu sayin bui 17r; a(al morin sur(abasu 29r.

a(al morin sur(abasu if one trains a horse having dark spots on its neck and shoulders

(29r).

a(aldubasu if one sues, litigates a lawsuit (35v, 47v).

a(an elephant: tabun odun-u dri inu a(an met bui 30v; miqai a(an odun 59r; miqai

a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqai a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; o(tu yeke a(an-dur tariyan

buu tari 33v; o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r; a(an-u terign met 59v, 59v; ir(u(an odun-

u dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 29v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u terign met bui

31r.

805
GLOSSARY

a(u(n) one hundred: a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r; a(u qono(-du kk 60r; nigen

qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r; nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi

buyu 6r; Savadai na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar 28v; nigen

kmn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i Suvadi buyu 33v;

nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i Burvabadaribad

buyu 33v; nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i

Rkini buyu 33v; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen qonin-i a(un

bol(a(i Asli( buyu 33v; nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r;

nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i Rivad'i buyu 33v; a(un amin-dur krmi

47v.

a(ur-a/i(ur-a in the interval; while; during the time; a term to mark the period between

successive events, in particular, the new moon: a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de

irgemi 8r; i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r; i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] qamu(

iba(ud iremi 10r; a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r; a(ur-a salbarun ula(an

degde nismi 12r; a(ur-a kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r; a(ur-a kkege<g> iba(un

emnei qarimui 14r; a(ura ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r; a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui

16r; a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r; a(ur-a salbar iba(un

ndegelemi 18r; a(ura qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 19r; ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin

a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v; kmn-i idker-<y>i bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ula(i

Burnavasu buyu 33v; kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v;

806
GLOSSARY

a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r; (aar kdelbes ar(-a beligten [=biligten] ber a(uraban

ebderem 31v.

a(uraki intermediate, situated in between; a term marking the period between successive

events; bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un iran bol(abasu

nigen dusul bolumui 5r.

ali 1. flame; spirit; 2. ruse, cunning, trick, deceit: ar(-a ali yeke-d bui 28r; suali-yu(an

takiu 21v; suu ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 25v, 28v.

am road: am asabasu 19r.

am asabasu if one repairs a road (19r).

an [Ch. jian/chien (Mathews 853); Mong. eilegi]; to found, establish; 1st of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v; an eilegi edr 35v.

ani- 1. to beat, hit, punish; 2. to thrash, i.e., grain: isn il tariyan-i anibasu 30r; edr

kmn-i l qariyaqu aniqu 57v; Noqai edr noqai l teigek l alaqu l aniqu 58r.

ar(u lawsuit: ar(u a(aldubasu 42v; ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v.

ar(u a(aldubasu if one litigates a lawsuit (42v).

ar(u qa(albasu if one settles a lawsuit (19r, 25v, 29v).

a(aldu- to litigate: ar(u a(aldubasu 42v.

arimdu( vair half-vajra: arimdu( vair 38r; qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair

bui 20r.

807
GLOSSARY

arli( edict: arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal 4r; arlig biig

tarqabasu 18r; arli( bolurun sadhu kemeged arli( bolurun 32v; arli( nom medek bolumui

37v; arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu 22v.

arlig biig tarqabasu if one disseminates an edict (18r).

arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu if an assembly is convened for a decree (22v).

arudasun servant, slave, messanger: arudasun quduldubasu 24v, 30r; gara(-ud-un idei

ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v; kger qara arudasun odun 59r; bo(ol arudasun

abqui 61v.

arudasun quduldubasu if one trades a slave (24v, 30r).

asa- to repair; to treat, i.e., an illness: am asabasu 19r; ordo qari asabasu 21v; qota

asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r; in-e ger ba qota asabasu 25r; ger asabasu 25v, 35v, 36r, 37r;

ger baribasu asabasu 30v/ger baribasu aabasu [=asabasu] 35v; ger tergen asabasu 36r, 36v,

37r; ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r; qa(uin ger asabasu 36v; ger

bayiing qota asabasu 28r; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r; in-e irigen oro asabasu

36v; ebedin-i asabasu 36v; qa(uin kger-n yasun asabasu 36v; suba( asabasu 42r;

qabi(ai asabasu 46v; qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r; asal asan okiqu l okiqu

54v; asaqu 47v.

asal treatment; a medical term, used in both empirical and unempirical contexts; here

refers especially to magical or ritual treatment; see Bawden, SE II, 162-163: kereg asal

iledbes 30v; ger-dr yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes 35v; kereg asal kibes 44v; em asal

808
GLOSSARY

ungla(ulbasu 35v; a(an asal 45r; a(an asal kibes 39v; qara sarayin asal 50v; asal asan

okiqu l okiqu 54v.

aya(a(n) fate, destiny, predestination: kbegn trbes mungqa( bged usun-dur kk

aya(atu bui 31r; qoyar aya(an-u ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui 27r.

ayid- to tie the hair on the crown of the head: nigen kmn sn-iyen ayidu 24r

ayila- to abstain from something: burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu iro(ai-dur adali egn-

ee ayilau 48r; qamu( ma(u iles ayilaqu buyu 42v; yeke negdel yabubasu mai ma(u

keiyen ayilatu(ai 41v; aliba iles egn-ee ayila(daqu bolai 58v; tere mai qata(uu do(in-

u tulada. ayila(daqui 43r; aliba iles-i tegn-ee ayila(daqui 43r.

egerde/igerde red, chestnut: egerde/igerde 52v; egerde qalan morin 4v; igerde morin

21v, 22v.

egeren [Ch. huangyang]; antelope: egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r.

egn left: egn kl 24r; egn qabar(-a 55r; egnde 58v, 58v/eg[n]de 58v.

ele rope stretched along the ground to which tethers for cattle are attached (Lessing, 1045);

qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v.

ele-yin (adasun picket post, tethering post; to see this picket post and its use in ritual, cf.

Chabros, illus. 9; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v.

erge rank; level: degeds-n erge-dr oroqu 24r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr

oro(ulu(i 33r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-droro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v; timed-n

erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu

33v.

809
GLOSSARY

i/yii/gi/gii [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem: i/gii 52r; a i kemek 7r; a

yii [=i] yile 7v; a gi [=i] edr 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; gi

takiy-a sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; gi mo(ai a( 7v; gi qonin

a( 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; gii (aqai a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v; uu gii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/uu ii 52r.

ibqara(san-i eribes if one seeks what is missing (23v).

i(ui matchmaker; go-between: ede sarada i(ui-du ma(u bui 51r.

i(ulilabasu if one travels (21v, 22v, 25v, 25v, 27r, 28r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 32r, 35r, 35r,

35r, 60r).

i(ulin traveler: i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar bui 26v; i(ulin yabubasu 41r;

i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui 60v; i(ulin

l yabumui 60v.

i(ulin yabubasu if a traveler leaves (41r).

igr wing: iba(un igrt 55v.

il year: il 51r, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v; il kiged naiman ayima( terigten

(aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigten-i Kitad-un to(oin-u

yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr inelek 3r; il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui

4r; nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r; arban qoyar sar-a nigen il 5r; nara

emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen il bolumui 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-

u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui. tegn-ee niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged

niiged qubi segder (arumui. tende-ee nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji

edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui. tegne niiged niiged gertr

810
GLOSSARY

yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged qubi segder neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen

il bolumui 6r; ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r; qari il sabangey-ee bolbasu qari

il tokiyaldumui 7r; ali il tus bolbasu l yegdken qulu(an-a-aa teriglen 7r; ali il bges

qoyitu qoyar il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r; door-a to(ori(i arban qoyar sara-dur nigen il 33r;

nigen edr-d nigen il bui 33r; il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; a(an

baras king ing. qara mo(ai im ki. kke bein a ii ira (aqai uu gii ed naiman il qara bui

41r; odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r; il odun qoyar-

un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u

il(al-i ek 46v; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei 48r;

ede okin-u il bui tokiyal-du(ulu egdeki 51r; ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e

52r; ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; u(tu(i-yin il 52r; asal asan okiqu l okiqu

ibegel gki abqui gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v; Baras

Morin Noqai il emn-e sayin 55v; Taulai Qonin 'aqai il doron-a sayin 55v; Qulu(ana Luu

Bein il doron-a umara sayin 55v; ker Mo(ai Takiy-a il rn-e umara sayin 55v; qariyal

keyibes (urban il-d l btk 42r; il-dr arban qoyar sara bui 3r; (urban il-dr nigen

saban sar-a bol- 3r, 4r; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; Morin il-dr namurun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; Takiy-a il-dr ebln dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr

bui 33r; Qulu(an-a Morin il-e qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i namurun dumdadu

gegreglegi 41r; ker Qonin il-e qaburun es r-e tasulu(i. namurun es

geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r; Baras Bein il-e un-u terign r-e tasulu(i. ebln terign

811
GLOSSARY

geyireglgi sara bui 41r; Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i. ebln

dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r; Luu Noqai il-e un-ues r-e tasulu(i ebln es

geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r; Mo(ai 'aqai il-e qaburun terign r-e tasulu(i namurun

terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r; ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged odun bui. niiged

gara( bui 33r; ilten 24r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; taulai qoni (aqai ilten

qara morin unuu 22r; ilt 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; qulu(an-

a ilt okin-i taulai iltd buu g 54v; ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d buu g 54v; baras ilt

okin-i mo(ai ilt-d buu g 54v; taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d buu g 54v; luu ilt okin-i

qonin ilt-d buu g 54v; mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d buu g 54v; morin ilt okin-i

takiy-a ilt-d buu g 54v; qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d buu g 54v; bein ilt okin-i

(aqai ilt-d buu g 54v; takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g 54v; noqai ilt-yi

kert buu g 54v; (aqai ilt-yi baras iltd buu g 54v; noqai ilt-yi kert buu g 54v;

qulu(an-a ilt kmn 53r; Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r; il-n terign 10r;

dtger arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi glesgei 34r; qubi sarayindolo(an inide Baras

iln qari bein gqadqu 50v; il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui 52r; er-e-

yin il-n eki a(tu ba(uqu bui 52r; il-n Tayisui kemebes Qulu(an-a ker il doron-a.

Baras Taulai il emn-e. Luu Mo(ai il emn-e rn-e. Morin Qonin il rn-e. Bein Takiy-a

il rn-e umara. Noqai 'aqai il umara. ede g-d sa(umu 55v; Qulu(an-a ker 'aqai

812
GLOSSARY

(urban iln (aar-un ba(atud umar-a 58v; Baras Taulai Luu (urban il-n (aar-un ba(atud

doron-a 58v; iln qo(osun 60r.

il-n Tayisui [Ch. Taisui jinian (Ho 2003: 32-33); Tib. lo-skar che-ba]; see under tayisui:

il-n Tayisui kemebes Qulu(an-a ker il doron-a. Baras Taulai il emn-e. Luu Mo(ai il

emn-e rn-e. Morin Qonin il rn-e. Bein Takiy-a il rn-e umara. Noqai 'aqai il

umara. ede g-d sa(umu 55v.

il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara the black times of the years, months, days and hours: il

kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r.

il-n terign the beginning of the year: Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r; il-n

terign 10r.

imis fruit: alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r; modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide

14r; qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r.

ingle- to apply a compress or poultice: tgenebes inglebes 22v, 36v, 37r.

inglebes if one applies a poultice (22v, 36v, 37r).

iran sixty: iran da(un nigen me 5r; iran mi nigen qubi 5v; iran qubi bolbasu nigen

qono( bolumui 5v; ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r; iran nasulayu 61v, 61v.

ir(alang [S. sukha; Tib. bde ba]; enjoyment; pleasure (Lessing 1193): ir(alang boluyu

50r; ir(alang-<y>i ksebes 1v; amu(ulang ir(alang-i trglk-yin tulada 2v; ir(alang-tu

46r, 52v; tegs ir(alang-tu bol- 25v, 27v, 29r; li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v.

ir(u(an six: ir(u(an 25r; qamtudqui-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it 2r; ir(u(an ere

sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r;

813
GLOSSARY

ir(u(an qono( tasura- 3r, 3r; qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a 3v; ir(u(an amisqaqui 5v;

ir(u(an sar-a 5v; ir(u(an qono( 5v; ir(u(an tediken qubi 5v; edr ir(u(an a( 5v; sni

ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v; ir(u(an qubi 6r, 6r; ir(u(an edr 26v; ir(u(an edr lemi 6v,

6v, 6v; ir(u(an edr-yi nigedbes nigen saban sara bolumui 6v; ir(u(an yeke (sar-a) 6v;

ir(u(an ken sar-a 6v; ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni

(uin drben qubi 8r; sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi 13r; sni qorin

ir(u(an qubi 14r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi 18r; sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r; ir(u(an orod

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; ir(u(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v,

50v, 50v; inein ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r; ir(u(an sara 13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r,

41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; ir(u(an

kmn 25r, 25r, 26r; ir(u(an odun 25r, 27r, 27v, 29v, 59v, 59v; ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v,

33v; ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r; ir(u(an na(idar 56v; ir(u(an-a 39v, 55v;

ir(u(an-a 43r; ir(u(an-a tarqamui 38r.

ir(u(an orod six senses; the 5th link in the cycle of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the horse of the twelve animals: morin ir(u(an

orod 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

814
GLOSSARY

ir(u(an in-e the sixth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v; inein

ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r).

ir(u(an teryinar the six heretics of India who had to be overcome by Buddha

Shakyamuni; see RRS, 371: ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r.

ir(u(an sara the sixth month: (13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v).

irge- to chirp, of birds: a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r.

iru( irubasu if one draws a picture (15r).

iruqai n. line, design; mathematics, calculation; astrology (Lessing 1062); matrix. In the

manual iruqai refers to mathematics as the art of the matrix, ari(un gegen-e iruqai-dur tegi

okiyabai 2v, biqar qangin-u iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(idar 26r, iruqai to(alabasu 31v; the

term also refers to a symbol, kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui

20r, tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v; isn iruqai refers to the nine square

divination form (Tib. sme-ba dgu, Ch. jiu gong), isn iruqai ene met iruyu 42v.

iruqai to(alabasu if one calculates a matrix (31v); perhaps this refers to calculating the

divination "magic squares" or mewas. Cf. Cornu,. 102-126.

irken heart: Naran-u irken neret sudur 2v; irken tarni uribasu 25v; burqan ong(od-

un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v; bayar qurim keyibes irken met amara( kbegn

kk 42r; irken-e maida ir(aqu 52v.

irken tarni the Heart dharani; cf. RRS, 427, 616; irken tarni uribasu 25v.

815
GLOSSARY

irken tarni uribasu if one recites the Heart dharani (25v); cf. RRS, 427.

obalang [S. duhka; Tib. sdug bsngal]; suffering; misery: obalang tngri yabumui 11r;

obalang bolqu 56r, 56r, 56r; qa(aaqu obalang bolqu 56r; keiy-e-ben obalang-aa l

qa(ain qarinu l irek 47v; (ai(un obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r; yirtin-tekin-

obalang-i aril(au 2v; tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r; kbegn trbes

eneleki obalang-iyar qoqui kemen obau yabumui 47v; obalang-un tngri yabumui 8r, 9r,

10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr 56v.

obalang-un tngri [Ch. huo calamity; misfortune; judgements from heaven, (Mathews

2399); Tib. pung lha]; god of suffering; ike jobalanggun tenggeri, (Pentaglot, 17450, p.

998): obalang-un tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r;

obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr 56v.

obkis the four intermediate directions, i.e., southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast:

drben obkis 54r, 54r; drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v.

oid visitor; guest: oid irek 57r, 57r, 57v, 58r, 58r; qola (aara oid irek 57r; qola-

yin oid irek 57v; kndlegdek oid irek 57v; oid l uriqu 58r; oid-i kndlebes

29r.

oid-i kndlebes if one honors visitors (29r).

o(dor mane, of a lion: arsalan-u o(dor met 59v.

oki- to suit: okiqu 54v, 54v; l okiqu 54v, 56r; l okiqu uaral 46r, 46r; l okiqu

beri 52r; asal asan okiqu l okiqu 54v; ibegel ek anu. qulu(an-a luu bein ilten ibegel

okiqu 54v; olan arad okiqu 56r.

816
GLOSSARY

okira- to be agreeable, e.g., of weather: il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r.

okis propriety; suitability: kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu 52v; taiyan-dur okis-tu

bolqu 52v; sedkil-dr okis-tu bolumui 56v.

okistai agreeable: kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu 52v;

okis-tu agreeable: taiyan-dur okis-tu bolqu 52v; sedkil-dr okis-tu bolumui 56v.

ol(oldubasu if one greets another (23r).

oli( ransom, rescue; figurines usually made of dough which are used in ritual for ridding

one of evil spirits causing illness; devil (curse) (Lessing 1070); for these rites, see RRS, 559-

561, 591-594; Bawden, SE II, 168-169; buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan

oli( iledbes 31v; oli( qari(ulul buu iled 34v; amin-u oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36r;

amin oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36v, 36v, 37r.

oli( qari(ulul a counter curse; oli( qari(ulul buu iled 34v.

oliy-a ransom, price of deliverance (cf. oli() (Lessing, 1070); Bawden, SE II, 168-169;

oliy-a mr 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; oliy-a gbes 41r.

oliy-a mr ransom path; the road on which the ransom figure is to be cast; cf. the "yas"

road (Waddell, 458); oliy-a mr 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

oliy-a gbes if one gives a ransom (41r).

b to(ala count in the right way, i.e., clockwise (51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 52v); contrast

buru(u to(ala.

ng bilig prescience, gift of prophecy; wisdom; instinct: ng bilig olu(san Manjuari

tngri 1v.

817
GLOSSARY

ula( ceremony for making aspersions of mares milk, held each year after the summer

solstice (Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 217; see also Mostaert, Louverture du sceau et les

adresses chez les Ordos, MS 1: 335): suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr

60v.

ula(ala- to whelp, bring forth young: Taulai sara mn- tula belge inu modun bgde

ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r; Baras sara mn- tula belge inu

baras ula(alamui 8r; a(ur-a kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r; 'aqai sar-a. mn- tula

belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r.

ula(an fledgling; young of an animal: a(ur-a salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r;

Bein sara mn- tula belge inu modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan

teigemi 14r.

ud natural disaster; starvation; loss of livestock: nara sara kirtbes yeke ud bolumui 25v.

un [Ch. zhong/chung (Mathews 1504)]; n un bolbasu 6r; qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng

iu un bolbasu 6r.

un summer: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle

59r; tariyain-dur un-u terign sara 10r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u terign sar-a 11r;

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign ista sar-a 12r; un-u terign r-e tasulu(i

41r; Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara

Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u

dumdadu sar-a 13r; un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; tariyain-dur un-u es sara qara 12r;

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u es sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es

818
GLOSSARY

Abiji sara 14r; un-u es r-e tasulu(i 41r; un-u nara bayiqu 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a(

12r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r.

un-u dumdadu sar-a the middle month of summer: Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a

qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u dumdadu

sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r; un-u dumdadu r-e

tasulu(i 41r.

un-u es sar-a the final month of summer: tariyain-dur un-u es sara qara 12r; qara

Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u es sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es Abiji

sara 14r; un-u es r-e tasulu(i 41r.

un-u (urban sar-a the three summer months (42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu

Noqai a( qara 42r).

un-u nara bayiqu the summer solstice: un-u nara bayiqu 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a(

12r.

un-u terign sar-a the first month of summer: tariyain-dur un-u terign sara 10r; qara

Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u terign sar-a 11r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u

terign ista sar-a 12r; un-u terign r-e tasulu(i 41r.

g direction: g 42v, 58v; umar-a g 3r, 5v, 6r, 23v, 37v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; rn-e

g 22r, 23r, 24v, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; doron-a g 23r, 24v, 27r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v;

emn-e g 23v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v, 58v; rn-e emn-e g 26r; rn-e umar-a g 54r;

aliba ta(alaqui g (ada(i odbasu 4v; oyir-a g eri oldayu 24r; qubi sarayin dolo(an inide

Baras iln qari bein g qadqu 50v; ali edr bges tere sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui

819
GLOSSARY

50v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui g 52r; dayiwang tayiqu Qangpan qongpan itgen- eke abu kiged-

n g buu yabu 53r; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g 53v; beri mr (arqu g 54r;

Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; g-ee 29v, 40r, 40r, 42r; emn-e g-ee 5v;

rn-e g-ee ire rn-e qandu(san gerte abu odba 22v; doron-a emn-e g-ee ir(u(an

kmn ire qula(uu amui 25r; ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em g-ee

ba(u(daqui 52r; qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 3v; ede g-d

sa(umu 55v; baling do(in qami(-a sa(uqu tere g-dr yasun (ar(abasu mr btgek-yin

urida kimor bolqu 41r; g-n 26r, 26v, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30v, 31r, 31r; doron-a g-n

kmn 25v; doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; emn-e g-n

(al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegsbe 31r; umara g-n usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r; arban qoyar edr-n mr

(arqu g-nsayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene bui 50r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n

sayin-i ek krdn 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn

50v.

il item; kind: nigen il 51r; basa nigen il 5v, 60v; eng terign gan kiged nige da(un

kemek qoyar il buyu 5r; qono(-un (urban il 2r; (urban il-iyer iles-n sayin ma(u-

yiila(ayu 46r; tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v; isn il tariyan-i anibasu

30r; isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r; isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v; ede ngget

il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r; nom-un il-dr duratai buyu 25v; (urban il-iyer iles-

n sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r.

820
GLOSSARY

lge-yin iig milfoil or yarrow; for jlge Lessing gives, "n. Soft lawn, meadow, grass;

sward. -- yin kyzi. Indian nard, valeriana jatamansi; milfoil; spikenard," (Lessing, 1085; for

milfoil as a marvelous plant, cf. Dor, v. 5, 1966: 729): lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi

15r.

s(n) the color of an animal, esp. of a horse; for the significance of the horses color in

ritual, cf. RRS, 546-552, 566-567; unuqu morin-u s 52v; morin qulan terigten tar(ulu

ngge sn giimi 12r.

kam [Ch. kan/kan (Mathews 3245)]; one of the eight trigrams; the Mongolian transcription

reflects the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the term, which had a final -m; for the same

transcription in Tibetan sources, see TEDP 46: kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-ta(an udu(

bari(san bui bgde-d sayin 54r.

ke [Ch. kai/kai (Mathews 3204) to open; Mong. negegi]; 11th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

ke negegi edr 36v.

keb silk: qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v; tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-

d-i uyau 32v.

kebeli/kebili belly: kebeli inu emn-e amui 55r; kebeli inu rn-e 55r; kebeli inu umara

55v; kebeli inu doron-a 55r; kebili-dr kbegn olan 52v; kebili-tr adu(usun buu ab 55r

kebtein shelter, e.g., for animals: adu(usun-i in-e kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r; mal in-

e kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v.

keiyeki iles striving deeds (13r).

821
GLOSSARY

keger-e [=keger] bay; chestnut, of horses: keger-e moritu kmn 4v.

keger-e the steppe, field: keger-e oyir-a bui 24r.

kegeri standard: ula(an kegeri bariu 21v; qara kegeri bariju 22r; kke kegiri bariu 23v;

a(an keg[e]ri bariu 23v; ara kegeri bariu 24v.

keg- to bark, of a dog; to caw, of a bird: noqai kegbes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v; keriy-e

ba a(aa(ai: kegbes 57r; keriy-e kegbes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r.

kegken virgin, maiden: kegken abun neyilikilbes 36r

kegken abun neyilikilbes if one takes a maiden and knows her (36r).

kegrigen-e pigeon; dove: takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r.

kegr/kegr corpse: kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r;

kegr oroi(ulbasu 35v, 43v; kegr-n nke met 59v.

kegr oroi(ulbasu if one inters a corpse (35v, 43v).

kei/kii air; one of the four elements: kei 21r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v/kii 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v; yeke kii kdelk 27v; Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar

kei bui 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; (al kei qoyar uarabasu

yeke kt uaral 46r; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; usu kei qoyar

uarabasu l okiqu uaral 46r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bky-yin

tula temr-n inar bui basa key-yin inar kemegdey 23v; kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun 33r;

key-yin galab bol(a(i Burnavasu buyu kemebe 33r; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v.

kelbeyilge- to lay something on its side: bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen idamui 32v.

822
GLOSSARY

kele(n) 1. tongue; 2. language; 3. news, word: bayasqulang-du kele irek Enedk[e]g-n

keleber. na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r; Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r; kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v; yeke kmn- kele aman

bolqu 57v; ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v; kelen aman-du oroqu 50r; sayin kelen sonosqu 57v.

keline/kiline/kelini sin: yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline [=keline] iledki a(

17r; kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r; kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r.

kem limit; measure: edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r.

kengger'ge/kenggerge drum: ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v/ang kenggerge deledbes

34v, 35r.

kengigl the smell of burning or cooking food, i.e. an offering of the smell: buq-a-yin

gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

kereg 1. need, necessity; 2. implement; 3. affair, matter, concern: -qu/k kereg 4v; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medek kereg 3r; -qui/ki kereg 4v; qono( tasura(san-i

medeki kereg 4v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg buyu 4v; kereg asal iledbes 30v; kereg

asal keyilgebes 35v; kereg asal kibes 44v; do(in kereg kibes 45r; kereg btk 49v;

kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v; kereg ara( keyibes 61r; keregt 1v; ede-i keiyen

ek kereg-d bolai 52v; tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-d bui 55v.

kereg btk affairs will be successful (49v).

kereg ara( keyibes if one carries out affairs in general (61r).

823
GLOSSARY

kereg asal a ritual implement; see Srkzi's definition, BTD,. 399, #5887; see also

Bawden SE II, 177-178; kereg asal iledbes 30v; kereg asal keyilgebes 35v; kereg asal

kibes 44v.

kereg asal kibes if one makes an implement (44v).

kereg asal keyilgebes if one has an implement made (35v).

kereg asal iledbes if one works an implement (30v).

keregl quarrel, dispute, altercation: keregl bolqu 58r.

keregr quarrel, dispute, altercation: keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v; keregr bol- 32r,

50v, 50v, 50v; keregr ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v.

keregri a quarrelsome person (54v, 54v).

keriy-e crow: qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui 9r; qong keriy-e

egr-iyen asamui 19r; Keriy-e-yin ndsn 56v; keriy-e kegbes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v,

57v, 58r; keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes 57r; keriy-e x 58r, 58r, 58r; qong keriy-e- [=yin]

soddu 60r.

keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes if a crow or magpie calls (57r).

keriy-e kegbes if a crow caws (57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r.

Keriy-e-yin ndsn the Crow Tantra (56v). There are several texts that deal with crow

behavior. One is in the Tanjur in the sutra section called in Sanskrit Kakajariti (On the

sounds of the crow), vol. 123, fol. 221, Narthang edition. For its English translation, see

Berthold Laufer, TP 15 (1914): 1-110. See also Loewe and Blacker, eds., 22.

824
GLOSSARY

Kerteg [S. Kr}ttik~]; the Pleiades; one of the nakshatra: Kerteg 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 34r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 53r, 55v,

56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun es Kerteg

sar-a 17r; Kerteg na(idar 17r, 25r, 32v.

kesege- to subdue, e.g., an enemy; to chastise, discipline: dayisun-i kesegeki mandal

egdbes 31v; busud-i kesegeki 46r.

keig good luck; good fortune; grace, favor, blessing; turn: buyan keig ebderek 21v;

buyan keig ebdereglgi Burvasad buyu 34r; buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v, 56r; Ardar-dr

buyan ke[i]g sayitur nemey 37v; buyan keig ba(uraqu 41r; buyan keig delgerek 46v;

buyan keig bolqu 50r; buyan keig bari(san beri 54r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni

qa(an-u gara( bki 23r; mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; qurim dotor-a

keig tasulqu na(idar 28r; qurim-dur keig tasulu(i odun ali bui 33r; qurim-dur keig

tasulu(i Burvabalguni buyu 33v; ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu edr 59v; Rkini Burnavasu

Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui 60v.

keig erdeni qa(an the blessed jewel king. Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u

gara( bki 23r.

ke son: (aar kdelbes [n]ilq-a ke ba ai qudalduin-a ma(u bui 30r.

key-yin galab the kalpa of air: kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(i

Burnavasu buyu kemebe 33r.

keyid temple: sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr 37r; sm-e

keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; sm-e keyid ba nom

825
GLOSSARY

burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v.

kiiri standard: qara kiiri bariu 23r; ara kiiri bariu 23r.

kia(ar frontier: kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 31r, 32r; nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i

odun 59r; modun-u inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 22r; usun-u kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 23r.

kia(ar (aar-i baribasu if one seizes the frontier (31r, 32r).

kimor [Tib. rlung-rta; shortened from kei morin wind horse]; 1. prayer flag; 2. good

fortune, lucky; see Waddell, 408-419; Cornu, 1997: 85-88; mr btgek-yin urida kimor

bolqu 41r; kimor bolqu 50v, 50v, 50v; kemor gemil bolumui 50v; yeke kimor-du (bolqu)

26r, 26v, 27r.

kimura- to fall into disorder: kimuraqu ile bo[l]qu 57r.

kimusu(n) fingernails, toenails; claws; talons: kimusu(n) ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v,

57v; kimusun x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i (odun) 33r, 33v;

iba(un igrt kimusutu 55r.

kimusu(n) ta(aribasu if one trims ones nails (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r).

kir(a- to cut off, shear, clip, e.g., the hair: sn kir(abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v.

kir(a(ul pheasant: kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r.

kir(a(ul [=kir(a(ur] scissors, shears: dri inu kir(a(ul met bui 27r; kir(a(ul met

59v.

kirt- to be eclipsed, e.g., the sun or moon: nara sara kirtbes 25v.

826
GLOSSARY

kirge saw: dri inu. kirge met bui 26r.

Kitad China; Chinese: Kitad to(alaqui astir 2r; Kitad sg-dr 35v; Kitad qadu(ur

bari(san beri 54r; Kitad-tur 2r; qara Kitad-un oron 2r; Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron 2r; qara

Kitad-un to(-a 2r; Kitad-un astir 2r; Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neret sudur 2v; qutu(tu

Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v; Kitad-un to(ain 3r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v; qara Kitad-un to(ain 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r,

13r, 14r; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r.

kbegn son: bertegin kbegn iles iledk 2r; kbegn trbes 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r,

23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v,

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v;

kbegn okin trbes 31v; er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn qula(uu amu 23v; kbegn

qurimlabasu 24v; nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu 24v; qooridur kgsen kmn kbegn

qula(au amu 24v; nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar 27r; kbegn

ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu 34r; kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r; kbegn okin-i neyiilebes

ablabasu 36r; Burvasad Udarisad-dur kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r; em-e kbegn kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; tngri-yin vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un

qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v; irken met amara( kbegn kk

42r; kbegn olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v; kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v;

kbegn trmi 52v; ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad

54v; kbegn gen keregri 54v; kbegn ainar delgerek 57v; kbegn-dr ger baribasu

34r; kbegn-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r; kbegn-e mi gbes 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v; kbegn-e

827
GLOSSARY

mi l gki 53v; kbegn-e ner-e gbes 46v; engkri kbegn-i teigebes 28r, 35r;

kbegn-i saki(i 30v; kbegn-i bey-e-[y]i turi modun-iyar ime 30v; engkri kbegn-i

(ada(i (ar(abasu 44r; gken ari(un kbegn-iyer suu ali-yu(an takiu 24r; kbegn-

mi gbes 27r.

kbegn ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu if ones son and grandchildren go separate ways (34r).

kbegn okin neyiilebes if a son has relations with a girl (37r).

kbegn okin trbes if a son or daughter is born (31v).

kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu if a son has relations with a girl or seduces her

(36r).

kbegn qurimlabasu if a son gets married (24v).

kbegn trbes if a son is born (21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v,

32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v).

kbegn-dr ger baribasu if one builds a home for a son (34r).

kbegn-e ger baribasu if one builds a home for a son (21v, 35r).

kbegn-e ner-e gbes if one gives a name to a son (46v).

kbegn-e mi gbes if one gives property to a son (35r, 41v, 43v, 46v).

kbegn-e mi gbes abubasu if one gives property to a son or receives it (46v).

kbegn- mi gbes if one gives a sons property (27r).

Kgeler sara the twelfth month of the year; while the rest of the Mongolian months, from

the second through the eleventh month are named according to their number, the Second

828
GLOSSARY

month, and so on, as is the Chinese, Central Asian and Babylonian custom as well, the name

of the first month, qubi sar-a, along with kgeler sar-a, the last month of the year, absent

from present-day Mongolian calendars, are from an series of specifically Mongolian terms.

L. Bazin gives etymologies of these two terms (followed in Melville, 84 note 11, 95) derived

from Buddhist Iranian and Sogdian, respectively; Kgeler sara he defines as the Month of

Mating (< Old Turkish kgler, plur., to kg) (cf. Bazin (1991): 294, 354-356, 556). G. Kara,

while pointing out the phonetic difficulties of this etymology, shows that the existence of this

earlier Mongolian system, cited by Mostaert in full from the 9th series of the Lung wei bi shu,

found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap. IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (cf. Textes oraux

ordos p. 131-132, note 2) makes these etymologies impossible. Cf. Kara (1984) 194, note 23;

Kara, 1973; and the term sara in Karas study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu. While the independent

designation of the 1st and 12th months is in Uigur also (see Kara, Weitere . . . ., p. 194), the

early Mongolian as cited by Mostaert is similar to the ancient Turkish system in that the new

year begins with the coming of spring, the vernal equinox. This marks a divergence from the

Chinese system the Mongols eventually adopted, the system given in the manuscript and

modern Buddhist systems, in which the new year begins prior to the vernal equinox, around

the time the sun enters Aquarius. See also Ligeti, 45 and Cerensodnom and Taube, 147.

Kgeler (sara) 19r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r,

47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; Mong(ol-dur Kgeler-n sar-a 19r.

kgemei croak, i.e., of a frog: meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r.

kgerge bridge; bellows: kgerge talbibasu 12r, 47v; kgerge met 59v.

829
GLOSSARY

kgerge talbibasu if one builds a bridge (12r, 47v).

kke- to become green, i.e., of plants in the springtime: Mig sara ebesn- ndsn

kkemi 2r.

kke blue; green; ash-colored, dark (of face): kke 52v; kke boro mori 5r; kke morin

unau 23v; kke na(ur 39v; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; kke

arai-du kmn 23v, 24v; kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r; kke kegiri 23v;

kke bein 41r; kke luu 49r, 49r, 49r; qubad kke-ber ime 23v.

kke arai-du kmn a person with a bluish complexion; in medicine this is quality of

the humor air (Rechnung 1973: 46): 23v, 24v; kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn

22r.

kke boro mori a blue grey horse: 5v.

kke luu [Ch. Canglong/ Tsang-lung (Mathews 6714, 4258)]; the Blue dragon (49r, 49r,

49r); refers to the Blue Dragon of spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn

(a(an baras) , the Red Bird of summer (ula(an aa(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter

(qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade,

passim.; Needham, 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker, 113-119).

kke luu-yin kl the foot of the blue dragon; refers to the third Chinese lunar mansion (Ch.

di/ti (Mathews 6187) foundation); it lies at the end of the eastern spring palace, the Blue

Dragon, comprising four stars (Schlegel, 102): kke luu-yin kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

kke luu-yin niru(un the back of the blue dragon; refers to the second Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. gang/kang [Mathews 3273] throat); it lies in the midst of the eastern spring

830
GLOSSARY

palace, the Blue Dragon, and comprises four stars (Schlegel, 93): kke luu-yin niru(un-tur

mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

kke luu-yin terign the head of the blue dragon; refers to the first Chinese lunar mansion

(Ch. jiao/chiao [Mathews 1174] horn); it lies at the head of the eastern spring palace, the

Blue Dragon, comprising two stars, " and . Virgo (Schlegel, 87): kke luu-yin terign-dr

mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

kke morin an ash-colored horse: 23v.

kke na(ur blue lake: 39v; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r.

kkege cuckoo bird: kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r; kkege<g> iba(un emnei

qarimui 14r.

kl leg: Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban kl met bui 32r; kl gq-a-bar

tata(ci beri 54v; kl-dr 52v; a(an baras-un kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u 49r; kke luu-yin

kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u 49r; egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r.

kl morin though commonly refers to a wheel horse, shaft horse (Lessing, 484), context

suggests a yellow-colored horse, i.e., a fallow horse: ara-nu(ud-iyar ime ara kiiri bariu

kl morin unuu 23r.

klge vehicle; here refers to the Greater Vehicle, Mahyna Buddhism: yeke klge-yi

ori(ulqu edr 34v.

klgele- to ride a means of transport: Baras edr-<y>i klgelen kdelge 2r

831
GLOSSARY

knde- to disturb, e.g., the earth: erket (aar buu knde 34v; (aar buu knde 58v; erket

(aar buu knde. kndebes 34v; (aar kndebes 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 44r, 58v, 58v; (aar l kndek 35v.

krge pump: in-e krge tatabasu 36r.

krngge seed: tariyan-u krngge (aar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu 46v;

krngge saaqu [=sauqu] 48r.

kser earth, soil, ground: kser-e qoorqu 55v, 56r.

ktelgi the one who conducts someone, e.g., a bride: beri ktelgi 52v.

kun [Ch. kun/kun (Mathews 3684)]; one of the eight trigrams: kun-dur uira(san beri

bgde sayin buyan keig bari(san beri bui sayin 54r.

k(n) power: kn tegs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; kn tegs-n a( 22v, 23r;

naran odun kn tegs-n a( 21v; kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; ber-n

dayan-u kn yeke bges 39r; kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r; yirtin-teki

numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r; (yeke) kt bolumui 40r, 42v; kt ile iledbes

45r; (al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r.

kn tegs powerful and full; ascendant; kn tegs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; kn

tegs-n a( 22v, 23r; Naran odun kn tegs-n a( 21v; kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr

bolumui 46r.

kt ile iledbes if one performs powerful deeds (45r).

kisn navel: kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu 52v.

832
GLOSSARY

kiten cold: kiten segder unau ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r; kiten- a(ur oromui 17r;

yeke kiten- a( bolumui 17r.

kis incense; perfume; fragrance: qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v.

kgn neck: ma(u kgn (arqu 56r; sara ba(-a bges buru(u to(ola. kgn-dr

dumda sayin 52v; sara yeke bges kgn-eeb to(ola 52v.

kli- to bind, tie: albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar 27v

klil n.; bundle, bunch; tie, knot (Lessing 500); in the manual the term refers to the eight

trigrams of the Yijing [Ch. bagua/pa-kua; Tib. spar-kha brgyad]; beri-yin drben ilmus

kemebes dayiwang tayiqu itgen eke. lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-

d bolai 52r, klil-d ma(u 53r. In the manual the forms of the eight trigrams are as follows:

1. lii (Ch. li); 2. kun (Ch. kun); 3. dan (Ch. dui); 4. gen (Ch. gen); 5. kam (Ch. kan); 6. gin

(Ch. qian); 7. jen (Ch. zhen) 8. sn (Ch. sun). For more on the trigrams, see the Yijing,

passim., TEDP, passim., Williams, 149; RRS, 534-542; Waddell, 394; Cornu, 1997: 107.

kmn man; person; human being: kmn 27r, 55r; tarnii kmn 4v; emi otai kmn

4v; aq-a yeke kmn 4v; egerde qalan morin una(san ba. bombo kmn 4v; ula(an debelt

kmn 4v; toyin kmn 4v; noyan kmn 5r; niglt kmn 5r; dooridu ma(u kmn 5r;

bombo kmn 5r; qara kmn 5r; menekii met qara kmn 5r; nigen kmn 24r; qoyar

kmn 23r, 26r; (urban kmn 28v; drben kmn 31r; ber-e obo(-tan drben kmn 27r;

tabun kmn 22r, 24r, 26v; ir(u(an kmn 25r, 25r, 26r; dolo(an kmn 27r, 29r; isn

kmn 22v, 26r, 27v; nkgesn debelt kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r;

a(an segeret qara noqai-tai deged doorad glegi em-e kmn 22r; belbesn qatun kmn

833
GLOSSARY

22v; kmn kbes 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v, 41v; eliy-e da(a(san kmn 22v;

temri ba bandi ba bombo teyim nigen kmn 22v; em-e kmn 23r; do(alang eremdeg

kmn 23v; kke arai-du kmn 23v; bandi kmn 23v; nigen band'i kmn 24r; ara

ken kmn 24r; qong(or morin unu(san ala( noqai-tai teyim kmn 24v; belbesn em-e

kmn 25r; doron-a g-n kmn 25v; aqa deg qoyar kmn 25v, 30r; uru( tasura(san

kmn 26r; umara g-n band'i ba bombo kmn 26r; tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula

i(ul(alaqu na(idar 26r; i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar 26v; belbesn em-e kmn

bk (aar bariqu na(idar 29v; baras met kmn 27v; ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun

iledbes 28v; nin kmn 28v; geigen-dr tgenet kmn 29v; tariyan taribasu aq-a

kmn- iles-dr sayin 30r; umara g-n usun eteged-ee kmn 30v; emn-e g-n

kmn 31r; ma(u kmn trbes yeke beligt [=biligt] bolumui 31v; yasun (ar(abasu

mn sarada kmn kk 40r; beri ba(ul(abasu qoyar kmn kk 41r; ger baribasu tabun

kmn ky 43r; i(ulilabasu kmn kk 60r; qan kmn iles btk 45v; in-e

qa(al(-a igbes kmn l oroqu 48r; qulu(an-a [etc.] ilt kmn 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r;

qorin-a olan kmn ma(u sedkek 56r; debel tlebes okin kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu 57v;

toyin kmn ba qong(or morin unu(san ba qonin ada(ula(san ba ai ina(san ba qoyar

yaba(an ker unu(sun ba. ese bges ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge ba nidn-d gem-d kmn-d

jol(aqui 4v; kgsen kmn-d buyan iledbes 31r; kmn-dr 27r; tarnii kmn ba. emi

otai kmn ba. ese bges keger-e moritu kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v; aq-a yeke kmn ba a(an

mori una(san ba a(an debel emsgsen ba a(an noqai ktelgsen ba egei kmn-dr

ol(uqu 4v; ker unu(san ba. qara morin unu(san. ba menekii met qara kmn ba ese

834
GLOSSARY

bges qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e kmn-dr ol(aqu 5r; qur-a ese orobasu kmn-dr

ebedin bolu(ad yeke salkin bolqu 15r; (aar kdelbes kmn-dr ma(u 28r; kgsen

kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r; kgsen kmn-dr buyan iledbes 32r; (uyirani kmn-dr

altan ol(a(ulu(i odun 33r; em-e kmn-e tusa keyibesu 15r; kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes

26v; kmn-e erggdek 29r; eremdeg ebgen emegen ba. bandi bombo kmn-e temdegt

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 31r; kmn-e adu(usun gbes 36v; kmn-e ed mal gbes 36v;

kgsen kmn-e ya(um-a kibes 44r; qan kmn-ee ola abubasu 47v; arban kmn-ee

isn kmn-i kk 53v; qatun kmn-i asarabasu 23r; kke irai-du kmn-i qara keb-iyer

manglai uriyau 24v; Savadai na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar

28v; kmn-i erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; geg kmn-i bayan bol(a- 32v, 33r, 33v;

nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i 33r, 33v; bayan kmn-i gegreglegi 33r, 33v; bayan

kmn-i geyireglgi odun 59r; r-e gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun 33r; qan kmn-i

r-e alda(ula(i 33r, 33v; ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun 33v,

33v; balai kmn-i nidt[e]i bol(a(i 33v; takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i 33v;

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi 34r; qan kmn tr kk odun 59r;

nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i odun 59r; qula(ayii kmn-i eriglbes 36r; in-e

kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v; arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk

53v; Morin edr kmn-i l qariyaqu aniqu 57v; tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu

23v; bombo kmn ba qara kmn ba. ese bges qara morin unu(san ba. usu egrgsen

kmn-lge ol(aqu 5r; kimusun x nayitabasu amara( kmn-lu(-a ol(oqu 57v; mergen

kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi 5r kmn- ngge nara ur(u(-a

835
GLOSSARY

edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu

bui. tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a

kmn- ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 25v, 30v;

kmn- yasun bulabasu 32r; nr drben-d kmn[-] yasun (ar(abasu 24v; r-e gei

kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r; er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn 23v; qooridur kgsen kmn[-

] kbegn 24v; kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr 27r; aqu kmn- aliba iled 31r;

kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i 33v; kgsen kmn-i [=kmn-]

yasun (ar(abasu 35v; do(in iles iledbes ileddgi kmn- amin nasun oqor bolumui

39r; em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun egdeki 53r; da-dur ucira(san beri kmn- yasun

bari(san beri bui 54r; bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi. kmn- bey-e-d. noqai terigt

[. . .] 55r; sn kir(abasu yeke kmn- kele aman bolqu 57v; abqu kmn- iles-d sayin

60v.

kmn-i erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu if one brings someone under ones own power (31r);

this refers to magically entering someone's body. See Srkzi, BTD, 297, #4244.

kmn kbes if someone dies (22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v, 41v).

kmn-e adu(usun gbes if one gives an animal to someone (36v).

kmn-e ed mal gbes if one gives a possession or livestock to someone (36v).

kmn- yasun (ar(abasu if one sets out human bones (23r, 25v, 30v).

kmn- yasun bulabasu if one buries human bones (32r).

krdn 1. wheel 2. an astronomical instrument; 3. table, chart: a(-un krdn 1v, 3r;

odun na(idar-un krdn 2r; arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn 7v; uaral-un sayin

836
GLOSSARY

ma(u-i jek krdn ene bui 21r; tabun odun-u dri inu tergen- krdn met bui 25v;

krdn ori(ulqui tul(-a bolqui 38v; drben terign sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r;

drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r; drben es sarayin mr (arqu

krdn ene bui 49r; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v;

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn

bui 49v; tabun dakini-yin mr (arqu edr-yi ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v; arban qoyar

edr-n mr (arqu g-nsayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu

g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v;

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; nigen il okin-i

bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui 51r; il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui

52r; tngri-yin noqai-yin krdn 52v; kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r; drben

krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r; a(-un krdn-dr 2r, 3r, 11r; (urban krdn-dr egdeki 48v;

ene (urban krdn-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v; a(-un krdn- abig talbi(san sayin

a( 10r; a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45v.

kreng dark brown, maroon, esp. of horse color: kreng 52v.

krgegi the one who conducts a bride to the home of her husband: krgegi-yin terign

52v.

krgen son-in-law; for a description of the various nomenclature for son-in-laws see

Mostaert, DO, 439b; krgen sgdbes 23vl kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r;

krgen-ee b to(ala 51v, 51v, 60r.

krgen sgdbes if a son-in-law prostrates himself (23v).

837
GLOSSARY

kriy-e anything girding; fence; enclosure; camp; monastery: kriy-e deledbes 31v;

kriy-e baribasu 42v; asar kriy-e baribasu 46v; bariy-a kriy-e-d uaraqu 50r.

kriy-e baribasu if one builds an enclosure (42v).

kriy-e deledbes if one pounds a fence (31v).

kriyelegl- to gather around: naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r;

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar

kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v;

gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v; ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar

kriyelegl . . . i(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur

i(ulumui 38v; ya(as-un ayima(-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v;

erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl edr dli-ee sni krtel-e i(ulumui 38v.

krmeli shell, i.e., of a turtle: yasutu menekei-yin krmeli 60r.

krte- to touch; to fall ill: qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v ebedin krtebes; 40r, 42v; luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; ada-du krtey 50r.

krteki touching; contact; the 6th link in the chain of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui): qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

ksel desire; wish: ksel bt- 38r, 45v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v; ksel

uaraqu 49v; ksel-iyen btk 49v, 49v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v.

838
GLOSSARY

k sang treasury: k sang negebes 22v, 36r, 37r; k sang-un ger baribasu 25v; k

sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r; k sang bari(i odun 59r.

k sang negebes if one opens a treasury (22v, 36r, 37r).

k sang-un ger baribasu if one builds a treasury (25v).

k sang-un ger bosqabasu if one erects a treasury (30r).

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] [Tib. phyag btsol lab]; phyag btsol to prostrate oneself,

bow down + lab to speak, tell; the first grapheme is transcribed with the galig k, i.e., a bow

with straight pin; as the Manchu method of distinguishing k and g is used throughout the

remainder of the text, perhaps the otherwise superfluous galig k is used here to mark a

Tibetan aspirated labial plosive, p: Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

lausan/luvasan [Ch. lozi/lo-tzu]; mule: lausan-u 59r; luvas[a]n-u 59r.

li un [Ch. li to fixand chun/chun spring (Mathews 3921a.34]; beginning of spring; first

of the twenty-four joints and breaths, about February 5-18 (see also Palmer, 66); qoyitu on li

un 7r.

lii [1. ?Ch. li (Mathews 3930 or 3931) to calculate; the calendar]; 2. [Ch. li (Mathews

3902)]; brightness; one of the eight trigrams: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig

sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v; lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-i

keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52v; lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an qada(ur

bari(san beri bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin ilt beri-dr lemi ma(u 54r.

lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu if one takes a bride who falls under the Li trigram (54r).

839
GLOSSARY

Lii du ting sang ?a Chinese astrological text; Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur-dur

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v.

lingquu-a [Ch. lianqua/lian-hua (Mathews 4014.7)]; (urban odun-u dri inu lingquu-a

met bui 32r; lingquu-a met 59v.

lungru ?a kind of flower: lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r.

luu [S. nga; Tib. klu; Uy. luu; Ch. long (Mathews 4258)]; see RRS, 662-663; dragon; one

of the twelve animals; its linguistic form (< Uy. luu) transcribes a Middle Chinese

pronunciation of modern Chinese long: luu 53v; Luu sara 10r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui

3v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara 7v; im luu sara 7v; a luu sara 7v; bing luu sara 7v; Tbed-

dr Luu sara 10r; Luu a( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; uu luu a( 7v; king

luu a( 7v; im luu a( 7v; a luu a( 7v; bing luu a(; Luu edr 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 14r, 15r,

16r, 19r, 34v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r,

53v, 53v, 57v, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Luu il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; luu ilt 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; luu ilten 54r, 54v;

itgen- eke Luu (aar 18r; luu medeki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

Luu sara mn- tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; luu-yin qutu( mr

(arbasu sayin 49r; kke luu-yin 49r, 49r; kke luu-yin terign-dr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

Luu a( Dragon hour: (42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; uu luu a( 7v; king

luu a( 7v; im luu a( 7v; a luu a( 7v; bing luu a().

840
GLOSSARY

Luu edr Dragon day: (8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 19r, 34v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57v, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v).

Luu (aar Dragon place: itgen- eke Luu (aar 18r.

Luu il Dragon year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; luu

ilt 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; luu ilten 54r, 54v).

luu medeki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

Luu sara Dragon month: (10r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara

7v; im luu sara 7v; a luu sara 7v; bing luu sara 7v; Tbed-dr Luu sara 10r).

luu-yin qutu( dragons bliss; this likely refers to the Chinese asterism tianfu/tien-fu

(Mathews 6359, 1978) celestial bliss comprising two stars, perhaps 3 Scorpii and 8 Librae;

the association with the dragon lies in that it is located in the palace of the Blue Dragon of

Spring: luu-yin qutu( mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

Luuq-a odun [S. Rhu; Tib. gzachen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Rhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Rhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the suns path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18 years; in Hindu

mythology Rhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

841
GLOSSARY

Rhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

by the 8th century A.D. Rhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi)

(Stone, 1981: 25-36); cf. also Burgess, 1859: 194; Mostaert MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94;

Cornu, 1997: 144; Indian Rhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the

dragon, that stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends

of a diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

luus-un qad [S. Nagesvara raja; Tib. kLu dban gi rgyal po]; dragon kings; the minions of

the King of the Dragons or Ngas; (cf. Waddell, 345, n. 1; ODT, 32); for lists of individual

dragon kings, see RRS, 662-663; see also Dor, v. 5, 682; arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-

dur nara ur(umui 8r; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; Saran odun

kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r; luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r; okin

trbes erketen-dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu

30r; luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v;

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar

kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i

takibasu 39v; luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r.

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu if one treats the Nga kings and the Lords of the

land (30r).

luus-un qad-un oga the ceremony of the dragon kings; it is performed on a day in the three

summer or three fall months (RRS, 521); luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r.

luus-un qad-un oga iledbes if one performs the ceremony of the dragon kings (22r).

842
GLOSSARY

ma(u/muu/ma(ui [adj. and n.]; bad: ma(u 5r, 13r, 19r, 21v, 22v, 22v, 23r, 26r, 26r, 26r,

26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r,

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 33r,

33v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 52r,

52r, 52v, 52v, 53v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 57r, 58r,

58v, 60v, 61v; sayin ma(u 46v; saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin ma(u

ai r-e inu l bty 4r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui 33r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; ede gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v;

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r; ma(u-yi 21r, 46r,

48r, 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v; qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemi 8r; qorin nigen-e r-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 9r;

arban isn-ebuuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 10r; arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi

glesgei 34r; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi

biisgei 44r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v; ma(ui, 23v, 25r, 26r,

843
GLOSSARY

26v, 26v, 29r, 30r, 31v, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 57v; mr (arbasu ma(ui 22r, 24v; ebesn

tegbes muu 42r.

Mahauvari Mahevara; his consort is Mahmy; he is trampled by Trailokyavijaya; cf.

Bhattachartya, 1924: 121, 147; Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, 5A17; Mahauvari tngri

kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigten-iyer kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u

nasun to(olan tengse i(ulqui-dur inu 38r; Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v.

mal livestock: ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v; ed mal ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v,

26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v; mal

adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun

buu g 26r; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 31r; mal gbes 28r, 32r, 34v,

36r, 36v; mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 29r; mal qudaldubasu 29v; ed mal abubasu 30r; temdegt

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 31r; mal adu(usun gbes 31v; ed mal gbes 31v; mal in-e

kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v; mal srglebes 37r; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i

(ar(abasu 43r; ed mal gbes abubasu 43v; qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r; ed mal olqu

50r; mal ibqaqu 50v; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ede deged beri bui r-e mal delgerek sayin

52r; ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r; ed mal l (ar(amui 60v; mal-i ber-e sal(abasu 36v.

mal ada(usun abubasu if one takes livestock or an animal. (26v).

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu if one exports livestock, animal or food (43r).

mal adu(usun gbes if one gives livestock or animals (31v).

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu if one trades livestock or animals (25v).

844
GLOSSARY

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu if one exports livestock (29r).

mal gbes if one gives livestock (28r, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36v).

mal gbes abubasu if one gives or takes livestock (32r).

mal qudaldubasu if one trades livestock (29v).

mal in-e kebtein-e kebteglbes if one beds livestock in a shelter (35v, 36v, 36v).

mal srglebes if one herds livestock (37r).

mal-i ber-e sal(abasu if one divides up livestock (36v).

mala(-a hat: in-e mala(-a buu ems 34v; in-e mala(-a l emsk 57r.

malta- to dig, unearth, mine: altan maltabasu 34v; quddug l maltaqu 57r.

man [Ch. man (Mathews 4326) to fill; Mong. dgrgi]; 3rd of the twelve lords of the

day]: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

man dgrgi edr 36r.

mana(ar tomorrow: mana(ar 4v, 6v, 23v.

manda- to rise, of the sun: naran mandaqui-dur 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v.

mandal [Tib. dkyil hkhor; S. man}dala]; a disk (as the sun disk); (in Tantrism) mystic

wheels (as of the four elements) located in the four centers of the body" (Lessing 1175); (al

mandal tle- 10r, 39r, 61v; mandal irubasu 23r; dayisun-i kesegeki mandal egdbes 31v;

(urbalin mandal egdbes 31v; dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu kemebes

37v; mandal kibes 42r.

845
GLOSSARY

mang(us monsters; fabulous, usually many-headed monster, a kind of ogre (Lessing, 527;

Poppe 1967: 73); tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged

naiman ayima(-ud 38v.

manglai forehead: kke irai-du kmn-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v; yama(an-u

tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli e 42v.

Manjuari Majuri, the Bodhisattva who holds the Book of Wisdom and wields the

Sword of Knowledge, is the patron of mathematics or astrology; see Waddell, 355-356;

Cornu, 1997: 39. Manjuari 1v, 1v, 2v; deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id-aa

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id blam-a

Manjuari-dur mrgmi 1v; burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g in 2r; Manjuari-yin

Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; Enedk[e]g-ee ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r; odun-

lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai 2v.

Manjuari-[yin] ndsn The Majurmlatantra: Enedk[e]g-ee ori(ulu(san

Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r.

maqabud [S. mah-bhtni; Tib. byung ba]; element; there are two systems of elements

used in the text: 1. the four elements: iroi (earth); kei (air); (al (fire) and usun (water);

predominant in Indian astrology; and 2. the five elements: iroi (earth); modun (wood); (al

(fire); usun (water) and altan/temr (iron) predominant in Chinese astrology: maqabud 59v;

temr maqabud 54r; modun maqabud 54r; usun maqabud 54r; qorin naiman na(idar-yi tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral . . . okiyasu(ai 45r; beri-

yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r.

846
GLOSSARY

Maqagala/Mahagala [S. Mahkla, "The Great Black One]; (cf. ODT, 38-67); Maqagala-

yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Maqagala ba(uqu edr 46v; ede edd

Mahagala kiged rduvrma duvngli kibes sayin 47r.

Maq-a mayai Mahmya, "The Great Creative Illusion; a fierce tantric deity. Cf. Lopez

(Tibet), 179; Beyer, 41-42; Maq-a mayai 1v.

Maq-a maya[y-yin] ndsn The Mahmyatantra-nma; cf. Newman 1987: 402; burqan

bodis[n]g-nar a(-un krdn ba. Jagr-a sambur-a terigten kiged Maq-a mayai Manjuari-

aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v.

mar(ada tomorrow; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v.

Margiar [S. Mr}gair~s]; one of the nakshatra: Margiar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v, 60v; Banjar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; Margiar na(idar;

o(tar(ui-tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r; Margiar na(idar kemebes a(ui yeke

na(idar bui 25v; qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu 33v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Margiar qoyar 45r;

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun

Margiar qoyar 45r; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden

modun bui 61r; Margaar Ardar qoyar qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; basa mr (arqu

edrn sayin kemebes Margaar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin

847
GLOSSARY

inu [. . .] Margaar [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Margiar [.

. .] sayin 51r; Margiar [. . .] beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Margaar [. . .]sayin 55v; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .]Margaar [. . .]

sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .]Margasar [.

. .]sayin 56v; Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v; Margaar Asli(

Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r; Margaar-dur

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v.

mai okilan obo( the eminently accommodating clan: Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad

Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

mai tbin obo( the eminently just clan: Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden

mai tbin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

matar [S. makara]; sea monster or crocodile (Lessing, 530); cf. also Hackin, 167; matar

dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni 39r.

Matar-un ger [S. makara]; the house of the sea monster/crocodile; a sign of the zodiac =

Capricorn, The Goat; in the ancient Babylonian zodiac was a constellation of a mythological

creature, suhur.m ( the goat-fish) (Koch-Westenholz, 1995: 164); the Greeks in borrowing

the Babylonian zodiac created a mythological goat that we know as Capricorn; Hindus,

however, in borrowing the Babylonian zodiac, went the other way and created a mythological

fish or sea-monster (S. makara, Mong. matar) (Schlegel, 1967: 664): naran Matar-un ger-dr

oro(san 19r.

848
GLOSSARY

medeki conscience; the 3rd link in the stages of dependent origination (tn barildaqui);

in the calendar paired with the Dragon of the twelve animals: luu medeki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

meks weak; one of the terms of the horoscope, i.e. the ascendent: meks 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v; tere gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda ebderek ba(uram qoyar-du aliba iles

l iledk 24v; geige-dr meks dumda 52v.

menekei/meneki/menekii 1. frog; 2. yasutu menekei turtle menekii met qara kmn 5r;

qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki met 59v; yirtin-dr meneki-

yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r; yasutu menekey-yin krmeli 60r.

mengge birthmark, mole: ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v.

merged [pl. of mergen]; marksmen; sages: merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a

egdeki buyu 2v; Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged a(-un krdn terigten ; sudur-tur

nomlauqui 3r; kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v; Nagajuna terigten

deged merged-n ta(alal 4r.

mergen marksman; sage; wisdom: eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san

sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r; iles-dr mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur

dayisun-i daru(ad aliba-yi ila(u(i tegs leyit boluyu 25v; kbegn trbes gen-dr

849
GLOSSARY

mergen bolu(ad 27v; Modun odun mai mergen bolqu 56v; arban tabun-a yosun medeki

mergen uqa(atu bolumui 56v.

mese any edged weapon or tool; knife; dagger: mese keyibes 16r; debel quya( mese qara-

nu(ud-i ime 23r; ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; mese met 59v; burqan-

u ein mese-dr ky 34v.

mese keyibes if one makes a dagger (16r).

Mig [S. Mgha]; one of the nakshatra: Mig 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v,

61v; Mig na(idar 27r; Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r; Mig sara ebesn- ndsn

kkemi 2r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras

sar-a bol(au 2v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln es Mig sara 8r; takir no(i

kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i Mig buyu 33v; o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden (al bui 61r.

miq-a meat: miq-a l idek 58r; miq-a-yi mungnau 22r; miq-a-yi l idek 58r.

miqai meat-eater; carnivore: miqai a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqai a(an

Jayitari buyu 34r; miqai a(an odun 59r; miqai gebri-yin odun 59r.

miqai a(an the carnivorous elephant: miqai a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqai

a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; miqai a(an odun 59r.

miqai gebri the carnivorous jackal: miqai gebri-yin odun 59r.

modun wood; tree; gnomon; the Wood star, i.e., Jupiter, Thursday; one of the five

elements: isn uil modu 50v; Modu (odun) 55v; modun 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 48v, 61r; Modun

850
GLOSSARY

odun 2r, 2r, 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 37r, 37r, 37v,

37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r,

53r, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r;

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r; modun im[e]g

bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r; modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r;

modun iig taribasu 35v, 36r; tariyan modun taribasu 37r 47v; modun inar 23r; modun

mir-iyer dokin 24v; tul(-a-yin modun met 26v; modun met 59v, 59v, 59v; qada ila(un-

aa modun (ar(an idamu 32v; modun buu o(tol 34v; modun o(talun negbes 36v; sayin

iles iledbes ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; a(ula-aa modun

eribes l oldaqu 47v; modun gokimoi 48r; modun maqabud 54r; (altu tor(on ergiki

modun odun 59r; oi modun o(talqui 61v; dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju

ebes 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu 5v; dolo(an qubi-du

modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r; bey-e-i turi modun-iyar ime 30v; dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u segder 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; modun-u

inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 22r; modun-u gara( bky-yin tula modun inar bui 23r;

modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 23v, 24v; doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a

tegsbe 27r.

modun iig taribasu if one plants trees or flowers (35v, 36r).

851
GLOSSARY

modun im[e]g bein ?the tree ornament monkey: modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide

iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r.

modun inar wood essence, i.e., the wood element (23r).

modun erlig wooden erlig; Erlig is the king of the underworld, but as Bawden says "the

term is also used to designate his minions: here it may be equivalent to Tib. gshin-rje, a class

of death-bringing demons for which see Oracles and Demons, p. 82" (Bawden SE I, 238, n.

70); modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

modun (okimoi withering wood; Ordos form for modun qokimai; see Heissig 1971: 167,

170, 172; wood which may be decorated with cloth and expelled as a ransom figure (Bawden

SE II, 173, n. 78); cf. also under (okimui: 48r.

modun maqabud the wood element (54r).

Modun odun the wood star, Jupiter, Thursday: Modun odun 2r, 2r, 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v,

9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v.

modun taribasu if one plants a tree (22r, 32r, 35r).

mo(ai snake; one of the twelve animals: Mo(ai sara 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban

tabun gey-yin tula arban drben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; in mo(ai

sara 7v; ki mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a 11r;

852
GLOSSARY

Mo(ai a( 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v; gi mo(ai a( 7v; in mo(ai a( 7v; ki mo(ai a( 7v;

ii mo(ai a( 7v; ding mo(ai a(; Mo(ai (aar-a 10r; Mo(ai edr 8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v,

56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Mo(ai il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; mo(ai ilten 53r, 54v; mo(ai ilt 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; mo(ai ner-e ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v; mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v; Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr orkimui

11r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin terign met bui 27r; qara mo(ai im ki 41r;

kmn- bey-e-d. noqai terigt. (aqai qoi(utu. iba(un igrt kimusutu. mo(ai seglt

qar-a ngge-d Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un qabar(-a-bar

ergimi 55r; mo(ay-yin 59r, 59r, 59r, 59r; mo(ay-yin terign met 59v.

Mo(ai a( Snake hour: 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v; gi mo(ai a( 7v; in mo(ai a( 7v; ki

mo(ai a( 7v; ii mo(ai a( 7v; ding mo(ai a( 7v.

Mo(ai edr Snake day (8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v).

Mo(ai (aar-a Snake place (10r).

Mo(ai il Snake year (41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; mo(ai ilten 53r, 54v; mo(ai ilt 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v).

853
GLOSSARY

mo(ai ner-e ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v.

Mo(ai sara Snake month: 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin tula arban

drben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; in mo(ai sara 7v; ki mo(ai sara 7v;

ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a 11r.

Mong(ol Mongol: Mong(ol Tabun sara 12r; mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i

dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i

kemen ungimui 35v; Mong(ol-tur Qubi sara kemem 8r; Mong(ol-dur Qoyar sara 9r;

Mong(ol-tur 'urban sara 10r; Mong(ol-dur. Drben sar-a 11r; Mong(ol-dur ir(u(an sara

13r; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a 14r; Mong(ol-dur Naiman sara 15r; Mong(ol-dur Isn sara

16r; Mong(ol-tur Arban nigen sar-a 18r; Mong(ol-dur Kgeler-n sar-a 19r.

mong(olil- to translate into Mongolian: mong(olilbasu odun gara(-lu(-a

tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r.

mordo-/morda- to mount ones horse; to set off on a campaign: erig mordobasu naran

ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v; erig mordobasu edr dli morda 23r; ereg mordobasu erte

mana(ar morda 23v; ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r; erig buu morda 34v,

55r; ireg mordaqu edr 48v; ireg mordaqui 46r; erig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v; bayiri-dur ken urida

mordobasu 22v; irig ayan mordabasu 42r; erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v.

mori(n) horse; one of the twelve animals:

854
GLOSSARY

Morin sara 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Morin il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; morin ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ilten 54v; Mori(n)

edr 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v; Morin a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v; a(an mori una(san 4v; igerde morin

22v; egerde qalan morin una(san 4v; igerde morin unuu 21v; qong(or morin unu- 4v, 24v,

24v; kke boro mori unu(san 5r; kke morin unau 23v; qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v;

kl morin unuu 23r; king morin sara 7v; im morin sara 7v; a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara

7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin a( 7v; im morin a( 7v; a morin a( 7v; bing morin a(

7v; uu morin a( 7v; morin ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r; morin (aar 12r; morin qudaldubasu

25r, 31r, 31r, 31v; a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu 25r;

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31v, 34v; a(al morin sur(abasu 29r; morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v,

30v, 31v, 35r; morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin inilebes 27v; morin gbes 31v; drben

odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui

32r; morin (inu) ky 34r, 35r; erekei-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin

unuu 39v; morin met 59v; morin-dur ma(u 41r; morin-u 59r, 59r; unuqu morin-u s 52v;

morin-u terign met 59v; keger-e moritu kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v.

Morin a( Horse hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v.

855
GLOSSARY

morin dobtulbasu if one gallops a horse (22v, 23v, 30v, 31v, 35r).

Mori(n) edr Horse day: 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r,

60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v.

Morin (aar Horse place: 12r.

Morin il Horse year: 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v;

morin ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ilten 54v.

morin ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

morin gbes if one gives a horse (31v).

morin qudaldubasu if one trades a horse (25r, 31r, 31r, 31v).

Morin sara Horse month: 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; king morin sara 7v; im morin sara 7v; a morin

sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin a( 7v; im morin a( 7v; a morin

a( 7v; bing morin a( 7v; uu morin a( 7v.

morin sur(abasu if one trains a horse (21v, 28r, 31v, 34v).

morin inilebes if one examines a horse (27v).

me/i 1. limb; 2. unit of time, a) = 1.6 minutes or 96 seconds (S. kal); b) = 24 seconds

(S. vind); c) = 14 minutes 24 seconds (Ch. ke/ke (Mathews 3322.b): edr sni-yin a(

mi-yin qubi terigten-i 2v; il sara mi-yin a(ur 4r; iran da(un nigen me. (uin mi

nigen qubi (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r; ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen me iran mi nigen

856
GLOSSARY

qubi nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul qoyar qubi nigen tediken kememi. iran qubi bolbasu nigen

qono( bolumui 5v; ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v; mi-ber qubiyau qubi

bol(an edr ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v; nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an

to(alaquy-yin yosun inu nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 6r; nigen a(tur naiman

me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui 6r; qulu(an-a a(-

un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu drben

mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v; a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar okin tngri 32v;

tngri (aar-un on sara edr a( me 55r.

mir twig; small branch of a tree: modun mir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu 24v.

mndr hail: mndr oro(ulbasu 32r; mndr buu oro(ul 34v; mndr oro(ulqui

terigten aliba do(in ile iledbes 39r.

mndr oro(ulbasu if one causes hail to fall (32r).

mngg silver: altan mngg qudaldubasu 26r.

mr path; way: 51v; nara sara mr tgerek 4r; oliy-a mr 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; mr (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v,

29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r,

36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 46v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r; mal

adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar 26v; mr

(arqu edrn sayin kemebes 48v; drben terign sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r;

drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r; drben es sarayin mr (arqu

857
GLOSSARY

krdn ene bui 49r; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v;

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn

bui 49v; tabun dakini-yin mr (arqu edr-yi ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v; arban qoyar edr-

n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene bui 50r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu

g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (araqu jg-n ek krdn

okin-u mr (arqu edr kemebes 54r; beri mr (arqu g kemebes 54r; qola mr l (arqu

57v; yabuqu mr-dr talbiu 24r; mr btgek-yin urida 41r; tngri-yin mr kemek edr 49r;

qara mr-d bolunam 52v; leyit mr 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r; (asalang-un mr 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r; mr ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v; i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r.

mr (ar- [Tib. lam-du jug-pa]; to set out on a journey or venture (cf. TEDP, 194);

mr (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v,

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r,

43v, 46v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r; mal adu(usun-u

ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar 26v; mr (arqu edrn

sayin kemebes 48v; drben terign sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r; drben dumdadu

sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r; drben es sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r;

aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin

nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v; tabun dakini-

yin mr (arqu edr-yi ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v; arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n

sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene bui 50r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek

858
GLOSSARY

krdn 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (araqu jg-n ek krdn okin-u mr (arqu edr

kemebes 54r; beri mr (arqu g kemebes 54r; qola mr l (arqu 57v.

mr (arbasu if one sets out on a journey (22r, 24v, 25r, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v,

27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v,

36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v,

54r, 54r).

mr tgerek perturbation: nara sara mr tgerek 4r.

mrg- to knock ones forehead against something; to bow: (al-du/r mrggl 54r, 54r,

54r; ker qonin ilt okin-i takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl 53v; (al-dur mrgglbes 53v,

54r; beri (al-du mrgglk a( kemebes 53v; blam-a Manjuari-dur mrgmi 1v; odun

gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r.

mrin [=mren]; large river; lake: in-e ba qa(uin ong(oa mrin-e buu oro(ul buu

getlge 35v.

Mul [S. Mla]; one of the nakshatra: Mul 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 53r, 56r, 59r, 59v; Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u [=albin-u]

na(idar bui 29v; geg kmn-i bayan bol(a(i Mul buyu 33v; yer r-e tasulu(i Mul

buyu 34r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

Mul [. . .] sayin 37v; [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun edr qutu( oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad

buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui 37v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Usun odun Mul qoyar 45r;

859
GLOSSARY

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar 45r; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Anurad

istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes

[. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin

48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun sayin 51r; Burvabalguni

irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui. iles bgde-d ma(u kememi 60v; drben tan odun

kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar. 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul

eden drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

mungna- to cut into pieces: miq-a-yi mungnau 22r.

mungqa( ignorance; the first phase of the twelve links of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the tiger of the twelve animals: baras mungqa(

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

16v, [16v], 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; mungqa( bolu(ad bayan bolqu 26r;

kbegn trbes mungqa( bged usun-dur kk aya(atu bui 31r; kbegn okin trbes

mungqa( ba qulu(ayii bolumui 31v.

nabi leaf: qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r; in-e nabi uquyiqui 3r; eng terign gan kemebes

mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r; (aar-tur qamu(

nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r.

na(adum/na(addun/na(adun game; festival: taiyang(ui yeke na(adum inggeldki

28v; na(adun inggeldn ir(abasu 31r; na(addun na(adbasu 35r; na(addun inggeki 46r;

Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v.

860
GLOSSARY

na(adun inggeldn ir(abasu if one enjoys oneself celebrating at a festival (31r).

na(addun na(adbasu if one plays a game (35r).

na(idar [S. nakshatra]; asterism; lunar mansion; there are twenty-eight; for a list of

nakshatra names in Mongolian, Tibetan and Sanskrit, see RRS, 671; for the Uygur stars of

the nakshatra, cf. Rachmati, 299-301; for correspondence of Hindu, Arab and Chinese

systems, cf. Burgess, 1859: 344; for lists of stars in Hindu, Arab and Chinese asterisms, cf.

Burgess, 1859: 468; for nakshatra as months, cf. Burgess, 1859: 174; for nakshatra star lore,

cf. Burgess, 1859: 324-365; for the 28 asterisms in Tibet, cf. Cornu, 131; na(idar 56v; Bus

na(idar 2v; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; edr-n (ada(adu na(idar 3v; mar(ada-

yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v; odun na(idar 4r, 37v, 42r, 46r; nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i

nasuda inileki kereg 4v; odun na(idar uirabasu 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu(

oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral

bolumui 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r; ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar

kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek

degrk ba. bara(daqui medek kereg 4v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr

kemek na(idar bui 25r; ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v; Margiar na(idar kemebes

861
GLOSSARY

a(ui yeke na(idar bui 25v; tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui 26r;

biqar qangin-u iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(idar 26r; Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru(

tasura(san na(idar kemey 26r; i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar bui 26v; Bus na(idar

kemebes tegs leyit na(idar bui 26v; nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu

na(idar bui 27r; (rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar bui 27r; Mig na(idar kemebes

ske-dr adali bui 27r; albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar bui 27v; Burvabalguni na(idar

kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai met na(idar 27v; ariyatan-u snesn na(idar kemey ula(an

gebri qakiraqu kemey 27v; Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar

kemey 27v; qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu na(idar kemey 28r; Qasta na(idar kemebes

qurdun yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r; erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar kemey 28r; Savadai

na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar 28v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un

o(talda(san na(idar kemey 28v; ua( na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar

bui 29r; ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar kemey 29r; emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an

na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; belbesn em-e kmn bk (aar bariqu na(idar kemey 29v;

ista na(idar kemebes im[n]us-un na(idar bui 29v; do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar

kemey 29v; Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u na(idar bui 29v; quya( ems'ki na(idar

kemey 30r; Burvasad na(idar kemebes erketen- na(idar bui 30r; timed erdeni bolqu

na(idar bui 30v; Abiji na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v; kl-n na(idar

bui 30v; irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v; emegen- snesn

na(idar 31v; Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban kl met bui 32r; umara g-n

usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

862
GLOSSARY

dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul

Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Kerteg Barani

ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v;

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin

inar bui 45v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin

56v; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v; na(idar-a na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar

il(abasu 61r; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v; tegni qoiyad

qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei 3v; aliba odun na(idar-<y>i endegre

ese medebes 4v; odun na(idar-i l medek bges tegni medeki ar(-a inu 4v; edr-n

odu-yi medebes na(idar-<y>i tegber medek bolai 5r; na(idar-<y>i eilek-yin ner-e ene

bui 59r; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r; Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar

r geyim 9r; Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; ista

na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r; Abiji na(idar-iyar r

geyim 14r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r; Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim

16r; Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r; Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r; Bus na(idar-

iyar r geyim 19r; Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen 32v; qorin

naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek

krdn ene bui 21r; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v;

Bus na(idar-tu trgi 2r; Kerteg na(idar-tur burqan takibasu 25r; Rkini na(idar-tur

in-e debel abubasu 25r; Ardar na(idar-tur burqan btgebes 26r; Asli( na(idar-tur eliy-e

863
GLOSSARY

ldebes 27r; Jayitari na(idar-tur im[n]us btgebes 28r; Anurad na(idar-tur mr

(arbasu 29r; Udarisad na(idar-tur burqan-i takibasu 30r; Tanista na(idar-tur mr (arbasu

31r; Sadabis na(idar-tur aliba ola eribes 31r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-tur beri

ba(ul(abasu 31r; Udarbadaribad na(idar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu 31v; Rivadai na(idar-tur

ger baribasu 31v; Auvani na(idar-tur in-e debel okiyabasu 32r; odun na(idar-un krdn

2r; odun ba na(idar-un uaral 2v; yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-

un neres-iyer nereyidk 3r; qorin naiman na(idar-un yabudal 24v; doron-a g-n modun-u

dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; na(idar-un sayin 37v; gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un

sayin ma(u uaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v; na(idarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; beri-yi

l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r; na(idar-un ner-e 59r; na(idar-un ner-e odun-

u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud ene bui 59v; Enedk[e]g-n keleber. na(idar-a sam-a yokibani

32r.

na(ur lake: kke na(ur 39v; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r.

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna [S. Ngrjuna; Tib. Klu sgrub; Mong. Luus btgsen]; name of the

famous founder of the Mdhyamika school of thinking (2nd cent. A. D.) which posed that

things have no substance, no essence, no independent existence of any kind, but exist only

as aggregates of condition and relations (Lessing, 1177, 1189); Nagajun-a ba(i terigten

merged a(-un krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r; Nagajuna ba(i nomlaba 4r;

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr(arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-[y]i ek

krdn bui 49v; arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal inu busu buyu

kemebes. b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek kiged il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r;

864
GLOSSARY

Nagajun-a-yin; arban qoyar itn barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee Nagajun-a-

yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v.

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin sudur Mlamadhyamakakrik; Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged

a(-un krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r.

naiman eight: naiman 27r, 38r; naiman ayima( 2v; naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui

qariqui 2v; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r;

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu

temeildbes 35r; naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an inu yer drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-

e i(ulumui 38r; Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-

iyer kriyelegl 38r; tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigten bgede Smber a(ula-yin

orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v; isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui bgetele

qorin isn-e sni dli tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an buyu

38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r; naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v; nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; Naiman sara 15r, 15r, 37r,

38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r,

48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r;

naiman il 41r; naiman odun 59v; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v; naiman ber-

n odun 60v; naiman in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v,

865
GLOSSARY

38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v,

56v; inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

naiman ayima( [Tib. sde-brgyad]; the eight classes; supernatural beings, spirits. There are

diverse classifications. Cf. Waddell, 366-367 for one group of "eight classes" of which some

members are listed in the manual. The basic reference, however, is to the class of demons

known in Tibetan as the yul lha "country gods." Their composition in the manual is according

to the Chinese system (2v). Cf. Waddell, pp. 369-370; ODT, 4, 254-256; and TEDP, passim.;

Cornu, 247-252; naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui qariqui 2v; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge

inu vair bui 20r; naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu temeildbes 35r; naiman ayima(-ud-un

i(ul(an inu yer drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r; Mahauvari tngri kiged

Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r; tngri mang(us

naiman aima(-ud terigten bgede Smber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu

Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v; isn sarayin naiman in-e-

ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v;

kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui bgetele qorin isn-e sni dli tngri mang(us kiged naiman

ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an buyu 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r.

naiman luus-ud qad the eight dragon kings: naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v.

866
GLOSSARY

naiman ber-n odun the personal nakshatra: naiman ber-n odun kemebes Ardar

Burnavasu qoyar Qasta Jayitar qoyar. Anurad Tanisa qoyar. Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar

bui 60v.

Naiman sara the eighth month: 15r, 15r, 37r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Naiman sarada<n>

edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r.

naiman in-e the eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 56v, 56v; inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

namanila- to put the palms of the hands together, especially for praying or greeting; to

pray, to bow; to repent, confess: namanilabasu 25v.

namanilabasu if one confesses (25v).

namur autumn: tariyain-tur namurun terign sara 13r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun

terign sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun terign Burvabadaribad sara

15r; namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r; namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v; Morin il-

dr namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un

to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun

dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu gegreglegi 41r; tariyain-dur namurun

es sar-a 15r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun eus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-

dr namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r; qabur

867
GLOSSARY

namarun a(ur 6r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; qabur namurun qu(usun ebln til-n

edr bolai 59r.

namur-un dumdadu sara the middle month of autumn: namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v;

Morin il-dr namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r;

Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr

namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu gegreglegi 41r.

namur-un es sar-a the final month of autumn: tariyain-dur namurun es sar-a 15r;

Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun eus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun

es Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r.

namurun (urban sara the three months of autumn (42r, 42r, 55r).

namurun qu(us the autumnal equinox: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr

bolai 59r.

namur-un terign sara the first month of autumn: tariyain-tur namurun terign sara 13r;

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun terign sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr

namurun terign Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r.

nara(n) sun: nara(n) 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 37v, 38r; nara urbaqui 2v; nara urba(san-aa

(urban sar-a bolu(ad edr sni sau(uu bolumui 5v; Banjar dakini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r; nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui 3r; nara emnei

odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v; nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g

urbau 5v; nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen il bolumui 5v; nara

868
GLOSSARY

emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin

(aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r;

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder

gei bolumui 6r; naran umara g odqui ir(u(an sara sayin bui 37v; nara keiy-e bayiqu tende

qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi

edr 6r; basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r;

un-u nara bayiqu egn-ee qoyin-a ulam urtuddumui 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r; nara

oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; nara sara 55r; b-n a(tur nara sara

mr tgerek 4r; nara sara kirtbes yeke ud bolumui 25v; nara sara kbes 27r, 32r; nara

sara kiged isn gara( ba. a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar okin tngri 32v; ginggang kemebes

nara sara bari(i do(in gara( kememi 42v; nara ur(u- 42r, 42v; nara ur(u(-a edgy-e 6r;

luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; ereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v;

qubi sarayin arban drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38r; qara ingpng giki anu. qubi sarayin Baras bein edr nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a gimi 42r; nara ingge- 42r; nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a

kmn- ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e

ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; isn sarayin

naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur

i(ulumui 38v; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-

iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-

un] qariqui inu qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isn-e nara inggeki-dr qarimui 39r; qoyar

869
GLOSSARY

sarayin nigen in-e qorin naiman-a nara inggeki-tr qarimui 39r; nara mandu- 40r, 40r, 40r,

42v, 42v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-

iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; tabun sarayin arban ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui

39r; isn sarayin qoyar in-e nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dr

oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u

tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r; nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san-u tula qonin a(-iyar

qura(alamui 10r; nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran

Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula. yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r;

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gerdr naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un

kgemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui

14r; naran Okin-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r; naran

inglegr-n gertr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi

16r; naran Tiler-n gerdr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a(

17r; naran Numun-u gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r;

naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; Nara(n) odun 4v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara(

kemem (al inar bui 21v; ula(an nara 39v; qariqui edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r;

im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san

870
GLOSSARY

Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai

2v.

nara ba(u- the sun declines, i.e., at the solstices: Banjar dakini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

nara bayiqu lit. the sun stops; the solstice, i.e., the time when the sun stops and reverses

its direction; it is a time for cutting days from the calendar; other Mongolian terms for the

solstices are nara buaqu edr, "the day the sun returns", and nara jo(sulta edr, "the day the

sun stops". nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara emnei odqui

es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee

qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r.

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui [S. ayana progress; uttaryana northern

progress; dakshinyana southern progress]; the progress of the sun to the south and the

progress of the sun to the north, i.e. the tropical year, marking the suns path from solstice to

solstice; see Burgess, 1859: 247, 249; Stone, 1981: 52-54, 187-188; nara emnei odqui ba.

umar-a g odqui 3r; nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui

3v; nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu

da(usbasu nigen il bolumui 5v; nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr

dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr

871
GLOSSARY

dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; naran umara g odqui ir(u(an sara

sayin bui 37v.

nara mandu- the sun rises: 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-

a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; tabun sarayin

arban ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r; isn sarayin qoyar in-e nara manduqui-dur

qarimui 39r.

Nara(n) odun Sunday: 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 44r,

44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; Naran

odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem (al inar bui 21v.

nara sara kirtbes if there is an eclipse of the sun or moon (25v).

nara sara kbes if the sun or moon die, i.e., if there is an eclipse (27r, 32r).

nara ingge- the sun sets: 42r; nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn-

ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-

un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; isn sarayin naiman

in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui

38v; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-iyar

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un]

qariqui inu qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isn-e nara inggeki-dr qarimui 39r; qoyar

sarayin nigen in-e qorin naiman-a nara inggeki-tr qarimui 39r.

872
GLOSSARY

nara urba- the sun changes direction, i.e., at the solstices: nara urbaqui 2v; nara urba(san-

aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edr sni sau(uu bolumui 5v.

nara ur(u- sunrise: 42r, 42v; nara ur(u(-a edgy-e 6r; luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara

ur(umui 8r; ereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v; qubi sarayin arban drben

nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38r; qara ingpng

giki anu. qubi sarayin Baras bein edr nara ur(u(san qoyin-a gimi 42r.

Naran-u irken neret sudur The heart of the sun sutra; S. Sryagarbhastra (cf. MSD,

310; Ligeti (1944): 272; Mongolian Kanjur, vol. 82, folio 125v-313v, p. 250-626; na(idar

anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar

tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v.

nasu(n) year in relation to life, i.e., age; maturity; (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r;

nasun 61v; okin gbes amin nasun oqur bolqu 24r; kbegn trbes amin nasun oqor

bolqu 29v; do(in iles iledbes iled-dgi kmn- amin nasun oqor bolumui 39r;

raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v; amin nasun btgeki delgereglk 45v;

amin nasun aqur bolqu 47v; nasun uribasu 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r; nasun btgebes 28r, 34v;

kbegn trbes ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu 32r; qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse

38r; nasun urtu bolqu iles 45v; nasun urtu bolqu 57v; em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun

egdeki 53r; nasun-a 53r, 53r; qulu(an-a ilt kmn arban tabu qorin dolo(an (uin ede

nasun-a em-e abubasu ma(u 53r; qorin naiman nasun-a ese kbes iran nasulayu 61v; qorin

nasun-aa nggerebes dalan nasulayu 61v; kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r.

873
GLOSSARY

nasun btgebes [S. yuhsdhan]; if one performs a rite for longevity (28r, 34v); cf.

sidi in Lessing, 698.

nasun[-u tarni] uribasu if one recites the dh~ran} of life (27v, 28r, 29v, 30r); see RRS,

377.

nayan eighty: nayan nasula- 61r, 61r, 61v.

nayir (arbasu if one holds a feast (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v).

nayitabasu if one sneezes (57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v).

negegi [Ch. kai/kai to open (Mathews 3204)]; the one that opens; the 11th lord of the

day: ke negegi edr 36v; mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i nege<ge>gi qa(a(i kemen ungimui

35v.

negegemel opening: suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr 60v; edeger

negegemel kemek edr 60v.

negdel/negdel nomadizing; transhumanance; move; travel: yeke negdel yabubasu

41v; negdel negbes 44r; ereg ba negdel buu od 58v

negdel negbes if one nomadizes (44r).

negbes if one moves (36r).

ner-e eribes if one seeks a name (35r).

ner-e gbes if one gives a name (26v, 30r, 32r).

ner-e ngge name and form; the 4th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination

(itn barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the snake of the 12 animals: mo(ai ner-e

874
GLOSSARY

ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

ner-e-dr ner-e ggbes gives a name for a name (25v); perhaps this means to give a

nickname or a secret name.

neyiile- to be friendly with someone, i.e. to have sexual relations: kbegn okin(-i)

neyiilebes 36r, 37r.

neyilikil- to be in harmony with someone, i.e., to have sexual relations: kegken abun

neyilikilbes 36r.

neyilegl- to combine, e.g., medicine or poison: em neyileglbes 11v; qoor-a

neyileglbes 41v; neyileglki 45v; qoor neyileglki iles 46r; em neyileglki sayin edr

56r.

nid(n) eyes: Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v; nidn-dr nidn met

qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v; nidn-d gem-d kmn 4v; nidn-dr r-e sadun

delgereged 52v; nidn-dr nidn met qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v; sn kir(abasu

nidn-dr qari 57v; tegni medeki-dr nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg

4v; belge inu nigen nidn-iyer ebes 3v; ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a

tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r; balai kmn-i nidt[e]i bol(a(i Anurad buyu 33v;

(urban nidt drbelin 44r; (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt

drbelin bui 20v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui 25r.

nid- to grind, e.g., medicine: em nidbes 36r, 37r; otai-yin em nidbes 35v.

875
GLOSSARY

ni(ua secret, a euphemism for the genitals, one of the parts of the body commonly named

in divination diagrams; ni(ua-dur r-e-gei bolqu 52v.

ni(ua (to(-a) secret mathematics; one of the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Klacakratantra (cf. Cornu, 25-26); (ada(adu doto(adu

ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v.

ni(un boy, son: ni(un trbes 43r

ni(un trbes if a son is born (43r).

ni(ur face: mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad

buyu 34r; ni(ur ugiya(i 52v; okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur

doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu 53r; okin-i ni(ur

emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu 53r; qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r;

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v; ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu

g kemebes 53v.

ni(ur ugiya(i the one who washes [the brides] face (52v).

nigen one: nigen 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 5v,

5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 20v, 20v, 22v, 23r, 24r, 24r,

24v, 26v, 28v, 28v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 34r,

34r, 36v, 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v,

48r, 48r, 51r, 52r, 54v, 55r, 56r, 56r, 59r, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 60v, 60v, 60v; nigen in-e 2r,

8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v,

876
GLOSSARY

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; inein nigen 41v;

nigen edr 22r, 42r; Nigen sar-a 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v.

Nigen sar-a the first month; used occasionally instead of Qubi sara: 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v.

nigen in-e the first day of the month: 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; inein nigen 41v.

nigles- to pity, be compassionate, merciful: deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id-

aa 1v; ndsn- geign-i nigleski 2r.

niglt kmn sinful person (5r).

niiged/neiged [=nieged] one each; one by one: neiged neiged/niiged niiged 6r, 6r;

edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v; niiged niiged gertr

yegdk 6r; edr niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r; ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged

odun bui. niiged gara( bui. niiged gara(-lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui 33r.

nilbusun tear: qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r.

nilq-a infant: (aar kdelbes [n]ilq-a ke ba ai qudalduin-a ma(u bui 30r.

nirai infant, newborn: nir[a]i-dur ner-e gbes 32r

niru(u(n)/nira(un back, spine; ridgepole, i.e., of a house: ir(u(an in-e arban drben

qorin qoyar (uin-a noqai niru(u ma(u 49v; drben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-[y]i qara 41r;

niru(un 55r, 55r, 55r; a(an baras-un niru(un mr (arbasu sayin 49r; [n]iru(un inu umara

55r; gern [n]iru(un met 59v; niru(un-dur 55r; kke luu-yin niru(un-tur mr (arbasu sayin

877
GLOSSARY

49r; niru(un-dur r-e tasuraqu 52v; nira(un-dur r-etasuram 52v; [n]iru(un-tur beri buu

ab<a> 55r; niru(un-tur erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v; ken-dr uira(san beri niru(un-

ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui bgded ma(u 54r.

nis- to fly: a(ur-a salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r.

nitul- to kill, slaughter, esp. of animals: nitulqui-tur duritu 32r; alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes

28r.

no(i ?cripple: takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i Mig buyu 33v.

no(o(an green: no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35v.

nom dharma; law; book: nom 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r; nom buyan

iledbes 24r; nom ungibasu 25v, 27v; nom biebes 26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v; nom biig

biibes 36v; nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui

37v; arli( nom medek bolumui 37v; nom ba yertin-deki aliba sayin iles iledbes 44v;

Ayui-yin nom ungiqui 45v; nom kiged buyan keig delgerek 46v; nom buyan iledk 60v;

ksed-n nom-du 60v; agabad teglder nom-dur tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 29r; gligi

nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r; nom-dur orobasu 36r; burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v; nemleky-

yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil 1v; nen nom-un krdn 13r; nom-un il-dr duratai 25v.

nom biebes if one inscribes the dharma (26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v).

nom biig biibes if one writes a scripture (36v).

nom buyan iled- to perform dharma merit (60v).

nom buyan iledbes if one performs dharma merit (24r).

nom nomlabasu if one preaches the dharma (23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r).

878
GLOSSARY

nom ungibasu if one reads the dharma (25v, 27v).

nom-dur orobasu if one starts [to read] a scripture (36r).

nomi theologian; scholar; bibliophile: nomi tegs ir(alang-du bolumui 27v.

nomla- to preach: Nagajuna ba(i nomlaba 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v,

61r; ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; nomla(san-u tulada 1v, 4r, 37v;

ilau tegs ngigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandaris 2r; nomla(san-i tayilbasu 2r;

qutu(tu Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v; burqan-u nomla(san

Naran-u irken neret sudur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu

edr 49v; keriy-e-yin ndsn-dr nomla(san buyu 56v; nomlauqui 3r; busu sudur-ud-tur

nomlauqui 2r; noqai-dur ebedin emeleki-i igerlegln nomlauqui 56v; Manjuari-yin

ndsn dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r; dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu

kemebes 37v.

nomo(adqa- to pacify, subdue, e.g., an enemy; demons: dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r;

idker-nu(ud-i nomo(odqabasu 23r; idkd-yi nomo(odqabasu 34v, 35v; qari-yi

nomo(odqabasu 28r; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r; kger-i

nomo(adqabasu 46v; ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r; nomo(odqaqui ile 31v.

noqai dog: Noqai il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; noqai

ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r; noqai ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; Noqai sara 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; a noqai sara

7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara 7v; im noqai sara 7v; Noqai edr

8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v,

879
GLOSSARY

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Noqai

a( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r; a noqai a( 7v; bing noqai a( 7v; uu

noqai a( 7v; king noqai a( 7v; im noqai a( 7v; a(an noqai ktelgsen 4v; noqai abqui

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; noqai (aar-a 13r; noqai quraiu

[=quriau] qoiyalamui 16r; tngri-yin noqai 32v, 52r; tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge

doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin bui 20v;

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; a(an segeret qara noqai 22r; ala( noqai 24v; noqai

teiyebes 44r; noqai kegbes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v; noqai x 58r, 58r; [n]oqai x 58r; noqai

qoi(un 49v; noqai terign 49v; noqai terigt 55r; noqai niru(u 49v; noqai l teigek l

alaqu l aniqu. l abqu 58r; aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedin emleky-[yi] igerlegln

nomlauqui 56v; noqai-yin qabar 49v; tngri-yin noqai-yin krdn 52v; tngri-yin noqai-yin

aman 53r; tngri-yin noqai-yin yabudal yeke kereg-d bui 55v.

noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Noqai a( Dog hour: 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r; a noqai a( 7v; bing

noqai a( 7v; uu noqai a( 7v; king noqai a( 7v; im noqai a( 7v.

Noqai edr Dog day: 8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v.

880
GLOSSARY

Noqai (aar-a Dog place: 13r.

Noqai il Dog year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; noqai

ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r; noqai ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v.

noqai kegbes if a dog barks (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r).

Noqai sara Dog month: 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king

noqai sara 7v; im noqai sara 7v.

noqai teiyebes if one feeds a dog (44r).

noyad [pl. of noyan]; princes, lords, masters: noyad isanglaqu 35v; noyad ii-dr ol(obasu

35v; noyad-dur ma(u 26r.

noyan lord, prince, chief, commander: noyan kmn 5r; ereg-n noyan 21v; ereg-n

noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v; ereg-n noyan kk 40r; (aar

kdelbes ulus-un noyan kk 27v; qan noyan bolqu 46v; noyan sa(uqu 47v; noyan ii

ol(abasu 37r; noyan isanglaqu 37r; ker edr noyan l isanglaqu 57r; noyan isanglabasu

61r; doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u

ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r; ireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e

ba morin-dur ma(u 41r.

noyan isanglabasu if one promotes a noble (61r).

noyan ii ol(abasu if a noble presents himself to the principle wife of the ruler (37r).

ngigsen passed from suffering: ilau tegs ngigsen burqan 1v.

881
GLOSSARY

nki- to become intimate; to become possessed by a demon (Lessing 593): egn-lge

[n]kibes 42v.

nkd [pl. of nkr]; companions, comrades: nkd l okildun qadquldu(ad 27r.

nkgesn patched: nkgesn debelt 22r.

nrge irai pockmarked face (22v).

numu(n) bow: numu 50v; numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r; naran Numun-u gertr

oro(san 18r.

Numun-u ger the house of the bow; Sagittarius; the 11th sign of the zodiac: naran Numun-

u gertr oro(san 18r.

nutu( native land: nutu( buu e 34v; nutu( ularibasu 34v, 43v; nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui

51v; (olomta ger nutu( mr ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta deg ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r; nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; in-e nutu(-dur

buu ba(u 43r.

nutu( ularibasu if one changes ones native land (34v, 43v).

nke(n) hole: (aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r; quddu( nke bulabasu 37r; quddu(

nke butegen bulabasu 36r; kegr-n nke met 59v; Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-

iyan nken-dr orkimui 11r; Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-

ee l (arumui 18r.

obo( clan: na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r; ber-e obo(-tan drben kmn

qula(uu amu 27r; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu

61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu

882
GLOSSARY

61r; Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r;

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v;

Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v;

Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden mai tbin obo(-tan buyu 61v; Kerteg ua(

qoyar ing bged gelen obo(-tan buyu 61v.

oda(/odu( hearth; oda( tlebes 42v; oda( egdbes 43v; kam-dur uira(san beri

(ar-ta(an odu( bari(san bui bgde-d sayin 54r.

oda( egdbes if one starts a fire in the hearth (43v).

oda( tlebes if one kindles a fire in the hearth (42v).

odud [pl. of odun]; stars: odud 37r, 37v, 37v, 46v, 48v, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 61r;

rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali

bui 33r; odud-un terign Kerteg bui 33r

odu(n) star: odun 37v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 51r, 53r, 56r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 61r; odun na(idar-un krdn 2r; odun ba na(idar-un uaral 2v; nara urbaqui odun 2v;

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v; qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun

na(idar-yi to(alaqu gei 3v;saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki 4r; nidn-iyen odun

na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg 4v; aliba odun na(idar-yi endegre ese medebes 4v;

odun na(idar-i l medek 4v; iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

883
GLOSSARY

19v, 19v, 24r, 24r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 56r; Naran odun

4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 52r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r,

22r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 56r; 'al odun 4v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 52r, 56r; Usun odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r;

Modun odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 43r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 56v; Altan odun

4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

884
GLOSSARY

17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r; odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r; minu

odun ali bui 32v; yabuqui odun 32v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Smber

a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v; dumda bki-yi to(orin yabu(i odun 32v; a(ula-yin

door-a to(orin yabu(i odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun

kiged Vim-a neret qoyar odun bui 32v; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i <m>odun mn

uridu qoyar odun teriglen ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai ba. Modun odun kiged

orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v; Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen qorin

naiman odun ba. nara sara kiged isn gara( ba. a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar okin tngri

ba. yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v; ken il-lu(-a niiged odun bui

33r; arban tabun odun bgde door-a to(orimui 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali bui33r;

usun-u galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen

kmn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r;

nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r;

geg kmn-i bayan bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; bayan kmn-i gegreglegi odun ali bui

33r; qurim-dur keig tasurla(i odun ali bui 33r; iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] timeriddgi

odun ali bui 33r; nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; r-e-gei

kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; (uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali

bui 33r; i(ul(an-dur ola ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr

oro(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i [odun] ali bui 33r; inu-a-yin

kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed-n erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui

885
GLOSSARY

33v; ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v; ma(ui udusq-a

ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i odun ali bui 33v; ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu

34r; odun na(idar sayin bges 37v, 42r, 46r; odun na(idar uirabasu 37v; edr-lu(-a odun

qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; tlegi odun 44v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar

bolumui 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn-

yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45r; Luuq-a odun 45v; odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi

il(au biisgei 46r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui

sayin odun 51r; beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r; ede odun na(idar

tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r; gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v;

odun gara( 55r; Mul odun 56r; (adquldu(i tngri-yin egden odun 59r; bayan kmn-i

geyireglgi odun 59r; ilu(un n<e>gge gelen odun 59r; usun-dur alda(san imnus-un

odun 59r; i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r; (ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r; rne

umara-yin iim odun 59r; albin-u tegermei odun 59r; qakirqui gebri odun 59r; kger

qara arudasun odun 59r; (altu tor(on ergiki Modun odun 59r; bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun

59r; btgi odun 59r; k sang bari(i odun 59r; nigen em-e yisn er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r;

tngri-yin ijim odun 59r; qan kmn tr kk odun 59r; dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r;

drbelin kri odun 59r; da(ulai nin odun 59r; ila(un daru(da(i odun 59r; grgein

886
GLOSSARY

imnus-un odun 59r; miqai gebri-yin odun 59r; yeke sun-a odun 59r; miqai a(an odun

59r; r-e tasulu(i odun 59r; nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i odun 59r; abu(i eliy-e

odun 59r; odun erdem-yi to(olabasu 60v; Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n

odun bui 60v; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui 60v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

btgek-yin odun bui 60v; Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v;

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v; ua( Auvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui

60v; ber-n odun 60v; drben r-e tasura(san odun 61r; drben tan odun 61r; drben

belbesn odun 61r; eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r; eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; eden drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v; eden

odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v; ede (urban odun-aa busu inu ma(u 56v;

ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; ede sayin odun-dur itgen-dr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r; ber-n trgsen odun-dur ya(un

buu iled 56r; Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v; Altan odun-dur tusa yeke bolqu

56v; drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v; drben es odun-dur qutu( l

oroi(ulqu bui 61v; odun-i 50v; ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ulu edr-n odun-i medek bolai

5r; qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu 21r; dolo(an odun-i

nen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v; Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r; iroi odun-iyar

ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki 2v;

na(idarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr 2v;

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali 25r; tabun odun-u dri inu

887
GLOSSARY

tergen- krdn met bui 25v; (urban odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui 26r; isn

odun-u dri inu. kirge-met bui 26r; (urban odun-u dri inu. tul(-a-yin modun met bui

26v; (urban odun dri inu kir(a(ul met bui 27r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin

terign met bui 27r; ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v; qoyar odun-u dri inu

qulu(an-a met bui 27v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r; tabun odun-u dri inu (ar

met bui 28r; nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui 28v; drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni

met bui 28v; drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu a(an-u terign

met bui 29v; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v; (urban odun-u dri inu

grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met 30r; drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r; tabun

odun-u dri inu a(an met bui 30v; drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v;

(urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 31r; drben odun-u dri vair met bui

31r; qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r; qoyar odun-u dri inu tergen met bui

31v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v; (uin qoyar odun dri inu

ong(ua met bui 31v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui 32r; (urban odun-u

dri inu lingquu-a met bui 32r; odun-u terign ali bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin 38r; edr-n

odun-u sayin uiral 38r; odun-u sayin-i edr-iyer il(ayu 46r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu

g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; na(idar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud

ene bui 59v; edr-n odu-yi medebes na(idar-yi tegber medek bolai 5r.

o(tar(ui sky; firmament: (aar-un snes anu. Baras Mo(ai Bein 'aqai edr-e o(tar(ui-

du amui 58v; o(tar(ui-dur Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 8r; o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni

na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; o(tar(ui-dur

888
GLOSSARY

ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; o(tar(ui-dur ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; o(tar(ui-

dur Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r; o(tar(ui-dur Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r;

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r; ir(oli terigten amitan degde

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r; o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r; o(tar(ui-dur

Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r; o(tar(ui-tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r;

o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(idar-iyar r geyim 19r; o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v.

oi modun forest: oi modun o(talqui 61v.

okid [pl. of okin]; girls; daughters; maidens: naran Okin-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-

deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r.

okin/kin [okin is Ordos pronunciation of kin]; girl; daughter; maiden: okin 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54r; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r; Okin tngri

ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; (uin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v; Okin tngri ba(uqu

edr 47r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v; okin gbes 21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 41v; okin ber'i gbes 22v, 35v; okin buu g 34r, 53r;

(aqai edr okin l gk 58r; okin beri buu g. buu ab 58v; okin bges il(ari bui 23r; okin

trbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v; okin debes 31v; okin bo(tala- 36r, 36v, 36v,

37r, 47v; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r; okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin

ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v; kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r; ai

okin ken buyu 32v; ai okin i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge glemi 32v; ai okin

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali [. . .] 32v; okin glern 32v, 33v; okin qari(uu gler-

n 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v; okin bges gem l boluyu 51v; ede dumda beri bui. okin

889
GLOSSARY

trmi 52r; segl-tr okin olan 52v; debel tlebes okin kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu 57v;

kin gk 60r; okin-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; borbin-dur okin-da(an qari 52v; okin-dur ini

l gki ma(u edr 53v; okin-i 54r; kbegn okin-i neyiilebes 36r; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-

yi ek krdn 51r; okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur doron-a

g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i

ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i (aqai a(-tu (al-

dur mrgglbes sayin 53v; ker qonin ilt okin-i takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl 53v;

baras bein ilt okin-i (aqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; taulai takiy-a ilt okin-i Noqai

a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; luu noqai ilt okin-i taulai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; mogai

(aqai ilt okin-i bein a(tu (al-dur mrgglbes sayin 54r; qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i

nigen in-e arban (urban ir(u(an-a umara doron-a mr (arbasu sayin 54r; qulu(an-a ilt

okin-i taulai iltd buu g 54v; ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d buu g 54v; baras ilt okin-i

mo(ai ilt-d buu g 54v; taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d buu g 54v; luu ilt okin-i qonin

ilt-d buu g 54v; mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d buu g 54v; morin ilt okin-i takiy-a

ilt-d buu g 54v; qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d buu g 54v; bein ilt okin-i (aqai ilt-

d buu g 54v; takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g 54v; naran Okin-u gerdr

oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r; ede okin-u il bui tokiyal-

du(ulu egdeki 51r; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-d ma(u 51r; ede okin-u il bui

tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; okin-u mr (arqu edr 54r.

okin ba(ul(abasu if a girl is brought into ones household (43v).

okin beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a girl or bride into ones household (44r, 44r, 46v).

890
GLOSSARY

okin ber'i gbes if one gives away a daughter or bride (22v, 35v).

okin bo(talabasu if a daughter gets engaged (36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r).

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu if a daughter gets engaged or is brought into ones

household (36v).

okin gbes if one gives away a daughter (21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r,

35r, 35r, 41v, 41v).

okin sara maiden month, i.e., a month with no more than twenty-nine days; see also em-e

sara: ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r.

Okin tngri [Tib. Lha-mo]; girl god; given in the manual as okin tngri for kin tngri; cf.

RRS, 430-432; Waddell, 334, 364; ODT, 23; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui

20r; (uin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r.

okin trbes if a daughter is born (25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v).

okin debes if a daughter is sent off (31v).

Okin-u ger the house of the maiden; Virgo; the 8th sign of the zodiac: naran Okin-u gerdr

oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r.

olgi- to backbite, gossip; blame; cause enmity; curse: olgiqui iles-dr sayin 46r.

on calendar year; on marks a period of one years duration; contrast this with il which

marks the year by its moment of inception; thus, in terms of counting, whereas il marks the

sequence of time inclusively, on marks it exclusively: (urban a(un iran ir(u(an edr-i

nigen on bol(aju bui 6v; edged-n nigen on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au to(alabasu

ir(u(an edr lemi 6v; ene on uu sui 7r; qoyitu on li un 7r; tngri (aar-un on sara edr

891
GLOSSARY

a( me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu 55r; din dolo(an on-du saban gei bges

uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi egdeki 6v; qur-a ese orobasu qoyitu on-du qur-a uqa( (ang

bolqu 17r; dovrm-a dovngli (ar(abasu ba(i on-du l krk 41r; (urban on-dur (uin

ir(u(an edr bolumui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen [=legsen]

ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen saban sara bolumui 6v; nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on-

u aliba sara saban bges 6v; tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui

6v; nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun 7r; edge ene on-u Qubi sarayin nigen

inide tokiyaldumui 7r.

ong(oa boat: ong(oa oro(ulbasu 12r; usun-dur ong(oa oro(ulbasu 14r; (uin qoyar

odun dri inu ong(ua met bui 31v; ong(oa met 59v; in-e ba qa(uin ong(oa mrin-e

buu oro(ul buu getlge 35v; in-e ong(oa usun-a oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v; ong(oa

yabu(ulbasu 36v;ong(oa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu 47v.

ong(oa deger-e (arbasu if one goes out on a boat (47v).

ong(oa oro(ulbasu if one launches a boat (12r).

ong(oa yabu(ulbasu if one sends out a boat (36v).

ong(od [pl. of ong(on]; spirit inhabiting a material object, genie, guardian spirit, tutelary

deity; spirit of a deceased person, ghost; pure, holy, sacred consecrated; tomb of a saint or an

imminent person, family tomb; shamanist ancestral idol; naturally white hair (Lessing 614;

SE II 168-173); ong(od-i takibasu 35v; tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r,

48r; burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v.

ong(od-i takibasu if one sacrifices to a tutelary deity (35v).

892
GLOSSARY

ordo [Ch. gong palace]; palace; a division of the sky; in Chinese astrology there are four

main palaces dividing the heavens along the equatorial circle, the Blue Dragon of spring in

the east (Mong. kke luu), the Red Bird of summer in the south (Mong. ula(an aa(ai) the

White Tiger of autumn in the west (Mong. a(an baras) and the Black Tortoise of winter in

the north (Mong. qara yasutu menekei); in addition to these four seasonal palaces, the sky is

divided in other ways as well: into outer, middle and inner rings (as it was in India and ancient

Babylon as well); into nine palaces (Ch. jiugong), one for each of the cardinal and ordinal

directions plus the center; as well as into thirteen palaces, representing the twelve earthly

branches or zodiacal twelve-fold division of the sky, plus the center; cf. Needham (1959: 240-

243); Smith, Richard (1992: 11-12, 31); for the term (ordu) in the Uygur Turfan texts, see

Rachmati (399); doto(adu ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r; altan ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r;

tngri-yin ordo-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

ordo qari palace; this probably refers specifically to an icon-case, a receptacle for a

burqan (see RRS, 167); ordo qari asabasu 21v.

ordo qari asabasu if one repairs a palace; this probably refers specifically to an icon-

case, a receptacle for a burqan (see RRS, 167); ordo qari asabasu 21v.

orgil summit: Smber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari

terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i

odun 32v, 32v; mn uridu qoyar odun teriglen ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai

ba. Modun odun kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v.

893
GLOSSARY

orki- to dispose of, leave behind: tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu 46v; mo(ai arisun-iyan

nken-dr orkimui 11r; isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v.

oro(n) 1. place, land; 2. throne; 3. branch of learning: in-e irigen oro asabasu 36v; oron

3r; Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; burqan-u oron eribes 22v; (qan) oron-a sa(u- 8r,

21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; qara

Kitad-un oron-dur 2r; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari

1v; naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula 12r; oron-u irige baribasu 37r.

oron-a sa(ubasu if one sits on the throne (8r).

orod senses: ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

oroi the crown of the head: luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; oroi-ta(an Kitad

qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri [Tib. spyi-bor zor-bai bya-ru btsugs-pai bag-

ma]; the bride who holds a Chinese sickle on the crown of her head (54r). (Compare with

TEDP, 214).

orong(-a banner, flag, standard: yerti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v; dolo(an

orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r.

orong(u a kind of antelope with long flat horns: orong(u-yin eber 60r.

orong(u-yin eber antelope horn; one of the five protectors (tabun qalqala(i); used in

medicine to stop diarrhoea (Rechung, 1973: 71): 60r.

894
GLOSSARY

otai [fr. Uygur]; physician, doctor; herbalist (Lessing, 625): emi otai kmn 4v; otai-yi

erin ebedin-i iglbes 36v; otai-yin em nidbes 35v.

oyir-a near: keger-e oyir-a bui 24r; oyir-a g eri oldayu 24r; ed mal ibqarabasu oyir-a bui

28r; qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r.

ber-n tusa btgebes if one accomplishes something for ones own benefit; btge-

is associated with accomplishing Tantric rites and siddhi; cf. Lessing p. 152, 698; ber-n tusa

btgebes 22v.

ig testimony, prayer: ig ibes 27r, 35r.

ig ibes if one prays a prayer (27r, 35v).

im perhaps im, deverbal noun from i-, to pray, offer, testify, and so offertory;

egden-dr igerde morin im ula(an debelt ba ula(an (ajar bui--a 22v.

gked [pl. of gken]; little ones: qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada

adalamui 26v; gked-n eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v.

gked-n ada the demons of the little ones: qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada

adalamui 26v.

gked-n eliy-e the demons of the little ones: gked-n eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v,

30v, 30v, 31v.

gked-n eliy-e darubasu if one suppresses the demons of the little ones (27r, 28v,

30v, 30v, 31v).

gken small, insignificant; humble; few: gken tusa btgebes 16r; gken

ari(un kbegn 24r; gken sedkil-d boluyu 31r.

895
GLOSSARY

gken sedkil fine mind, a mind for minute details: gken sedkil-d boluyu 31r.

gken tusa btgebes if one accomplishes a small favor (16r).

ken small, insignificant; humble; few: ken sar-a 53r; basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi

ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au 6v; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r;

ken i(asun qoiyalamui 11r; ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v; ara

ken kmn 24r; kbegn trbes yeke kimor-du ken beligt [=biligt] 26v; ai okin

i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge glemi 32v; yeke ken odun bgde

dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v; ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged odun bui 33r; ene sarada

qariqugei bgetel-e ir(u(an inede ken i(ulumui 38v; ken edr 41v; saras-un yeke

ken-i irek bges mn egn-ee eregdeki 7r.

ken edr a small day (41v).

ken il a small year: ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged odun bui 33r.

ken qara edr [Tib. nyi ma nag chung ba]; a slightly black day; this is to be contrasted

with the yeke qara edr (see TEDP, 123, 133): ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul

bui 20v.

ken sar-a a small month, i.e., a month with no more than 29 days; see also its

complement, yeke sar-a and the synonym, ba(-a sar-a; ken sar-a 53r; basa arban qoyar

sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au 6v.

dken asun heavy snow: (aar tal-a dken asun bolumui 19r.

dtr immediately, quickly: ile iledbes dtr btk 45r; debel eskeki inu nigen in-e

dter da(usqabasu sayin 55v.

896
GLOSSARY

d feather: tas dt sumun 32v.

gdeiky-yin takil gbes if one gives the ungiveable offering (31v); see the comparable

form ergeiki in Ligeti, Report prliminaire, 130-140.

gede upward: gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede

qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; gede qandu(san (adusun 39r; qariqu edrn belge inu gede

qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; gede qandu(san ara sar-a erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu

gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r.

gekn fat, lard: buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

gligi almsgiver, benefactor: kbegn trbes bayan bolu(ad gligi nom-dur duritu

boluyu 30r.

glige alms: glige g- 25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r, 45v.

glige gbesu if one gives alms (25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r).

glige gbes abubasu if one gives or receives alms (35r, 37r, 41r).

lei auspice, favorable omen, happiness, good luck: lei qutu( 50r; lei qutu( oroi(san

edr lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; li qutu(

oroi(ulbasu 21v, 29r; li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v; li qutu(tu edr 34v;

qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar

sedkigsen bty 45v; li qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar

bui 60v; kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; li-d bolqu 50r; leyit 56r; aliba-yi

ila(u(i tegs leyit boluyu 25v; Bus na(idar kemebes tegs leyit na(idar bui 26v;

897
GLOSSARY

leyit mr 54r, 54r, 54r; mo(ai morin ilt okin doron-a leyit mr 54r; leyit bolqu

56r, 56r; dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r.

lei qutu( happiness, blessing: lei qutu( 50r; lei qutu( oroi(san edr lei qutu(

oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; li qutu( oroi(ulbasu 21v,

29r; li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v; li qutu(tu edr 34v; qoyar kei uarabasu

li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen bty 45v;

li qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v.

li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar the eight fortunate nakshatra: qorin naiman

na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. dorona Margasar Bus qoyar

emne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar. rn-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar. umara

Udaribadaribad kiged Aivani qoyar 60v.

lng hungry, of character: lng aburitu 25v.

mi property: kbegn- mi gbes 27r; kbegn-e mi gbes 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v;

kbegn-e mi l gki 53v.

ndegele- to lay eggs: salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r; takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un

ndegelemi 19r.

ngge color; appearance; characteristics: nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim

(aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; nara ingge arban alqum

nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; arban qoyar

sarayin ngge medek krdn ene bui 7v; mo(ai ner-e ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

898
GLOSSARY

18v, 19v, 19v; mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v; morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi

12r; ilu(un n<e>gge gelen odun 59r; il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui

52r; tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v; ede ngget il orobasu iran

il il(au e 52r; qar-a ngge-d Smber a(ul-a 55r; beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel

emsteki 52r.

ni long ago; for a long time: ni l oyilaqu 24v, 57v; ni l usadqu 34v; ni qola (aar

57r; ni qutu(-aa biig irek 57r.

nin orphan; [Ch. gu/ku (Mathews 3470)]; a quality of inauspicious stars; see also

qo(osun (Dor, v. 4, 398): nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui

27r; nin kmn qula(uyu 28v; (ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r; da(ulai nin odun

59r.

nr populous; members of a family: nr drben-d kmn[-] yasun (ar(abasu 24v;

kmn kbes nr bges r-e tasuraqu 42v.

r dawn: r geyi- 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r, 42v; Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r;

Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r; Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; ua(

na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; Burvasad na(idar-iyar r

geyim 13r; Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r;

Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r; Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r; Margiar na(idar-

iyar r geyim 18r; Bus na(idar-iyar r geyim 19r.

ri abubasu if one takes on a debt (22v, 25r, 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r).

ri ba ed mal gbes if one makes a loan, gives possessions or livestock (31v).

899
GLOSSARY

ri gbes if one gives debt, i.e., if one makes a loan; ri gbes 21v, 27r, 27v, 29r, 29v,

32r, 35r; ri buu g 34r.

rgesn quill: so( ariyan-u rgesn 60r.

rlge morning: rlge 40r; rlge idei 40r.

rlbi pincers, pliers: rlbi met 59v.

rn-e west: 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14r, 14r, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r,

16r, 16v. 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v,

58v, 60v; rn-e g 22v, 23r, 24v, 31r, 42r, 53v; rn-e g uduridbasu 22r; rn-e g

odbasu 49v, 50v; rn-e qandu(san ger 22v; rn-e doron-a 33v, 34r; rn-e odbasu 50r, 50r;

rn-e-ee doron-a g 40r, 42r.

rn-e emn-e southwest: 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 15r, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 18r, 19r,

19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v; emn-e rn-e

11v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v; rn-e emn-e g 26r.

rn-e g odbasu if one goes west (49v, 50v).

rn-e g uduridbasu if one leads [them] to the west (22r).

rn-e odbasu if one goes west (50r, 50r).

900
GLOSSARY

rn-e umar-a northwest: 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 16v, 17r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 55r,

55v, 55v, 59r; rn-e umara qandu(san (ool 24r.

tege bear: tege 59r; ara tege-yin 59r.

teg/teg elderly: kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr teg ebgen emegen buu od

27r; teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu 31v.

telki kki old age and death; the 12th stage in the twelve links of dependent

origination (itn barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the Ox of the twelve animals:

ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

ping/bing [Ch. ping/ping (Mathews 5303); Mong. tbidkegi]; level; 4th of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v; ping tbidkegi edr 36r.

p [Ch. po/po (Mathews 5344); Mong. ebdegi]; to destroy; 7th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

p ebdegi. edr 36r; bi p edr ma(u 48v.

qabar nose; muzzle: noqai-yin qabar 49v; qabar-tur qar-a mr-d bolunam 52v.

qabar(-a ribs: Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un qabar(-a-

bar ergimi 55r; Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un qabar(-a-bar

ergimi 55r.

qabi(ai asabasu if one repairs a passageway (46v).

901
GLOSSARY

qabtasun wooden printing blocks: dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur

bei 24r.

qabur spring: qabur namarun a(ur 6r; qabur namurun qu(us 59r; qaburun terign sara 2r,

2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r, 41r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun ekin Baras sar-a Lii-du

ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v; qaburun ekin 7r;

qaburun terign Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r, 41r; qaburun dumdadu

Jayitari sara 3r, 10r; qaburun es sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v; qaburun es ua( sara 11r;

qaburun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r.

qaburun dumdadu sara the middle month of spring: qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r,

41r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 3r, 10r.

qaburun es sara the final month of spring: qaburun es sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v; qaburun

es ua( sara 11r.

qaburun ekin sar-a the first month of spring: Lii-du ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig sara-

yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v; qaburun ekin 7r.

qaburun (urban sara the three months of spring (42r, 42r, 55r).

qabur namarun a(ur the breath of spring and autumn, i.e., the beginning of spring and

fall (6r)

qabur namurun qu(us the vernal and autumnal equinox (59r).

qaburun terign sara the first month of spring: qaburun terign sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r,

41r; qaburun terign Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r.

902
GLOSSARY

qad [pl. of qan]; rulers: luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; luus-un qad

adalamui 26v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki

43r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; naiman luus-ud

qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui

8r; Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r; luus-un qad-un oga

iledbes 22r; luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v; tabun

kmn qad-un imeg-iyer ime 22r.

qada(n) rock; qada (aar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v; qada ila(un-aa modun (ar(an idamu 32v;

qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v; takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i 33v; qadan-dur

ger baribasu 35v.

qada( [Tib. kha btags]; a long narrow piece of silk or other cloth especially made for

making formal offerings: a(an qada( 50v.

qadam in-laws: ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v.

qadu- to harvest: qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r.

qadu(ur/qada(ur [Tib. dgra zor]; the sickle (cf. ODT,16); ebdegi edrn belge inu

qada(ur bui 20v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v; belge inu qara

qada(ur 43v; ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v; ir(u(an qada(ur odun 33v; ir(u(an qada(ur

odun Anurad buyu 34r; isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; oroi-

ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

903
GLOSSARY

qa(a(i [Ch. bi/pi (Mathews 5092)]; the closer, the one that closes: 12th of the twelve lords

of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i

ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; bi qa(a(i edr

37r.

qa(al- to investigate; decide; judge: ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v.

qa(al(-a door; doorway: in-e qa(al(-a baribasu 22r; qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme

bosqabasu 32r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r; qa(al(-a igbes 43v, 46v, 48r; qa(al(-a

sayin bui 51v; qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r.

qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme bosqabasu if one erects a door or a water mill (32r).

qa(al(-a igbes [=egbes] if one hangs a door (43v, 46v, 48r).

qa(an ruler; emperor; king: qa(an . . . asa(urun 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r; qa(an teden alimad

bui kemen asa(ubasu 33v; qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; qa(an

sonosu(ad 32v; qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r; tngri-yin vim-a neret

deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v; (aarun ein qa(an 39v; qa(an ba(urau 42v;

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v; Jaarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu 26v;

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi 34r; yaa(-a-un qa(an-u gara( 22v; keig

erdeni qa(an-u gara( 23v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u

odun 32v.

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) biig oro(ulbasu if one submits a written tribute to a king (36r, 36v,

36v, 36v).

qa(dala- to become covered with salt: usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r.

904
GLOSSARY

qa(uin 1. last, old; qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r; nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sara 7r;

qa(uin debel 34v; qa(uin ong(oa 35v; qa(uin bara(an 36r; qa(uin ger 36r, 36v;

qa(uin kger-n yasun 36v; 2. the final ten days of the month; in his study of the Chines-

Uygur calendar in Persian historiography of the Mongol period, Charles Melville raises the

question as to the exact meaning of the term; in Mostaert and Cleaves lettres (49-54) it is

the last ten days of the month numbered backwards, i.e., the 21st = the 10th, the 22nd = 9th, etc.;

other theories are that the term refers to the second half of the month, or that it is not

numbered retrogressively (Melville, 1994: 98); from the text, though the question of

numbering is unanswered, the term is given as the complement of sara-yin in-e (the first of

the month), which clearly refers to the first ten days of the month, and thus the final ten days

of the month are implied; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal inu qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-

dr inu edr l tasuraqu qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v; odun na(idar sayin bges qa(uin-dur

u sayin 37v; qa(uin-dur iledbes 37v; qa(uin-dur abu(daqu 56v qa(uin kiged d[e]i-

yin a( 56v.

qala(un hot: (aar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r;

ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn iddlan idemi 19r; qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad kiten-

a(ur oromui 17r.

qalan/qalun blaze on the forehead, esp. of horses: egerde qalan morin 4v; qong(or

qalan morin 25r; qalun 52v.

qalqalaqu amitan protective animal: qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59v.

905
GLOSSARY

qalqala(i protector, talisman: tabun qalqala(i ede kemebes. qong keriy-e- [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin krmeli. so( ariyan-u rgesn. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

qaltar bay horse with white breast and whitish muzzle: qaltar 52v.

Qamtudquy-yin ger the house of union; Gemini; the Twins; the fifth sign of the zodiac:

naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula. yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil

trmi 12r.

qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi [S. s}ad}agayoga; Tib. sbyor drug]; the sixfold union, the

six aspects of unity; Tucci, quoting Bu-ston describes them as the six manners of becoming

consubstantial with supreme reality, (TPS, 105); refers to the doctrine of the Hua-yen

school known as the sixfold nature. The six forms are inseparable aspects inherent in all

things. Cf. DBT, 401 under "six forms"; cf. also KOT, 11; qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur

it 2r.

qan ruler; lord; emperor; king: qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r; qan oron-a

sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r; qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v;

kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v; qan

kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i [odun] ali bui 33r; qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu

33v; qan kmn iles btk 45v; qan kmn-ee ola abubasu 47v; qan kmn tr kk

odun 59r; Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu 46v; dada qan kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v;

qan-dur mai sayin 52v; grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r.

qan kmn-ee ola abubasu if one receives a title from a ruler (47v).

906
GLOSSARY

qan oron-a sa(ubasu if a ruler takes the throne (21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r).

qandu- to face, direct oneself toward: gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; lei qutu(

oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san (adusun 39r;

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; gede

qandu(san (adusun 39r; qariqu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; kk

edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r; doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 45r;

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge

inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-

a bui 20r; tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v;

degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v; doro(i qandu(san jindamuni 45r; rn-e qandu(san gerte

abu odba 22v; ger-n egde umara g qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 23v; rn-e

umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu amu 24r; doron-a g qandu(san

qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g 53v; qulu(an-a

ker (aqai ilt okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; baras taulai luu okin-i

ni(ur doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; bein takiy-a noqai ilt okin-i ni(ur rn-e

g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; mo(ai morin qonin ilt

okin-i ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v.

qangin ?a place name; Mostaert notes that biqar qangin is probably for biqar keyid; biqar

< S. vihara "temple, monastery," (Mostaert, MMAD, 12, n. 22), but perhaps the reference is

to a monastery in Qangin, Inner Mongolia, a person, Biqar qa(an, or king Pehar; biqar qangin-

u iruqai 26r.

907
GLOSSARY

qangpan qongpan Queen Qangpan (TEDP, 120, 122-123, 353); qangpan qongpan 53r.

qara/qar-a [Tib. nag]; black. In Mongolian the color black sometimes means, clear,

(e.g., qara usun clear water) or common (qara kmn commoner), but it also has a

negative connotation, an association with evil, akin to the idea of black magic in English.

The manual notes black years, black months, black days, and black hours. These are

considered dangerous, contrary times when demons of various sort are said to roam; (cf.

TEDP, 127-135): qara 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 45r; qara Kitad-un oron 2r; qara

Kitad-un to(-a 2r; qara Kitad-un to(ain 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r; qara kmn 5r, 5r;

qara morin (unu-) 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v; qara ya(um-a 5r; qara sa sg 20r; qara nara bui 20r;

qara indamuni 20r, 45r; qara jva sg 20r; qara jii sg 20v; qara dusul 20v, 20v, 41v;

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; qoyar qara dusul 43r; ken qara edrn belge 20v; yeke qara

edr 20v, 41v, 41v; (urbalin qara 20v; solbi(san qara iruqai 20v, 20v, 44v; drbelin qara

debisker 20v, 44v; doro(i qandu(san qara sara 20v; qara ging sg 20v; qara kegeri bariju

22r; qara kiiri bariu 23r; qara imeg-iyer ime 22r; a(an segeret qara noqai 22r; qara keb

24v; qara modun 24v; qar-a to(o(an 26v; qara debel 34v, 35r; (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v;

qara orong(-a bariu 39v; qara mo(ai 41r; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; qara saras 41r, 41r;

geyireglgi qara edr 41v; a(-un qara 42r; qara ingpng-n yabudal 42r; qara ingpng

giki 42r; qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v; qara imu

42v; tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui 42v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i

(aar-un ein giki edr 43v; qara qada(ur 43v; qara yasutu meneki 49r; qara sarayin asal

50v; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; qar-a mr 52v; iyerk qara edr 53r; tngri-yin qara

908
GLOSSARY

noqai 55r; qar-a ngge-d 55r; kger qara arudasun odun 59r; qara-dur bolbasu 51v; debel

quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r; il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r.

qara a( black hour, i.e., a dark hour when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); il kiged

sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r.

qara indamuni black wish-fulfilling jewel (20r, 45r).

qara dusul black drop: 20v, 20v, 41v; (urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; qoyar qara dusul 43r.

qara edr black day, i.e., a bad day when demons roam; noted as well is the especially black

day (yeke qara edr); (cf. TEDP 123-135); yeke qara edr 20v, 41v, 41v; il kiged sar-a edr

a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; il kiged sar-a edr a(-un

qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; geyireglgi qara edr 41v; iyerk qara edr 53r.

qara ging sg black [Tibetan] letter ki (20v).

qara jii sg black [Tibetan] letter zi (20v).

qara il black year, i.e., a bad year when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); il kiged sar-a

edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r.

qara jva sg black [Tibetan] letter tshe (20r).

qara Kitad [Tib. rgya nag]; black China/Chinese; the term is derived from the Tibetan

designation of China as the Black land (as opposed to India, the White land (rgya gar)) and

thus reflects the Tibetan orientation of the field of mathematics (to(-a): qara Kitad-un oron

2r; qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r; qara Kitad-un to(ain 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r.

qara kmn perhaps a black-skinned person but more probably, a commoner: 5r, 5r.

qara modun black tree, i.e., the larch tree (24v).

909
GLOSSARY

qara mo(ai black snake (41r).

qara morin a black horse: qara morin (unu-) 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v.

qar-a mr the black path (52v).

qara qada(ur the black sickle (43v).

qara qara(ai black hawk: (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v.

qara nara black sun: qara nara bui 20r.

qara sa sg black [Tibetan] letter sa (20r).

qara sara 1. black moon (a symbol); doro(i qandu(san qara sara 20v; 2. black month,

i.e., a bad year when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); qara saras 41r, 41r; il kiged sar-a

edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; qara sarayin asal 50v.

qara imu black imnus demons (42v).

qara ingpng black Zinpung demons: qara ingpng-n yabudal 42r; qara ingpng

giki 42r; qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v.

qara yasutu meneki the black shell turtle (49r); refers to the Black Tortoise of winter,

which, together with the Blue Dragon of spring (kke luu), the White Tiger of autumn (a(an

baras), and the Red Bird of summer (ula(an aa(ai), make up the four Chinese sky animals

(cf. Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker, 113-119):

qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r.

qarau commoner: qa(an ba(urau qarau bolumui 42v.

qara(ai hawk: qara(ai iba(un taulai bariu tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; (aar-un qara

qara(ai 39v.

910
GLOSSARY

qargis qari(ulbasu if one makes a vicious reply (30v).

qari(ulul [Tib. bzlog sgyur]; reply; retribution; curse; see Bawden, SE II, 178; oli(

qari(ulul buu iled 34v.

qariyal curse: qariyal qari(ulbasu 22v, 25r, 26v; qariyal ki- 31v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 46r; qariyal

gegy-e btmi 39r.

qariyal kibes if one makes a curse (31v, 41v, 42r).

qariyal qari(ulbasu if one makes a counter curse (22v, 25r, 26v).

qari 1. obstacle, hindrance, barrier; misfortune, evil; hostile; contrary, opposed, anti-

(Lessing, 940); (ai qari 47v; Baras iln qari bein g qadqu 50v; qari 50v; borbin-dur

okin-da(an qari 52v; sn kir(abasu nidn-dr qari 57v; qari-yi nomo(odqabasu 28r; 2.

palace hall; palace [Ch. tian]; ordo qari asabasu 21v.

qari il n. [Tib. skeg-rtsis], obstacle or contrary year. For divinations concerning obstacle

years in the Vaidrya dKar-po, see TEDP, 226-259); the contrary year is common in Chinese

almanacs; in the picture on the cover of Chinese almanacs there are subtle indications of what

the year will be; the contrary year is also signified here. See also Mostaert's definition in

Dictionnaire ordus p. 297a; sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui 7r.

qari-yi nomo(odqabasu [Tib. bgegs sel ba]; if one pacifies obstacles (28r).

qas jade [colored]: qas debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r.

Qasta [S. Hasta]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Qasta 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 46v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Qasta na(idar kemebes qurdun

yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-droro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v;

911
GLOSSARY

Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral

bolai. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu(

oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

kki ma(u uaral bolumui. iroi odun Qasta qoyar 45r; Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qasta<n> Jayitar[i] Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; mr (arqu

edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Qasta

[. . .] sayin 48v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 56r; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista

Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta

Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Qasta Jayitar qoyar [. . .]

60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

qatud [pl. of qatun]; queens: qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r.

qata(uu do(in obo( the severe and fearsome clan: Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden

drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

qatun queen, empress: belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22v; qatun kmn-i

asarabasu 23r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v; Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu

igl 33v; Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r.

qayinu( A cross breed between yaks and cattle; qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r; qayinu(-dur

unuu 24r.

qayinu( qudaldubasu if one trades a qayinu( (32r).

912
GLOSSARY

qo(olai throat: Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai met na(idar kemey

27v; naiman in-e arban ir(u(an qorin drben tngri-yin qo(olai ma(u 49v; imnus-un

qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr adali ma(u 39r;

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v.

qo(osun [S. nyat, Tib. stong pa nyid; Ch. xu/hs (Mathews 2821)]; empty, the void, the

doctrine that things have no substance, no essence, no independent existence of any kind,

but exist only as aggregates of conditions and relations (Lessing, 1189); occult; a quality

of something inauspicious, e.g., a star, a time, a place, etc.; see also nin (Dor, v. 4, 398):

qo(osun qumq-a 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; qo(osun qumq-a rn-e

bui 8r; qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara rn-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu egnde. Mo(ai emn-e.

Morin rn-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Bein eg[n]de. Takiy-a emn-e. Noqai rn-e 'aqai qoyin-a.

Qulu(an-a egnde. ker sara emn-e g amui 58v; qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul

bui20v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v; (uyirini-yin (ar

qo(osun qariqu edr 43v; qo(osun (ool 24v; qo(osun bal(asun 24v; tariyan buu g. gbes

sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu.

6 Luu 7 Noqai 8 Qoni9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni 40r; ger-n qo(osun anu. nigen

sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai. 8 mori. 9 ker 10

Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v; (ar qo(osun 49v; qo(osun irek 49v, 50v, 50v; iln

qo(osun anu. Nigen sarayin Qulu(an-a Qoyar sarayin ker 'urban Baras Drben Taulai

Tabun Luu ir(u(an Mo(ai Dolo(an Mori. Naiman Qoni. Isn Bein. Arban Takiy-a Arban

nigen Noqai Arban qoyar sarayin 'aqai edr bolai 60r.

913
GLOSSARY

qo(osun qumq-a empty pitcher; Charles Bawden defines qo(osun qumq-a as, "a device

for categorizing directions which are taboo for certain purposes at certain times" (Bawden,

SE II,164-165). Bawden and Heissig's catalogue of the Copenhagen collection describes

qo(osun qumq-a this way:

A diagram with four vases disposed around a central yin-yang figure; around
each vase are three of the twelve animal-cycle names. Explanations follow.
. . . Top headings are the twelve animal-cycle names. Side headings are forty-
two names of days and other occurrences. Within the table are given numbers,
names from the animal-cycle, colours, directions, etc. etc. In the following
folios the various occurrences are elucidated. (Heissig and Bawden, 1971:
173, Mong. 375)

Cf. also Waddell, 458. As is clear from this description the term refers to a celestial influence

of some kind. It likely refers to an occult form or doppelgnger (qo(osun) of Aquarius the

Pitcher (qumq-a); cf. also ger-n qo(osun. Perhaps, however, the reference is to Ch.

tianchi/tien-chi (Mathews 6361, 549), which is another name for the 18th Chinese asterims,

mao, the Pleiades (Schlegel 1967: 353): qo(osun qumq-a 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r,

16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara rn-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu egnde.

Mo(ai emn-e. Morin rn-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Bein eg[n]de. Takiy-a emn-e. Noqai rn-e

'aqai qoyin-a. Qulu(an-a egnde. ker sara emn-e g amui 58v.

qola far: qola i(ulilabasu 25r; qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r; qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu

36r; qola (aar-a odqui 47v; qola (aar-a mr (arbasu 47v; ni qola (aar-a ni qutu(-aa

beig irek 57r; qola (aara oid irek 57r; qola (aar oriqu 58r; qola busu (aar-a odqu

61v; qola (arbasu 47v; mo(ai edr qola mr l (arqu 57v; qola-aa qudalduin irek 57r;

qola-yin oid irek 57v.

914
GLOSSARY

qola ba oyir-a odbasu if one goes either near or far (31r).

qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu if one goes to do business in a faraway place (36r).

qola (arbasu if one goes out far (47v).

qola i(ulilabasu if one travels far away (25r).

qong keriy-e raven: qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui isun

oromui 9r; qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu 60r.

qong(or fallow, yellow-bay, chestnut, i.e., of a horse: qong(or 52v; qong(or morin 4v;

qong(ur morin unu- 24v, 24v; qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu 25r.

qoni(n) sheep: qoni(n) 59r; qonin ada(ula(san 4v; in qonin sara 7v; ki qonin sara 7v;

ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; in qonin a( 7v; ki qonin a( 7v; ii

qonin a( 7v; ding qonin a( 7v; gi qonin a( 7v; qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; Qonin a( 10r, 50r, 51r; Qoni(n) (edr) 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r,

18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Qonin sara 13r, 13r, 40r,

40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; qonin

addu(ad tar(u giiu 13r; qonin (aar-a 15r; Qonin il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ilten 22r, 54r, 54v;

qonin abasu 27r; qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui

33r; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i Asli( buyu 33v; a(an qonin igs-ber takibau l

oyiiyamu kemeki 60v; nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san 10r.

915
GLOSSARY

qoni yama(-a srglebes if one herds sheep or goats (31v)

qoniin shepherd: qoniin-i eribes 35r.

qonin abasu [=abubasu] if one takes a sheep (27r).

Qonin a( Sheep hour: 10r, 50r, 51r; in qonin a( 7v; ki qonin a( 7v; ii qonin a( 7v;

ding qonin a( 7v; gi qonin a( 7v.

Qoni(n) (edr) Sheep day: 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r,

40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v,

56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v.

Qonin il Sheep year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r,

54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ilten 22r, 54r, 54v.

qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v

Qonin sara Sheep month: 13r, 13r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; in qonin sara 7v; ki qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding

qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v.

Qonin (aar-a Sheep place (15r).

Qonin-u ger the house of the Sheep; Aries; the 3rd sign of the zodiac: nara Qonin-u gertr

oro(san 10r.

qono( day; nychthemeron, i.e., a day with its night; the smallest unit of natural time = 24

hours: qono( tasura- 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v; ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r; ir(u(an ere

sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono(gei bui 3r;

916
GLOSSARY

tegber ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r; nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono(

tasuramui 3r; qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin

qono(gei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin

sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3v; Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin

qono( bui 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer

ta(alal 3v; qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu qa(uin-dur

tasuraqu 3v; edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono(

tasuraqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu 3v; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono(

sa(umui 3v; (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; iran qubi bolbasu nigen

qono( bolumui 5v; (uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; ebln dumdadu sarayin

arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau ir(u(an sar-a bged ir(u(an qono( bolbasu nara emn-e

g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an 6r; isn qono(-tu oldayu 23r;

a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r; a(u qono(-du kk 60r; arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun

qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; qono(-un (urban il 2r; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i

il(au edgeki 3v; qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei 3v.

qono( tasura- extracalation; the cutting of a day from the calendar: 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v;

ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r.

qono(-un (urban il the three kinds of day, i.e., 1. the zodiac or sidereal day (Tib.

khyim-zhag), the time it takes the sun to progress on out of 360 degrees of the zodiac or the

movement of the sun across the celestial meridian; there are 360 such days in a year; this is

the longest type of day; 2. the doin, the solar or natural day (Tib. nyin-zhag), the period from

917
GLOSSARY

dawn to dawn; there are 365 such days per year; 3. the date or lunar day (tshes-zhag), the

period of time it takes the moon to travel one-thirtieth the distance between new moon

positions in each successive sign of the zodiac; there are 375 lunar days in a year; this is the

shortest type of day; see Berzin, 20-21; Schuh, 84; the three kinds of day derive from three

incommensurate cycles in nature: 1. the doin or solar day; 2. the lunation; 3. sidereal year; the

three kinds of day is found in Tibetan and Hindu systems as well; qono(-un (urban il 2r.

qoor qomsa harm, damage; trifle, very little, almost nothing: qoor qomsa bol- 34r; keregr

ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ed tavar qoor qomsa

bolqu 57r; ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu 57v.

qoor qoromi harm, loss, damage: qoor qoromi bolqu 41r; adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi

yeke boluyu 38r.

qoor ada demons of harm: qoor ada bolqu 56r.

qoor-a poison: qoor-a neyileglbes 41v; qoor neyileglki iles 46r; qooridur

[=qooradur] kgsen kmn[-] kbegn qula(au amu 24v; qooritu [=qooratu] iles 16r.

qoor-a neyileglbes if one mixes poison (41v).

qoqui [interj. expressing anguish]: kbegn trbes eneleki obalang-iyar qoqui kemen

obau yabumui 47v.

qorin twenty; the twentieth day of the month: qorin 40v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 53r; qorin nasun

61v; qorin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r,

43r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 56r.

918
GLOSSARY

qorin dolo(an the twenty-seventh day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 56r.

qorin drben twenty-four; the twenty-fourth day of the month: 8r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

55v, 56r; qorin drben a(ur a(; tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr qorin

drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r.

qorin drben a(ur a( [Ch. ershisi jieqi; Tib. dus-tshigs nyer-bzhi]; the twenty-four joints

and breaths; meteorological phases of the solar year. Of these the manual mentions X, Y. For

discussion and listing of these weather terms, see Palmer, 64-66; tngri (aar-un qorin drben

a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r.

qorin (urban the twenty third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r.

qorin isn twenty-nine; the twenty-ninth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12r, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 58v; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg

qono(gei bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg bolumui

3r.

919
GLOSSARY

qorin ir(u(an twenty-six; the twenty-sixth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr (uin

drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r.

qorin naiman twenty-eight; the twenty-eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v,

44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; qorin naiman

na(idar 21r, 24v, 60v, 61r; qorin naiman odun 32v; qorin naiman nasun 61v.

qorin naiman na(idar the twenty-eight nakshatra (21r, 24v, 60v, 61r).

qorin nigen the twenty-first day of the month: 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r.

qorin qoyar the twenty-second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 58v.

qorin tabun the twenty-fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 37r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47v,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r, 55v, 56r.

qoriy-a/qoriyan enclosure; corral: qoriyan bosqabasu 42v; qoriy-a baribasu 42v, 48r; tngri-

yin qoriyan-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

920
GLOSSARY

qoriy-a baribasu if one builds a corral (42v).

qoriyan bosqabasu if one erects a corral (42v).

qoro- to diminish, wane: qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r.

qoromi loss: qoor qoromi 41r; Naran 'al iroi ed[e]n-dr adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi

yeke boluyu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r.

qoroqai insect: ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r.

qoriyala- to mate: ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r.

qoi(u(n) snout: ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v; noqai qoi(un ma(u 49v;

(aqai qoi(utu 55r.

qoiyad two each: nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu tende

qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; tegni qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i

to(alaqu gey-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememi 3v.

qoiyala- to pair, mate: modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad

qoiyalamui 9r; eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r; ken i(asun qoiyalamui 11r; noqai

quraiu [=quriau] qoiyalamui 16r; egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r; ara(-a qoiyalan

dong(oddumui 14r.

qota(n) city, fortress, citadel, wall: qota asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r; in-e ger ba qota

asabasu 25r; ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r; qota deledbes 32r; qota bal(asun imebes

34v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr 37r; qota baribasu 41r, 42r, 42v; qota bal(asun bari-

41v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 45v, 61r; qota yender baribasu 42v; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i

quriyaqui 61v; doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v.

921
GLOSSARY

qota bal(asun baribasu if one builds a town or city (41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 61r).

qota bal(asun imebes if one decorates a city or town (34v)

qota baribasu if one builds a city (41r, 42r, 42v).

qota deledbes if one pounds a city wall (32r).

qota asabasu if one repairs a city, i.e., citadel, fortress or wall (22v, 23v, 24r, 29r).

qota yender baribasu if one builds a fortress or platform (42v).

qoya(ula both: bombo aq-a deg qoya(ula i(au ggmi 26r.

qoyar two: qoyar 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 26v, 37v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v,

46v, 46v, 55v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v; qoyar yaba(an

ker 4v; qoyar il 5r; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v; qoyar qubi 5v; qoyar deb 6r, 6r;

nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 2r; Qoyar sara 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r,

41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r,

60v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr 6v; qoyitu qoyar il 7r; qoyar in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; inein qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v; qoyar qara dusul 20v, 43r;

qoyar kmn 23r, 26r, 41r; aqa deg qoyar (kmn) 25v, 26r, 30r; qoyar ger 23r; qoyarba

drben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen kbegn 24v; qoyar aya(an 27r; qoyar

odun 32v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; qoyar odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v; qoyar

odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r; qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r; qoyar

922
GLOSSARY

odun-u dri inu tergen met bui 31v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v;

deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a neret qoyar odun bui 32v; Mahauvari tngri kiged

Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r; qoyar iroi uirabasu

45v; qoyar usu uarabasu 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu 45v; usu iroi

qoyar uarabasu 46r; (al kei qoyar uarabasu 46r; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar

uarabasu 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu 46r; qoyar sayiqan

kbegn trmi 52v; qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu 54v; qoyar ker ilt uru(

uqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ilt uru( cgen bayan sayin 54v; qoyar taulai ilt

kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v; qoyar mo(ai ilt

kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar morin ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar qonin

ilt uru( olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar bein ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar takiy-a

ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad keregri ma(u 54v; qoyar noqai ilt kbegn gen

keregri ma(u 54v; qoyar (aqai ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin bui 54v; tngri-yin Vim-a

neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medek kereg 3r; edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged

neiged mi-ber nemek 5v; qoyar-du aliba iles l iledk 24v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli(

nom medek bolumui 37v; terign gedesn qoyar-tu beri ab 55v; amidu ba kgsen qoyar-un

ile-dr sayin 29v; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v.

Qoyar sara the second month: 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

923
GLOSSARY

qoyar in-e the second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; inein

qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v.

qoyin-a after; later: qoyin-a 32r, 34r, 40r, 61r, 61r; egn-ee qoyin-a 6r, 6v; saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v; sgsen qoyin-a 30r; qoyin-a (arqu 31v; nara ur(u(san qoyin-a

42r; r geyigsen qoyin-a 42v; taulai qoyin-a 58v; qoni qoyin-a 58v; (aqai qoyin-a 58v; qoyin-

a-aa buu qara 54r.

qoyitu back; later; future; coming: arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r;

qoyitu drben mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben

edr 6v; uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi egdeki 6v; qoyitu arban tabun 6v; qoyitu on 7r, 17r;

qoyitu qoyar il 7r; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e 47v.

qubaqai dried; withered: tariyan modun taribasu qubaqai bolqu 47v.

qubad [pl. of qubasun] clothes: qubad kke-ber ime 23vqubad imeg-iyen a(an-

iyar imej 23v.

qubasun clothes: debel qubasun eskeki edr 55v.

qubi 1. share, portion; 2. unit of time a) = 48 minutes (S. muhrta); b) = 24 minutes (S.

nd); c) = 86.4 seconds; 3. the first month of the year: Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 38r,

39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v, 50v; qaburun terign Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(au 2v; edr sni-yin a( mi-yin

qubi 2v; (uin mi nigen qubi 5r; (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi

bolumui 5v; qubi to(alaqui 5v; iran mi nigen qubi 5v; qoyar qubi nigen tediken 5v; iran

924
GLOSSARY

qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; sni arban tabun

tediken qubi 5v; edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v; urtudqu ba. oqor

bol(aqu inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu

ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r; niiged niiged qubi

segder neme 6r; ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r; nigen a(tur

naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui 6r; arban

adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r; sni (uin drben qubi 8r,

18r; edr qorin naiman qubi 9r; sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r; edr sni qubi sau(u bolumui 10r;

edr (uin qoyar qubi 11r; sni qorin naiman qubi 11r; edr (uin drben qubi 12r; sni

qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi 13r; sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr (uin

drben qubi 14r; sni qorin ir(u(an 14r; edr (uin qoyar qubi 15r; sni qorin naiman qubi

15r; edr sni qubi sau(uu 16r; edr qorin naiman qubi 17r; sni (uin qoyar qubi 17r; edr

qorin drben qubi 19r; sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r; qamtudqui-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it

2r; nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu

5v; nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju 6r; dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u segder-gei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki

tegsbe 6r.

qubi [S. muhrta]; unit of time; there are three systems for reckoning time in the text, and

the measure of the qubi is different in all three; in the first system there are 30 qubi in one day;

thus, the qubi equals 48 minutes; this measure can be traced back to Vedic times in India

925
GLOSSARY

where there are 30 muhrta in a day; in the second time reckoning system, this qubi is referred

to as tediken or common; in the second time reckoning system there are 60 qubi in one

day; thus, the qubi equals 24 minutes; in the third system the qubi equals 86.4 seconds;

according to Indian astrology, the 30 muhrta system can be reckoned in three different ways:

first is by dividing day and night into 15 muhrta; this means the muhrta varies in length as

the lengths of day and night vary throughout the year (as measured by a gnomon); second has

30 muhrtas of equal length as measured by a water clock; third is a system of fixed shadow

lengths; the gnomon referred to in the manual, a pole with seven portions (dolo(an qubi-tu

modun), measures the common unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone, 1981: 181-183; edr

sni-yin a( mi-yin qubi 2v; (uin mi nigen qubi 5r; (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r qoyar

amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v; qubi to(alaqui 5v; iran mi nigen qubi 5v; qoyar qubi

nigen tediken 5v; iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; edr arban tabun tediken

qubi 5v; sni arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi

bolumui 5v; urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an 5v; dolo(an qubi-

du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r;

niiged niiged qubi segder neme 6r; ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui

6r; nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen

mi bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r; sni

(uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr qorin naiman qubi 9r; sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r; edr sni

qubi sau(u bolumui 10r; edr (uin qoyar qubi 11r; sni qorin naiman qubi 11r; edr (uin

drben qubi 12r; sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi 13r; sni qorin

926
GLOSSARY

drben qubi 13r; edr (uin drben qubi 14r; sni qorin ir(u(an 14r; edr (uin qoyar qubi

15r; sni qorin naiman qubi 15r; edr sni qubi sau(uu 16r; edr qorin naiman qubi 17r; sni

(uin qoyar qubi 17r; edr qorin drben qubi 19r; sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r; nigen qubi-

dur nigen dusul 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu 5v; nara bayiqu

dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju 6r; dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

segder-gei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r.

Qubi sara the first month of the year. While the rest of the Mongolian months, from the

second through the eleventh month are named according to their number, the Second month,

and so on, as is the Chinese, Central Asian and Babylonian custom as well, the name of the

first month, qubi sar-a, along with kgeler sar-a, the last month of the year, absent from

present-day Mongolian calendars, are from an series of specifically Mongolian terms. L.

Bazin gives etymologies of these two terms (followed in Melville, 84 note 11, 95) derived

from Buddhist Iranian and Sogdian, respectively; G. Kara, while pointing out the phonetic

difficulties of this etymology, shows that the existence of this earlier Mongolian system, cited

by Mostaert in full from the 9th series of the Lung wei bi shu, found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap.

IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (cf. Textes oraux ordos p. 131-132, note 2)

makes these etymologies impossible. Cf. Kara (1984) 194, note 23; Kara, 1973; and the term

sara in Karas study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu. While the independent designation of the 1st and

12th months is in Uigur also (see Kara, Weitere . . . ., p. 194), the early Mongolian as cited

by Mostaert is similar to the ancient Turkish system in that the new year begins with the

927
GLOSSARY

coming of spring, the vernal equinox. This marks a divergence from the Chinese system the

Mongols eventually adopted, the system given in the manuscript and modern Buddhist

systems, in which the new year begins prior to the vernal equinox, around the time the sun

enters Aquarius. See also Ligeti, 45 and Cerensodnom and Taube, 147. Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r,

37r, 37r, 37v, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r,

47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; qaburun terign Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(au 2v.

qubil(an transformation; metamorphosis; a Buddha incarnate living god: amitan-u itegel

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 26; yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara

bolai 8r; baling do(in inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v.

qubira- to fade, wilt: kiten segder unau ebesn qubaraqui a(16r.

qubiya- to divide: urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an 5v; nigen

edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu. egni arban qoyar a(tur qubiyau amui 6r.

qua ram: aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu 35r.

quda/qudda the heads of two families related through marriage of their children: quda

anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; quda anda bolulibasu 29r, 32r; qudda anda

bolulibasu 28r, 28r, 31r;quda anda eribes 31r.

quda anda bolbasu if one becomes related through marriage or oath (15r, 22v, 25v, 26v,

30v).

quda anda bolulibasu if one becomes related to another through marriage or oath (28r,

28r, 31r, 29r, 32r).

quda anda eribes if one seeks relations through marriage or oath (31r).

928
GLOSSARY

qudal falsehood, lie: qudal l glek 61r.

qudali liar: kbegn trbes qudali umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v.

qudaldu- to trade, do business, sell: qudaldubasu 10r, 17r, 26v, 28r, 31v; arudasun

qudaldubasu 24v, 30r; morin qudaldubasu 25r, 31r, 31r, 31v; qong(or qalan morin

qudaldubasu 25r; bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal

qudaldubasu 29v; altan mngg qudaldubasu 26r; qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r; ed mal

ibqarabasu doron-a g-n kmn qula(uyu belbesn em-e-dr qudalduu amu 25v;

tariyalang-un (aar qudalduqui 45v; adu(usun qudalduqui 61v.

qudaldu business, trade, commerce: qudaldu ki- 9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 29v, 34r, 34r,

36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 37r, 45v, 61v; qudaldu arila kibes 35v; qudaldu odbasu 15r; qola (aar-a

qudaldu odbasu 36r.

qudaldu arila kibes if one does business (35v).

qudaldu keyibes if one does business (9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 29v, 34r, 34r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 37r).

qudaldu odbasu if one goes to do business (15r).

qudaldubasu if one does business (10r, 17r, 26v, 28r, 31v).

qudaldulibasu if one trades with another (31r).

quddu( well: quddu( nke butegen bulabasu 36r; quddu( nke bulabasu 37r; Taulai edr

quddug l maltaqu 57r; quddu(-tur orobasu 37r.

quddu( nke bulabasu if one digs a well (37r).

quddu( nke butegen bulabasu if one succeeds in digging the hole for a well (36r).

929
GLOSSARY

quddu(-tur orobasu if one enters a well (37r).

qu(us equinox: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i

igerle.59r.

qula fawn-colored, tawny, bay, having a black stripe along the spine; with black tail and

mane, i.e., a horse: qula 52v.

qula(ai theft, robbery, banditry: degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r; buliyan qula(ai getebes

36v; qula(ai kibes yal-a-dur oroqu 41r; degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui 46r; qula(ai

oromui 47v; a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r; qula(ai-du uaraqu 50r; qula(ai-tu abtaqu 56r;

tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r; degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v; qola (aar-a

mr (arbasu buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uiraqu 47v; buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] iles 46r.

qula(ai kibes if one commits robbery (41r).

qula(ayii(n) thief; robber: qula(ayii 28r, 31v; degerem qula(ayii ba keregr bara(ur-

tur ol(oqu 4v; (rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar bui 27r; qula(ayii kmn-i

eriglbes 36r; noqai kegbes ger-dr qula(ayii oroqu 57v; tere qula(ayii-dur nigen em-e

kmn orolduu amu 23r; buliyan qula(ayiin-i getebes 34r; ed mal ibqarabasu qula(ayii-

yin ai inu i(au ggmi 31v; erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin

unuu 39v.

qula(ayii kmn-i eriglbes if one looks for a thief (36r).

qula(u- to steal: qula(uu 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 27r; ed ibqarabasu er-e (a(a

kmn- kbegn qula(uu amu 23v; qula(uyu 23r, 24r, 24v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 27v, 28v, 28v,

29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r; ed mal ibqarabasu isn kmn qul[a](uyu 22v.

930
GLOSSARY

qulan wild ass: morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r; qulan una(an-

iyan teliyemi 14r.

qulu(an-a mouse: Qulu(an-a sara 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; bing

qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a sara 7v; a

qulu(an-a sara 7v; Tbedn-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Qulu(an-a il 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 58v/Qulu(ana il 55v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

Qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; qulu(an-a ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v,

54v, 54v; qulu(an-a ilten 54r, 54v; Qulu(an-a a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v;

Qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; bing qulu(an-a a(

7v; uu qulu(an-a a( 7v; king qulu(an-a a( 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; a qulu(an-a a( 7v;

Qulu(an-a (edr) 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v;

Qulu(an-a (aar-a 17r; qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r; qoyar

odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v; (aar kdelbes nara sara kbes ma(ad qula(an-a

ma(u bui 32r; nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi Abiji buyu 34r; in-e debel

[. . .] emsbes qulu(an-a qaayu 34r; dolo(an-a qulu(an-a qa[a]qu 56r; qulu(an-a qaabasu

57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r; qulu(an-a debil x 58r; Qulu(an-a-aa teriglen ali il bges

qoyitu qoyar il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r.

931
GLOSSARY

Qulu(an-a a( Mouse hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v; Qulu(an-a a(-un uridu

drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; bing qulu(an-a a( 7v; uu qulu(an-a a( 7v;

king qulu(an-a a( 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; a qulu(an-a a( 7v.

Qulu(an-a (edr) Mouse day: 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v.

Qulu(an-a (aar-a Mouse place (17r).

Qulu(an-a il Mouse year: 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

58v/Qulu(ana il 55v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; qulu(an-a ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; qulu(an-a ilten 54r, 54v.

qulu(an-a qaabasu if a mouse bites (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r).

Qulu(an-a sara Mouse month: 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; bing

qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a sara 7v; a

qulu(an-a sara 7v; Tbedn-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r.

qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v

quma( fine sand: nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma( 60r; nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur

ula(an quma( 60r; ara ula(an quma(-du edd 60r.

932
GLOSSARY

qumq-a [S. kumbha]; vase, pitcher; vessel; (cf. ODT, 18); o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui

20r.

Qumqan-u ger The house of the pitcher; the first sign of the zodiac = Aquarius; nara

Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r.

qur-a rain: 17r, 26r; sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad 1v; qur-a (ese) orobasu 11r, 12r,

13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v; sken qur-a 11r, 14r; qur-a elbeg 61r.

qur-a (ese) orobasu if rain does (not) fall (11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v).

qura(ala- to lamb: qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r.

quria/qurai/quraa- to love passionately; to rut (of animals): noqai quraiu

[=quriau] 16r; arsalan quraimui 14r; takiy-a qoriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v; ker quriaqui sar-a 11r; qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r.

quriaqui passionate desire; the 8th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination

(itn barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the cock of the twelve animals: takiy-a

qoriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

qurim feast, celebration: qurim-dur keig tasurla(i 28r, 33r, 33v; buyan qurim iledbes

31v; qurim keyi- 42r, 46r; ibad-un qurim kibes 44r; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; qurim uira-

58r; idegen qurim 50r.

qurim qurimlabasu if one celebrates a feast (47v).

933
GLOSSARY

qurimla- to celebrate, feast; to get married: qurimlabasu 22v, 23v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v; kbegn qurimlabasu 24v; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; l

qurimlaqu 58r.

quriya- to collect, gather; take; confiscate; surround: adu(usun quriyabasu 26v; tngri

(aar-un qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v.

quriya(i [Ch. shou to collect (Mathews 5837)]; the one that collects; 10th of the twelve

lords of the day]: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; iu

quryiya(i edr 36v.

quryiyang(ui collection: sang quryiyang(ui 49r.

qutu( [S. pada; Tib. go phang]; sanctity, holy rank; dignity, distinction; happiness, bliss;

benediction; rank or dignity of a saintly person (Lessing, 1190): qutu( oroi(ul- 8r, 24r, 29v,

31r, 34v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r; qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui 61v; lei qutu( oroi(san edrn

belge 20r; li qutu( oroi(ulbasu 21v, 29r; li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v;

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; dandris-tur nomlar-

un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu 37v; qutu( oroi(ulqu iles yertin-yin iles-dr adali busu

bolai 38r; itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu 43v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an

lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; qutu( (uyuqui iles 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li

qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen bty 45v; li

qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r; luu-yin qutu( mr (arbasu sayin 49r; li qutu[(] 50r; li qutu(

934
GLOSSARY

oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v; ni qutu(-aa beig irek 57r; tu(ulu(san burqan-u

qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( bui 11r; qutu(tu Manjuari 2v; li qutu(tu edr 34v.

qutu( oroi(ulbasu if one gives a blessing (8r, 24r, 29v, 31r, 34v, 37v, 38r).

qutu(tu saintly, holy: qutu(tu Manjuari 2v.

quvara( [S. sangha; Tib. dge dun]; clergy: sm-e baribasu bursang quvara( l to(taqu

47v; quvara(-i takibasu 26v; bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v; toyin quvara(-un-yi

[=quvara(-ud-i] kndeleki 61r.

quvara(-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the clergy (26v).

quya( armor; cuirass: debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r; quya( ems'ki

na(idar 30r; tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu 23v.

rabnas [Tib. rab gnas; S. pratishth]; benediction, consecration of an image, temple, etc.;

(cf. Jschke, 621; Lessing, 651); rabnas oroi(ul- 21v, 24r, 46v, 61v; rabnas keyiki sayin

edr 37v.

Radn-a dagini [S. ratna jewel; S. d}~kin]; Ratna d}~kin; on of the five d}~ kin (tabun

dagini [49v]).

ra(as/ra(is/ra(is [S. rksasa; Tib. srin po]; ogres; demons associated with the Yeaks,

a Dravidian people from the south of India (Hackin 1963: 214-215). Cf. also ODT 14,

passim; MW 871.; ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v; Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes

ra(is-un qo(olai met na(idar 27v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar 28v.

Raqula [S. Rhula]; Rhula is another term for Rhu, the moon's ascending node, a

mythological planet, the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was

935
GLOSSARY

believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them; for a

detailed description of attributes, etc., cf. ODT, 259-263; Waddell, 377; Smber a(ula-yin

orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v.

raiyan/raiyal [S. rasyana; Uy. rasayan]; holy water; cf. RRS, 152; raiyan edr-n belge

erdini bui 20r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; qoyar usu

uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v; raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v.

riddi qubil(an [S. nirmna rddhi; Tib. rdzu phrul]; magical transformation; miracle,

magic, sorcery (Lessing, 1181; RRS, 626); yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara bolai

8r.

Rivadi/Rivadi [S. Revat]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rivadi 9v, 10v, 12v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 59r, 59v/Rivadi 8v, 11v, 21v; Rivadi na(idar 31v; nigen biteg

tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i Rivad'i buyu 33v; iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i](al-dur

timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Rivadi
ede sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu

kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani

eden usun bui 61r; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Rivadi [. . .] sayin 56r; drben

tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; Margaar Asli( Jayitar

Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

936
GLOSSARY

Rkini/Rokini [S. Rohin}]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rkini 10v, 11v,

16v/Rkini 8v, 9v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59r;

Rkini na(idar 25r; nigen ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v; bayan kmn-i

gegriglgi Rkini buyu 33v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

Rkini [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 37v; na(idar-un sayin inu [. . .] Rkini [. . .] odun edr

qutu( oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] iroi odun Rkini

qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Rkini qoyar 45r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar

iroy-yin inar bui 45v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes Rkini [. . .] odun sayin 51r;

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes Rkini [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn

sayin [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 55v; Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui

60v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni

Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r Rkini-tur busud-i

ilaqui 37v.

sa Tib. sa: (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge

inu qara sa sg bui 20r.

saban sara [Ch. runyue; Tib. zla-bshol]; the intercalary month: saban sara 4r; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medek kereg 3r; (urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a

937
GLOSSARY

bolumui 3r; Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal inu

tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a il-

dr qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar. Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar. Morin il-dr

namurun dumdadu sara qoyar. Takiy-a il-dr ebln dumdadu sara qoyar 4r saban sara-dur

odun na(idar eki 4r; qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide

to(alabasu sayin ma(u ai r-e inu l bty 4r; (urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu

olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r; tegber iran da(un nigen me. (uin mi nigen qubi (uin qubi

nigen qono(. (uin qono( nigen sar-a. arban qoyar sar-a nigen il. tegn-ee qolidqau

ligsen-i saban sara bolumui 5r; qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; merged

saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v; basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an

ken sar-a bol(au to(alabasu basa ir(u(an edr lemi. (urban on-dur (uin ir(u(an

edr bolumui. (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu lemui 6v;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; saban sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a kemebes 6v; nggeregsen din

dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroi(ulqu bui 6v; din dolo(an on-du saban-gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi

egdeki 6v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-gei bges tere saban sara bolumui

7r; ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui 7r.

sau- to scatter; sprinkle: r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r; tariyan saubasu

22r, 30v; usun sau(ad 21v; miq-a-yi mungnau sau(ad 22r; boskil sauu 24r; krngge

saaqu [=sauqu] 48r; suuli [=sauli] sauqu 60v; r-e sauqui 45v.

938
GLOSSARY

sau(u/sau(uu equal; equally: nigen dusul bolumui. tere kemebes tngri-nern nigen

amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu bolumui 5v; edr sni sau(u bol- 5v, 10r, 16r; qoyar deb-dr edr

sni sau(uu bolu(san 6r; kbegn trbes Jaarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu boluyu 26v;

yabudal inu nara sara-lu(-a saa(u yabumui 55r; eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin tula. nigen da(un (arumui 5r.

sauli aspersion or libation of milk or tea for the deities; grain and food scattered as

offerings to deities (Lessing, 655); ceremony for the consecration of the herds; for these rites,

see RRS, 585-591; suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr 60v; sauli

er<e>gbes 60v.

sauli er<e>gbes if one offers an aspersion (60v).

Sadabis [S. atabhisaj]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Sadabis 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Sadabis na(idar 31r; qota

bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba

noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Sadabis sayin 37r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Sadabis qoyar 45r; Sadabis

Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 48v; Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis

ke[i]g-n odun bui. ed mal l (ar(amui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Sadabis

939
GLOSSARY

Burvabadaribad qoyar bui 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l

tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

sada(-a a doll used in medical rituals, through which illness is expelled: sada(-a buu g

34v.

sadhu [S. shdu] "holy person, saint; virtuous; good; sage; a monk or ascetic," (Grimes,

263). Knappert in Indian Mythology defines sdhu as "a saint, a person who has succeeded

in suppressing his desires, so that he has acquired true insight into the essence of reality,

which is that all people and all creatures are one," p. 213. See G. Kara, 1979, p. 199, where

the term shdu is given in an astrological text in the Uigur form satu: sadhu kemeged arli(

bolurun 32v.

sadun friend; relative: r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; nidn-dr r-e sadun delgereged lemi

ir(alang-du bolumui 52v; r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r.

saki(i [Ch. zhi/chih, to protect, (Mathews 996)]; the one that protects; 6th of the twelve

lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i

ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; kbegn-i

saki(i 30v; gi saki(i edr 36r.

saki(ulsun [S. pla; Tib. srung ma]; protection; protector, genius protector, a class of

deities: amin(-u) saki(ulsun 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; amin saki(ulsun

doron-a emn-e 8r; amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r; amin saki(ulsun iled- 34r, 46r; amin

saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v; amin-u saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v; amin(-u) oli(

saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; saki(ulsun iledbes 23r, 26v, 28r, 29r; ebedin-

940
GLOSSARY

kmn saki(ulsun iledbes 28v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu 31r; ber-n

saki(ulsun-iyan keiye 43r.

saki(ulsun iledbes if one performs rites for protection (23r, 26v, 28r, 29r).

salbar a bird of prey, falcon: a(ur-a salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r; a(ur-a salbarun

ula(an degde nismi 12r

sal(a- to separate: kbegn ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu 34r; adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v;

mal-i ber-e sal(abasu 36v; adu(usun sal(an srglebes 36r.

salkin wind: qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r; yeke salkin bolqu 14r, 15r;

salkin-u a( ekilemi 8r.

salm-a lasso; lariat: albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar 27v.

sam-a [S. ?]; ?planet: na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

sandali seat; chair: bein edr in-e iregen sandali deger-e l sa(uqu 58r; sandali met

59v.

sang 1. ?; 2. [Ch. tsang (Mathews 6707)]; a treasury; granary: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang

neret sudur 2v; k sang negebes 22v, 36r, 37r; k sang-un ger baribasu 25v; k sang-un

ger bosqabasu 30r; k sang bari(i odun 59r; sang negebes 36r; sang l negek 35v; sang

negegek 48r; sang quriyang(ui mr (arbasu ma(u 49r; degreng sang mr (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin sang 49v; tngri-yin sang-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r; dolo(an orong(-a-du

tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; sang-un ger

bosqabasu 36v.

sang negebes if one opens a storehouse (36r).

941
GLOSSARY

sang quriyang(ui treasure collection; perhaps this refers to the Chinese constellation

gulou/ku-lou (Mathews 3496, 4143), the treasury, comprising ten stars in the lower center

of Virgo (Schlegel, 1967: 136): sangquriyang(ui mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

sangvar vow, pledge, duty of a monk: baa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r.

sar-a/sara(n) 1. moon; 2. month; 3. Monday: sara/sar-a 6v, 8r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r;

ineleki sara 2r; qaburun terign sar-a 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; Mig sara 2r; Baras sar-a/sara 2v, 8r, 8r,

58v; Qubi sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r; Bus sar-a 3r; Sua( sar-a 3r; saban sar-a 3r, 3r, 3v, 4r, 5r,

5v, 6v, 6v, 7r; arban qoyar sara 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r; un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r,

11r, 12r, 13r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 14r, 15r; ebln dumdadu sara 4r; sara degrki

bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r; b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek 4r; il sara mi-yin

a(ur okiramui 4r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v; edr sni sar-a il bol(au

5r; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; arban qoyar sar-

a nigen il 5r; [arban] qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; ir(u(an sar-a 5v;

nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad 5v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an

ken sar-a bol(au 6v; aliba sara saban bges tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v; bing baras sara 7v; uu baras sara 7v; king baras sara 7v; im baras

sara 7v; a baras sara 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; in taulai sara 7v; ki taulai

942
GLOSSARY

sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara 7v; im luu sara 7v; a luu sara 7v; bing

luu sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; in mo(ai sara 7v; ki mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding

mo(ai sara 7v; king morin sara 7v; im morin sara 7v; a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v;

uu morin sara 7v; in qonin sara 7v; ki qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v;

gii qonin sara 7v; im bein sara 7v; a bein sara 7v; bing bein sara 7v; uu bein sara 7v;

king bein sara 7v; ki takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a sara

7v; in takiy-a sara 7v; a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara

7v; im noqai sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v;

ki (aqai sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; im

qulu(an-a sara 7v; a qulu(an-a sara 7v; ding ker sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; in ker sara 7v;

ki ker sara 7v; ii ker sara 7v; ebln es Mig sara 8r; yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen

buyan-tu sara bolai 8r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun es sara 9r; taulai sara

9r, 9r; qoyar sara 9r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; jun-u terign sara 10r; qaburun es

sara 10r; luu sara 10r, 10r; (urban sara 10r; qaburun es ua( sara 11r; un-u terign sar-a

11r; mo(ai sar-a 11r, 11r; drben sar-a 11r; ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r; un-u terign ista

sar-a 12r; un-u es sara 12r, 13r; tabun sara 12r; morin sara 12r, 12r; namurun terign sara

13r, 14r; qonin sara 13r, 13r; ir(u(an sara 13r, 37v; un-u es Abiji sara 14r; bein sar-a

14r, 14r; dolo(an sar-a 14r, 56v [here not name but duration?]; namurun terign

Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun es sar-a 15r, 16r; takiy-a sara 15r, 15r; naiman sara 15r,

37r; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; ebln terign sara 16r, 17r;

noqai sara 16r, 16r; isn sara 16r; namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r; ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r,

943
GLOSSARY

18r; (aqai sar-a 17r; ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; ebln es sar-a 18r, 19r; qulu(an-a

sar-a/sara 18r, 18r; arban nigen sar-a 18r; ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ker sar-a/sara 19r,

19r, 58v; kgeler-n sar-a 19r; kgeler sara 38v; gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i

qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; nara sara 32v; nara sara

kirtbes 25v; nara sara kbes 27r, 32r; nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v; il kiged sar-a

edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; geyireglgi sara namurun es geyireglgi

sar-a bui 41r; ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara

bui 41r; ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r; namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui

41r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au

biisgei 48r; yeke sara bges 51v; sara yeke bges 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; ba(-a sara bges

51v; sara ba(-a bges 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen

ek kereg bolai 54v; on sara edr a( me 55r; 1 sara 59v; arban nigen sara-aa tabun sara

krtel-e sayin 37v; sarada 11r, 15r, 38v, 40r; ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r;

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r; naiman sarada<n> edr sni

teng kem-iyer 6r; qoyar sarada 9r; (urban sarada 10r; drben sarada erdem sur(abasu 11r;

ir(u(an sarada erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles kiged abiig abubasu 13r; dolo(an sarada

sayitar oroi(ulbasu 14r; naiman sarada i(ul(an i(ulbasu 15r; isn sarada gken tusa

btegebes 16r; arban sarada a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; arban nigen sarada ed mal

(ada(i gbes 18r; kgeler sarada usun-u iles iledbes 19r; qaburun (urban sarada 42r,

42r; un-u (urban sarada 42r; namurun (urban sarada 42r, 42r; ebln (urban sarada 42r, 42r;

ede sarada 37v; ede sarada okin-u bey-e- d ma(u 51r; ede sarada tegi sayin bui 51r; ede

944
GLOSSARY

sarada i(ui-du ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada eige eke-de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eige

eke-de ma(u 51r; ede sarada er-e-d ma(u bui 51r; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign 55r;

un-u (urban sarada<n> terign 55r; namurun (urban sarada terign 55r; ebln (urban

sarada terign 55r; Sua( sar-a arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk 3r;

qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r; Luu

sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gei-yin tula 3v; Morin sara-

dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tulada 3v; Bein sara-dur (uin

qono( bui 3v; Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono(

bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur (uingei-yin tulada 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; ker

sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v; saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki bui 4r; arim sar-

a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur

tasuramui 4r; qoyar sara-dur 6r; taban sara-dur kgerge talbibasu 12r; arban qoyar sara-dur
nigen il 33r; na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r; saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san 8r; sara(n)-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi 18r, 19r; saran-

lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r; sara-lu(-a edr

qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar

gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39r; nara sara-lu(-a saa(u yabumui

55r; sar-a-yi 4r, 10r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun

ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v; qaburun terign Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(au 2v; Baras Morin

Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki 2v; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign

bol(au 3r; ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

945
GLOSSARY

4r, 4r; saban sar-a-yi l meden 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui

medek kereg 4v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au 6v; saban

sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a kemebes 6v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui 51r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola 52v; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru( 52v; qaburun terign sarayin

arbun tabun-a 2r; qaburun terign sarayin . . . 2r; arban qoyar sarayin 60r; arban qoyar sarayin

to(-a 2v; arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn ene bui 7v; arban qoyar sarayin isn in-e

41v [see kgeler sara] arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; arban

qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr 47r; arban qoyar sarayin

Modun gokimoi 48r; Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; sar-a-u urida nggeriged 3v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg buyu 4v; ebln dumdadu

sarayin 5v; merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v; saban sarayin qoyin-a 6v; aliba

sarayin 37v, 56v, 58v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur gei bges tere saban sara 6v;

aliba sarayin l sedk edr 47v; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn

49v; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek

krdn bui 49v; nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun 7r; qubi sarayin nigen

inide 7r; qubi sarayin 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r,

47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; sarayin in-e 37r, 37v, 37v; drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r; drben

dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a i(ulumui 38r; drben es sarayin (urban tabun-a

i(ulumui 38r; qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a 38v; qoyar sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; (urban

946
GLOSSARY

sarayin qorin qoyar-a 38v; (urban sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; drben sarayin naiman inede 38v;

drben sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a 38v; tabun sarayin

39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; ir(u(an sarayin naiman inede 38v; ir(u(an sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; dolo(an sarayin

qorin tabun-a 38v; dolo(an sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r,

47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e 38v;

naiman sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e 38v; isn sarayin 39r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e 38v; arban sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e 38v; arban nigen sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; kgeler sarayin qorin dolon-a 39r; kgeler sarayin 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; baras morin noqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v,

53v; taulai qonin (aqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v; luu bein qulu(an-a sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v;

qulu(an-a luu bein sarayin 53v; takiy-a ker mo(ai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v; ker mo(ai takiy-

a sarayin 53v; sarayin qo(osun 40r; drben terign sarayin 48v; drben terign sarayin

947
GLOSSARY

terign-i qara 41r; drben terign sarayin mo(ai edr 48r; drben terign sarayin mr (arqu

krdn ene bui 49r; drben dumdadu sarayin 48v; drben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r;

drben dumdadu sarayin takiy-a edr 48r; drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui

49r; drben es sarayin 48v; drben es sarayin segl-i qara bui 41r; drben es sarayin

ker edr 48r; drben es sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r; iroi odun ekilegsen

sarayin 43r; Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; 'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; Modun odun

ekilegsen sarayin 43r; nigen sarayin 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v; nigen sarayin mo(ai 48v [see qubi

sara]; 1 sarayin 50r; 2 sarayin 50r; 3 sarayin 50r; 4 sarayin 50r; 5 sarayin 50r; 6 sarayin 50r;

7 sarayin 50r; 8 sarayin 50r; 9 sarayin 50r; 10 sarayin 50r; 11 sarayin 50r; 12 sarayin 50r; qara

sarayin asal 50v; tere sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui 50v; (abiy-a-tu sarayin inede 52r;

yeke sarayin inein (urban 53r; ken sarayin inein qoyar 53r; baras bein sarayin 53v;

taulai takiy-a sarayin 53v; luu noqai sarayin 53v; mo(ai (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin

sarayin 53v; ker qonin sarayin 53v; baras sarayin 53v; taulai sarayin 53v; luu sarayin 53v;

mo(ai sarayin 53v; morin sarayin 53v; qonin sarayin 53v; bein sarayin 53v; takiy-a sarayin

53v; noqai sarayin 53v; (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a sarayin 53v; ker sarayin 53v; namurun

dumdadu sarayin 56v; qaburun es sarayin 56v.

Sara(n) odun moon star, Sunday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v.

948
GLOSSARY

sarayin (al fire of the moon; given in Cornu as "Fiery lunar days," these are days in which

no activity is to be undertaken (1997: 212); sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r.

sarayin qo(osun the empty days of the month (40r).

saras [pl. of sara]; months: qara saras-dur sm-e keyid bosqabasu 41r; saras-un yeke

ken 7r; qara sara-un 41r.

sasa a minature stupa; cf. Mostaert, DO, 565a; sasa deledbes 42r.

sasa deledbes if one molds a miniature stupa [out of clay] (42r).

sayid magnate, minister, dignitary: sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i odun 33r, 33v.

sayin [adj. and n.]; good: 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r, 21v, 22r, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v,

31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 31r, 32r, 33r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v,

35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r,

38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r,

46r, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v,

49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v,

949
GLOSSARY

52r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v,

55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v,

56v, 56v, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 59r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v,

61v, 61v; sayin boro(an 61r, 61r sayin buyan 1v; sayin ma(u ai r-e inu 4r; sayin ma(u-yi

belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r; sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn 21r, 49v; sayin ma(u-yi glsgei.34r;

uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral 45r; gara(-ud

kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-yi 45v; iles-n sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r; odun il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au 46r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral

46v; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v; il sar-a

qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au 48r; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba

sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 49v; arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu

g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek

krdn 50v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu jg-n sayin ma(u-yi jek krdn 50v; odud-

un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r; sayin burqan 29v.

sayin ma(u the good and the bad, i.e., results of a given action: sayin ma(u ai r-e inu

4r; sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r; sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn 21r, 49v; sayin ma(u-

yi glsgei.34r; uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uiral 45r; gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-yi 45v; iles-n sayin ma(u-yi

950
GLOSSARY

ila(ayu 46r; odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au 46r; il odun qoyar-un

sayin ma(u-yin uaral 46v; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i

ek 46v; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au 48r; Nagajun-a ba(i-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 49v; arban

qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un

sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 50v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu jg-n sayin ma(u-yi

jek krdn 50v; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r.

sebeg wicker basket: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r.

seig flower: qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r; seig taribasu 36v; dabqur

seig met 59v.

seig taribasu if one plants a flower (36v).

seii flower: lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r.

sein wise, intelligent: mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v; kmn-

e erggdek sein bolu(ad 29r.

sedkil thought, idea, feeling, intellect, mind, conscience: ssg sedkil egske 4v;

quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r; qaram sedkil 27v; sedkil inu batu 29r; riyek sedkelgeg

boluyu 29v; do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar 29v; sedkil inu ma(u 32r; sedkil btk 46v;

sedkil obaqu 50r, 56r, 56v; sedkil l amuqu 58r; sedkil-dr okis-tu bolumui 56v; gken

sedkil-d boluyu; (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar 1v.

sedkil-dr okis-tu bol- to be in conformity with our ideas (56v); see RRS, 98.

951
GLOSSARY

sed- to plan, devise, think out: aliba iles sedbes ma(u bui 46v; iles sedbes 61r;

l sedk 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; l sedk edr 47v.

seger nape of the neck: a(an seger<i>t qara noqai 22r.

segder shadow: nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an

qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu

ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; tegn-ee niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi

segder (arumui 6r; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-

du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged

qubi segder neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r; (aar-dur

serign segder una(ad 14r; kiten segder unau 16r; (urban in-e arban nigen arban isn

qorin dolo(an tngri-yin segder sayin 49v; niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged

niiged qubi segder neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r.

segl tail: drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r; kl-n segl tasulbasu 32r; kl-n

segl l tasuriyu 34r; kl-n segl l tasuraqu ma(u 41r; drben es sarayin segl-i qara

bui 41r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; segl inu rn-e 55r; segl inu umar-a 55r; segl inu

doron-a 55r; segl inu emn-e 55r; segl-dr kbegn olan bolqu 52v; segl-tr okin olan

52v; segl-tr yasun buu (ar(-a 55r; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u (to(ola) 52v; mo(ai

seglt 55r.

sereki consciousness: the 7th phase of the twelve links of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the monkey of the twelve animals: bein sereki

952
GLOSSARY

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

serign cool: (aar-dur serign segder una(ad 14r.

soddu quill feather: qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu 60r.

so( ariyan porcupine: so( ariyan-u rgesn 60r.

solbi(san iruqai cross: kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui

20r; solbi(san qara iruqai 20v, 44v; tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v.

sorbi scar, cicatrice, mark (of a wound, smallpox, etc.): ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v.

soyo(-a tusk: bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

sn [Ch. sun (Mathews 5550)]; one of the eight trigrams: sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an

irbegel bari(san bui 54v.

sn-e ?: amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r; yeke amatu sn-e-dr morin buu dobtul

33v.

sni night: sni 38v; nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r; edr sni

sau(uu bolumui 5v; sni arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged

neiged mi-ber nemek ba 5v; ba(uraqu-bar edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v; edr

ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v; qoyar deb-dr edrsni sau(uu bolu(san 6r;

qoyar deb-dr edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; n un bolbasu qoyar sara-dur edr sni

teng iu un bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r;

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edr sni qubi sau(u bol- 10r, 16r; edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin

953
GLOSSARY

naiman qubi 11r, 15r; edr (uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r; edr (uin

ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr qorin drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi

19r; ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r; sni dli 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r,

40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v; tong sni 42v; nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 6r;

(aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; nara ingge arban alqum

nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge [. . .] ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; edr

sni-yin a( mi-yin qubi 2v; edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v;

sni-yin dli 38v.

suba( ditch, trench, canal: suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r; usun suba( tatabasu 36r; suba(

asabasu 42r.

suba( asabasu if one repairs a canal (42r).

suba( tatabasu if one digs a canal (22r, 25v, 37r).

subur(-a/subur(an [S. citya; Tib. mchod-rten]; stupa; a burial mound or the image of

a burial mound which symbolically preserves the bodily charisma of Buddha Skyamuni; see

RRS, 101-103; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; subur(-a

bosqabasu 23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i

oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; subur(-a baribasu 42v; doro(i qandu(sun

subur(-a 45r; subur(an met 59v.

subur(-a baribasu if one builds a stupa (42v).

subur(-a bosqabasu if one erects a stupa (23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r).

954
GLOSSARY

sudur [S. stra]; sutra; book: burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a a(-un

krdn 2r; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; sudur-nu(ud beibes 21v; sudur-tur 4r;

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neret sudur-dur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged a(-un

krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r; arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur nomlauqui

2r; olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r.

sui [Ch. shui]; water; [see yuu sui]; ene on uu sui 7r.

sumun arrow: tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v; mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r.

sun-a ?; [compare sn-e??]: yeke sun-a odun 59r.

sura( news, information: teyim nigen kmn sura( glemi 22v

sur(a- to teach; train: erdem sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r; morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r,

31r, 34v; biig to(-a sur(abasu 22v; una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r; uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; biig

to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; ker sur(abasu 28v; a(al

morin sur(abasu 29r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin 56v.

suu ali spirit protector; genius: suali-yu(an takiu 21v; suu ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 25v, 28v.

suu ali-yu(an takibasu if one makes an offering to ones own spirit protector (25v, 28v).

Suvadi/Suvadi [S. Svti]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Suvadi 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 53r, 59r, 59v/Suvadi 12v, 21r; Suvadi na(idar

kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar bui 28v; nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i

955
GLOSSARY

Suvadi buyu 33v; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Suvadi ma(u 37v;

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu. [. . .] iroi odun Suvadi qoyar 45r; Aivani

BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar

bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden (al bui 61r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] odun sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Suvadai

[. . .] sayin 55v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai ua( Anurad Udarisad Abaji irvan Tanis

Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [.

. .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu.

[. . .] Suvadai [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu

kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san

naiman na(idar bui. [. . .] emne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan

Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

sing ?; a celestial palace: sing kemek edr mr (arbasu dumda 49v.

ske ax: Mig na(idar kemebes ske-dr adali bui.

Smber a(ul-a [S. Sumeru]; Mt. Sumeru; the mythological mountain in the center of the

world in Buddhist cosmology; Smber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar

to(ori(i odun 32v, 32v.

sm-e temple, monastery, shrine: sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu

sayin edr 37r; sm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu

25r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba

956
GLOSSARY

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; sm-e baribasu 31v,

47v; sm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

sm-e baribasu if one builds a temple (31v, 47v).

sm-e keyid monastery: sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr

37r; sm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; sm-e

keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a

burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; sm-e baribasu 31v, 47v;

sm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu if one erects a monastery or stupa (25r).

sm-e keyid baribasu if one builds a monastery (21v).

sm-e keyid bosqabasu if one erects a monastery (24r, 41v, 44v).

sm-e subur(-a baribasu if one builds a temple or stupa (42v).

snes(n) the animating principle; spirit; soul: ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v;

ariyatan-u snesn na(idar 27v; emegen- snesn na(idar 31v; kger-n snesn

tlebes 35v; (aar-un snes 58v, 58v.

sng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565); an asterism comprising one star; it represents the

state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as 0

Serpens (Schlegel, 1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (Staal, 1984: 135); (cf. also TU,

899): sng kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

sr majesty; majestic; might; mighty: isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr

kemek na(idar bui 25r; ada(usun(-u) sr dalalbasu 31r, 46v.

957
GLOSSARY

sri- to gild: altan buu sri 35r.

srg herd: adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v.

srgle- to herd: ada(usun srglebes 21v, 32r; adu(usun-i srglebes 37r; qoni

yama(-a srglebes 31v; adu(usun sal(an srglebes 36r; mal srglebes 37r.

ssg piety; pious: ssg sedkil egske 4v.

abi [Ch. shami (Mathews 5606.b.1); S. ramanera]; disciple; pupil, student; novice:

abinar ge-dr duralayu 27r.

abu ?: abu kiged-n g buu yabu 53r.

a(abad [S. iksh-pada]; rules of religious life, especially for monks; vow to keep these

rules (Lessing, 748); a(abad tegldr (boluu) 28r, 29r; toyin bolbasu a(abad-iyan

alda(ad 27r; a(abad-iyan ebdek 29v; toyin bolbasu agabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad

56v.

a(abad-iyan ebde- to violate ones vow (29v); see the story of Kumrasena of Kashmir,

famous as the monk who violated his vow (Vogel, 1969: 64).

aa(ai/a(aa(ai magpie: ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r; ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r; keriy-e

ba a(aa(ai: kegbes sayin bui 57r.

aji [Ch. hsia zhi]; the summer solstice (see Mathews, 2521.18 (p. 372)); nara umar-a g

odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r; edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6v.

ara yellow: gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r;

ara kiiri bariu 23r; ara ken kmn qula(uu amui 24r; ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu amu

958
GLOSSARY

24r; ara kegeri bariu 24v; ara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r; ara tege 59r; ara iba(un

59r; ara quma( 60r; ara ula(an quma( 60r; ara-nu(ud-iyar ime 23r.

ara sar-a yellow moon: gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san ara sar-

a bui 20r.

ara tege yellow bear (59r).

ara iba(un yellow bird (59r).

ar(-a light bay, i.e. horse color: ar(-a 52v.

sarid [?=arid] deledbes, ? if one beats penitence, i.e., practices flagellation (28v).

arq-a wound: yar-a arq-a bolqu 50r.

astir [S. stra]; treatise: astir medegid-e ma(u 30v; Kitad-un astir-aa uqa(daqui 2r;

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; (aru(san astir-tur

bertegin kbegn iles iledk bges 2r; Kitad to(alaqui astir-tur 2r.

ibad ?birds; tentative rendering of sibad > siba[(u]d. Perhaps the term sibad refers to

"hermaphrodites." In Srzi's BTD there is saba "hermaphrodite," 8774. That with a plural

d, and an i in the first syllable instead of the a in order to distinguish the word from saba

"container" gives this reading; ibad-un qurim kibes 44r.

?ibad-un qurim kibes ?if one holds a feast for the birds (44r).

iba(ud [pl. of iba(un]; birds: i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] qamu( iba(ud iremi 10r.

iba(un bird: i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r; a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un

dong(oddumui 11r; a(ur-a kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r; a(ur-a kir(a(ul

iba(un ula(lamui 13r; a(ura ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r; qara(ai iba(un taulai

959
GLOSSARY

bariu tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r; a(ur-a

salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r; takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r; qamu(

iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r; iba(un igrt kimusutu 55r; iba(un met 59v;

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i]timeriddgi odun ali bui 33r; iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i]

(al-dur timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v; ara iba(un-u 59r.

idar [S. sitr fr. Per.]; sitar; Indian lute; idar tatabasu 28v

idar tatabasu if one plays the sitar (28v).

idi/idi [S. siddhi; Mong. translated by various forms of bt-]; magic, supernatural

power, certain mundane and supernatural gifts of which often eight are enumerated (Lessing,

698); cf. also RRS (652-653); Waddell, (141); Poppe (1967: 84); the Mongolian translation

of the Klacakra, using the transcription system of Ayushi Gushi, gives iddhi (KOT 127,

passim); the transcription in the manual follows the older Mongolian method derived from

Uygur (Poppe 1967: 30, passim); Anurad-du deged idi olqu boluyu 38r; qoyar iroi

uirabasu idi btky-yin uaral 45v; idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v.

igrde- to catch fish by groping for them in the water: i(asun igrdebes 36v.

igs a kind of broth made from the head of an animal, usually a sheep, which is then

boiled and served to a person of honor, or used in ritual; see Mostaert, DO, 638; a(an Qonin

igs-ber takibau l oyiiyamu kemeki 60v.

iim cord, string, twine: rne umara-yin iim odun 59r.

iker [Pers. akar; S. arkara]; sugar: ingqun. iker qangla(ur terigten 50v.

ilige splinter; (see Mostaert, DO, 616b (ilge)): ilige buu (ar(a 34r.

960
GLOSSARY

ilu(un honest: ilu(un n<e>gge gelen odun 59r; kbegn trbes ilu(un aburitu

bolu(ad 61v.

im [Ch. ren/jen (Mathews 3100)]; the 9th heavenly stem; the Mongolian transcription

reflects the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the term, which had a final -m; for the same

transcription in the Uygur Turfan documents, see Rachmati, 304: ding im yile 7v; ding im

edr 7v; im baras sara 7v; im baras a( 7v; im luu sara 7v; im luu a( 7v; im morin sara

7v; im morin a( 7v; im bein sara 7v; im bein a( 7v; im noqai sara 7v; im noqai a(

7v; im qulu(an-a ; im qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; im gi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r.

imnus/im[n]us/ilmus/imu [S. Mra; Tib. Bdud;] demon, demons; in Buddhism the

imnus demons are associated with The Evil One, The Tempter; originally the term comes to

the Mongols through Uigur mnu from Sogdian (Christian) mn, meaning "demon, evil

spirit" (Lessing, 710, 1183; cf. also Poppe 1967: 36, 37, 63, passim); Pozdneyev describes

them as follows: simnus, or silmu(s), T. bdud, from S. ama, tranquility, and na,

destruction. These are spirits which entangle one in a web of passion and try to involve them

in sins to shake their faith. They are instigators of sensual enjoyment, rulers of the samsara,

adversaries of nirvana. There are four kinds: those of heaven which instigate lasciviousness;

those of the body which bring ignorance; those of the spirit which cause anger; and those of

the king of death which promote avarice (RRS 645); burqan im[n]us kiged ir(u(an teryinar-

i nomo(adqau 8r; im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r; im[n]us-un

edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala(

961
GLOSSARY

debisker bui 20v; ber'i ba(ul(abasu debes imnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v;

im[n]us btgebes 28r; ista na(idar kemebes im[n]us-un na(idar bui 29v; (aar

kdelbes tngri im[n]us gen bolumui 32r; drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v; qamu(-i geyireglgi qara imu kemem 42v; tngri ilmus (adqulduqui

edr kemebes 43r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui

45r; im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr 45r; beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang

tayiqu itgen eke. lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r; usun-dur

alda(san imnus-un odun 59r; grgein imnus-un odun 59r.

in/ing [Ch. xin/hsin (Mathews 2739)]; the 8th Heavenly stem: in 52r; bing in yile 7v;

in taulai sara 7v; in mo(ai sara 7v; in qonin sara 7v; in takiy-a sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v;

in ker sara 7v; bing in edr 7v; in taulai a( 7v; in mo(ai a( 7v; in qonin a( 7v; in

takiy-a a( 7v; in (aqai a( 7v; in ker a( 7v; ging in<g> 41r/ging in 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r.

in-e/ini [Uy. yang]; 1. new; 2. the first; used in calendars after each of the first ten days,

indicating the first part of the month (Rachmati 1972: 291; Kara 1994 201): in-e nabi 3r;

in-e debel 4v, 21v, 25r, 28v, 29v, 32r, 34r, 56r; in-e ger 22r, 23r, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 28v,

35r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 47v; in-e qa(al(-a 22r, 48r; in-e (aar 24r, 61r; in-e mala(-a

34v, 57r; in-e er-e em-e 35r; in-e beri 35r; in-e ong(oa 35v, 36r, 36v; in-e kebtein 35v,

36r, 36v, 36v; in-e krge 36r; in-e irigen 36v; sarayin in-e 37v; in-e nutuglabasu 41v; in-

e nutu( 43r; in-e kmn 53v; in-e asaraqu 53v; in-e iregen sandali 58r; nigen in-e 8v, 9v,

10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r,

962
GLOSSARY

47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; qoyar in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; (urban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50v;

drben in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; tabun in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v,

19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; ir(u(an in-

e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v; dolo(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50r, 50v; naiman in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 40r, 41v,

43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v; isn in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r,

47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 54r; arban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; nigen inede 2r, 7r,

17r, 40r; (urban inede 44r; drben inede 14r; tabun inede 40r; ir(u(an inede 38v, 44r;

dolo(an in-e-de/inede/inide 8r, 11r, 51v; naiman inede 38v, 38v, 39v, 44r, 56v; isn

inede 40r; sarayin inede 37r, 37v, 52r; ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu 3v;

drben ini-ee arban tabun krtel-e 13r; isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e; inein

nigen 41v; inein/in-e-yin qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 53r, 56v; inein/in-e-yin (urban 37v, 37v,

38r, 43r, 53r, 56v; inein drben 38r, 44v; inein/in-e-yin tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 56v;

963
GLOSSARY

inein ir(u(an 38r, 38r; inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r; inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v,

41v, 43r; inein isn 39v, 41v; inein/in-e-yin arban 38r, 38r, 56v.

in-e asaraqu kmn concubine: Mostaert states that sin-e asaraqu kmn is a

euphemism for a concubine (MMAD, 46, n. 106): in-e kmn 53v; in-e asaraqu 53v.

in-e beri abubasu if one takes a new bride (35r).

in-e debel abubasu if one receives a new robe (25r).

ini debel emsbes if one wears a new robe (21v, 28v, 34r, 56r).

in-e debel okiyabasu if one makes a new robe (32r).

in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu if a new couple unites (35r).

in-e (aar il(abasu if one analyzes a new place (61r).

in-e ger abubasu if one acquires a new dwelling (29v).

in-e ger ba qota asabasu if one repairs a new dwelling or city wall (25r).

in-e ger baribasu if one builds a new dwelling (24r, 35r).

in-e ger-tr orobasu if one enters a new dwelling (22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 47v).

in-e ger-dr orobasu negbes if one moves into a new home (37r, 37r).

in-e krge tatabasu if one works a pump; if one pumps a bellows (36r).

in-e nutuglabasu if one settles down in a new place (41v).

in-e ong(oa usun-a oro(ulbasu if one launches a new boat (36r, 36v).

in-e qa(al(-a baribasu if one builds a new doorway (22r).

964
GLOSSARY

inele- to celebrate the New Year: Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(au inelegsen-ee ekilen

to(olau 2v; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v; il ur(uqui-yin

terign-dr inelek inu 3r; ineleki sara 2r; in-e nabi uquyiqui-dur inelemi 3r;

Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r; Mig sar-a-i qaburun

terign sar-a bol(au inelemi 3r; [Jayitari] sara-i a(-un krdin-dr il-n terign bol(an

inelemi 10r.

ingge- to set, i.e., the sun: nara ingge 6v; nara inggeki (a() 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r,

42r.

ingpng/ingbng [Tib. zin p'ung]; a kind of genius loci (cf. Waddell 458); ingpng

gik edr 20v, 53v; qara ingpng giki anu 42r; qara ingpng-n yabudal kemebes 42r;

qara ingpng-yin belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v.

ingq-a sari ?[personal name]; ?the lion throne; perhaps the famous Uygur translator of the

10th century, Sngqu-a Sli Tutung (cf. Elverskog and Zieme); perhaps an epithet of Buddha,

bandida igqua sari the teacher on the lion throne; tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a

sari gler-n 1v.

ingqun [S. sindura]; vermillion, red ink; red or purple varnish: ingqun 50v.

intara- to become blunted: mandal kibes intarayu 42r.

irad ?yellow things; sarad [=irad]-nu(ud-iyar ime 24v.

irbegel a conical metal casing worn on the end of the braids on both sides of a married

womans breast: sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegn (artur

nigen irbegel bari(ulu 54v.

965
GLOSSARY

irege(n) table, desk, throne, seat; alter: in-e irigen oro asabasu 36v; oron-u irige

baribasu 37r; iregen sandali deger-e l sa(uqu 58r.

in-e irigen oro asabasu if one repairs a new throne (36v).

ir(oli ants: ir(oli terigten amitan degde o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r.

irge- to evaporate: usun irgey 30r.

irid/irad ?relics; reliquary; the forms here are closer to arid penitence, abstinence than

to aril holy relics, but the context of the entries, i.e., the verbal forms to which they are

objects, as well as their association with the terms subur(an and qubil(an in adjoining

auspices, seems to indicate the latter meaning; see RRS, 165, 366; irad kibes 23v; irid-n

ger baribasu 26v.

irad kibes ?if one makes a reliquary/mummy (23v).

irid-n ger ?an idol temple; cf. RRS, 366-367; irid-n ger baribasu 26v.

irid-n ger baribasu ? if one builds the building (idol temple) for a reliquary/mummy

(26v).

iro(ai dirt: ong(od-i takibasu iro(ai-dur adali 48r.

iroi earth; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; the planet Saturn; Saturday:

iroi 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 45v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

966
GLOSSARY

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au nigen inede iroi odun-iyar

ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki

terigten Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk

(aar-un ein- gara( bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r; iroi odun kcn

tegs-n a( 24r; isn adqu iroi 22r; isn doboa( iroi 23v; iroi kdelgebes 42r; qoyar

iroi uirabasu idei btki-yin uaral 45v; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral

46r; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin

uiral 46r; ara iroi-du (aar 24r; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara(

bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v.

iroi kdelgebes if one moves earth (42r).

iroi odun Saturn; Saturday: iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au nigen inede iroi odun-iyar

ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki

terigten Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk

(aar-un ein- gara( bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r; iroi odun kcn

tegs-n a( 24r.

967
GLOSSARY

irvan/irvang/iravan [S. ravan}a]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: irvan 9v, 10v,

[11v], 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 45v, 48v, 55v, 56r/irvang 8v, 12v,

21r, 44v, 59r, 59v/iravan 56v; irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v;

Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v; drben belbesn odun kemebes

Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r; Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin

inar buyu 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-

tan buyu 61v.

ita- to burn: timer itaqu 60r.

it- to rely upon, have faith in something: qamtudqui-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it 2r.

itn barildaqui [S. prattyasamutpda/nidna; Tib. rten-brel]; dependent origination;

commonly written as sitn barildul(-a; there are twelve terms; in the manual they are said to

have been composed according to the custom created by Ngrjuna from the tantra of

Cakrasambara (2v); they are given as follows: 1. mungqa( (S. avidy; Tib. ma-rig-pa); 2.

iledki (S. samskrah karmh; Tib. du-byed; Mong. quran iledki); 3. medeki (S. vijna;

Tib. rnam-par ses-pa; teyin medeki); 4. ner-e ngge/ngge ni(ur (S. nmarpa; Tib. ming-

tan-gzugs); 5. ir(u(an orod (S. adyatana, Tib. skye-med drug; Mong. trn tgeki); 6.

krteki (S. spara; Tib. reg-pa); 7. sereki (S. vedan, Tib. cor-ba. Mong. medereki); 8.

quriaqui (S. trsna; Tib. sred-ba); 9. abqui (updna; Tib. len-ba; Mong. iqula abqui); 10.

bolqui (S. bhava; Mong. sansar); 11. trki (S. jti; Tib. skye-ba); 12. telki kki (S.

jarmarana; Tib. rgad-si); see RRS, 127-133; Lessing, 1183 (where it is given as sitn

968
GLOSSARY

barildul(-a); KOT 84; and Cornu,. 41-46; itn barildaqui iles 1v; arban qoyar itn

barildaqui 2v, 2v.

itgen [S. dhra; Tib. gzhi]; 1. basis, foundation; potentiality; qono(-un (urban il

il(al terigten-i medegdek-yin itgen 2r; 2. an object of veneration; itgen eke 8r, 14r, 52r;

itgen- eke 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 53r; burqan itgen inidkebes

24r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; itgen-dr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu 38r, 43v; itgen bayi(ulqui 45v; burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v.

itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu if one blesses an object of veneration (38r, 43v).

itgen- eke/itgen eke mother of the sitgen (8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r, 52r, 53r); perhaps this refers to Tr, who is described as a mother . . . on

whom her devotees can rely for help (Beyer 1973: 55); cf. also Waddell, 434-437. The term

eke-yin itgen is commonly found in the Klacakra and other sources (KOT 56).

iu [1. Ch. qiu/chiu (Mathews 1227)]; autumn, fall; 2. [Ch. shou (Mathews 5837); Mong.

quriya(i]; to gather in, put away; the 10th of the twelve lords of the day: Qoyar sara-dur edr

sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; iu quriya(i edr 36v.

ua(/Sua( [S. Vikh]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: ua( 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 52r, 61r/Sua( 8v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-

un krdn-dr qaburun es ua( sara 11r; Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du

na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk 3v; o(tar(ui-dur ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; ua(

na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin

969
GLOSSARY

edr kemebes [. . .] ua( ma(u 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal

uiral bolai. [. . .] Usun odun ua( qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki

uaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Saran odun ua( qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad

Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; Asli( ua( irvan Barani

eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin

55v; debel emsk sayin edr kemebes [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba

oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta

ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; ua( Auvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg ua( qoyar ing bged gelen obo(-tan buyu

61v.

tabang [S. sna; Tib. gdan; Mong. debisker]; throne; dias; see RRS, 78; tabang baribasu

23r.

tabang baribasu if one builds a throne (23r).

tabu(n) five: tabun 37v, 40r, 56v, 56v, 60r, 60r, 60v; tabun oron 1v; tabun gara( 2r; tabun

il 3v; tabun in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v. 19v, 39r, 39v,

40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; Tabun sara 12r, 12r, 37v,

38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v; tabun kmn 22r, 24r, 26v, 43r; tabun edr 22r; tabun quya(-du kmn 23v; tabun

odun 25v, 28r, 30v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r; in-e-yin (inein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r,

56v; tabun dakini 49v; tabun qalqala(i 60r; tabun maqabud 61r; tabun-a 38r, 55v.

970
GLOSSARY

tabun dakini the five d}~kin (49v); these are: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt) d}~kin;

2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) d}~kin; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) d}~kin; 4. Garm-a

dagini = Karma (action) d}~kin; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) d}~kin; cf. Beyer,

45; ODT, 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23.

tabun gara( the five planets, i.e., Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The reference

in the text might be to sections of the Klacakra sources which treat the five planets. An

example of this would be Klacakratantra I,40-I,49(1), which describes "the movement of

the five planets", cf. Schuh, 25; tabun gara( 2r.

tabun il five items; the lustrum; after five solar years of 366 days, the sun and moon have

completed a nearly whole number of sidereal revolutions, the former 5, the latter 67; over that

period they have come into conjunction 62 times, for which reason a lustrum comprises 62

synodic months, each reckoned at 29 16/31 solar days but artificially divided into 30 lunar

days (Vogel, 232-233); Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer

ta(alal inu tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v.

tabun maqabud the five elements (61r).

tabun oron the five sciences; Buddhist sciences are categorized into five major disciplines,

grammar, logic, metaphysics, medicine, and craftsmanship (art) and five minor sciences,

mathematics (astrology), poetics, prosody, synonymics and drama (Lessing, 1180; TEDP, 11);

tabun oron 1v.

tabun qalqala(i five protectors, talismans: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-

[=yin] soddu); 2. the shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin krmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine

971
GLOSSARY

(so( ariyan-u rgesn); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber); 5. the tusk of a wild

boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a): tabun qalqala(i ede kemebes. qong keriy-e- [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin krmeli. so( ariyan-u rgesn. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

Tabun sara the fifth month: 12r, 12r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v.

tabun in-e the fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v,

18v. 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; in-e-

yin (inein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r, 56v.

taiya- to have ardent desire: l taiyan gerte oro(ulbasu 53r.

taiyang(ui passion; passionate; lust; lustful: kbegn trbes taiyang(ui yeke

na(adum inggeldki-dr duratai bolumui 28v; kbegn trbes qaram yeke biligt

taiyang(ui gei gken sedkil-d boluyu 31r.

ta(ala(in adherents, i.e., of a school of thought: Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v.

ta(alal [S. siddhnta; Tib. grub mtha]; tenet, set of tenets of a school: ta(alal 4r; Dlb-a-

yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal

3v; Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal 4r; deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur

qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e. Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-

yin tula-da qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r; okin trbes (ayiqami( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu

26r.

972
GLOSSARY

ta(ari- to cut short, e.g., the nails: kimusu ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v.

taki wild horse: egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r.

taki- to offer, make sacrifice: takil beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-yi taki 32v; burqan buu taki

34v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r; burqan tngri buu taki 48r; aman-a (aar usun-i

taki 55v; busu edr-e a(an qonin igs-ber takibau l oyiiyamu kemeki 60v; burqan-i

takibasu 21v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r; aliba burqan-i takibasu 22v; burqan takibasu 23r,

24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r; (al takil takibasu

21v, 31v, 35r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al takibasu 35v, 35v, 36v, 37r; suu ali-

yu(an takibasu 25v, 28v; quvara(-i takibasu 26v; bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v;

erketen-i takibasu 27v; takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r; busud-i takibasu 30r; (aar-un ein-i

takibasu 34v; naiman ayima(-ud-yi takibasu 35r; tngri (aar-<y>i takibasu 35r; ong(od-i

takibasu 35v; tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; tngri-yi takibasu 36v;

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; (aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v; burqan tngri ong(od-

i takibasu 48r; suali-yu(an takiu 21v; suu ali-yu(an takiju 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; a(-un takil-

iyar takiu 38v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; ed-n tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r;

degeds-yi takiqui 61r.

takil [S. pj; Tib. mchod pa]; offering; sacrifice: takil gbes 8r; (al takil takibasu 21v,

31v, 35r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil iledbes 34v; takil ba abiig

talbibasu 28r; aliba takil iledbes 31v; gdeiky-yin takil gbes 31v; takil beled talbi(ad

tngri (aar-yi taki 32v; usun takil gki 45v; takil-<y>i beled 32v; a(-un takil-iyar takiu

38v.

973
GLOSSARY

takil gbes if one gives an offering (8r).

takil ba abiig talbibasu if one offers a sacrifice or consecration (28r).

takin-a [v. taki- + suff. na (Poppe, 1974: 58, 213)]; sacrificially: (urban to(-a kiged-<y>i

ari(un takin-a yamparilan uqa(ulqui anu 1v.

takir no(i kmn crippled person (33v).

takiy-a cock; chicken: Takiy-a sara 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Takiy-a il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; takiy-a ilten 24r,

54v; ki takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-asara 7v; in takiy-a

sara 7v; ki takiy-a a( 7v; ii takiy-a a( 7v; ding takiy-a a( 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; in takiy-

a a( 7v; takiy-a (aar 8r; takiy-a quriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

Takiy-a edr 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r; Takiy-a a( 42r,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v; takiy-a l alaqu 58r; Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma( 60r.

Takiy-a a( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v; ki takiy-a a( 7v; ii takiy-a a( 7v;

ding takiy-a a( 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; in takiy-a a( 7v.

Takiy-a edr 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

974
GLOSSARY

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; takiy-a quriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Takiy-a (aar Cock place (8r).

Takiy-a il Cock year: 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; takiy-a ilten 24r, 54v.

Takiy-a sara Cock month: 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; ki takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a

sara 7v; gi takiy-asara 7v; in takiy-a sara 7v.

tal-a steppe: (aar tal-a dken asun bolumui 19r.

tama(-a seal; brand: dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r;

tama(-a i(ul(abasu 36r; dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v.

tama(-a i(ul(abasu if one gathers seals (36r).

tamu hell: qoyin-a tamu-dur unamu 32r.

tan honored ones, i.e., those of rank, to whom tan is used as an honorific pearll: drben

tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

tana- [=tanu-] to reduce in size; shorten: qa(uin debel buu tan-a [=tanu] 34v.

tang(ari( oath: tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v.

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa [S. Dhanis}t}h~]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Tanista 8v, 8v,

9v, 10v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v/Tanis 11v, 16v, 18v, 19v, 53r;

Tanista na(idar 31r; kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v;

qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

975
GLOSSARY

tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Tanista qoyar 45r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui. [. . .]iroi odun Tanista qoyar 45r;

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; mr

(arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [.

. .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; [. . .] Tanis [. . .] ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .]Tanista [. . .] sayin 56r; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista

i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Anurad Tanisa

qoyar [. . .] 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

taqul plague; epidemic: sn kir(abasu ebedin taqul bolqu 57v; qulu(an-a qaabasu

ebedin taqul bolqu 57v.

tarba(-a marmot: tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r.

tar(ul- to fatten up: morin qulan terigten tar(ulu 12r.

tari- to sow, plant: tariyan buu tari 33v; modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r; modun iig taribasu

35v, 36r; tariyan taribasu 24v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan

ceig taribasu 36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v;

tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v.

tariyala- to cultivate the soil: tariyan tariyalabasu 10r.

tariyalang arable land; field: tariyalang-un (aar qudalduqui . . .iles 45v.

976
GLOSSARY

tariyain 1. farmer; peasant; tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r; 2. the Chinese peasant

calendar (Ch. nongli); the calendar of the twenty-four joints and breath, which gives the

changes in climate necessary for farmers to plant and harvest their crops. See Palmer, T'ung

Shu, 64; tariyain-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

tariyan grain; crop: tariyan 26v; deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v; r-e

tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; tariyan-u krngge (ajar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur

krngge orkibasu 46v; tariyan tariyalabasu 10r; tariyan-u ile iledbes 14r; qamu( iba(un

tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r; qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; qamu( tariyan

tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; tariyan saubasu 22r, 30v; tariyan taribasu 23v, 27v, 28v,

29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v; tariyan seig taribasu

36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r; isn il tariyan-i

anibasu 30r; isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r; r-e tariyan gbes 30r; tariyan-u ebesn

tegbes 30v, 41r; tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i (odun) 33r, 33v; tariyan buu tari 33v;

tariyan buu g. 34r; tariyan-u (aar olqu 46v; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad 58r.

tariyan modun taribasu if one plants grain or trees (37r, 47v).

tariyan saubasu if one scatters grain (22r, 30v).

tariyan seig taribasu if one plants grain or flowers (36v, 36v).

tariyan taribasu if one plants a crop (23v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r,

46v).

tariyan tariyalabasu if one cultivates a crop (10r).

977
GLOSSARY

tariyan tmsn field crops: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu abubasu if one either casts or takes seed for a crop (46v).

tariyan-u ile iledbes if one performs grain rites (14r).

tariyan-u ebesn tegbes if one picks weeds from a crop (30v, 41r).

tarni [S. dhran]; magic spells mostly consisting of Sanskrit syllables or words and/or

unintelligible phonetic units used in ritual; charms, dharani, mantra: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r,

32r, 34v, 34v, 61r; irken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

tarni uribasu if one recites a dhran (25v, 30r, 32r, 34v, 34v, 61r).

tarnii n. exorcist, magician; Mongolian translation for sang(asba (Lessing, 782); tarnii

kmn 4v.

tarqa- to disperse, disseminate: arlig biig tarqabasu 18r; naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an

inu . . . tarqamui 38r, 38r

tas vulture: tas dt sumun 32v.

tasul- to sever; interrupt: kl-n segl tasulbasu 32r; qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu na(idar

28r

tasulu(i the one that severs; stops: qurim-dur keig tasulu(i odun ali bui 33r; qurim-dur

keig tasulu(i Burvabalguni 33v; yer r-e tasulu(i Mul buyu 34r; Qulu(an-a Morin il-e

qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; ker Qonin il-e qaburun es r-e tasulu(i 41r; Baras

Bein il-e un-u terign r-e tasulu(i 41r; Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i

978
GLOSSARY

41r; Luu Noqai il-e un-ues r-e tasulu(i 41r; Mo(ai 'aqai il-e qaburun terign r-e

tasulu(i 41r; r-e tasulu(i odun 59r/

tasura- to be cut off; interrupted, stopped, finished: tasuraqu bolbasu tere edr qono(

tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; endegrelgegy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeki kereg 4v; qono(

tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a 3v; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v;

qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin ma(u ai r-e

inu l bty 4r; uru( tasura(san kmn 26r; Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru(

tasura(san na(idar 26r; drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r; r-e tasuram 52v; ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui. ir(u(an

okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono(gei bui. tegber ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r; umar-

a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara oron-

ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui. tegni qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-

<y>i to(alaqu gei-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememi 4r; arim sar-a-dur urida arban

tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r; in-e-dr

inu edr l tasuraqu 3v; qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v; tasuraqu bolbasu tere edr qono(

tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bgetel-e 3v; eliy-e-yi darubasu kl-

n segl l tasuraqu ma(u bui 41r; r-e tasuraqu 41v, 52v; qono( tasuraqui 3r, 3r; ir(u(an

qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r; nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono(

tasuraqui 3v; qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 4r; kl-n segl

l tasuriyu 34r.

979
GLOSSARY

tai(ura- to indulge: tai(ura(san-u tulada ene sarada qariqu gei bgetel-e ir(u(an

inede ken i(ulumui 38v.

taiyan hip: taiyan-dur okis-tu bolqu 52v.

tata(al aqueduct, small canal, ditch: tata(al usun tatabasu 12r.

tata(al usun tatabasu if one draws water into a canal (12r).

tatal(-a biig tribute: qa(an-a tatal(-a biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v.

taulai rabbit; hare: taulai 53v; Taulai sara 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tula-da

qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; in taulai sara 7v; ki

taulai sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; Tbed-dr Taulai sara 9r; Taulai il 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; taulai

ilten 22r, 54r, 54v; taulai ilt 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u

dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; Taulai a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; ding

taulai a( 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; in taulai a( 7v; ki taulai a( 7v; ii taulai a( 7v; un-u

(urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r; Taulai edr 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Taulai edr tngri-yin (al 9r; Taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu ed

a(urasun nemek sayin 46v; taulai iledki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r; qara(ai

980
GLOSSARY

iba(un taulai bariu 15r; Taulai (aar-a itgen- eke Taulai (aar-a 16r; Taulai-dur (okimui

12r.

Taulai a( Hare hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; ding taulai a( 7v;

gi taulai a( 7v; in taulai a( 7v; ki taulai a( 7v; ii taulai a( 7v; un-u (urban sar-a

Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r

Taulai edr Hare day: 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v;

Taulai edr tngri-yin (al 9r; Taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu ed a(urasun nemek sayin

46v; taulai iledki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v

Taulai (aar-a Hare place: itgen- eke Taulai (aar-a 16r.

Taulai il Hare year: 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v;

Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; taulai ilten 22r, 54r, 54v; taulai ilt 53r, 54r,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r.

Taulai sara Hare month: 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg

bolumui 3r; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; in taulai sara 7v; ki taulai sara 7v; ii taulai

sara 7v; Tbed-dr Taulai sara 9r.

tavar merchandise, goods, property, chattels: ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r;

tavar ed olqu 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r, 50r, 50r; qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar gletel-e

981
GLOSSARY

a(un amin-dur krmi 47v; ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r;

qudalduin-dur odbasu ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r.

tayiqu [Ch. taihu/tai-hou (Mathews, 6020.a 10)]; mother of the emperor: dayiwang tayiqu

52r, 53r.

tayisui [Ch. taisui/tai-sui (Mathews 6020.a 22)]; Jupiter; the "Great Year" star in Chinese

astrology; yin counterpart to the planet Jupiter; a star god that presides over the year; cf.

Smith, Chinese Astrology (1992): 6, 11; compare the Hindu god, Indra; tayisui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r,

12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; il-n tayisui 55v.

tayii [Ch. taishi/tai-shih (Mathews 6020.a 20)] grand master, imperial teacher; honorary

title of the first degree: qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v.

tediken (qubi) the common qubi; a unit of time = 48 minutes (S. muhrta): nigen

dusul qoyar qubi nigen tediken kememi 5v; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; sni arban

tabun tediken qubi 5v; edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v.

tegerme/tegerm-e mill: tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; a(ur

tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 37r; a(ur tegerme bosqabasu 36v.

tegerm-e bosqabasu if one erects a mill (42v).

tegi uniformly; equally: ari(un gegen-e iruqai-dur tegi okiyabai 2v; uridu qoyitu edr-yi

tegi egdeki 6v; (aar-dur dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r; ede sarada tegi sayin bui 51r.

teg- to pick; gather: tariyan-u ebesn tegbes 30v, 42r; tariyain-u ebes tegki a(

12r.

tegldr full: a(abad tegldr bol- 28r, 29r.

982
GLOSSARY

tegs full; perfect; accomplished; ascendent (of the horoscope): tegs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

24v; ilau tegs ngigsen burqan 1v; kn tegs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; kn tegs

uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; tegs leyit 25v, 26v; tegs ir(alang-tu 25v, 27v, 29r;

kn tegs-n a( 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 24r.

teliye- to struggle to get up (of young animals): qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r.

temdeg mark; brand: temdegt adu(usun gbes 30r; kmn-e temdegt mal (ada(i

(ar(abasu 31r.

temdegt adu(usun gbes if one gives a branded animal (30r).

temeildbes if one fights for something (35r).

temr iron, metal; one of the five elements: isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun

sr kemek na(idar 25r; temr maqabud 54r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u

gara( bky-yin tula temr-n inar 23v.

temri smith; metalworker: eliy-e da(a(san kmn ba. temri ba bandi ba bombo

teyim nigen kmn sura( glemi 22v.

983
GLOSSARY

teng [Ch. deng/teng (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893))]; equal; Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un

bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r

teng iu un [Ch. deng/teng equal (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893)); Ch. qiu/chiu autumn

(Mathews, 1227 (p. 176)); Ch. zhong/chung middle (Mathews, 1504 (p. 213))]; the middle

month of autumn, i.e., the autumnal equinox; Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un bolbasu

6r.

tengse- to examine, probe: Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-

ud> terigten-iyer kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse i(ulqui-dur inu 38r.

tergen cart: tergen 31v, 59v; ger tergen asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; ger tergen bosqabasu 37r,

42r; ger tergen inedkebes 45r; ger tergen ari(ulbasu 54v; tergen- krdn 25v.

terigle- to be at the head of: qulu(an-a-aa teriglen 7r; aq-a deg qoyar teriglen

qula(uyu 26r; uridu qoyar odun teriglen 32v

terig(n) head; first: terign 52v, 55v; qaburun terign sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; qaburun

terign Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; un-u terign sara 10r, 11r;

un-u terign ista sar-a 12r; namurun terign sara 13r, 14r; namurun terign burvabadaribad

sara 15r; ebln terign sara 16r, 17r; ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; il-n terign 3r, 10r;

eng terign gan 5r, 5r; grgesn(-) terign 26r, 59v; mo(ay-yin terign 27r, 59v; a(an-u

terign 29v, 31r, 59v, 59v; morin terign 32v; odun-u terign 33r; odud-un terign Kerteg bui

33r; un-u terign 41r; ebln terign 41r; qaburun terign 41r; namurun terign 41r; drben

terign sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; a(an baras-un terign 49r; noqai terign 49v; krgegi-yin

terign 52v; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign inu 55r; un-u (urban sarada<n> terign inu

984
GLOSSARY

55r; namurun (urban sarada terign inu 55r; ebln (urban sarada terign inu 55r; ima(an-u

terign 59v; morin-u terign 59v; drben terign odun 61v; il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr

inelek inu 3r; kke luu-yin terign-dr mr (arbasu 49r; terign-dr ger buu bari 55r;

drben terign sarayin terign-i qara 41r; noqai terigt 55r; grgesn- qan-u terign-

sn 30r.

terigten [S. -di; Tib. la sogs pa]; and so forth, and others: terigten 1v, 1v, 1v, 2v, 2v,

3r, 3r, 3r, 4r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 38v, 38v, 39r, 45v, 48r, 50v terigten-i 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 2v, 16r, 61v;

terigten-iyer 38r; terigten- 2v.

teryinar heretics; the six heretics of India had to be overcome by Buddha Shakyamuni; see

RRS, 371: ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r.

teyin bged [Tib. rnam par; frequently translates the S. prefix vi- in its intensifying

functions, but also in the sense of differently, especially (Lessing, 1185)].

teyin bged arilu(san [T. rnam par byang ba; S. vyavadnatva]; (the state of) purity

(Lessing, 1185); teyin bged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r.

tib continent: bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi 55r.

tiler scorpion, as in Scorpio; the more common form is kilinet "scorpion;" tiler is given

in Lessing as tiler jgei "horsefly, gadfly" (Lessing, p. 809); the term also refers to the hornet;

for the term in Uygur, see Clauson 1972: 501: naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-

deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r.

Tiler-n ger the house of the scorpion; Scorpio; sometimes also given in Mongolian

sources as gey-yin ger (Bese 1972: 158), the more common form is kilinet "scorpion" and

985
GLOSSARY

Kilinet-yin ger Scorpio, (see, for instance, Khilentsiin ger in the almanacs published by

Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish): naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-deki

amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r.

tngri [S. deva/sura; Tib. lha]; 1. heaven; 2. god/gods: Manjuari tngri 1v; tngri (aar-un

qorin drben a(ur a( 6r; tngri (aar-yi taki(basu) 32v, 35r; tngri (aar-un on sara edr a(

me 55r; yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; obalang(-un) tngri

yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr

56v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr(-n belge) 20r, 47r; (uin qoyar okin tngri

32v; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri im[n]us ken bolumui 32r; tngri ilmus

(adqulduqui edr 43r; tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar 26r; tngri

ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; Mahauvari tngri 38r; tngri mang(us naiman

aima(-ud terigten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an

buyu 38v; ed-n tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu

38r; burqan tngri buu taki ma(u bui 48r; burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( 16r;

tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r; qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayiiyamu 60v; tngri-nern

nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu 5v; tngri-nern gara( 21v; tngri-ner-n na(idar 27v, 30v;

tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; egdgsen isn tngri-i uribasu 28v; bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen

idamui 32v; tngri-yi takibasu 36v; tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; tngri-

yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r; tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v; tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu 25v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san

na(idar 28v; tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun 32v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v;

986
GLOSSARY

tngri-yin egde 33r, 33r; tngri-yin i(ta(-a 33v, 34r; tngri-yin vim-a 39v; tngri-yin mr

kemek edr 49r; tngri-yin egde(n) 49r, 49v; tngri-yin egden odun 59r; tngri-yin qoriyan

49r; tngri-yin erdeni 49r; tngri-yin qula(ai 49r; tngri-yin ordo 49r; tngri-yin ayul 49r; tngri-yin

sang 49r, 49v; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v; tngri-yin

segder 49v; tngri-yin qo(olai 49v; tngri-yin ijim odun 59r.

tngri (aar heaven and earth; sacred and mundane; while tngri refers to the sacred matters

of the gods and heavens, (aar (L. mundus) refers to the mundane affairs of the world and

men; (see Tester, 25): tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a( 6r; tngri (aar-yi taki(basu) 32v,

35r; tngri (aar-un on sara edr a( me 55r.

tngri (aar-yi takibasu if one makes an offering to heaven and earth (35r).

tngri ong(od-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the gods and protective deities (35v,

36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r).

tngri imnus gods and demons: tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri im[n]us

ken bolumui 32r; tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr 43r.

tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes if one performs the ceremony for the gods (30v).

tngri-yi takibasu if one makes an offering to god (36v).

tngri-yin ayul heavenly danger: tngri-yin ayul-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin i(ta(-a the celestial rope; this asterism is ista (S. Jyesth), comprising three

stars that form an almost straight line (Burgess, 1859: 337): 33v, 34r.

tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu if one beckons the fortune of heaven (25v).

987
GLOSSARY

tngri-yin egde(n)/egde [Tib. gnam-sgo; Ch. tianmen/tien-men]; the heavenly gate,

i.e., the vernal equinox; a constellation comprising two stars in Virgo; it marks the arrival of

the vernal equinox (Schlegel, 1967: 488); according to the Vaidrya dKar-po, it is through

the heavenly gate that people are exposed to avalanches, lightning bolts, stroke and epilepsy;

these calamities are remedied by ritual thread crosses; the term also refers to the smoke-hole

of a Mongolian tent (TEDP, 86, note 92; ODT, 369-397; Dor, v. 6, 1966: 36; Ho, 1966: 91;

Camman 1963: 20; Srkzi 1989: 320): 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin egden-dr mr (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin egden odun 59r.

tngri-yin erdeni [Ch. tian bao/tien pao]; the heavenly jewel (Dor, v. 6, p. 11): tngri-yin

erdeni-dr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin (al fire of heaven; in Chinese sources the celestial fire is Antares, also known as

anti-Ares, peer of Mars (Schafer 1977: 117); tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r.

tngri-yin mr [Ch. tianjie/tian-chieh]; the heavenly way; perhaps the first star of the

Northern Dipper (Allred 2002: 65); perhaps an asterism comprising two stars between the

Pleiades and Hyades; this asterism is said to guard barriers, passes and the frontier of the

empire (Schlegel, 372-373): tngri-yin mr kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin noqai [Ch. tiangou/tien-gou; Tib. gnam-khyi]; the dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin qara noqai (the black dog of heaven) (55r, 55v);

in the manual, a section given to the descent of the black dog of heaven describes seven

parts of the dogs body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this

988
GLOSSARY

refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/tien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and

h of Canis Major (Schlegel, 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-

153); the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout

Eurasia; it likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under

gebri [Allen 1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-

296; Dor, v. 1, 1966: 27, 60; Schafer 1977: 93): Tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v.

tngri-yin okin the daughter of heaven: tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun 32v.

tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace: tngri-yin ordo-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin qara noqai [Tib. gnam khyi nag po]; the black dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin noqai (the dog of heaven) (55r, 55v); in the

manual, a section given to the descent of the black dog of heaven describes seven parts of

the dogs body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this refers to

the Chinese constellation tiangou/tien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and h of

Canis Major (Schlegel, 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-153);

the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout Eurasia; it

likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under gebri)

(Allen, 1963: 120-134); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-296; Dor,

v. 1, 1966: 27, 60; Schafer 1977: 93): Tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r.

tngri-yin qo(olai the throat of heaven (49v).

tngri-yin qoriyan [Ch. Tianjiu/tien-chiu (Mathews 6361, 1201)]; the heavenly corral; an

asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the north of the 14th Chinese asterism

989
GLOSSARY

bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad; the culmination of this asterism at the end of winter

indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related rituals (Schlegel, 1967:

309-315; Staal, 1984: 98-99; TU, 1991: 910): tngri-yin qoriyan-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin qula(ai the heavenly thief: tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin sang heavenly treasure; a constellation comprising six stars under Auvani [= 16th

Chinese lunar mansion, lou] (Tngri-yin udq-a, 1991: 912): tngri-yin sang-dur mr (arbasu

sayin 49r.

tngri-yin segder the shadow of heaven (49v).

todqor [Tib. bgegs (Bawden SE I, 246)]; demon, evil spirit, obstacle, obstruction,

impediment; evil, calamity (Lessing, 813); ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar 29r; qulu(an-a

qaabasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; sn kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; keriy-e kegbes tariyan

tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r; ger-ee [x] ada todqor bolqu 58r.

to(-a/to(an number; reckoning; mathematics, astrology: to(-a kiged to(an-u a'i r-e 1v;

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v; teyin bged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r; Manjuari

bodis[n]g in qara Kitad-un oron-dur to(-a terigten-i eglgi buyu 2r; qara Kitad-un

to(-a 2r; arban qoyar sarayin to(-a 2v; arban qoyar itn barildaqui to(-a 2v; yer ede to(-a

to(alaqui inu 4r; sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg 4v; biig to(-a sur(abasu 23r, 23v, 56v; biig

to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegsbe 31r; to(-a to(alabasu 31v; odun-u to(-a 59v; to(-a kiged to(an-u a'i r-e 1v; to(an-

u yosun 3r.

to(-a to(alabasu if one reckons mathematics (31v).

990
GLOSSARY

to(ain mathematician: (qara) Kitad-un to(ain-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v; Kitad-un to(oin-u Bus sar-a 3r.

to(ala- to count, reckon: krgen-ee b to(ala 51v, 51v; sara yeke bges krgen-ee jb

to(ala. 60r; sara ba(-a bges egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r; saban sar-a-yi l meden

rglide to(alabasu 4r; nigen on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au to(alabasu 6v; arban qoyar

sar-a-i ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au to(alabasu 6v; to(-a to(alabasu 31v;

iruqai to(alabasu 31v; urbalgegi-e to(ala(daqui 5v; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau 5r; ebln

dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau 5v; (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r;

odun na(idar-yi to(alaqu gei-yin tulada 4r; nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa

qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui 1v; Kitad to(alaqui astir 2r; usun-iyar qono(

to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v; yer ede to(-a to(alaqui inu 4r; to(alaqui inu 5r; mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r; dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebes

5r; biqar qangin-u iruqai-dur to(alaqui na(idar 26r; qubi to(alaqui-dur 5v; nigen qono(-i

a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun inu 6r; (olomta-aa b to(ola 51v; sara yeke bges

er-e-ee b to(ola 51v; sara yeke bges kgn-ee b to(ola 52v; er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa

b to(ola 52v; ba(urai-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; okin-aa

buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bges em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bges

buru(u to(ola 52v; iroi odun-iyar ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; odun erdem-yi

to(olabasu 60v; inelegsen-ee ekilen to(olau 2v; kmn ba yer qamu( amitan-i to(alau

55r; qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse 38r.

991
GLOSSARY

to(alal counting, reckoning: bgde-yin to(alal 4r.

to(o(an pot: qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v.

to(os [Pers. tus]; peacock: to(os-un 59r, 59r.

to(osq-a brick: to(osq-a ergelebes 32r.

to(osq-a ergelebes if one lays brick (32).

to(osun dust: to(osun bariu 3r.

to(ta(i [Ch. ding/ting, to fix; settle, arrange, decide, (Mathews 6393)]; the one that

decides, arranges; 5th of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i

dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi

qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; ding to(ta(i edr 36r.

tokiyaldu- to coincide with something: busud anu tokiyaldubasu l bolumui 60r; saran-

lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; yer Sua( sar-a

terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u

tulada 3r; ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r; sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il

tokiyaldumui 7r; nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun edge ene on-u qubi

sarayin nigen inide tokiyaldumui 7r; geyireglgi qara edr kemebes yeke qara edr-lu(-

a [=edr-lge] m tokiyaldumui 41v; ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a

tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r.

tokiyaldu(ul- to harmonize, make agree, match: ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ulu 5r;

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu (belgelemi) 18r, 19r; qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a

dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek krdn ene bui 21r; okin-i

992
GLOSSARY

bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui egni sayitur tokiyaldu(ulu medegdeki 51r; ede okin-u

il bui tokiyaldu(ulu egdeki 51r; ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r; Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v.

toli mirror: yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli e 42v; oroi-ta(an

Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugde-d toli bui 54r.

tolo(ai head: qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59r; (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr 23r; yama(an-

u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli e 42v.

tong sni in the middle of the night; Kgeler sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai edr tong sni gimi

42v.

toor-a net: isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar 25r.

tong(ori( [Tib. spu gri]; razor; (cf. ODT, 13, 15); Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu

tong(ori( bui 20r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r;

tong(ori( 47r.

tor(on silk; descriptive of dense fire: (altu tor(on ergiki modun odun 59r.

tosun fat; lard; tallow: a(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

toyin [fr. Ch. daoren/tao-jen, thr. Old Turkish toyn]; priest, monk, lama (originally limited

to priests of noble descent): toyin 30r; toyin kmn 4v; toyin bol- 27r, 29v, 56v, 56v; toyin

quvara(-un-yi kndeleki 61r; toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v.

toyin bolbasu if one becomes a monk (27r, 29v, 56v).

Tbed Tibet; Tibetan: Tbed-dr Baras sara 8r; Tbed-dr Taulai sara 9r; Tbed-dr Luu

sara 10r; Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a 11r; Tbed-dr Morin sara 12r; Tbed-dr Qonin sara 13r;

993
GLOSSARY

Tbed-dr Bein sar-a 14r; Tbed-dr Takiy-a sara 15r; Tbed-dr Noqai sara 16r; Tbed-dr

'aqai sar-a 17r; Tbed-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Tbed-dr ker sar-a 19r; Tbed-n keleber.

isgarma gzangdang ildanbala kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

tgen-e moxa; poultice: geigen-dr tgenet kmn 29v.

tgene- to cauterize; apply a poultice or a hot compress: tgenebes inglebes 22v, 36v,

37r.

tgenebes inglebes if one cauterizes a wound or applies a poultice (22v, 36v, 37r).

tms(n) bulbous plants: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

tr government; power; authority: tr bari- 45v, 61r; tr buu bari 34v; yeke tr

baribasu 41v.

tr baribasu if one builds a government (34v).

tr- to be born: kbegn trbes 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v,

32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v; okin trbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 28r;

ma(u kmn trbes 31v; kbegn okin trbes 31v; ni(un trbes 43r; Manjuari

bodis[n]g trgsen bolai 2v; tngri-yin vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai

kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v; ber-n trgsen odun-dur ya(un buu iled 56r;

qan kmn tr kk odun 59r; Bus na(idar-tu trgi 2r; uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un

sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

994
GLOSSARY

19v; yertin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r; ker ebesn-ee (al-du

qoroqai trmi 13r; ede dumda beri bui. okin trmi 52r; nidn-dr nidn met qoyar

sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v; deged trl-tr try 28r; qoyin-a l try 34r.

trki birth; the 11th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (itn barildaqui):

in the calendar paired with the rat of the twelve animals: qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

trglten those who are born: adu(usun trglten-dr ma(u bui 31r.

trl [S. jti; Tib. skye ba]; birth: kbes deged trl oluyu 30r; deged trl-tr try

28r; kbes deged trl-<y>i oluyu 29r.

tu( flag, standard, banner: tu(-un iin-du uyau 50v.

tu(ul- to pass, surmount, overcome: tu(ulu(san burqan 11r.

tu(urbil effort; attempt; intention: kiiyel tu(urbil kereglegdek busu bges ber 1v;

nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san 1v; tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki busu

bgetele 1v.

tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san [S. nishprapanca; T. spros bral; Mong. tu(urbil-aa

anggiira(san]. freed from conceptualization (Lessing, p. 1187).

tul(-a trivet; support: tul(-a tulbasu 31v; tul(-a bolqui 38v; tul(-a tulu(i 52v; (urban

odun-u dri inu. tul(-a-yin modun met bui 26v; Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban

kl met bui 32r.

tul(-a tulbasu if one leans against a support/touches a trivet (31v).

995
GLOSSARY

tul(-a tulu(i the one who touches the trivet (52v).

tus individual, separate: ali il tus bol- 7r; egn-i tus e 50r.

tusa benefit; advantage; use: em-e kmn-e tusa keyibesu 15r; gken tusa btgebes

16r; ber-n tusa btgebes 22v; qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu tusa bui 25r; a(an

asal kibes tusa l boluyu 39v; ai( tusa eribes 43v, 43v, 61r, 61v; ai( tusa bt- 45v,

49v; ai( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r; tusa yeke bolqu 56v, 57r; (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu

57v

tusa gei without benefit: em emlebes tusa gei 38r; ede edd-dr odun na(idar sayin

bges ber tusa gei 42r.

tbidkegi [Ch. ping/ping, to level, (Mathews 5303)]; the one that levels; the 4th of the

twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; ping

tbidkegi edr 36r.

tbin level, of ground; even, of thought: dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju

6r; kbegn trbes oyun qurdun gen-tr uran sana(-a tbin 61v; Mig Burvasad

Burvabadaribad Barani eden mai tbin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

t[g]igi [Ch. wei dangerous, perilous (Mathews 7056)]; the one that trembles in fear;

8th of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui

35v; i t[g]igi edr 36v.

996
GLOSSARY

til-n edr solstice: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin

iles-i igerle 59r.

timer forest fire: ger baribasu a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r; timer-e timeridk

qula(ai oromui 47v.

tle-/tli- v.t. to burn: (al mandal tlebes 10r, 61v; kger-n snesn tlebes 35v;

uda( tlebes 42v; debel tlebes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; dayisun-u

ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged 22r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-

dr adali bolumui 44v; (al-un oi-du tlek 55v, 56r; kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr

27r; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu 44v; (al iroi

qoyar uarabasu tleky-yin uiral 46r; tleky-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r;

tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v; tleki edrn belge anu solbi(san qara

iruqai ene ilegdebei 20v; (al mandal tleki 39r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r; debel eskebes (al-dur tley 25r.

tlii [=tlei] fuel; a ritual commemorating the dead; for this ceremony, see RRS, 616;

tlii gbes 28v, 30r, 30v; kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r; kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes

26v; kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r; kgsen-tr tlii gbes 29r.

tlii gbes if one gives a commemoration of the dead (28v, 30r, 30v).

timed [pl. of timel]; functionaries; bureaucrats: qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v;

timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v; timed ba(urau (uyirani bolumui 42v; timed-n

erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu

33v.

997
GLOSSARY

timed erdeni ministers jewel; the insignia of a minister is one of the seven jewels; see

dolo(an erdeni in Lessing, 1168, under erdeni; timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v.

uira-/uara to meet, occasion: uirabasu 47v; ma(u aran-lu(-a uirabasu 22v; odun

na(idar uirabasu 37v; qoyar iroi uirabasu 45v; taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu 46v;

Usun odun uirabasu gergi olqu 46v; Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uirabasu 46v;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar noqai edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker

edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar luu edr uirabasu ma(u

46v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai

2v; lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r; kon-dur uira(san beri 54r; ken-dr uira(san beri

54r; kam-dur uira(san beri 54r; gin-dr uira(san beri 54r; jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar

tata(ci beri 54v; sn-dr uira(san beri 54v; aqa deg qoyar kmn uirau i(au ggmi

25v; l uiraqu uiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; qola (aar-a mr (arbasu buliyan

qula(ai-lu(-a uiraqu 47v; a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dr uiraqu 58r;

qurim-dur uiraqu 58r; qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu

delgereki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; usu iroi

qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r; (al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r;

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu

uaral 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n

uiral bui 46r; Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu dayisun-i ayul bolqu 46r;

Usun Altan odun uarabasu ai r-e btk 46r; Modun odun uarabasu nom kiged buyan

keig delgerek 46v; Baras morin noqai (aqai ede edd-t aliba odud uarabasu sayin 46v;

998
GLOSSARY

Margaar Ardar qoyar qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; uara(san bges altan gerel ungi

42v; darasun idegen uaram 50r; aman-tur ge da(un uaram 52v; okin trbes erketen-dr

uaraqu 26v; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; ola uaraqu 49v; dayisun

uaraqu 49v; ksel uaraqu 49v; idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r; idegen qurim uaraqu 50r, 50r;

qula(ai-du uaraqu 50r; ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r; idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r; ebedin-

d(r) uaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; bariy-a kriy-

e-d uaraqu 50r; idegen-d uaraqu 50r; ada-du uaraqu 50r.

uiral/uaral meeting; occasion; fate; circumstances: edr-n odun-u sayin uiral 38r;

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r; (al iroi qoyar

uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui 46r; odun il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r; egride-yin uiral-iyar

rglide ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r; kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; l uiraqu

uiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; l okiqu uiral-iyar r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui

olgiqui iles-dr sayin 46r; tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r; edr-lu(-a

[=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; odun ba

na(idar-un uaral 2v; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu

44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v;

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r; qoyar iroi uirabasu

idei btki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu

999
GLOSSARY

delgereki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; (al kei

qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r;

usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu uaral 46r; beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene

bui 52r; na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v; ene uaral-i sayitur

igdeki 46r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r; idi

btki-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v; raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v;

delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen

bty 45v; kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; odun na(idar tusbri sayin bges

ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui 46r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v;

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin ma(u-i

jek krdn ene bui 21r; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au

biisgei 48r.

uda(an slow: i(ulilabasu yabudal uda(an bolqu 35r.

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad [S. Uttarabhdrapad]; one of the twenty-eight

nakshatra: Udaribadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v,

52r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarbadaribad na(idar 31v; inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i

Udaribadaribad buyu 33v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribadaribad

[. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar

usun-u inar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden

usun bui 61r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar Luu edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; mr

1000
GLOSSARY

(arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr

kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu

[. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .]

Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaripad [.

. .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 56r; Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui. kgsed-n nom-du [...] 60v; qorin naiman

na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. umara Udaribadaribad

kiged Aavani qoyar 60v; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni [S. Uttaraphalgun]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra:

Udaribalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v;

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; o(tar(ui-tur

Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r; Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n

na(idar 27v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37r;

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [.

. .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin
37r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37v; na(idar-un sayin inu [. . .]Udaribalguni [. . .] odun edr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] Altan odun Burvabalguni Udaribalguni qoyar 44v;

1001
GLOSSARY

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin

inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [.

. .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 48v; basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn

sayin anu. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 56v; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u

odun bui. dayisun-a ol(obasu sayin 60v; drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni

qoyar 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun ingbatu obo(-

tan buyu 61r; Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v.

Udarisad/Udarasad [S. Uttarsdh]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Udarisad 8v, 9v,

10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarisad na(idar 30r;

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan

isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger

bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan

itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; Rkini ista

Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Anurad

istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker edr

uirabasu ma(u 46v; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad

[. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 55v; [. . .]

Udarisad [. . .] in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin

1002
GLOSSARY

bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i

il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. rn-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar

60v; Udarisad-dur kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r.

udq-a concept: kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei kemebes 6v.

udurid- to lead, guide: uduridbasu 24r; g uduridbasu 23v; rn-e g uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu 22r; rn-e g ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r; umara doron-a ereg

uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 24v; tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu 23v; irig

uduridbasu 40r; Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r.

uduridbasu if one leads (24r).

uduri(ulbasu if one is guided (34v).

uduri(ulsun [S. updhyya]; guidance; refers to the leader of initiation rites; see RRS,

635; abaig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v.

udusq-a that which sets in motion (cf. Mostaert, DO, 723a; MMAD, 14, note 28): erlig-

d-n udusq-a 28v; ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i (odun) 33v, 33v.

u(tu(i the one who greets [the bride]: u(tu(i-yin il 52v.

u(uu-/uu(u- to drink; take medicine: em u(uubasu 26v; em uu(ubasu 36r; darusun

uu(ubasu 57r; em l u(uuqu 56v.

u(uuta bag, sack: niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui bgded ma(u 54r.

1003
GLOSSARY

ugiya- to wash: biy-e ugiyabasu 21v, 21r, 23r, 26v, 41v; qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-

iyar ugiya(ad 32v; (ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui isun oromui 9r;

ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r

ugiyaqui oga iledbes if one performs a washing ceremony (31r).

ukila- to cry: buu ukila ni l usadqu 34v.

ula(an red: ula(an debel 4v, 21v, 22v, 34r; ula(an altatu debel 34v; ula(an kegeri 21v;

ula(an imeg 21v; ula(an (ajar 22v; ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r; ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r;

qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r; ula(an nara 39v; qariqui edrn beleg inu

ula(an nara bui 20r; (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; ari-narun

glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; ula(an sg 47v; ula(an dusul 40r; baling

do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; gegrglgi edrn belge

(urbalin ula(an bui 20v; ula(an gebri qakiraqu 27v; ula(an quma( 60r; ara ula(an

quma( 60rene (urban krdn-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v.

ula(an aa(ai [Ch. Zhuque/ Chu-cheh red bird (Mathews 1346.17)]; red magpie;

refers to the Red Bird of summer, which together with the Blue Dragon (kke luu), the White

Tiger (a(a(an bars) and the Black Tortoise (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese

sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham, 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistmaker,

113-119); ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an aa(ai

kemek ma(u edr 48r; ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

1004
GLOSSARY

ularu snowcock, heath cock; black grouse (Meserve 2005: 75-83): ularu iba(un

qoriyalamui 15r.

ulus nation: nara sara kbes tere ulus-dur (ai(un obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r; (aar

kdelbes ulus-un noyan kk 27v; (ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r.

Uma the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. Cf. Mostaert MMAD, 17, n. 39. Uma is given

in Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, V. I and II, 5B 36, p. 177; cf. also ODT, 45. Jagarvar-un

qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun 32v.

umar-a north: umar-a 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 13r, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 58v/umara 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r,

40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 60v;

umar-a g/umara g 23v, 26r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 32r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; nara

emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono(

tasuramui 3r; nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr

krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; naran umara g

odqui ir(u(an sara 37v; nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu 5v; nara emnei odqui ba.

umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v; ada(usun ibqarabasu nkgesn debelt

kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn umara emn-e abu odba 22r; umara-aa emn-e

g gimi 42r.

1005
GLOSSARY

umartamta(ai forgetful: kbegn trbes qudali umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu

61v.

umda(an drink: idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r.

una- to fall (of things, weather): qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r; (aar-dur serign segder

una(ad 14r; kiten segder unau 16r; tamu-dur unamu 32r.

una(an foal: una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r; (aar-dur serign segder una(ad qulan una(an-

iyan teliyemi 14r.

una(an sur(abasu if one trains a foal (23r, 32r).

uqa(-a/uqa(an [S. vidy]; knowledge, a branch of learning, discipline; see Cerensodnom

and Taube, Berlin Turfantexte XVI, 225a: (urban a(-un uqa(-a 1v; (urban a(-i uqa(-a

inaru ir(alang-yi ksebes 1v; uqa(an sur(abasu 23v, 23v.

uqa(an sur(abasu if one teaches knowledge/science (23v, 23v).

uqa(id those who possess knowledge, understanding: egni medegid uqa(id qamu(

amitan-a delgereglbes 47v.

uqa(sad those who understand: nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i

uqa(sad 1v.

uqu- to dig, excavate: qada (aar-<y>i uqubasu 23v.

urad [pl. of uran]; master, craftsman, artist: (aar kdelbes urad-dur ma(u 28v.

uran skillful; master; artist, craftsman: (oo-a ges-dr urin [=uran] bolu(ad 61r; kbegn

trbes oyun qurdun gen-tr uran 61v; kbegn trbes ilu(un aburitu bolu(ad uran

bged iran nasulayu 61v.

1006
GLOSSARY

urba- to turn back (also of the sun): nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edr sni

sau(uu 5v; nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis

Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v; ong(oa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu

47v; nara urbaqui odun 2v.

urbau l tbidk obo( the vacillating restless clan: Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis

Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

urbal gei invariably: urbalgegy-e to(ala(daqui 5v.

ur(u- to rise (of the sun, of the new year): nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen

gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; qara ingpng giki

anu. Qubi sarayin Baras Bein edr nara ur(u(san qoyin-a gimi 42r; arban tabun-a luus-un

qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; (aar-tur qamu( nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r; bu(u-yin eber

ur(umui 12r; alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r; il ur(uquy-yin terign-dr inelek

inu 3r; nara ur(uqui a( 42r, 42v; erig mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v; Qubi

sarayin arban drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38r.

uri- to invoke, e.g., a deity; to recite sacred texts, prayers: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r, 32r, 34v,

61r; irken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v; do(id-un tarni uribasu 34v; nasun

uribasu 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r; egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu 28v; oid l uriqu 58r.

urida former; formerly: urida 38v, 39r, 41r; sar-a-u urida nggeriged mar(ada-yin

(ada(adu na(idar 3v; arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui. arim sar-a-

1007
GLOSSARY

dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r; ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v; ereg

mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r.

uridu former; formerly: uridu 6v, 32v, 32v, 59v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin

tula arban drben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben me mn

edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; din dolo(an on-du saban gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i

tegi egdeki 6v.

uriduila- to do as before: uriduilan buyu 3v, 3v, 3v.

uriya- to allure; appeal; summon: qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v.

urtu long (time): edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v; nasun urtu bolqu 45v, 57v;

kbegn trbes ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu 32r.

urtud- to last a long time; become longer: urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v; edr sni

urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r;

un-u nara bayiqu egn-ee qoyin-a [ni] ulam urtuddumui 6v.

uru( relatives by marriage: okin trbes uru( uqa( 25r; ed mal ibqarabasu uru(

tasura(san kmn qula(uu amu 26r; Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru( tasura(san

na(idar kemey 26r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad 54v; qoyar ker ilt uru( uqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ilt uru( cgen bayan

sayin 54v; qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v; qoyar qonin ilt uru( olan bayan sayin

54v ; qoyar takiy-a ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad 54v.

usu(n) water; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; the water star; Mercury;

Wednesday: usu(n) 5r, 8r, 9r, 14r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

1008
GLOSSARY

21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 21v, 22r, 23r, 24v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32v, 36r, 36v, 45v, 47v,

59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; usun bari(id 1v; (aar usun-u eid 2v, 39v; (aar

usun m gesmi 9r; (aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r; (aar usun-aa ekin eribes

34v; aman-a (aar usun-i taki 55v; (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu 58v; usun-iyar

qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v; usu egrgsen kmn-lge ol(aqu. 5r; Usun odun 5r, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r,

55v, 56r; tata(al usun tatabasu; 12r; usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui. 17r; usun-u

iles iledbes 19r; usun sau(ad 21v; usun-u inar bui 22r, 22v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Tanis

Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; usun-u kia(ar-a

ni(uu amui 23r; usun irgey 30r; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; usun-u dolo(an na(idar

32r; qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; usun(-u) galab 33r, 33r; usun suba(

tatabasu 36r; usun takil 45v; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu

(al qoyar uarabasu 46r; Usun Modun Altan ede edd sayin 48v; usun maqabud 54r.

usun bari(id lit. water holders; euph. for clouds (1v).

usun maqabud the water element (54r).

Usun odun the water star; Mercury; Wednesday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

1009
GLOSSARY

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r.

usun suba( tatabasu if one digs a water canal (36r).

usun takil water offering (45v); cf. Beyer, 1973, 148.

usun tegerme watermill: usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r.

usun tegerme bosqabasu if one erects a water mill (32r).

usun-u ein lords of the water; cf. RRS, 522; (aar usun-u eid 2v, 39v.

usun(-u) galab the kalpa of water (33r, 33r).

usun-u iles iledbes if one performs water rites (19r).

uu [Ch. wu (Mathews 7197)]; the 5th Heavenly stem: uu gi yile 7v; uu gi edr 7v; im

baras sara 7v; im baras a( 7v; im luu sara 7v; im luu a( 7v; im morin sara 7v; im

morin a( 7v; im bein sara 7v; im bein a( 7v; im noqai sara 7v; im noqai a( 7v; im

qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; uu gii/jii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

de- to see off (a bride) : ber'i ba(ul(abasu debes 27v; okin debes 31v.

dei evening: dei idei eren gimi 40r; dei x 40r; d[e]i-yin a(-dur ed-iyen baraqu

ma(u bui 56v.

geg kmn a poor person: 33r, 33v; geg kmn-i bayan bol(an idamu 32v.

i [Ch. wei (Mathews 7056); Mong. tgigi]; dangerous; perilous; 8th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui

35v; i t[g]igi edr 36v.

1010
GLOSSARY

ile [S. ducart; Tib. dka]; austerities, penance, rite; deed; act; work: ile 42r; tariyan-u

ile iledbes 13v; do(id-un ile (iledbes) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v; nigen ile qoyar bol(abasu

26v; diyan-u ile iledbes 31r; aliba ile ekilebes 31r; nomo(odqaqui ile iledbes 31v;

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui ile 33v; ile baribasu 35r; qari(ulqu-yin ile iledbes 35v; amin

saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v; a(an ile qara bolumui 42v; kt ile iledbes 45r; oga-

yin ile 45v; ile btk 49v, 58r, 58r; ile bolqu 57r; kimuraqu ile bo[l]qu 57r; kl-n

yasun ek ile bolqu 57r; ayuqu ile bolqu 58r; ayul-du ile bolqu 58v; qoyar aya(an-u

ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui 27r; amitu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile-dr sayin 29v; kmn-

aliba iled-dr sayin bui 31r.

ile baribasu if one offers an act of penance (35r).

iled- to do; make: buu iled 34v; do(in iles buu iled 38r; amurling(ui sayin iles buu

iled 41v; sayin iles buu iled 41v, 48v; buyan-du iles buu iled 45r; aliba iles buu iled

48r; ya(un buu iled 56r; iledbes 48r; tariyan-u ile iledbes 13v; do(id-un ile

iledbes 25r, 29r, 30v; diyan-u ile iledbes 31r; nomo(odqaqui ile iledbes 31v;

qari(ulqu-yin ile iledbes 35v; amin saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v; kt ile iledbes

45r; iles iledbes 26r; usun-u iles iledbes 19r; ma(u iles iledbes 19r; dayisun(-i)

daruqu iles iledbes 23v, 26v, 31r; dayisun-i daruqu iles-yi iledbes 29r; yampar ba iles

iledbes 31v; daru(ulqui-yin iles iledbes 35v; do(id-un iles iledbes 35v; aliba iles

iledbes 37r; (aliba) do(in iles iledbes 38r, 39r, 39r; aliba sayin iles iledbes 43r,

44v; sayin iles iledbes 44v; buyan-du sayin iles iledbes 45r; kelinit iles iledbes

btk 45r; buyan iledbes 21v, 23r, 23v, 26r, 32r, 34r, 35r; kgsen-dr buyan iledbes

1011
GLOSSARY

21v, 22v, 25v, 29v, 30v; kgsen kmn-d(r) buyan iledbes 31r, 32r; nom buyan

iledbes 24r; luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r; tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; ugiyaqui

oga iledbes 31r; buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes 23r; saki(ulsun iledbes 23r, 26v, 28r, 28v,

29r; aliba burqan-u i(ul(an iledbes 26v; alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes 28r; kereg asal

iledbes 30v; burqan-tur aliba takil iledbes 31v; buyan oli( iledbes 31v; buyan qurim

iledbes 31v; amin(-u) saki(ulsun iledbes 34r, 36r, 36v; amin(-u) oli( saki(ulsun

iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; (al-un takil iledbes 34v; qa(uin-dur iledbes 37v; tegni

da(an iledbes 40r; ya(un sedke iledbes 47v; ger brik iledbes 47v; iles iledk

2r; aliba iles l iledk 24v, 42v; nom buyan iledk-d sayin 60v; taulai iledki 8v, 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; kiline iledki a( 17r; amin saki(ulsun

iledki 46r; qooritu iles iledki-dr sayin bui 15v; sarayin inede iledteki buyu 37v.

iledbes if one produces something (48r).

iledki activity; the 2nd phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar linked with the hare of the twelve animal cycle: taulai iledki

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

iledgi the performer [of the rites of the fearsome ones]: iled-dgi kmn 39r.

iles [pl. of ile]; deeds; rites: iles 60v; itn barildaqui iles 1v; iles iledk 2r; erkedr

oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r; qooritu iles iledki-dr sayin bui 15r; amurling(ui iles

keyibes 18r; usun-u iles iledbes 19r; ma(u iles iledbes 19r; dayisun(-i) daruqu iles

1012
GLOSSARY

iledbes 23v, 26v, 31r; aliba iles (l) iled- 24v, 37r, 42v; iles iledbes 26r; yampar ba

iles iledbes 31v; do(id-un iles 32r; do(id-un iles iledbes 35v; ma(ui udusq-a

ma(ui iles 33v; daru(ulqui-yin iles iledbes 35v; qutu( oroi(ulqu iles 38r; (aliba)

do(in iles iledbes 38r, 39r, 39r; do(in iles buu iled 38r; do(in iles 40r, 45r;

amurling(ui sayin iles buu iled 41v; sayin iles buu iled 41v, 48v; (ayila(daqu iles 42r;

qamu( ma(u iles ayilaqu 42v; (aliba) sayin iles iledbes 43r, 44v, 44v; buyan-du sayin

iles iledbes 45r; buyan-du iles buu iled 45r; kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r; qan

kmn iles btk 45v; busu-ber ndr btk iles sayin 45v; buliyan qula(ai-u [=yin]

iles 46r; aliba iles sedbes 46v; aliba iles buu iled 48r; iles btk 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v;

aliba iles btk 50r, 50r; (abiy-a-du iles btk 50r; aliba iles egn-ee ayila(daqu 58v;

iles sedbes 61r; ndr btgek iles sayin 61r; iiten tbidk iles sayin 61r;

amurling(ui iles sayin 61r; dayisun-i daruqu iles-i iledbes 29r; dayisun-i daruqu iles-i

egn-lge [n]kibes 42v; aliba iles-i tegn-ee ayila(daqui 43r; sayin iles-i igerle 59r;

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui iles-d 46r; abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; iles-tr 25v;

yabuqu sa(uqu iles-dr sayin 23v; aq-a kmn- iles-dr sayin 30r; do(id-un iles-tr

sayin 34v; ede iles-dr ma(u 35v; ede iles-dr sayin 36r; yertin-yin iles-dr adali busu

bolai 38r; do(in iles-dr sayin 41v; aliba do(in qata(uu iles-dr sayin 45r; amurling(ui

iles-dr ma(u 45r; aida-yin iles-dr sayin 45v; nasun urtu bolqu iles-tr sayin 45v; qutu(

(uyuqui iles-dr sayin 45v; ergki iles-dr sayin 46r; amurling(ui delgereki-yin erke-yin

iles-dr sayin 46r; adu(usun gki iles-dr sayin 46r; olgiqui iles-dr sayin 46r; qoor

neyileglki iles-dr sayin 46r; aliba iles-dr sayin 47r, 57v; aliba iles-dr mai sayin 57v;

1013
GLOSSARY

aliba iles-dr ma(u 48r; aliba do(in iles-dr sayin 61v; l tbidk iles-dr sayin 61v;

buyantu iles-dr sayin 61v; iles-n sayin ma(u 46r.

iles sedbes if one devises deeds (61r).

iles iledbes if one performs rites (26r).

grke- to act pompously: okid grkeki a( bui 15r

ker ox; one of the twelve animals: ker sara 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui

bgetel-e ker sara-dur arban tabungei 3v; ding ker sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; in ker sara

7v; ki ker sara 7v; ii ker sara 7v; Tbedn-dr ker sar-a 19r; ker a( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding ker a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v; in ker a( 7v; ki ker a( 7v; ii ker

a( 7v; ker (edr) 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r, 37r,

37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; ker il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; ker ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v; ker ilten

54r, 54v; ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v],

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; itgen-

eke ker (aar-a 9r; ker unu(san 5r; qoyar yaba(an ker unu(sun [. . .] kmn 4v; ker-n

ger nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san 11r; nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui

sar-a bui 11r; ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r; ker sur(abasu 28v; ker abubasu

31v; tariyan taribasu ker ky 34r; nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen

ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v; Qulu(an-a ker-lu(-a [=ker-lge] Nara Saran

1014
GLOSSARY

'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu 46r; noqai ilt-yi kert buu g 54v; ker-n 59r; ker

sar-a mn- tula. ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn iddlan idemi 19r; ker-n sn mr

(arbasu ma(u 49r.

ker abubasu if one takes an ox (31v).

ker a( Ox hour: 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding ker a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v;

in ker a( 7v; ki ker a( 7v; ii ker a( 7v.

ker (edr) Ox day: 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r,

37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v,

9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v], 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

ker (aar Ox place: itgen- eke ker (aar-a 9r.

ker il Ox year: 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; ker

ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v;ker ilten 54r, 54v.

ker sara Ox month: 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e ker sara-dur

arban tabungei 3v; ding ker sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; in ker sara 7v; ki ker sara 7v; ii

ker sara 7v; Tbedn-dr ker sar-a 19r.

ker sur(abasu if one trains an ox (28v).

ker-n ger the house of the ox; Taurus; the 4th sign of the zodiac: nara ker-n ger-dr

oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r.

1015
GLOSSARY

ker-n sn the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to the

Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice (Schlegel, 1967:

492): ker-n sn mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

k- to die: kbes 28v, 29r, 30r; kmn kbes 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v,

41v; nara sara kbes 27r, 32r; qorin naiman nasun-a ese kbes iran nasulayu 61v;

kgsen-dr buyan iledbes 22v, 29v; kgsen-tr tlii gbes 29r; okin kmn kgsen-i

sonostaqu 57v; teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu 31r; kgsen kmn 24v;

kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes 26v; kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r; kgsen kmn-

yasun tleki 27r; kgsen kmn-d(r) buyan iledbes 31r, 32r; kgsen kmn-i

[=kmn-] yasun (ar(abasu 35v; kgsen kmn-e ya(um-a kibes 44r; amidu ba kgsen

qoyar-un ile 29v; kk edr 27v; kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r;

ulus-un noyan kk 27v; usun-dur kk aya(atu bui 31r; ein inu kk 35r; ereg-n

noyan kk 40r; beri ba(ul(abasu kk 40r; kmn kk 40r, 41r; irken met amara(

kbegn kk 42r; bey-e inu kk 50r, 50r; ede kk beri bui ma(u 52r; em-e abubasu

qa(aiqu kk ma(u bui 53r; arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk mai ma(u edr bui

53v; qan kmn tr kk odun 59r; kmn kk ger baribasu 60r; a(u qono(-du kk

60r; telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r; degerkei sedkilten kmi 28v;

kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l okildun bo(ou kmi 30v; (aar kdelbes usun

elbeg bolu amitan usun-dur kmi 31v; kmn ky 26r, 43r; ir(u(an kmn ky 25r;

1016
GLOSSARY

kbegn trbes eige inu ky 29v; ker ky 34r; morin (inu) ky 34r, 35r; burqan-u

ein mese-dr ky 34v

kbes if one dies (28v, 29r, 30r).

kger corpse: kger qara arudasun odun 59r; kger-i nomo(adqabasu 46v; kger-n

qan ada adalamui 26r; kger-n snesn 35v; kger-n yasun asabasu 36v; kger-n

abdara kibes 37r; kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v.

kger-n abdara kibes if one makes a coffin for a corpse (37r).

kgr-n idkd the demons of a corpse; cf. Mostaert DO, 548b and MMAD, 35, n. 92;

kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v.

kger-n idkd-i darubasu if one suppresses the demons of a corpse (48v).

kger-n yasun asabasu if one treats the bones of a corpse (36v).

kgsed the dead; those who have died: kgsed-dr buyan iledbes 21v, 25v, 30v;

kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r; kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu tlii gbes 28v; kgsed-n

nom 60v.

kgsed-dr buyan iledbes if one performs meritorious deeds for the dead; this refers

to the buyani, the one assigned to care for the corpse when someone dies; (see RRS, 603);

kgsed-dr buyan iledbes 21v, 25v, 30v.

kgsed-dr tlii g- to offer a commemoration for the dead; see RRS, 616; kgsed-dr

tlii buu g 26r.

1017
GLOSSARY

kgsed-n nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary text.

See the term kgsed, a plural form of kgsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Srkzi 1989: 320]).

kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu tlii gbes if one takes out the bones of the dead or

offers a commemoration for the dead (28v).

kl death: kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; kln een 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; ker kln een 8r; kl-n na(idar 30v; kl-n segl 41r; kl-n segl

tasulbasu 32r; kl-n segl l tasuriyu 34r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui 46r;

kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; kl-n yasun ek ile 57r; Burvabalguni

irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v.

kln een [S. yama; Tib. gshin rje]; the lord of death; Erlig, Tib. gshin rje, for Yama, ruler

of the underworld, is also known as kln ejin "Lord of Death"; see ODT, 82; kln een

9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

kl-n segl tasulbasu if one cuts the tail of death (32r).

lde- to expel; exorcize an evil spirit: eliy-e ldebes 27r.

le- to remain, be left over (e.g., of mathematics): ligsen-i [=legsen-i] saban sara

bolumui 5r; ligsen [=legsen] ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes 6v; ir(u(an edr lemi 6v,

6v, 6v.

l sedk non-devising; associated with sara-yin (al and perhaps also with tngri-yin (al,

it refers to days which are not good for any activity (Cornu 1997: 212); l sedk 8r, 9r, 10r,

11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 47v.

1018
GLOSSARY

ndsn [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud]; tantra (Lessing, 1191); roots (i.e. of plants); origin, basis:

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur 1v; Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; ebesn- ndsn kkemi 2r; Banjar dakini-yin ndsn 3r; (aar-tur qamu(

nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r; Keriy-e-yin ndsn-dr nomla(san 56v; Jagr-a sambura-yin

ndsn-ee . . . okiyabai 2v; ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r; ndsn- yosu(ar

37v; ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v.

ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( the planets sympathetic to the various parts of

rituals; the context here suggests the reckoning of the positions of the planets in order to find

the appropriate conditions for ritual practice; nigleski (compassion, sympathy) is the second

of the four boundless states which comprise one of the seven parts (geign) of tantric ritual

(ndsn), (cf. Lessing, p. 1178, 1170, 1191); ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r.

negen fox: negen 59r; negen met ma(u 27v.

nemleki [S. paramrtha; Tib. don dam pa]; truth; refers to the Buddhist doctrine of

absolute or supreme truth, as opposed to conventional or esoteric truth (ina(ungki) (Lessing,

1192): nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa 1v.

nen truth; true; truly: nen nom-un krdn 13r; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(oladaqui 24v.

nesn ash: modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v.

niy-e cow: niyen- 59r.

r-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: ai r-e inu l bty 4r; ai r-e inu mai

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu

1019
GLOSSARY

mai sayin bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v; ai r-e btk 46r; r-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; r-e tariyan gbes 30r; r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

29v, 32r; r-e sauqui 45v; r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-

tei bol(a(i odun 33r; r-e-gei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i 33r, 33v; r-e

tasulu(i (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; r-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; r-e inu

l bayimui 34v; r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r; r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; r-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; r-e mal delgerek sayin 52r; r-e uqa( 52r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun

33r; to(an-u a'i r-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggi iglbe 1v; ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

r-e saubasu if one scatters seed (21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r).

r-e sadun relatives: r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r; r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; r-e

sadun delgereged 52v.

r-e tariyan produce (i.e. of agriculture): r-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; r-e

tariyan gbes 30r

r-e tariyan gbes if one gives produce (30r).

r-e gei (kmn) a man without progeny: r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r; r-e-

gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun 33r; r-e-gei bol- 52v, 52v.

r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu if one takes out the bones of a person without

descendants (27r).

1020
GLOSSARY

rgli seig [Ch. wang nian qing; L. Rhodea Japonica]; the everlasting flower; so named

because it remains ever green; a marvelous plant in Chinese culture (cf. Dor, vol. 5, 1966:

732): qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r.

rglide always: rglide 52v; saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin

ma(u ai r-e inu l bty 4r; egride-yin uiral-iyar rglide ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r.

sken (qur-a) drizzle (see Mostaert, DO, 764a); sken qur-a oromui 11r; sken qur-a-yin

a( 14r; boro(an orobasu sken bolqu 61r.

s(n) hair: ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r; (urban

odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r; ker-n sn mr (arbasu

ma(u 49r; sn kir(abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v; sn x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r;

ede a(tur sn-i samla 51r; nigen kmn sn-iyen ayidu 24r.

sn kir(abasu if one cuts ones hair (57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r).

sg letter; written grapheme; writing: qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r; ari-

narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; ula(an sg bui 47v; do(in edrn

belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r; ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v; qara

ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v; ginggang idei erik edrn

belge qara ging sg bui 20v; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v.

1021
GLOSSARY

vair [S. vajra; Tib. rdo-rje; Mong. dorji]; vajra, thunderbolt; a guru's weapon, symbolic of

the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter); (cf. Waddell, 27; ODT, 23); naiman ayima( i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r; drben odun-

u dri vair met bui 31r; vair 38r arimdu( vair 38r.

Vima Vima is perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW, 979). In the manual there appears

to be two forms of Vima, one female, Queen Vima, daughter of heaven, known by the

nakshatra, Hasta, and another male, the supreme lord known as Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

Vim-a [39v]); the apparent Mongolian translation of Vima is found in an interrogative section

of the the Naran-u jirken neret sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; S. Sryagarbhastra), a

source cited by the manual, in the form tngri-yin kin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 532; see also

Bawden, "Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen," p. 327): bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a

neret qatun buyu 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a

neret qoyar odun bui 32v; Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; Vim-a neret qatun

Qasta buyu 34r; tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-

aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein qa(an kemegdey 39v.

vimading ? a celestial palace and star spirit: vimading kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin

49v.

yaba(an smallish: qoyar yaba(an ker 4v.

yabuqui odun the wandering stars, i.e., the sun, moon and planets: gara( ba yabuqui odun

bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v.

1022
GLOSSARY

ya(as/yaa(-a [Tib. gnod sbyin; S. yaksha; Mong. qoor gggi]; a class of demigods,

guardians of riches attendants of the god of wealth (Bisman-Kubera), sometimes described

as evil (Lessing, 1172); cf. also RRS, 663; Waddell, 84; Cornu, 252; ODT, 32; Usun odun

kemebes yaa(-a-un [=yaa(-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( bky-yin tula. usun inar bui 22v;

ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v, 38v.

ya(um-a kibes if one makes something (44r).

ya(un ba abubasu if one takes anything whatsoever (25r, 28v).

yal-a punishment: qula(ai kibes yal-a-dur oroqu 41r.

yal-a yangqa crime: yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23r.

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu if one investigates a crime (23r).

yama(-a/yama(an/ima(an goat: qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v; yama(an-u eber 21v;

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli e 42v; ima(an-u 59r; ima(an-u terign met 59v.

Yang Gung-ii [=Yang Gung-yii] Yang Gungyi; Mostaert identifies Yang Gung yii in H.

A. Giles, A Chinese Biographical Dictionary, 1898, p. 909, as Iang Koung i, a celebrated

astronomer (1225-1294) (MMAD, 34, n. 91); see also Heissig and Bawden, 1971: 164 (ang

kg kemek edr); arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek anu 47r.

yar-a sore; scab; ulcer: yar-a arq-a bolqu 50r.

yasu(n) bone: qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki met 59v;

yasutu menekey-yin krmeli 60r; kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 30v, 35v;

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr 27r; kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu 28v; yasun (ar(abasu

1023
GLOSSARY

30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v; yasun buu (ar(-a ((ar(abasu) 33v, 34r, 43r, 55r;

kmn- yasun bulabasu 32r; kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis

buyu 33v; qa(uin kger-n yasun asabasu 36v; eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

kmn- yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r; yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v; kl-

n yasun ek ile bolqu 57r; mr ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v.

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu if one sets out bones or a dorma; yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu 55v.

yasun (ar(abasu if one takes out bones (30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v).

yegd- to move to/away from smth.: gertr yegdk edr 6r.

yegdke- to change ones place of living: gertr yegdkeki-dr 6r; l yegdken 7r.

yeke great; big: yeke 13r; a(ui yeke 1v; a(ui yeke na(idar 25v; (aq-a) yeke kmn 4v,

57v; yeke sar-a 51v, 53r; ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a 6v; sara yeke bges 51v, 51v,

51v, 52v, 60r; saras-un yeke ken-i irek bges 7r; yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen buyan-

tu sara 8r; yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; yeke salkin bolqu

14r, 15r; yeke kiten- a( 17r; yeke qara edr 41v, 41v; yeke qara edrn belge 20v; yeke

erket iroy-yin inar 24r; yeke ud bolumui 25v; yeke kimor-du 26r, 26v, 27r; yeke (aar 27r;

qaram sedkil yeke 27v; yeke kii kdelk 27v; yeke na(adum 28v; yeke beligt 30r, 31v;

qaram yeke biligt 31r; yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v; ker yeke ge glemi 32v; yeke

ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v; o(tu yeke a(an 33v, 34r; yeke amatu 33v;

yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr 34v; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; adistid yeke bolumui 37v,

38r; qoor qoromi yeke boluyu 38r; qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ai r-e inu mai yeke

1024
GLOSSARY

bol[u]yu 38r; yeke i(ul(an 38v; ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber 39r; yeke kt

40r, 46r; yeke tr baribasu 41v; yeke negdel yabubasu 41v; (ai qari yeke bolqu 47v; yeke

erger-d bolumui 47v; yeke ma(u 50r; yeke sayin 50r, 53r, 54v; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul

50v; tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-d bui 55v; yeke bayasqulang bolqu 56r, 56r;

tusa yeke bolqu 56v; (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57r, 57v; yeke sun-a odun 59r; yeke (arul(-a-u

59v.

yeke klge the Greater Vehicle, Mahyna Buddhism: yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr 34v.

yeke qara edr [Tib. nyi-ma nag-chen]; the great black day; this is an especially bad day

when various demons, Rhula in particular, run; (cf. TEDP 133): 41v, 41v;yeke qara edrn

belge 20v.

yeke sar-a a great month, i.e., a month with a full thirty days; contrast ba(-s sara and

ken sar-a: yeke sar-a 51v, 53r; ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a 6v; sara yeke bges

51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; saras-un yeke ken-i irek bges 7r.

yeke sun-a odun ?: 59r.

yeke tngri great god; said to be a Mongolian deity absorbed into Buddhism (cf. Waddell,

372, n. 2); yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

yender platform; for the use of the platform in ritual, see RRS, 78; qota yender baribasu

42v.

yile year; written not as Mongolian il; the use of Manchu initial y is not found in

Mongolian orthography before the 19th century and in the case of this term its use is not

1025
GLOSSARY

justified by the spoken language; cf. ile in the Erdeni Tobi (Sa(ang Secen 1991: 102-103):

a yii [=i] yile 7v; ii geng yile 7v; bing in yile 7v; ding im yile 7v; uu gi yile 7v.

yilig [?Uy. yilig]; hot, warm (Clauson 1972: 925); yilig 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 12v,

13v, 16v.

yirtin the world; the earth: yirtin-tekin- obalang 2v; yirtin-teki ng bilig 1v;

yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; yirtin-teki arsalan quraimui 14r; yirtin-teki<n>

okid jgrkeki a( 15r; yirtin-teki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r;

yirtin-teki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r; yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt

bolumui 18r; yirtin-deki aliba sayin iles iledbes 44v; yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un

kgemei bolumui 13r; yirti[n]-yi ebdegi 39v; yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil

trmi 12r; yirtin-yin iles 38r.

yokibani [S. ?]; ? bow for the completion of: na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

yosu(n) custom, doctrine, system: ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r; Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi

ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal inu tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban

sar-a bolumui 3v; nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r; yosun medeki

mergen 56v; to(an-u yosun-dur qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medek kereg 3r;

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a egdeki buyu 2v; bgde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu

bol(an ebes 4r.

yosu(ar according to the custom, rule or law: yosu(ar 32v; iroi odun-iyar ekilegsen-

yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v; Enedk[e]g-

n yosu(ar 2v, 2v; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki terigten Kitad-un

1026
GLOSSARY

to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret

sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; arban qoyar itn

barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee Nagajun-a-yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai

2v; il kiged naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui ba. qami(-a

sa(uqui terigten-i Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; Banjar dakini-yin ndsn

kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr

inelemi 3r; yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer

nereyidk inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada. ene yosu(ar egdek 3r; qan tayii timed

yosu(ar odu 21v; ndsn- yosu(ar 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben

maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45v; agabud-iyan

yosu(ar 56v.

yuu sui [Ch. yu rain; Ch. shui water]; constant rain; the second of the twenty-four joints

and breaths, occurring about February 19 to March 4; when the day begins at 6:53 a.m. and

ends at 6:14 p.m. (see Mathews 7662.16 [p. 1147] and Palmer, 66); ene on uu [=yuu] sui 7r.

1027
 SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Subject Guide:

MATHEMATICS

Number

DIVINATION AND MAGIC

Elements

Color

Trigrams

Omen Protases

MEDICINE

THE SPIRIT WORLD: DEMONS AND DEITIES

BUDDHIST RITUAL AND LAW

ASTRONOMY/URANOGRAPHY

ORIENTATION

TIME RECKONING

WEATHER

AGRICULTURE

Animal Husbandry

Farming

Hunting and Fishing

PERSONAL NAMES

1028
SOURCES/REFERENCES

CULTURE

Burial and Death

Marriage

People

MATERIAL CULTURE

Books and Writing

Food and Drink

Implements

Metals

Structures

Waterworks

GEOGRAPHY

LANGUAGE

Foreign transcriptions

Uncertain terms

MILITARY

MUSIC

LIFE SCIENCE

Anatomy

Animals

Plants

1029
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

MATHEMATICS/ASTROLOGY

doto(adu to(-a internal mathematics, one of the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Klacakratantra (cf. Cornu 1997: 25-26): (ada(adu

doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v.

erdem knowledge, learning; science; skill, art, ability; wisdom; virtue; merit: erdem

sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r; biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; erdem bilig kiged

nom-un il-dr duratai buyu 25v; odun erdem-<y>i to(olabasu 60v.

erdem bilig wisdom: erdem bilig kiged nom-un il-dr duratai buyu 25v.

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Klacakratantra (cf. Cornu 1997: 25-30); (ada(adu

doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v.

(urban to(-a the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external, internal and secret, according

to the Klacakratantra (cf. Cornu 1997: 25-26); (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v.

(urban a( 1v, 1v.

il(al classification; see BTD, 1995: 322, #4600 ff.; SE I, 219; ndsn- geign-i

nigleski gara( ba edr-n ileg duta(uu odun na(idar-un krdn qono(-un (urban il

il(al terigten-i medegdek 2r; qariqui ba. abqu gegeki-yin il(al 2v; ma(u il(al 56v; a(-un

il(al-<y>i medesgei 5r; sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v.

iruqai n. line, design; mathematics, calculation; astrology (Lessing 1062); matrix. In the

manual iruqai refers to mathematics as the art of the matrix, ari(un gegen-e iruqai-dur tegi

okiyabai 2v, biqar qangin-u iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(idar 26r, iruqai to(alabasu 31v; the

1030
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

term also refers to a symbol, kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui

20r, tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v; isn iruqai refers to the nine square

divination form (Tib. sme-ba dgu, Ch. jiu gong), isn iruqai ene met iruyu 42v.

kem limit; measure: edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r.

ni(ua (to(-a) secret mathematics; one of the three kinds of mathematics, i.e., external,

internal and secret, according to the Klacakratantra (cf. Cornu 1997: 25-26); (ada(adu

doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v.

oron branch of learning: tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari 1v.

qubiya- to divide: urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an 5v; nigen

edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu. egni arban qoyar a(tur qubiyau amui 6r.

sau(u/sau(uu equal; equally: nigen dusul bolumui. tere kemebes tngri-nern nigen

amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu bolumui 5v; edr sni sau(u bol- 5v, 10r, 16r; qoyar deb-dr edr

sni sau(uu bolu(san 6r; kbegn trbes Jaarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu boluyu 26v;

yabudal inu nara sara-lu(-a saa(u yabumui 55r; eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin tula. nigen da(un (arumui 5r.

tabun oron the five sciences; Buddhist sciences are categorized into five major disciplines,

grammar, logic, metaphysics, medicine, and craftsmanship (art) and five minor sciences,

mathematics (astrology), poetics, prosody, synonymics and drama (Lessing, 1180; TEDP, 11);

tabun oron 1v.

1031
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

teng [Ch. deng/teng (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893))]; equal; Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un

bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r.

to(-a/to(an number; reckoning; mathematics, astrology: to(-a kiged to(an-u a'i r-e 1v;

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v; teyin bged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r; Manjuari

bodis[n]g in qara Kitad-un oron-dur to(-a terigten-i eglgi buyu 2r; qara Kitad-un

to(-a 2r; arban qoyar sarayin to(-a 2v; arban qoyar itn barildaqui to(-a 2v; yer ede to(-a

to(alaqui inu 4r; sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg 4v; biig to(-a sur(abasu 23r, 23v, 56v; biig

to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegsbe 31r; to(-a to(alabasu 31v; odun-u to(-a 59v; to(-a kiged to(an-u a'i r-e 1v; to(an-

u yosun 3r.

to(ain mathematician: (qara) Kitad-un to(ain-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v; Kitad-un to(oin-u Bus sar-a 3r.

to(ala- to count, reckon: krgen-ee b to(ala 51v, 51v; sara yeke bges krgen-ee jb

to(ala. 60r; sara ba(-a bges egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r; saban sar-a-yi l meden

rglide to(alabasu 4r; nigen on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au to(alabasu 6v; arban qoyar

sar-a-i ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au to(alabasu 6v; to(-a to(alabasu 31v;

iruqai to(alabasu 31v; urbalgegi-e to(ala(daqui 5v; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau 5r; ebln

dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau 5v; (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r;

odun na(idar-yi to(alaqu gei-yin tulada 4r; nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa

qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui 1v; Kitad to(alaqui astir 2r; usun-iyar qono(

1032
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v; yer ede to(-a to(alaqui inu 4r; to(alaqui inu 5r; mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r; dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebes

5r; biqar qangin-u iruqai-dur to(alaqui na(idar 26r; qubi to(alaqui-dur 5v; nigen qono(-i

a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun inu 6r; (olomta-aa b to(ola 51v; sara yeke bges

er-e-ee b to(ola 51v; sara yeke bges kgn-ee b to(ola 52v; er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa

b to(ola 52v; ba(urai-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; okin-aa

buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bges em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v; sara ba(-a bges

buru(u to(ola 52v; iroi odun-iyar ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; odun erdem-yi

to(olabasu 60v; inelegsen-ee ekilen to(olau 2v; kmn ba yer qamu( amitan-i to(alau

55r; qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse 38r.

to(alal counting, reckoning: bgde-yin to(alal 4r.

tokiyaldu- to coincide with something: busud anu tokiyaldubasu l bolumui 60r; saran-

lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; yer Sua( sar-a

terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u

tulada 3r; ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r; sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il

tokiyaldumui 7r; nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun edge ene on-u qubi

sarayin nigen inide tokiyaldumui 7r; geyireglgi qara edr kemebes yeke qara edr-lu(-

a [=edr-lge] m tokiyaldumui 41v; ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a

tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r.

tokiyaldu(ul- to harmonize, make agree, match: ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ulu 5r;

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu (belgelemi) 18r, 19r; qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a

1033
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek krdn ene bui 21r; okin-i

bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui egni sayitur tokiyaldu(ulu medegdeki 51r; ede okin-u

il bui tokiyaldu(ulu egdeki 51r; ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r; Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v.

uira-/uara to meet, occasion: uirabasu 47v; ma(u aran-lu(-a uirabasu 22v; odun

na(idar uirabasu 37v; qoyar iroi uirabasu 45v; taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu 46v;

Usun odun uirabasu gergi olqu 46v; Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uirabasu 46v;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar noqai edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker

edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar luu edr uirabasu ma(u

46v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai

2v; lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r; kon-dur uira(san beri 54r; ken-dr uira(san beri

54r; kam-dur uira(san beri 54r; gin-dr uira(san beri 54r; jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar

tata(ci beri 54v; sn-dr uira(san beri 54v; aqa deg qoyar kmn uirau i(au ggmi

25v; l uiraqu uiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; qola (aar-a mr (arbasu buliyan

qula(ai-lu(-a uiraqu 47v; a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dr uiraqu 58r;

qurim-dur uiraqu 58r; qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu

delgereki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; usu iroi

qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r; (al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r;

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu

uaral 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n

uiral bui 46r; Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu dayisun-i ayul bolqu 46r;

1034
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Usun Altan odun uarabasu ai r-e btk 46r; Modun odun uarabasu nom kiged buyan

keig delgerek 46v; Baras morin noqai (aqai ede edd-t aliba odud uarabasu sayin 46v;

Margaar Ardar qoyar qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; uara(san bges altan gerel ungi

42v; darasun idegen uaram 50r; aman-tur ge da(un uaram 52v; okin trbes erketen-dr

uaraqu 26v; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; ola uaraqu 49v; dayisun

uaraqu 49v; ksel uaraqu 49v; idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r; idegen qurim uaraqu 50r, 50r;

qula(ai-du uaraqu 50r; ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r; idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r; ebedin-

d(r) uaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; bariy-a kriy-

e-d uaraqu 50r; idegen-d uaraqu 50r; ada-du uaraqu 50r.

uiral/uaral meeting; occasion; fate; circumstances: edr-n odun-u sayin uiral 38r;

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r; (al iroi qoyar

uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui 46r; odun il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r; egride-yin uiral-iyar

rglide ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r; kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; l uiraqu

uiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; l okiqu uiral-iyar r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui

olgiqui iles-dr sayin 46r; tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r; edr-lu(-a

[=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; odun ba

na(idar-un uaral 2v; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu

44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v;

1035
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r; qoyar iroi uirabasu

idei btki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu

delgereki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; (al kei

qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r;

usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu uaral 46r; beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene

bui 52r; na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v; ene uaral-i sayitur

igdeki 46r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r; idi

btki-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v; raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v;

delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen

bty 45v; kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; odun na(idar tusbri sayin bges

ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui 46r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v;

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin ma(u-i

jek krdn ene bui 21r; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au

biisgei 48r.

uqa(-a/uqa(an [S. vidy]; knowledge, a branch of learning, discipline; see Cerensodnom

and Taube (1993: 225a): (urban a(-un uqa(-a 1v; (urban a(-i uqa(-a inaru ir(alang-yi

ksebes 1v; uqa(an sur(abasu 23v, 23v.

urbal gei invariably: urbalgegy-e to(ala(daqui 5v.

le- to remain, be left over (e.g., of mathematics): ligsen-i [=legsen-i] saban sara

bolumui 5r; ligsen [=legsen] ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes 6v; ir(u(an edr lemi 6v,

6v, 6v.

1036
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

NUMBER

nigen one: nigen 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 5v,

5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 20v, 20v, 22v, 23r, 24r, 24r,

24v, 26v, 28v, 28v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 34r,

34r, 36v, 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v,

48r, 48r, 51r, 52r, 54v, 55r, 56r, 56r, 59r, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 60v, 60v, 60v; nigen in-e 2r,

8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; inein nigen 41v;

nigen edr 22r, 42r; Nigen sar-a 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v.

niiged/neiged [=nieged] one each; one by one: neiged neiged/niiged niiged 6r, 6r;

edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v; niiged niiged gertr

yegdk 6r; edr niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r; ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged

odun bui. niiged gara( bui. niiged gara(-lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui 33r.

qoiyad two each: nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu tende

qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; tegni qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i

to(alaqu gey-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememi 3v.

qoya(ula both: bombo aq-a deg qoya(ula i(au ggmi 26r.

qoyar two: qoyar 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 26v, 37v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v,

1037
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

46v, 46v, 55v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v; qoyar yaba(an

ker 4v; qoyar il 5r; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v; qoyar qubi 5v; qoyar deb 6r, 6r;

nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 2r; Qoyar sara 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r,

41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r,

60v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr 6v; qoyitu qoyar il 7r; qoyar in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; inein qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v; qoyar qara dusul 20v, 43r;

qoyar kmn 23r, 26r, 41r; aqa deg qoyar (kmn) 25v, 26r, 30r; qoyar ger 23r; qoyarba

drben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen kbegn 24v; qoyar aya(an 27r; qoyar

odun 32v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; qoyar odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v; qoyar

odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r; qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r; qoyar

odun-u dri inu tergen met bui 31v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v;

deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a neret qoyar odun bui 32v; Mahauvari tngri kiged

Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r; qoyar iroi uirabasu

45v; qoyar usu uarabasu 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu 45v; usu iroi

qoyar uarabasu 46r; (al kei qoyar uarabasu 46r; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar

uarabasu 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu 46r; qoyar sayiqan

kbegn trmi 52v; qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu 54v; qoyar ker ilt uru(

uqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ilt uru( cgen bayan sayin 54v; qoyar taulai ilt

kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v; qoyar mo(ai ilt

kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar morin ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar qonin

1038
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ilt uru( olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar bein ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v; qoyar takiy-a

ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad keregri ma(u 54v; qoyar noqai ilt kbegn gen

keregri ma(u 54v; qoyar (aqai ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin bui 54v; tngri-yin Vim-a

neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medek kereg 3r; edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged

neiged mi-ber nemek 5v; qoyar-du aliba iles l iledk 24v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli(

nom medek bolumui 37v; terign gedesn qoyar-tu beri ab 55v; amidu ba kgsen qoyar-un

ile-dr sayin 29v; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v.

(urba(ad three by three: (urba(ad (urba(ad 3v

(urba(ula three together (26r).

(urban three: (urban 27r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 43r, 51v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 60r; (urban a( 1v, 1v; (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua

(urban to(-a 1v; (urban il 46r; qono(-un (urban il 2r; (urban il 3r, 4r, 42r, 58v, 58v;

(urban on 6v; 'urban sar-a/sara 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v; qaburun (urban sara 42r,

42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

sara 42r, 42r, 55r; (urban adqu 6r; (urban in-e 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v;

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; (urban nidt drbelin 20v, 44r; (urban edr 24r, 38r; (urban

odun 26r, 26v, 27r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 32r, 32r, 56v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v;

(urban kmn 28v; (urban kl 32r; (urban (urban-du ma(u 37v; (urban sayin (urban

1039
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dumda. (urban es 46r; (urban krdn 48v, 51v; (urban tib 55r; (urban-a 44r; (urban

(urban-du ma(u 37v.

drben four: drben 27r, 38r, 39v; nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben

qono( tasuraqui 3v; nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; qulu(an-a

a(-un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu drben mi mana(ar-un

edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v; drben in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; inein drben 44v; arban

drben 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r, 39v, 40v, 40v, 41v,

47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56v; qorin drben 6r, 6v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 39v, 41v, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 55v; (uin

drben 8r, 12r, 14r, 18r; Drben sar-a 11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur. Drben

sar-a 11r; drben kmn 27r, 31r; drben odun 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r; drben odun-u

dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v; drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r; drben odun-u dri inu

segl met bui 30r; drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v; drben odun-u dri

vair met bui 31r; drben ekin sara 38r; drben terign sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; drben

dumdadu sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 49r; drben dumda sara 48v; drben es sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v,

49r; qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v; drben imnus-ud 38v; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; qulu(an-a ker-lu(-a Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu 46r; drben drben ma(u 48v; drben obkis 54r, 54r;

1040
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v; beri-yin drben ilmus 52r; qa(ailtu drben edr anu

59r; drben a(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edr bolai 59v; drben r-e tasura(san odun

kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r; drben tan odun kemebes

Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg

istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun

drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun

qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v; drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v; drben

es odun-dur qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui 61v; ed mal ibqarabasu qoyarba drben ba

ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu 24v; drben-e 38r, 55v,

56r; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e 38v; nr drben-d kmn 24v.

tabu(n) five: tabun 37v, 40r, 56v, 56v, 60r, 60r, 60v; tabun oron 1v; tabun gara( 2r; tabun

il 3v; tabun in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v. 19v, 39r, 39v,

40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; Tabun sara 12r, 12r, 37v,

38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v; tabun kmn 22r, 24r, 26v, 43r; tabun edr 22r; tabun quya(-du kmn 23v; tabun

odun 25v, 28r, 30v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r; in-e-yin (inein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r,

56v; tabun dakini 49v; tabun qalqala(i 60r; tabun maqabud 61r; tabun-a 38r, 55v.

ir(u(an six: ir(u(an 25r; qamtudqui-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it 2r; ir(u(an ere

sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r;

ir(u(an qono( tasura- 3r, 3r; qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a 3v; ir(u(an amisqaqui 5v;

1041
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ir(u(an sar-a 5v; ir(u(an qono( 5v; ir(u(an tediken qubi 5v; edr ir(u(an a( 5v; sni

ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v; ir(u(an qubi 6r, 6r; ir(u(an edr 26v; ir(u(an edr lemi 6v,

6v, 6v; ir(u(an edr-yi nigedbes nigen saban sara bolumui 6v; ir(u(an yeke (sar-a) 6v;

ir(u(an ken sar-a 6v; ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni

(uin drben qubi 8r; sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi 13r; sni qorin

ir(u(an qubi 14r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi 18r; sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r; ir(u(an orod

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; ir(u(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v,

50v, 50v; inein ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r; ir(u(an sara 13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r,

41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; ir(u(an

kmn 25r, 25r, 26r; ir(u(an odun 25r, 27r, 27v, 29v, 59v, 59v; ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v,

33v; ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r; ir(u(an na(idar 56v; ir(u(an-a 39v, 55v;

ir(u(an-a 43r; ir(u(an-a tarqamui 38r.

dolo(an seven: dolo(an 56v; nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr

dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr

dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-

<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r; Dolo(an (sar-a) 14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur

Dolo(an sar-a 14r; qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-

1042
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

un sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn

50v; dolo(an odun 59v; dolo(an ba ese bges isn qono(-tu oldayu 23r; dolo(an edr-e

oldayu 27r, 29v; dolo(an edr-d oldayu 29v; dolo(an edr oldayu 31r; ene dolo(an edr

(aar kndebes gemgei 58v; dolo(an alqu (aar-a 23v; dolo(an kmn 29r; adu(usun

ibqarabasu doron-a g-n dolo(an kmn qula(uu amu 27r; doron-a g-n modun-u

dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe

29r; rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r; umara g-n usun-u dolo(an

na(idar tegsbe 32r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan

ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar 45v; Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig

Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; dolo(an orong(-a-du

tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v; dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu]tama(-a

Udarisad buyu 34r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; im[n]us-un ila(u(san

dolo(an edr 45r; dolo(an dolo(an isn isn-e ma(u 53r; dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r;

dolo(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v; a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-

a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r; inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r; dolo(an-a 56r; drben dumdadu

1043
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sarayin (urban dolo(an-a i(ulumui 38r; yer (urban dolo(an-a beri buu ab 51v; dolo(anta

qa[]k[i]ru 21v; egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r.

Dolo(an (sar-a) the seventh month (14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an

sar-a 14r).

dolo(an in-e the seventh day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v; a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r; inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r).

naiman eight: naiman 27r, 38r; naiman ayima( 2v; naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui

qariqui 2v; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r;

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu

temeildbes 35r; naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an inu yer drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-

e i(ulumui 38r; Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-

iyer kriyelegl 38r; tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigten bgede Smber a(ula-yin

orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v; isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui bgetele

qorin isn-e sni dli tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an buyu

38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r; naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v; nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; Naiman sara 15r, 15r, 37r,

38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r,

1044
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r;

naiman il 41r; naiman odun 59v; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v; naiman ber-

n odun 60v; naiman in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v,

38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v,

56v; inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

isn nine: nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun edge ene on-u qubi sarayin

nigen inide tokiyaldumui 7r; Isn sara 16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; isn adqu iroi 22r;

isn aya(-a usun 22r; isn kmn 22r, 22v, 26r, 27v, 53v; isn ger 22v; isn qono( 23r; isn

doboa( iroi 23v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui 25r;

isn odun 26r; egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu 28v; isn il tariyan 30r, 31r; isn il ngge-

d keb-d 32v; isn gara( 32v; isn iruqai 42v; isn uil modu 50v; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-

yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r, 59r; nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi

Abiji buyu 34r; isn isn-e ma(u 53r; isn in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r; inein isn 39v, 41v, 44v; arban isn 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r; qorin isn 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 58v; qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r;

isn-e 38r, 56r; isn isn-e ma(u 53r; arban isn-e 10r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 53r, 56r; qorin

1045
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

isn-e 11r, 12r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 47v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-

ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r.

arban ten: arban 37r, 38v, 39v, 44r, 55v; arban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; ine(-yin) arban

38r, 38r, 53r, 56v, 56v, 58v; arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen

qubi bui 6r; arban alqum 6v, 6v; Arban sara 17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v; arban kmn 53v;

arban-a leyit sayin 56r.

arban nigen eleven: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v; Arban nigen sara 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

arban qoyar twelve: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v,

39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 53r, 56r, 56v; Arban qoyar

sara 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r, 6v, 7v, 32v, 41v, 60r, 60v; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar

sarayin o(tu edr 47r; arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek 47r; arban qoyar sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r; arban qoyar itn barildaqui

2v, 2v; arban qoyar a( 6r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r;

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; arban qoyar il 34r; na(idar-lu(-a

arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v; arban qoyar ein 35v; arban qoyar

1046
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

gdanm-a 38v; arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene bui 50r;

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v.

arban (urban thirteen; the thirteenth day: 2r, 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v, 56v.

arban drben fourteen; the fourteenth day: 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 38r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

56r, 56v.

arban tabun fifteen; the fifteenth day: 2r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 53r,

53r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; sni arban tabun

tediken qubi 5v; arban tabun odun 33r.

arban ir(u(an sixteen; the sixteenth day: 3r, 5v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v.

arban dolo(an seventeen; the seventeenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 44v, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56r.

arban naiman eighteen; the eighteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r

1047
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

arban isn nineteen; the nineteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

qorin twenty; the twentieth day of the month: qorin 40v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 53r; qorin nasun

61v; qorin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r,

43r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 56r.

qorin nigen the twenty-first day of the month: 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r.

qorin qoyar the twenty-second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 58v.

qorin (urban the twenty third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r.

qorin drben twenty-four; the twenty-fourth day of the month: 8r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

55v, 56r; qorin drben a(ur a(; tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr qorin

drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r.

1048
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qorin tabun the twenty-fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 37r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47v,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r, 55v, 56r.

qorin ir(u(an twenty-six; the twenty-sixth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr (uin

drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

qorin dolo(an the twenty-seventh day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 56r.

qorin naiman twenty-eight; the twenty-eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v,

44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; qorin naiman

na(idar 21r, 24v, 60v, 61r; qorin naiman odun 32v; qorin naiman nasun 61v.

qorin isn twenty-nine; the twenty-ninth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12r, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 58v; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg

qono(gei bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg bolumui

3r.

(ui(ad thirty each: ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r.

1049
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(uin thirty: (uin 40v, 41v, 44r, 53r, 53r; deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun

terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r;

Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin

qono(gei 3v; Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai

sara-dur (uingei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r;

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; (uin mi nigen qubi 5r; (uin qubi nigen

qono( 5r; (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu lemui 6v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v; Isn

sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl 38v; Arban nigen

sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl 38v; (uin-a 8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 56r, 58v.

(uin qoyar thirty-two: edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edr (uin

qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; (uin qoyar odun 59v; emegen- snesn

na(idar (uin qoyar odun dri inu ong(ua met bui 31v; (uin qoyar okin tngri 32v.

(uin drben thirty-four: edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr

(uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r.

(uin ir(u(an thirty-six: arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a

bol(au to(alabasu basa ir(u(an edr lemi. (urban on-dur (uin ir(u(an edr bolumui

6v; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr qorin drben qubi. sni (uin

ir(u(an qubi 19r

1050
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

din dolo(an forty-seven: nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges tere

sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v; din dolo(an on-du saban

gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi egdeki 6v.

iran sixty: iran da(un nigen me 5r; iran mi nigen qubi 5v; iran qubi bolbasu nigen

qono( bolumui 5v; ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r; iran nasulayu 61v, 61v.

dala(n) seventy: qorin nasun-aa nggerebes dalan nasulayu 61v.

nayan eighty: nayan nasula- 61r, 61r, 61v.

a(u(n) one hundred: a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r; a(u qono(-du kk 60r; nigen

qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r; nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi

buyu 6r; Savadai na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar 28v; nigen

kmn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i Suvadi buyu 33v;

nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i Burvabadaribad

buyu 33v; nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i

Rkini buyu 33v; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen qonin-i a(un

bol(a(i Asli( buyu 33v; nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r;

nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i Rivad'i buyu 33v; a(un amin-dur krmi

47v.

(urban a(un iran three hundred sixty (5r, 6v, 33r).

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an three hundred sixty-six (6v).

dolo(an a(un qorin seven hundred twenty: dolo(an a(un qorin a( bui 33r.

1051
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

DIVINATION AND MAGIC

abalabasu/ablabasu conv. con. 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one

hurts through magic incantations; abala- to hunt in a drive must be distinguished from abla-

to seduce; to hurt through magic; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ablabasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ablabasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is if one hunts in a drive, but perhaps the if one hurts

through magic incantations is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

ai r-e result, consequence; to(an-u a'i r-e 1v; sayin ma(u ai r-e 4r; ai r-e inu mai

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu

mai sayin bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v; ai r-e btk 46r; ai r-e-yin

uaral-iyar bolumui 46v.

ba(i a master; learned lama; conjurer; Nagajun-a ba(i 3r, 4r; ba(i kmn-i idker

bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i (odun) 33v, 33v; ba(i on-du l krk 41r; Nagajun-a ba(i-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 49v.

belge sign, symbol, attribute: belge 3v, 4v, 58r; Baras sara mn- tula belge inu baras

ula(alamui 8r; Taulai sara mn- tula belge inu modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai

mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r; Luu sara mn- tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu

dong(oddumui 10r; Morin sara mn- tula. belge inu morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge

sn giimi 12r; Qonin sara mn- tula. belge inu qonin addu(ad tar(u giiu 13r; Bein

sara mn- tula belge inu modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan

1052
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

teigemi 14r; Takiy-a sara mn- tula belge inu qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui

15r; Noqai sara mn- tula belge inu noqai quraiu [=quriau] qoiyalamui 16r; 'aqai sar-a.

mn- tula belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r; Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge

inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r; lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede

qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; belge inu gede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni 44v; raiyan edr-

n belge erdini bui 20r; belge inu degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v; o(tu edrn belge qumq-a

bui 20r; belge inu qumq-a ene bui 47r; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu

doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adasun 39r; qariqu

edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; belge inu gede qandu(san (adasun bui

39r; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; belge inu kke na(ur bui 39v;

qariqui edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; belge inu ula(an nara bui 39v; (aar-un eed

i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r;

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r; belge inu doro(i qandu(san

jindamuni ene bui 45r; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r;

belge inu doro(i qandu(san subur(-a 45r; im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara

bui 20r; belge inu qara ene bui 45r; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui

20r; belge inu tong(ori( bui 47r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; belge

inu gabala ene bui 47r; erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui

20r; qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; naiman ayima( i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; belge inu vair bui 38r; qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu(

vair bui 20r, 38r; ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; belge inu ula(an

1053
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sg bui 47v; kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r; belge inu qara jindamuni

ene bui 45r; kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r; do(in

edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r; ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v;

qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v; Bati bata gik edrn

belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v; ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v;

belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r; baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui

20v; belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r; ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui

20v; belge ene qara dusul 41v; gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui 20v; yeke

qara edrn belge inu (urbalin qara bui 20v; tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui

20v; qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v; belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui

45v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v; belge inu ala( dusul bui

43v; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; belge inu ala( debeskir bui 43r;

gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; belge inu drbeljin qara debesker

ene bui 44r; tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v;

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v; ebdegi edrn belge inu qada(ur

bui 20v; belge inu qara qada(ur 43v; (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban

nidt drbelin bui 20v; belge inu (urban nidt drbelin 44r; tleki edrn belge anu

solbi(san qara iruqai 20v; belge inu solbi(san qara iruqai 44v.

belgele- to signify, prognosticate: (aar-<y>i beleglebes 23r; qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemi 8r; qorin nigen-e r-e tariyan-u

sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; arban isn-e buuday-yin sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 10r; qorin

1054
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi 18r; qorin tabun-a sara-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belge imi [=emi] 19r.

belges [pl. or belge]; signs: ede belges-lu(-a [=belges-lge] tokiyaldu(ulu 5r.

bou( prophecy: bou( abubasu 34v.

bt- to (magically) succeed, be fulfilled, accomplished: qariyal keyibes (urban il-d l

btk 42r; ile nigen edr-d btk edr bui 42r; kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r;

do(in iles ba kt ile iledbes dtr btk 45r; qan kmn iles btk 45v; busu-

ber ndr btk iles 45v; ai r-e btk 46r; sedkil btk 46v; ksel btk 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v; ksel-iyen btk 49v, 49v; iles btk 49v, 50r, 50v;

aliba iles btk 50r, 50r; ile btk 49v, 58r; kereg btk 49v; ai( tusa btk 49v;

(abiy-a-tu iles btk 50r; sedkigsen ile btk 58r; qoyar iroi uirabasu idi btky-yin

uaral 45v; idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45vai( tusa btki 45v; qamu( ksel

btmi 38r; qariyal gegy-e btmi 39r; saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu

sayin ma(u ai r-e inu l bty 4r; idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v;

sedkigsen bty 45v.

btgi that which accomplishes; translation of Chinese cheng/cheng to accomplish; (9th

of the twelve lords of the day): btgi 35v; eng btgi edr 36v; btgi odun 59r.

btge- [caus. of bt-]; to accomplish, fulfill, succeed in doing something: gken tusa

btgebes 16r; ber-n tusa btgebes 22v; ed btgebes 23v; burqan btgebes 26r;

nasun btgebes 28r, 34v; im[n]us btgebes 28r; mr btgek-yin urida kimor bolqu

1055
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

41r; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui 60v; ndr btgek iles 61r; min

nasun btgeki 45v; ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v.

a(-un sayin ma(u the good and bad auspices of the hours (8r, 50v).

o(tu [S. r; Tib. dpal (ldan)]; auspicious, blessed, holy: o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui

20r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; o(tu yeke a(an-dur tariyan buu tari 33v; o(tu

yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r.

oga [Tib. o-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jschke, 161); luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r; ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r; oga kibes

32r; tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; oga-yin ile 45v.

oga-yin ile works of magical performance (45v).

iro-a omen, presage, auspice: Qulu(an-a edr iru-a buu e 34r; Qulu(an-a edr iru-a l

ek 57r; ger-ee x sayin iru-a bui 57v.

isn iruqai magic square (42v); cf. Cornu 1997: 102-107.

ii(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: ii iglbes 28r; ii buu

igl 34r;Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; noyan ii ol(abasu 37r; noyad ii-dr

ol(obasu sayin 35v; iiten tbidk iles 61r; tu(-un iin-t uyau 50v.

iiten ?prophets: iiten tbidk iles 61r.

adala- to make rain with magic spells: adalabasu 32r.

aya(a(n) fate, destiny, predestination: kbegn trbes mungqa( bged usun-dur kk

aya(atu bui 31r; qoyar aya(an-u ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui 27r.

1056
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iruqai n. line, design; mathematics, calculation; astrology (Lessing 1062); matrix. In the

manual iruqai refers to mathematics as the art of the matrix, ari(un gegen-e iruqai-dur tegi

okiyabai 2v, biqar qangin-u iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(idar 26r, iruqai to(alabasu 31v; the

term also refers to a symbol, kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui

20r, tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v; isn iruqai refers to the nine square

divination form (Tib. sme-ba dgu, Ch. jiu gong), isn iruqai ene met iruyu 42v.

oki- to suit: okiqu 54v, 54v; l okiqu 54v, 56r; l okiqu uaral 46r, 46r; l okiqu

beri 52r; asal asan okiqu l okiqu 54v; ibegel ek anu. qulu(an-a luu bein ilten ibegel

okiqu 54v; olan arad okiqu 56r.

okistai agreeable: kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu 52v;

okis-tu agreeable: taiyan-dur okis-tu bolqu 52v; sedkil-dr okis-tu bolumui 56v.

ng bilig prescience, gift of prophecy; wisdom; instinct: ng bilig olu(san Manjuari

tngri 1v.

kereg btk affairs will be successful (49v).

keig good luck; good fortune; grace, favor, blessing; turn: buyan keig ebderek 21v;

buyan keig ebdereglgi Burvasad buyu 34r; buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v, 56r; Ardar-dr

buyan ke[i]g sayitur nemey 37v; buyan keig ba(uraqu 41r; buyan keig delgerek 46v;

buyan keig bolqu 50r; buyan keig bari(san beri 54r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni

qa(an-u gara( bki 23r; mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; qurim dotor-a

keig tasulqu na(idar 28r; qurim-dur keig tasulu(i odun ali bui 33r; qurim-dur keig

1057
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tasulu(i Burvabalguni buyu 33v; ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu edr 59v; Rkini Burnavasu

Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui 60v.

kimor [Tib. rlung-rta; shortened from kei morin wind horse]; 1. prayer flag; 2. good

fortune, lucky; see Waddell 1978: 408-419; Cornu 1997: 85-88; mr btgek-yin urida

kimor bolqu 41r; kimor bolqu 50v, 50v, 50v; kemor gemil bolumui 50v; yeke kimor-du

(bolqu) 26r, 26v, 27r.

ksel desire; wish: ksel bt- 38r, 45v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v; ksel

uaraqu 49v; ksel-iyen btk 49v, 49v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v.

ma(u/muu/ma(ui [adj. and n.]; bad: ma(u 5r, 13r, 19r, 21v, 22v, 22v, 23r, 26r, 26r, 26r,

26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r,

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 33r,

33v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 52r,

52r, 52v, 52v, 53v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 57r, 58r,

58v, 60v, 61v; sayin ma(u 46v; saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin ma(u

ai r-e inu l bty 4r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui 33r; odun na(idar

1058
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; ede gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v;

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r; ma(u-yi 21r, 46r,

48r, 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v; qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemi 8r; qorin nigen-e r-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 9r;

arban isn-ebuuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 10r; arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi

glesgei 34r; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi

biisgei 44r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v; ma(ui, 23v, 25r, 26r,

26v, 26v, 29r, 30r, 31v, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 57v; mr (arbasu ma(ui 22r, 24v; ebesn

tegbes muu 42r.

lei auspice, favorable omen, happiness, good luck: lei qutu( 50r; lei qutu( oroi(san

edr lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; li qutu(

oroi(ulbasu 21v, 29r; li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v; li qutu(tu edr 34v;

qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar

sedkigsen bty 45v; li qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar

bui 60v; kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; li-d bolqu 50r; leyit 56r; aliba-yi

ila(u(i tegs leyit boluyu 25v; Bus na(idar kemebes tegs leyit na(idar bui 26v;

leyit mr 54r, 54r, 54r; mo(ai morin ilt okin doron-a leyit mr 54r; leyit bolqu

56r, 56r; dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r.

lei qutu( happiness, blessing: lei qutu( 50r; lei qutu( oroi(san edr lei qutu(

oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; li qutu( oroi(ulbasu 21v,

1059
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

29r; li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v; li qutu(tu edr 34v; qoyar kei uarabasu

li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen bty 45v;

li qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v.

qari(ulul [Tib. bzlog sgyur]; reply; retribution; curse; see SE II, 178; oli( qari(ulul buu

iled 34v.

qariyal curse: qariyal qari(ulbasu 22v, 25r, 26v; qariyal ki- 31v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 46r; qariyal

gegy-e btmi 39r.

qoor qomsa harm, damage; trifle, very little, almost nothing: qoor qomsa bol- 34r; keregr

ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ed tavar qoor qomsa

bolqu 57r; ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu 57v.

qoor qoromi harm, loss, damage: qoor qoromi bolqu 41r; adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi

yeke boluyu 38r.

qoor ada demons of harm: qoor ada bolqu 56r.

qoor-a poison: qoor-a neyileglbes 41v; qoor neyileglki iles 46r; qooridur

[=qooradur] kgsen kmn[-] kbegn qula(au amu 24v; qooritu [=qooratu] iles 16r.

qoromi loss: qoor qoromi 41r; Naran 'al iroi ed[e]n-dr adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi

yeke boluyu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r.

qubil(an transformation; metamorphosis; a Buddha incarnate living god: amitan-u itegel

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 26; yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara

bolai 8r; baling do(in inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v.

1060
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

riddi qubil(an [S. nirmna rddhi; Tib. rdzu phrul]; magical transformation; miracle,

magic, sorcery (Lessing, 1181; RRS, 626); yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara bolai

8r.

sada(-a a doll used in medical rituals, through which illness is expelled: sada(-a buu g

34v.

sayin [adj. and n.]; good: 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r, 21v, 22r, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v,

31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 31r, 32r, 33r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v,

35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r,

38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r,

46r, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v,

49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v,

52r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v,

55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v,

1061
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

56v, 56v, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 59r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v,

61v, 61v; sayin boro(an 61r, 61r sayin buyan 1v; sayin ma(u ai r-e inu 4r; sayin ma(u-yi

belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r; sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn 21r, 49v; sayin ma(u-yi glsgei.34r;

uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral 45r; gara(-ud

kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-yi 45v; iles-n sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r; odun il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au 46r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral

46v; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v; il sar-a

qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au 48r; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba

sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 49v; arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu

g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek

krdn 50v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu jg-n sayin ma(u-yi jek krdn 50v; odud-

un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r; sayin burqan 29v.

sayin ma(u the good and the bad, i.e., results of a given action: sayin ma(u ai r-e inu

4r; sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r; sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn 21r, 49v; sayin ma(u-

yi glsgei.34r; uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uiral 45r; gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-yi 45v; iles-n sayin ma(u-yi

ila(ayu 46r; odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au 46r; il odun qoyar-un

sayin ma(u-yin uaral 46v; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i

ek 46v; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au 48r; Nagajun-a ba(i-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 49v; arban

1062
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un

sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 50v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu jg-n sayin ma(u-yi

jek krdn 50v; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r.

idi/idi [S. siddhi; Mong. translated by various forms of bt-]; magic, supernatural

power, certain mundane and supernatural gifts of which often eight are enumerated (Lessing,

698); cf. also RRS (652-653); Waddell (141); Poppe (1967: 84); the Mongolian translation

of the Klacakra, using the transcription system of Ayushi Gushi, gives iddhi (KOT 127,

passim); the transcription in the manual follows the older Mongolian method derived from

Uygur (Poppe 1967: 30, passim); Anurad-du deged idi olqu boluyu 38r; qoyar iroi

uirabasu idi btky-yin uaral 45v; idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v.

tabun qalqala(i five protectors, talismans: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-

[=yin] soddu); 2. the shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin krmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine

(so( ariyan-u rgesn); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber); 5. the tusk of a wild

boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a): tabun qalqala(i ede kemebes. qong keriy-e- [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin krmeli. so( ariyan-u rgesn. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

tarni [S. dhran]; magic spells mostly consisting of Sanskrit syllables or words and/or

unintelligible phonetic units used in ritual; charms, dharani, mantra: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r,

32r, 34v, 34v, 61r; irken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

tarnii n. exorcist, magician; Mongolian translation for sang(asba (Lessing, 782); tarnii

kmn 4v.

1063
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tusa benefit; advantage; use: em-e kmn-e tusa keyibesu 15r; gken tusa btgebes

16r; ber-n tusa btgebes 22v; qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu tusa bui 25r; a(an

asal kibes tusa l boluyu 39v; ai( tusa eribes 43v, 43v, 61r, 61v; ai( tusa bt- 45v,

49v; ai( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r; tusa yeke bolqu 56v, 57r; (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu

57v

tusa gei without benefit: em emlebes tusa gei 38r; ede edd-dr odun na(idar sayin

bges ber tusa gei 42r.

uira-/uara to meet, occasion: uirabasu 47v; ma(u aran-lu(-a uirabasu 22v; odun

na(idar uirabasu 37v; qoyar iroi uirabasu 45v; taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu 46v;

Usun odun uirabasu gergi olqu 46v; Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uirabasu 46v;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar noqai edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker

edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar luu edr uirabasu ma(u

46v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai

2v; lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r; kon-dur uira(san beri 54r; ken-dr uira(san beri

54r; kam-dur uira(san beri 54r; gin-dr uira(san beri 54r; jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar

tata(ci beri 54v; sn-dr uira(san beri 54v; aqa deg qoyar kmn uirau i(au ggmi

25v; l uiraqu uiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; qola (aar-a mr (arbasu buliyan

qula(ai-lu(-a uiraqu 47v; a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dr uiraqu 58r;

qurim-dur uiraqu 58r; qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu

delgereki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; usu iroi

qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r; (al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r;

1064
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu

uaral 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n

uiral bui 46r; Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu dayisun-i ayul bolqu 46r;

Usun Altan odun uarabasu ai r-e btk 46r; Modun odun uarabasu nom kiged buyan

keig delgerek 46v; Baras morin noqai (aqai ede edd-t aliba odud uarabasu sayin 46v;

Margaar Ardar qoyar qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; uara(san bges altan gerel ungi

42v; darasun idegen uaram 50r; aman-tur ge da(un uaram 52v; okin trbes erketen-dr

uaraqu 26v; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; ola uaraqu 49v; dayisun

uaraqu 49v; ksel uaraqu 49v; idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r; idegen qurim uaraqu 50r, 50r;

qula(ai-du uaraqu 50r; ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r; idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r; ebedin-

d(r) uaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; bariy-a kriy-

e-d uaraqu 50r; idegen-d uaraqu 50r; ada-du uaraqu 50r.

uiral/uaral meeting; occasion; fate; circumstances: edr-n odun-u sayin uiral 38r;

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r; (al iroi qoyar

uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui 46r; odun il

qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r; egride-yin uiral-iyar

rglide ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r; kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; l uiraqu

uiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; l okiqu uiral-iyar r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui

olgiqui iles-dr sayin 46r; tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r; edr-lu(-a

1065
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

[=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; odun ba

na(idar-un uaral 2v; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu

44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v;

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r; qoyar iroi uirabasu

idei btki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu

delgereki-yin uaral 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; (al kei

qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r;

usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu uaral 46r; beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene

bui 52r; na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v; ene uaral-i sayitur

igdeki 46r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r; idi

btki-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v; raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v;

delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen

bty 45v; kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; odun na(idar tusbri sayin bges

ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui 46r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v;

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin ma(u-i

jek krdn ene bui 21r; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au

biisgei 48r.

r-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: ai r-e inu l bty 4r; ai r-e inu mai

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu

mai sayin bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v; ai r-e btk 46r; r-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; r-e tariyan gbes 30r; r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

1066
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

29v, 32r; r-e sauqui 45v; r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-

tei bol(a(i odun 33r; r-e-gei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i 33r, 33v; r-e

tasulu(i (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; r-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; r-e inu

l bayimui 34v; r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r; r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; r-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; r-e mal delgerek sayin 52r; r-e uqa( 52r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun

33r; to(an-u a'i r-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggi iglbe 1v; ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

ELEMENTS

altan gold; metal; one of the five elements; rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegsbe 31r; Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r.

inar quality; essence; nature: (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar 1v; (al inar 21v; (al-un

inar 22v, 45v; usun-u inar 22r, 45v; usun inar 22v; modun inar 23r; temr-n inar 23v;

key-yin inar 23v, 45v; iroy-yin inar 24r, 45v, 61r.

drben maqabud the four elements, i.e., earth, air, fire and water: drben maqabud-un

sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45r.

(al 1. one of the four elements: 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r,

20r, 21v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig

Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; qoyar (al uarabasu delgereki-yin

uaral[.] delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; (al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt

uaral bged. kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-

1067
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

yin uiral. tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n

uiral bui kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu, 46r; emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an

na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(i Barani

bui 33r. 2. one of the five elements: 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula

(al-un inar bui 22v; Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem (al inar bui 21v; 'al

odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui 22v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni

Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r.

(al inar the essence of fire, i.e., the element fire: Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara(

kemem (al inar bui 21v; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar

bui 22v; emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; Kerteg Barani

ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v;

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; qoyar (al

uarabasu delgereki-yin uaral[.] delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v; (al kei qoyar

uarabasu yeke kt uaral bged. kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; (al iroi

qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral. tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r; usu (al

qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r.

maqabud [S. mah-bhtni; Tib. byung ba]; element; there are two systems of elements

used in the text: 1. the four elements: iroi (earth); kei (air); (al (fire) and usun (water);

predominant in Indian astrology; and 2. the five elements: iroi (earth); modun (wood); (al

(fire); usun (water) and altan/temr (iron) predominant in Chinese astrology: maqabud 59v;

temr maqabud 54r; modun maqabud 54r; usun maqabud 54r; qorin naiman na(idar-yi tabun

1068
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral . . . okiyasu(ai 45r; beri-

yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r.

modun wood; one of the five elements: modun inar 23r; modun maqabud 54r; modun-u

gara( bky-yin tula modun inar bui 23r; doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-

a tegsbe 27r. Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61v.

modun inar wood essence, i.e., the wood element (23r).

modun maqabud the wood element (54r).

iroi earth; 1. one of the four elements: 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; Rkini ista Anurad

Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; qoyar iroi

uirabasu idei btki-yin uaral 45v; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r;

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin

uiral 46r. 2. one of the five elements: iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein-

gara( bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r; Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden

iroi-yin inar buyu 61r.

tabun maqabud the five elements (61r).

temr iron, metal; one of the five elements: temr maqabud 54r; Altan odun kemebes

keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bky-yin tula temr-n inar 23v.

usu(n) water; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 22r, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v; usun-u inar bui 22r, 22v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul

1069
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; usun-u dolo(an na(idar 32r; usun(-u)

galab 33r, 33r; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu (al qoyar

uarabasu 46r; usun maqabud 54r.

usun maqabud the water element (54r).

COLOR

ala( variegated; solbi(san ala( iruqai 20r; ala( nidn bui 20v; ala( dusul 20v, 43v; ala(

debisker 20v, 43r; ala( noqai-tai teyim kmn 24v; ala( debel buu edke buu ems 35r.

altatu golden; ula(an altatu debel 34v.

boro grey, brown; dark, plain: boro 52v; kke boro mori 5r; boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-

de irgemi 8r.

a(an white: a(an 52v, 52v, 52v; a(an mori 4v; a(an debel 4v, 35r; a(an noqai 4v;

a(an segeret qara noqai 22r; a(an ila(u-du bula( 22r; a(an keg[i]ri bariu 23v; a(an

asal 39v, 45r; a(an baras 41r, 49r, 49r, 49r; tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui

42v; a(an qada( 50v; a(an tosun 50v; a(an qonin 60v; imeg-iyen a(an-iyar imej 23v;

a(an-nu(ud-iyar ime 24r.

eriyen motely, variegated, particolored; speckled, spotted; striped; streaky: eriyen debel

buu ed'ke. buu ems 34v.

kke blue; green; ash-colored; dark (of face): kke 52v; kke boro mori 5r; kke morin

unau 23v; kke na(ur 39v; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; kke

1070
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

arai-du kmn 23v, 24v; kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r; kke kegiri 23v;

kke bein 41r; kke luu 49r, 49r, 49r; qubad kke-ber ime 23v.

no(o(an green: no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35v.

qara/qar-a [Tib. nag]; black. In Mongolian the color black sometimes means, clear,

(e.g., qara usun clear water) or common (qara kmn commoner), but it also has a

negative connotation, an association with evil, akin to the idea of black magic in English.

The manual notes black years, black months, black days, and black hours. These are

considered dangerous, contrary times when demons of various sort are said to roam (cf.

TEDP, 127-135): qara 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 45r; qara Kitad-un oron 2r; qara

Kitad-un to(-a 2r; qara Kitad-un to(ain 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r; qara kmn 5r, 5r;

qara morin (unu-) 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v; qara ya(um-a 5r; qara sa sg 20r; qara nara bui 20r;

qara indamuni 20r, 45r; qara jva sg 20r; qara jii sg 20v; qara dusul 20v, 20v, 41v;

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; qoyar qara dusul 43r; ken qara edrn belge 20v; yeke qara

edr 20v, 41v, 41v; (urbalin qara 20v; solbi(san qara iruqai 20v, 20v, 44v; drbelin qara

debisker 20v, 44v; doro(i qandu(san qara sara 20v; qara ging sg 20v; qara kegeri bariju

22r; qara kiiri bariu 23r; qara imeg-iyer ime 22r; a(an segeret qara noqai 22r; qara keb

24v; qara modun 24v; qar-a to(o(an 26v; qara debel 34v, 35r; (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v;

qara orong(-a bariu 39v; qara mo(ai 41r; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; qara saras 41r, 41r;

geyireglgi qara edr 41v; a(-un qara 42r; qara ingpng-n yabudal 42r; qara ingpng

giki 42r; qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v; qara imu

42v; tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui 42v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i

1071
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(aar-un ein giki edr 43v; qara qada(ur 43v; qara yasutu meneki 49r; qara sarayin asal

50v; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; qar-a mr 52v; iyerk qara edr 53r; tngri-yin qara

noqai 55r; qar-a ngge-d 55r; kger qara arudasun odun 59r; qara-dur bolbasu 51v; debel

quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r; il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r.

qas jade [colored]: qas debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r.

ara yellow: gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r;

ara kiiri bariu 23r; ara ken kmn qula(uu amui 24r; ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu amu

24r; ara kegeri bariu 24v; ara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r; ara tege 59r; ara iba(un

59r; ara quma( 60r; ara ula(an quma( 60r; ara-nu(ud-iyar ime 23r.

ula(an red: ula(an debel 4v, 21v, 22v, 34r; ula(an altatu debel 34v; ula(an kegeri 21v;

ula(an imeg 21v; ula(an (ajar 22v; ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r; ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r;

qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r; ula(an nara 39v; qariqui edrn beleg inu

ula(an nara bui 20r; (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; ari-narun

glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; ula(an sg 47v; ula(an dusul 40r; baling

do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; gegrglgi edrn belge

(urbalin ula(an bui 20v; ula(an gebri qakiraqu 27v; ula(an quma( 60r; ara ula(an

quma( 60rene (urban krdn-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v.

EIGHT TRIGRAMS

1072
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

klil n.; bundle, bunch; tie, knot (Lessing 500); in the manual the term refers to the eight

trigrams of the Yijing [Ch. bagua/pa-kua; Tib. spar-kha brgyad]; beri-yin drben ilmus

kemebes tayiqu itgen eke. lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai

52r, klil-d ma(u 53r. In the manual the forms of the eight trigrams are as follows: 1. lii

(Ch. li); 2. kun (Ch. kun); 3. dan (Ch. dui); 4. gen (Ch. gen); 5. kam (Ch. kan); 6. gin (Ch.

qian); 7. jen (Ch. zhen) 8. sn (Ch. sun). For more on the trigrams, see the Yijing, passim.,

TEDP, passim., Williams, 149; RRS, 534-542; Waddell 1978: 394; Cornu 1997: 107.

dan [Ch. dui/tui (Mathews, 6560)]; one of the eight trigrams; dan-dur ucira(san beri

kmn- yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r.

gen [Ch. gen/ken (Mathews, 3327)]; one of the eight trigrams: gen-dr uira(san beri

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui bgded ma(u 54r.

gin [Ch. qian/chien (Mathews, 3233)]; one of the eight trigrams: gin-dr uira(san beri

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugde-d toli bui 54r.

jen [Ch. zhen/chen (Mathews 315)]; one of the eight trigrams: jen-dr uira(san kl gq-

a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

kam [Ch. kan/kan (Mathews 3245)]; one of the eight trigrams: kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-

ta(an odu( bari(san bui bgde-d sayin 54r.

kun [Ch. kun/kun (Mathews 3684)]; one of the eight trigrams: kun-dur uira(san beri

bgde sayin buyan keig bari(san beri bui sayin 54r.

lii [1. ?Ch. li (Mathews 3930 or 3931 to calculate; the calendar]; 2. [Ch. li (Mathews

3902)]; brightness; one of the eight trigrams: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig

1073
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v; lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-i

keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52v; lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an qada(ur

bari(san beri bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin ilt beri-dr lemi ma(u 54r.

sn [Ch. sun (Mathews 5550)]; one of the eight trigrams: sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an

irbegel bari(san bui 54v.

OMEN PROTASES

aba mordabasu if one sets off on a hunt (55v).

abalabasu/ablabasu conv. con. 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one

hurts through magic incantations; abala- to hunt in a drive must be distinguished from abla-

to seduce; to hurt through magic; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ablabasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ablabasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is if one hunts in a drive, but perhaps the if one hurts

through magic incantations is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

abiig abubasu if one receives an initiation (11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v.

abiig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu If one receives initiation or guidance (26v).

ablabasu

[see above under abalabasu]

abubasu if one acquires something (34v).

ada(usun abubasu if one takes an animal (21v).

1074
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

adu(usun ba okin gbes abubasu if one gives or takes an animal or girl (29v).

adusun abubasu if one takes an animal (22v).

a(ula-aa modun eribes if one seeks wood from a mountain (47v).

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu if one erects a mortar or mill (36r, 36v, 37r).

aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel or bull; according

to a native informant, Ts. Baatar, when the breeding males are selected from a herd there is

a special rite performed over them. Likely it is not only the selection of the animals but the

rite, itself, referred to here (25r, 25r, 26r);

aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel, bull or ram

(35r).

aliba burqan-u i(ul(an iledbes performs rites for the assembly of various buddhas

(26v).

altan maltabasu if one mines gold (34v).

altan mngg qudaldubasu if one sells gold or silver (26r).

aman aldabasu if one takes an oath, makes a promise (34v).

ariki iskebes if one ferments alcohol (31v, 46v).

arvis tarni uribasu if one recites a sacred spell (25v).

asar kriy-e baribasu if one builds a hall or enclosure (46v).

ai( ri abubasu if one takes a profit or debt (36v).

ai( tusa eribes if one seeks a benefit (43v, 43v, 61r, 61v).

ai(labasu if one takes a profit: aiglabasu (36v).

1075
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

baa( abubasu if one takes a vow of fasting (30r).

baa( sangvar abubasu if one takes a vow of fasting (43v, 61r).

bal(asun baribasu if one builds a city (22v).

bal(asun deledbes if one pounds a city wall, i.e., out of earth (25v, 34r, 35r).

baras met kmn erebes if one seeks a tiger-like person (27v).

bariqu (aar eribes if one seeks a place to build (42r).

belbesn em-e abubasu if one takes a widow or a woman (25r, 32r).

ber'i abubasu if one takes a bride (25r, 29r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 41v, 43r).

beri abubasu u(tubasu if one receives or welcomes a bride (29r).

beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a bride into ones home (22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v,

40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r).

bey-e ugiyabasu if one washes the body (21v, 22r, 23r, 26v, 41v).

biig abulibasu ?if one debates a scripture (36v).

biig to(-a sur(abasu if one teaches writing or mathematics (22v, 56v).

biig to(-a em sur(abasu if one teaches writing, mathematics or medicine (26r).

biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu if one teaches writing, mathematics or science

(23v).

biig ungibasu if one reads a book (32r).

biig-tr orobasu if one starts a [new] book (36v, 37r).

biil(abasu if one meditates (11r).

1076
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bo(ol qudaldubasu if one trades a slave (25r, 25v, 26r, 28v).

boso(-a bosqabasu if one erects a doorsill (46v).

bou( abubasu if one receives a prophecy (34v).

bulai bulabasu if one digs a grave (21v).

buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a bull (28r).

burqan btgebes if one evokes a burqan (26r).

burqan nom-i amilabasu if one enlivens a buddhas doctrine (44v).

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu if one puts the aorta and heart into a

buddha or tutelary deity (36v).

burqan itgen inidkebes if one restores a buddha-image (24r).

burqan takibasu if one makes an offering to a buddha (23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 35r, 35r).

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu if one offers sacrifice to a buddha, the gods, or tutelary

deities (48r).

burqan-dur aliba takil iledbes if one performs any kind of sacrifice to a buddha (31r).

burqan-i biil(abasu if one meditates on the buddha (26v).

burqan-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the buddha (21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v,

29r, 30r).

burqan-u oron eribes if one seeks the realm of a buddha (22v).

burqan-u itgen egdbes creates the image of a buddha (46v).

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the priests (35v).

1077
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

busud-aa (uyil'(-a abubasu if one receives alms from another (25r).

busud-i ar(adabasu if one quarrels with others (9r, 19r).

busud-i qari(ulbasu if one replies to another (23v).

busud-i takibasu if one makes an offering to another (30r).

buyan oli( gbes if one gives meritorious ransom (22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r).

buyan oli( iledbes if one makes a meritorious ransom (31v).

buyan qurim iledbes if one makes a meritorious feast (31v).

buyan iledbes if one performs a meritorious deed (21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v,

26r, 29v, 30v, 31r, 32r, 32r, 34r, 35r).

buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes if one makes an assembly of the virtuous (23r).

briy-e tatabasu if one plays the trumpet (34v).

ang kengger'ge deledbes if one beats cymbals or drums (28v, 34v, 35r).

erig ayan mordabasu if one sets of on a campaign or journey (42r).

erig ba ayan aba mordabasu if one sets off on a military campaign or hung (55v).

erig degerm-e odbasu if one goes soldiering or pillaging (31r).

erig kia(ar (aar-i baribasu if an army seizes the frontier (32r).

erig mordobasu if an army sets off on campaign (9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v,

25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v).

erig uduridbasu if one leads an army (23r, 24v, 40r).

erig-n noyan sa(ul(abasu if one installs the commander of the army (22v).

idker-nu(ud-i [=idker-ngd-i] nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies idker (demons [23r]).

1078
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

idkd-i darubasu if one suppresses the idkd (demons [26r, 27r]).

idkd-<y>i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the idkd (demons [34v]).

idqumal idqubasu if one pours a cast (16r).

i(ulbasu if one assembles (46v).

i(ul(alabasu if one collects something (30v).

i(ul(an i(ulbasu if one assembles an assembly (15r, 25v, 27v, 27v, 35r, 36v).

i(ul(an eyetbes if one conducts an assembly peaceably (31v).

oga kibes if one makes a magical performance (32r).

ola gbes if one gives a title (8r).

dabqur ger baribasu if one builds a multi-storied building (43v).

da(a(ulbasu if one reduces another to submission (53v).

dalal(-a abubasu if one receives the beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; dalal(-a

abubasu 29r.

dalal(-a dalalbasu if one beckons the beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; if one beckons

fortune; this refers to a shamanistic-Buddhistic ceremony of inviting prosperity, (Lessing,

224); see also Chabros; dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r; dalal(-a buu dalal 33v.

dayisun darubasu if one suppresses an enemy (21v).

dayisun eserg irebes if one goes against an enemy (22r).

dayisun-a ol(abasu if one meets an enemy (34v, 60v).

dayisun-dur ol(obasu if one meets an enemy (27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v).

1079
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the enemy (22r),

dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu if one fights with an enemy (29v, 32r).

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu if one takes an enemys possessions or livestock

(27v).

dayisun-u ner-e-yi biibes if one writes the name of an enemy (27r).

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu if one writes the name of an enemy (27v, 32r).

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu if one replies to an enemys curse (27v).

debel ba ger ed'kebes if one cuts out material for a robe or tent (35r).

debel ed'kebes if one tailors a robe; G. Kara shows that edke- is written in the pre-

classical calendar fragments from Turfan for classical eske-. Thus, he translates, "if one cuts

out the material for a cloak" (Kara, 1984: 348); the same form is found throughout the Turfan

calendar fragments. See also Haenisch, H. Franke, and Cerensodnom and Taube; as Mostaert

notes, the form is sometimes written in the manual as edeke- (MMAD, 20, #57); debel

ed'kebes 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r,

30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v.

debel ed'kebes emsbes if one tailors a robe or wears one (31r).

debel eskebes if one tailors a robe; eske- is the classical form of pre-classical edke- (see

Kara, 1984: 348); debel eskebes 23v, 25r, 29r, 30r; debel eskeki 55v.

debel qayabasu if one discards a robe (58r).

debel qulu(an-a qaabasu if ones robe is bitten by a mouse (57r).

debel tlebes if one burns a robe (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r)

1080
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

debel tlebes qaibasu if ones robe is burned or bitten (58r, 58r).

debr bribes if one covers a roof (42r).

degeds-<y>i kndlebes if one respects the saints (30r, 34r).

degelbr talbibasu if one places the felt covering on the upper part of the tent (46v).

degerem qula(ai yabubasu if one goes to pillage or steal (34r).

degerme odbasu if one goes to pillage (25v, 29v, 35r).

diyan-u ile iledbes if one performs meditation rites (31r).

do(id-un tarni uribasu if one recites the dhran of the fearsome ones (34v).

do(in kereg kibes if one makes a fearsome implement (45r).

[dorm-a a(urbasu] if one abandons a dorma; dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v, 29v, 31v, 35v

[dorm-a dungli] (ar(abasu if one sets out a thread-cross; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r,

47r

[dorm-a dungli] kibes if one makes a thread-cross; rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r.

dungli (ar(abasu if one sets out a thread cross (22r).

ebedin baribasu if one arrests an illness (37r).

ebedin bari(ulbasu if one brings an illness under control (35v).

ebedin emlebes if one treats an illness (61r).

ebedin krtebes if one catches an illness (40r, 42v).

ebedin-i asabasu if one treats the illness (36v).

ed adu(usun abubasu if one receives a possession or animal (24r, 27v).

1081
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ed ada(usun ibqarabasu if possessions or animals are missing (24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v,

29r).

ed btgebes if one achieves possessions (23v).

ed ibqarabasu if a possession is missing (23r, 23v).

ed mal abubasu if one takes possessions or livestock (27v, 30r, 31r).

ed mal ada(usun gbes if one gives away possessions, livestock or animals (24v).

ed mal (ada(i gbes if one gives out possessions or livestock (18r, 41v).

ed mal ibqarabasu if possessions or livestock are missing (22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r,

28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v).

ed mal gbes if one gives away possessions or livestock (31v, 36v).

ed mal gbes abubasu if one either gives or receives a possession or livestock (43v).

egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu if one summons the nine creator gods (28v).

ekin eribes if one seeks an origin (30r).

eli arubasu if one sends a messenger (31v).

eliy-e ldebes if one expels a demon (eliy-e [27r]).

eliy-e-yi darubasu if one suppresses a demon (eliy-e [29r, 31v, 41r]).

em u(la(ulbasu if one gathers medicines (22r).

em ungla(ulbasu if one gathers medicines (21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r,

35r, 35r, 45v, 46v).

em emlebes if one treats an illness with medicine (28r, 61r).

em okiyabasu if one concocts medicine (34v).

1082
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

em neyileglbes if one mixes medicine (11r).

em nidbes if one grinds medicine (35v, 36r, 37r).

em u(uubasu if one takes medicine (26v, 36r).

em-e abubasu if one takes a woman (28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r).

emn-e g uduridbasu if one leads them to the south (23v).

engkri idkd-i nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the demons of ones beloved (35v).

engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu if one pacifies the demons of ones beloved (25r).

erdem sur(abasu if one teaches science (11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r).

er-e em-e bolbasu if two become man and wife (54v).

erkei iribes ?if a Christian comes (36v).

ermel erbes if one digs an excavation (12r, 42r, 42v).

eyetldbes if one is harmonious with others (29v).

(adquldubasu if one fights with another (21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r).

(aar baribasu if one builds on the land (assuming the dat.-loc. ending is implicit [30v]).

(aar kdelbes if there is an earthquake (25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 37r).

(aar kndebes if one disturbs the ground (36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 44r, 58v, 58v).

(aar usun eid-i takibasu if one sacrifices to the lords of earth and water (39v).

(al mandal tlebes if one burns a fire mandala (10r, 61v).

(al takil takibasu if one offers the fire sacrifice (21v, 31v, 35r).

1083
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(al takibasu if one offers the fire [sacrifice] (35v, 36v, 37r).

(al-un takil takibasu if one offers an offering of fire (22r, 23v, 34v).

(al-un takil iledbes if one makes an offering of fire (34v).

(urbalin mandal egdbes if one creates a triangular mandala (31v).

(uyil'(-a abubasu if one accepts alms (25r).

ger baribasu if one builds a dwelling (26r, 26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r,

43v, 46v, 55v, 60r).

ger baribasu aabasu [=asabasu] if one builds or repairs a dwelling (35v).

ger bayiing qota asabasu if one repairs a dwelling, building or city wall (28r).

ger bosqabasu if one erects a dwelling (28r).

ger bribes if one covers a tent (36v).

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu if one thoroughly repairs any

of the old things in ones home (36r).

ger ed'kebes if one cuts out the material for a dwelling (22v, 28v).

ger asabasu if one repairs ones home (25v, 35v, 36r, 36v, 37r).

ger negbes if one moves ones home (23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v).

ger tergen ari(ulbasu if one has a tent cart cleaned (54v).

ger tergen bosqabasu if one erects a tent cart (37r, 42r).

ger tergen asabasu if one repairs a dwelling or cart (36r, 36v, 37r).

ger tergen inedkebes if one renovates a tent cart (45r).

1084
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ger-ee nayir (arbasu if one holds a banquet in ones home (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v,

57v, 58r, 58r).

ger-dr-iyen qaribasu if one returns to ones own dwelling (36r).

irger irgebes if one offers a blessing (27v).

isn il tariyan-i anibasu if one thrashes the nine kinds of grain (30r).

ii iglbes if one reveals a prophecy (28r).

adalabasu if one makes rain with magic spells (32r).

a(al morin sur(abasu if one trains a horse having dark spots on its neck and shoulders

(29r).

a(aldubasu if one sues, litigates a lawsuit (35v, 47v).

am asabasu if one repairs a road (19r).

ar(u a(aldubasu if one litigates a lawsuit (42v).

ar(u qa(albasu if one settles a lawsuit (19r, 25v, 29v).

arlig biig tarqabasu if one disseminates an edict (18r).

arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu if an assembly is convened for a decree (22v).

arudasun quduldubasu if one trades a slave (24v, 30r).

ibqara(san-i eribes if one seeks what is missing (23v).

i(asun (okilabasu if one hooks a fish (36r).

i(asun igrdebes if one grabs for fish (36v).

i(ulilabasu if one travels (21v, 22v, 25v, 25v, 27r, 28r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 32r, 35r, 35r,

35r, 60r).

1085
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

i(ulin yabubasu if a traveler leaves (41r).

inglebes if one applies a poultice (22v, 36v, 37r).

iru( irubasu if one draws a picture (15r).

iruqai to(alabasu if one calculates a matrix (31v); perhaps this refers to calculating the

divination "magic squares" or mewas. Cf. Cornu 1997: 102-126.

irken tarni uribasu if one recites the Heart dharani (25v); cf. RRS, 427.

oid-i kndlebes if one honors visitors (29r).

ol(oldubasu if one greets another (23r).

oliy-a gbes if one gives a ransom (41r).

kegken abun neyilikilbes if one takes a maiden and knows her (36r).

kegr oroi(ulbasu if one inters a corpse (35v, 43v).

kereg ara( keyibes if one carries out affairs in general (61r).

kereg asal kibes if one makes an implement (44v).

kereg asal keyilgebes if one has an implement made (35v).

kereg asal iledbes if one works an implement (30v).

keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes if a crow or magpie calls (57r).

keriy-e kegbes if a crow caws (57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r.

kia(ar (aar-i baribasu if one seizes the frontier (31r, 32r).

kimusu(n) ta(aribasu if one trims ones nails (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r).

kbegn ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu if ones son and grandchildren go separate ways (34r).

1086
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kbegn okin neyiilebes if a son has relations with a girl (37r).

kbegn okin trbes if a son or daughter is born (31v).

kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu if a son has relations with a girl or seduces her

(36r).

kbegn qurimlabasu if a son gets married (24v).

kbegn trbes if a son is born (21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v,

32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v).

kbegn-dr ger baribasu if one builds a home for a son (34r).

kbegn-e ger baribasu if one builds a home for a son (21v, 35r).

kbegn-e ner-e gbes if one gives a name to a son (46v).

kbegn-e mi gbes if one gives property to a son (35r, 41v, 43v, 46v).

kbegn-e mi gbes abubasu if one gives property to a son or receives it (46v).

kbegn- mi gbes if one gives a sons property (27r).

kgerge talbibasu if one builds a bridge (12r, 47v).

krgen sgdbes if a son-in-law prostrates himself (23v).

kriy-e baribasu if one builds an enclosure (42v).

kriy-e deledbes if one pounds a fence (31v).

k sang negebes if one opens a treasury (22v, 36r, 37r).

k sang-un ger baribasu if one builds a treasury (25v).

k sang-un ger bosqabasu if one erects a treasury (30r).

1087
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu if one takes a bride who falls under the Li trigram (54r).

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu if one treats the Nga kings and the Lords of the

land (30r).

luus-un qad-un oga iledbes if one performs the ceremony of the dragon kings (22r).

mal ada(usun abubasu if one takes livestock or an animal. (26v).

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu if one exports livestock, animal or food (43r).

mal adu(usun gbes if one gives livestock or animals (31v).

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu if one trades livestock or animals (25v).

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu if one exports livestock (29r).

mal gbes if one gives livestock (28r, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36v).

mal gbes abubasu if one gives or takes livestock (32r).

mal qudaldubasu if one trades livestock (29v).

mal in-e kebtein-e kebteglbes if one beds livestock in a shelter (35v, 36v, 36v).

mal srglebes if one herds livestock (37r).

mal-i ber-e sal(abasu if one divides up livestock (36v).

mese keyibes if one makes a dagger (16r).

modun iig taribasu if one plants trees or flowers (35v, 36r).

modun taribasu if one plants a tree (22r, 32r, 35r).

morin dobtulbasu if one gallops a horse (22v, 23v, 30v, 31v, 35r).

morin gbes if one gives a horse (31v).

morin qudaldubasu if one trades a horse (25r, 31r, 31r, 31v).

1088
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

morin sur(abasu if one trains a horse (21v, 28r, 31v, 34v).

morin inilebes if one examines a horse (27v).

mndr oro(ulbasu if one causes hail to fall (32r).

mr (arbasu if one sets out on a journey (22r, 24v, 25r, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v,

27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v,

36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v,

54r, 54r).

na(adun inggeldn ir(abasu if one enjoys oneself celebrating at a festival (31r).

na(addun na(adbasu if one plays a game (35r).

namanilabasu if one confesses (25v).

nara sara kirtbes if there is an eclipse of the sun or moon (25v).

nara sara kbes if the sun or moon die, i.e., if there is an eclipse (27r, 32r).

nasun btgebes [S. yuhsdhan]; if one performs a rite for longevity (28r, 34v); cf.

sidi in Lessing, 698.

nasun[-u tarni] uribasu if one recites the dhran of life (27v, 28r, 29v, 30r); see RRS

377.

nayir (arbasu if one holds a feast (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v).

nayitabasu if one sneezes (57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v).

negdel negbes if one nomadizes (44r).

negbes if one moves (36r).

1089
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ner-e eribes if one seeks a name (35r).

ner-e gbes if one gives a name (26v, 30r, 32r).

ner-e-dr ner-e ggbes gives a name for a name (25v); perhaps this means to give a

nickname or a secret name.

ni(un trbes if a son is born (43r).

nom biebes if one inscribes the dharma (26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v).

nom biig biibes if one writes a scripture (36v).

nom buyan iledbes if one performs dharma merit (24r).

nom nomlabasu if one preaches the dharma (23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r).

nom ungibasu if one reads the dharma (25v, 27v).

nom-dur orobasu if one starts [to read] a scripture (36r).

noqai kegbes if a dog barks (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r).

noqai teiyebes if one feeds a dog (44r).

noyan isanglabasu if one promotes a noble (61r).

noyan ii ol(abasu if a noble presents himself to the principle wife of the ruler (37r).

nutu( ularibasu if one changes ones native land (34v, 43v).

oda( egdbes if one starts a fire in the hearth (43v).

oda( tlebes if one kindles a fire in the hearth (42v).

okin ba(ul(abasu if a girl is brought into ones household (43v).

okin beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a girl or bride into ones household (44r, 44r, 46v).

okin ber'i gbes if one gives away a daughter or bride (22v, 35v).

1090
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

okin bo(talabasu if a daughter gets engaged (36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r).

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu if a daughter gets engaged or is brought into ones

household (36v).

okin gbes if one gives away a daughter (21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r,

35r, 35r, 41v, 41v).

okin trbes if a daughter is born (25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v).

okin debes if a daughter is sent off (31v).

ong(oa deger-e (arbasu if one goes out on a boat (47v).

ong(oa oro(ulbasu if one launches a boat (12r).

ong(oa yabu(ulbasu if one sends out a boat (36v).

ong(od-i takibasu if one sacrifices to a tutelary deity (35v).

ordo qari asabasu if one repairs a palace; this probably refers specifically to an icon-

case, a receptacle for a burqan (see RRS, 167); ordo qari asabasu 21v.

ber-n tusa btgebes if one accomplishes something for ones own benefit (22v).

ig ibes if one prays a prayer (27r, 35v).

gked-n eliy-e darubasu if one suppresses the demons of the little ones (27r, 28v,

30v, 30v, 31v).

gken tusa btgebes if one accomplishes a small favor (16r).

glige gbesu if one gives alms (25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r).

glige gbes abubasu if one gives or receives alms (35r, 37r, 41r).

ri abubasu if one takes on a debt (22v, 25r, 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r).

1091
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ri ba ed mal gbes if one makes a loan, gives possessions or livestock (31v).

ri gbes if one gives debt, i.e., if one makes a loan; ri gbes 21v, 27r, 27v, 29r, 29v,

32r, 35r; ri buu g 34r.

rn-e g odbasu if one goes west (49v, 50v).

rn-e g uduridbasu if one leads [them] to the west (22r).

rn-e odbasu if one goes west (50r, 50r).

qabi(ai asabasu if one repairs a passageway (46v).

qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme bosqabasu if one erects a door or a water mill (32r).

qa(al(-a igbes [=egbes] if one hangs a door (43v, 46v, 48r).

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) biig oro(ulbasu if one submits a written tribute to a king (36r, 36v,

36v, 36v).

qan kmn-ee ola abubasu if one receives a title from a ruler (47v).

qan oron-a sa(ubasu if a ruler takes the throne (21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r).

qargis qari(ulbasu if one makes a vicious reply (30v).

qariyal kibes if one makes a curse (31v, 41v, 42r).

qariyal qari(ulbasu if one makes a counter curse (22v, 25r, 26v).

qari-yi nomo(odqabasu [Tib. bgegs sel ba]; if one pacifies obstacles (28r).

qayinu( qudaldubasu if one trades a qayinu( (32r).

qola ba oyir-a odbasu if one goes either near or far (31r).

qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu if one goes to do business in a faraway place (36r).

qola (arbasu if one goes out far (47v).

1092
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qola i(ulilabasu if one travels far away (25r).

qoni yama(-a srglebes if one herds sheep or goats (31v).

qonin abasu [=abubasu] if one takes a sheep (27r).

qoor-a neyileglbes if one mixes poison (41v).

qoriy-a baribasu if one builds an corral (42v).

qoriyan bosqabasu if one erects a corral (42v).

qota bal(asun baribasu if one builds a town or city (41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 61r).

qota bal(asun imebes if one decorates a city or town (34v)

qota baribasu if one builds a city (41r, 42r, 42v).

qota deledbes if one pounds a city wall (32r).

qota asabasu if one repairs a city, i.e., citadel, fortress or wall (22v, 23v, 24r, 29r).

qota yender baribasu if one builds a fortress or platform (42v).

quda anda bolbasu if one becomes related through marriage or oath (15r, 22v, 25v, 26v,

30v).

quda anda bolulibasu if one becomes related to another through marriage or oath (28r,

28r, 31r, 29r, 32r).

quda anda eribes if one seeks relations through marriage or oath (31r).

qudaldu arila kibes if one does business (35v).

qudaldu keyibes if one does business (9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 29v, 34r, 34r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 37r).

qudaldu odbasu if one goes to do business (15r).

1093
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qudaldubasu if one does business (10r, 17r, 26v, 28r, 31v).

qudaldulibasu if one trades with another (31r).

qudalduin-dur odbasu if one goes to a merchant (41r).

quddu( nke bulabasu if one digs a well (37r).

quddu( nke butegen bulabasu if one succeeds in digging the hole for a well (36r).

quddu(-tur orobasu if one enters a well (37r).

qula(ai kibes if one commits robbery (41r).

qula(ayii kmn-i eriglbes if one looks for a thief (36r).

qulu(an-a qaabasu if a mouse bites (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r).

qur-a (ese) orobasu if rain does (not) fall (11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v).

qurim qurimlabasu if one celebrates a feast (47v).

qutu( oroi(ulbasu if one gives a blessing (8r, 24r, 29v, 31r, 34v, 37v, 38r).

quvara(-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the clergy (26v).

sauli er<e>gbes if one offers an aspersion (60v).

saki(ulsun iledbes if one performs rites for protection (23r, 26v, 28r, 29r).

sang negebes if one opens a storehouse (36r).

sasa deledbes if one molds a miniature stupa [out of clay] (42r).

seig taribasu if one plants a flower (36v).

suba( asabasu if one repairs a canal (42r).

suba( tatabasu if one digs a canal (22r, 25v, 37r).

subur(-a baribasu if one builds a stupa (42v).

1094
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

subur(-a bosqabasu if one erects a stupa (23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r).

suu ali-yu(an takibasu if one makes an offering to ones own spirit protector (25v, 28v).

sm-e baribasu if one builds a temple (31v, 47v).

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu if one erects a monastery or stupa (25r).

sm-e keyid baribasu if one builds a monastery (21v).

sm-e keyid bosqabasu if one erects a monastery (24r, 41v, 44v).

sm-e subur(-a baribasu if one builds a temple or stupa (42v).

sarid [?=arid] deledbes, ? if one beats penitence, i.e., practices flagellation (28v).

?ibad-un qurim kibes ?if one holds a feast for the birds (44r).

idar tatabasu if one plays the sitar (28v).

in-e beri abubasu if one takes a new bride (35r).

in-e debel abubasu if one receives a new robe (25r).

ini debel emsbes if one wears a new robe (21v, 28v, 34r, 56r).

in-e debel okiyabasu if one makes a new robe (32r).

in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu if a new couple unites (35r).

in-e (aar il(abasu if one analyzes a new place (61r).

in-e ger abubasu if one acquires a new dwelling (29v).

in-e ger ba qota asabasu if one repairs a new dwelling or city wall (25r).

in-e ger baribasu if one builds a new dwelling (24r, 35r).

in-e ger-tr orobasu if one enters a new dwelling (22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 47v).

1095
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

in-e ger-dr orobasu negbes if one moves into a new home (37r, 37r).

in-e krge tatabasu if one works a pump; if one pumps a bellows (36r).

in-e nutuglabasu if one settles down in a new place (41v).

in-e ong(oa usun-a oro(ulbasu if one launches a new boat (36r, 36v).

in-e qa(al(-a baribasu if one builds a new doorway (22r).

in-e irigen oro asabasu if one repairs a new throne (36v).

irad kibes ?if one makes a reliquary/mummy (23v).

irid-n ger ?an idol temple; cf. RRS, 366-367; irid-n ger baribasu 26v.

irid-n ger baribasu ? if one builds the building (idol temple) for a reliquary/mummy

(26v).

iroi kdelgebes if one moves earth (42r).

itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu if one blesses an object of veneration (38r, 43v).

tabang baribasu if one builds a throne (23r).

takil gbes if one gives an offering (8r).

takil ba abiig talbibasu if one offers a sacrifice or consecration (28r).

tama(-a i(ul(abasu if one gathers seals (36r).

tariyan modun taribasu if one plants grain or trees (37r, 47v).

tariyan saubasu if one scatters grain (22r, 30v).

tariyan seig taribasu if one plants grain or flowers (36v, 36v).

tariyan taribasu if one plants a crop (23v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r,

46v).

1096
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tariyan tariyalabasu if one cultivates a crop (10r).

tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu abubasu if one either casts or takes seed for a crop (46v).

tariyan-u ile iledbes if one performs grain rites (14r).

tariyan-u ebesn tegbes if one picks weeds from a crop (30v, 41r).

tarni uribasu if one recites a dhran (25v, 30r, 32r, 34v, 34v, 61r).

tata(al usun tatabasu if one draws water into a canal (12r).

tegerm-e bosqabasu if one erects a mill (42v).

temdegt adu(usun gbes if one gives a branded animal (30r).

temeildbes if one fights for something (35r).

tngri (aar-yi takibasu if one makes an offering to heaven and earth (35r).

tngri ong(od-i takibasu if one makes an offering to the gods and protective deities (35v,

36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r).

tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes if one performs the ceremony for the gods (30v).

tngri-yi takibasu if one makes an offering to god (36v).

tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu if one beckons the fortune of heaven (25v).

to(-a to(alabasu if one reckons mathematics (31v).

to(osq-a ergelebes if one lays brick (32).

toyin bolbasu if one becomes a monk (27r, 29v, 56v).

tgenebes inglebes if one cauterizes a wound or applies a poultice (22v, 36v, 37r).

tr baribasu if one builds a government (34v).

tul(-a tulbasu if one leans against a support/touches a trivet (31v).

1097
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tlii gbes if one gives a commemoration of the dead (28v, 30r, 30v).

uduridbasu if one leads (24r).

uduri(ulbasu if one is guided (34v).

ugiyaqui oga iledbes if one performs a washing ceremony (31r).

una(an sur(abasu if one trains a foal (23r, 32r).

uqa(an sur(abasu if one teaches knowledge/science (23v, 23v).

usun suba( tatabasu if one digs a water canal (36r).

usun tegerme bosqabasu if one erects a water mill (32r).

usun-u iles iledbes if one performs water rites (19r).

ile baribasu if one offers an act of penance (35r).

iledbes if one produces something (48r).

iles sedbes if one devises deeds (61r).

iles iledbes if one performs rites (26r).

ker abubasu if one takes an ox (31v).

ker sur(abasu if one trains an ox (28v).

kbes if one dies (28v, 29r, 30r).

kger-n abdara kibes if one makes a coffin for a corpse (37r).

kger-n idkd-i darubasu if one suppresses the demons of a corpse (48v).

kger-n yasun asabasu if one treats the bones of a corpse (36v).

1098
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kgsed-dr buyan iledbes if one performs meritorious deeds for the dead; this refers

to the buyani, the one assigned to care for the corpse when someone dies; (see RRS, 603);

kgsed-dr buyan iledbes 21v, 25v, 30v.

kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu tlii gbes if one takes out the bones of the dead or

offers a commemoration for the dead (28v).

kl-n segl tasulbasu if one cuts the tail of death (32r).

r-e saubasu if one scatters seed (21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r).

r-e tariyan gbes if one gives produce (30r).

r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu if one takes out the bones of a person without

descendants (27r).

sn kir(abasu if one cuts ones hair (57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r).

ya(um-a kibes if one makes something (44r).

ya(un ba abubasu if one takes anything whatsoever (25r, 28v).

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu if one investigates a crime (23r).

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu if one sets out bones or a dorma; yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu 55v.

yasun (ar(abasu if one takes out bones (30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v).

MEDICINE

1099
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ada [Uy. ada]; evil spirit, demon, devil; object of aversion; nuisance; obstacle, hindrance;

Nebesky-Wojkowitz describes these demons as spirits who attack especially children and who

are therefore similar to Tib. chung sri," (ODT, 539). This type of demon was absorbed into

Tibetan shamanism and Buddhism through Mongolian and especially Buriat shamanism. Cf.

ODT, 539. Bawden, citing Sandschejew, describes these demons thus:

According to Buriat tradition, one of the souls of a dead person, having been
captured or eaten up by the spirits, ends its existence, leaves the body and
becomes a boxolde, Khalkha boxuldui, or an ada, and establishes itself in a
reptile, and is particularly harmful to children.

He notes that Nebesky-Wojkowitz connects ada with Tib. chung sri and adds that it is usually

connected with Tib. gdon. Cf. SE I, p. 234, n. 58. kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r; qar-a

to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui

34v; ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; qorin ir(u(an-a qoor ada bolqu

56r; ada-du krtey 50r; ada-du uaraqu 50r.

ana(a- to treat (an illness); ebedin krtebes ana(aquy-a berke 40r.

a(an asal white treatment (39v, 45r); a white treatment is given as consisting of the

reciting of texts, while a motely treatment (ala( asal) consists of the rituals of spells and

wearing charms (see SE II, 166-167).

u(la(ul- to gather: em u(la(ulbasu 22r.

ungla(ul- to gather: em buu ungla(ul 35r; em ungla(ulbasu 21v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v; em asal ungla(ulbasu 35v.

ebedin illness; disease; sickness: kmn-dr ebedin bolu(ad 15r; kbegn trbes

ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu 32r;luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; ebedin bari(ulbasu

1100
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

35v; ebedin baribasu 37r; ebedin krtebes ana(aquy-a berke 40r; ebedin krtebes

edegeky-e berke 42v; ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; ebedin emle- 28r, 56v, 61r; ebedin

taqul bolqu 57v, 57v; ebedin bolumui 58r; ebedin-d uaraqu 50r; ebedin-dr uaraqu 50r;

otai-yi erin ebedin-i iglbes 36r; ebedin-i asabasu 36v; ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun

iledbes 28v; ebedit bolumui 28v.

ebedin ada illness demons: ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r.

edege- to recover, i.e., from an illness: ebedin krtebes edegeky-e berke 42v.

em medicine: em neyileglbes 11r; em neyileglki sayin edr 56r; em ungla(ulbasu

21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v, 46v; em buu ungla(ul 35r; em

asal ungla(ulbasu 35v; em u(la(ulbasu 22r; biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; em u(uubasu

26v/em uu(ubasu 36r; obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr em l u(uuqu 56v; em emlebes 28r,

61r; em okiyabasu 34v; em nidbes 35v, 36r, 37r; em gk-dr sayin 56r; Qonin edr em

l idek 57v.

emi doctor, physician: emi otai kmn 4v.

emle- to treat an illness: ebedin emlebes 61r; em emlebes 28r, 61r; aliba sarayin noqai-

dur ebedin emleky-[y]i igerlegln nomlauqui 56v.

enele- to suffer pain of body or mind; to grieve, lament, be distressed: eneleki obalang-

iyar qoqui kemen obau yabumui 47v.

asa- to repair; to treat, i.e., an illness: am asabasu 19r; ordo qari asabasu 21v; qota

asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r; in-e ger ba qota asabasu 25r; ger asabasu 25v, 35v, 36r, 37r;

ger baribasu asabasu 30v/ger baribasu aabasu [=asabasu] 35v; ger tergen asabasu 36r, 36v,

1101
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

37r; ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r; qa(uin ger asabasu 36v; ger

bayiing qota asabasu 28r; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r; in-e irigen oro asabasu

36v; ebedin-i asabasu 36v; qa(uin kger-n yasun asabasu 36v; suba( asabasu 42r;

qabi(ai asabasu 46v; qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r; asal asan okiqu l okiqu

54v; asaqu 47v.

asal treatment; a medical term, used in both empirical and unempirical contexts; here

refers especially to magical or ritual treatment; see SE II, 162-163: kereg asal iledbes 30v;

ger-dr yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes 35v; kereg asal kibes 44v; em asal ungla(ulbasu

35v; a(an asal 45r; a(an asal kibes 39v; qara sarayin asal 50v; asal asan okiqu l

okiqu 54v.

ingle- to apply a compress or poultice: tgenebes inglebes 22v, 36v, 37r.

krte- to touch; to fall ill: qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v ebedin krtebes; 40r, 42v; luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; ada-du krtey 50r.

neyilegl- to combine, e.g., medicine or poison: em neyileglbes 11v; qoor-a

neyileglbes 41v; neyileglki 45v; qoor neyileglki iles 46r; em neyileglki sayin edr

56r.

nid- to grind, e.g., medicine: em nidbes 36r, 37r; otai-yin em nidbes 35v.

otai [fr. Uygur]; physician, doctor; herbalist (Lessing, 625): emi otai kmn 4v; otai-yi

erin ebedin-i iglbes 36v; otai-yin em nidbes 35v.

1102
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoor-a poison: qoor-a neyileglbes 41v; qoor neyileglki iles 46r; qooridur

[=qooradur] kgsen kmn[-] kbegn qula(au amu 24v; qooritu [=qooratu] iles 16r.

sada(-a a doll used in medical rituals, through which illness is expelled: sada(-a buu g

34v.

arq-a wound: yar-a arq-a bolqu 50r.

ilige splinter; (see DO, 616b [ilge]): ilige buu (ar(a 34r.

tabun qalqala(i five protectors, talismans: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-

[=yin] soddu); 2. the shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin krmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine

(so( ariyan-u rgesn); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber); 5. the tusk of a wild

boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a): tabun qalqala(i ede kemebes. qong keriy-e- [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin krmeli. so( ariyan-u rgesn. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

taqul plague; epidemic: sn kir(abasu ebedin taqul bolqu 57v; qulu(an-a qaabasu

ebedin taqul bolqu 57v.

tgen-e moxa; poultice: geigen-dr tgenet kmn 29v.

tgene- to cauterize; apply a poultice or a hot compress: tgenebes inglebes 22v, 36v,

37r.

u(uu-/uu(u- to drink; take medicine: em u(uubasu 26v; em uu(ubasu 36r; darusun

uu(ubasu 57r; em l u(uuqu 56v.

yar-a sore; scab; ulcer: yar-a arq-a bolqu 50r.

1103
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

DEMONS/DEITIES/SUPERNATURAL BEINGS

[See also the Nakshatra and the Sun and Moon and the five planets]

ada [Uy. ada]; evil spirit, demon, devil; object of aversion; nuisance; obstacle, hindrance;

Nebesky-Wojkowitz describes these demons as spirits who attack especially children and who

are therefore similar to Tib. chung sri," (ODT, 539). This type of demon was absorbed into

Tibetan shamanism and Buddhism through Mongolian and especially Buriat shamanism. Cf.

ODT, 539. Bawden, citing Sandschejew, describes these demons thus:

According to Buriat tradition, one of the souls of a dead person, having been
captured or eaten up by the spirits, ends its existence, leaves the body and
becomes a boxolde, Khalkha boxuldui, or an ada, and establishes itself in a
reptile, and is particularly harmful to children.

He notes that Nebesky-Wojkowitz connects ada with Tib. chung sri and adds that it is usually

connected with Tib. gdon. Cf. SE I, p. 234, n. 58. kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r; qar-a

to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui

34v; ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; qorin ir(u(an-a qoor ada bolqu

56r; ada-du krtey 50r; ada-du uaraqu 50r.

ada todqor demons, obstacles; obstacle creating demons (ODT, 90); ada todqor i(ul'qu-

yin na(idar 29r; qulu(an-a qaabasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; sn kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu

57r; keriy-e kegbes [. . .] ada todqor bolqu 58r.

adala- to obsess, bewitch, bedevil; kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r; okin trbes erketen-

dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui

26v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v.

1104
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

albin/alban [Tib. bstan] demon, devil, evil spirit, sprit; cf. SE I, p. 246. albin salm-a-bar

kliki na(idar 27v; Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u [=albin-u] na(idar 29v; albin-u

degeremei odun 59r.

albin salm-a the devils net (RRS 432); albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar 27v.

albin-u degeremei the bandits of the albin demons: albin-u degeremei odun 59r.

altan ordo the golden celestial palace (Dor, v. 6, p. 11, v. 9, p. 21); altan ordo mr

(arbasu sayin 49r.

amatu sn-e ?milk at the mouth; perhaps tianru/tien-ju (Mathews 6362, 3144), a single star

(: Librae) at the mouth of gang/kang, the 2nd xiu (Ho 1966: 83): yeke amatu sn-e-dr morin

buu dobtul 33v; amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r.

Amindiu-a [S. Amitbha; Mong. a(lai gei gerelt]; the fourth dhyni-Buddha and the

ethereal form of kyamuni (Getty 1988: 37-39); Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar

naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r.

amin(-u) saki(ulsun life protection; a ritual for the protection of life (Beyer, p. 55).

arban qoyar ein the twelve lords (35v); a Chinese cycle of twelve days; it belongs to an

ancient astrological system, known as jianchu (after the first two terms in the cycle) that dates

to at least the Western Han (Allred, 2002: 65, n. 136; Ho 2003: 30); the manual gives a

transcription of the Chinese terms: jan, uu, man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], p, i, eng, iu, ke, bi;

their Mongolian translation: ejilegi, aril(a(i, dgrgi, tbsidkegi, to(ta(i, saki(i,

ebdegi, tigi [=tgigi], btgi, quriya(i, negegi, qa(a(i, and then the combination

of the two: an eilegi edr, etc.; cf. Mostaert MMAD, 21, n. 61; pentaglot dictionary, 17428-

1105
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

17440, pp. 997-998. For these twelve lords in Uigur sources, cf. Rachmati, #11, p. 308 and

Bazin, 1991: 287-288.

arban qoyar gdanm-a the twelve consorts (38v).

asuri [S. asura; Tib. lha ma yin; Mong. tngri busu]; a class of demi-gods, enemies of the

gods in Hindu mythology (Lessing, 1161); titans; antigods (cf. also Waddell 1978: 81-82). 'al

odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui 22v.

Ayui [Mong. a(lai gei nasutu]; name of a famous bodhisattva, the God of Long Life:

Ayui-yin nom ungiqui [. . .] iles-dr sayin 45v.

Badm-a dagini [S. padma lotus; S. dkin]; Padma dkin; one of the tabun dagini (five

dkin): Badm-a dagini 49v.

ba(atud the heroes: (aar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v; (aar-un ba(atud-un tere g ereg ba

negdel buu od 58v.

ba(u- to descend, i.e., a demon, god or spirit: burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin

a( 16r; tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 54r; tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r; Maqagala

ba(uqu edr 46v; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge 20r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r; Okin

tngri ba(uqu edrn belge 20r; (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu tula 58v.

Bajar dagini [S. vajra thunderbolt; S. dkin]; Vajra dkin, one of the tabun dagini (five

dkin,): Bajar dagini-yin ndsn 3r; Bajar dagini 49r.

baling do(in [Tib. gtor ma; Skt. bali]; a food offering to deities, usually made of dough

kneaded into various (often pyramidal) shapes (cf. Lessing, 80); cf. also RRS, 426-428; baling

1106
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

do(in gik edrn belge 20v; baling do(in 39v; baling do(in qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r.

bati bata ?: bati bata gik edrn belge 20v.

biyoo ?Ch. biao; perhaps this term is associated with the Chinese star term, Ch-men. The

term is given as bayuu; I transcribe b'yuu; for byuu, cf. Heissig, Die mongolischen

Handschriften--Reste aus Olon Sme Innere Mongolei (16.-17. Jhdt), p. 508; in the pentaglot

dictionary under the types of gods (Man. enduri i hacin) there is a Manchu deity, biyoo

(17457, p. 999); this is Chinese can gong (Mathews tsan, silkworm, 6698, p. 983; kung

palace, temple, dwelling, 3705, p. 544); biyoo 58v.

Buda dagini [S. buddha wisdom; S. dkin]; one of the tabun dagini (five dkin): Buda

dagini 49v.

burqad [pl. of burqan]; buddhas, gods, deities: qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun

sayiiyamu 60v.

burqan buddha, god, deity; image of a buddha: burqan bodis[n]g 1v; burqan im[n]us

kiged ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r; burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a(

16r; burqan takibasu 23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 35r,

35r; burqan buu taki 34v; burqan itgen inidkebes 24r; burqan btgebes 26r; burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v; nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu

sayin edr 37v; burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; burqan nom-i

amilabasu 44v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 48r; burqan tngri

buu taki 48r; burqan-dur aliba takil iledbes 31r; burqan-i takibasu 21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r,

1107
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

28v, 29r, 30r; burqan-i biil(abasu 26v; ilau tegs ngigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur 2r;

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 2r; burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret

sudur 2v; burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( 11r; burqan-u oron eribes 22v; aliba burqan-u

i(ul(an iledbes 26v; burqan-u ein mese-dr ky 34v; burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v.

a(-un qara the black hours (41r, 42r).

a(an baras the White Tiger (41r, 49r, 49r, 49r;) refers to the White Tiger of autumn,

which, together with the Red Bird of summer, the Blue Dragon of spring (kke luu), and the

Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf.

Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119).

a(an baras-un kl the leg of the white tiger, i.e., the base of the western constellation of

autumn, the White Tiger: a(anbaras-un kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

a(an baras-un niru(un the back of the white tiger tiger, i.e., the heart or middle of the

western constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: a(an baras-un niru(un mr (arbasu sayin

49r.

a(an baras-un terign the head of the white tiger, i.e., the head of the western

constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: a(an baras-un terign mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

idker devil, demon, fiend, ghost: ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i

odun ali bui 33v; ba(i kmn-i idker-<y>i bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ula(i Burnavasu buyu

33v; idker-nu(ud-i [=idker-ngd-i] nomo(odqabasu 23r.

idkd [pl. of idkr]; devils, demons, fiends; ghosts (Lessing, 177; cf. also Poppe 1967:

30-31, passim); tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui 26r; idkd

1108
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(ai(udaqu edr 48v; idkd-i daru- 26r, 27r, 45r; kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v; idkd-

<y>i nomo(odqabasu 34v; engkri idkd-i nomo(odqabasu 35v; idkd-<y>i buu daru(ul

34v.

i(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly influence: tngri-yin i(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; rn-e doron-a

i(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r; rn-e doron-a-yin

i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

i(ul- to assemble: i(ul(an buu i(ul 35r; i(ulbasu 46v; i(ul(an i(ulbasu 15r, 25v,

27v, 27v, 35r, 36v; arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu 22v; eyetldr-e i(ulbasu 22v; naiman

ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r; naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r; luus-un qad

i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r; (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r; erketen i(ul'qu edrn

belge 20r; ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar 29r; sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un

qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; i(ulqui-dur inu 38r; naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui qariqui

2v; naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui 2v; i(ulqui edr 38r;

Kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui bgetele 38v; eyetn i(ulqui 61r; i(ulumui 38r, 38r, 39r, 39v;

i(ul(an inu yer drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r; Qubi sarayin arban

drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; Qoyar

sarayin arban ir(u(an-a sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; 'urban

sarayin qorin qoyar-a sni-yin dli-yin urida drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v; Drben sarayin naiman inede r giki-dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v; Tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud

1109
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; ir(u(an inede ken i(ulumui 38v; Dolo(an

sarayin qorin tabun-a r geyiki-dr ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl nara

inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; Isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman

ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; Arban sarayin arban drben-

ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur

i(ulumui 38v; Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl

edr dli-ee sni krtel-e i(ulumui 38v.

ing bged gelen obo( the firm but gentle clan: Kerteg ua( qoyar ing

bged gelen obo(-tan buyu 61v.

ingbatu obo( the unshakeable clan: Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r.

inu-a wolf; lubin; werewolf; for the pervasiveness of wolves as demons, see de Santillana,

278; erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar 28r; gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v; inu-a-yin kimusun-i

bul(ura(ulu(i 33r, 33v.

ua( [Tib. chu-tshags, 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jschke, 158)]; star spirit, geomantic

spirit, (TEDP, 129-132): ua( kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

dada qan [Ch. tianhuang dadi/tien-huang ta-di]; Emperor Dada; a Chinese asterism

comprising one star, Polaris, the North Pole; known as the central palace of heaven and ruler

of the sky (Schlegel 1967: 523; Staal, 1984: 126; Allred, 2002: 117); the pole star commonly

1110
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

referred to in Mongolian as Altan (adasu (the golden spike [TU, 1991: 896]): dada qan

kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dagini [S. dkin; Tib. mkha gro ma (skywalker)]; a class of female spirits, prominent in

Buddhist tantras (Lessing, 1167) there are five dkin: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt)

dkin; 2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) dkin; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) dkin; 4.

Garm-a dagini = Karma (action) dkin; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) dkin; cf.

Beyer, 45; ODT, 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23: Bajar dagini 49v; Radn-a dagini

49v; Badm-a dagini 49v; Garm-a dagini 49v; Buda dagini 49v; Bajar dagini-yin ndsn 3r;

tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-<y>i ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v.

daru- to suppress, crush, i.e., an enemy or demon; to press down: dayisun darubasu 21v;

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu darubasu 27v; dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi

qabtasun-dur bii yabuqu mr-dr talbiu egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu

24r; idkd-i darubasu 26r, 27r; kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v; gked-n eliy-e(-yi)

darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v; eliy-e(-yi) darubasu 29r, 32r, 41r; dayisun-u ereg-n

noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged isn adqu iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge

daru(ad suu ali-yu(an takiju rn-e g uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 22r; dayisun-u noyan-u

ner-e-yi iruu(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr usun-dur daru(ad rn-e g ereg uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu 23r; dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi bii dolo(an alqu (aar-a isn

doboa( iroi door-a daru(ad 23v; dayisun-i daru(ad 25v; dayisun(-i) daruqu iles 23v, 26r,

29r, 31r, 42v; dayisun-i daruqu 45r; idkd-i daruqu 45r; nigen em-e isn er-e-yi daruqu odun

1111
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

59r; dayisun-i daruqui iles 46r; dayisun-i daruyu 22r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v,

24v, 29r; dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r; bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v.

daru(ul- [caus. of daru-]; 1. to cause to suppress, e.g., a demon; 2. to repeat, e.g., a

blessing; see MMAD, 65, note 132; DO, 124b, 406b (under jusu): idkd-<y>i buu daru(ul

34v; adis l daru(ulqu 61v; daru(ulqui-yin iles 35v.

dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; the sun; the yang principle (Lessing 1951: 158); while

Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here is likely to an asterism, dayang, so named

because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel 1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the

Mongolian star naran (TU, 903): dayang kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dayiwang tayiqu [Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother and father of

the emperor; as one of the four demons of a bride, context suggests that this pair belong as one

star spirit (52r); compare the celestial emperor (tianwang) and the heavenly empress (tianhou

[Schlegel 1967: 100, 149, 164]): dayiwang tayiqu 53r; beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes

dayiwang dayiqu itgen eke. lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai

52r.

degreng sang ?full treasury: degreng sang mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

do(id [S. raudra; Tib. drag gshed/drag po]; the ferocious or ruthless ones; Buddhas or

Bodhisattvas who guard the external world. They are terrible in appearance. There are many

of them but eight or nine principle ones; see Lessing, 1167, RRS, 90, 402-403, 418; do(id-un

ile(s) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v; do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar 29v; do(id-un

tarni uribasu 34v.

1112
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

do(in edr the fearsome day: do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r.

do(in gara( fearsome planet: do(in gara( 43r; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara(

bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui. do(in gara( kememi 22v; ginggang kemebes nara sara

bari(i do(in gara( 42v; gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v.

doto(adu ordo internal palace; the northern circumpolar stars; in China, India and ancient

Mesopotamia the sky is divided into three divisions, outer, middle, and inner, the middle

being the stars of the ecliptic, outer, the stars south of the ecliptic; and inner, the northern and

circumpolar stars (Needham 1959: 242-243, 255-257); a binary division of the sky is also

found, in which the inner palace refers to the stars beyond the twenty-eight lunar mansions

(Ch. xiu); this again indicates the northern circumpolar stars (Allred, 2002: 12; Needham

1959: 242-243); the inner palace is also represented by specific constellations, the six stars

of gouzhen (angular arranger, in Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and Cepheus), nine stars of wei

(the tail, the 6th xiu) and four stars of ji (the basket, the 7th xiu [Ho 1966: 67, 97-98]):

doto(adu ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

drben belbesn odun the four widow stars: drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg

istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r.

drben krdn obo( the four-wheels clan: Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun

drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

drben imnus-ud the four demons (imnus-ud): 1. those of heaven which instigate

lasciviousness; 2. those of the body which bring ignorance; 3. those of the spirit which cause

anger; and 4. those of the king of death which promote avarice (RRS, 645): 38v.

1113
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

drben tan odun ?the four tan nakshatra (indicating significance for those of rank, to

whom tan is used as an honorific): drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar

Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

drben r-e tasura(san odun the four nakshatra in which descendants are cut off:

drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r.

ebedin ada illness demons: ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r.

egdgsen isn tngri the nine creator gods; see BTD, 177, #2288; for the gods who

created the nine dwelling places of human beings; egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu 28v.

eed/eid [pl. of een]; lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to spirits: (aar usun-u eid 2v;

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu

30r; (aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r.

een/ein lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to both people and spirits: kln een

8r/kln ein 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; burqan-u ein mese-dr ky

34v; debel ba ger ed'kebes ein inu kk 35r; arban qoyar ein 35v; tngri-yin Vim-a neret

deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein

qa(an kemegdey 39v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v; (aar-un

ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; in-e ger-dr orobasu gern ein qa(acaqu 47v; tngri (aar-un

on sara edr a( me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r;

(ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r; in-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu ein-d ma(u 53v; (aar-

un ein-i takibasu 34v; (aar-un ein- gara( 24r.

1114
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eke 1. mother; refers to both people and spirits; 2. origin source; see also eki: itgen(-)

eke 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; itgen eke Takiy-a (aar-a 8r; itgen-

eke ker (aar-a 9r; beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang dayiqu itgen eke. lii klil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyenek kereg-d bolai 52r; dayiwang tayiqu qangpan qongpan

itgen- eke abu kiged-n g buu yabu 53r; eige eke deg amidu bges mn tegn-d

ma(u 51v; drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; ede sarada eige eke-

de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v; basa nigen eket 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r,

56r, 60v; nigen eket 52r; eige eke-yu(an [=ygen] arumui 43r.

eke [Tib. ma-mo]; Hriti, the child-eating yakshini and queen of the pretas, mother of the

daitya-demons (Waddell 1978: 99, 369); drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v.

ekener [Tib. ma-mo]; mother-she-devils (Ma-mo), black colored, the disease mistresses;

they are sometimes the spouses of the other malignant demons and cannot be very sharply

demarcated from other she-devils (Waddell 1978: 370); Cornu describes them as, a very

numerous class of fierce female deities. Although they predate Buddhism, they have been

assimilated to the Matrika, a type of sorcerer of the charnel grounds. These black goddesses

personify natural forces that become destructive when disturbed. They carry bags full of

disease germs and comprise the retinue of the Great Dharma Protectresses (Cornu 1997: 252);

ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl 38v.

1115
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eliy-e One meaning for eliy-e is as a hawk-like bird, another is a kind of demon; in the pre-

classical language initial h- distinguished bird (heliy-e) from demon (Golden 2000: 198A6,

186C20, 200A25); Bawden, citing Kowaleski, describes the eliy-e as "an evil hostile spirit in

the form of a bird, goblin, devil," Tib. 'gon po. Tib. 'gon po, he notes, is equivalent in the

pentaglot dictionary to Mo. klin, Manchu ekin, "an ugly demon," cf. Hauer. "Eliy-e," is

given here he says, "as a terrifying demon . . . . mentioned as the agent of disease or death

without any indications that would serve to define its nature more exactly." However, the

pentaglot dictionary gives for eliy-e Tib. bya 'dre, which Jschke translates as "a winged

diabolical creature, harpy." Cf. SE I, 243-245; i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui

9r; eliy-e da(a(san kmn 22v; eliy-e ldebes 27r; gked-n eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v,

30v, 30v; eliy-e-yi darubasu 29r, 41r; gked-n eliy-e-[y]i darubasu 31v eliy-e darubasu

32r; abu(i eliy-e odun 59r.

engkri dear, favorite, beloved, tender; a kind of demon: engkri kbegn 28r, 35r, 44r;

engkri idkd 35v; engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r.

erketen [S. indriya; Tib. dbang po] powerful ones, masters; a kind of demonic spirit;

various lists are given, the most common referring to the five senses (Lessing 1169; cf. KOT

72, 107, passim; Aalto 1961: 23; Poppe 1967: 27); erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede

qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; okin trbes erketen-dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v;

erketen-i takibasu 27v; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; Burvasad na(idar kemebes erketen-

na(idar bui 30r.

1116
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

erlig [S. Yama; Tib. gshin-rje; Mong. kln ejin]; king of hell; god of death; comparable

to Pluto; Erlig is the king of the underworld, but as Bawden says "the term is also used to

designate his minions: here it may be equivalent to Tib. gshin-rje, a class of death-bringing

demons for which see Oracles and Demons, p. 82" (SE I, p. 238, n. 70); modun erlig 8r, 9r,

10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin

krtel-e erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl 38v; kbes erlig-d-n udusq-a bui 28v; erlig-n inu-a

gik na(idar 28r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v.

(aar usun-u eid guardian spirits of a place. Cf. Waddell 1978: 372; (aar usun-u eid 2v;

(aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v.

(aar-un ba(atud the heroes of the earth (58v, 58v, 58v).

(aar-un egde [Tib. sa-sgo]; the earthly gate; a celestial passageway, counterpart to the

heavenly gate (tngri-yin egde); in the manual the earthly gate refers to the nakshatra Barani

(S. Bharan); through these gateways spirits pass, often bringing negative influence (TEDP,

86; ODT, 285-298; Krueger 1976: 207, 234, 253, 272; Srkzi 1989: 320; Dollfus 1994);

(aar-un egde ali bui 33r; (aar-un egde mn Barani 33r.

(aar-un een/eid [Skt. bhmipati; Tib. sa-bdag]; lords of the earth, spirit lords of the soil;

genius loci; the number of the various lords of the earth is said to be infinite; the prinary

source enumerating them is the Byung-ba rin-chen kun-dus [Gathering of all precious

elements] (cf. TEDP, 120, 419); see also Waddell 1978: 371-372; (aar-un eed i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 20v; dumdadu bk

(aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r; (aar-un eid luus-

1117
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

un qad-un ada adalamui 34v; (aar-un ein-i takibasu 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i

takibasu 39v; (aarun ein qa(an 39v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r; ebdegi qara

qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v.

(aar-un (al fire of the earth; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the Indian

Srya Siddhnta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess, 379-383); (aar-un

(al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

(aar-un noqai the dog of the earth; mundane or earthly counterpart to the Dog of Heaven

(tngri-yin noqai): (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin bui

20v.

(aar-un snes the spirit of the earth: (aar-un snes 58v; Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai

edr (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

(asalang-un mr the path of affliction: umara (asalang-un mr 54r; rn-e (asalang-un

mr 54r; doron-a (asalang-un mr 54r; drben obkis (asalang-un mr 54r.

(okimui withering; Ordus pronunciation of qokimai "dry, dried up" (Lessing, 956); term

has many meanings, including: the Buddhist idea of "the misery of the gods" when their merit

is finally exhausted; after almost incalculable time "this lake of nectar dries up" (Waddell

1978: 88-89); Hindu eschatology states the world will perish because of the conjunction of

12 suns, which will destroy the earth by withering all substances (Sachau 1971: 325); it also

refers to the image of a skull pan, made of dough, which is placed on a pyramid, also made

of dough, in a religious service known in Tibetan as zor (RRS 493) and the dancing skeletons

in the Tsam ceremony (RRS 510-511); the form here is short for modun (okimui; this is wood

1118
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

which may be decorated with cloth and expelled as a ransom figure (SE II, 173, n. 78):

(okimui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; modun (okimui 48r.

gara( [S. graha seizer, Tib. za]; planet; planets; known as seizer in Indian astrology

because they lay hold of the fates of men with their supernatural influence (Burgess 1859:

275; see also Stone 1981: 94): gara( 54v; taban gara( 2r; ndsn- geign-i nigleski

gara( 2r; gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; qorin naiman na(idar-

lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu 21r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un

sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem 21v; Saran

odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara(

bki 22v; do(in gara( 22v; tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v;

Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-un qa(an-u gara( bki 22v; Modun odun kemebes gelen

galbaranjan modun-u gara( bki 23r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara(

bki 23v; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r; gara( tegs

inu sayin 24v; gara( ba yabuqui odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v; isn gara( 32v; niiged

gara( bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin inu 38r; nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v; odun gara(

ede bgde-yin ein inu 55r; odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r; niiged gara(-

lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui 33r; gara(-ud 45v; gara(-ud-iyar; gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v; gara(-ud-un; gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in inu 39v;

gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v; gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v; gara(-un qubil(an 39v;

do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu 43r

1119
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

gara(-ud the planets; [Tib. za; Skt. graha]; the planets; malevolent planetary spirits which

cause diseases such as epilepsy. Some are seasonal, such as the black dog, which comes in

the spring; cf. Waddell 1978: 369; Cornu 1997: 252; r giki-dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v.

Garm-a dagini [S. karma action; S. dkin]; Karma dkin; one of the five dkin (49v).

gdanm-a [Tib. gtan "consort" + -m-a ?feminine ending]; consort; cf. Das, 521; arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v.

ger-n qo(osun ?the doppelgnger of a [heavenly] loci (48v). It is said that the empty

home is of such bad quality it is demonized. See Srkzi BTD, 2437, p. 187. Mostaert, citing

Jschke, gives a Tibetan equivalent as k'ang-stong "an empty house, which is thought a fit

place for sorcery and necromancy (MMAD, 36, n. 94; Jschke, 38a). The reference must also

have an astrological meaning, which is more relevant. The term qo(osun refers to an occult

form or doppelgnger (Ch. kong/kung empty [cf. Ho 2003: 122]), and ger, a celestial house

as in the signs of the zodiac. See, for example, the phrase ordon inu qo(osun in the

Klacakra (KOT 77). Cf. also under qo(osun and qo(osun qumq-a.

ginggang [Tib. king kang/kang dang king]; a terrifying deity, which is said to signify

Rhu/Rhula; (cf. Jschke, 3b, 2b); cf. also Mostaert DO, 548; ODT, 147; ginggang gik

edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg

bui 20v; ginggang kemebes nara sara bari(i do(in gara( kememi qamu(-i geyireglgi

qara imu kemem 42v; iyerk qara edr ginggang ingpng giki edr ma(u 53r.

grgein imnus hunter demons: grgein imnus-un odun 59r.

1120
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

gi- to run, e.g. of fish, of demons: ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v Bati

bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v; ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara

dusul bui 20v; baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; erlig-n inu-a

gik na(idar 28r; qara ingpng giki 42r; ginggang ingpng giki edr 53r; gimi

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v; usun-u dotor-a i(asun gimi 8r; usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi

9r; idei eren gimi 40r, 40r; [x] g gimi 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r; edr dli emn-e g-ee

umara g gimi 40r; rn-e-ee doron-a g sni dli gimi 40r; qoyar sarayin Baras Bein

edr sni dli gimi 42r; egni gik eser'g irig uduridbasu 40r; edr nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a gimi 42r; Baras Bein edr r geyiki-dr gimi 42r; ker Qonin edr nara

inggeki a(tur gimi 42r; Tabun sarayin ker Qonin edr nara ur(uqui a(tur gimi 42r;

ir(u(an sarayin ker Qonin edr nara manduqui-dur gimi 42v; Dolo(an sarayin Luu

Noqai edr nara manduqui a(tur gimi 42v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein

giki edr 43v.

idei food, nourishment, e.g., for demons: gara( idei erik edrn 20v; saran-lu(-a edr

qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v; tngri-yin noqai

idei erik edr 20v; ginggang idei erik edr 20v; (aar-un noqai idei erik edr 20v;

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; idei eren gimi 40r, 40r; idei ereki a( 42v;

gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v.

Jagavar/Jagarvadi [S. Cakravartin; Mong. krdn erglgi qa(an]; The "Wheel

turning King" or ruler of the universe; cf. Lessing, 504; Waddell 1978: 389: kbegn

trbes Jagarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu boluyu 26v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali

1121
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bui 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a neret qoyar

odun bui 32v.

Jagr-a sambur-a Cakrasambara; the "Binder of Energy Centers," a purely symbolic tantric

deity; cf. Lopez (Tibet), 41; Beyer (1973): 41-42; Jagr-a sambur-a 1v; Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin

yosu(ar 3r.

janggn/sanggn [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chn, the general (Mathews 656.h.13)] ike

jangjun tenggeri, (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/tien-ta-chiang-chn (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel 1967: 339; Staal, 1984: 55; Allen, 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun (TEDP, 122-126): janggn, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r; janggn

doron-a 8r; sanggn umar-a 19r.

a(an elephant: tabun odun-u dri inu a(an met bui 30v; miqai a(an odun 59r; miqai

a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqai a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; o(tu yeke a(an-dur tariyan

buu tari 33v; o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r; a(an-u terign met 59v, 59v; ir(u(an odun-

u dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 29v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u terign met bui

31r.

il-n Tayisui [Ch. Taisui jinian (Ho 2003: 32-33); Tib. lo-skar che-ba]; see under tayisui:

il-n Tayisui kemebes Qulu(an-a ker il doron-a. Baras Taulai il emn-e. Luu Mo(ai il

emn-e rn-e. Morin Qonin il rn-e. Bein Takiy-a il rn-e umara. Noqai 'aqai il

umara. ede g-d sa(umu 55v.

1122
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara the black times of the years, months, days and hours: il

kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r.

ir(u(an teryinar the six heretics of India who had to be overcome by Buddha

Shakyamuni; (see RRS, 371): ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r.

obalang-un tngri [Ch. huo calamity; misfortune; judgements from heaven, (Mathews

2399); Tib. pung lha]; god of suffering; ike jobalanggun tenggeri, (Pentaglot, 17450, p.

998): obalang-un tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r;

obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr 56v.

oliy-a mr ransom path; the road on which the ransom figure is to be cast; cf. the "yas"

road (Waddell 1978: 458); oliy-a mr 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

kke luu [Ch. Canglong/ Tsang-lung (Mathews 6714, 4258)]; the Blue dragon (49r, 49r,

49r); refers to the Blue Dragon of spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn

(a(an baras) , the Red Bird of summer (ula(an aa(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter

(qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade,

passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119).

kke luu-yin kl the foot of the blue dragon; refers to the third Chinese lunar mansion (Ch.

di/ti (Mathews 6187) foundation); it lies at the end of the eastern spring palace, the Blue

Dragon, comprising four stars (Schlegel 1967: 102): kke luu-yin kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u

49r.

kke luu-yin niru(un the back of the blue dragon; refers to the second Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. gang/kang (Mathews 3273) throat); it lies in the midst of the eastern spring

1123
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

palace, the Blue Dragon, and comprises four stars (Schlegel 1967: 93): kke luu-yin niru(un-

tur mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

kke luu-yin terign the head of the blue dragon; refers to the first Chinese lunar mansion

(Ch. jiao/chiao (Mathews 1174) horn); it lies at the head of the eastern spring palace, the

Blue Dragon, comprising two stars, " and . Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 87): kke luu-yin terign-

dr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

kriyelegl- to gather around: naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r;

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar

kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v;

gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38v; ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar

kriyelegl . . . i(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur

i(ulumui 38v; ya(as-un ayima(-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v;

erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl edr dli-ee sni krtel-e i(ulumui 38v.

krte- to touch; to fall ill: qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v ebedin krtebes; 40r, 42v; luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; ada-du krtey 50r.

luu-yin qutu( dragons bliss; this likely refers to the Chinese asterism tianfu/tien-fu

(Mathews 6359, 1978) celestial bliss comprising two stars, perhaps 3 Scorpii and 8 Librae;

the association with the dragon lies in that it is located in the palace of the Blue Dragon of

Spring: luu-yin qutu( mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

1124
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Luuq-a odun [S. Rhu; Tib. gzachen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Rhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Rhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the suns path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18 years; in Hindu

mythology Rhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

Rhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

by the 8th century A.D. Rhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi

[Stone 1981: 25-36]); cf. also Burgess 1859: 194; Mostaert MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94;

Cornu 1997: 144; Indian Rhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the

dragon, that stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends

of a diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

luus-un qad [S. Nagesvara raja; Tib. kLu dban gi rgyal po]; dragon kings; the minions of

the King of the Dragons or Ngas; (cf. Waddell 1978: 345, n. 1; ODT, 32); for lists of

individual dragon kings, see RRS, 662-663; see also Dor, v. 5, 682; arban tabun-a luus-un

qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r;

Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r; luus-un qad-un oga iledbes

22r; okin trbes erketen-dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i

asabasu 30r; luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui

34v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar

1125
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i

takibasu 39v; luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r.

Mahauvari Mahevara; his consort is Mahmy; he is trampled by Trailokyavijaya; cf.

Bhattachartya, 1924: 121, 147; Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, 5A17; Mahauvari tngri

kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigten-iyer kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u

nasun to(olan tengse i(ulqui-dur inu 38r; Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v.

mang(us monsters; fabulous, usually many-headed monster, a kind of ogre (Lessing, 527);

tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud 38v.

Manjuari Majuri, the Bodhisattva who holds the Book of Wisdom and wields the

Sword of Knowledge, is the patron of mathematics or astrology; see Waddell 1978: 355-356;

Cornu 1997: 39. Manjuari 1v, 1v, 2v; deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id-aa

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id blam-a

Manjuari-dur mrgmi 1v; burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g in 2r; Manjuari-yin

Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; Enedk[e]g-ee ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r; odun-

lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai 2v.

Maqagala/Mahagala [S. Mahkla, "The Great Black One]; (cf. ODT, 38-67); Maqagala-

yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Maqagala ba(uqu edr 46v; ede edd

Mahagala kiged rduvrma duvngli kibes sayin 47r.

Maq-a mayai Mahmya, "The Great Creative Illusion; a fierce tantric deity. Cf. Lopez

(Tibet), 179; Beyer, 41-42; Maq-a mayai 1v.

1126
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

mai okilan obo( the eminently accommodating clan: Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad

Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

mai tbin obo( the eminently just clan: Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden

mai tbin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

miqai a(an the carnivorous elephant: miqai a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqai

a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; miqai a(an odun 59r.

miqai gebri the carnivorous jackal: miqai gebri-yin odun 59r.

modun erlig wooden erlig; Erlig is the king of the underworld, but as Bawden says "the

term is also used to designate his minions: here it may be equivalent to Tib. gshin-rje, a class

of death-bringing demons for which see Oracles and Demons, p. 82" (SE I, 238, n. 70);

modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

modun gokimoi wooden gokimoi (48r); see Heissig and Bawden, 1971: 170. 172.

na(adum/na(addun/na(adun game; festival: taiyang(ui yeke na(adum inggeldki

28v; na(adun inggeldn ir(abasu 31r; na(addun na(adbasu 35r; na(addun inggeki 46r;

Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v.

naiman ayima( [Tib. sde-brgyad]; the eight classes; supernatural beings, spirits. There are

diverse classifications. Cf. Waddell 1978: 366-367 for one group of "eight classes" of which

some members are listed in the manual. The basic reference, however, is to the class of

demons known in Tibetan as the yul lha "country gods." Cf. Waddell 1978: 369-370; ODT,

4, 254-256; and TEDP, passim.; Cornu 1997: 247-252; naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui

qariqui 2v; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r;

1127
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu

temeildbes 35r; naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an inu yer drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-

e i(ulumui 38r; Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-

iyer kriyelegl 38r; tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigten bgede Smber a(ula-yin

orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v; isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui bgetele

qorin isn-e sni dli tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an buyu

38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r.

naiman luus-ud qad the eight dragon kings: naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v.

naiman ber-n odun the personal nakshatra: naiman ber-n odun kemebes Ardar

Burnavasu qoyar Qasta Jayitar qoyar. Anurad Tanisa qoyar. Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar

bui 60v.

nomo(adqa- to pacify, subdue, e.g., an enemy; demons: dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r;

idker-nu(ud-i nomo(odqabasu 23r; idkd-yi nomo(odqabasu 34v, 35v; qari-yi

nomo(odqabasu 28r; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r; kger-i

nomo(adqabasu 46v; ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r; nomo(odqaqui ile 31v.

nki- to become intimate; to become possessed by a demon (Lessing 593): egn-lge

[n]kibes 42v.

1128
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Okin tngri [Tib. Lha-mo]; girl god; given in the manual as okin tngri for kin tngri; cf.

RRS, 430-432; Waddell 1978: 334, 364; ODT, 23; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala

bui 20r; (uin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r.

ong(od [pl. of ong(on]; spirit inhabiting a material object, genie, guardian spirit, tutelary

deity; spirit of a deceased person, ghost; pure, holy, sacred consecrated; tomb of a saint or an

imminent person, family tomb; shamanist ancestral idol; naturally white hair (Lessing, 614);

cf. also SE II, pp. 168-173; ong(od-i takibasu 35v; tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

36v, 37r, 48r; burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v.

gked-n eliy-e the demons of the little ones: gked-n eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v,

30v, 30v, 31v.

ken qara edr [Tib. nyi ma nag chung ba]; a slightly black day; this is to be contrasted

with the yeke qara edr; (see TEDP, 123, 133): ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul

bui 20v.

li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar the eight fortunate nakshatra: qorin naiman

na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. dorona Margasar Bus qoyar

emne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar. rn-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar. umara

Udaribadaribad kiged Aivani qoyar 60v.

qalqalaqu amitan protective animal: qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59v.

qangpan qongpan Queen Qangpan (TEDP, 122); qangpan qongpan 53r.

qara a( [black hour, i.e., a dark hour when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); il kiged

sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r.

1129
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qara edr black day, i.e., a bad day when demons roam; noted as well is the especially black

day (yeke qara edr); (cf. TEDP 123-135); yeke qara edr 20v, 41v, 41v; il kiged sar-a edr

a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; il kiged sar-a edr a(-un

qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; geyireglgi qara edr 41v; iyerk qara edr 53r.

qara il black year, i.e., a bad year when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); il kiged sar-a

edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r.

qar-a mr the black path (52v).

qara qara(ai black hawk: (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v.

qara sara 1. black moon (a symbol); doro(i qandu(san qara sara 20v; 2. black month,

i.e., a bad year when demons roam; (cf. TEDP, 123-135); qara saras 41r, 41r; il kiged sar-a

edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; qara sarayin asal 50v.

qara imu black imnus demons (42v).

qara ingpng black Zinpung demons: qara ingpng-n yabudal 42r; qara ingpng

giki 42r; qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v.

qara yasutu meneki the black-shelled turtle; refers to the Black Tortoise of winter, which,

together with the Blue Dragon of spring (kke luu), the White Tiger of autumn (a(an baras),

and the Red Bird of summer (ula(an aa(ai), make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf.

Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119):

qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r.

qari 1. obstacle, hindrance, barrier; misfortune, evil; hostile; contrary, opposed, anti-

(Lessing, 940); (ai qari 47v; Baras iln qari bein g qadqu 50v; qari 50v; borbin-dur

1130
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

okin-da(an qari 52v; sn kir(abasu nidn-dr qari 57v; qari-yi nomo(odqabasu 28r; 2.

palace hall; palace [Ch. tian]; ordo qari asabasu 21v.

qata(uu do(in obo( the severe and fearsome clan: Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden

drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

qo(osun qumq-a empty pitcher; Charles Bawden defines qo(osun qumq-a as, "a device

for categorizing directions which are taboo for certain purposes at certain times" (SE II,164-

165). Bawden and Heissig's catalogue of the Copenhagen collection describes qo(osun

qumq-a this way:

A diagram with four vases disposed around a central yin-yang figure; around
each vase are three of the twelve animal-cycle names. Explanations follow.
. . . Top headings are the twelve animal-cycle names. Side headings are forty-
two names of days and other occurrences. Within the table are given numbers,
names from the animal-cycle, colours, directions, etc. etc. In the following
folios the various occurrences are elucidated. (Heissig and Bawden, 1971:
173, Mong. 375)

Cf. also Waddell 1978: 458. As is clear from this description the term refers to a celestial

influence of some kind. It likely refers to an occult form or doppelgnger (qo(osun) of

Aquarius the Pitcher (qumq-a); cf. also ger-n qo(osun. Perhaps, however, the reference is

to Ch. tianchi/tien-chi (Mathews 6361, 549), which is another name for the 18th Chinese

asterims, mao, the Pleiades (Schlegel 1967: 353): qo(osun qumq-a 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r,

14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara rn-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu

egnde. Mo(ai emn-e. Morin rn-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Bein eg[n]de. Takiy-a emn-e.

Noqai rn-e 'aqai qoyin-a. Qulu(an-a egnde. ker sara emn-e g amui 58v.

qoor ada demons of harm: qoor ada bolqu 56r.

1131
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qubil(an transformation; metamorphosis; a Buddha incarnate living god: amitan-u itegel

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 26; yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara

bolai 8r; baling do(in inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v.

Radn-a dagini [S. ratna jewel; S. dkin]; Ratna dkin; on of the the five dkin (tabun

dagini [49v]).

ra(as/ra(is/ra(is [S. rksasa; Tib. srin po]; ogres; demons associated with the Yeaks,

a Dravidian people from the south of India. Cf. Hackin, pp. 214-215. Cf. also ODT, p. 14,

passim.; ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v; Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes ra(is-un

qo(olai met na(idar 27v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar 28v.

Raqula [S. Rhula]; Rhula is another term for Rhu, the moon's ascending node, a

mythological planet, the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was

believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them; for a

detailed description of attributes, etc., cf. ODT, 259-263; Waddell 1978: 377; Smber a(ula-

yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v.

saki(ulsun [S. pla; Tib. srung ma]; protection; protector, genius protector, a class of

deities: amin(-u) saki(ulsun 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; amin saki(ulsun

doron-a emn-e 8r; amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r; amin saki(ulsun iled- 34r, 46r; amin

saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v; amin-u saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v; amin(-u) oli(

saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; saki(ulsun iledbes 23r, 26v, 28r, 29r; ebedin-

1132
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kmn saki(ulsun iledbes 28v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu 31r; ber-n

saki(ulsun-iyan keiye 43r.

sang quriyang(ui treasure collection; perhaps this refers to the Chinese constellation

gulou/ku-lou (Mathews 3496, 4143), the treasury, comprising ten stars in the lower center

of Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 1967: 136): sangquriyang(ui mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

sarayin (al fire of the moon; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the Indian

Srya Siddhnta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess, 379-383); these

malignant aspects are said to result in "consuming fire" and at these moments the time is

"forbidden for all works. This, then, seems to be the context as well for l sedk, which

follows tngri-yin (al. Sara-yin (al, which begins to occur in these lists of influences in the

following month, is also associated with consuming fire. For more direct references of

these terms to the context given here I have only been able to find a relevant term for sara-yin

(al, which is given in Cornu as "Fiery lunar days" (p. 212); sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r,

14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

sarayin qo(osun the empty days of the month (40r).

sn-e ?: amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r; yeke amatu sn-e-dr morin buu dobtul

33v.

suu ali spirit protector; genius: suali-yu(an takiu 21v; suu ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 25v, 28v.

sing ?; a celestial palace: sing kemek edr mr (arbasu dumda 49v.

1133
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565); an asterism comprising one star; it represents the

state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as 0

Serpens (Schlegel 1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (Staal 1984: 135); (cf. also TU,

899): sng kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

snes(n) the animating principle; spirit; soul: ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v;

ariyatan-u snesn na(idar 27v; emegen- snesn na(idar 31v; kger-n snesn

tlebes 35v; (aar-un snes 58v, 58v.

abu ?: abu kiged-n g buu yabu 53r.

imnus/im[n]us/ilmus/imu [S. Mra; Tib. Bdud;] demon, demons; in Buddhism the

imnus demons are associated with The Evil One, The Tempter; originally the term comes to

the Mongols through Uigur mnu from Sogdian (Christian) mn, meaning "demon, evil

spirit" (Lessing, 710, 1183); Pozdneyev describes them as follows: simnus, or silmu(s), T.

bdud, from S. ama, tranquility, and na, destruction. These are spirits which entangle one

in a web of passion and try to involve them in sins to shake their faith. They are instigators

of sensual enjoyment, rulers of the samsara, adversaries of nirvana. There are four kinds:

those of heaven which instigate lasciviousness; those of the body which bring ignorance;

those of the spirit which cause anger; and those of the king of death which promote avarice

(RRS, 645); burqan im[n]us kiged ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r; im[n]us-i ila(u(san

edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-

a 20r; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; ber'i ba(ul(abasu debes

imnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v; im[n]us btgebes 28r; ista na(idar

1134
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kemebes im[n]us-un na(idar bui 29v; (aar kdelbes tngri im[n]us gen bolumui 32r;

drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; qamu(-i geyireglgi qara imu

kemem 42v; tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr kemebes 43r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr 45r; beri-

yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang tayiqu itgen eke. lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i

keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r; usun-dur alda(san imnus-un odun 59r; grgein imnus-

un odun 59r.

ingpng/ingbng [Tib. Zin p'ung]; a kind of genius loci (cf. Waddell 458); ingpng

gik edr 20v, 53v; qara ingpng giki anu 42r; qara ingpng-n yabudal kemebes 42r;

qara ingpng-yin belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v.

itgen- eke/itgen eke mother of the sitgen (8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r, 52r, 53r); perhaps this refers to Tr, who is described as a mother . . . on

whom her devotees can rely for help (Beyer 1973: 55); cf. also Waddell 1978: 434-437. The

term eke-yin itgen is commonly found in the Klacakra and other sources (KOT 56).

tabun dakini the five dkin (49v); these are: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt) dkin;

2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) dkin; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) dkin; 4. Garm-a

dagini = Karma (action) dkin; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) dkin; cf. Beyer, 45;

ODT, 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23.

tabun gara( the five planets, i.e., Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The reference

in the text might be to sections of the Klacakra sources which treat the five planets. An

1135
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

example of this would be Klacakratantra I,40-I,49(1), which describes "the movement of

the five planets", cf. Schuh, 25; tabun gara( 2r.

tabun qalqala(i five protectors, talismans: 1. the quill feather of a raven (qong keriy-e-

[=yin] soddu); 2. the shell of a turtle (yasutu menekei-yin krmeli); 3. the spine of a porcupine

(so( ariyan-u rgesn); 4. the horn of an antelope (orong(u-yin eber); 5. the tusk of a wild

boar (bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a): tabun qalqala(i ede kemebes. qong keriy-e- [=yin]

soddu. yasutu menekei-yin krmeli. so( ariyan-u rgesn. orong(u-yin eber. bodong (aqay-

yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r.

tai(ura- to indulge: tai(ura(san-u tulada ene sarada qariqu gei bgetel-e ir(u(an

inede ken i(ulumui 38v.

tayisui [Ch. taisui/tai-sui (Mathews 6020.a 22)]; Jupiter; the "Great Year" star in Chinese

astrology; yin counterpart to the planet Jupiter; a star god that presides over the year; cf.

Smith, Chinese Astrology (1992): 6, 11; compare the Hindu god, Indra; tayisui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r,

12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; il-n tayisui 55v.

teryinar heretics; the six heretics of India had to be overcome by Buddha Shakyamuni; (see

RRS, 371): ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r.

tngri [S. deva/sura; Tib. lha]; 1. heaven; 2. god/gods: Manjuari tngri 1v; tngri (aar-un

qorin drben a(ur a( 6r; tngri (aar-yi taki(basu) 32v, 35r; tngri (aar-un on sara edr a(

me 55r; yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; obalang(-un) tngri

yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr

56v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr(-n belge) 20r, 47r; (uin qoyar okin tngri

1136
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

32v; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri im[n]us ken bolumui 32r; tngri ilmus

(adqulduqui edr 43r; tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar 26r; tngri

ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; Mahauvari tngri 38r; tngri mang(us naiman

aima(-ud terigten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an

buyu 38v; ed-n tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu

38r; burqan tngri buu taki ma(u bui 48r; burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( 16r;

tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r; qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayiiyamu 60v; tngri-nern

nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu 5v; tngri-nern gara( 21v; tngri-ner-n na(idar 27v, 30v;

tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; egdgsen isn tngri-i uribasu 28v; bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen

idamui 32v; tngri-yi takibasu 36v; tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; tngri-

yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r; tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v; tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu 25v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san

na(idar 28v; tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun 32v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v;

tngri-yin egde 33r, 33r; tngri-yin i(ta(-a 33v, 34r; tngri-yin vim-a 39v; tngri-yin mr

kemek edr 49r; tngri-yin egde(n) 49r, 49v; tngri-yin egden odun 59r; tngri-yin qoriyan

49r; tngri-yin erdeni 49r; tngri-yin qula(ai 49r; tngri-yin ordo 49r; tngri-yin ayul 49r; tngri-yin

sang 49r, 49v; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v; tngri-yin

segder 49v; tngri-yin qo(olai 49v; tngri-yin ijim odun 59r.

tngri (aar heaven and earth: tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a( 6r; tngri (aar-yi

taki(basu) 32v, 35r; tngri (aar-un on sara edr a( me 55r.

1137
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tngri imnus gods and demons: tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri im[n]us

ken bolumui 32r; tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr 43r.

tngri-yin ayul heavenly danger: tngri-yin ayul-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin i(ta(-a the celestial rope; this asterism is ista (S. Jyesth), comprising three

stars that form an almost straight line (Burgess 1859: 337): 33v, 34r.

tngri-yin egde(n)/egde [Tib. gnam-sgo; Ch. tianmen/tien-men]; the heavenly gate,

i.e., the vernal equinox; a constellation comprising two stars in Virgo; it marks the arrival of

the vernal equinox (Schlegel 1967: 488); according to the Vaidrya dKar-po, it is through the

heavenly gate that people are exposed to avalanches, lightning bolts, stroke and epilepsy;

these calamities are remedied by ritual thread crosses; the term also refers to the smoke-hole

of a Mongolian tent (TEDP, 86, note 92; ODT, 369-397; Dor, v. 6, 1966: 36; Ho, 1966: 91;

Camman 1963: 20; Srkzi 1989: 320): 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin egden-dr mr (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin egden odun 59r.

tngri-yin erdeni [Ch. tian bao/tien pao]; the heavenly jewel (Dor, v. 6, p. 11): tngri-yin

erdeni-dr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin (al fire of heaven; in Chinese sources the celestial fire is Antares, also known as

anti-Ares, peer of Mars (Schafer 1977: 117); tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r.

tngri-yin mr [tianjie/tian-chieh]; the heavenly way; perhaps the first star of the Northern

Dipper (Allred, 2002: 65); perhaps an asterism comprising two stars between the Pleiades and

1138
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Hyades; this asterism is said to guard barriers, passes and the frontier of the empire (Schlegel

1967: 372-373): tngri-yin mr kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin noqai [Ch. tiangou/tien-gou; Tib. gnam-khyi]; the dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin qara noqai (the black dog of heaven [55r, 55v]);

in the manual, a section given to the descent of the black dog of heaven describes seven

parts of the dogs body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this

refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/tien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and

h of Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-

153); the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout

Eurasia; it likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under

gebri [Allen, 1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-

296; Dor, v. 1, 1966: 27, 60): Tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v.

tngri-yin okin the daughter of heaven: tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun 32v.

tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace: tngri-yin ordo-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin qara noqai [Tib. gnam khyi nag po]; the black dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin noqai (the dog of heaven [55r, 55v]); in the

manual, a section given to the descent of the black dog of heaven describes seven parts of

the dogs body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this refers to

the Chinese constellation tiangou/tien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and h of

Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-153);

the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout Eurasia; it

1139
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under gebri [Allen,

1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-296; Dor, v. 1,

1966: 27, 60): Tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r.

tngri-yin qo(olai the throat of heaven (49v).

tngri-yin qoriyan [Ch. Tianjiu/tien-chiu (Mathews 6361, 1201)]; the heavenly corral; an

asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the north of the 14th Chinese asterism

bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad; the culmination of this asterism at the end of winter

indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related rituals (Schlegel 1967:

309-315; Staal 1984: 98-99; TU, 1991: 910): tngri-yin qoriyan-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin qula(ai the heavenly thief: tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin sang heavenly treasure; a constellation comprising six stars under Auvani [= 16th

Chinese lunar mansion, lou] (Tngri-yin udq-a, 1991: 912): tngri-yin sang-dur mr (arbasu

sayin 49r.

tngri-yin segder the shadow of heaven (49v).

todqor [Tib. bgegs (SE I, 246)]; demon, evil spirit, obstacle, obstruction, impediment; evil,

calamity (Lessing, 813); ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar 29r; qulu(an-a qaabasu ada todqor

bolqu 57r; sn kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r; keriy-e kegbes tariyan tmsn uqa(

bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r; ger-ee [x] ada todqor bolqu 58r.

udusq-a that which sets in motion (cf. DO, 723a; MMAD, 14, note 28): erlig-d-n udusq-

a 28v; ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i (odun) 33v, 33v.

1140
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ula(an aa(ai [Ch. Zhuque/ Chu-cheh red bird (Mathews 1346.17)]; red magpie;

refers to the Red Bird of summer, which together with the Blue Dragon (kke luu), the White

Tiger (a(a(an bars) and the Black Tortoise (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese

sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker

1997: 113-119); ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an

aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r; ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

Uma the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. Cf. Mostaert MMAD, 17, n. 39. Uma is given

in Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, V. I and II, 5B 36, p. 177; cf. also ODT, 45. Jagarvar-un

qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun 32v.

urbau l tbidk obo( the vacillating restless clan: Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis

Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

usun-u ein lords of the water; cf. RRS, 522; (aar usun-u eid 2v, 39v.

ker-n sn the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to the

Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice (Schlegel 1967:

492): ker-n sn mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

kgr-n idkd the demons of a corpse; cf. Mostaert DO, 548b and MMAD, 35, n. 92;

kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v.

kln een [S. Yama; Tib. gshin rje]; the lord of death; Erlig, Tib. gshin rje, for Yama,

ruler of the underworld, is also known as kln ejin "Lord of Death"; see ODT, 82; kln

een 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

lde- to expel; exorcize an evil spirit: eliy-e ldebes 27r.

1141
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

l sedk non-devising; perhaps this is associated with what is given in the Indian Srya

Siddhnta as "malignant aspects of the sun and moon" (Burgess, 379-383); these malignant

aspects are said to result in "consuming fire" and at these moments the time is "forbidden for

all works. This, then, seems to be the context as well for l sedk, which follows tngri-yin

(al. Sara-yin (al, which begins to occur in these lists of influences in the following month,

is also associated with consuming fire. For more direct references of these terms to the

context given here I have only been able to find a relevant term for sara-yin (al, which is

given in Cornu as "Fiery lunar days" (p. 212); l sedk 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r,

16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 47v.

Vima Vima is perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW, 979). In the manual there appears

to be two forms of Vima, one female, Queen Vima, daughter of heaven, known by the

nakshatra, Hasta, and another male, the supreme lord known as Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

Vim-a [39v]); the apparent Mongolian translation of Vima is found in an interrogative section

of the the Naran-u jirken neret sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; Skt. Sryagarbhastra), a

source cited by the manual, in the form tngri-yin kin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 532; see also

Bawden, "Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen," p. 327): bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a

neret qatun buyu 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a

neret qoyar odun bui 32v; Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; Vim-a neret qatun

Qasta buyu 34r; tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-

aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein qa(an kemegdey 39v.

1142
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

vimading ? a celestial palace and star spirit: vimading kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin

49v.

ya(as/yaa(-a [Tib. gnod sbyin; Skt. yaksha; Mong. qoor gggi]; a class of demigods,

guardians of riches attendants of the god of wealth (Bisman-Kubera), sometimes described

as evil (Lessing, 1172); cf. also RRS, 663; Waddell 1978: 84; Cornu 1997: 252; ODT, 32;

Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-un [=yaa(-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( bky-yin tula. usun inar

bui 22v; ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v, 38v.

yeke qara edr [Tib. nyi-ma nag-chen]; the great black day; this is an especially bad day

when various demons, Rhula in particular, run; (cf. TEDP 133): 41v, 41v;yeke qara edrn

belge 20v.

yeke tngri great god; a Mongolian deity absorbed into Buddhism (cf. Waddell 1978: 372,

n. 2); yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

RITUAL AND BUDDHIST LAW

abidarm-a [S. abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon]; name of the third section of the Buddhist

basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of the Buddhist scriptures; Mong. ayima( saba

(Lessing, 1159); deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal the tenets of the supreme Abhidharma (2v).

abiig [S. abhisheka; T. dbang, dbang bskur]; consecration, initiation, ordination; for these

rites, see RRS, 578-585; arbun tabun-a a(-un krdn- abiig talbi(san sayin a( bui 10r;

abiig ab- 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v, 56v, 56v; abaig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v;

1143
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

abaig abqu edrn sayin 56v; abaig abqu sayin edr 56v; takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r; abiig

kiged qutu( oroi(ulqu iles 38r.

abqui [S. updna; Tib. len pa]; seizing, clinging; the 9th phase of the links of dependent

origination (itn barildaqui), in the calendar united with the dog of the twelve animals: noqai

abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

adis [shortened from S. adhishthna, see adistid] n. blessing, benediction, consecration; cf.

RRS, 265; drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v.

adis daru(ul- to repeat a blessing; see MMAD, 65, note 132; DO, 124b, 406b (under jusu);

drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v.

adistid [S. adhishthna, Tib. byin gyis brlabs pa] n. blessing, benediction, consecration;

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

amidu ile amidu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile-dr sayin 29v.

amin(-u) saki(ulsun life protection; a ritual for the protection of life (Beyer, p. 55).

amin(-u) oli( saki(ulsun ransom protection of life; a ritual in which figurines usually

made of dough are used to rid one of evil spirits causing illness (Lessing, 1070); amin oli(

saki(ulsun iledbes 36v, 36v, 37r.

amila- to enliven or animate something, i.e., by performing certain rites (Lessing 1070);

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v.

ari(un [S. uddha, viuddhi; Tib. dag pa]; pure, clean, holy (Lessing, 1161): ari(un takin-a

1v; ari(un gegen-e iruqai 2v; gken ari(un kbegn 24r; ari(un sayin kbegn 54v.

1144
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

aril(a- [S. viodhaya-; Tib. sbyong ba]; to cleanse, purify; to dematerialize (by reciting tarni

[Lessing, 1161]): yirtin-tekin- obalang-i aril(au 2v; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v.

arilu(sad those who are purified: (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar arilu(sad 1v.

arilu(san [S. viuddha; Tib. dag pa]; clean, pure (Lessing, 1161): teyin bged arilu(san-u

to(-a 2r.

arvis [Uy. arvis]; magical formula; (cf. Drevnetyurkskii slovar, 58); arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

baa( [S. upavsatha; Tib. bsnyen gnas; Mong. maa(]; fast, fasting, abstinence, vow of

fasting; baa( ab-, to take the vows or receive the consecration of a monk (gelng), which

involves the practice of fasting and abstinence; to fast; baa(-un sangvar, vow of abstinence

(also taken by laymen [Lessing, 64]); for fasting rites, see RRS, 574-578; baa( abubasu 30r;

baa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r.

biil(a- to meditate: biil(abasu 11r; burqan-i biil(abasu 26v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen

biil(abasu 31r.

blama [S. guru; Tib. bla ma]; lama; a teacher of the root tantra: blam-a Manjuari 1v.

bodgalis [S. pudgala; Tib. gang zag]; individual; person: nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud

tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigten tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki

busu bgetele 1v; (urban a(-un uqa(-a edi bodgalis-dur ina(uki terigten itn barildaqui

iles keregt 1v.

1145
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bodisng [S. bodhisattva; Tib. byang chub sems dpa]; a bodhisattva, saintly person

approaching perfect enlightenment and thus becoming a Buddha: burqan-u qubil(an

Manjuari bodis[n]g in 2r; Manjuari bodis[n]g 2v; burqan bodis[n]g-nar 1v.

bolqui becoming; the 10th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the pig of the twelve animals: (aqai bolqui 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v,

16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

boskil ?: boskil sauu 24r.

bursang [Ch. foseng]; Buddhist priest or clergy: bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v;

bursang quvara( l to(taqu 47v.

buyan [S. punya]; merit; virtue: buyan keig ebdere- 21v, 34r; buyan ke[i]g neme- 37v,

37v, 56r; buyan keig ba(ura- 41r; buyan keig delgerek 46v; buyan keig bolqu 50r; buyan

keig bari(san beri 54r; buyan iledbes 21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v, 26r, 29v, 30v, 31r,

32r, 32r, 34r, 35r; buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan oli( iledbes 31v;

buyan qurim iledbes 31v; buyan tegsmi 30v; nom buyan iledk-d sayin 60v; buyan-tu

8r, 13r, 16r, 45r, 45r, 60v, 61v; sayin buyan-u qur-a 1v; buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes 23r.

abda(ur a sprinkler, made of wood used in religious ceremonies to make aspersions:

abda(ur sauli er<e>gbes qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayiiyamu 60v.

a(-un takil the offering of time (38v).

1146
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

a(an asal white treatment (39v, 45r); a white treatment is given as consisting of the

reciting of texts, while a motely treatment (ala( asal) consists of the rituals of spells and

wearing charms (see SE II, 166-167).

a(an ile white deeds, i.e., good deeds: tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui

42v.

i(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly influence; tngri-yin i(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; rn-e doron-a

i(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r; rn-e doron-a-yin

i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

oga [Tib. o-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jschke, 161); luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r; ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r; oga kibes

32r; tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; oga-yin ile 45v.

oga-yin ile works of magical performance (45v).

dalal(-a a beckoning gesture inviting prosperity; a shamanistic-Buddhistic ceremony of

inviting prosperity, (Lessing, 224); see also Chabros: dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r,

25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r; dalal(-a buu

dalal 33v; dalal(-a abubasu 29r.

dandris/dandris [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud; Mong. ndsn]; tantra; see Lessing, 1191:

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; burqan-u nomla(san

sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a a(-un krdn 2r; Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; dandris-tur nomlar-un 37v.

1147
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

daru(ul- [caus. of daru-]; 1. to cause to suppress, e.g., a demon; 2. to repeat, e.g., a

blessing; see MMAD, 65, note 132; DO, 124b, 406b (under jusu): idkd-<y>i buu daru(ul

34v; adis l daru(ulqu 61v; daru(ulqui-yin iles 35v.

debisker [Tib. gding-ba]; a small rug; a variegated rug is the symbol of the day the gods

and demons battle; the square black rug is this symbol of the day the graha (planets) run in

search of food; cf. RRS, 452; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; ala(

debeskir bui 43r; gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; drbeljin qara

debesker ene bui 44r.

deged higher; highest, supreme, noble, sublime, eminent: deged medek-yin nigleski

usun bari(id 1v; deged amu(ulang 38r; deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v;

deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal 3r; deged merged-n ta(alal 4r; deged trl 22r, 29r, 30r;

deged Uma neret (adasun 32v; deged idi olqu 38r; deged qa(an 39v; deged beri 52r.

diyan/dayan [S. dhyna]; meditation, contemplation: diyan-u ile iledbes 31r; ber-n

dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu

39r.

do(id-un ile(s) rites of the fearsome ones (25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v); these rites,

in their elaborate form, did not begin in Mongolia earlier than the 1870s; for a description of

the Mongolian do(id services, see RRS, 417-443.

do(in qariyal a fearsome curse: do(in qariyal kik 42v.

do(in kereg a fearsome implement: do(in kereg kibes 45r.

do(in ile(s) fearsome deeds, rites: 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 41v, 45r, 61v.

1148
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dorm-a/rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma/dovrm-a [Tib. gtor ma strewing-oblation, an

offering brought to malignant demons, either as a kind of exorcism or as an appeasing gift,

in order to prevent their evil influence upon man, (Jschke, 210a)]; they are made of barley

flour and decorated with intricate designs (Beyer (1973): 24; dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v;

dorm-a o(orbasu 29v, 31v; rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r;

rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r; yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu

55v.

dungli/duvngli [Tib. mdos]; a cross formed of two small sticks, the ends of which are

connected with colored strings, and used in various magic ceremonies (Jschke, 274a); cf.

also SE II, 176-198): dungli (ar(abasu 22r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r; dovrm-a duvngli

(ar(abasu 41r; rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r.

Dlb-a the Vinaya section of the Kanjur; see RRS, 677; Dlb-a-yin yosu 3v.

erg- to raise up; to offer: abda(ur sauli er<e>gbes qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun

sayiiyamu 60v; ergki iles 46r.

ergki iles offeretory rites (46r).

erke [Tib. dbang]; power; mastery; see ED 474a; kbegn trbes erke 28r; kmn-i erke-

dr-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r; yeke erket iroy-yin inar

buyu 24r; erket (aar buu knde 34v; ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v; erke-yin iles

46r.

erke-dr(-iyen) oro(ul- [S. vairavana "striving to attain power"]; to bring (others) under

ones sway; erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r; erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r.

1149
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

esg ula( an aspersion of fermented mares milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249):

suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( [=esg] ula(-un negegemel edr 60v.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened like nails in the

ice-like vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three domains and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a world pillar, the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the north Nail or world nail (Polaris [De Santillana, 123]); doro(i

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v; deged Uma neret (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

(al mandal fire mandala: (al mandal tlebes 10r, 61v.

(al-un takil the fire offering; see Mostaert, A propos dune prire au feu, 1962: 191-223;

Bawden, Ch.,1963: 281-303; cf. also Atwood, 1996: 112-139: (al takil takibasu 21v, 31v,

35r; (al takibasu 35v, 36v, 37r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil iledbes

34v.

1150
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(ana gr-d sedkil-n inar the quality of a single-pointed mind; single-minded

concentration; the term refers to the desired outcome of yogic practice; cf. Lopez (India), 15;

Beyer, 1973, 71; Waddell 1978: 141: (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar 1v.

(ool irken aorta; the small objects placed inside a buddha image to enliven it: burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v.

(uyil'(-a alms: busud-aa (uyil'(-a abubasu 25r.

geign [yan lag]; limb; member; the reference here is to the various parts of ritual (cf.

Lessing, 1170): ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r.

ele-yin (adasun picket post, tethering post; to see this picket post and its use in ritual, cf.

Chabros, illus. 9; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v.---

ir(u(an orod six senses; the 5th link in the cycle of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the horse of the twelve animals: morin ir(u(an

orod 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

oli( ransom, rescue; figurines usually made of dough which are used in ritual for ridding

one of evil spirits causing illness; devil (curse [Lessing 1070]); for these rites, see RRS, 559-

561, 591-594; SE II, 168-169; buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan oli(

iledbes 31v; oli( qari(ulul buu iled 34v; amin-u oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36r; amin

oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36v, 36v, 37r.

oli( qari(ulul a counter curse; oli( qari(ulul buu iled 34v.

1151
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

oliy-a ransom, price of deliverance (cf. oli( [Lessing, 1070]); SE II, 168-169; oliy-a mr

8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; oliy-a gbes 41r.

ula( ceremony for making aspersions of mares milk, held each year after the summer

solstice (Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 217; see also Mostaert, Louverture du sceau et les

adresses chez les Ordos, MS 1: 335): suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr

60v.

kengigl the smell of burning or cooking food, i.e. an offering of the smell: buq-a-yin

gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

kereg asal a ritual implement; see Srkzi's definition, BTD,. 399, #5887; see also SE II,

177-178; kereg asal iledbes 30v; kereg asal keyilgebes 35v; kereg asal kibes 44v.

keig good luck; good fortune; grace, favor, blessing; turn: buyan keig ebderek 21v;

buyan keig ebdereglgi Burvasad buyu 34r; buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v, 56r; Ardar-dr

buyan ke[i]g sayitur nemey 37v; buyan keig ba(uraqu 41r; buyan keig delgerek 46v;

buyan keig bolqu 50r; buyan keig bari(san beri 54r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni

qa(an-u gara( bki 23r; mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; qurim dotor-a

keig tasulqu na(idar 28r; qurim-dur keig tasulu(i odun ali bui 33r; qurim-dur keig

tasulu(i Burvabalguni buyu 33v; ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu edr 59v; Rkini Burnavasu

Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui 60v.

klge vehicle; here refers to the Greater Vehicle, Mahyna Buddhism: yeke klge-yi

ori(ulqu edr 34v.

kt ile iledbes if one performs powerful deeds (45r).

1152
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kis incense; perfume; fragrance: qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v.

krteki touching; contact; the 6th link in the chain of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui): qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

luus-un qad-un oga the ceremony of the dragon kings; it is performed on a day in the

three summer or three fall months (RRS, 521); luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r.

mandal [Tib. dkyil hkhor; Skt. mandala]; a disk (as the sun disk); (in Tantrism) mystic

wheels (as of the four elements) located in the four centers of the body," (Lessing, 1175); (al

mandal tle- 10r, 39r, 61v; mandal irubasu 23r; dayisun-i kesegeki mandal egdbes 31v;

(urbalin mandal egdbes 31v; dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu kemebes

37v; mandal kibes 42r.

medeki conscience; the 3rd link in the stages of dependent origination (tn barildaqui);

in the calendar paired with the dragon of the twelve animals: luu medeki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

mungqa( ignorance; the first phase of the twelve links of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the tiger of the twelve animals: baras mungqa(

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

16v, [16v], 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; mungqa( bolu(ad bayan bolqu 26r;

kbegn trbes mungqa( bged usun-dur kk aya(atu bui 31r; kbegn okin trbes

mungqa( ba qulu(ayii bolumui 31v.

1153
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

namanila- to put the palms of the hands together, especially for praying or greeting; to

pray, to bow; to repent, confess: namanilabasu 25v.

ner-e ngge name and form; the 4th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination

(itn barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the snake of the 12 animals: mo(ai ner-e

ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

nigles- to pity, be compassionate, merciful: deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id-

aa 1v; ndsn- geign-i nigleski 2r.

nom dharma; law; book: nom 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r; nom buyan

iledbes 24r; nom ungibasu 25v, 27v; nom biebes 26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v; nom biig

biibes 36v; nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui

37v; arli( nom medek bolumui 37v; nom ba yertin-deki aliba sayin iles iledbes 44v;

Ayui-yin nom ungiqui 45v; nom kiged buyan keig delgerek 46v; nom buyan iledk 60v;

ksed-n nom-du 60v; agabad teglder nom-dur tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 29r; gligi

nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r; nom-dur orobasu 36r; burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v; nemleky-

yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil 1v; nen nom-un krdn 13r; nom-un il-dr duratai 25v.

nom buyan iled- to perform dharma merit (60v).

nomla- to preach: Nagajuna ba(i nomlaba 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v,

61r; ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; nomla(san-u tulada 1v, 4r, 37v;

ilau tegs ngigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandaris 2r; nomla(san-i tayilbasu 2r;

qutu(tu Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v; burqan-u nomla(san

1154
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Naran-u irken neret sudur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu

edr 49v; keriy-e-yin ndsn-dr nomla(san buyu 56v; nomlauqui 3r; busu sudur-ud-tur

nomlauqui 2r; noqai-dur ebedin emeleki-i igerlegln nomlauqui 56v; Manjuari-yin

ndsn dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r; dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu

kemebes 37v.

ngigsen passed from suffering: ilau tegs ngigsen burqan 1v.

ig testimony, prayer: ig ibes 27r, 35r.

gdeiky-yin takil gbes if one gives the ungiveable offering (31v); see the comparable

form ergeiki in Ligeti, Report prliminaire, 130-140.

glige alms: glige g- 25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r, 45v.

telki kki old age and death; the 12th stage in the twelve links of dependent

origination (itn barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the ox of the twelve animals:

ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi [S. sadangayoga; Tib. sbyor drug]; the sixfold union, the

six aspects of unity; Tucci, quoting Bu-ston describes them as the six manners of becoming

consubstantial with supreme reality, (Tucci, TPS, 105); refers to the doctrine of the Hua-yen

school known as the sixfold nature. The six forms are inseparable aspects inherent in all

things. Cf. A Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, p. 401 under "six forms"; cf. also

Lokesh Chandra, KOT, 11; qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it 2r.

qara indamuni black wish-fulfilling jewel (20r, 45r).

1155
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qara dusul black drop: 20v, 20v, 41v; (urban qara dusul 20v, 46v; qoyar qara dusul 43r.

qara ging sg black [Tibetan] letter ki (20v).

qara jii sg black [Tibetan] letter zi (20v).

qara jva sg black [Tibetan] letter tshe (20r).

qara qada(ur the black sickle (43v).

qara nara black sun: qara nara bui 20r.

qara sa sg black [Tibetan] letter sa (20r).

qubil(an transformation; metamorphosis; a Buddha incarnate living god: amitan-u itegel

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 26; yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara

bolai 8r; baling do(in inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v.

qumq-a [S. kumbha]; vase, pitcher; vessel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); o(tu edrn belge qumq-a

bui 20r.

quriaqui passionate desire; the 8th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination

(itn barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the cock of the twelve animals: takiy-a

qoriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

qutu( [S. pada; Tib. go phang]; sanctity, holy rank; dignity, distinction; happiness, bliss;

benediction; rank or dignity of a saintly person (Lessing, 1190): qutu( oroi(ul- 8r, 24r, 29v,

31r, 34v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r; qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui 61v; lei qutu( oroi(san edrn

belge 20r; li qutu( oroi(ulbasu 21v, 29r; li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v;

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; dandris-tur nomlar-

1156
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu 37v; qutu( oroi(ulqu iles yertin-yin iles-dr adali busu

bolai 38r; itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu 43v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an

lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; qutu( (uyuqui iles 45v; qoyar kei uarabasu li

qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v; li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen bty 45v; li

qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r; luu-yin qutu( mr (arbasu sayin 49r; li qutu[(] 50r; li qutu(

oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v; ni qutu(-aa beig irek 57r; tu(ulu(san burqan-u

qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( bui 11r; qutu(tu Manjuari 2v; li qutu(tu edr 34v.

qutu(tu saintly, holy: qutu(tu Manjuari 2v.

quvara( [S. sangha; Tib. dge dun]; clergy: sm-e baribasu bursang quvara( l to(taqu

47v; quvara(-i takibasu 26v; bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v; toyin quvara(-un-yi

[=quvara(-ud-i] kndeleki 61r.

rabnas [Tib. rab gnas; Skt. pratishth]; benediction, consecration of an image, temple, etc.;

(cf. Jschke, 621; Lessing, 651); rabnas oroi(ul- 21v, 24r, 46v, 61v; rabnas keyiki sayin

edr 37v.

raiyan/raiyal [S. rasyana]; holy water; cf. RRS, 152; raiyan edr-n belge erdini bui

20r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; qoyar usu uarabasu

raiyan uaral 45v; raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v.

sau- to scatter; sprinkle: r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r; tariyan saubasu

22r, 30v; usun sau(ad 21v; miq-a-yi mungnau sau(ad 22r; boskil sauu 24r; krngge

saaqu [=sauqu] 48r; suuli [=sauli] sauqu 60v; r-e sauqui 45v.

1157
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sauli aspersion or libation of milk or tea for the deities; grain and food scattered as

offerings to deities (Lessing, 655); ceremony for the consecration of the herds; for these rites,

see RRS, 585-591; suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr 60v; sauli

er<e>gbes 60v.

saki(ulsun [S. pla; Tib. srung ma]; protection; protector, genius protector, a class of

deities: amin(-u) saki(ulsun 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; amin saki(ulsun

doron-a emn-e 8r; amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r; amin saki(ulsun iled- 34r, 46r; amin

saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v; amin-u saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v; amin(-u) oli(

saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; saki(ulsun iledbes 23r, 26v, 28r, 29r; ebedin-

kmn saki(ulsun iledbes 28v; saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu 31r; ber-n

saki(ulsun-iyan keiye 43r.

sangvar vow, pledge, duty of a monk: baa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r.

sasa a minature stupa; cf. DO, 565a; sasa deledbes 42r.

sereki consciousness: the 7th phase of the twelve links of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar it is paired with the monkey of the twelve animals: bein sereki

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

solbi(san iruqai cross: kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui

20r; solbi(san qara iruqai 20v, 44v; tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v.

subur(-a/subur(an [S. citya; Tib. mchod-rten]; stupa; a burial mound or the image of

a burial mound which symbolically preserves the bodily charisma of Buddha Skyamuni; see

1158
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

RRS, 101-103; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; subur(-a

bosqabasu 23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i

oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; subur(-a baribasu 42v; doro(i qandu(sun

subur(-a 45r; subur(an met 59v.

sudur [S. stra]; sutra; book: burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a a(-un

krdn 2r; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; sudur-nu(ud beibes 21v; sudur-tur 4r;

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neret sudur-dur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged a(-un

krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r; arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur nomlauqui

2r; olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r.

Smber a(ul-a [S. Sumeru]; Mt. Sumeru; the mythological mountain in the center of the

world in Buddhist cosmology; Smber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar

to(ori(i odun 32v, 32v.

sm-e temple, monastery, shrine: sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu

sayin edr 37r; sm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu

25r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; sm-e baribasu 31v,

47v; sm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

sm-e keyid monastery: sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr

37r; sm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; sm-e

keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a

1159
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; sm-e baribasu 31v, 47v;

sm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

abi [Ch. shami (Mathews 5606.b.1); S. ramanera]; disciple; pupil, student; novice:

abinar ge-dr duralayu 27r.

a(abad [S. iksh-pada]; rules of religious life, especially for monks; vow to keep these

rules (Lessing, 748); a(abad tegldr (boluu) 28r, 29r; toyin bolbasu a(abad-iyan

alda(ad 27r; a(abad-iyan ebdek 29v; toyin bolbasu agabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad

56v.

a(abad-iyan ebde- to violate ones vow (29v); see the story of Kumrasena of Kashmir,

famous as the monk who violated his vow (Vogel, 1969: 64).

ara sar-a yellow moon: gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san ara sar-

a bui 20r.

astir [S. stra]; treatise: astir medegid-e ma(u 30v; Kitad-un astir-aa uqa(daqui 2r;

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; (aru(san astir-tur

bertegin kbegn iles iledk bges 2r; Kitad to(alaqui astir-tur 2r.

igs a kind of broth made from pieces of an animal (the head of the animal (pice de

btail)??) usually a sheep, which is then boiled and served to a person of honor, or used in

ritual; see DO, 638; a(an Qonin igs-ber takibau l oyiiyamu kemeki 60v.

itn barildaqui [S. prattyasamutpda/nidna; Tib. rten-brel]; dependent origination;

commonly written as sitn barildul(-a; there are twelve terms; in the manual they are said to

have been composed according to the custom created by Ngrjuna from the tantra of

1160
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Cakrasambara (2v); they are given as follows: 1. mungqa( (S. avidy; Tib. ma-rig-pa); 2.

iledki (S. samskrah karmh; Tib. du-byed; Mong. quran iledki); 3. medeki (S. vijna;

Tib. rnam-par ses-pa; teyin medeki); 4. ner-e ngge/ngge ni(ur (S. nmarpa; Tib. ming-

tan-gzugs); 5. ir(u(an orod (S. adyatana, Tib. skye-med drug; Mong. trn tgeki); 6.

krteki (S. spara; Tib. reg-pa); 7. sereki (S. vedan, Tib. cor-ba. Mong. medereki); 8.

quriaqui (S. trsna; Tib. sred-ba); 9. abqui (updna; Tib. len-ba; Mong. iqula abqui); 10.

bolqui (S. bhava; Mong. sansar); 11. trki (S. jti; Tib. skye-ba); 12. telki kki (S.

jarmarana; Tib. rgad-si); see RRS, 127-133; Lessing, 1183 (where it is given as sitn

barildul(-a); KOT 84; and Cornu,. 41-46; itn barildaqui iles 1v; arban qoyar itn

barildaqui 2v, 2v.

itgen [S. dhra; Tib. gzhi]; 1. basis, foundation; potentiality; qono(-un (urban il

il(al terigten-i medegdek-yin itgen 2r; 2. an object of veneration; itgen eke 8r, 14r, 52r;

itgen- eke 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 53r; burqan itgen inidkebes

24r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; itgen-dr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu 38r, 43v; itgen bayi(ulqui 45v; burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v.

tabang [S. sana; Tib. gdan; Mong. debisker]; throne; dias; see RRS, 78; tabang baribasu

23r.

ta(alal [S. siddhnta; Tib. grub mtha]; tenet, set of tenets of a school: ta(alal 4r; Dlb-a-

yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal

3v; Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal 4r; deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur

qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e. Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-

1161
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

yin tula-da qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r; okin trbes (ayiqami( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu

26r.

taki- to offer, make sacrifice: takil beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-yi taki 32v; burqan buu taki

34v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r; burqan tngri buu taki 48r; aman-a (aar usun-i

taki 55v; busu edr-e a(an qonin igs-ber takibau l oyiiyamu kemeki 60v; burqan-i

takibasu 21v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r; aliba burqan-i takibasu 22v; burqan takibasu 23r,

24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r; (al takil takibasu

21v, 31v, 35r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al takibasu 35v, 35v, 36v, 37r; suu ali-

yu(an takibasu 25v, 28v; quvara(-i takibasu 26v; bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v;

erketen-i takibasu 27v; takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r; busud-i takibasu 30r; (aar-un ein-i

takibasu 34v; naiman ayima(-ud-yi takibasu 35r; tngri (aar-<y>i takibasu 35r; ong(od-i

takibasu 35v; tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; tngri-yi takibasu 36v;

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; (aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v; burqan tngri ong(od-

i takibasu 48r; suali-yu(an takiu 21v; suu ali-yu(an takiju 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; a(-un takil-

iyar takiu 38v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; ed-n tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r;

degeds-yi takiqui 61r.

takil [S. pj; Tib. mchod pa]; offering; sacrifice: takil gbes 8r; (al takil takibasu 21v,

31v, 35r; (al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v; (al-un takil iledbes 34v; takil ba abiig

talbibasu 28r; aliba takil iledbes 31v; gdeiky-yin takil gbes 31v; takil beled talbi(ad

tngri (aar-yi taki 32v; usun takil gki 45v; takil-<y>i beled 32v; a(-un takil-iyar takiu

38v.

1162
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tamu hell: qoyin-a tamu-dur unamu 32r.

tarni [S. dhran]; magic spells mostly consisting of Sanskrit syllables or words and/or

unintelligible phonetic units used in ritual; charms, dharani, mantra: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r,

32r, 34v, 34v, 61r; irken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

terigten [S. -di; Tib. la sogs pa]; and so forth, and others: terigten 1v, 1v, 1v, 2v, 2v,

3r, 3r, 3r, 4r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 38v, 38v, 39r, 45v, 48r, 50v terigten-i 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 2v, 16r, 61v;

terigten-iyer 38r; terigten- 2v.

teyin bged [Tib. rnam par; frequently translates the S. prefix vi- in its intensifying

functions, but also in the sense of differently, especially], Lessing, 1185.

teyin bged arilu(san [T. rnam par byang ba; S. vyavadnatva]; (the state of) purity

(Lessing, 1185); teyin bged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r.

tong(ori( [Tib. spu gri]; razor; (cf. ODT, 13, 15); Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu

tong(ori( bui 20r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r;

tong(ori( 47r.

trki birth; the 11th phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (itn barildaqui):

in the calendar paired with the rat of the twelve animals: qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

tu(urbil effort; attempt; intention: kiiyel tu(urbil kereglegdek busu bges ber 1v;

nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san 1v; tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki busu

bgetele 1v.

1163
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san [S. nishprapanca; T. spros bral; Mong. tu(urbil-aa

anggiira(san]. freed from phenomenalization (Lessing, p. 1187).

tle-/tli- v.t. to burn: (al mandal tlebes 10r, 61v; kger-n snesn tlebes 35v;

oda( tlebes 42v; debel tlebes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; dayisun-u

ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged 22r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-

dr adali bolumui 44v; (al-un oi-du tlek 55v, 56r; kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr

27r; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu 44v; (al iroi

qoyar uarabasu tleky-yin uiral 46r; tleky-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r;

tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v; tleki edrn belge anu solbi(san qara

iruqai ene ilegdebei 20v; (al mandal tleki 39r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r; debel eskebes (al-dur tley 25r.

tlii [=tlei] fuel; a ritual commemorating the dead; for this ceremony, see RRS, 616;

tlii gbes 28v, 30r, 30v; kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r; kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes

26v; kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r; kgsen-tr tlii gbes 29r.

timed erdeni ministers jewel; the insignia of a minister is one of the seven jewels; see

dolo(an erdeni in Lessing, 1168, under erdeni; timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v.

uduri(ulsun [S. updhyya]; guidance; refers to the leader of initiation rites; see RRS,

635; abaig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v.

ugiyaqui oga iled- to perform a washing ceremony: ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r.

usun bari(id lit. water holders; euph. for clouds (1v).

usun takil water offering (45v); cf. Beyer, 1973, 148.

1164
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ile [S. ducart; Tib. dka]; austerities, penance, rite; deed; act; work: ile 42r; tariyan-u

ile iledbes 13v; do(id-un ile (iledbes) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v; nigen ile qoyar bol(abasu

26v; diyan-u ile iledbes 31r; aliba ile ekilebes 31r; nomo(odqaqui ile iledbes 31v;

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui ile 33v; ile baribasu 35r; qari(ulqu-yin ile iledbes 35v; amin

saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v; a(an ile qara bolumui 42v; kt ile iledbes 45r; oga-

yin ile 45v; ile btk 49v, 58r, 58r; ile bolqu 57r; kimuraqu ile bo[l]qu 57r; kl-n

yasun ek ile bolqu 57r; ayuqu ile bolqu 58r; ayul-du ile bolqu 58v; qoyar aya(an-u

ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui 27r; amitu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile-dr sayin 29v; kmn-

aliba iled-dr sayin bui 31r.

iled- to do; make: buu iled 34v; do(in iles buu iled 38r; amurling(ui sayin iles buu

iled 41v; sayin iles buu iled 41v, 48v; buyan-du iles buu iled 45r; aliba iles buu iled

48r; ya(un buu iled 56r; iledbes 48r; tariyan-u ile iledbes 13v; do(id-un ile

iledbes 25r, 29r, 30v; diyan-u ile iledbes 31r; nomo(odqaqui ile iledbes 31v;

qari(ulqu-yin ile iledbes 35v; amin saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v; kt ile iledbes

45r; iles iledbes 26r; usun-u iles iledbes 19r; ma(u iles iledbes 19r; dayisun(-i)

daruqu iles iledbes 23v, 26v, 31r; dayisun-i daruqu iles-yi iledbes 29r; yampar ba iles

iledbes 31v; daru(ulqui-yin iles iledbes 35v; do(id-un iles iledbes 35v; aliba iles

iledbes 37r; (aliba) do(in iles iledbes 38r, 39r, 39r; aliba sayin iles iledbes 43r,

44v; sayin iles iledbes 44v; buyan-du sayin iles iledbes 45r; kelinit iles iledbes

btk 45r; buyan iledbes 21v, 23r, 23v, 26r, 32r, 34r, 35r; kgsen-dr buyan iledbes

21v, 22v, 25v, 29v, 30v; kgsen kmn-d(r) buyan iledbes 31r, 32r; nom buyan

1165
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iledbes 24r; luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r; tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; ugiyaqui

oga iledbes 31r; buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes 23r; saki(ulsun iledbes 23r, 26v, 28r, 28v,

29r; aliba burqan-u i(ul(an iledbes 26v; alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes 28r; kereg asal

iledbes 30v; burqan-tur aliba takil iledbes 31v; buyan oli( iledbes 31v; buyan qurim

iledbes 31v; amin(-u) saki(ulsun iledbes 34r, 36r, 36v; amin(-u) oli( saki(ulsun

iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; (al-un takil iledbes 34v; qa(uin-dur iledbes 37v; tegni

da(an iledbes 40r; ya(un sedke iledbes 47v; ger brik iledbes 47v; iles iledk

2r; aliba iles l iledk 24v, 42v; nom buyan iledk-d sayin 60v; taulai iledki 8v, 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; kiline iledki a( 17r; amin saki(ulsun

iledki 46r; qooritu iles iledki-dr sayin bui 15v; sarayin inede iledteki buyu 37v.

iledki activity; the 2nd phase in the twelve links of dependent origination (itn

barildaqui); in the calendar linked with the hare of the twelve animal cycle: taulai iledki

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v.

iledgi the performer [of the rites of the fearsome ones]: iled-dgi kmn 39r.

iles [pl. of ile]; deeds; rites: iles 60v; itn barildaqui iles 1v; iles iledk 2r; erkedr

oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r; qooritu iles iledki-dr sayin bui 15r; amurling(ui iles

keyibes 18r; usun-u iles iledbes 19r; ma(u iles iledbes 19r; dayisun(-i) daruqu iles

iledbes 23v, 26v, 31r; aliba iles (l) iled- 24v, 37r, 42v; iles iledbes 26r; yampar ba

iles iledbes 31v; do(id-un iles 32r; do(id-un iles iledbes 35v; ma(ui udusq-a

1166
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ma(ui iles 33v; daru(ulqui-yin iles iledbes 35v; qutu( oroi(ulqu iles 38r; (aliba)

do(in iles iledbes 38r, 39r, 39r; do(in iles buu iled 38r; do(in iles 40r, 45r;

amurling(ui sayin iles buu iled 41v; sayin iles buu iled 41v, 48v; (ayila(daqu iles 42r;

qamu( ma(u iles ayilaqu 42v; (aliba) sayin iles iledbes 43r, 44v, 44v; buyan-du sayin

iles iledbes 45r; buyan-du iles buu iled 45r; kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r; qan

kmn iles btk 45v; busu-ber ndr btk iles sayin 45v; buliyan qula(ai-u [=yin]

iles 46r; aliba iles sedbes 46v; aliba iles buu iled 48r; iles btk 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v;

aliba iles btk 50r, 50r; (abiy-a-du iles btk 50r; aliba iles egn-ee ayila(daqu 58v;

iles sedbes 61r; ndr btgek iles sayin 61r; iiten tbidk iles sayin 61r;

amurling(ui iles sayin 61r; dayisun-i daruqu iles-i iledbes 29r; dayisun-i daruqu iles-i

egn-lge [n]kibes 42v; aliba iles-i tegn-ee ayila(daqui 43r; sayin iles-i igerle 59r;

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui iles-d 46r; abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; iles-tr 25v;

yabuqu sa(uqu iles-dr sayin 23v; aq-a kmn- iles-dr sayin 30r; do(id-un iles-tr

sayin 34v; ede iles-dr ma(u 35v; ede iles-dr sayin 36r; yertin-yin iles-dr adali busu

bolai 38r; do(in iles-dr sayin 41v; aliba do(in qata(uu iles-dr sayin 45r; amurling(ui

iles-dr ma(u 45r; aida-yin iles-dr sayin 45v; nasun urtu bolqu iles-tr sayin 45v; qutu(

(uyuqui iles-dr sayin 45v; ergki iles-dr sayin 46r; amurling(ui delgereki-yin erke-yin

iles-dr sayin 46r; adu(usun gki iles-dr sayin 46r; olgiqui iles-dr sayin 46r; qoor

neyileglki iles-dr sayin 46r; aliba iles-dr sayin 47r, 57v; aliba iles-dr mai sayin 57v;

aliba iles-dr ma(u 48r; aliba do(in iles-dr sayin 61v; l tbidk iles-dr sayin 61v;

buyantu iles-dr sayin 61v; iles-n sayin ma(u 46r.

1167
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ndsn [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud]; tantra (Lessing, 1191); roots (i.e. of plants); origin, basis:

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur 1v; Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; ebesn- ndsn kkemi 2r; Banjar dakini-yin ndsn 3r; (aar-tur qamu(

nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r; Keriy-e-yin ndsn-dr nomla(san 56v; Jagr-a sambura-yin

ndsn-ee . . . okiyabai 2v; ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r; ndsn- yosu(ar

37v; ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v.

nemleki [S. paramrtha; Tib. don dam pa]; truth; refers to the Buddhist doctrine of

absolute or supreme truth, as opposed to conventional or esoteric truth (ina(ungki [Lessing,

1192]): nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa 1v.

nen truth; true; truly: nen nom-un krdn 13r; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(oladaqui 24v.

sg letter; written grapheme; writing: qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r; ari-

narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; ula(an sg bui 47v; do(in edrn

belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r; ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v; qara

ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v; ginggang idei erik edrn

belge qara ging sg bui 20v; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v.

vair [S. vajra; Tib. rdo-rje; Mong. dorji]; vajra, thunderbolt; a guru's weapon, symbolic of

the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter); (cf. Waddell 1978: 27; ODT, 23); naiman ayima( i(ul'qu

1168
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r; drben odun-

u dri vair met bui 31r; vair 38r arimdu( vair 38r.

yeke klge the Greater Vehicle, Mahyna Buddhism: yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr 34v.

yosu(n) custom, doctrine, system: ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r; Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi

ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal inu tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban

sar-a bolumui 3v; nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r; yosun medeki

mergen 56v; to(an-u yosun-dur qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medek kereg 3r;

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a egdeki buyu 2v; bgde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu

bol(an ebes 4r.

ASTRONOMY/URANOGRAPHY

Abiji/Abaji S. abiji; 20th nakshatra; the final month of summer in the Klacakra (14r); the

nakshatra of the gods (tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v); it is the nakshatra of death (30v); the

nakshatra which causes officials to fall from their rank (timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i

Abaji buyu 33v); the nakshatra that causes one thief to see nine kings (nigen qula(ayii

kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi Abiji buyu 34r); when the Abiji day falls on a Monday, it

is one of seven days for conquering the imnus demons (im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr

inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji qoyar 45r); of the four elements, its element is earth (21r, 45v,

59v); of the five elements its element is metal (61r); it is a good day for setting off on a

journey (48v); a good day for bringing a bride into ones household (51r); a good day for

planting crops (55v); a good day for putting on a new robe (56r); it is the star of the erlig

1169
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(60v); one of four stars that cut off descendants (drben r-e tasura(san odun 61r); one of four

stars of the four wheels clan (drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r); the constellation of the

singing orphan (da(ulai nin odun 59r); the head of its protective animal is the stags

(59r); its three stars are like the head of an elephant (59v); the appearance of its four stars is

like the jewel horse (30v); in other sources it usually has three stars, ", g, . Lyrae.

altan ordo the golden palace; see Dor, v. 6, p. 11, v. 9, p. 21; altan ordo mr (arbasu

sayin 49r.

Anurad [S. anurdh]; the 15th nakshatra; Anurad day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v; on the 24th day (of the Tiger month) by the conjunction of the

moon with Anurad the good and bad auspices of the hours will be foretold: qorin drben-e

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; its element is

earth, 21r, 33v, 34r, 34r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56v,

59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r; saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu- 18r, 19r; Anurad na(idar 29r;

Anurad-du deged idi olqu boluyu 38r.

Ardar [S. rdr]; the fourth nakshatra: Ardar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ardar na(idar 26r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan

itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]Ardar [. . .]sayin 37v; Ardar-dr buyan

ke[i]g sayitur nemey 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui

[. . .] 'al odun Ardar qoyar 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr

bolumui [. . .] Usun odun Ardar qoyar 45r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji

ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini

1170
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eden modun bui 61r; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek anu

ene bolai Margaar Ardar qoyar Qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; ireg mordaqu edr

kemebes [. . .] Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. .

.]Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; iyerk qara edr ginggang ingpng giki edr ma(u. [. . .] Ardar

[. . .] ma(u 53r; debel emsk sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Ardar [. . .] ma(u 56r; Ardar Asli(

ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes

Ardar Burnavasu qoyar 60v; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

Arsalan-u ger Leo, the 7th sign of the zodiac: naran Arsalan-u gertr oro(san-u tula

yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r.

Asli(/Asli( [S. les]; the 7th nakshatra: Asli( 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

15v, [16v], 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Asli( na(idar 27r; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i

Asli( buyu 33v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Asli( [. . .] ma(u 48v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani

ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui.

i(ulin l yabumui 60v; drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r.

Aivani/Auvani [S. Avin]; the 27th nakshatra: Aivani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 52r, 59r, 59v; Aivani sara Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

1171
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; Aivani na(idar/Auvani na(idar 32r;

o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] 'al odun Aivani qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Aivani qoyar 44v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Usun odun Aivani qoyar

45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Aivani qoyar 45r; Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad

Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Aivani sayin

48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Aivani sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebes [. . .] Aivani [. . .] odun sayin 51r; [. . .] Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes

sayin 56r; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin

56v; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i

il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. [. . .] umara Udaribadaribad kiged Aivani

qoyar 60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

ba(u- to decline, e.g. the sun at the winter solstice: ebln nara ba(uqu edr 3r; ebln

naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

ba(uram declining; a sign of the true horoscope, i.e., the ascendent: ba(uram 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

1172
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 24v.

bara(da- to wane, i.e., of the moon: sara degrki bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r;

bara(daqui medek kereg 4v.

Barani [S. Bharan]; the 28th nakshatra: Barani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 45r, 45v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r,

61v; Barani na(idar 32r.

bayi- to stop; cease; in astronomical context refers to the solstices, the moment when the

sun stops moving north or south along the celestial equator: nara keiy-e bayiqu 3r; nara

bayiqu dngi edr 6r; ebln nara bayiqu 6r; edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji 6v; un-u

nara bayiqu 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r.

Burnavasu [S. Punarvasu]; one of the nakshatra: Burnavasu 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 26r, 33r. 33v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v.

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad [S. Prvbhdrapad]; one of the nakshatra:

Burvabadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 31r, 33v,

34r, 37v, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 51r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; namurun terign

Burvabadari-bad sara 15r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r.

Burvabalguni [S. Prvphalgun]; one of the nakshatra: Burvabalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 37r, 37r, 44v, 45v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 59r,

59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Bruvabalguni na(idar 27v.

1173
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Burvasad [S. Prvsdh]; one of the nakshatra: Burvasad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Burvasad na(idar 30r; Burvasad

na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r.

Bus/Pus [S. Pusya]; one of the nakshatra: Bus 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 37v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r,

61r/Pus 53r; Bus na(idar 2r, 2v, 19r, 26v; Bus sar-a 3r, 19r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Pus

qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui [. . .] Altan

odun Pus qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani ua( Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Pus [. . .] sayin 48v; Pus

Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v.

a(an baras the White Tiger (41r, 49r, 49r, 49r;) refers to the White Tiger of autumn,

which, together with the Red Bird of summer, the Blue Dragon of spring (kke luu), and the

Black Tortoise of winter (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf.

Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119).

a(an baras-un kl the leg of the white tiger, i.e., the base of the western constellation of

autumn, the White Tiger: a(anbaras-un kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

1174
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

a(an baras-un niru(un the back of the white tiger tiger, i.e., the heart or middle of the

western constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: a(an baras-un niru(un mr (arbasu sayin

49r.

a(an baras-un terign the head of the white tiger, i.e., the head of the western

constellation of autumn, the White Tiger: a(an baras-un terign mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

ing bged gelen obo( the firm but gentle clan: Kerteg ua( qoyar ing

bged gelen obo(-tan buyu 61v.

ingbatu obo( the unshakeable clan: Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden

drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r.

inglegr-n ger the Balance; Libra; the 9th sign of the zodiac: naran inglegr-n

gertr oro(san 16r.

ista [S. Jyesth]; one of the nakshatra: ista 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign

ista sar-a 12r; ista na(idar 29v; o(tar(ui-dur ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; tngri-yin

i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 37v; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden

altan bui 61r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 48v; biig

to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus

Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli(

ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; drben belbesn odun kemebes

1175
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden

drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

gebri/gebri jackal; refers to Sirius, Chinese tianlang/tien-lang; known in Chinese

lore as the governor of the Tibetan people; (Schlegel 1967: 430; Schafer 1977: 53): ula(an

gebri qakiraqu 27v; qakirqui gebri odun 59r; miqai gebri-yin odun 59r.

ua( [Tib. chu-tshags, 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jschke, 158)]; star spirit, geomantic

spirit, (TEDP, 129-132): ua( kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

n un [Ch. chun spring (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)) and Ch. zhong middle (Mathews,

1504 (p. 213))]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; n un bolbasu 6r.

dada qan [Ch. tianhuang dadi/tien-huang ta-di]; Emperor Dada; a Chinese asterism

comprising one star, Polaris, the North Pole; known as the central palace of heaven and ruler

of the sky (Schlegel 1967: 523; Staal 1984: 126; Allred, 2002: 117); the pole star commonly

referred to in Mongolian as Altan (adasu (the golden spike [TU, 1991: 896]): dada qan

kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; the sun; the yang principle (Lessing 1951: 158); while

Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here is likely to an asterism, dayang, so named

because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel 1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the

Mongolian star naran (TU, 903): dayang kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v.

deb phase; stage: qoyar deb-dr edr sni sau(uu bolu(san 6r; tere a(-tur qoyar deb-dr

edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r.

1176
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

degr- to be full; to wax, i.e., of the moon: sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba.

bara(daqui medek kereg 4v; sara degrki bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r; bey-e inu (urban

tib-i degrmi 55r.

degreng sang full treasury: degrengsang mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

dolo(an gara( the seven wandering stars, i.e., Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus,

Jupiter, Saturn: qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un

sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui

24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 50v; dolo(an

odun 59v.

dolo(an odun the seven stars, i.e., Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn; the

seven days of the week: qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu

uaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn

50v; dolo(an odun 59v.

doto(adu ordo internal palace; the northern circumpolar stars; in China, India and ancient

Mesopotamia the sky is divided into three divisions, outer, middle, and inner, the middle

being the stars of the ecliptic, outer, the stars south of the ecliptic; and inner, the northern and

circumpolar stars (Needham 1959: 242-243, 255-257); a binary division of the sky is also

found, in which the inner palace refers to the stars beyond the twenty-eight lunar mansions

(Ch. xiu); this again indicates the northern circumpolar stars (Allred, 2002: 12; Needham

1959: 242-243); the inner palace is also represented by specific constellations, the six stars

1177
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

of gouzhen (angular arranger, in Ursa Minor, Camelopardalis, and Cepheus), nine stars of wei

(the tail, the 6th xiu) and four stars of ji (the basket, the 7th xiu [Ho 1966: 67, 97-98]):

doto(adu ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

drben belbesn odun the four widow stars: drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg

istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r.

drben krdn obo( the four-wheels clan: Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun

drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

drben tan odun ?the four tan nakshatra (indicating significance for those of rank, to

whom tan is used as an honorific): drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar

Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

drben r-e tasura(san odun the four nakshatra in which descendants are cut off:

drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r.

dli middle; middle of the day or night, i.e., noon or midnight: nara emnei odqui es-

dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju

ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a g

odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui

6r; edr dli 24v, 39r, 39r, 40r; erig mordobasu edr dli morda 23r; sni dli 38v, 38v, 39r,

39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r; edr sni dli 42r, 42v, 42v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai

ua( Anurad Udarisad Abaji irvan Tanis Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin:

Ardar Mig ma(u. busu odun dli bui 56r; edr dli-dr qarimui 39r; edr dli-ee sni krtel-

1178
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

e i(ulumui 38v; ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r; (urban sarayin qorin qoyar-

a sni-yin dli-yin urida drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v.

dngi [Ch. dong zhi]; the winter solstice (Mathews, 6603 (p. 963)); nara emnei odqui

es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee

qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r.

ebderek disintegrating; one of the stages of the horoscope, i.e., the ascendent: 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v; buyan keig ebderek 21v; gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda

ebderek ba(uram qoyar-du aliba iles l iledk 24v.

ebln nara ba(uqu the winter solstice: Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-

yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r; ebln

naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

ebln nara ba(uqu edr the winter solstice; Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r.

ebln nara bayiqu the winter solstice (6r).

ebln naran ba(uqu a( the hour of the winter solstice; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r.

1179
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ebln til-n edr the winter solstice: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr

bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle 59r.

egde(n)/ egde(n) [Tib. sgo; Uy. iik]; gate, passageway. The term has both physical and

metaphysical connotations; gates are given in ancient Babylonian sources. Tamsyn Barton

writes that "In Babylonian astrology each band of stars in a constellation is envisaged as the

path of one of the gods, who enter through the gates on the horizon (Barton, p. 13).

Thompson describes the "gate" in terms of an "interruption" of the halo around the sun when

it is low on the horizon (Thompson, p. xxv). A full description of the term is given by Ren

Gunon in Richer's Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks, tranl. Christine Rhone, where

it says:

The vertical axis, in so far as it unites the two poles, is evidently a north-south
axis. In the transition from a polar to a solare symbolism, this axis will have
to be, as it were, projected onto the zodiacal plane, but in such a way as to
keep a certain correspondence . . . . that would be as exact as possible with the
original polar axis. Now, in the annual cycle, the winter and summer solstices
are the two points that correspond respectively to the north and to the south in
the order of space, just as the spring and autumn equinoxes similarly
correspond to east and west. The axis that will fulfill the desired condition is
thus the one that joins the two solstitial points; and it can be said that this
solstitial axis will then act as a relatively vertical axis . . . .
The cosmic cavern could have two opposed "zodiacal" gateways, in
accordance with the axis that has just been envisaged, which would
correspond respectively to the two solstitial points, one being the entrance and
the other the exit. The notion of these two "sostitial gateways" is explicit in
most of the traditions, and is generally given great symbolic importance. The
entrance is sometimes called the "gateway of humanity" . . . . The exit is then
by contrast known as the "gateway of the gods" . . . . (Richer, pp. 63-64)

"On this point, as on many others," Richer says, "the Pythagoreans were transmitting an

ancient tradition which is also clearly expressed in the Bhagavad Gita" (Richer, p. 64); cf.

1180
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

also Rachmati, 395; ger-n egde 23v; tngri-yin egde/egde 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin

egden-dr 49r; (adquldu(i tngri-yin egden odun 59r; (aar-un egde 33r, 33r; sayin

egde 33r; ma(u egde 33r; sang-un egde buu nege 33v; egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened like nails in the

ice-like vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three domains and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a world pillar, the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the north Nail or world nail (Polaris [De Santillana, 123]); doro(i

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v; deged Uma neret (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

'al (odun) fire star, i.e., Mars, Tuesday: 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v,

46r, 46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r; 'al odun bges egerde qalan morin una(san

ba. bombo kmn ba ula(an debelt kmn ba ese bges degerem qula(ayii ba keregr

1181
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui

22v.

gara( [S. graha seizer, Tib. za]; planet; planets; known as seizer in Indian astrology

because they lay hold of the fates of men with their supernatural influence (Burgess 1859:

275; see also Stone 1981: 94); also rendered in Mongolian as gra(-a (KOT 60): gara( 54v;

taban gara( 2r; ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r; gara( idei erik edrn belge

drbelin qara debisker 20v; qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i

tokiyaldu(ulu 21r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v;

Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem 21v; Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un

qad-un gara( bki 22r; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bki 22v; do(in gara( 22v;

tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v; Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-

un qa(an-u gara( bki 22v; Modun odun kemebes gelen galbaranjan modun-u gara(

bki 23r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23v; iroi odun kemebes

dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r; gara( tegs inu sayin 24v; gara( ba yabuqui

odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v; isn gara( 32v; niiged gara( bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin

inu 38r; nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v; odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu 55r; odun

gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r; niiged gara(-lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui 33r;

gara(-ud 45v; gara(-ud-iyar; gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; gara(-ud-un; gara(-

ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in inu 39v; gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v; gara(-ud-un

do(in idei eriki inu 43v; gara(-un qubil(an 39v; do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu 43r.

1182
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger [S. karkata]; the house of the Crab; Cancer; 6th sign of the

zodiac; the more commonly found Mongolian term for crab is naimalji from the stem

naiman "eight" referring to the crabs eight claws; this sign of the zodiac is now commonly

referred to as meneki-yin ger (see, for instance, melkhiin ger in the modern Mongolian

almanacs of Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish): Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertr

naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r.

ger dwelling; home; sign, i.e., of the zodiac: niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged

niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r; niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged qubi

segder neme 6r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r; naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r; nara

Qonin-u gertr oro(san-u tula Qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; nara ker-n ger-dr

oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula.

yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r; Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertr

naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u

gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r; naran Okin-u gertr oro(san-u tula

yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r; naran inglegr-n gertr oro(san-u tula.

yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r; naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u

tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r; naran Numun-u gertr oro(san-u

tula yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r; naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u tula

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r.

1183
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

geyi-/gi- to dawn, grow light: r geyigsen 42v; r geyiki-dr 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r; r giki-

dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; r geyim 2r, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

isn gara( the nine planets (32v); the Teutonic week. Included with the seven gara(

which comprise the days of the week there are two additional gara(, Rhu and Ketu, to make

nine total. Rhu, which designates the moon's ascending node is mythological and belongs

to the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was believed to

occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them. The moon's

descending node was deified in a similar way as Ketu. Cf. Burgess, 194.

janggn/sanggn [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chn, the general, (Mathews 656.h.13)] ike

jangjun tenggeri, (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/tien-ta-chiang-chn (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel 1967: 339; Staal 1984: 55; Allen, 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun (TEDP, 122-126): janggn, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r; janggn

doron-a 8r; sanggn umar-a 19r.

Jayitari/ayitari/Jayitar [S. Citr]; one of the nakshatra: Jayitari 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 21r, 37v, 52r, 59r, 59v, 60v/ayitari 19v; a(-un krdn-

dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

krdin-dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; Jayitari na(idar 28r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari

na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; usun galab bol(a(i Jayitari bui 33r; miqai a(an Jayitari buyu

1184
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

34r; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar

key-yin inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; debel qubasun

eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 56r; Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v;

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

i(asun-u ger the house of the fish; Pisces; a sign of the zodiac: naran i(asun-u ger-dr

oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r.

un-u nara bayiqu the summer solstice: un-u nara bayiqu 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a(

12r.

kem limit; measure: edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r.

Kerteg [S. Krttik]; the Pleiades; one of the nakshatra: Kerteg 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 34r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 53r, 55v,

56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun es Kerteg

sar-a 17r; Kerteg na(idar 17r, 25r, 32v.

kirt- to be eclipsed, e.g., the sun or moon: nara sara kirtbes 25v.

kke luu [Ch. Canglong/ Tsang-lung (Mathews 6714, 4258)]; the Blue dragon (49r, 49r,

49r); refers to the Blue Dragon of spring, which together with the White Tiger of autumn

(a(an baras) , the Red Bird of summer (ula(an aa(ai) and the Black Tortoise of winter

(qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade,

passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119).

1185
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kke luu-yin kl the foot of the blue dragon; refers to the third Chinese lunar mansion (Ch.

di/ti (Mathews 6187) foundation); it lies at the end of the eastern spring palace, the Blue

Dragon, comprising four stars (Schlegel 1967: 102): kke luu-yin kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u

49r.

kke luu-yin niru(un the back of the blue dragon; refers to the second Chinese lunar

mansion (Ch. gang/kang (Mathews 3273) throat); it lies in the midst of the eastern spring

palace, the Blue Dragon, and comprises four stars (Schlegel 1967: 93): kke luu-yin niru(un-

tur mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

kke luu-yin terign the head of the blue dragon; refers to the first Chinese lunar mansion

(Ch. jiao/chiao (Mathews 1174) horn); it lies at the head of the eastern spring palace, the

Blue Dragon, comprising two stars, " and . Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 87): kke luu-yin terign-

dr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

kn tegs powerful and full; refers to a celestial bodys passing mid-heaven, the point

were the meridian cuts the ecliptic: kn tegs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; kn tegs-n

a( 22v, 23r; Naran odun kn tegs-n a( 21v; kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui

46r.

luu-yin qutu( dragons bliss; this likely refers to the Chinese asterism tianfu/tien-fu

(Mathews 6359, 1978) celestial bliss comprising two stars, perhaps 3 Scorpii and 8 Librae;

the association with the dragon lies in that it is located in the palace of the Blue Dragon of

Spring: luu-yin qutu( mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

1186
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Luuq-a odun [S. Rhu; Tib. gzachen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Rhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Rhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the suns path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18 years; in Hindu

mythology Rhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

Rhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

by the 8th century A.D. Rhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi

[Stone 1981: 25-36]); cf. also Burgess 1859: 194; MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94; Cornu 1997:

144; Indian Rhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the dragon, that

stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends of a

diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

manda- to rise, of the sun: naran mandaqui-dur 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v.

Margiar [S. Mrgairs]; one of the nakshatra: Margiar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v, 60v; Banjar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; Margiar na(idar;

o(tar(ui-tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r; Margiar na(idar kemebes a(ui yeke

na(idar bui 25v; qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu 33v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Margiar qoyar 45r;

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun

1187
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Margiar qoyar 45r; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden

modun bui 61r; Margaar Ardar qoyar qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; basa mr (arqu

edrn sayin kemebes Margaar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin

inu [. . .] Margaar [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Margiar [.

. .] sayin 51r; Margiar [. . .] beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Margaar [. . .]sayin 55v; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .]Margaar [. . .]

sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .]Margasar [.

. .]sayin 56v; Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v; Margaar Asli(

Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r; Margaar-dur

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v.

mai okilan obo( the eminently accommodating clan: Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad

Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

mai tbin obo( the eminently just clan: Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden

mai tbin obo(-tan buyu 61v.

Matar-un ger [S. makara]; the house of the sea monster/crocodile; a sign of the zodiac =

Capricorn, The Goat; in the ancient Babylonian zodiac was a constellation of a mythological

creature, suhur.m ( the goat-fish [Koch-Westenholz, 1995: 164]); the Greeks in borrowing

the Babylonian zodiac created a mythological goat that we know as Capricorn; Hindus,

however, in borrowing the Babylonian zodiac, went the other way and created a mythological

1188
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

fish or sea-monster (S. makara, Mong. matar [Schlegel 1967: 1967: 664]): naran Matar-un

ger-dr oro(san 19r.

meks weak; one of the terms of the horoscope, i.e. the ascendent: meks 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v; tere gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda ebderek ba(uram qoyar-du aliba iles

l iledk 24v; geige-dr meks dumda 52v.

Mig [S. Mgha]; one of the nakshatra: Mig 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v,

61v; Mig na(idar 27r; Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r; Mig sara ebesn- ndsn

kkemi 2r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras

sar-a bol(au 2v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln es Mig sara 8r; takir no(i

kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i Mig buyu 33v; o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden (al bui 61r.

mr tgerek perturbation: nara sara mr tgerek 4r.

Mul [S. Mla]; one of the nakshatra: Mul 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 53r, 56r, 59r, 59v; Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u [=albin-u]

na(idar bui 29v; geg kmn-i bayan bol(a(i Mul buyu 33v; yer r-e tasulu(i Mul

buyu 34r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

Mul [. . .] sayin 37v; [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun edr qutu( oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad

1189
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui 37v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Usun odun Mul qoyar 45r;

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar 45r; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Anurad

istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes

[. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin

48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun sayin 51r; Burvabalguni

irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui. iles bgde-d ma(u kememi 60v; drben tan odun

kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar. 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul

eden drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

naiman ber-n odun the personal nakshatra: naiman ber-n odun kemebes Ardar

Burnavasu qoyar Qasta Jayitar qoyar. Anurad Tanisa qoyar. Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar

bui 60v.

na(idar [S. nakshatra]; lunar mansion; there are twenty-eight; for a list of nakshatra

names in Mongolian, Tibetan and Sanskrit, see RRS, 671; for the Uygur stars of the

nakshatra, cf. Rachmati, 299-301; for correspondence of Hindu, Arab and Chinese systems,

cf. Burgess 1859: 344; for lists of stars in Hindu, Arab and Chinese asterisms, cf. Burgess

1859: 468; for nakshatra as months, cf. Burgess 1859: 174; for nakshatra star lore, cf.

Burgess 1859: 324-365; for the 28 asterisms in Tibet, cf. Cornu 1997: 131; na(idar 56v; Bus

na(idar 2v; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; edr-n (ada(adu na(idar 3v; mar(ada-

1190
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v; odun na(idar 4r, 37v, 42r, 46r; nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i

nasuda inileki kereg 4v; odun na(idar uirabasu 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu(

oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral

bolumui 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r; ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar

kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek

degrk ba. bara(daqui medek kereg 4v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr

kemek na(idar bui 25r; ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v; Margiar na(idar kemebes

a(ui yeke na(idar bui 25v; tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui 26r;

biqar qangin-u iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(idar 26r; Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru(

tasura(san na(idar kemey 26r; i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar bui 26v; Bus na(idar

kemebes tegs leyit na(idar bui 26v; nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu

na(idar bui 27r; (rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar bui 27r; Mig na(idar kemebes

ske-dr adali bui 27r; albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar bui 27v; Burvabalguni na(idar

kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai met na(idar 27v; ariyatan-u snesn na(idar kemey ula(an

gebri qakiraqu kemey 27v; Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar

kemey 27v; qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu na(idar kemey 28r; Qasta na(idar kemebes

qurdun yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r; erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar kemey 28r; Savadai

1191
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar 28v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un

o(talda(san na(idar kemey 28v; ua( na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar

bui 29r; ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar kemey 29r; emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an

na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; belbesn em-e kmn bk (aar bariqu na(idar kemey 29v;

ista na(idar kemebes im[n]us-un na(idar bui 29v; do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar

kemey 29v; Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u na(idar bui 29v; quya( ems'ki na(idar

kemey 30r; Burvasad na(idar kemebes erketen- na(idar bui 30r; timed erdeni bolqu

na(idar bui 30v; Abiji na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v; kl-n na(idar

bui 30v; irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v; emegen- snesn

na(idar 31v; Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban kl met bui 32r; umara g-n

usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul

Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Kerteg Barani

ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v;

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin

inar bui 45v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin

56v; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v; na(idar-a na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar

il(abasu 61r; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v; tegni qoiyad

qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei 3v; aliba odun na(idar-<y>i endegre

ese medebes 4v; odun na(idar-i l medek bges tegni medeki ar(-a inu 4v; edr-n

odu-yi medebes na(idar-<y>i tegber medek bolai 5r; na(idar-<y>i eilek-yin ner-e ene

1192
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bui 59r; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r; Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar

r geyim 9r; Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; ista

na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r; Abiji na(idar-iyar r

geyim 14r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r; Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim

16r; Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r; Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r; Bus na(idar-

iyar r geyim 19r; Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen 32v; qorin

naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek

krdn ene bui 21r; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v;

Bus na(idar-tu trgi 2r; Kerteg na(idar-tur burqan takibasu 25r; Rkini na(idar-tur

in-e debel abubasu 25r; Ardar na(idar-tur burqan btgebes 26r; Asli( na(idar-tur eliy-e

ldebes 27r; Jayitari na(idar-tur im[n]us btgebes 28r; Anurad na(idar-tur mr

(arbasu 29r; Udarisad na(idar-tur burqan-i takibasu 30r; Tanista na(idar-tur mr (arbasu

31r; Sadabis na(idar-tur aliba ola eribes 31r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-tur beri

ba(ul(abasu 31r; Udarbadaribad na(idar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu 31v; Rivadai na(idar-tur

ger baribasu 31v; Auvani na(idar-tur in-e debel okiyabasu 32r; odun na(idar-un krdn

2r; odun ba na(idar-un uaral 2v; yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-

un neres-iyer nereyidk 3r; qorin naiman na(idar-un yabudal 24v; doron-a g-n modun-u

dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; na(idar-un sayin 37v; gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un

sayin ma(u uaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v; na(idarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; beri-yi

l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r; na(idar-un ner-e 59r; na(idar-un ner-e odun-

1193
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud ene bui 59v; Enedk[e]g-n keleber. na(idar-a sam-a yokibani

32r.

nara(n) sun: nara(n) 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 37v, 38r; nara urbaqui 2v; nara urba(san-aa

(urban sar-a bolu(ad edr sni sau(uu bolumui 5v; Banjar dakini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r; nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui 3r; nara emnei

odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v; nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g

urbau 5v; nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen il bolumui 5v; nara

emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin

(aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r;

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder

gei bolumui 6r; naran umara g odqui ir(u(an sara sayin bui 37v; nara keiy-e bayiqu tende

qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi

edr 6r; basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r;

un-u nara bayiqu egn-ee qoyin-a ulam urtuddumui 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r; nara

oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; nara sara 55r; b-n a(tur nara sara

mr tgerek 4r; nara sara kirtbes yeke ud bolumui 25v; nara sara kbes 27r, 32r; nara

sara kiged isn gara( ba. a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar okin tngri 32v; ginggang kemebes

nara sara bari(i do(in gara( kememi 42v; nara ur(u- 42r, 42v; nara ur(u(-a edgy-e 6r;

luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; ereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v;

qubi sarayin arban drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl

1194
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

i(ulumui 38r; qara ingpng giki anu. qubi sarayin Baras bein edr nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a gimi 42r; nara ingge- 42r; nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a

kmn- ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e

ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; isn sarayin

naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur

i(ulumui 38v; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-

iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-

un] qariqui inu qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isn-e nara inggeki-dr qarimui 39r; qoyar

sarayin nigen in-e qorin naiman-a nara inggeki-tr qarimui 39r; nara mandu- 40r, 40r, 40r,

42v, 42v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-

iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; tabun sarayin arban ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui

39r; isn sarayin qoyar in-e nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dr

oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u

tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r; nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san-u tula qonin a(-iyar

qura(alamui 10r; nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran

Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula. yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r;

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gerdr naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un

kgemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui

14r; naran Okin-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r; naran

inglegr-n gertr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi

16r; naran Tiler-n gerdr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a(

1195
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

17r; naran Numun-u gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r;

naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; ula(an nara 39v;

qariqui edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara

bui 20r; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v.

nara ba(u- the sun declines, i.e., at the solstices: Banjar dakini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

nara bayiqu lit. the sun stops; the solstice, i.e., the time when the sun stops and reverses

its direction; it is a time for cutting days from the calendar; other Mongolian terms for the

solstices are nara buaqu edr, "the day the sun returns", and nara jo(sulta edr, "the day the

sun stops". nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara emnei odqui

es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee

qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r.

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui [S. ayana progress; uttaryana northern

progress; dakshinyana southern progress]; the progress of the sun to the south and the

progress of the sun to the north, i.e. the tropical year, marking the suns path from solstice to

solstice; see Burgess 1859: 247, 249; Stone 1981: 52-54, 187-188; nara emnei odqui ba.

umar-a g odqui 3r; nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui

3v; nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu

da(usbasu nigen il bolumui 5v; nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr

1196
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr

dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; naran umara g odqui ir(u(an sara

sayin bui 37v.

nara mandu- the sun rises: 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-

a naran mandaqui-dur naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; tabun sarayin

arban ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r; isn sarayin qoyar in-e nara manduqui-dur

qarimui 39r.

Nara(n) odun the Sun star, i.e., Sunday: 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r,

56r, 56v, 56v; Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem (al inar bui 21v.

nara ingge- the sun sets: 42r; nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn-

ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-

un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; isn sarayin naiman

in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui

38v; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-iyar

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v; naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un]

qariqui inu qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isn-e nara inggeki-dr qarimui 39r; qoyar

sarayin nigen in-e qorin naiman-a nara inggeki-tr qarimui 39r.

1197
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

nara urba- the sun changes direction, i.e., at the solstices: nara urbaqui 2v; nara urba(san-

aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edr sni sau(uu bolumui 5v.

nara ur(u- sunrise: 42r, 42v; nara ur(u(-a edgy-e 6r; luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara

ur(umui 8r; ereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v; qubi sarayin arban drben

nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38r; qara ingpng

giki anu. qubi sarayin Baras bein edr nara ur(u(san qoyin-a gimi 42r.

Numun-u ger the house of the bow; Sagittarius; the 11th sign of the zodiac: naran Numun-

u gertr oro(san 18r.

odu(n) star: odun 37v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 51r, 53r, 56r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 61r; odun na(idar-un krdn 2r; odun ba na(idar-un uaral 2v; nara urbaqui odun 2v;

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v; qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun

na(idar-yi to(alaqu gei 3v;saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki 4r; nidn-iyen odun

na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg 4v; aliba odun na(idar-yi endegre ese medebes 4v;

odun na(idar-i l medek 4v; iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 24r, 24r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 56r; Naran odun

4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

1198
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

45r, 45r, 45r, 52r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r,

22r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 56r; 'al odun 4v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 52r, 56r; Usun odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r;

Modun odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 43r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 56v; Altan odun

4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r; odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r; minu

odun ali bui 32v; yabuqui odun 32v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Smber

a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v; dumda bki-yi to(orin yabu(i odun 32v; a(ula-yin

1199
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

door-a to(orin yabu(i odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun

kiged Vim-a neret qoyar odun bui 32v; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i <m>odun mn

uridu qoyar odun teriglen ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai ba. Modun odun kiged

orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v; Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen qorin

naiman odun ba. nara sara kiged isn gara( ba. a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar okin tngri

ba. yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v; ken il-lu(-a niiged odun bui

33r; arban tabun odun bgde door-a to(orimui 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali bui33r;

usun-u galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen

kmn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r;

nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r;

geg kmn-i bayan bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; bayan kmn-i gegreglegi odun ali bui

33r; qurim-dur keig tasurla(i odun ali bui 33r; iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] timeriddgi

odun ali bui 33r; nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; r-e-gei

kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; (uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali

bui 33r; i(ul(an-dur ola ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr

oro(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i [odun] ali bui 33r; inu-a-yin

kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed-n erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui

33v; ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v; ma(ui udusq-a

ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i odun ali bui 33v; ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu

34r; odun na(idar sayin bges 37v, 42r, 46r; odun na(idar uirabasu 37v; edr-lu(-a odun

qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; tlegi odun 44v; odun na(idar

1200
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar

bolumui 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn-

yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45r; Luuq-a odun 45v; odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi

il(au biisgei 46r; il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui

sayin odun 51r; beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r; ede odun na(idar

tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r; gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v;

odun gara( 55r; Mul odun 56r; (adquldu(i tngri-yin egden odun 59r; bayan kmn-i

geyireglgi odun 59r; ilu(un n<e>gge gelen odun 59r; usun-dur alda(san imnus-un

odun 59r; i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r; (ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r; rne

umara-yin iim odun 59r; albin-u tegermei odun 59r; qakirqui gebri odun 59r; kger

qara arudasun odun 59r; (altu tor(on ergiki Modun odun 59r; bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun

59r; btgi odun 59r; k sang bari(i odun 59r; nigen em-e yisn er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r;

tngri-yin ijim odun 59r; qan kmn tr kk odun 59r; dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r;

drbelin kri odun 59r; da(ulai nin odun 59r; ila(un daru(da(i odun 59r; grgein

imnus-un odun 59r; miqai gebri-yin odun 59r; yeke sun-a odun 59r; miqai a(an odun

59r; r-e tasulu(i odun 59r; nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i odun 59r; abu(i eliy-e

odun 59r; odun erdem-yi to(olabasu 60v; Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n

odun bui 60v; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui 60v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

1201
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

btgek-yin odun bui 60v; Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v;

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v; ua( Auvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui

60v; ber-n odun 60v; drben r-e tasura(san odun 61r; drben tan odun 61r; drben

belbesn odun 61r; eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r; eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; eden drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v; eden

odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v; ede (urban odun-aa busu inu ma(u 56v;

ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; ede sayin odun-dur itgen-dr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r; ber-n trgsen odun-dur ya(un

buu iled 56r; Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v; Altan odun-dur tusa yeke bolqu

56v; drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v; drben es odun-dur qutu( l

oroi(ulqu bui 61v; odun-i 50v; ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ulu edr-n odun-i medek bolai

5r; qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu 21r; dolo(an odun-i

nen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v; Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r; iroi odun-iyar

ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki 2v;

na(idarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr 2v;

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali 25r; tabun odun-u dri inu

tergen- krdn met bui 25v; (urban odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui 26r; isn

odun-u dri inu. kirge-met bui 26r; (urban odun-u dri inu. tul(-a-yin modun met bui

26v; (urban odun dri inu kir(a(ul met bui 27r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin

terign met bui 27r; ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v; qoyar odun-u dri inu

1202
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qulu(an-a met bui 27v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r; tabun odun-u dri inu (ar

met bui 28r; nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui 28v; drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni

met bui 28v; drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu a(an-u terign

met bui 29v; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v; (urban odun-u dri inu

grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met 30r; drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r; tabun

odun-u dri inu a(an met bui 30v; drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v;

(urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 31r; drben odun-u dri vair met bui

31r; qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r; qoyar odun-u dri inu tergen met bui

31v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v; (uin qoyar odun dri inu

ong(ua met bui 31v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui 32r; (urban odun-u

dri inu lingquu-a met bui 32r; odun-u terign ali bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin 38r; edr-n

odun-u sayin uiral 38r; odun-u sayin-i edr-iyer il(ayu 46r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu

g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; na(idar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud

ene bui 59v; edr-n odu-yi medebes na(idar-yi tegber medek bolai 5r.

o(tar(ui sky; firmament: (aar-un snes anu. Baras Mo(ai Bein 'aqai edr-e o(tar(ui-

du amui 58v; o(tar(ui-dur Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 8r; o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni

na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; o(tar(ui-dur

ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; o(tar(ui-dur ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; o(tar(ui-

dur Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r; o(tar(ui-dur Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r;

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r; ir(oli terigten amitan degde

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r; o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r; o(tar(ui-dur

1203
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r; o(tar(ui-tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r;

o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(idar-iyar r geyim 19r; o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v.

Okin-u ger the house of the maiden; Virgo; the 8th sign of the zodiac: naran Okin-u gerdr

oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r.

ordo [Ch. gong palace]; palace; a division of the sky; in Chinese astrology there are four

main palaces dividing the heavens along the equatorial circle, the Blue Dragon of spring in

the east (Mong. kke luu), the Red Bird of summer in the south (Mong. ula(an aa(ai) the

White Tiger of autumn in the west (Mong. a(an baras) and the Black Tortoise of winter in

the north (Mong. qara yasutu menekei); in addition to these four seasonal palaces, the sky is

divided in other ways as well: into outer, middle and inner rings (as it was in India and ancient

Babylon as well); into nine palaces (Ch. jiugong), one for each of the cardinal and ordinal

directions plus the center; as well as into thirteen palaces, representing the twelve earthly

branches or zodiacal twelve-fold division of the sky, plus the center; cf. Needham 1959: 240-

243; Smith, Richard, Chinese Almanacs, 1992: 11-12, 31; for the term (ordu) in the Uygur

Turfan texts, see Rachmati, 399; doto(adu ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r; altan ordo mr

(arbasu sayin 49r; tngri-yin ordo-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

oro(n) place, land, house, i.e. of the sun: nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono(

sa(umui 3v; naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula 12r.

li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar the eight fortunate nakshatra: qorin naiman

na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. dorona Margasar Bus qoyar

1204
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

emne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar. rn-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar. umara

Udaribadaribad kiged Aivani qoyar 60v.

r dawn: r geyi- 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r, 42v; Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r;

Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r; Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; ua(

na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; Burvasad na(idar-iyar r

geyim 13r; Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r;

Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r; Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r; Margiar na(idar-

iyar r geyim 18r; Bus na(idar-iyar r geyim 19r.

Qamtudquy-yin ger the house of union; Gemini; the Twins; the fifth sign of the zodiac:

naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula. yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil

trmi 12r.

qara yasutu meneki the black-shelled turtle; the Black Tortoise of winter, which, together

with the Blue Dragon of spring (kke luu), the White Tiger of autumn (a(an baras), and the

Red Bird of summer (ula(an aa(ai), make up the four Chinese sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars

of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker 1997: 113-119): qara yasutu

meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r.

Qasta [S. Hasta]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Qasta 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 46v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Qasta na(idar kemebes qurdun

yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-droro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v;

Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral

bolai. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu(

1205
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

kki ma(u uaral bolumui. iroi odun Qasta qoyar 45r; Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qasta<n> Jayitar[i] Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; mr (arqu

edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Qasta

[. . .] sayin 48v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 56r; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista

Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta

Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Qasta Jayitar qoyar [. . .]

60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

qata(uu do(in obo( the severe and fearsome clan: Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden

drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

Qonin-u ger the house of the Ram; Aries; the 3rd sign of the zodiac: nara Qonin-u gertr

oro(san 10r.

qono( day; the smallest unit of natural time = 24 hours: qono( tasura- 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v;

ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r; ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r; ir(u(an

okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono(gei bui 3r; tegber ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r;

nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; qaburun terign Baras sar-a-

dur (uin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui

3v; Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3v; Bein sara-dur

(uin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono(

1206
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bui 3v; usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v; qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-

dr inu edr l tasuraqu qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v; edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v;

umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu 3v; nara oron-

ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r; (uin qono( nigen

sar-a 5r; iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; (uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a

bolumui 5v; ebln dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau ir(u(an sar-a bged

ir(u(an qono( bolbasu nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; nigen qono(-i a(un mi

bol(an 6r; isn qono(-tu oldayu 23r; a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r; a(u qono(-du kk

60r; arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; qono(-un (urban il 2r;

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v; qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun

na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei 3v.

qono(-un (urban il the three kinds of day, i.e., 1. the zodiac or sidereal day (Tib.

khyim-zhag), the time it takes the sun to progress on out of 360 degrees of the zodiac or the

movement of the sun across the celestial meridian; there are 360 such days in a year; this is

the longest type of day; 2. the doin, the solar or natural day (Tib. nyin-zhag), the period from

dawn to dawn; there are 365 such days per year; 3. the date or lunar day (tshes-zhag), the

period of time it takes the moon to travel one-thirtieth the distance between new moon

positions in each successive sign of the zodiac; there are 375 lunar days in a year; this is the

shortest type of day; see Berzin, 20-21; Schuh, 84; the three kinds of day derive from three

incommensurate cycles in nature: 1. the doin or solar day; 2. the lunation; 3. the sidereal year;

1207
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

the three kinds of day is found in Tibetan and Hindu systems as well; qono(-un (urban il

2r.

qu(us equinox: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i

igerle.59r.

Qumqan-u ger The house of the pitcher; the first sign of the zodiac = Aquarius; nara

Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r.

Rivadi/Rivadi [S. Revat]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rivadi 9v, 10v, 12v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 59r, 59v/Rivadi 8v, 11v, 21v; Rivadi na(idar 31v; nigen biteg

tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i Rivad'i buyu 33v; iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i](al-dur

timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Rivadi
ede sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu

kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani

eden usun bui 61r; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Rivadi [. . .] sayin 56r; drben

tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; Margaar Asli( Jayitar

Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

Rkini/Rokini [S. Rohin]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rkini 10v, 11v,

16v/Rkini 8v, 9v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59r;

Rkini na(idar 25r; nigen ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v; bayan kmn-i

gegriglgi Rkini buyu 33v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

1208
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Rkini [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 37v; na(idar-un sayin inu [. . .] Rkini [. . .] odun edr

qutu( oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] iroi odun Rkini

qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Rkini qoyar 45r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar

iroy-yin inar bui 45v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes Rkini [. . .] odun sayin 51r;

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes Rkini [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn

sayin [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 55v; Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui

60v; Rkini-tur busud-i ilaqui 37v.

Sadabis [S. atabhisaj]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Sadabis 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Sadabis na(idar 31r; qota

bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba

noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Sadabis sayin 37r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Sadabis qoyar 45r; Sadabis

Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 48v; Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis

ke[i]g-n odun bui. ed mal l (ar(amui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Sadabis
Burvabadaribad qoyar bui 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l

tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

1209
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sang quriyang(ui treasure collection; perhaps this refers to the Chinese constellation

gulou/ku-lou (Mathews 3496, 4143), the treasury, comprising ten stars in the lower center

of Virgo (Schlegel 1967: 1967: 136): sangquriyang(ui mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

sar-a/sara(n) 1. moon; 2. month; 3. Monday: sara/sar-a 6v, 8r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r;

ineleki sara 2r; qaburun terign sar-a 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; Mig sara 2r; Baras sar-a/sara 2v, 8r, 8r,

58v; Qubi sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r; Bus sar-a 3r; Sua( sar-a 3r; saban sar-a 3r, 3r, 3v, 4r, 5r,

5v, 6v, 6v, 7r; arban qoyar sara 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r; un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r,

11r, 12r, 13r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 14r, 15r; ebln dumdadu sara 4r; sara degrki

bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r; b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek 4r; il sara mi-yin

a(ur okiramui 4r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v; edr sni sar-a il bol(au

5r; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; arban qoyar sar-

a nigen il 5r; [arban] qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; ir(u(an sar-a 5v;

nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad 5v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an

ken sar-a bol(au 6v; aliba sara saban bges tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v; bing baras sara 7v; uu baras sara 7v; king baras sara 7v; im baras

sara 7v; a baras sara 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; in taulai sara 7v; ki taulai

sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara 7v; im luu sara 7v; a luu sara 7v; bing

1210
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

luu sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; in mo(ai sara 7v; ki mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding

mo(ai sara 7v; king morin sara 7v; im morin sara 7v; a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v;

uu morin sara 7v; in qonin sara 7v; ki qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v;

gii qonin sara 7v; im bein sara 7v; a bein sara 7v; bing bein sara 7v; uu bein sara 7v;

king bein sara 7v; ki takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a sara

7v; in takiy-a sara 7v; a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara

7v; im noqai sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v;

ki (aqai sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; im

qulu(an-a sara 7v; a qulu(an-a sara 7v; ding ker sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; in ker sara 7v;

ki ker sara 7v; ii ker sara 7v; ebln es Mig sara 8r; yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen

buyan-tu sara bolai 8r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun es sara 9r; taulai sara

9r, 9r; qoyar sara 9r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; jun-u terign sara 10r; qaburun es

sara 10r; luu sara 10r, 10r; (urban sara 10r; qaburun es ua( sara 11r; un-u terign sar-a

11r; mo(ai sar-a 11r, 11r; drben sar-a 11r; ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r; un-u terign ista

sar-a 12r; un-u es sara 12r, 13r; tabun sara 12r; morin sara 12r, 12r; namurun terign sara

13r, 14r; qonin sara 13r, 13r; ir(u(an sara 13r, 37v; un-u es Abiji sara 14r; bein sar-a

14r, 14r; dolo(an sar-a 14r, 56v [here not name but duration?]; namurun terign

Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun es sar-a 15r, 16r; takiy-a sara 15r, 15r; naiman sara 15r,

37r; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; ebln terign sara 16r, 17r;

noqai sara 16r, 16r; isn sara 16r; namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r; ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r,

18r; (aqai sar-a 17r; ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; ebln es sar-a 18r, 19r; qulu(an-a

1211
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sar-a/sara 18r, 18r; arban nigen sar-a 18r; ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ker sar-a/sara 19r,

19r, 58v; kgeler-n sar-a 19r; kgeler sara 38v; gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i

qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; nara sara 32v; nara sara

kirtbes 25v; nara sara kbes 27r, 32r; nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v; il kiged sar-a

edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; geyireglgi sara namurun es geyireglgi

sar-a bui 41r; ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara

bui 41r; ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r; namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui

41r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au

biisgei 48r; yeke sara bges 51v; sara yeke bges 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; ba(-a sara bges

51v; sara ba(-a bges 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen

ek kereg bolai 54v; on sara edr a( me 55r; 1 sara 59v; arban nigen sara-aa tabun sara

krtel-e sayin 37v; sarada 11r, 15r, 38v, 40r; ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r;

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r; naiman sarada<n> edr sni

teng kem-iyer 6r; qoyar sarada 9r; (urban sarada 10r; drben sarada erdem sur(abasu 11r;

ir(u(an sarada erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles kiged abiig abubasu 13r; dolo(an sarada

sayitar oroi(ulbasu 14r; naiman sarada i(ul(an i(ulbasu 15r; isn sarada gken tusa

btegebes 16r; arban sarada a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; arban nigen sarada ed mal

(ada(i gbes 18r; kgeler sarada usun-u iles iledbes 19r; qaburun (urban sarada 42r,

42r; un-u (urban sarada 42r; namurun (urban sarada 42r, 42r; ebln (urban sarada 42r, 42r;

ede sarada 37v; ede sarada okin-u bey-e- d ma(u 51r; ede sarada tegi sayin bui 51r; ede

sarada i(ui-du ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada eige eke-de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eige

1212
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eke-de ma(u 51r; ede sarada er-e-d ma(u bui 51r; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign 55r;

un-u (urban sarada<n> terign 55r; namurun (urban sarada terign 55r; ebln (urban

sarada terign 55r; Sua( sar-a arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk 3r;

qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r; Luu

sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gei-yin tula 3v; Morin sara-

dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tulada 3v; Bein sara-dur (uin

qono( bui 3v; Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono(

bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur (uingei-yin tulada 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; ker

sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v; saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki bui 4r; arim sar-

a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur

tasuramui 4r; qoyar sara-dur 6r; taban sara-dur kgerge talbibasu 12r; arban qoyar sara-dur
nigen il 33r; na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r; saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san 8r; sara(n)-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi 18r, 19r; saran-

lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r; sara-lu(-a edr

qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar

gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39r; nara sara-lu(-a saa(u yabumui

55r; sar-a-yi 4r, 10r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun

ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v; qaburun terign Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(au 2v; Baras Morin

Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki 2v; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign

bol(au 3r; ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

4r, 4r; saban sar-a-yi l meden 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui

1213
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

medek kereg 4v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au 6v; saban

sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a kemebes 6v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui 51r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola 52v; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru( 52v; qaburun terign sarayin

arbun tabun-a 2r; qaburun terign sarayin . . . 2r; arban qoyar sarayin 60r; arban qoyar sarayin

to(-a 2v; arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn ene bui 7v; arban qoyar sarayin isn in-e

41v [see kgeler sara] arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; arban

qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr 47r; arban qoyar sarayin

Modun gokimoi 48r; Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; sar-a-u urida nggeriged 3v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg buyu 4v; ebln dumdadu

sarayin 5v; merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v; saban sarayin qoyin-a 6v; aliba

sarayin 37v, 56v, 58v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur gei bges tere saban sara 6v;

aliba sarayin l sedk edr 47v; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn

49v; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek

krdn bui 49v; nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun 7r; qubi sarayin nigen

inide 7r; qubi sarayin 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r,

47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; sarayin in-e 37r, 37v, 37v; drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r; drben

dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a i(ulumui 38r; drben es sarayin (urban tabun-a

i(ulumui 38r; qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a 38v; qoyar sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; (urban

sarayin qorin qoyar-a 38v; (urban sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

1214
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; drben sarayin naiman inede 38v;

drben sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a 38v; tabun sarayin

39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; ir(u(an sarayin naiman inede 38v; ir(u(an sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; dolo(an sarayin

qorin tabun-a 38v; dolo(an sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r,

47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e 38v;

naiman sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e 38v; isn sarayin 39r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e 38v; arban sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e 38v; arban nigen sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; kgeler sarayin qorin dolon-a 39r; kgeler sarayin 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; baras morin noqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v,

53v; taulai qonin (aqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v; luu bein qulu(an-a sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v;

qulu(an-a luu bein sarayin 53v; takiy-a ker mo(ai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v; ker mo(ai takiy-

a sarayin 53v; sarayin qo(osun 40r; drben terign sarayin 48v; drben terign sarayin

terign-i qara 41r; drben terign sarayin mo(ai edr 48r; drben terign sarayin mr (arqu

1215
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

krdn ene bui 49r; drben dumdadu sarayin 48v; drben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r;

drben dumdadu sarayin takiy-a edr 48r; drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui

49r; drben es sarayin 48v; drben es sarayin segl-i qara bui 41r; drben es sarayin

ker edr 48r; drben es sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r; iroi odun ekilegsen

sarayin 43r; Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; 'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; Modun odun

ekilegsen sarayin 43r; nigen sarayin 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v; nigen sarayin mo(ai 48v [see qubi

sara]; 1 sarayin 50r; 2 sarayin 50r; 3 sarayin 50r; 4 sarayin 50r; 5 sarayin 50r; 6 sarayin 50r;

7 sarayin 50r; 8 sarayin 50r; 9 sarayin 50r; 10 sarayin 50r; 11 sarayin 50r; 12 sarayin 50r; qara

sarayin asal 50v; tere sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui 50v; (abiy-a-tu sarayin inede 52r;

yeke sarayin inein (urban 53r; ken sarayin inein qoyar 53r; baras bein sarayin 53v;

taulai takiy-a sarayin 53v; luu noqai sarayin 53v; mo(ai (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin

sarayin 53v; ker qonin sarayin 53v; baras sarayin 53v; taulai sarayin 53v; luu sarayin 53v;

mo(ai sarayin 53v; morin sarayin 53v; qonin sarayin 53v; bein sarayin 53v; takiy-a sarayin

53v; noqai sarayin 53v; (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a sarayin 53v; ker sarayin 53v; namurun

dumdadu sarayin 56v; qaburun es sarayin 56v.

Sara(n) odun moon star, Sunday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v.

1216
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

saras [pl. of sara]; months: qara saras-dur sm-e keyid bosqabasu 41r; saras-un yeke

ken 7r; qara sara-un 41r.

Suvadi/Suvadi [S. Svti]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Suvadi 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 53r, 59r, 59v/Suvadi 12v, 21r; Suvadi na(idar

kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar bui 28v; nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i

Suvadi buyu 33v; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Suvadi ma(u 37v;

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu. [. . .] iroi odun Suvadi qoyar 45r; Aivani

BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar

bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden (al bui 61r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] odun sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Suvadai

[. . .] sayin 55v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai ua( Anurad Udarisad Abaji irvan Tanis

Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [.

. .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu.

[. . .] Suvadai [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu

kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san

naiman na(idar bui. [. . .] emne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan

Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

sing ?: sing kemek edr mr (arbasu dumda 49v.

sng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565); an asterism comprising one star; it represents the

state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as 0

1217
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Serpens (Schlegel 1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (Staal 1984: 135); (cf. also TU,

899): sng kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

aji [Ch. hsia zhi]; the summer solstice (see Mathews, 2521.18 (p. 372)); nara umar-a g

odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r; edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6v.

ingge- to set, i.e., the sun: nara ingge 6v; nara inggeki (a() 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r,

42r.

iroi odun Saturn; Saturday: iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au nigen inede iroi odun-iyar

ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki

terigten Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk

(aar-un ein- gara( bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r; iroi odun kcn

tegs-n a( 24r.

irvan/irvang/iravan [S. ravana]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: irvan 9v, 10v,

[11v], 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 45v, 48v, 55v, 56r/irvang 8v, 12v,

21r, 44v, 59r, 59v/iravan 56v; irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v;

Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v; drben belbesn odun kemebes

Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r; Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin

1218
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

inar buyu 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-

tan buyu 61v.

ua(/Sua( [S. Vikh]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: ua( 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 52r, 61r/Sua( 8v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-

un krdn-dr qaburun es ua( sara 11r; Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du

na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk 3v; o(tar(ui-dur ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; ua(

na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin

edr kemebes [. . .] ua( ma(u 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal

uiral bolai. [. . .] Usun odun ua( qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki

uaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Saran odun ua( qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad

Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; Asli( ua( irvan Barani

eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin

55v; debel emsk sayin edr kemebes [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba

oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta

ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; ua( Auvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg ua( qoyar ing bged gelen obo(-tan buyu

61v.

tabun gara( the five planets, i.e., Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The reference

in the text might be to sections of the Klacakra sources which treat the five planets. An

example of this would be Klacakratantra I,40-I,49(1), which describes "the movement of

the five planets", cf. Schuh, 25; tabun gara( 2r.

1219
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa [S. Dhanisth]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Tanista 8v, 8v,

9v, 10v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v/Tanis 11v, 16v, 18v, 19v, 53r;

Tanista na(idar 31r; kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v;

qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Tanista qoyar 45r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui. [. . .]iroi odun Tanista qoyar 45r;

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; mr

(arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [.

. .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; [. . .] Tanis [. . .] ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .]Tanista [. . .] sayin 56r; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista

i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Anurad Tanisa

qoyar [. . .] 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

tegs full; perfect; accomplished; ascendent (of the horoscope): tegs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

1220
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

24v; ilau tegs ngigsen burqan 1v; kn tegs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v; kn tegs

uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r; tegs leyit 25v, 26v; tegs ir(alang-tu 25v, 27v, 29r;

kn tegs-n a( 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 24r.

teng iu un [Ch. deng/teng equal (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893)); Ch. qiu/chiu autumn

(Mathews, 1227 (p. 176)); Ch. zhong/chung middle (Mathews, 1504 (p. 213))]; the middle

month of autumn, i.e., the autumnal equinox; Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un bolbasu

6r.

Tiler-n ger the house of the scorpion; Scorpio; the more common form is kilinet

"scorpion" and Kilinet-yin ger Scorpio, (see, for instance, Khilentsiin ger in the almanacs

published by Dechinchoinkhor monastery and Terbish): naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u tula.

yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r.

tngri [S. deva/sura; Tib. lha]; 1. heaven; 2. god/gods: Manjuari tngri 1v; tngri (aar-un

qorin drben a(ur a( 6r; tngri (aar-yi taki(basu) 32v, 35r; tngri (aar-un on sara edr a(

me 55r; yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; obalang(-un) tngri

yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr

56v; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr(-n belge) 20r, 47r; (uin qoyar okin tngri

32v; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v; tngri im[n]us ken bolumui 32r; tngri ilmus

(adqulduqui edr 43r; tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar 26r; tngri

ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r; Mahauvari tngri 38r; tngri mang(us naiman

aima(-ud terigten 38v; tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an

1221
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

buyu 38v; ed-n tngri takiqui 45v; burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r; burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu

38r; burqan tngri buu taki ma(u bui 48r; burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( 16r;

tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r; qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayiiyamu 60v; tngri-nern

nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu 5v; tngri-nern gara( 21v; tngri-ner-n na(idar 27v, 30v;

tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; egdgsen isn tngri-i uribasu 28v; bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen

idamui 32v; tngri-yi takibasu 36v; tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; tngri-

yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r; tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v; tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu 25v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san

na(idar 28v; tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun 32v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v;

tngri-yin egde 33r, 33r; tngri-yin i(ta(-a 33v, 34r; tngri-yin vim-a 39v; tngri-yin mr

kemek edr 49r; tngri-yin egde(n) 49r, 49v; tngri-yin egden odun 59r; tngri-yin qoriyan

49r; tngri-yin erdeni 49r; tngri-yin qula(ai 49r; tngri-yin ordo 49r; tngri-yin ayul 49r; tngri-yin

sang 49r, 49v; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v; tngri-yin

segder 49v; tngri-yin qo(olai 49v; tngri-yin ijim odun 59r.

tngri-yin ayul heavenly danger: tngri-yin ayul-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin i(ta(-a the celestial rope; this asterism is ista (S. Jyesth), comprising three

stars that form an almost straight line (Burgess 1859: 337): 33v, 34r.

tngri-yin egde(n)/egde [Tib. gnam-sgo; Ch. tianmen/tien-men]; the heavenly gate,

i.e., the vernal equinox; a constellation comprising two stars in Virgo; it marks the arrival of

the vernal equinox (Schlegel 1967: 488); according to the Vaidrya dKar-po, it is through the

heavenly gate that people are exposed to avalanches, lightning bolts, stroke and epilepsy;

1222
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

these calamities are remedied by ritual thread crosses; the term also refers to the smoke-hole

of a Mongolian tent (TEDP, 86, note 92; ODT, 369-397; Dor, v. 6, 1966: 36; Ho, 1966: 91;

Camman 1963: 20; Srkzi 1989: 320): 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin egden-dr mr (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin egden odun 59r.

tngri-yin erdeni [Ch. tian bao/tien pao]; the heavenly jewel (Dor, v. 6, p. 11): tngri-yin

erdeni-dr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin mr [tianjie/tian-chieh]; the heavenly way; perhaps the first star of the Northern

Dipper (Allred, 2002: 65); perhaps an asterism comprising two stars between the Pleiades and

Hyades; this asterism is said to guard barriers, passes and the frontier of the empire (Schlegel

1967: 372-373): tngri-yin mr kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

tngri-yin noqai [Ch. tiangou/tien-gou; Tib. gnam-khyi]; the dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin qara noqai (the black dog of heaven [55r, 55v]);

in the manual, a section given to the descent of the black dog of heaven describes seven

parts of the dogs body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this

refers to the Chinese constellation tiangou/tien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and

h of Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-

153); the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout

Eurasia; it likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under

gebri [Allen, 1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-

296; Dor, v. 1, 1966: 27, 60): Tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v.

tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace: tngri-yin ordo-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

1223
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tngri-yin qara noqai [Tib. gnam khyi nag po]; the black dog of heaven; a demonic star

spirit; it is used synonymously with tngri-yin noqai (the dog of heaven [55r, 55v]); in the

manual, a section given to the descent of the black dog of heaven describes seven parts of

the dogs body, the left and right ribs, head, mouth, spine, tail and belly (55r); this refers to

the Chinese constellation tiangou/tien-kou, comprising seven stars, including ( and h of

Canis Major (Schlegel 1967: 433-434; cf. also Tngri-yin udq-a, 1990: 916; Staal, 152-153);

the constellation is thus related to the greater lore of the celestial dog throughout Eurasia; it

likely takes its name from its proximity to Sirius, the dog or jackal (see under gebri [Allen,

1963: 120-134]); its demonology is extensive (cf. TEDP, 212; ODT, 295-296; Dor, v. 1,

1966: 27, 60): Tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r.

tngri-yin qoriyan [Ch. Tianjiu/tien-chiu (Mathews 6361, 1201)]; the heavenly corral; an

asterism composed of ten stars in the form of a circle to the north of the 14th Chinese asterism

bi/pi, Mongolian Udaribadaribad; the culmination of this asterism at the end of winter

indicated the time of the year when horses foal and various related rituals (Schlegel 1967:

309-315; Staal 1984: 98-99; TU, 1991: 910): tngri-yin qoriyan-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin qula(ai the heavenly thief: tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

tngri-yin sang heavenly treasure; a constellation comprising six stars under Auvani [= 16th

Chinese lunar mansion, lou] (Tngri-yin udq-a, 1991: 912): tngri-yin sang-dur mr (arbasu

sayin 49r.

til-n edr solstice: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin

iles-i igerle 59r.

1224
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad [S. Uttarabhdrapad]; one of the twenty-eight

nakshatra: Udaribadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v,

52r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarbadaribad na(idar 31v; inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i

Udaribadaribad buyu 33v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribadaribad

[. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar

usun-u inar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden

usun bui 61r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar Luu edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; mr

(arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr

kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu

[. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .]

Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaripad [.

. .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 56r; Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui. kgsed-n nom-du [...] 60v; qorin naiman

na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. umara Udaribadaribad

kiged Aavani qoyar 60v; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni [S. Uttaraphalgun]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra:

Udaribalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v;

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; o(tar(ui-tur

1225
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r; Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n

na(idar 27v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37r;

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [.

. .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin
37r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37v; na(idar-un sayin inu [. . .]Udaribalguni [. . .] odun edr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] Altan odun Burvabalguni Udaribalguni qoyar 44v;

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin

inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [.

. .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 48v; basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn

sayin anu. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 56v; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u

odun bui. dayisun-a ol(obasu sayin 60v; drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni

qoyar 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun ingbatu obo(-

tan buyu 61r; Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v.

Udarisad/Udarasad [S. Uttarsdh]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Udarisad 8v, 9v,

10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarisad na(idar 30r;

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan

isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger

bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan

1226
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; Rkini ista

Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Anurad

istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker edr

uirabasu ma(u 46v; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad

[. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 55v; [. . .]

Udarisad [. . .] in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin

bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i

il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. rn-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar

60v; Udarisad-dur kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r.

ula(an aa(ai [Ch. Zhuque/ Chu-cheh red bird (Mathews 1346.17)]; red magpie;

refers to the Red Bird of summer, which together with the Blue Dragon (kke luu), the White

Tiger (a(a(an bars) and the Black Tortoise (qara yasutu menekei) make up the four Chinese

sky animals (cf. Stall's Stars of Jade, passim.; Needham 1959: 242; and Sun and Kistemaker

1997: 113-119); ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; ula(an

aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r; ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

urba- to turn back (also of the sun): nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edr sni

sau(uu 5v; nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis

1227
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v; ong(oa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu

47v; nara urbaqui odun 2v.

urbau l tbidk obo( the vacillating restless clan: Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis

Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

ur(u- to rise (of the sun): nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a

kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; qara ingpng giki anu. Qubi

sarayin Baras Bein edr nara ur(u(san qoyin-a gimi 42r; arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un

oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; (aar-tur qamu( nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r; bu(u-yin eber

ur(umui 12r; alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r; il ur(uquy-yin terign-dr inelek

inu 3r; nara ur(uqui a( 42r, 42v; erig mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v; Qubi

sarayin arban drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui

38r.

Usun odun the water star; Mercury; Wednesday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r.

ker-n ger the house of the ox; Taurus; the 4th sign of the zodiac: nara ker-n ger-dr

oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r.

1228
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ker-n sn the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to the

Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice (Schlegel 1967:

492): ker-n sn mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

yabuqui odun the wandering stars, i.e., the sun, moon and planets: gara( ba yabuqui odun

bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v.

vimading ?: vimading kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

yirtin the world; the earth: yirtin-tekin- obalang 2v; yirtin-teki ng bilig 1v;

yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; yirtin-teki arsalan quraimui 14r; yirtin-teki<n>

okid jgrkeki a( 15r; yirtin-teki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r;

yirtin-teki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r; yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt

bolumui 18r; yirtin-deki aliba sayin iles iledbes 44v; yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un

kgemei bolumui 13r; yirti[n]-yi ebdegi 39v; yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil

trmi 12r; yirtin-yin iles 38r.

ORIENTATION

bara(un west; right: bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r.

Baras (aar Baras place: itgen- eke Baras (aar-a 11r.

Bein (aar-a Monkey place (19r).

buru(u to(ola to count the wrong way, i.e., counterclockwise: ba(urai-aa buru(u to(ola

51v; nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; okin-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v;

sara ba(-a bges buru(u to(ola 52v; segl-ee buru(u 52v; egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r.

1229
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

deged high: deged doorad glegi em-e kmn 22r

deged upper, superior: deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id 1v; deged

amu(ulang 38r; deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v; deged Abidarm-a-yin

ta(alal 3r; deged merged-n ta(alal 4r; deged trl 22r, 29r, 30r; deged Uma neret

(adasun 32v; deged idi olqu 38r; deged qa(an 39v; deged beri 52r

degegi upward: degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v

deger-e on: deger-e 38v, 47v, 58r; dalai deger-e19r

door-a under: Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r; isn doboa(

iroi door-a daru(ad 23v; modun-u door-a ni(uu 23v, 24v; a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i

odun ali bui 32v; door-a to(ori(i arban qoyar sara-dur nigen il 32v; arban tabun odun

bgde door-a to(orimui 33r.

doorad low: deged doorad glegi em-e kmn 22r.

dooridu low: dooridu ma(u kmn 5r.

doro(i downward: doro(i qandu(san (adusun 39r; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn

belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san

erdini bui 20r; doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 45r; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i

qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r;

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; doro(i

qandu(san jindamuni 45r.

doron-a/drn-e/dorona east: doron-a 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v,

9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

1230
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 13v,13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18r, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 54r,

54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v/drn-e 13v, 40r/dorona 60v; doron-a rn-e 18v; rn-e

doron-a 33v; doron-a g 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 27r, 27r, 28v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; doron-a-

aa rn-e g gimi 42r; rn-e doron-a-yin i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

doron-a emn-e southeast: 8r, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 13v, 15r, 16r, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19r, 30v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55;

doron-a emn-e g 25r.

doron-a umara northeast: 10r, 13v, 14r, 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v/drn-e

umara 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v; umara doron-a 8v, 8v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 24v, 40r, 40r, 40v, 54r/umara drn-e 40r.

drben obkis the four ordinal directions, i.e., southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast

(54r, 54r; drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v).

doto(adu inner: (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v; doto(adu ordo mr (arbasu

sayin 49r.

dotora inside; within: usun-u dotor-a i(asun gimui 8r; qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu

na(idar 28r; ger dotor-a 36r, 57v; burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v;

do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu 43r; tere dotoraa 2r.

1231
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dumda middle: dumda 53r, 56v, 61v; tere gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda 24v;

nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r; dumda bki-yi to(orin

yabu(i odun 32v; Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a Taulai edr dumda amui 42r; (urban sayin

(urban dumda. (urban es 46r; Usun Modun Altan ede edd sayin. Saran odun dumda 'al

iroi odun irig-ee busud-dur ma(u 48v; sing kemek edr mr (arbasu dumda 49v; gem-

gei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v; dumda sayin 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 52v, 52v, 54r; meks dumda 52v;

ede dumda beri bui. okin trmi 52r.

dumdadu middle: qaburun dumdadu sara 4r; a(-un krdn-dr qaburun dumdadu

Jayitari sara 3r, 10r; tariyain-dur qaburun dumdadu sara 8r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur

qaburun dumdadu sara 9r; Qulu(an-a Morin il-e qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; un-u

dumdadu sar-a 4r; tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u

dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r; Taulai

Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 56v; tariyain-dur

namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-

n a(-un krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu

gegreglegi 41r; ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r;

Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r; iroi odun kemebes

dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( 24r; drben dumdadu sara 38r, 48r, 48v; drben

dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r; drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r.

1232
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dumda(ur by way of the middle: yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v;

Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen qorin naiman odun 32v.

emn-e south: emn-e/emn-e 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r, 26v, 29r, 31r, 31r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42r, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 55r,

55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 60v; emn-e g uduridbasu 23v; nara emnei

odqui (ba) 3r, 3v, 5v, 6r kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r.

ende here: ende 2r, 2v.

(ada(adu external: (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v; edr-n (ada(adu

na(idar 3v; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v; sni-dr (ada(adu 6v, 6v; edr-dr

(ada(adu 6v, 6v, 6v; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r.

(ada(i outward: aliba ta(alaqui g (ada(i odbasu 4v; ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v;

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 29r, 31r; isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r; mal adu(usun idegen

(ada(i (ar(abasu 43r; engkri kbegn-i (ada(i (ar(abasu 44r; (ada(i mr (arbasu 46v

(adan-a outside: (adan-a-aa bara(an oro(ulbasu 36v.

'aqai (aar Pig place: 'aqai (aar-a 14r.

egn left: egn kl 24r; egn qabar(-a 55r; egnde 58v, 58v/eg[n]de 58v.

1233
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

obkis the four intermediate directions, i.e., southwest, northwest, northeast, southeast:

drben obkis 54r, 54r; drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v.

b to(ala count in the right way, i.e., clockwise (51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 52v); contrast

buru(u to(ala.

g direction: g 42v, 58v; umar-a g 3r, 5v, 6r, 23v, 37v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; rn-e

g 22r, 23r, 24v, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; doron-a g 23r, 24v, 27r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v;

emn-e g 23v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v, 58v; rn-e emn-e g 26r; rn-e umar-a g 54r;

aliba ta(alaqui g (ada(i odbasu 4v; oyir-a g eri oldayu 24r; qubi sarayin dolo(an inide

Baras iln qari bein g qadqu 50v; ali edr bges tere sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui

50v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui g 52r; dayiwang tayiqu Qangpan qongpan itgen- eke abu kiged-

n g buu yabu 53r; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g 53v; beri mr (arqu g 54r;

Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; g-ee 29v, 40r, 40r, 42r; emn-e g-ee 5v;

rn-e g-ee ire rn-e qandu(san gerte abu odba 22v; doron-a emn-e g-ee ir(u(an

kmn ire qula(uu amui 25r; ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em g-ee

ba(u(daqui 52r; qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 3v; ede g-d

sa(umu 55v; baling do(in qami(-a sa(uqu tere g-dr yasun (ar(abasu mr btgek-yin

urida kimor bolqu 41r; g-n 26r, 26v, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30v, 31r, 31r; doron-a g-n

kmn 25v; doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; emn-e g-n

(al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a

tegsbe 31r; umara g-n usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r; arban qoyar edr-n mr

(arqu g-nsayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene bui 50r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n

1234
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sayin-i ek krdn 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn

50v.

Luu (aar Dragon place: itgen- eke Luu (aar 18r.

Mo(ai (aar Snake place (10r).

Morin (aar Horse place: 12r.

Noqai (aar Dog place: 13r.

oyir-a near: keger-e oyir-a bui 24r; oyir-a g eri oldayu 24r; ed mal ibqarabasu oyir-a bui

28r; qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r.

gede upward: gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede

qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; gede qandu(san (adusun 39r; qariqu edrn belge inu gede

qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; gede qandu(san ara sar-a erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu

gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r.

rn-e west: 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14r, 14r, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r,

16r, 16v. 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v,

58v, 60v; rn-e g 22v, 23r, 24v, 31r, 42r, 53v; rn-e g uduridbasu 22r; rn-e g

odbasu 49v, 50v; rn-e qandu(san ger 22v; rn-e doron-a 33v, 34r; rn-e odbasu 50r, 50r;

rn-e-ee doron-a g 40r, 42r.

1235
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

rn-e emn-e southwest: 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 15r, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 18r, 19r,

19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v; emn-e rn-e

11v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v; rn-e emn-e g 26r.

rn-e umar-a northwest: 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 16v, 17r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 55r,

55v, 55v, 59r; rn-e umara qandu(san (ool 24r.

qandu- to face, direct oneself toward: gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; lei qutu(

oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san (adusun 39r;

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; gede

qandu(san (adusun 39r; qariqu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; kk

edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r; doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 45r;

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge

inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-

a bui 20r; tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v;

degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v; doro(i qandu(san jindamuni 45r; rn-e qandu(san gerte

abu odba 22v; ger-n egde umara g qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 23v; rn-e

umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu amu 24r; doron-a g qandu(san

qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g 53v; qulu(an-a

ker (aqai ilt okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; baras taulai luu okin-i

ni(ur doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; bein takiy-a noqai ilt okin-i ni(ur rn-e

g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; mo(ai morin qonin ilt

1236
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

okin-i ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v.

qola far: qola i(ulilabasu 25r; qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r; qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu

36r; qola (aar-a odqui 47v; qola (aar-a mr (arbasu 47v; ni qola (aar-a ni qutu(-aa

beig irek 57r; qola (aara oid irek 57r; qola (aar oriqu 58r; qola busu (aar-a odqu

61v; qola (arbasu 47v; mo(ai edr qola mr l (arqu 57v; qola-aa qudalduin irek 57r;

qola-yin oid irek 57v.

Qonin (aar Sheep place: qonin (aar-a 15r

Qulu(an-a (aar Mouse place (17r).

Takiy-a (aar Cock place (8r).

Taulai (aar Hare place: itgen- eke Taulai (aar-a 16r.

tende there: tende 3r, 4v; tende-ee nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr

6r.

umar-a north: umar-a 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 13r, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 58v/umara 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r,

40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 60v;

umar-a g/umara g 23v, 26r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 32r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v; nara

emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono(

tasuramui 3r; nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr

1237
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; naran umara g

odqui ir(u(an sara 37v; nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu 5v; nara emnei odqui ba.

umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v; ada(usun ibqarabasu nkgesn debelt

kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn umara emn-e abu odba 22r; umara-aa emn-e

g gimi 42r.

ker (aar Ox place: itgen- eke ker (aar-a 9r.

TIME RECKONING

adqu 1. handful, a unit of measure; isn adqu iroi 22r; 2. a unit of time (8.64 seconds);

nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi

bui 6r.

a(ur [Ch. qi] n. steam, vapor; breath; pneuma; atmosphere; a weather term; the 24 joints and

breaths (Palmer 1986: 64-66; Ho 1966: 53-54); il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r; edr sni-

yin a(ur 5v; qabur namarun a(ur basa tegnilen bolumui 6r; tngri (aar-un qorin drben

a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r; sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-gei bges tere saban sara

bolumui 6v; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r;

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad 13r; (aar-tur qala(un-u

a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r; drben a(-un a(ur oroqu 59v.

amisqaqui [S. prna]; the act of breathing, respiration; a measure of time; four seconds is

the length of time between the breaths of an ignorant commoner (bertegin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin a(uraki); In Indian sources, one respiration is the time occupied in pronouncing

1238
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ten long syllables (Burgess 1859: 149); for the gods (tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui) the interval

is 360 times longer or 24 minutes; in Indian astrology the time of the gods is 360 times

longer than that of man; thus one sidereal year is a day and a night to the gods; Burgess 1859:

152; Stone 1981: 52-53; bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un

iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r; ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen me 5v; tere kemebes

tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu bol- 5v; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v.

arban dolo(an seventeen; the seventeenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 44v, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56r;

arban dolo(an-a 39r, 39r, 44v, 44v, 56r.

arban drben fourteen; the fourteenth day: 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 38r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

56r, 56v.

arban (urban thirteen; the thirteenth day: 2r, 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v, 56v.

arban ir(u(an sixteen; the sixteenth day: 3r, 5v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r,

44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v.

arban isn nineteen; the nineteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

1239
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

arban naiman eighteen; the eighteenth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r.

arban nigen the eleventh day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v.

Arban nigen sara the Eleventh month: 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

arban qoyar the twelfth day: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v,

37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 53r, 56r, 56v.

arban qoyar a( the twelve hours: 6r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek

krdn 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v.

arban qoyar edr the twelve days: arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi

ek krdn ene bui 50r; arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v.

arban qoyar ein the twelve lords (35v); a Chinese cycle of twelve days; it belongs to an

ancient astrological system, known as jianchu (after the first two terms in the cycle) that dates

to at least the Western Han (Allred, 2002: 65, n. 136; Ho 2003: 30); the manual gives a

transcription of the Chinese terms: jan, uu, man, bing, ding, gi [=ji], p, i, eng, iu, ke, bi;

their Mongolian translation: ejilegi, aril(a(i, dgrgi, tbsidkegi, to(ta(i, saki(i,

ebdegi, tigi [=tgigi], btgi, quriya(i, negegi, qa(a(i, and then the combination

of the two: an eilegi edr, etc.; cf. Mostaert MMAD, 21, n. 61; pentaglot dictionary, 17428-

1240
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

17440, pp. 997-998. For these twelve lords in Uigur sources, cf. Rachmati, #11, p. 308 and

Bazin, 1991: 287-288.

arban qoyar il the twelve years: arban qoyar il 34r; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il

qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v.

arban qoyar sara [Tib. zla-ba bcu-gnyis]; 1. the twelve months of the year: 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r,

6v, 7v, 32v; arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; arban qoyar

sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek 47r; arban qoyar

sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r.

Arban qoyar sara the Twelfth month (used occasionally instead of Kgeler sara): Arban

qoyar sarayin isn in-e 41v; Arban qoyar sarayin 'aqai edr bolai 60r; Arban qoyar ker

Baras Taulai Mori Qoni Bein takiy-a Noqai edr-e sayin.

Arban sara the Tenth month:17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v.

arban in-e the 10th day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; ine(-yin) arban 38r, 38r, 53r,

56v, 56v, 58v.

arban tabun fifteen; the fifteenth day: 2r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 53r,

53r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; sni arban tabun

tediken qubi 5v; arban tabun odun 33r.

1241
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

aril(a(i [Ch. qu/chu, to remove, eradicate (Mathews 1391)]; the one that purifies; 2nd

of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui

35v; uu aril(a(i edr 35v.

ba(-a sara a small month, i.e. a month with 29 days; see also its complement, yeke sar-a

and the synonym, ken sar-a; ba(-a sara 51v; sara ba(-a bges 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r.

Baras edr Tiger day (2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v).

Baras sar-a/sara Tiger month (2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v.

Baras a( Tiger hour (50r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v).

Baras edr Tiger day (2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v).

Baras sar-a/sara Tiger month (2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; bing baras sara 7v, 7v; uu baras sara 7v,

7v; keng baras sara 7v, 7v; im baras sara 7v, 7v; ja baras sara 7v, 7v).

Baras il Tiger year (41r, 50v, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v).

1242
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Bein a( Monkey hour: bein a( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; im

bein a( 7v; a bein a( 7v; bing bein a( 7v; uu bein a( 7v; king bein a( 7v.

Bein edr Monkey day: Bein (edr) 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 58r, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; bein sereki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Bein sara Monkey month: Bein sara 14r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; im bein sara

7v; a bein sara 7v; bing bein sara 7v; uu bein sara 7v; king bein sara 7v; Tbed-dr Bein

sar-a 14r.

Bein il Monkey year: Bein il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; bein ilten 24r, 54v; bein ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v.

bi [Ch. bi/pi to close (Mathews 5092); Mongolian qa(a(i]; 12th of the twelve lords of

the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui

35v; bi qa(a(i edr 37r; bi p edr 48v.

biteg 1. closed, final, i.e., the final day of the month, year, etc.; qorin isn biteg

bolumui 3r; 2. a measure; two hands, i.e., the amount of something that can be held with the

two hands placed together (DO, 71a under bit); nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai

bol(a(i 33r, 33v.

bri twilight, dusk: bri-d x 40r.

1243
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

btgi [Ch. cheng/cheng to succeed (Mathews 379)]; the one that succeeds; 9th of the

twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; eng

btgi edr 36v; btgi odun 59r.

a( hour; time: a( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 51r, 51r; sni-yin a( 2v; edr ir(u(an a( sni

ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v; ding taulai a( 7v; uu luu a( 7v; gi mo(ai a( 7v; king morin a(

7v; in qonin a( 7v; im bein a( 7v; ki takiy-a a( 7v; a noqai a( 7v; ii (aqai a( 7v;

bing qulu(an-a a( 7v; ding ker a( 7v; uu baras a( 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; king luu a( 7v;

in mo(ai a( 7v; im morin a( 7v; ki qonin a( 7v; a bein a( 7v; ii takiy-a a( 7v;

bing noqai a( 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; uu qulu(an-a a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v; king baras a(

7v; in taulai a( 7v; im luu a( 7v; ki mo(ai a( 7v; a morin a( 7v; ii qonin a( 7v;

bing bein a( 7v; ding takiy-a a( 7v; uu noqai a( 7v; gii (aqai a( 7v; king qulu(an-a a(

7v; in ker a( 7v; im baras a( 7v; ki taulai a( 7v; a luu a( 7v; ii mo(ai a( 7v; bing

morin a( 7v; ding qonin a( 7v; uu bein a( 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; king noqai a( 7v; in

(aqai a( 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; ki ker a( 7v; a baras a( 7v; ii taulai a( 7v; bing

luu a( 7v; ding mo(ai a( 7v; uu morin a( 7v; gi qonin a( 7v; keng bein a( 7v; in

takiy-a a( 7v; im noqai a( 7v; ki (aqai a( 7v; a qulu(an-a a( 7v; ii ker a( 7v; bing

baras a( 7v; salkin-u a( 8r; abig talbi(san sayin a( 10r; tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i

olu(san sayin a( 11r; tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r; un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r; nen

nom-un krdn-i ori(ulu(san buyan-du sayin a( 13r; sken qur-a-yin a(; okid

jgrkeki a( 15r; ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r; burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin

1244
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

a( 16r; edr sni qubi sau(uu bo[l]qu oroqui a( 16r; qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr

oroqui a( 17r; amitan-i alau keline iledki a( 17r; yeke kiten- a( 17r; ebln naran

ba(uqu a( 18r; a( me-yi bari(i 32v; dolo(an a(un qorin a( 33r; niiged gara(-lu(-a

niiged a( bari(i 33r; qulu(an-a a( 50r, 51r, 51r; ker a( 51r, 51r, 51r; baras a( 51r,

51r, 51r; taulai a( 51r, 51r, 51r; luu a( 51r, 51r, 51r; mo(ai a( 51r, 53v; morin a( 51r;

qonin a( 51r; bein a( 51r, 51r, 51r; takiy-a a( 51r, 51r, 53v; noqai a( 51r 51r; (aqai a(

53v; ber a( 51r; beri (al-du mrgglk a( 53v; gara( odun il saran edr a( 54v; on

sara edr a( me 55r; umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( 3v; (urban a(-i uqa(-a inaru

1v; a(-<y>i iledte medeki 5v; a(-<y>i medegdeki 6r; qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau

amui 6r; drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl 38v; qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; kcn

tegs-n a(-tu 24r; er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu 52r; (aqai a(-tu 53v, 54r; takiy-a a(-du 53v

noqai a(tu 54r; taulai a(tu 54r; bein a(tu 54r; b-n a(tur 4r; tere a(-dur 6r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v; arban qoyar a(tur qubiyau amui 6r; nigen

a(tur naiman me 6r; kn tegs-n a(-tur 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r; nara(n) ur(uqui a(-

tur 21v, 38r, 42r, 42v; nara inggeki a(-tur 38v, 38v, 38v, 42r; nara manduqui a(tur 42v;

idei ereki a(tur 42v; ede a(tur sn-i samla 51r; ede a(tur mordo(ul-su(ai 51r; d[e]i-

yin a(-dur 56v; ede a(-ud-dur (arbasu mr ma(u 50v; (urban a(-un uqa(-a 1v; a(-un

krdn 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r; a(-un krdin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r; a(-un il(al 5r; qulu(an-a a(-un uridu 6v; a(-un sayin ma(u 8r, 50v; a(-un

takil 38v; a(-un qara 41r, 42r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn

50r; drben a(-un a(ur 59v.

1245
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

a(-un il(al the classification of time (5r).

eng/ing [Ch. cheng to succeed; (Mathews 379); Mong. btgi]; 9th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui

35v; eng btgi edr 36v; ing gii edr 48v.

uu [Ch. jian/chien, to remove; purify, (Mathews 853); Mong. aril(a(i]; 2nd of the

twelve lords of the day): Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; uu aril(a(i edr 35v.

n/un [Ch. chun spring] (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)); n un bolbasu 6r; qoyitu on li

un 7r.

n un [Ch. chun spring (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)) and Ch. zhong middle (Mathews,

1504 (p. 213))]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; n un bolbasu 6r.

da(un 1. sound; call, i.e., of an animal; news; 2. unit of time = 1.6 seconds: eng terign

gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar il buyu 5r; eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu. tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin tula 5r; nigen da(un (arumui 5r; tegber iran da(un nigen

me 5r; meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r; ge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v; ge da(un

uaram 52v.

darui immediately: darui oldayu 28v; qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i

beled 32v; dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r; darui-dur eribes oldayu 30v; dalal(-a dalalbasu

darui-dur qoor qomsa boluyu 34r; qur-a orobasu darui-tur oroqu 61v.

1246
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

deb phase; stage: qoyar deb-dr edr sni sau(uu bolu(san 6r; tere a(-tur qoyar deb-dr

edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r.

ding 1. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews 6381)]; the 4th Heavenly stem; 2. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews

6393); Mong. to(ta(i]; to make stable; 5th of the twelve lords of the day (see Mostaert

MMAD, 21, #61): ding 52r; ding im yile 7v; ding im edr 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; ding

taulai a( 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai a( 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; ding qonin a( 7v;

ding takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a a( 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; ding ker

sara 7v; ding ker a( 7v; bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing.

ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v; ding to(ta(i edr 36r.

dolo(an odun the seven stars, i.e., Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn; the

seven days of the week: qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu

uaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui 21r; dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an

to(ola[(]daqui 24v; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn

50v; dolo(an odun 59v.

dolo(an qubi-tu modun the pole with seven portions, i.e., the gnomon. the gnomon

referred to in the manual measures the common unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone 1981:

181-183; For a further description of the gnomon see Needham (1959): 284; nara emnei

odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a

bayi(ulju ebes 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara

umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei

bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r.

1247
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Dolo(an (sar-a) the seventh month (14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an

sar-a 14r).

dolo(an in-e the seventh day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v; a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r; inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r).

drben a( the four times, i.e., the four kalpas, kalpa of formation, continuance, decline

and disintegration; cf. Dictionary of Buddhist Terms,118; these, as the twelve sitn

barildaqui, are derived from the horoscope; arban ir(u(an-a sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar

kriyelegl i(ulumui, 38v; drben a(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edr bolai 59v.

drben dumda/dumdadu sara the four middle months of the year: 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v,

49r.

drben es sara the final four months of the year (38r, 41v, 48r, 48v, 49r).

drben ekin sara the first four months; cf. also drben terign sara (38r).

Drben sar-a the fourth month (11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Mong(ol-dur. Drben sar-a

11r).

drben in-e the fourth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v; inein drben 44v).

drben terign sara the first four months; cf. also drben ekin sara: 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r.

1248
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dusul [Tib. thig le; Skt. bindu]; drop; essential drops of energy; cf. Lessing, 1167; Cornu

1997: 29-30; 1. a unit of time = 24 minutes; dusul-iyar to(alaqui 5r; bertegin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5v;

nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v; 2. a unit of matter; yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i inglegr-

iyer inglemi 16r; 3. a symbol, attribute; ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul

bui 20v; belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r; baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an

dusul bui 20v; belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r; ken qara edrn belge nigen qara

dusul bui 20v; belge ene qara dusul 41v; qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v;

belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui 46v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala(

dusul bui 20v; belge inu ala( dusul bui 43v.

dgrgi [Ch. man, full, (Mathews 4326)]; the one that fills; 3rd of the twelve lords of

the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi

t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; man dgrgi edr

36r.

dli middle; middle of the day or night, i.e., noon or midnight: nara emnei odqui es-

dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju

ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara umar-a g

odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui

6r; edr dli 24v, 39r, 39r, 40r; erig mordobasu edr dli morda 23r; sni dli 38v, 38v, 39r,

39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r; edr sni dli 42r, 42v, 42v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai

ua( Anurad Udarisad Abaji irvan Tanis Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin:

1249
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Ardar Mig ma(u. busu odun dli bui 56r; edr dli-dr qarimui 39r; edr dli-ee sni krtel-

e i(ulumui 38v; ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r; (urban sarayin qorin qoyar-

a sni-yin dli-yin urida drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v.

dngi [Ch. dong zhi]; the winter solstice (Mathews, 6603 (p. 963)); nara emnei odqui

es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee

qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r.

ebdegi [Ch. po/po to break (Mathews 5344)]; the destroyer; 7th of the twelve lords of

the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi

t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; ebdegi edrn belge

inu qada(ur bui 20v; p ebdegi. edr 36r; yirti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v;

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v.

ebl winter: asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r; Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr

inelemi 3r; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r; ebln nara bayiqu 6r; tariyain-dur ebln

terign sara 16r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln terign sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r;

ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur

ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a

19r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

es Mig sara 8r; tariyain-dur ebln es sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln es sar-a

19r; ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r; ebln (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

1250
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sarada ker Mo(ai Noqai a( qara bolumui 42r; qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n

edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle 59r.

ebln es sara the final month of winter: Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

es Mig sara 8r; tariyain-dur ebln es sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln es sar-a

19r; ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r.

ebln dumdadu sara the middle month of winter: ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyain-

dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-n

a(-un krdin-dr ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara

bui 41r.

ebln (urban sara the three winter months: ebln (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

sarada ker Mo(ai Noqai a( qara bolumui 42r.

ebln nara ba(uqu the winter solstice: Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-

yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r; ebln

naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

ebln nara ba(uqu edr the winter solstice; Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r.

ebln nara bayiqu the winter solstice (6r).

ebln naran ba(uqu a( the hour of the winter solstice; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r.

asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r.

1251
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ebln terign sara the middle month of winter: tariyain-dur ebln terign sara 16r;

Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln terign sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

terign Margiar sar-a 18r; ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r.

ebln til-n edr the winter solstice: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr

bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle 59r.

edd [pl. of edr]; days: edd 38r, 38v, 39r, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 50v, 50v, 56r,

56v, 56v, 61v; edd-t 46v, 60r; edd-dr 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 47v, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r.

edge now; at present: edge 7r, 50v; tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroi(ulqu bui 6v.

edged ?a variant form of edge: edged-nedged-n nigen on (urban a(un iran edr

bol(au 6v.

edr the day, esp., the period of daylight: edr 4v, 31r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 50v, 53v, 54v,

55r, 58v, 59v, 61r, 61v, 61v; Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr 2v; edr sni

2v; edr sni sau(uu bol- 5v, 6r; edr sni qubi sau(u bol- 10r, 16r; edr sni-yin a(ur 5v;

edr sni qoyar-yi ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v; ba(uraqu-bar edr sni inu urtu

ba oqor bolumui 5v; edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; edr sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r;

naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu 6r; ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r;

edr l tasuraqu 3v; edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; edr sni sar-a il bol(au

to(alaqui 5r; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; edr ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au

5v; nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; edr niiged niiged qubi

1252
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

segder (arumui 6r; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r; nigen edr

qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 6r; ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam

urtudumui 6r; ir(u(an edr (inu) lemi 6v, 6v, 6v; (uin ir(u(an edr bolumui 6v; a gi

edr 7v; ii keng edr 7v; bing in edr 7v; ding im edr 7v; uu ki edr 7v; edr qorin

ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin qoyar qubi

9r, 17r; edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; edr (uin drben qubi. sni

qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr

qorin drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r; luu edr 8r, 13r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

46v, 48v, 50r, 57v, 58v; mo(ai edr 8r, 8r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 48r,

48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 57v; qulu(an-a edr 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 34r, 42r, 48v, 50r, 50v,

50v, 50v, 53v, 57r, 58v; ker edr 9r, 10r, 10r, 16r, 19r, 34r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v,

46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v, 57r, 58v; ker kemebes yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr buyu

34v; baras edr 2r, 9r, 13r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 57r; taulai

edr 9r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r, 57r, 58v; takiy-a edr

9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 48r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r,

56r, 58r, 58v, 60v; noqai edr 10r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r,

55v, 58r, 58r, 58v; (aqai edr 10r , 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 35v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 50r, 53r, 55v, 58r,

60r; morin edr 10r, 14r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 55v, 57v,

58v, 60r; qonin edr 11r, 16r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 46v, 46v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v,

56r, 57v, 58v; bein edr 11r, 11r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 58r;

nigen edr 22r; edr dli 24v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r; ereg mordobasu edr dli morda 23r;

1253
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kk edr 27v; nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr bui 33r; gegrek ma(u edr bui 34v;

li qutu(tu edr 34v; an eilegi edr 35v; uu aril(a(i edr 35v; man dgrgi edr 36r;

ping tbidkegi edr 36r; ding to(ta(i edr 36r; saki(i edr 36r; p ebdegi edr 36r; i

t[g]igi edr 36v; eng btgi edr 36v ; iu quriya(i edr 36v; ke negegi edr 36v; bi

qa(a(i edr 37r; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu

ola abqu sayin edr 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr 37r; sm-e keyid ba nom

burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; saran-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman

ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r; i(ulqui edr 38r; sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un

qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v; saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-

iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v; il kiged sar-a edr a(-un

qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; ken edr 41v; yeke qara edr 41v; geyireglgi qara edr

41v; btk edr 42r; ba(uqu edr 43r, 43r; tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr 43r; ebdegi qara

qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v; (uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v;

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un

dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr 45r; Maqagala ba(uqu edr

46v; Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; aliba sarayin l sedk

edr 47v; ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r; tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r; idkd

(ai(udaqu edr 48v; ing gii edr 48v; bi p edr 48v; ireg mordaqu edr 48v; tngri-yin

mr kemek edr 49r; dayang kemek edr 49v; ua( kemek edr 49v; vimading kemek

edr 49v; sng kemek edr 49v; sing kemek edr 49v; dada qan kemek edr 49v; arban

1254
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r; beri

ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r; iyerk qara edr 53r; ginggang ingpng

giki edr 53r; kbegn-e mi l gki. okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr 53v; in-e

kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v; arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk

mai ma(u edr bui 53v; okin-u mr (arqu edr 54r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v; debel

emsk sayin edr 56r; em neyileglki sayin edr 56r; abaig abqu sayin edr 56v; obalang-

un tngri yabuqu edr 56v; qa(ailtu drben edr 59r; qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n

edr bolai 59r; ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu edr 59v; suuli sauqu es( ula(-un

negegemel edr 60v; edr-e 26v, 27r, 29v, 58v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v; do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (aar-aa (urban edr-e (armui 24r; (urban edr-

ee anggida Altan odun 38r; baras edr-<y>i klgelen kdelge 2r; (urban a(un iran

ir(u(an edr-i nigen on bol(aju 6v; (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu 6v;

ligsen ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes 6v; din dolo(an on-du saban-gei bges uridu

qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi egdeki 6v; arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun

glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek anu 47r; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn

egtn 49v; tabun dakini-yin mr (arqu edr-<y>i ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v; odun-u

sayin-i edr-iyer il(ayu 46r; yeke qara edr-lu(-a m tokiyaldumui 41v; edr-lu(-a odun

qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r; edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge]

qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu 44v; edr-t 27r, 29v, 33r, 41v, 42r; qoyitu

drben mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d

uridu 6v; edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v, 6v, 6v; tabun edr-dr oldayu 22r; ene kedn edr-dr

1255
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

47v; edr-n ileg duta(uu 2r; edr-n (ada(adu na(idar 3v; edr-n odun-i/odu-yi mede-

5r, 5r; lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; raiyan edr-

n belge erdini bui 20r; o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui 20r; naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; qariqu edrn belge inu gede

qandu(san (adusun bui 20r; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; qariquu

edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r; (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui

20r; qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r; kk edrn belge inu doro(i

qandu(san erdini bui 20r; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r;

im[n]us-i il(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r; Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge

inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; erketen i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i

qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; qariqui

edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r; ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg

bui 20r; kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r; kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn

belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r; do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r; ingbng

gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v; Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui

20v; ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; baling do(in gik edrn

belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v; ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v;

gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui 20v; yeke qara edrn belge inu (urbalin

qara bui 20v; tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v; qo(osun edrn belge

(urban qara dusul bui 20v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui [edrn] belge ala( dusul bui

1256
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

20v; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu [edrn] belge ala( debisker bui 20v; gara( idei erik

edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i

qandu(san qara sara 20v; ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v; ebdegi

edrn belge inu qada(ur bui 20v; (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt

drbelin bui 20v; tleki edrn belge anu solbi(san qara iruqai ene ilegdebei 20v; edr-

n odun-u sayin uiral 38r; qariqui edr-n belge inu arimda( vair bui 38r; mr (arqu

edrn sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin 48v; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin

nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v; arban qoyar

edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r; debel qubasun eskeki edrn

sayin 55v; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin 56v; abaig abqu

edrn sayin 56v.

egride always, constantly, forever: egride 46r; egride-yin uiral 46r.

eelegi [Ch. jian/chien, to establish, (Mathews 853)]; the one that establishes, founds;

1st of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui

35v; an eilegi edr 35v.

em-e sara female month, i.e., a month with 29 days (fewer than 30 days): em-e sar-a-yi

segl-ee buru(u 52v.

er-e sara male month, i.e., a month with thirty days: ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono(

bui 3r; er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v.

erte early: mana(ar erte bosu(ad 4v; ereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda 23v.

1257
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(ada(adu outside, external: (ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v; edr-n

(ada(adu na(idar 3v; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v; sni-dr (ada(adu 6v, 6v; edr-

dr (ada(adu 6v, 6v, 6v; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r.

'al (odun) fire star, i.e., Mars, Tuesday: 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v,

46r, 46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r; 'al odun bges egerde qalan morin una(san

ba. bombo kmn ba ula(an debelt kmn ba ese bges degerem qula(ayii ba keregr

bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui

22v.

(al-un galab the kalpa of fire: (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali 33r; (al-un galab bol(a(i

Barani bui 33r.

'aqai a( Pig hour: 'aqai a( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r; ii (aqai a( 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; gii

(aqai a( 7v; in (aqai a( 7v; ki (aqai a( 7v.

'aqai (edr) Pig day: 'aqai (edr) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; 'aqai edr okin l gk. (aqai l alaqu miq-a l idek 58r; (aqai

bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

1258
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

'aqai il Pig year: 'aqai il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; (aqai ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v; (aqai ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v.

'aqai sara Pig month: 'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v; 'aqai sara-dur (uingei 3v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi

(aqai sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v; ki (aqai sara 7v; Tbed-dr 'aqai sar-a 17r.

(uin thirty: (uin 40v, 41v, 44r, 53r, 53r; deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun

terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r;

Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin

qono(gei 3v; Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai

sara-dur (uingei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r;

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; (uin mi nigen qubi 5r; (uin qubi nigen

qono( 5r; (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu lemui 6v;

Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v; Isn

sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl 38v; Arban nigen

sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl 38v; (uin-a 8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 56r, 58v.

(uin qono( thirty days: deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terign Baras sar-a-

dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uin

qono( bui 3v; Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3v;

Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur

1259
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(uingei 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uin

qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v.

(uin edr thirty days: (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu

lemui 6v.

(urban a( the three times, i.e., past present and future (Lessing, 369); (urban a( 1v, 1v.

'urban sar-a/sara the third month: 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v

(urban sara the three months, i.e., of each season of the year: qaburun (urban sara 42r,

42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

sara 42r, 42r, 55r.

(urban in-e the third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v.

galab [S. kalpa; Tib. skal pa]; eon, age; a mythological period of time in Buddhist

cosmology (Lessing, 346); 1 kalpa = 4,320,000 years; 72,000 kalpa = life of Brahma;1 kalpa

= 1000 mahayugas;1 mahayuga = 4,320,00 years; each mahayuga has 4 smaller yugas in ratios

to each other of 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1; the last yuga, the kaliyuga, is 1/10 mahayuga = 432,000

years; this is a Babylonian number, the span of time given to the Babylonian kindom before

the flood in the histories of Berosos And Abydenus (Pingree, ISIS, 1963: 238); in the text the

four kalpa are given in terms of the Pythagorean four elements as opposed to the terms of the

horoscope, "formation, continuance, decline, and disintegration" which is more common; cf.

Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, 211-214; (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali bui

1260
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

33r; (al-un galab bol(a(i Barani bui; usun-u galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; usun galab

bol(a(i Jayitari bui; kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(i

Burnavasu buyu 33r.

geng/ging [Ch. geng (Mathews, 3339)]; the 7th Heavenly stem: ii geng yile 7v; ii geng edr

7v; ging baras sara 7v; ging luu sara 7v; ging morin sara 7v; ging bein sara 7v; ging noqai

sara 7v; ging qulu(an-a sara 7v; ging luu a( 7v; ging morin a( 7v; ging bein a( 7v; ging

noqai a( 7v; ging qulu(an-a a( 7v; ging baras a( 7v; ging in<g> 41r; ging ing 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r, 52r.

gi/gii 1. [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews, 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem; [see under i]; 2. [Ch. zhi/chih

to uphold, protect (Mathews, 996); Mong. saki(i]; 6th of the twelve lords of the day:

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v; gi

saki(i edr 36r ing gii edr sayin 48v.

ging 1. [Chinese geng]; the 7th Heavenly stem; [see under geng]; 2. Tib. letter ki (Jschke,

3a): ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v.

gan [S. kshana]; moment, small fraction of time = the time of an arrow shot by a

marksman to pierce a leaf: eng terign gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar il buyu 5r; eng

terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi

buyu 5r; nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r.

gi [Ch. gui/kuei (Mathews 3628)]; the 10th of the ten heavenly stems: gi 52r; uu gi yile

7v; uu gi edr 7v; gi taulai sara 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; gi mo(ai a(

7v; gi qonin sara 7v; gi qonin a( 7v; gi takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; gi (aqai sara

1261
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

7v; gi (aqai a( 7v; gi ker sara 7v; gi ker a( 7v; im gi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/im yii

[=gi] 52r, 52r.

edr-n ileg duta(uu the addition and subtraction of days, i.e. of calendar reckoning

(2r).

isn gara( the nine planets (32v); compare the Teutonic week. Included with the seven

gara( which comprise the days of the week there are two additional gara(, Rhu and Ketu,

to make nine total. Rhu, which designates the moon's ascending node is mythological and

belongs to the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was believed

to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them. The moon's

descending node was deified in a similar way as Ketu. Cf. Burgess, 194.

Isn sara the ninth month: (16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v).

isn in-e the ninth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 54r; inein isn 39v, 41v, 44v).

absar interval; period between; duration: Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a edr absar-du 58v.

a(ur-a/i(ur-a in the interval; while; during the time; a term to mark the period between

successive events, in particular, the new moon: a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de

irgemi 8r; i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r; i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] qamu(

iba(ud iremi 10r; a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r; a(ur-a salbarun ula(an

degde nismi 12r; a(ur-a kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r; a(ur-a kkege<g> iba(un

1262
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

emnei qarimui 14r; a(ura ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r; a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui

16r; a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r; a(ur-a salbar iba(un

ndegelemi 18r; a(ura qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 19r; ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin

a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v; kmn-i idker-<y>i bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ula(i

Burnavasu buyu 33v; kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v;

a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r; (aar kdelbes ar(-a beligten [=biligten] ber a(uraban

ebderem 31v.

a(uraki intermediate, situated in between; a term marking the period between successive

events; bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un iran bol(abasu

nigen dusul bolumui 5r.

an [Ch. jian/chien (Mathews 853); Mong. eilegi]; to found, establish; 1st of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v; an eilegi edr 35v.

il year: il 51r, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v; il kiged naiman ayima( terigten

(aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigten-i Kitad-un to(oin-u

yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr inelek 3r; il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui

4r; nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r; arban qoyar sar-a nigen il 5r; nara

emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen il bolumui 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-

u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui. tegn-ee niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged

niiged qubi segder (arumui. tende-ee nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji

edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui. tegne niiged niiged gertr

1263
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged qubi segder neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen

il bolumui 6r; ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r; qari il sabangey-ee bolbasu qari

il tokiyaldumui 7r; ali il tus bolbasu l yegdken qulu(an-a-aa teriglen 7r; ali il bges

qoyitu qoyar il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r; door-a to(ori(i arban qoyar sara-dur nigen il 33r;

nigen edr-d nigen il bui 33r; il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; a(an

baras king ing. qara mo(ai im ki. kke bein a ii ira (aqai uu gii ed naiman il qara bui

41r; odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r; il odun qoyar-

un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u

il(al-i ek 46v; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei 48r;

ede okin-u il bui tokiyal-du(ulu egdeki 51r; ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e

52r; ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; u(tu(i-yin il 52r; asal asan okiqu l okiqu

ibegel gki abqui gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v; Baras

Morin Noqai il emn-e sayin 55v; Taulai Qonin 'aqai il doron-a sayin 55v; Qulu(ana Luu

Bein il doron-a umara sayin 55v; ker Mo(ai Takiy-a il rn-e umara sayin 55v; qariyal

keyibes (urban il-d l btk 42r; il-dr arban qoyar sara bui 3r; (urban il-dr nigen

saban sar-a bol- 3r, 4r; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; Morin il-dr namurun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; Takiy-a il-dr ebln dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr

bui 33r; Qulu(an-a Morin il-e qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i namurun dumdadu

gegreglegi 41r; ker Qonin il-e qaburun es r-e tasulu(i. namurun es

geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r; Baras Bein il-e un-u terign r-e tasulu(i. ebln terign

1264
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

geyireglgi sara bui 41r; Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i. ebln

dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r; Luu Noqai il-e un-ues r-e tasulu(i ebln es

geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r; Mo(ai 'aqai il-e qaburun terign r-e tasulu(i namurun

terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r; ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged odun bui. niiged

gara( bui 33r; ilten 24r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; taulai qoni (aqai ilten

qara morin unuu 22r; ilt 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; qulu(an-

a ilt okin-i taulai iltd buu g 54v; ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d buu g 54v; baras ilt

okin-i mo(ai ilt-d buu g 54v; taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d buu g 54v; luu ilt okin-i

qonin ilt-d buu g 54v; mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d buu g 54v; morin ilt okin-i

takiy-a ilt-d buu g 54v; qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d buu g 54v; bein ilt okin-i

(aqai ilt-d buu g 54v; takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g 54v; noqai ilt-yi

kert buu g 54v; (aqai ilt-yi baras iltd buu g 54v; noqai ilt-yi kert buu g 54v;

qulu(an-a ilt kmn 53r; Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r; il-n terign 10r;

dtger arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi glesgei 34r; qubi sarayindolo(an inide Baras

iln qari bein gqadqu 50v; il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui 52r; er-e-

yin il-n eki a(tu ba(uqu bui 52r; il-n Tayisui kemebes Qulu(an-a ker il doron-a.

Baras Taulai il emn-e. Luu Mo(ai il emn-e rn-e. Morin Qonin il rn-e. Bein Takiy-a

il rn-e umara. Noqai 'aqai il umara. ede g-d sa(umu 55v; Qulu(an-a ker 'aqai

1265
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(urban iln (aar-un ba(atud umar-a 58v; Baras Taulai Luu (urban il-n (aar-un ba(atud

doron-a 58v; iln qo(osun 60r.

il-n terign the beginning of the year: Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r; il-n

terign 10r.

ir(u(an in-e the sixth day of the month (8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v; inein

ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r).

ir(u(an sara the sixth month: (13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v).

un [Ch. zhong/chung (Mathews 1504)]; n un bolbasu 6r; qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng

iu un bolbasu 6r.

un summer: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle

59r; tariyain-dur un-u terign sara 10r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u terign sar-a 11r;

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign ista sar-a 12r; un-u terign r-e tasulu(i

41r; Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara

Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u

dumdadu sar-a 13r; un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; tariyain-dur un-u es sara qara 12r;

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u es sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es

Abiji sara 14r; un-u es r-e tasulu(i 41r; un-u nara bayiqu 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a(

12r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r.

1266
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

un-u dumdadu sar-a the middle month of summer: Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a

qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u dumdadu

sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r; un-u dumdadu r-e

tasulu(i 41r.

un-u es sar-a the final month of summer: tariyain-dur un-u es sara qara 12r; qara

Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u es sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es Abiji

sara 14r; un-u es r-e tasulu(i 41r.

un-u (urban sar-a the three summer months (42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu

Noqai a( qara 42r).

un-u nara bayiqu the summer solstice: un-u nara bayiqu 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a(

12r.

un-u terign sar-a the first month of summer: tariyain-dur un-u terign sara 10r; qara

Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u terign sar-a 11r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u

terign ista sar-a 12r; un-u terign r-e tasulu(i 41r.

ke [Ch. kai/kai (Mathews 3204) to open; Mong. negegi]; 11th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

ke negegi edr 36v.

key-yin galab the kalpa of air: kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(i

Burnavasu buyu kemebe 33r.

Kgeler sara the twelfth month of the year; while the rest of the Mongolian months, from

the second through the eleventh month are named according to their number, the Second

1267
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

month, and so on, as is the Chinese, Central Asian and Babylonian custom as well, the name

of the first month, qubi sar-a, along with kgeler sar-a, the last month of the year, absent

from present-day Mongolian calendars, are from an series of specifically Mongolian terms.

L. Bazin gives etymologies of these two terms (followed in Melville, 84 note 11, 95) derived

from Buddhist Iranian and Sogdian, respectively; Kgeler sara he defines as the Month of

Mating (< Old Turkish kgler, plur., to kg [cf. Bazin 1991: 294, 354-356, 556]). G. Kara,

while pointing out the phonetic difficulties of this etymology, shows that the existence of this

earlier Mongolian system, cited by Mostaert in full from the 9th series of the Lung wei bi shu,

found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap. IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (cf. Textes oraux

ordos p. 131-132, note 2) makes these etymologies impossible. Cf. Kara (1984) 194, note 23;

Kara, 1973; and the term sara in Karas study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu. While the independent

designation of the 1st and 12th months is in Uigur also (see Kara, Weitere . . . ., p. 194), the

early Mongolian as cited by Mostaert is similar to the ancient Turkish system in that the new

year begins with the coming of spring, the vernal equinox. This marks a divergence from the

Chinese system the Mongols eventually adopted, the system given in the manuscript and

modern Buddhist systems, in which the new year begins prior to the vernal equinox, around

the time the sun enters Aquarius. See also Ligeti, 45 and Cerensodnom and Taube, 147.

Kgeler (sara) 19r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r,

47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; Mong(ol-dur Kgeler-n sar-a 19r.

1268
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

li un [Ch. li to fixand chun/chun spring (Mathews 3921a.34]; beginning of spring; first

of the twenty-four joints and breaths, about February 5-18 (see also Palmer, 66); qoyitu on li

un 7r.

Luu a( Dragon hour: (42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; uu luu a( 7v; king

luu a( 7v; im luu a( 7v; a luu a( 7v; bing luu a().

Luu edr Dragon day: (8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 19r, 34v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57v, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v; luu medeki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v).

Luu il Dragon year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; luu

ilt 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; luu ilten 54r, 54v).

Luu sara Dragon month: (10r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara

7v; im luu sara 7v; a luu sara 7v; bing luu sara 7v; Tbed-dr Luu sara 10r).

Luuq-a odun [S. Rhu; Tib. gzachen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Rhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Rhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the suns path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18 years; in Hindu

mythology Rhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

Rhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

1269
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

by the 8th century A.D. Rhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi

[Stone 1981: 25-36]); cf. also Burgess 1859: 194; MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94; Cornu 1997:

144; Indian Rhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the dragon, that

stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends of a

diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

man [Ch. man (Mathews 4326) to fill; Mong. dgrgi]; 3rd of the twelve lords of the

day]: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

man dgrgi edr 36r.

mana(ar tomorrow: mana(ar 4v, 6v, 23v.

mar(ada tomorrow; mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v.

Mo(ai a( Snake hour: 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v; gi mo(ai a( 7v; in mo(ai a( 7v; ki

mo(ai a( 7v; ii mo(ai a( 7v; ding mo(ai a( 7v.

Mo(ai edr Snake day (8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v; mo(ai ner-e ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; mo(ai ngge

ni(ur 8v).

Mo(ai il Snake year (41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; mo(ai ilten 53r, 54v; mo(ai ilt 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v).

Mo(ai sara Snake month: 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin tula arban

1270
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

drben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; in mo(ai sara 7v; ki mo(ai sara 7v;

ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a 11r.

Morin a( Horse hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v.

Mori(n) edr Horse day: 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r,

60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; morin ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v.

Morin il Horse year: 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v;

morin ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ilten 54v.

Morin sara Horse month: 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; king morin sara 7v; im morin sara 7v; a morin

sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin a( 7v; im morin a( 7v; a morin

a( 7v; bing morin a( 7v; uu morin a( 7v.

naiman in-e the eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 56v, 56v; inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

Naiman sara the eighth month: 15r, 15r, 37r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; Naiman sarada<n>

edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r.

1271
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

naiman in-e the eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 56v, 56v; inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r.

namur autumn: tariyain-tur namurun terign sara 13r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun

terign sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun terign Burvabadaribad sara

15r; namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r; namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v; Morin il-

dr namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un

to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun

dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu gegreglegi 41r; tariyain-dur namurun

es sar-a 15r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun eus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-

dr namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r; qabur

namarun a(ur 6r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; qabur namurun qu(usun ebln til-n

edr bolai 59r.

namur-un dumdadu sara the middle month of autumn: namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v;

Morin il-dr namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r;

Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr

namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu gegreglegi 41r.

namur-un es sar-a the final month of autumn: tariyain-dur namurun es sar-a 15r;

Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun eus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun

es Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r.

namurun (urban sara the three months of autumn (42r, 42r, 55r).

1272
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

namurun qu(us the autumnal equinox: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr

bolai 59r.

namur-un terign sara the first month of autumn: tariyain-tur namurun terign sara 13r;

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun terign sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr

namurun terign Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r.

Nara(n) odun Sunday: 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 44r,

44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v; Naran

odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem (al inar bui 21v.

negegi [Ch. kai/kai to open (Mathews 3204)]; the one that opens; the 11th lord of the

day: ke negegi edr 36v; mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i nege<ge>gi qa(a(i kemen ungimui

35v.

Nigen sar-a the first month; used occasionally instead of Qubi sara: 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v.

nigen in-e the first day of the month: 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; inein nigen 41v.

Noqai a( Dog hour: 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r; a noqai a( 7v; bing

noqai a( 7v; uu noqai a( 7v; king noqai a( 7v; im noqai a( 7v.

1273
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Noqai edr Dog day: 8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Noqai il Dog year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; noqai

ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r; noqai ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v.

Noqai sara Dog month: 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king

noqai sara 7v; im noqai sara 7v.

okin sara maiden month, i.e., a month with no more than twenty-nine days; see also em-e

sara: ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r.

ken edr a small day (41v).

ken il a small year: ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged odun bui 33r

ken sar-a a small month, i.e., a month with no more than 29 days; see also its

complement, yeke sar-a and the synonym, ba(-a sar-a; ken sar-a 53r; basa arban qoyar

sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au 6v.

ni long ago; for a long time: ni l oyilaqu 24v, 57v; ni l usadqu 34v; ni qola (aar

57r; ni qutu(-aa biig irek 57r.

rlge morning: rlge 40r; rlge idei 40r.

1274
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ping/bing [Ch. ping/ping (Mathews 5303); Mong. tbidkegi]; level; 4th of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v; ping tbidkegi edr 36r.

p [Ch. po/po (Mathews 5344); Mong. ebdegi]; to destroy; 7th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

p ebdegi. edr 36r; bi p edr ma(u 48v.

qaburun dumdadu sara the middle month of spring: qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r,

41r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 3r, 10r.

qaburun es sara the final month of spring: qaburun es sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v; qaburun

es ua( sara 11r.

qaburun ekin sar-a the first month of spring: Lii-du ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig sara-

yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v; qaburun ekin 7r.

qaburun (urban sara the three months of spring (42r, 42r, 55r).

qabur namarun a(ur the pneuma of spring and autumn, i.e., the beginning of spring and

fall (6r)

qabur namurun qu(us the vernal and autumnal equinox (59r).

qaburun terign sara the first month of spring: qaburun terign sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r,

41r; qaburun terign Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r.

qa(a(i [Ch. bi/pi (Mathews 5092)]; the closer, the one that closes: 12th of the twelve lords

of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i

1275
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; bi qa(a(i edr

37r.

qa(uin 1. last, old; qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r; nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sara 7r;

qa(uin debel 34v; qa(uin ong(oa 35v; qa(uin bara(an 36r; qa(uin ger 36r, 36v;

qa(uin kger-n yasun 36v; 2. the final ten days of the month; in his study of the Chines-

Uygur calendar in Persian historiography of the Mongol period, Charles Melville raises the

question as to the exact meaning of the term; in Mostaert and Cleaves lettres (49-54) it is

the last ten days of the month numbered backwards, i.e., the 21st = the 10th, the 22nd = 9th, etc.;

other theories are that the term refers to the second half of the month, or that it is not

numbered retrogressively (Melville, 1994: 98); from the text, though the question of

numbering is unanswered, the term is given as the complement of sara-yin in-e (the first of

the month), which clearly refers to the first ten days of the month, and thus the final ten days

of the month are implied; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal inu qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-

dr inu edr l tasuraqu qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v; odun na(idar sayin bges qa(uin-dur

u sayin 37v; qa(uin-dur iledbes 37v; qa(uin-dur abu(daqu 56v qa(uin kiged d[e]i-

yin a( 56v.

Qonin a( Sheep hour: 10r, 50r, 51r; in qonin a( 7v; ki qonin a( 7v; ii qonin a( 7v;

ding qonin a( 7v; gi qonin a( 7v.

Qoni(n) (edr) Sheep day: 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r,

40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v,

56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

1276
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v.

Qonin il Sheep year: 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r,

54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ilten 22r, 54r, 54v.

Qonin sara Sheep month: 13r, 13r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; in qonin sara 7v; ki qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding

qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v.

qono( day; the smallest unit of natural time = 24 hours: qono( tasura- 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v;

ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r; ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r; ir(u(an

okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono(gei bui 3r; tegber ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r;

nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; qaburun terign Baras sar-a-

dur (uin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r; Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui

3v; Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3v; Bein sara-dur

(uin qono( bui 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono(

bui 3v; usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v; qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-

dr inu edr l tasuraqu qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v; edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v;

umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu 3v; nara oron-

ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r; (uin qono( nigen

sar-a 5r; iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; (uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a

bolumui 5v; ebln dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau ir(u(an sar-a bged

ir(u(an qono( bolbasu nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v; nigen qono(-i a(un mi

1277
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bol(an 6r; isn qono(-tu oldayu 23r; a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r; a(u qono(-du kk

60r; arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; qono(-un (urban il 2r;

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v; qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun

na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei 3v.

qono( tasura- extracalation; the cutting of a day from the calendar: 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v;

ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r.

qono(-un (urban il the three kinds of day, i.e., 1. the zodiac or sidereal day (Tib.

khyim-zhag), the time it takes the sun to progress on out of 360 degrees of the zodiac or the

movement of the sun across the celestial meridian; there are 360 such days in a year; this is

the longest type of day; 2. the doin, the solar or natural day (Tib. nyin-zhag), the period from

dawn to dawn; there are 365 such days per year; 3. the date or lunar day (tshes-zhag), the

period of time it takes the moon to travel one-thirtieth the distance between new moon

positions in each successive sign of the zodiac; there are 375 lunar days in a year; this is the

shortest type of day; see Berzin, 20-21; Schuh, 84; the three kinds of day derive from three

incommensurate cycles in nature: 1. the doin or solar day; 2. the lunation; 3. the sidereal year;

the three kinds of day is found in Tibetan and Hindu systems as well; qono(-un (urban il

2r.

qorin twenty; the twentieth day of the month: qorin 40v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 53r; qorin nasun

61v; qorin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r,

43r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 56r.

1278
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qorin dolo(an the twenty-seventh day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 56r.

qorin drben twenty-four; the twenty-fourth day of the month: 8r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

55v, 56r; qorin drben a(ur a(; tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr qorin

drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r.

qorin drben a(ur a( [Ch. ershisi jieqi; Tib. dus-tshigs nyer-bzhi]; the twenty-four joints

and breaths; meteorological phases of the solar year. Of these the manual mentions X, Y. For

discussion and listing of these weather terms, see Palmer, 64-66; tngri (aar-un qorin drben

a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r.

qorin (urban the twenty third day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r.

qorin isn twenty-nine; the twenty-ninth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12r, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 58v; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg

qono(gei bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg bolumui

3r.

1279
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qorin ir(u(an twenty-six; the twenty-sixth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr (uin

drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r.

qorin naiman twenty-eight; the twenty-eighth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v,

44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r; edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r; qorin naiman

na(idar 21r, 24v, 60v, 61r; qorin naiman odun 32v; qorin naiman nasun 61v.

qorin naiman na(idar the twenty-eight nakshatra (21r, 24v, 60v, 61r).

qorin nigen the twenty-first day of the month: 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r.

qorin qoyar the twenty-second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 58v.

qorin tabun the twenty-fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 37r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47v,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r, 55v, 56r.

Qoyar sara the second month: 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v.

1280
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoyar in-e the second day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; inein

qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v.

qoyin-a after; later: qoyin-a 32r, 34r, 40r, 61r, 61r; egn-ee qoyin-a 6r, 6v; saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v; sgsen qoyin-a 30r; qoyin-a (arqu 31v; nara ur(u(san qoyin-a

42r; r geyigsen qoyin-a 42v; taulai qoyin-a 58v; qoni qoyin-a 58v; (aqai qoyin-a 58v; qoyin-

a-aa buu qara 54r.

qoyitu back; later; future; coming: arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r;

qoyitu drben mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v; qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben

edr 6v; uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi egdeki 6v; qoyitu arban tabun 6v; qoyitu on 7r, 17r;

qoyitu qoyar il 7r; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e 47v.

qubi 1. share, portion; 2. unit of time a) = 48 minutes (S. muhrta); b) = 24 minutes (S.

nd); c) = 86.4 seconds; 3. the first month of the year: Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 38r,

39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v, 50v; qaburun terign Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(au 2v; edr sni-yin a( mi-yin

qubi 2v; (uin mi nigen qubi 5r; (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r; qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi

bolumui 5v; qubi to(alaqui 5v; iran mi nigen qubi 5v; qoyar qubi nigen tediken 5v; iran

qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; sni arban tabun

tediken qubi 5v; edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v; urtudqu ba. oqor

bol(aqu inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu

ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r; niiged niiged qubi

1281
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

segder neme 6r; ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r; nigen a(tur

naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui 6r; arban

adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r; sni (uin drben qubi 8r,

18r; edr qorin naiman qubi 9r; sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r; edr sni qubi sau(u bolumui 10r;

edr (uin qoyar qubi 11r; sni qorin naiman qubi 11r; edr (uin drben qubi 12r; sni

qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi 13r; sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr (uin

drben qubi 14r; sni qorin ir(u(an 14r; edr (uin qoyar qubi 15r; sni qorin naiman qubi

15r; edr sni qubi sau(uu 16r; edr qorin naiman qubi 17r; sni (uin qoyar qubi 17r; edr

qorin drben qubi 19r; sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r; qamtudqui-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it

2r; nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu

5v; nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju 6r; dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u segder-gei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki

tegsbe 6r.

qubi [S. muhrta]; unit of time; there are three systems for reckoning time in the text, and

the measure of the qubi is different in all three; in the first system there are 30 qubi in one day;

thus, the qubi equals 48 minutes; this measure can be traced back to Vedic times in India

where there are 30 muhrta in a day; in the second time reckoning system, this qubi is referred

to as tediken or common; in the second time reckoning system there are 60 qubi in one

day; thus, the qubi equals 24 minutes; in the third system the qubi equals 86.4 seconds;

according to Indian astrology, the 30 muhrta system can be reckoned in three different ways:

1282
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

first is by dividing day and night into 15 muhrta; this means the muhrta varies in length as

the lengths of day and night vary throughout the year (as measured by a gnomon); second has

30 muhrtas of equal length as measured by a water clock; third is a system of fixed shadow

lengths; the gnomon referred to in the manual, a pole with seven portions (dolo(an qubi-tu

modun), measures the common unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone 1981: 181-183; edr

sni-yin a( mi-yin qubi 2v; (uin mi nigen qubi 5r; (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r qoyar

amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v; qubi to(alaqui 5v; iran mi nigen qubi 5v; qoyar qubi

nigen tediken 5v; iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v; edr arban tabun tediken

qubi 5v; sni arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi

bolumui 5v; urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an 5v; dolo(an qubi-

du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r;

niiged niiged qubi segder neme 6r; ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui

6r; nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban qubi bolbasu nigen

mi bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r; edr qorin ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r; sni

(uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr qorin naiman qubi 9r; sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r; edr sni

qubi sau(u bolumui 10r; edr (uin qoyar qubi 11r; sni qorin naiman qubi 11r; edr (uin

drben qubi 12r; sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r; edr (uin ir(u(an qubi 13r; sni qorin

drben qubi 13r; edr (uin drben qubi 14r; sni qorin ir(u(an 14r; edr (uin qoyar qubi

15r; sni qorin naiman qubi 15r; edr sni qubi sau(uu 16r; edr qorin naiman qubi 17r; sni

(uin qoyar qubi 17r; edr qorin drben qubi 19r; sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r; nigen qubi-

dur nigen dusul 5v; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu 5v; nara bayiqu

1283
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju 6r; dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u

segder-gei bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r.

Qubi sara the first month of the year. While the rest of the Mongolian months, from the

second through the eleventh month are named according to their number, the Second month,

and so on, as is the Chinese, Central Asian and Babylonian custom as well, the name of the

first month, qubi sar-a, along with kgeler sar-a, the last month of the year, absent from

present-day Mongolian calendars, are from an series of specifically Mongolian terms. L.

Bazin gives etymologies of these two terms (followed in Melville, 84 note 11, 95) derived

from Buddhist Iranian and Sogdian, respectively; G. Kara, while pointing out the phonetic

difficulties of this etymology, shows that the existence of this earlier Mongolian system, cited

by Mostaert in full from the 9th series of the Lung wei bi shu, found in the Yi shih ji yu (chap.

IV, f. 19) from the time of the Ming dynasty (cf. Textes oraux ordos p. 131-132, note 2)

makes these etymologies impossible. Cf. Kara (1984) 194, note 23; Kara, 1973; and the term

sara in Karas study of the Zhiyuan Yiyu. While the independent designation of the 1st and

12th months is in Uigur also (see Kara, Weitere . . . ., p. 194), the early Mongolian as cited

by Mostaert is similar to the ancient Turkish system in that the new year begins with the

coming of spring, the vernal equinox. This marks a divergence from the Chinese system the

Mongols eventually adopted, the system given in the manuscript and modern Buddhist

systems, in which the new year begins prior to the vernal equinox, around the time the sun

enters Aquarius. See also Ligeti, 45 and Cerensodnom and Taube, 147. Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r,

1284
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

37r, 37r, 37v, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r,

47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; qaburun terign Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(au 2v.

Qulu(an-a a( Mouse hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v; Qulu(an-a a(-un uridu

drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; bing qulu(an-a a( 7v; uu qulu(an-a a( 7v;

king qulu(an-a a( 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; a qulu(an-a a( 7v.

Qulu(an-a (edr) Mouse day: 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v; qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

Qulu(an-a il Mouse year: 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

58v/Qulu(ana il 55v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r; qulu(an-a ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; qulu(an-a ilten 54r, 54v.

Qulu(an-a sara Mouse month: 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; bing

qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a sara 7v; a

qulu(an-a sara 7v; Tbedn-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r.

quriya(i [Ch. shou to collect (Mathews 5837)]; the one that collects; 10th of the twelve

lords of the day]: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; iu

quryiya(i edr 36v.

1285
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

saban sara [Ch. runyue; Tib. zla-bshol]; the intercalary month: saban sara 4r; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medek kereg 3r; (urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a

bolumui 3r; Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal inu

tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a il-

dr qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar. Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar. Morin il-dr

namurun dumdadu sara qoyar. Takiy-a il-dr ebln dumdadu sara qoyar 4r saban sara-dur

odun na(idar eki 4r; qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide

to(alabasu sayin ma(u ai r-e inu l bty 4r; (urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu

olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r; tegber iran da(un nigen me. (uin mi nigen qubi (uin qubi

nigen qono(. (uin qono( nigen sar-a. arban qoyar sar-a nigen il. tegn-ee qolidqau

ligsen-i saban sara bolumui 5r; qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; merged

saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v; basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an

ken sar-a bol(au to(alabasu basa ir(u(an edr lemi. (urban on-dur (uin ir(u(an

edr bolumui. (uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu lemui 6v;

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen

saban sara bolumui 6v; saban sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a kemebes 6v; nggeregsen din

dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroi(ulqu bui 6v; din dolo(an on-du saban-gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi

egdeki 6v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-gei bges tere saban sara bolumui

7r; ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui 7r.

1286
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

saki(i [Ch. zhi/chih, to protect, (Mathews 996)]; the one that protects; 6th of the twelve

lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i

ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; kbegn-i

saki(i 30v; gi saki(i edr 36r.

sar-a/sara(n) 1. moon; 2. month; 3. Monday: sara/sar-a 6v, 8r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r;

ineleki sara 2r; qaburun terign sar-a 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; Mig sara 2r; Baras sar-a/sara 2v, 8r, 8r,

58v; Qubi sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r; Bus sar-a 3r; Sua( sar-a 3r; saban sar-a 3r, 3r, 3v, 4r, 5r,

5v, 6v, 6v, 7r; arban qoyar sara 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r; un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r,

11r, 12r, 13r; namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 14r, 15r; ebln dumdadu sara 4r; sara degrki

bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r; b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek 4r; il sara mi-yin

a(ur okiramui 4r; Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v; edr sni sar-a il bol(au

5r; (uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r; (uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v; arban qoyar sar-

a nigen il 5r; [arban] qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v; ir(u(an sar-a 5v;

nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad 5v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an

ken sar-a bol(au 6v; aliba sara saban bges tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin

qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v; bing baras sara 7v; uu baras sara 7v; king baras sara 7v; im baras

sara 7v; a baras sara 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; in taulai sara 7v; ki taulai

1287
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; uu luu sara 7v; king luu sara 7v; im luu sara 7v; a luu sara 7v; bing

luu sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; in mo(ai sara 7v; ki mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding

mo(ai sara 7v; king morin sara 7v; im morin sara 7v; a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara 7v;

uu morin sara 7v; in qonin sara 7v; ki qonin sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v;

gii qonin sara 7v; im bein sara 7v; a bein sara 7v; bing bein sara 7v; uu bein sara 7v;

king bein sara 7v; ki takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a sara

7v; in takiy-a sara 7v; a noqai sara 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara

7v; im noqai sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v;

ki (aqai sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; im

qulu(an-a sara 7v; a qulu(an-a sara 7v; ding ker sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; in ker sara 7v;

ki ker sara 7v; ii ker sara 7v; ebln es Mig sara 8r; yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen

buyan-tu sara bolai 8r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun es sara 9r; taulai sara

9r, 9r; qoyar sara 9r; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; jun-u terign sara 10r; qaburun es

sara 10r; luu sara 10r, 10r; (urban sara 10r; qaburun es ua( sara 11r; un-u terign sar-a

11r; mo(ai sar-a 11r, 11r; drben sar-a 11r; ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r; un-u terign ista

sar-a 12r; un-u es sara 12r, 13r; tabun sara 12r; morin sara 12r, 12r; namurun terign sara

13r, 14r; qonin sara 13r, 13r; ir(u(an sara 13r, 37v; un-u es Abiji sara 14r; bein sar-a

14r, 14r; dolo(an sar-a 14r, 56v [here not name but duration?]; namurun terign

Burvabadaribad sara 15r; namurun es sar-a 15r, 16r; takiy-a sara 15r, 15r; naiman sara 15r,

37r; tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; ebln terign sara 16r, 17r;

noqai sara 16r, 16r; isn sara 16r; namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r; ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r,

1288
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

18r; (aqai sar-a 17r; ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; ebln es sar-a 18r, 19r; qulu(an-a

sar-a/sara 18r, 18r; arban nigen sar-a 18r; ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r; ker sar-a/sara 19r,

19r, 58v; kgeler-n sar-a 19r; kgeler sara 38v; gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i

qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; nara sara 32v; nara sara

kirtbes 25v; nara sara kbes 27r, 32r; nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v; il kiged sar-a

edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r; geyireglgi sara namurun es geyireglgi

sar-a bui 41r; ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara

bui 41r; ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r; namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui

41r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r; il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au

biisgei 48r; yeke sara bges 51v; sara yeke bges 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; ba(-a sara bges

51v; sara ba(-a bges 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen

ek kereg bolai 54v; on sara edr a( me 55r; 1 sara 59v; arban nigen sara-aa tabun sara

krtel-e sayin 37v; sarada 11r, 15r, 38v, 40r; ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r;

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r; naiman sarada<n> edr sni

teng kem-iyer 6r; qoyar sarada 9r; (urban sarada 10r; drben sarada erdem sur(abasu 11r;

ir(u(an sarada erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles kiged abiig abubasu 13r; dolo(an sarada

sayitar oroi(ulbasu 14r; naiman sarada i(ul(an i(ulbasu 15r; isn sarada gken tusa

btegebes 16r; arban sarada a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; arban nigen sarada ed mal

(ada(i gbes 18r; kgeler sarada usun-u iles iledbes 19r; qaburun (urban sarada 42r,

42r; un-u (urban sarada 42r; namurun (urban sarada 42r, 42r; ebln (urban sarada 42r, 42r;

ede sarada 37v; ede sarada okin-u bey-e- d ma(u 51r; ede sarada tegi sayin bui 51r; ede

1289
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sarada i(ui-du ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada eige eke-de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eige

eke-de ma(u 51r; ede sarada er-e-d ma(u bui 51r; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign 55r;

un-u (urban sarada<n> terign 55r; namurun (urban sarada terign 55r; ebln (urban

sarada terign 55r; Sua( sar-a arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk 3r;

qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui 3r; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r; Luu

sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gei-yin tula 3v; Morin sara-

dur (uin qono( bui 3v; Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tulada 3v; Bein sara-dur (uin

qono( bui 3v; Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v; Noqai sara-dur (uin qono(

bui 3v; 'aqai sara-dur (uingei-yin tulada 3v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; ker

sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v; saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki bui 4r; arim sar-

a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r; arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur

tasuramui 4r; qoyar sara-dur 6r; taban sara-dur kgerge talbibasu 12r; arban qoyar sara-dur
nigen il 33r; na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r; saran-lu(-a

Anurad tokiyaldu(san 8r; sara(n)-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi 18r, 19r; saran-

lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r; sara-lu(-a edr

qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar

gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39r; nara sara-lu(-a saa(u yabumui

55r; sar-a-yi 4r, 10r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun

ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v; qaburun terign Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(au 2v; Baras Morin

Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki 2v; qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign

bol(au 3r; ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu 3v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

1290
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

4r, 4r; saban sar-a-yi l meden 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui

medek kereg 4v; arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au 6v; saban

sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a kemebes 6v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui 51r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola 52v; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru( 52v; qaburun terign sarayin

arbun tabun-a 2r; qaburun terign sarayin . . . 2r; arban qoyar sarayin 60r; arban qoyar sarayin

to(-a 2v; arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn ene bui 7v; arban qoyar sarayin isn in-e

41v [see kgeler sara] arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r; arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r; arban

qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr 47r; arban qoyar sarayin

Modun gokimoi 48r; Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; sar-a-u urida nggeriged 3v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg buyu 4v; ebln dumdadu

sarayin 5v; merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v; saban sarayin qoyin-a 6v; aliba

sarayin 37v, 56v, 58v; aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur gei bges tere saban sara 6v;

aliba sarayin l sedk edr 47v; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn

49v; Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek

krdn bui 49v; nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun 7r; qubi sarayin nigen

inide 7r; qubi sarayin 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r,

47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v; sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; sarayin in-e 37r, 37v, 37v; drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r; drben

dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a i(ulumui 38r; drben es sarayin (urban tabun-a

i(ulumui 38r; qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a 38v; qoyar sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; (urban

1291
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sarayin qorin qoyar-a 38v; (urban sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; drben sarayin naiman inede 38v;

drben sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v; tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a 38v; tabun sarayin

39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; ir(u(an sarayin naiman inede 38v; ir(u(an sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v,

42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; dolo(an sarayin

qorin tabun-a 38v; dolo(an sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r,

47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e 38v;

naiman sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r; isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e 38v; isn sarayin 39r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r,

50v, 60r; arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e 38v; arban sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e 38v; arban nigen sarayin 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v,

60r; kgeler sarayin qorin dolon-a 39r; kgeler sarayin 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v; baras morin noqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v,

53v; taulai qonin (aqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v; luu bein qulu(an-a sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v;

qulu(an-a luu bein sarayin 53v; takiy-a ker mo(ai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v; ker mo(ai takiy-

a sarayin 53v; sarayin qo(osun 40r; drben terign sarayin 48v; drben terign sarayin

1292
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

terign-i qara 41r; drben terign sarayin mo(ai edr 48r; drben terign sarayin mr (arqu

krdn ene bui 49r; drben dumdadu sarayin 48v; drben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r;

drben dumdadu sarayin takiy-a edr 48r; drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui

49r; drben es sarayin 48v; drben es sarayin segl-i qara bui 41r; drben es sarayin

ker edr 48r; drben es sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r; iroi odun ekilegsen

sarayin 43r; Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; 'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r; Modun odun

ekilegsen sarayin 43r; nigen sarayin 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v; nigen sarayin mo(ai 48v [see qubi

sara]; 1 sarayin 50r; 2 sarayin 50r; 3 sarayin 50r; 4 sarayin 50r; 5 sarayin 50r; 6 sarayin 50r;

7 sarayin 50r; 8 sarayin 50r; 9 sarayin 50r; 10 sarayin 50r; 11 sarayin 50r; 12 sarayin 50r; qara

sarayin asal 50v; tere sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui 50v; (abiy-a-tu sarayin inede 52r;

yeke sarayin inein (urban 53r; ken sarayin inein qoyar 53r; baras bein sarayin 53v;

taulai takiy-a sarayin 53v; luu noqai sarayin 53v; mo(ai (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin

sarayin 53v; ker qonin sarayin 53v; baras sarayin 53v; taulai sarayin 53v; luu sarayin 53v;

mo(ai sarayin 53v; morin sarayin 53v; qonin sarayin 53v; bein sarayin 53v; takiy-a sarayin

53v; noqai sarayin 53v; (aqai sarayin 53v; qulu(an-a sarayin 53v; ker sarayin 53v; namurun

dumdadu sarayin 56v; qaburun es sarayin 56v.

Sara(n) odun moon star, Sunday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v.

1293
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

saras [pl. of sara]; months: qara saras-dur sm-e keyid bosqabasu 41r; saras-un yeke

ken 7r; qara sara-un 41r.

segder shadow: nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an

qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu

ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; tegn-ee niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi

segder (arumui 6r; nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-

du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged

qubi segder neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r; (aar-dur

serign segder una(ad 14r; kiten segder unau 16r; (urban in-e arban nigen arban isn

qorin dolo(an tngri-yin segder sayin 49v; niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged

niiged qubi segder neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r.

sni night: sni 38v; nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r; edr sni

sau(uu bolumui 5v; sni arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged

neiged mi-ber nemek ba 5v; ba(uraqu-bar edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v; edr

ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v; qoyar deb-dr edrsni sau(uu bolu(san 6r;

qoyar deb-dr edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; n un bolbasu qoyar sara-dur edr sni

teng iu un bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r;

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r; edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin

qoyar qubi 9r, 17r; edr sni qubi sau(u bol- 10r, 16r; edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin

naiman qubi 11r, 15r; edr (uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r; edr (uin

ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r; edr qorin drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi

1294
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

19r; ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r; sni dli 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r,

40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v; tong sni 42v; nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 6r;

(aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; nara ingge arban alqum

nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge [. . .] ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; edr

sni-yin a( mi-yin qubi 2v; edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v;

sni-yin dli 38v.

aji [Ch. xia zhi]; the summer solstice (see Mathews, 2521.18 (p. 372)); nara umar-a g

odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r; edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6v.

im [Ch. ren/jen (Mathews 3100)]; the 9th heavenly stem; the Mongolian transcription

reflects the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the term, which had a final -m; for the same

transcription in the Uygur Turfan documents, see Rachmati, 304: ding im yile 7v; ding im

edr 7v; im baras sara 7v; im baras a( 7v; im luu sara 7v; im luu a( 7v; im morin sara

7v; im morin a( 7v; im bein sara 7v; im bein a( 7v; im noqai sara 7v; im noqai a(

7v; im qulu(an-a ; im qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; im gi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r.

in/ing [Ch. xin/hsin (Mathews 2739)]; the 8th Heavenly stem: in 52r; bing in yile 7v;

in taulai sara 7v; in mo(ai sara 7v; in qonin sara 7v; in takiy-a sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v;

in ker sara 7v; bing in edr 7v; in taulai a( 7v; in mo(ai a( 7v; in qonin a( 7v; in

takiy-a a( 7v; in (aqai a( 7v; in ker a( 7v; ging in<g> 41r/ging in 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r.

1295
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

in-e/ini [Uy. yang]; the first; used in calendars after each of the first ten days, indicating

the first part of the month; see Rachmati, 291: nigen in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 50r, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v; qoyar in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v; (urban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39r, 39r,

40r, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50v; drben in-e 8v, 9v, 10v,

11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v;

tabun in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r,

43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; ir(u(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v,

50v, 50v; dolo(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 40r,

41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50v; naiman in-e 8v,

9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r,

47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v; isn in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 54r; arban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v; nigen inede 2r, 7r, 17r, 40r; (urban

inede 44r; drben inede 14r; tabun inede 40r; ir(u(an inede 38v, 44r; dolo(an in-e-

de/inede/inide 8r, 11r, 51v; naiman inede 38v, 38v, 39v, 44r, 56v; isn inede 40r; sarayin

inede 37r, 37v, 52r; ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu 3v; drben ini-ee

1296
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

arban tabun krtel-e 13r; isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e; inein nigen 41v;

inein/in-e-yin qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 53r, 56v; inein/in-e-yin (urban 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 53r,

56v; inein drben 38r, 44v; inein/in-e-yin tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 56v; inein ir(u(an

38r, 38r; inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r; inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r; inein

isn 39v, 41v; inein/in-e-yin arban 38r, 38r, 56v.

inele- to celebrate the New Year: Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(au inelegsen-ee ekilen

to(olau 2v; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v; il ur(uqui-yin

terign-dr inelek inu 3r; ineleki sara 2r; in-e nabi uquyiqui-dur inelemi 3r;

Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r; Mig sar-a-i qaburun

terign sar-a bol(au inelemi 3r; [Jayitari] sara-i a(-un krdin-dr il-n terign bol(an

inelemi 10r.

iroi odun Saturn; Saturday: iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au nigen inede iroi odun-iyar

ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki

terigten Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk

(aar-un ein- gara( bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r; iroi odun kcn

tegs-n a( 24r.

1297
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iu [1. Ch. qiu/chiu (Mathews 1227)]; autumn, fall; 2. [Ch. shou (Mathews 5837); Mong.

quriya(i]; to gather in, put away; the 10th of the twelve lords of the day: Qoyar sara-dur edr

sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; iu quriya(i edr 36v.

tabun il five items; the lustrum; after five solar years of 366 days, the sun and moon have

completed a nearly whole number of sidereal revolutions, the former 5, the latter 67; over that

period they have come into conjunction 62 times, for which reason a lustrum comprises 62

synodic months, each reckoned at 29 16/31 solar days but artificially divided into 30 lunar

days (Vogel, 232-233); Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer

ta(alal inu tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v.

Tabun sara the fifth month: 12r, 12r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v.

tabun in-e the fifth day of the month: 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v,

18v. 19v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r; in-e-

yin (inein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r, 56v.

Takiy-a a( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v; ki takiy-a a( 7v; ii takiy-a a( 7v;

ding takiy-a a( 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; in takiy-a a( 7v.

Takiy-a edr 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; takiy-a quriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

1298
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Takiy-a il Cock year: 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; takiy-a ilten 24r, 54v.

Takiy-a sara Cock month: 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; ki takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a

sara 7v; gi takiy-asara 7v; in takiy-a sara 7v.

tariyain 1. farmer; peasant; tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r; 2. the Chinese peasant

calendar; the calendar of the twenty-four joints and breath, which gives the changes in climate

necessary for farmers to plant and harvest their crops. See Palmer, T'ung Shu, 64; tariyain-

dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

tasura- extracalation, i.e., to cut out days of the calendar: tasuraqu bolbasu tere edr

qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v; endegrelgegy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeki kereg 4v;

qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a 3v; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki

3v; qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin ma(u ai r-

e inu l bty 4r; ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui. ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-

ee ileg qono(gei bui. tegber ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r; umar-a g odqui-dur nara

keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad

(urba(ad qono( sa(umui. tegni qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu

gei-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememi 4r; arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur

tasuramui 4r; arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r; in-e-dr inu edr l

tasuraqu 3v; qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v; tasuraqu bolbasu tere edr qono( tasura(san-i

uqa(daqui 3v; ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bgetel-e 3v; qono( tasuraqui 3r, 3r; ir(u(an

1299
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r; nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono(

tasuraqui 3v; qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 4r.

Taulai a( Hare hour: 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; ding taulai a( 7v;

gi taulai a( 7v; in taulai a( 7v; ki taulai a( 7v; ii taulai a( 7v; un-u (urban sar-a

Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r

Taulai edr Hare day: 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v;

Taulai edr tngri-yin (al 9r; Taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu ed a(urasun nemek sayin

46v; taulai iledki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v

Taulai il Hare year: 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v;

Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; taulai ilten 22r, 54r, 54v; taulai ilt 53r, 54r,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r.

Taulai sara Hare month: 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg

bolumui 3r; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; in taulai sara 7v; ki taulai sara 7v; ii taulai

sara 7v; Tbed-dr Taulai sara 9r.

tediken (qubi) the common qubi; a unit of time = 48 minutes (S. muhrta): nigen

dusul qoyar qubi nigen tediken kememi 5v; edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v; sni arban

tabun tediken qubi 5v; edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v.

1300
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

teng iu un [Ch. deng/teng equal (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893)); Ch. qiu/chiu autumn

(Mathews, 1227 (p. 176)); Ch. zhong/chung middle (Mathews, 1504 (p. 213))]; the middle

month of autumn, i.e., the autumnal equinox; Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un bolbasu

6r.

terig(n) head; first: terign 52v, 55v; qaburun terign sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; qaburun

terign Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; un-u terign sara 10r, 11r;

un-u terign ista sar-a 12r; namurun terign sara 13r, 14r; namurun terign burvabadaribad

sara 15r; ebln terign sara 16r, 17r; ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; il-n terign 3r, 10r;

eng terign gan 5r, 5r; grgesn(-) terign 26r, 59v; mo(ay-yin terign 27r, 59v; a(an-u

terign 29v, 31r, 59v, 59v; morin terign 32v; odun-u terign 33r; odud-un terign Kerteg bui

33r; un-u terign 41r; ebln terign 41r; qaburun terign 41r; namurun terign 41r; drben

terign sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; a(an baras-un terign 49r; noqai terign 49v; krgegi-yin

terign 52v; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign inu 55r; un-u (urban sarada<n> terign inu

55r; namurun (urban sarada terign inu 55r; ebln (urban sarada terign inu 55r; ima(an-u

terign 59v; morin-u terign 59v; drben terign odun 61v; il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr

inelek inu 3r; kke luu-yin terign-dr mr (arbasu 49r; terign-dr ger buu bari 55r;

drben terign sarayin terign-i qara 41r; noqai terigt 55r; grgesn- qan-u terign-

sn 30r.

to(ta(i [Ch. ding/ting, to fix; settle, arrange, decide, (Mathews 6393)]; the one that

decides, arranges; 5th of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i

1301
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi

qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; ding to(ta(i edr 36r.

tong sni in the middle of the night; Kgeler sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai edr tong sni gimi

42v.

tbidkegi [Ch. ping/ping, to level, (Mathews 5303)]; the one that levels; the 4th of the

twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v; ping

tbidkegi edr 36r.

t[g]igi [Ch. wei dangerous, perilous (Mathews 7056)]; the one that trembles in fear;

8th of the twelve lords of the day: mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi

to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui

35v; i t[g]igi edr 36v.

urida former; formerly: urida 38v, 39r, 41r; sar-a-u urida nggeriged mar(ada-yin

(ada(adu na(idar 3v; arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui. arim sar-a-

dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r; ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v; ereg

mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r.

uridu former; formerly: uridu 6v, 32v, 32v, 59v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin

tula arban drben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben me mn

edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; din dolo(an on-du saban gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i

tegi egdeki 6v.

1302
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

urtu long (time): edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v; nasun urtu bolqu 45v, 57v;

kbegn trbes ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu 32r.

urtud- to last a long time; become longer: urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v; edr sni

urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r; ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r;

un-u nara bayiqu egn-ee qoyin-a [ni] ulam urtuddumui 6v.

Usun odun the water star; Mercury; Wednesday: 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r.

usun(-u) galab the kalpa of water (33r, 33r).

uu [Ch. wu (Mathews 7197)]; the 5th Heavenly stem: uu gi yile 7v; uu gi edr 7v; im

baras sara 7v; im baras a( 7v; im luu sara 7v; im luu a( 7v; im morin sara 7v; im

morin a( 7v; im bein sara 7v; im bein a( 7v; im noqai sara 7v; im noqai a( 7v; im

qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; uu gii/jii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

dei evening: dei idei eren gimi 40r; dei x 40r; d[e]i-yin a(-dur ed-iyen baraqu

ma(u bui 56v.

i [Ch. wei (Mathews 7056); Mong. tgigi]; dangerous; perilous; 8th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui

35v; i t[g]igi edr 36v.

1303
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ker a( Ox hour: 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding ker a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v;

in ker a( 7v; ki ker a( 7v; ii ker a( 7v.

ker (edr) Ox day: 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r,

37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v,

9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v], 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v.

ker il Ox year: 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; ker

ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v;ker ilten 54r, 54v.

ker sara Ox month: 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e ker sara-dur

arban tabungei 3v; ding ker sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; in ker sara 7v; ki ker sara 7v; ii

ker sara 7v; Tbedn-dr ker sar-a 19r.

rglide always: rglide 52v; saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin

ma(u ai r-e inu l bty 4r; egride-yin uiral-iyar rglide ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r.

yeke sar-a a great month, i.e., a month with a full thirty days; contrast ba(-s sara and

ken sar-a; yeke sar-a 51v, 53r; ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a 6v; sara yeke bges

51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r; saras-un yeke ken-i irek bges 7r.

yile year; written not as Mongolian il; the use of Manchu initial y is not found in

Mongolian orthography before the 19th century and in the case of this term its use is not

1304
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

justified by the spoken language; cf. ile in the Erdeni Tobi (Sa(ang Secen 1991: 102-103):

a yii [=i] yile 7v; ii geng yile 7v; bing in yile 7v; ding im yile 7v; uu gi yile 7v.

yuu sui [Ch. yu rain; Ch. shui water]; constant rain; the second of the twenty-four joints

and breaths, occurring about February 19 to March 4; when the day begins at 6:53 a.m. and

ends at 6:14 p.m. (see Mathews, 7662.16 (p. 1147) and Palmer, 66); ene on uu [=yuu] sui 7r.

WEATHER/NATURAL PHENOMENA

a(ur [Ch. qi] n. steam, vapor; breath; pneuma; atmosphere; a weather term; the 24 joints and

breaths (Palmer 1986: 64-66; Ho 1966: 53-54); il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r; edr sni-

yin a(ur 5v; qabur namarun a(ur basa tegnilen bolumui 6r; tngri (aar-un qorin drben

a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r; sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-gei bges tere saban sara

bolumui 6v; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r;

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad 13r; (aar-tur qala(un-u

a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r; drben a(-un a(ur oroqu 59v.

boro(an rain; boro(an orobasu sken bolqu 61r; boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg 61r;

boro(an orobasu basa oro- 61v, 61v, 61v.

brk- to become cloudy; to cover; envelop: o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v.

asu(n) snow: asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r; (aar tal-a dken asun bolumui

19r.

1305
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

n/un [Ch. chun spring] (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)); n un bolbasu 6r; qoyitu on li

un 7r.

n un [Ch. chun spring (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)) and Ch. zhong middle (Mathews,

1504 (p. 213))]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; n un bolbasu 6r.

dula(an warm: (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur

oromui 9r; (aar-dur dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r; arban drben-e asu ese orobasu ebl

dula(an bolqu 19r.

ebl winter: asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r; Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr

inelemi 3r; ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r; ebln nara bayiqu 6r; tariyain-dur ebln

terign sara 16r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln terign sar-a 17r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r;

ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v; tariyain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur

ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a

19r; ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln

es Mig sara 8r; tariyain-dur ebln es sar-a 18r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln es sar-a

19r; ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r; ebln (urban sara 42r, 55r; ebln (urban

sarada ker Mo(ai Noqai a( qara bolumui 42r; qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n

edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle 59r.

eglen clouds: o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v.

1306
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(aar kdel- for the earth to move, i.e., an earthquake (25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r,

27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v,

32r, 32r, 37r).

(ang drought: (ang bolqu 12r, 17r, 25r; (a'ng bolqu 61r.

ges- to melt; thaw: (aar usun m gesmi 9r.

okira- to be agreeable, e.g., of weather: il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r.

ud natural disaster; starvation; loss of livestock: nara sara kirtbes yeke ud bolumui 25v.

un summer: qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i igerle

59r; tariyain-dur un-u terign sara 10r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u terign sar-a 11r;

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign ista sar-a 12r; un-u terign r-e tasulu(i

41r; Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r; qara

Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u

dumdadu sar-a 13r; un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; tariyain-dur un-u es sara qara 12r;

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u es sara 13r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es

Abiji sara 14r; un-u es r-e tasulu(i 41r; un-u nara bayiqu 6v; un-u naran bayiqu a(

12r; un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 55r; un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r.

kke- to become green, i.e., of plants in the springtime: Mig sara ebesn- ndsn

kkemi 2r.

kiten cold: kiten segder unau ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r; kiten- a(ur oromui 17r;

yeke kiten- a( bolumui 17r.

1307
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

li un [Ch. li to fixand chun/chun spring (Mathews 3921a.34]; beginning of spring; first

of the twenty-four joints and breaths, about February 5-18 (see also Palmer, 66); qoyitu on li

un 7r.

mndr hail: mndr oro(ulbasu 32r; mndr buu oro(ul 34v; mndr oro(ulqui

terigten aliba do(in ile iledbes 39r.

namur autumn: tariyain-tur namurun terign sara 13r; qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun

terign sar-a 14r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun terign Burvabadaribad sara

15r; namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r; namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v; Morin il-

dr namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; tariyain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r; Kitad-un

to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun

dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; namurun dumdadu gegreglegi 41r; tariyain-dur namurun

es sar-a 15r; Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun eus sar-a 16r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-

dr namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r; namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r; qabur

namarun a(ur 6r; namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r; qabur namurun qu(usun ebln til-n

edr bolai 59r.

dken asun heavy snow: (aar tal-a dken asun bolumui 19r.

qabur spring: qabur namarun a(ur 6r; qabur namurun qu(us 59r; qaburun terign sara 2r,

2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r, 41r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; qaburun ekin Baras sar-a Lii-du

ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v; qaburun ekin 7r;

qaburun terign Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r, 41r; qaburun dumdadu

1308
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Jayitari sara 3r, 10r; qaburun es sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v; qaburun es ua( sara 11r;

qaburun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r.

qala(un hot: (aar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r;

ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn iddlan idemi 19r; qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad kiten-

a(ur oromui 17r.

qorin drben a(ur a( [Ch. ershisi jieqi; Tib. dus-tshigs nyer-bzhi]; the twenty-four joints

and breaths; meteorological phases of the solar year. Of these the manual mentions X, Y. For

discussion and listing of these weather terms, see Palmer, 64-66; tngri (aar-un qorin drben

a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r.

qur-a rain: 17r, 26r; sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad 1v; qur-a (ese) orobasu 11r, 12r,

13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v; sken qur-a 11r, 14r; qur-a elbeg 61r.

salkin wind: qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r; yeke salkin bolqu 14r, 15r;

salkin-u a( ekilemi 8r.

serign cool: (aar-dur serign segder una(ad 14r.

irge- to evaporate: usun irgey 30r.

iu [1. Ch. qiu/chiu (Mathews 1227)]; autumn, fall; 2. [Ch. shou (Mathews 5837)]; to

gather in, put away; Mong. quriya(i; the 10th of the twelve lords of the day: Qoyar sara-dur

edr sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu

ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v; iu quriya(i edr 36v.

una- to fall (of things, weather): qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r; (aar-dur serign segder

una(ad 14r; kiten segder unau 16r; tamu-dur unamu 32r.

1309
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sken (qur-a) drizzle (see DO, 764a); sken qur-a oromui 11r; sken qur-a-yin a( 14r;

boro(an orobasu sken bolqu 61r.

yilig [Uy. yilig]; hot, warm, (see Clausons dictionary, p. 925); yilig 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 12v, 13v, 16v.

yuu sui [Ch. yu rain; Ch. shui water]; constant rain; the second of the twenty-four joints

and breaths, occurring about February 19 to March 4; when the day begins at 6:53 a.m. and

ends at 6:14 p.m. (see Mathews, 7662.16 (p. 1147) and Palmer, 66); ene on uu [=yuu] sui 7r.

AGRICULTURE

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND NOMADIC LIFE

ada(ula- v.t. to tend cattle: qonin ada(ula(san kmn 4v.

adu(usun/ada(usun/adusun n. [S. tryak; Tib. byol-song]; animal, animals, livestock;

animals are one of the six forms of existence; see RRS, 126; ada(usun abubasu 21v; adusun

abubasu 22v; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ada(usun

srglebes 21v; adu(usun s[]rglebes 32r; adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v; adu(usun

sal(an srglebes 36r; ada(usun/adu(usun ibqarabasu 22r, 27r; ada(usun ba ed ibqarabasu

23r; ed ada(usun/adu(usun ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ada(usun gbes 23r,

26v; adu(usun gbes 30r; ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v; eremdeg-dr ada(usun gbes 31r;

ed adu(usun nemey 25v; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun buu g 26r; ed

adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; adu(usun quriyabasu 26v; adu(usun ba okin gbes abubasu 29v;

(aar kdelbes adu(usun trglten-dr ma(u 31r; mal adu(usun gbes 31v; kmn-e

1310
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

adu(usun gbes 36v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r; adu(usun gki iles

46r; adu(usun sr dalalbasu 46v; kebili-tr adu(usun buu ab 55r; ada(usun olqu 58r;

du(usun qudalduqui 61v; (aar kdelbes adu(usun-dur ma(u 31r; adu(usun-dur qoor

qoromi yeke boluyu 38r; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; adu(usun-i in-e

kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r; adu(usun-i srglebes 37r; mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa(

mr (arbasu 24r; ada(usun-u sr dalalbasu 31r.

aar(-a stallion; aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua

talbibasu 35r.

aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel or bull; according

to a native informant, Ts. Baatar, when the breeding males are selected from a herd there is

a special rite performed over them. Likely it is not only the selection of the animals but the

rite, itself, referred to here (25r, 25r, 26r);

aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu if one picks out a stallion, bull camel, bull or ram

(35r).

bariy-a fetters; a rope for holding oxen or cows by the horns: bariy-a kriy-e d uaraqu

50r.

buq-a bull: aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; buq-a talbibasu 28r; aar(-a buur-a

buq-a qua talbibasu 35r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi

50v.

buura bull camel: aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua

talbibasu 35r.

1311
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

emegel saddle: morin dobtulbasu morin inu ky. ese bges emegel qa(arayu 35r.

es( fermented mares milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249): suuli [=sauli]

sauqu es( [=esg] ula(-un negegemel edr 60v.

ele rope stretched along the ground to which tethers for cattle are attached (Lessing, 1045);

qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v.

ele-yin (adasun picket post, tethering post; to see this picket post and its use in ritual, cf.

Chabros, illus. 9; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v.

ud natural disaster; starvation; loss of livestock: nara sara kirtbes yeke ud bolumui 25v.

kebtein shelter, e.g., for animals: adu(usun-i in-e kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r; mal in-

e kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v.

mal livestock: ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v; ed mal ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v,

26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v; mal

adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun

buu g 26r; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 31r; mal gbes 28r, 32r, 34v,

36r, 36v; mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 29r; mal qudaldubasu 29v; ed mal abubasu 30r; temdegt

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 31r; mal adu(usun gbes 31v; ed mal gbes 31v; mal in-e

kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v; mal srglebes 37r; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i

(ar(abasu 43r; ed mal gbes abubasu 43v; qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r; ed mal olqu

50r; mal ibqaqu 50v; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ede deged beri bui r-e mal delgerek sayin

52r; ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r; ed mal l (ar(amui 60v; mal-i ber-e sal(abasu 36v.

mori(n) horse; one of the twelve animals:

1312
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Morin sara 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Morin il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

55v, 58v; morin ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ilten 54v; Mori(n)

edr 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v; Morin a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v; a(an mori una(san 4v; igerde morin

22v; egerde qalan morin una(san 4v; igerde morin unuu 21v; qong(or morin unu- 4v, 24v,

24v; kke boro mori unu(san 5r; kke morin unau 23v; qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v;

kl morin unuu 23r; king morin sara 7v; im morin sara 7v; a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara

7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin a( 7v; im morin a( 7v; a morin a( 7v; bing morin a(

7v; uu morin a( 7v; morin ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r; morin (aar 12r; morin qudaldubasu

25r, 31r, 31r, 31v; a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu 25r;

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31v, 34v; a(al morin sur(abasu 29r; morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v,

30v, 31v, 35r; morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin inilebes 27v; morin gbes 31v; drben

odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui

32r; morin (inu) ky 34r, 35r; erekei-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin

unuu 39v; morin met 59v; morin-dur ma(u 41r; morin-u 59r, 59r; unuqu morin-u s 52v;

morin-u terign met 59v; keger-e moritu kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v.

1313
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

negdel/negdel nomadizing; transhumanance; move; travel: yeke negdel yabubasu

41v; negdel negbes 44r; ereg ba negdel buu od 58v.

nitul- to kill, slaughter, esp. of animals: nitulqui-tur duritu 32r; alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes

28r.

nutu(la- to move to a new place: in-e nutuglabasu 41v.

qayinu( A cross breed between yaks and cattle; qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r; qayinu(-dur

unuu 24r.

qoni(n) sheep: qoni(n) 59r; qonin ada(ula(san 4v; in qonin sara 7v; ki qonin sara 7v;

ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; in qonin a( 7v; ki qonin a( 7v; ii

qonin a( 7v; ding qonin a( 7v; gi qonin a( 7v; qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; Qonin a( 10r, 50r, 51r; Qoni(n) (edr) 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r,

18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Qonin sara 13r, 13r, 40r,

40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; qonin

addu(ad tar(u giiu 13r; qonin (aar-a 15r; Qonin il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ilten 22r, 54r, 54v;

qonin abasu 27r; qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui

33r; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i Asli( buyu 33v; a(an qonin igs-ber takibau l

oyiiyamu kemeki 60v; nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san 10r.

qoniin shepherd: qoniin-i eribes 35r.

1314
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoriy-a/qoriyan enclosure; corral: qoriyan bosqabasu 42v; qoriy-a baribasu 42v, 48r; tngri-

yin qoriyan-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

qoromi loss: qoor qoromi 41r; Naran 'al iroi ed[e]n-dr adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi

yeke boluyu 38r; Nara odun-dur ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r.

qua ram: aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu 35r.

qura(ala- to lamb: qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r.

quria/qurai/quraa- to love passionately; to rut (of animals): noqai quraiu

[=quriau] 16r; arsalan quraimui 14r; takiy-a qoriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v; ker quriaqui sar-a 11r; qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r.

sur(a- to train an animal: morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31r, 34v; una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r;

ker sur(abasu 28v; a(al morin sur(abasu 29r.

srg herd: adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v.

srgle- to herd: ada(usun srglebes 21v, 32r; adu(usun-i srglebes 37r; qoni

yama(-a srglebes 31v; adu(usun sal(an srglebes 36r; mal srglebes 37r.

tar(ul- to fatten up: morin qulan terigten tar(ulu 12r.

temdeg mark; brand: temdegt adu(usun gbes 30r; kmn-e temdegt mal (ada(i

(ar(abasu 31r.

una(an foal: una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r; (aar-dur serign segder una(ad qulan una(an-

iyan teliyemi 14r.

1315
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ker ox; one of the twelve animals: ker sara 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui

bgetel-e ker sara-dur arban tabungei 3v; ding ker sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; in ker sara

7v; ki ker sara 7v; ii ker sara 7v; Tbedn-dr ker sar-a 19r; ker a( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding ker a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v; in ker a( 7v; ki ker a( 7v; ii ker

a( 7v; ker (edr) 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r, 37r,

37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; ker il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; ker ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v; ker ilten

54r, 54v; ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v],

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; itgen-

eke ker (aar-a 9r; ker unu(san 5r; qoyar yaba(an ker unu(sun [. . .] kmn 4v; ker-n

ger nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san 11r; nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui

sar-a bui 11r; ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r; ker sur(abasu 28v; ker abubasu

31v; tariyan taribasu ker ky 34r; nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen

ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v; Qulu(an-a ker-lu(-a [=ker-lge] Nara Saran

'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu 46r; noqai ilt-yi kert buu g 54v; ker-n 59r; ker

sar-a mn- tula. ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn iddlan idemi 19r; ker-n sn mr

(arbasu ma(u 49r.

niy-e cow: niyen- 59r.

1316
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

yama(-a/yama(an/ima(an goat: qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v; yama(an-u eber 21v;

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli e 42v; ima(an-u 59r; ima(an-u terign met 59v.

FARMING

a(ur tegerm-e n. mortar mill; a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; see G. Kara, 1979:

198; 1984: 349.

a(urqai mine; granary, silo; nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i (odun) 33r,

33v; a(urqai bulabasu 42v; a(urqai erbes 42v.

buudai wheat; buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 10r.

isn il tariyan nine kinds of grains. Various kinds of grains are listed in Srkzi's BTD,

5646-5670, pp. 386-387. The Vaidrya dKar-po mentions seven kinds of crops used in ritual

(TEDP, 216); five kinds of grain are mentioned in the Zhiyuan yiyu/Tche-yuan yi-yu (Ligeti

and Kara, 1990: 267-268); there is a also a Chinese constellation, the eight grains (bagu/pa-ku

[Schlegel 1967: 378]): isn il tariyan 30r, 31r.

ani- 1. to beat, hit, punish; 2. to thresh, i.e., grain: isn il tariyan-i anibasu 30r; edr

kmn-i l qariyaqu aniqu 57v; Noqai edr noqai l teigek l alaqu l aniqu 58r.

krngge seed: tariyan-u krngge (aar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu 46v;

krngge saaqu [=sauqu] 48r.

nitul- to kill, slaughter, esp. of animals: nitulqui-tur duritu 32r; alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes

28r.

qadu- to harvest: qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r.

1317
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qadu(ur/qada(ur [Tib. dgra zor]; the sickle (cf. ODT,16); ebdegi edrn belge inu

qada(ur bui 20v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v; belge inu qara

qada(ur 43v; ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v; ir(u(an qada(ur odun 33v; ir(u(an qada(ur

odun Anurad buyu 34r; isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; oroi-

ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

sau- to scatter; sprinkle: r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r; tariyan saubasu

22r, 30v; usun sau(ad 21v; miq-a-yi mungnau sau(ad 22r; boskil sauu 24r; krngge

saaqu [=sauqu] 48r; suuli [=sauli] sauqu 60v; r-e sauqui 45v.

sang 1. ?; 2. [Ch. tsang (Mathews 6707)]; a treasury; granary: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang

neret sudur 2v; k sang negebes 22v, 36r, 37r; k sang-un ger baribasu 25v; k sang-un

ger bosqabasu 30r; k sang bari(i odun 59r; sang negebes 36r; sang l negek 35v; sang

negegek 48r; sang quriyang(ui mr (arbasu ma(u 49r; degreng sang mr (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin sang 49v; tngri-yin sang-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r; dolo(an orong(-a-du

tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; sang-un ger

bosqabasu 36v.

sebeg wicker basket: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r.

suba( ditch, trench, canal: suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r; usun suba( tatabasu 36r; suba(

asabasu 42r.

tari- to sow, plant: tariyan buu tari 33v; modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r; modun iig taribasu

35v, 36r; tariyan taribasu 24v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan

1318
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ceig taribasu 36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v;

tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v.

tariyala- to cultivate the soil: tariyan tariyalabasu 10r.

tariyalang arable land; field: tariyalang-un (aar qudalduqui . . .iles 45v.

tariyain 1. farmer; peasant; tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r; 2. the Chinese peasant

calendar; the calendar of the twenty-four joints and breath, which gives the changes in climate

necessary for farmers to plant and harvest their crops. See Palmer, T'ung Shu, 64; tariyain-

dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

tariyan grain; crop: tariyan 26v; deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v; r-e

tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; tariyan-u krngge (ajar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur

krngge orkibasu 46v; tariyan tariyalabasu 10r; tariyan-u ile iledbes 14r; qamu( iba(un

tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r; qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; qamu( tariyan

tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; tariyan saubasu 22r, 30v; tariyan taribasu 23v, 27v, 28v,

29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v; tariyan seig taribasu

36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r; isn il tariyan-i

anibasu 30r; isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r; r-e tariyan gbes 30r; tariyan-u ebesn

tegbes 30v, 41r; tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i (odun) 33r, 33v; tariyan buu tari 33v;

tariyan buu g. 34r; tariyan-u (aar olqu 46v; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad 58r.

tariyan tmsn field crops: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

tata(al aqueduct, small canal, ditch: tata(al usun tatabasu 12r.

1319
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tegerme/tegerm-e mill: tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; a(ur

tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 37r; a(ur tegerme bosqabasu 36v.

teg- to pick; gather: tariyan-u ebesn tegbes 30v, 42r; tariyain-u ebes tegki a(

12r.

tms(n) bulbous plants: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

usun tegerme water mill: usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r.

r-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: ai r-e inu l bty 4r; ai r-e inu mai

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu

mai sayin bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v; ai r-e btk 46r; r-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; r-e tariyan gbes 30r; r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

29v, 32r; r-e sauqui 45v; r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-

tei bol(a(i odun 33r; r-e-gei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i 33r, 33v; r-e

tasulu(i (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; r-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; r-e inu

l bayimui 34v; r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r; r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; r-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; r-e mal delgerek sayin 52r; r-e uqa( 52r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun

33r; to(an-u a'i r-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggi iglbe 1v; ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

r-e tariyan produce (i.e. of agriculture): r-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; r-e

tariyan gbes 30r.

1320
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

HUNTING AND FISHING

aba morda- to set off on a hunt: niru(un-tur erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v.

igrde- to catch fish by groping for them in the water: i(asun igrdebes 36v.

PERSONAL NAMES

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna [S. Ngrjuna; Tib. Klu sgrub; Mong. Luus btgsen]; name of the

famous founder of the Mdhyamika school of thinking (2nd cent. A. D.) which posed that

things have no substance, no essence, no independent existence of any kind, but exist only

as aggregates of condition and relations (Lessing, 1177, 1189); Nagajun-a ba(i terigten

merged a(-un krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r; Nagajuna ba(i nomlaba 4r;

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr(arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-[y]i ek

krdn bui 49v; arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal inu busu buyu

kemebes. b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek kiged il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r;

Nagajun-a-yin; arban qoyar itn barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee Nagajun-a-

yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v.

ingq-a sari ?[personal name]; ?the lion throne; perhaps the famous Uygur translator of the

10th century, Sngqu-a Sli Tutung (cf. Elverskog and Zieme); perhaps an epithet of Buddha,

bandida igqua sari the teacher on the lion throne; tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a

sari gler-n 1v.

Yang Gung-ii [=Yang Gung-yii] Yang Gungyi; Mostaert identifies Yang Gung yii in H.

A. Giles, A Chinese Biographical Dictionary, 1898, p. 909, as Iang Koung i, a celebrated

1321
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

astronomer (1225-1294 [MMAD, 34, n. 91]); see also Heissig and Bawden, 1971: 164 (ang

kg kemek edr); arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek anu 47r.

REFERENCES/SOURCES

Abidarm-a [S. abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon]. name of the third section of the Buddhist

basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of the Buddhist scriptures; Mong. ayima( saba

(Lessing, 1159); deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal the tenets of the supreme Abhidharma (2v).

Altan gerel the Suvarnaprabhsa-stra; Altan gerel ungi 42v.

arvis tarni [S.. vidy mantra]; sacred spell; magic spell (Lessing, 1161); see also MSD,

35; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

Ayui-yin nom the dharma of Ayushi; Aparimityurhynastra: see Raghu Vira, BSD,

45; RRS, 636; Ayui-yin nom ungiqui [. . .] iles-dr sayin 45v.

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn the tantra of Vajradkin; Banjar dagini-yin ndsn 3r.

Bandida inq-a Sari ?personal name, quoted 1v.

a(-un krdn [S. klacakra]; wheel of time; this is the Klacakratantra, the main source

of Tibetan mathematics and time reckoning; see Lessing, 1174 under kyrdyn; the wheel of

time is a simple instrument for obtaining, by observation, the suns altitude and zenith

distance; its simply a wheel, suspended by a string, graduated to degrees, having its lowest

point and the extremities of its horizontal diameter marked, and with a projecting peg at the

center; when used, its edge is turned toward the sun, so that the shadow of the peg falls upon

1322
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

the graduated periphery, and the distances of the point where it meets the latter from the

horizontal and lowest points of the wheel respectively are the required altitude and zenith

distance of the sun; from these the time may be derived (Burgess 1859: 37-39, 261, 407);

a(-un krdn 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r; a(-un krdin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

Dlb-a the Vinaya section of the Kanjur (3v [see RRS, 677]).

Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn the ri-cakrasamvara-tantarja, cf. Ligeti (1944): 19. see

also KOT, 13; Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn 2v.

irken tarni the Heart dharani; cf. RRS, 427, 616; irken tarni uribasu 25v.

Keriy-e-yin ndsn the Crow Tantra (56v). There are several texts that deal with crow

behavior. One is in the Tanjur in the sutra section called in Sanskrit Kakajariti (On the

sounds of the crow), vol. 123, fol. 221, Narthang edition. For its English translation, see

Berthold Laufer, TP 15 (1914): 1-110. See also Loewe and Blacker, eds., 22.

Lii du ting sang ?a Chinese astrological text; Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur-dur

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v.

Manjuari-[yin] ndsn The Majurmlatantra: Enedk[e]g-ee ori(ulu(san

Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r.

Maq-a maya[y-yin] ndsn The Mahmyatantra-nma; cf. Newman, p. 402; burqan

bodis[n]g-nar a(-un krdn ba. Jagr-a sambur-a terigten kiged Maq-a mayai Manjuari-

aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v.

1323
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin sudur Mlamadhyamakakrik; Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged

a(-un krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r.

Naran-u irken neret sudur The heart of the sun sutra; S. Sryagarbhastra (cf. MSD,

310; Ligeti (1944): 272; Mongolian Kanjur, vol. 82, folio 125v-313v, p. 250-626; na(idar

anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar

tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v.

kgsed-n nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary text.

See the term kgsed, a plural form of kgsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Srkzi 1989: 320]).

CULTURE

DEATH AND BURIAL

abdara n. trunk, chest; kger-n abdara (coffin): kger-n abdara kibes 37r.

bulai something buried; place where something is buried; grave: bulai bulabasu 21v;

bulai buu bula 34v.

kegr/kegr corpse: kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r;

kegr oroi(ulbasu 35v, 43v; kegr-n nke met 59v.

k- to die: kbes 28v, 29r, 30r; kmn kbes 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v,

41v; nara sara kbes 27r, 32r; qorin naiman nasun-a ese kbes iran nasulayu 61v;

kgsen-dr buyan iledbes 22v, 29v; kgsen-tr tlii gbes 29r; okin kmn kgsen-i

sonostaqu 57v; teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu 31r; kgsen kmn 24v;

1324
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes 26v; kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r; kgsen kmn-

yasun tleki 27r; kgsen kmn-d(r) buyan iledbes 31r, 32r; kgsen kmn-i

[=kmn-] yasun (ar(abasu 35v; kgsen kmn-e ya(um-a kibes 44r; amidu ba kgsen

qoyar-un ile 29v; kk edr 27v; kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r;

ulus-un noyan kk 27v; usun-dur kk aya(atu bui 31r; ein inu kk 35r; ereg-n

noyan kk 40r; beri ba(ul(abasu kk 40r; kmn kk 40r, 41r; irken met amara(

kbegn kk 42r; bey-e inu kk 50r, 50r; ede kk beri bui ma(u 52r; em-e abubasu

qa(aiqu kk ma(u bui 53r; arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk mai ma(u edr bui

53v; qan kmn tr kk odun 59r; kmn kk ger baribasu 60r; a(u qono(-du kk

60r; telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r; degerkei sedkilten kmi 28v;

kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l okildun bo(ou kmi 30v; (aar kdelbes usun

elbeg bolu amitan usun-dur kmi 31v; kmn ky 26r, 43r; ir(u(an kmn ky 25r;

kbegn trbes eige inu ky 29v; ker ky 34r; morin (inu) ky 34r, 35r; burqan-u

ein mese-dr ky 34v

kger corpse: kger qara arudasun odun 59r; kger-i nomo(adqabasu 46v; kger-n

qan ada adalamui 26r; kger-n snesn 35v; kger-n yasun asabasu 36v; kger-n

abdara kibes 37r; kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v.

kgr-n idkd the demons of a corpse; cf. Mostaert DO, 548b and MMAD, 35, n. 92;

kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v.

1325
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kgsed the dead; those who have died: kgsed-dr buyan iledbes 21v, 25v, 30v;

kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r; kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu tlii gbes 28v; kgsed-n

nom 60v.

kgsed-dr tlii g- to offer a commemoration for the dead; see RRS, 616; kgsed-dr

tlii buu g 26r.

kgsed-n nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary text.

See the term kgsed, a plural form of kgsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Srkzi 1989: 320]).

kl death: kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r; kln een 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; ker kln een 8r; kl-n na(idar 30v; kl-n segl 41r; kl-n segl

tasulbasu 32r; kl-n segl l tasuriyu 34r; usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui 46r;

kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r; kl-n yasun ek ile 57r; Burvabalguni

irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v.

kln een [S. Yama; Tib. gshin rje]; the lord of death; Erlig, Tib. gshin rje, for Yama,

ruler of the underworld, is also known as kln ejin "Lord of Death"; see ODT, 82; kln

een 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

yasu(n) bone: qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki met 59v;

yasutu menekey-yin krmeli 60r; kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 30v, 35v;

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr 27r; kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu 28v; yasun (ar(abasu

30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v; yasun buu (ar(-a ((ar(abasu) 33v, 34r, 43r, 55r;

kmn- yasun bulabasu 32r; kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis

1326
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

buyu 33v; qa(uin kger-n yasun asabasu 36v; eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

kmn- yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r; yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v; kl-

n yasun ek ile bolqu 57r; mr ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v.

KINDS OF PEOPLE

aba(-a n. paternal uncle: eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu if one buries the bones of ones

paternal uncle (42v).

ai grandson, granddaughter; nephew, niece: qula(ayii-yin ai inu i(au ggmi 31v;

kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r; kbegn ainar delgerek 57v; kbegn ainar-i ber-e

sal(abasu 34r.

altain goldsmith; (aar kdelbes altain-a ma(u bui 28v.

anda sworn brother; friend; quda anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; qudda

anda bolulibasu 28r, 28r, 29r, 31r, 32r; quda anda eribes 31r.

aq-a elder brother; elder relative; elder: aq-a yeke kmn 4v; aq-a deg 30r; aqa deg

qoyar kmn uirau i(au ggmi 25v; aq-a deg qoyar teriglen qula(uyu 26r; bombo

aq-a deg qoya(ula i(au ggmi 26r; aq-a kmn- iles-dr sayin 30r.

arad [used as sing. and pl., originally pl. of aran] commoner: bertegin arad nigen

amisqaqu-yin a(uraki 5r; (aar kdelbes yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v; olan arad okiqu

56r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un

erge-dr oro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v; ma(u arad-lu(-a ol(oqu 57r.

aran man, person, commoner: ma(u aran-lu(-a uirabasu 22v.

1327
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ar(-a biligten those possessing skillful means and wisdom (Lessing, 51): (aar kdelbes

ar(-a beligten ber a(uraban ebderem 31v.

arilu(sad those who are purified: (ana gr-d sedkil-n inar arilu(sad 1v.

ari [Tib. drang srong; Skt. rshi]; sage, hermit; (cf. Lessing, 1161); cf. also ODT, 65-66; ari

1v; ari-narun glegsen edrn belge 20r; arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-ii kemek ari-

narun glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek anu 47r.

ba(atur hero: iles-dr mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v;

eskleng-t ba(atur tegs ir(alang-du boluyu 25v.

ba(i a master; learned lama; conjurer; Nagajun-a ba(i 3r, 4r; ba(i kmn-i idker

bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i (odun) 33v, 33v; ba(i on-du l krk 41r; Nagajun-a ba(i-

yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 49v.

balai kmn a blind person: balai kmn-i nidt[e]i bol(a(i 33v.

bandi/bandi [S. vandya one to be saluted]; novice in Buddhist orders; disciple or

famulus of a lama (Lessing, 82): bandi/bandi 22v, 23v, 24r, 26r; ba(ura(san bandi 24v;

bandi bombo kmn 31r.

bandida [S. pandita]; savant: bandida ingq-a sari 1v.

barama ia(ur-tan the caste of the wretched (31v); for various kinds of origins of people

see Srkzi BTD, 276, #3856.

baras met kmn a tiger-like person: baras met kmn erebes 27v.

1328
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

belbesn widow: belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22r; belbesn em-e 25r, 25v, 29v;

belbesn em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; beri abubasu belbesn bolumui 43r; drben belbesn odun

kemebes Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r.

beri/beri bride; for more on Mongolian nuptial rites, see RRS, 564-574; for divinations

concerning marriage in the Vaidrya dKar-po, see TEDP, 194-223: beri/beri ba(ul(a- 22r,

22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r,

31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 53r, 60r; ber'i/beri buu

ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v; okin ber'i gbes 22v, 35v; beri buu g 58v; ber'i/beri ab- 25r, 29r,

30r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 42v, 45v, 52r, 55v; beri/beri buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r; beri abubasu u(tubasu

29r; l okiqu beri 52r; qa(aiqu beri 52r, 52r; ayul bolqu beri 52r; deged beri 52r; dumda

beri 52r; es beri 52r; kk beri 52r; beri ktelgi 52v; beri (al-du mrgglk a( 53v;

beri mr (arqu g 54r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kon-dur uira(san beri 54r;

buyan keig bari(san beri 54r; da-dur ucira(san beri 54r; kmn- yasun bari(san beri 54r;

ken-dr uira(san beri 54r; niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri 54r; kam-dur uira(san beri

54r; gin-dr uira(san beri 54r; oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r; jen-dr

uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v; sn-dr uira(san beri 54v; mo(ai morin ilt beri-

dr lemi ma(u 54r; beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r; lii-dr uira(san

beri-yi abubasu 54r; beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v; beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel

emsteki 52r; beri-yin drben ilmus 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu g 53v.

bertegin arad ignorant commoner (5r).

bertegin kbegn ignorant son, boy (2r).

1329
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bo(ol slave: bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v; ed mal ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u

sedke kmn-dr (ar(au gbe 28r; bo(ol arudasun abqui 61v.

bombo [Tib. bon po]; bon priest, follower of the Bon religion: bombo 26r; bombo kmn

4v, 5r; bandi (ba) bombo 22v, 24v, 26r, 31r; tlii gbes bombo-nardur ma(u 30v.

a(-un krdin those who follow the Klacakratantra: 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r,

14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r.

ai qudalduin tea merchant (30r).

erig/ereg/ireg/irig soldier; soldiers; army: erig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 29r;

ereg mordobasu 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 61v; ireg

mordobasu 41r, 45r; ireg mordaqui 46r; ireg mordaqu edr 48v; irig mordabasu 44r; erig

buu morda 34v; aman-dur irig buu morda 55r; irig ayan mordabasu 42r; niru(un-tur erig

ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v; ereg uduridbasu 23r, 24v; irig uduridbasu 40r; ireg degerm-e

odbasu 31r; ireg kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 32r; irig degerm-e kiged do(in iles 40r; ereg

ba negdel buu od 58v; irig-ee busud-dur ma(u 48v; ereg-n noyan 21v; dayisun-u ereg-

n noyan 22r, 23v, 24r; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 24v; ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v;

ereg-n noyan kk 40r; tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v.

erig-n noyan [T. dmag-dpon]; the commander of the army; a Buddhist term, one of the

Seven Jewels (see RRS, 141); ereg-n noyan 21v; dayisun-u ereg-n noyan 22r, 23v, 24r;

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 24v; ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; ereg-n noyan kk

40r; tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v.

inadus [pl. of inadu]; adversaries, enemies (obs.): inadus-un dayisun 22r.

1330
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dayisun [Tib. nad-dgra]; enemy: isun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r; dayisun darubasu

21v; dayisun daruqu iles 31r; dayisun eserg ire- 22r, 24r, 24v; kbegn trbes dayisun

olan bolu(ad 28v; ese sana(san (ajar-aa dayisun bolqu 42v; dayisun ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v; dayisun uaraqu 49v; dayisun bolqu 50v; nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i

odun 59r; dayisun-a ol(a- 34v, 50v, 60v; inadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r; dayisun-dur

ol(o-/ol(a- 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v, 49v, 50v; dayisun-i eserg ireki-tr 21v, 23r, 23v;

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 21v; dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r; dayisun-i daru- 22r, 22r, 23r,

23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25v, 29r, 45r, 46r; dayisun-i daruqu iles 23v, 26r, 29r, 42v;

dayisun-i kesegeki mandal egdbes 31v; dayisun-i qari(ulun idamu 32v; dayisun-lu(-a

(adquldubasu 29v, 32r; dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n

sayin 48v; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan 23r; dayisun-u

ner-e-yi biibes sayin 27r; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu 27v, 32r; dayisun-u

qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u]

ayul bolqu 46r; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; dayisun-u qotan

bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v.

deged doorad glegi em-e kmn a prattling woman (22r).

degeds [pl. of deged] ancestors; saints; see Chabros, 1992: 37; ma(ad degeds-n erge-

dr oroqu 24r; degeds-<y>i kndlebes 30r, 34r; degeds-<y>i takiqui 61r.

degerem qula(ayii robber; bandit (4v).

degerkei sedkilten haughty-minded ones (28v).

1331
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

deg younger sibling, relative or companion: deg 51v, 51v; aqa deg 26r; aqa deg

qoyar 25v, 26r, 30r.

do(alang eremdeg kmn a crippled person (23v); do(olang yerimdeg [=eremdeg] a(sad

(aar 24r.

dooridu ma(u kmn a bad lowly person (5r).

ebedin- kmn a sick person: ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun iledbes 28v.

ebgen old man: kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr teg ebgen emegen buu od 27r;

eremdeg ebgen 31r.

eige father: kbegn trbes eige inu ky 29v; eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

ni(un trbes do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu eige eke-yu(an [=ygen] arumui 43r; ede

sarada eige eke-de ma(u 51r, 51r; eige eke deg amidu bges mn tegn-d ma(u 51v.

egei elder sister; elder female relative; elder female person: egei kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v.

een/ein lords, masters, rulers, owners; refers to both people and spirits: kln een

8r/kln ein 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; burqan-u ein mese-dr ky

34v; debel ba ger ed'kebes ein inu kk 35r; arban qoyar ein 35v; tngri-yin Vim-a neret

deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein

qa(an kemegdey 39v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v; (aar-un

ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; in-e ger-dr orobasu gern ein qa(acaqu 47v; tngri (aar-un

on sara edr a( me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r;

(ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r; in-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu ein-d ma(u 53v; (aar-

un ein-i takibasu 34v; (aar-un ein- gara( 24r.

1332
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

eke 1. mother; refers to both people and spirits; 2. origin source; see also eki: itgen(-)

eke 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; itgen eke Takiy-a (aar-a 8r; itgen-

eke ker (aar-a 9r; beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang dayiqu itgen eke. lii klil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyenek kereg-d bolai 52r; dayiwang tayiqu qangpan qongpan

itgen- eke abu kiged-n g buu yabu 53r; eige eke deg amidu bges mn tegn-d

ma(u 51v; drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; ede sarada eige eke-

de ma(u bui 51r; ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v; basa nigen eket 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r,

56r, 60v; nigen eket 52r; eige eke-yu(an [=ygen] arumui 43r.

eli messenger; ambassador: eli arubasu 31v.

emi doctor, physician: emi otai kmn 4v.

em-e female; woman: em-e kmn 15r, 22r, 23r; em-e kmn-dr ol(aqu 5r; belbesn

em-e kmn 25r, 29v; belbesn em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r;

in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; nigen eket ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-

yin em[-e] g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v; em-e abqu er-e

kmn- nasun egdeki 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e

em-e bolbasu [. . .] 54v; taulai qonin (aqai ilten okiqu sayin ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; nigen em-e isn er-e-yi daruqu odun

59r; ed mal ibqarabasu doron-a g-n kmn qula(uyu belbesn em-e-dr qudalduu amu

1333
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

25v; sara ba(-a bges em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v; kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l

okildun bo(ou kmi 30r; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r.

emegen old woman; wife; grandmother: kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr teg

ebgen emegen buu od 27r; eremdeg ebgen emegen ba. bandi bombo kmn-e temdegt mal

(ada(i (ar(abasu 31r; emegen- snesn na(idar 31v.

er-e/ere male; the male principle; man: ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v; er-e (a(a kmn-

kbegn qula(uu amu 23v; in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun

egdeki 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu 54v; ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu 54v;

ede sarada er-e-d ma(u bui 51r; sara yeke bges er-e-ee b to(ola 51v; nigen em-e isn

er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em[-e] g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r; er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu

ba(uqu bui 52r.

(uyila(i [S. bhikshu; Tib. dge slong]; beggar: bayan bges (uyila(i bolqu 41v;

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v.

(uyirani beggar: (uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed

ba(urau (uyirani bolumui 42v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu (uyirani bolumui

43r; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; (uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v.

gergi wife; Usun odun uirabasu gergi olqu 46v.

1334
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ia(ur origin; descent, extraction; clan: na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r; (aar

kdelbes barama ia(ur-tan-a ma(ui 31v.

ii(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: ii iglbes 28r; ii buu

igl 34r;Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; noyan ii ol(abasu 37r; noyad ii-dr

ol(obasu sayin 35v; iiten tbidk iles 61r; tu(-un iin-t uyau 50v.

iiten ?prophets: iiten tbidk iles (61r).

arudasun servant, slave, messanger: arudasun quduldubasu 24v, 30r; gara(-ud-un idei

ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v; kger qara arudasun odun 59r; bo(ol arudasun

abqui 61v.

i(ui matchmaker; go-between: ede sarada i(ui-du ma(u bui 51r.

i(ulin traveler: i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar bui 26v; i(ulin yabubasu 41r;

i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui 60v; i(ulin

l yabumui 60v.

oid visitor; guest: oid irek 57r, 57r, 57v, 58r, 58r; qola (aara oid irek 57r; qola-

yin oid irek 57v; kndlegdek oid irek 57v; oid l uriqu 58r; oid-i kndlebes

29r.

kegken virgin, maiden: kegken abun neyilikilbes 36r.

keregri a quarrelsome person (54v, 54v).

ke son: (aar kdelbes [n]ilq-a ke ba ai qudalduin-a ma(u bui 30r.

kbegn son: bertegin kbegn iles iledk 2r; kbegn trbes 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r,

23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v,

1335
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v;

kbegn okin trbes 31v; er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn qula(uu amu 23v; kbegn

qurimlabasu 24v; nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu 24v; qooridur kgsen kmn kbegn

qula(au amu 24v; nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar 27r; kbegn

ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu 34r; kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r; kbegn okin-i neyiilebes

ablabasu 36r; Burvasad Udarisad-dur kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r; em-e kbegn kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; tngri-yin vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un

qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v; irken met amara( kbegn kk

42r; kbegn olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v; kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v;

kbegn trmi 52v; ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad

54v; kbegn gen keregri 54v; kbegn ainar delgerek 57v; kbegn-dr ger baribasu

34r; kbegn-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r; kbegn-e mi gbes 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v; kbegn-e

mi l gki 53v; kbegn-e ner-e gbes 46v; engkri kbegn-i teigebes 28r, 35r;

kbegn-i saki(i 30v; kbegn-i bey-e-[y]i turi modun-iyar ime 30v; engkri kbegn-i

(ada(i (ar(abasu 44r; gken ari(un kbegn-iyer suu ali-yu(an takiu 24r; kbegn-

mi gbes 27r.

kke arai-du kmn a person with a dark face (23v, 24v; kke arai-du ba nrge irai-

tu isn kmn 22r).

ktelgi the one who conducts someone, e.g., a bride: beri ktelgi 52v.

krgegi the one who conducts a bride to the home of her husband: krgegi-yin terign

52v.

1336
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

krgen son-in-law; for a description of the various nomenclature for son-in-laws see DO,

439b; krgen sgdbes 23vl kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r; krgen-ee b

to(ala 51v, 51v, 60r.

merged [pl. of mergen]; marksmen; sages: merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a

egdeki buyu 2v; Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged a(-un krdn terigten ; sudur-tur

nomlauqui 3r; kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v; Nagajuna terigten

deged merged-n ta(alal 4r.

mergen marksman; sage; wisdom: eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san

sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r; iles-dr mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur

dayisun-i daru(ad aliba-yi ila(u(i tegs leyit boluyu 25v; kbegn trbes gen-dr

mergen bolu(ad 27v; Modun odun mai mergen bolqu 56v; arban tabun-a yosun medeki

mergen uqa(atu bolumui 56v.

ni(un boy, son: ni(un trbes 43r.

ni(ur ugiya(i the one who washes [the brides] face (52v).

niglt kmn sinful person (5r).

nilq-a infant: (aar kdelbes [n]ilq-a ke ba ai qudalduin-a ma(u bui 30r.

nirai infant, newborn: nir[a]i-dur ner-e gbes 32r.

nomi theologian; scholar; bibliophile: nomi tegs ir(alang-du bolumui 27v.

noyad [pl. of noyan]; princes, lords, masters: noyad isanglaqu 35v; noyad ii-dr ol(obasu

35v; noyad-dur ma(u 26r.

1337
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

noyan lord, prince, chief, commander: noyan kmn 5r; ereg-n noyan 21v; ereg-n

noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v; ereg-n noyan kk 40r; (aar

kdelbes ulus-un noyan kk 27v; qan noyan bolqu 46v; noyan sa(uqu 47v; noyan ii

ol(abasu 37r; noyan isanglaqu 37r; ker edr noyan l isanglaqu 57r; noyan isanglabasu

61r; doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u

ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r; ireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e

ba morin-dur ma(u 41r.

nkd [pl. of nkr]; companions, comrades: nkd l okildun qadquldu(ad 27r.

okid [pl. of okin]; girls; daughters; maidens: naran Okin-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-

deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r.

okin/kin [okin is Ordos pronunciation of kin]; girl; daughter; maiden: okin 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54r; ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r; Okin tngri

ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; (uin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v; Okin tngri ba(uqu

edr 47r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v; okin gbes 21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 41v; okin ber'i gbes 22v, 35v; okin buu g 34r, 53r;

(aqai edr okin l gk 58r; okin beri buu g. buu ab 58v; okin bges il(ari bui 23r; okin

trbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v; okin debes 31v; okin bo(tala- 36r, 36v, 36v,

37r, 47v; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r; okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin

ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v; kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r; ai

okin ken buyu 32v; ai okin i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge glemi 32v; ai okin

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali [. . .] 32v; okin glern 32v, 33v; okin qari(uu gler-

1338
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

n 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v; okin bges gem l boluyu 51v; ede dumda beri bui. okin

trmi 52r; segl-tr okin olan 52v; debel tlebes okin kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu 57v;

kin gk 60r; okin-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; borbin-dur okin-da(an qari 52v; okin-dur ini

l gki ma(u edr 53v; okin-i 54r; kbegn okin-i neyiilebes 36r; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-

yi ek krdn 51r; okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur doron-a

g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i

ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i (aqai a(-tu (al-

dur mrgglbes sayin 53v; ker qonin ilt okin-i takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl 53v;

baras bein ilt okin-i (aqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; taulai takiy-a ilt okin-i Noqai

a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; luu noqai ilt okin-i taulai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; mogai

(aqai ilt okin-i bein a(tu (al-dur mrgglbes sayin 54r; qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i

nigen in-e arban (urban ir(u(an-a umara doron-a mr (arbasu sayin 54r; qulu(an-a ilt

okin-i taulai iltd buu g 54v; ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d buu g 54v; baras ilt okin-i

mo(ai ilt-d buu g 54v; taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d buu g 54v; luu ilt okin-i qonin

ilt-d buu g 54v; mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d buu g 54v; morin ilt okin-i takiy-a

ilt-d buu g 54v; qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d buu g 54v; bein ilt okin-i (aqai ilt-

d buu g 54v; takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g 54v; naran Okin-u gerdr

oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r; ede okin-u il bui tokiyal-

du(ulu egdeki 51r; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-d ma(u 51r; ede okin-u il bui

tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; okin-u mr (arqu edr 54r.

1339
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

otai [fr. Uygur]; physician, doctor; herbalist (Lessing, 625): emi otai kmn 4v; otai-yi

erin ebedin-i iglbes 36v; otai-yin em nidbes 35v.

gked [pl. of gken]; little ones: qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada

adalamui 26v; gked-n eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v.

gligi almsgiver, benefactor: kbegn trbes bayan bolu(ad gligi nom-dur duritu

boluyu 30r.

nin orphan; [Ch. gu/ku (Mathews 3470)]; a quality of inauspicious stars; see also

qo(osun (Dor, v. 4, 398): nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui

27r; nin kmn qula(uyu 28v; (ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r; da(ulai nin odun

59r.

qad [pl. of qan]; rulers: qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; tabun kmn qad-un imeg-iyer

ime 22r.

qadam in-laws: ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v.

qa(an ruler; emperor; king: qa(an . . . asa(urun 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r; qa(an teden alimad

bui kemen asa(ubasu 33v; qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; qa(an

sonosu(ad 32v; qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r; tngri-yin vim-a neret

deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v; (aarun ein qa(an 39v; qa(an ba(urau 42v;

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v; Jaarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu 26v;

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi 34r; yaa(-a-un qa(an-u gara( 22v; keig

1340
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

erdeni qa(an-u gara( 23v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u

odun 32v.

qan ruler; lord; emperor; king: qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r; qan oron-a

sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r; qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v;

kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v; qan

kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i [odun] ali bui 33r; qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu

33v; qan kmn iles btk 45v; qan kmn-ee ola abubasu 47v; qan kmn tr kk

odun 59r; Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu 46v; dada qan kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v;

qan-dur mai sayin 52v; grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r.

qara kmn perhaps a black-skinned person but more probably, a commoner: 5r, 5r.

qarau commoner: qa(an ba(urau qarau bolumui 42v.

qatud [pl. of qatun]; queens: qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r.

qatun queen, empress: belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22v; qatun kmn-i

asarabasu 23r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v; Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu

igl 33v; Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r.

qoniin shepherd: qoniin-i eribes 35r.

quda/qudda the heads of two families related through marriage of their children: quda

anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; quda anda bolulibasu 29r, 32r; qudda anda

bolulibasu 28r, 28r, 31r;quda anda eribes 31r.

qudali liar: kbegn trbes qudali umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v.

1341
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qudalduin businessman; merchant, trader: qola-aa qudalduin irek 57r; ai qudalduin-

a ma(u bui 30r; qudalduin-dur odbasu 41r; qudalduin-lu(-a ol(aqu 5r.

qula(ayii(n) thief; robber: qula(ayii 28r, 31v; degerem qula(ayii ba keregr bara(ur-

tur ol(oqu 4v; (rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar bui 27r; qula(ayii kmn-i

eriglbes 36r; noqai kegbes ger-dr qula(ayii oroqu 57v; tere qula(ayii-dur nigen em-e

kmn orolduu amu 23r; buliyan qula(ayiin-i getebes 34r; ed mal ibqarabasu qula(ayii-

yin ai inu i(au ggmi 31v; erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin

unuu 39v.

sadun friend; relative: r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; nidn-dr r-e sadun delgereged lemi

ir(alang-du bolumui 52v; r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r.

sayid magnate, minister, dignitary: sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i odun 33r, 33v.

abi [Ch. shami (Mathews 5606.b.1); S. ramanera]; disciple; pupil, student; novice:

abinar ge-dr duralayu 27r.

in-e asaraqu kmn concubine: Mostaert states that sin-e asaraqu kmn is a

euphemism for a concubine (MMAD, 46, n. 106): in-e kmn 53v; in-e asaraqu 53v.

ta(ala(in adherents, e.g., of the Vinaya: Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar

qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v.

takir no(i kmn crippled person (33v).

tarnii n. exorcist, magician; Mongolian translation for sang(asba (Lessing, 782); tarnii

kmn 4v.

1342
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tayii [Ch. taishi/tai-shih (Mathews 6020.a 20)] grand master, imperial teacher; honorary

title of the first degree: qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v.

temri smith; metalworker: eliy-e da(a(san kmn ba. temri ba bandi ba bombo

teyim nigen kmn sura( glemi 22v.

toyin [fr. Ch. daoren/tao-jen, thr. Old Turkish toyn]; priest, monk, lama (originally limited

to priests of noble descent): toyin 30r; toyin kmn 4v; toyin bol- 27r, 29v, 56v, 56v; toyin

quvara(-un-yi kndeleki 61r; toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v.

tul(-a tulu(i the one who touches the trivet (52v).

timed [pl. of timel]; functionaries; bureaucrats: qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v;

timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v; timed ba(urau (uyirani bolumui 42v; timed-n

erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu

33v.

u(tu(i the one who greets [the bride]: u(tu(i-yin il 52v.

uqa(id those who possess knowledge, understanding: egni medegid uqa(id qamu(

amitan-a delgereglbes 47v.

uqa(sad those who understand: nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i

uqa(sad 1v.

urad [pl. of uran]; master, craftsman, artist: (aar kdelbes urad-dur ma(u 28v.

uran skillful; master; artist, craftsman: (oo-a ges-dr urin [=uran] bolu(ad 61r; kbegn

trbes oyun qurdun gen-tr uran 61v; kbegn trbes ilu(un aburitu bolu(ad uran

bged iran nasulayu 61v.

1343
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

uru( relatives by marriage: okin trbes uru( uqa( 25r; ed mal ibqarabasu uru(

tasura(san kmn qula(uu amu 26r; Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru( tasura(san

na(idar kemey 26r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad 54v; qoyar ker ilt uru( uqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ilt uru( cgen bayan

sayin 54v; qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v; qoyar qonin ilt uru( olan bayan sayin

54v ; qoyar takiy-a ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad 54v.

geg kmn a poor person: 33r, 33v; geg kmn-i bayan bol(an idamu 32v.

r-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: ai r-e inu l bty 4r; ai r-e inu mai

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu

mai sayin bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v; ai r-e btk 46r; r-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; r-e tariyan gbes 30r; r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

29v, 32r; r-e sauqui 45v; r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-

tei bol(a(i odun 33r; r-e-gei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i 33r, 33v; r-e

tasulu(i (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; r-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; r-e inu

l bayimui 34v; r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r; r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; r-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; r-e mal delgerek sayin 52r; r-e uqa( 52r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun

33r; to(an-u a'i r-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggi iglbe 1v; ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

r-e sadun relatives: r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r; r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; r-e

sadun delgereged 52v.

1344
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

r-e gei (kmn) a man without progeny: r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r; r-e-

gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun 33r; r-e-gei bol- 52v, 52v.

MARRIAGE AND COURTSHIP

abalabasu/ablabasu 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one hurts

through magic incantations; abala- to hunt in a drive must be distinguished from abla- to

seduce; to hurt through magic; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ablabasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ablabasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is if one hunts in a drive, but perhaps if one hurts through

magic incantations is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

asara- to be compassionate toward smth.; to take care of smth., to love: qatun kmn-i

asarabasu 23r; in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v; ede edr in-e

asaraqu 53v.

ayul bolqu beri the bride who will become dangerous (52r).

ba(u- to step down, e.g., from a horse or carriage, i.e., for a bride to enter a household:

(ni(ur umara [etc.]) g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v; er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu

ba(uqu bui 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu g 53v.

ba(u(da- [passive of ba(u-]; to be brought down, etc.: er-e-yin em g-ee ba(u(daqui

52r; (abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r.

1345
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ba(ul(a- [caus. of ba(u-]; to have brought down; cause to descend, etc.: ber'i buu ba(ul(-a

33v, 34r, 34v; beri ba(ul(abasu 22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r;

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r,

46v; beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr ; beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun 51r; ber'i ba(ul(aqui g 52r.

beri/beri bride; for more on Mongolian nuptial rites, see RRS, 564-574; for divinations

concerning marriage in the Vaidrya dKar-po, see TEDP, 194-223: beri/beri ba(ul(a- 22r,

22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r,

31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 36v, 40r, 41r, 41v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 53r, 60r; ber'i/beri buu

ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v; okin ber'i gbes 22v, 35v; beri buu g 58v; ber'i/beri ab- 25r, 29r,

30r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 42v, 45v, 52r, 55v; beri/beri buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r; beri abubasu u(tubasu

29r; l okiqu beri 52r; qa(aiqu beri 52r, 52r; ayul bolqu beri 52r; deged beri 52r; dumda

beri 52r; es beri 52r; kk beri 52r; beri ktelgi 52v; beri (al-du mrgglk a( 53v;

beri mr (arqu g 54r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kon-dur uira(san beri 54r;

buyan keig bari(san beri 54r; da-dur ucira(san beri 54r; kmn- yasun bari(san beri 54r;

ken-dr uira(san beri 54r; niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri 54r; kam-dur uira(san beri

54r; gin-dr uira(san beri 54r; oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r; jen-dr

uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v; sn-dr uira(san beri 54v; mo(ai morin ilt beri-

dr lemi ma(u 54r; beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r; lii-dr uira(san

1346
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

beri-yi abubasu 54r; beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v; beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel

emsteki 52r; beri-yin drben ilmus 52r; beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu g 53v.

ber'i abubasu if one takes a bride (25r, 29r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 41v, 43r).

beri abubasu u(tubasu if one receives or welcomes a bride (29r).

beri ba(ul(abasu if one brings a bride into ones home (22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v,

40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r).

beri (al-du mrgglk a( the hour the bride is made to prostrate herself before the fire

(53v).

beri ktelgi the one who leads the bride away (52v).

beri mr (arqu g the direction in which the bride sets off on her way (54r).

beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui according to the [wandering] stars and

nakshatra, these are the occasions for not taking the bride (52r).

beri-yin drben ilmus the four demons of a bride (52r).

beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki the bride should wear a robe that is the

color of her element (52r).

beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu g the direction a bride should face when she

dismounts (53v).

bo(tala- to put the bo(to cap on a woman, i.e. to marry her off; to become engaged: okin

bo(talabasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r; okin bo(talau 47v; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek

krdn 51r; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r.

1347
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

buyan keig bari(san beri bride who holds good fortune (54r).

dan-dur ucira(san beri bride who comes under the dui trigram (54r).

deged beri a superior bride, i.e., descendants and animals will flourish; it is good (52r).

dumda beri a fair bride, i.e., daughter will be born (52r).

es beri a poor bride, i.e., descendants will be few (52r).

em-e female; woman: em-e kmn 15r, 22r, 23r; em-e kmn-dr ol(aqu 5r; belbesn

em-e kmn 25r, 29v; belbesn em-e abubasu 25r, 32r; em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r;

in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; nigen eket ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-

yin em[-e] g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v; em-e abqu er-e

kmn- nasun egdeki 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e

em-e bolbasu [. . .] 54v; taulai qonin (aqai ilten okiqu sayin ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; nigen em-e isn er-e-yi daruqu odun

59r; ed mal ibqarabasu doron-a g-n kmn qula(uyu belbesn em-e-dr qudalduu amu

25v; sara ba(-a bges em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v; kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l

okildun bo(ou kmi 30r; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r.

er-e/ere male; the male principle; man: ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r; er-e

sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v; er-e (a(a kmn-

kbegn qula(uu amu 23v; in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r; em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun

egdeki 53r; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu 54v; ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu 54v;

1348
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ede sarada er-e-d ma(u bui 51r; sara yeke bges er-e-ee b to(ola 51v; nigen em-e isn

er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em[-e] g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r; er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu

ba(uqu bui 52r.

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri bride who holds a sickle in her hand (54r).

(arta(an irbegel bari(san beri who holds a braid casing in her hand (54v).

(ar-ta(an odu( bari(san beri bride who holds a standard in her hand (54r).

gen-dr uira(san beri bride who comes under the gen trigram (54r).

gin-dr uira(san beri bride who comes under the qian trigram (54r).

ibegel protection; brides protector; cf. MMAD, 48, n. 108; for the ibegel in the marriage

ceremony, see RRS, 566; (abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r; asal asan

okiqu l okiqu ibegel gki abqui gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek

kereg bolai 54v; er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu 54v; qulu(an-a luu bein ilten ibegel

okiqu 54v.

ini dowry: kbegn-e mi l gki. okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr inu 53v.

i(ui matchmaker; go-between: ede sarada i(ui-du ma(u bui 51r.

jen-dr uira(san beri bride who comes under the zhen trigram (54v).

kam-dur uira(san beri bride who comes under the kan trigram (54r).

kegken virgin, maiden: kegken abun neyilikilbes 36r.

kbegn son: bertegin kbegn iles iledk 2r; kbegn trbes 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r,

23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v,

1349
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v;

kbegn okin trbes 31v; er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn qula(uu amu 23v; kbegn

qurimlabasu 24v; nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu 24v; qooridur kgsen kmn kbegn

qula(au amu 24v; nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar 27r; kbegn

ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu 34r; kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r; kbegn okin-i neyiilebes

ablabasu 36r; Burvasad Udarisad-dur kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r; em-e kbegn kiged.

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; tngri-yin vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un

qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v; irken met amara( kbegn kk

42r; kbegn olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v; kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v;

kbegn trmi 52v; ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v; kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad

54v; kbegn gen keregri 54v; kbegn ainar delgerek 57v; kbegn-dr ger baribasu

34r; kbegn-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r; kbegn-e mi gbes 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v; kbegn-e

mi l gki 53v; kbegn-e ner-e gbes 46v; engkri kbegn-i teigebes 28r, 35r;

kbegn-i saki(i 30v; kbegn-i bey-e-[y]i turi modun-iyar ime 30v; engkri kbegn-i

(ada(i (ar(abasu 44r; gken ari(un kbegn-iyer suu ali-yu(an takiu 24r; kbegn-

mi gbes 27r.

kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri bride who pulls the leg with a hook (54v).

ktelgi the one who conducts someone, e.g., a bride: beri ktelgi 52v.

kun-dur uira(san beri bride who comes under the kun trigram (54r).

kmn- yasun bari(san beri bride who holds a human skeleton (54r).

1350
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

krgegi the one who conducts a bride to the home of her husband: krgegi-yin terign

52v.

krgen son-in-law; for a description of the various nomenclature for son-in-laws see DO,

439b; krgen sgdbes 23vl kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r; krgen-ee b

to(ala 51v, 51v, 60r.

lii-dr uira(san beri bride who comes under the li trigram (54r).

neyiile- to be friendly with someone, i.e. to have sexual relations: kbegn okin(-i)

neyiilebes 36r, 37r.

neyilikil- to be in harmony with someone, i.e., to have sexual relations: kegken abun

neyilikilbes 36r.

ni(ur face: mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad

buyu 34r; ni(ur ugiya(i 52v; okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur

doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu 53r; okin-i ni(ur

emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu 53r; qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r;

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v; ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu

g kemebes 53v.

ni(ur ugiya(i the one who washes [the brides] face (52v).

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bride who carries a sack on her back (54r).

okin/kin [okin is Ordos pronunciation of kin]; girl; daughter; maiden: okin 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54r; okin gbes 21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 41v;

okin ber'i gbes 22v, 35v; okin buu g 34r, 53r; (aqai edr okin l gk 58r; okin beri buu

1351
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

g. buu ab 58v; okin bges il(ari bui 23r; okin trbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v;

okin debes 31v; okin bo(tala- 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 47v; okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r; okin

bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v; okin ba(ul(abasu 43v; okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v;

kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r; okin bges gem l boluyu 51v; ede dumda beri bui. okin

trmi 52r; segl-tr okin olan 52v; debel tlebes okin kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu 57v;

kin gk 60r; okin-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; borbin-dur okin-da(an qari 52v; okin-dur ini

l gki ma(u edr 53v; okin-i 54r; kbegn okin-i neyiilebes 36r; okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-

yi ek krdn 51r; okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur doron-a

g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; okin-i

ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i (aqai a(-tu (al-

dur mrgglbes sayin 53v; ker qonin ilt okin-i takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl 53v;

baras bein ilt okin-i (aqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; taulai takiy-a ilt okin-i Noqai

a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; luu noqai ilt okin-i taulai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r; mogai

(aqai ilt okin-i bein a(tu (al-dur mrgglbes sayin 54r; qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i

nigen in-e arban (urban ir(u(an-a umara doron-a mr (arbasu sayin 54r; qulu(an-a ilt

okin-i taulai iltd buu g 54v; ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d buu g 54v; baras ilt okin-i

mo(ai ilt-d buu g 54v; taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d buu g 54v; luu ilt okin-i qonin

ilt-d buu g 54v; mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d buu g 54v; morin ilt okin-i takiy-a

ilt-d buu g 54v; qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d buu g 54v; bein ilt okin-i (aqai ilt-

d buu g 54v; takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g 54v; ede okin-u il bui tokiyal-

1352
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

du(ulu egdeki 51r; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-d ma(u 51r; ede okin-u il bui

tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v; okin-u mr (arqu edr 54r.

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri [Tib. spyi-bor zor-bai bya-ru btsugs-pai bag-

ma]; the bride who holds a Chinese sickle on the crown of her head (54r). (Compare with

TEDP, 214).

mi property: kbegn- mi gbes 27r; kbegn-e mi gbes 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v;

kbegn-e mi l gki 53v.

qadam in-laws: ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r; qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u

52v.

qa(aiqu beri These [indicate] the bride who separates (52r, 52r).

qandu- beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g 53v; qulu(an-a ker (aqai ilt okin-i

ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v; baras taulai luu okin-i ni(ur doron-a g qandun

ba(ubasu sayin 53v; bein takiy-a noqai ilt okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin

53v; mo(ai morin qonin ilt okin-i ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v.

quda/qudda the heads of two families related through marriage of their children: quda

anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v; quda anda bolulibasu 29r, 32r; qudda anda

bolulibasu 28r, 28r, 31r;quda anda eribes 31r.

qurim feast, celebration: qurim-dur keig tasurla(i 28r, 33r, 33v; buyan qurim iledbes

31v; qurim keyi- 42r, 46r; ibad-un qurim kibes 44r; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; qurim uira-

58r; idegen qurim 50r.

1353
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qurimla- to celebrate, feast; to get married: qurimlabasu 22v, 23v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v; kbegn qurimlabasu 24v; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; l

qurimlaqu 58r.

sn-dr uira(san beri bride who comes under the sun trigram (54v).

in-e asaraqu kmn concubine: Mostaert states that sin-e asaraqu kmn is a

euphemism for a concubine (MMAD, 46, n. 106): in-e kmn 53v; in-e asaraqu 53v.

irbegel a conical metal casing worn on the end of the braids on both sides of a married

womans breast: sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegn (artur

nigen irbegel bari(ulu 54v.

tul(-a tulu(i the one who touches the trivet (52v).

uru( relatives by marriage: okin trbes uru( uqa( 25r; ed mal ibqarabasu uru(

tasura(san kmn qula(uu amu 26r; Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru( tasura(san

na(idar kemey 26r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan

bolu(ad 54v; qoyar ker ilt uru( uqa( bayan sayin 54v; qoyar baras ilt uru( cgen bayan

sayin 54v; qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v; qoyar qonin ilt uru( olan bayan sayin

54v ; qoyar takiy-a ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad 54v.

de- to see off (a bride) : ber'i ba(ul(abasu debes 27v; okin debes 31v.

kk beri a bride who will die (52r).

MATERIAL CULTURE

BOOKS AND WRITING

1354
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

biig writing; a writing, book: arlig biig tarqabasu 18r; biig to(-a sur(abasu 22v, 56v;

biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v; biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r; biig ungibasu 32r;

qa(an-a tatal(-a biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v; biig abulibasu 36v; nom biig biibes 36v;

biig oro(ulbasu 36v; biig-dr orobasu 36v, 37r.

nom dharma; law; book: nom 4r; nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r; nom buyan

iledbes 24r; nom ungibasu 25v, 27v; nom biebes 26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v; nom biig

biibes 36v; nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui

37v; arli( nom medek bolumui 37v; nom ba yertin-deki aliba sayin iles iledbes 44v;

Ayui-yin nom ungiqui 45v; nom kiged buyan keig delgerek 46v; nom buyan iledk 60v;

ksed-n nom-du 60v; agabad teglder nom-dur tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 29r; gligi

nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r; nom-dur orobasu 36r; burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v; nemleky-

yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil 1v; nen nom-un krdn 13r; nom-un il-dr duratai 25v.

qabtasun wooden printing blocks: dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur

bei 24r.

sudur [S. stra]; sutra; book: burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a a(-un

krdn 2r; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; sudur-nu(ud beibes 21v; sudur-tur 4r;

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neret sudur-dur 2v; Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged a(-un

krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r; arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur nomlauqui

2r; olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r.

1355
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sg letter; written grapheme; writing: qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r; ari-

narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; ula(an sg bui 47v; do(in edrn

belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r; ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v; qara

ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v; ginggang idei erik edrn

belge qara ging sg bui 20v; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen ungimui 35v.

FOOD AND DRINK

ariki alcohol: ariki iskebes 31v, 46v.

ai tea: ai ina(san 4v; ai qudalduin 30r.

darasun wine: nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r; darasun iskebes 23r, 23v; darasun idegen uaram 50r; darasun idegen-dr

uiraqu 58r; darusun uu(ubasu 57r.

es( fermented mares milk (see Mostaert, Dictionnaire ordos, 249): suuli [=sauli]

sauqu es( [=esg] ula(-un negegemel edr 60v.

idegen food, viands: eldeb idegen kiged takil beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-<y>i taki 32v;

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r; ed idegen oldayu 45v; ed idegen olqu bui 56v;

idegen olqu 49v, 50v; idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r; darasun idegen uaram 50r;

idegen qurim uaraqu 50r; idegen ideglgi 52v; idegen-d uaraqu 50r; darasun idegen-dr

uiraqu 58r; ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r.

1356
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

idei food, nourishment, e.g., for demons: gara( idei erik edrn 20v; saran-lu(-a edr

qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v; tngri-yin noqai

idei erik edr 20v; ginggang idei erik edr 20v; (aar-un noqai idei erik edr 20v;

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; idei eren gimi 40r, 40r; idei ereki a( 42v;

gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v.

miq-a meat: miq-a l idek 58r; miq-a-yi mungnau 22r; miq-a-yi l idek 58r.

nayir (arbasu if one holds a feast (57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v).

gekn fat, lard: buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

qurim feast, celebration: qurim-dur keig tasurla(i 28r, 33r, 33v; buyan qurim iledbes

31v; qurim keyi- 42r, 46r; ibad-un qurim kibes 44r; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; qurim uira-

58r; idegen qurim 50r.

qurim qurimlabasu if one celebrates a feast (47v).

qurimla- to celebrate, feast; to get married: qurimlabasu 22v, 23v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 35r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v; kbegn qurimlabasu 24v; qurim qurimlabasu 47v; l

qurimlaqu 58r.

sauli aspersion or libation of milk or tea for the deities; grain and food scattered as

offerings to deities (Lessing, 655); ceremony for the consecration of the herds; for these rites,

see RRS, 585-591; suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr 60v; sauli

er<e>gbes 60v.

1357
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

igs a kind of broth made from pieces of an animal (the head of the animal (pice de

btail)??) usually a sheep, which is then boiled and served to a person of honor, or used in

ritual; see DO, 638; a(an Qonin igs-ber takibau l oyiiyamu kemeki 60v.

iker [Pers. akar; S. arkara]; sugar: ingqun. iker qangla(ur terigten 50v.

tosun fat; lard; tallow: a(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

umda(an drink: idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r.

IMPLEMENTS

abdara n. trunk, chest; kger-n abdara (coffin): kger-n abdara kibes 37r.

a(ur tegerm-e n. mortor mill; a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; see G. Kara, 1979:

198; 1984: 349.

aya(-a cup; a unit of measure: isn adqu iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge 22r.

baling [Tib. gtor ma; Skt. bali]; a food offering to deities, usually made of dough kneaded

into various (often pyramidal) shapes (cf. Lessing, 80); cf. also RRS, 426-428; baling do(in

gik edrn belge 20v; baling do(in 39v; baling do(in qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r.

bariy-a fetters; a rope for holding oxen or cows by the horns: bariy-a kriy-e d uaraqu

50r.

bata sabre: nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui 28v.

briy-e trumpet: briy-e tatabasu 34v.

abda(ur a sprinkler, made of wood used in religious ceremonies to make aspersions:

abda(ur sauli er<e>gbes qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayiiyamu 60v.

1358
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ang cymbals: ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v, 34v, 35r.

i(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly spirit: tngri-yin i(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; rn-e doron-a

i(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r; rn-e doron-a-yin

i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

imeg ornament; modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide 14r; ula(an imeg-iyer ime 21v;

qara imeg-iyer ime 22r; qad-un imeg-iyer ime 22r; qubad imeg-iyen a(an-iyar

imej 23v; imeg igki 46r; imeg igki amurling(ui iles 61r.

debel robe, caftan: in-e debel ems- 4v, 21v, 28v, 56r; debil [=debel] emski 46r; a(an

debel emsgsen 4v; ereg-n noyan ula(an debel ems 21v; debel ba ger ed'kebes 35r;

debel ed'kebes 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v,

30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; debel eskebes 23v,

25r, 29r, 30r; debel eskeki 55v; in-e debel abubasu 25r; debel ed'kebes emsbes 31r; in-e

debel okiyabasu 32r; debel tlebes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r; debil x 58r; debel

qulu(an-a qaabasu 57r; debel tlebes qaibasu 58r, 58r; debel qayabasu 58r; in-e debel buu

eske buu ems 34r; ula(an debel buu edke buu ems 34r; ula(an altatu debel buu ems buu

ed'ke 34v; eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu ems 34v; no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v,

35v; qa(uin debel buu tan-a 34v; qara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35r; qas debel buu

ed'ke buu ems 35r; ara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r; ala( debel buu edke buu ems 35r;

a(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r; debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r; beri-yin

maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin 55v; debel

1359
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

emsk sayin edr 56r; ula(an debelt kmn 4v; im ula(an debelt 22v; nkgesn

debelt kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r.

debisker [Tib. gding-ba]; a small rug; a variegated rug is the symbol of the day the gods

and demons battle; the square black rug is this symbol of the day the graha (planets) run in

search of food; cf. RRS, 452; tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; ala(

debeskir bui 43r; gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; drbeljin qara

debesker ene bui 44r.

dolo(an qubi-tu modun the pole with seven portions, i.e., the gnomon. the gnomon

referred to in the manual measures the common unit of 30 qubi per day; see Stone 1981:

181-183; For a further description of the gnomon see Needham (1959): 284; nara emnei

odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a

bayi(ulju ebes 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r; nara

umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei

bolumui 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r.

dorm-a/rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma/dovrm-a [S. bali; Tib. gtor ma strewing-

oblation, an offering brought to malignant demons, either as a kind of exorcism or as an

appeasing gift, in order to prevent their evil influence upon man, (Jschke, 210a)]; they are

made of barley flour and decorated with intricate designs (Beyer (1973): 24; dorm-a a(urbasu

23v, 27v; dorm-a o(orbasu 29v, 31v; rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v; dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu

41r; rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r; yasun ba rdovarma

(ar(abasu 55v.

1360
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dungli/duvngli [Tib. mdos]; a cross formed of two small sticks, the ends of which are

connected with colored strings, and used in various magic ceremonies (Jschke, 274a); cf.

also SE II, 176-198; RRS, 356): dungli (ar(abasu 22r; rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r;

dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r; rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r.

ed possessions: ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v; ed mal gbes 31v, 36v; ed mal

ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed

ada(usun ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v; ed adu(usun neme

25v; ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 30r, 31r; ed mal gbes abubasu

43v; ed mal olqu 50r; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r; ed mal l

(ar(amui 60v; ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r; ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r; ed tavar

gletel-e a(un amin-dur krmi 47v; ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r;

ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r; ed ibqarabasu 23r, 23v; ed

btgebes 23v; ed idegen oldayu 45v; ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r; ed a(urasun nemek sayin

46v; ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r; ed oldaqu sayin 50r; ed olqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r; ed

baraqu 50r; ed idegen olqu 56v; ed bara(daqu 59v.

ed tavar chattels; everything material; see RRS, 452; ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r; ed tavar olqu

46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r;ed tavar gletel-e a(un amin-dur krmi 47v; ed tavar uaraqu

50r, 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r; ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu

57r.

1361
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

erdeni/erdini [Tib. nor zhags]; jewel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); ene erdeni busu 10v; raiyan edr-

n belge erdini bui 20r; kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r; Altan odun

kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23v; timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v;

drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v; degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v; gede

qandu(san jindamuni erdeni ene bui 44v; erdeni terigten-i uralabasu 61v; aliba do(in

ile iledbes matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr adali ma(u 39r; tngri-yin erdeni-dr

mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened like nails in the

ice-like vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three domains and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a world pillar, the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the north Nail or world nail (Polaris [De Santillana, 123]); doro(i

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v; deged Uma neret (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

(angla(ur [qangla(ur = (angna(ur] soldering metal: iker qangla(ur terigten. tu(-un

iin-du uyau 50v.

1362
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(olomta hearth; fireplace in a tent: (olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v;

(olomta ger nutu( mr ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta deg ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r; sara yeke bges (olomta-aa b to(ola 51v.

gabala [Tib. thod pa; Skt. kapla]; skull cup; a ritual implement; a symbol/attribute; cf.

RRS, 152-153,435; ODT, 18; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; gabala 47r.

gq-a ?hook [transcription and translation uncertain]: jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar

tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

gri basket; refers to Chinese ji/chi (Mathews 402) the basket, the 7th Chinese lunar

mansion corresponding to the Udarisad; it comprises four stars, (, *, , Sagittarius and $

Telescope (Schlegel 1967: 161): drbelin kri odun 59r.

ildn sword, sabre: qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r.

ele rope stretched along the ground to which tethers for cattle are attached (Lessing, 1045);

qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v.

ele-yin (adasun picket post, tethering post; to see this picket post and its use in ritual, cf.

Chabros, illus. 9; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v.

oli( ransom, rescue; figurines usually made of dough which are used in ritual for ridding

one of evil spirits causing illness; devil (curse [Lessing 1070]); for these rites, see RRS, 559-

561, 591-594; SE II, 168-169; buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan oli(

iledbes 31v; oli( qari(ulul buu iled 34v; amin-u oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36r; amin

oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36v, 36v, 37r.

1363
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

oliy-a ransom, price of deliverance (cf. oli( [Lessing, 1070]); SE II, 168-169; oliy-a mr

8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; oliy-a gbes 41r.

keb silk: qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v; tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-

d-i uyau 32v.

kegeri standard: ula(an kegeri bariu 21v; qara kegeri bariju 22r; kke kegiri bariu 23v;

a(an keg[e]ri bariu 23v; ara kegeri bariu 24v.

kengger'ge/kenggerge drum: ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v/ang kenggerge deledbes

34v, 35r.

kereg 1. need, necessity; 2. implement; 3. affair, matter, concern: -qu/k kereg 4v; qono(

tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medek kereg 3r; -qui/ki kereg 4v; qono( tasura(san-i

medeki kereg 4v; sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg buyu 4v; kereg asal iledbes 30v; kereg

asal keyilgebes 35v; kereg asal kibes 44v; do(in kereg kibes 45r; kereg btk 49v;

kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v; kereg ara( keyibes 61r; keregt 1v; ede-i keiyen

ek kereg-d bolai 52v; tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-d bui 55v.

kereg asal a ritual implement; see Srkzi's definition, BTD,. 399, #5887; see also SE II,

177-178; kereg asal iledbes 30v; kereg asal keyilgebes 35v; kereg asal kibes 44v.

kiiri standard: qara kiiri bariu 23r; ara kiiri bariu 23r.

kir(a(ul [=kir(a(ur] scissors, shears: dri inu kir(a(ul met bui 27r; kir(a(ul met

59v.

kirge saw: dri inu. kirge met bui 26r.

kgerge bridge; bellows: kgerge talbibasu 12r, 47v; kgerge met 59v.

1364
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

krge pump: in-e krge tatabasu 36r.

kis incense; perfume; fragrance: qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v.

mala(-a hat: in-e mala(-a buu ems 34v; in-e mala(-a l emsk 57r.

mese any edged weapon or tool; knife; dagger: mese keyibes 16r; debel quya( mese qara-

nu(ud-i ime 23r; ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; mese met 59v; burqan-

u ein mese-dr ky 34v.

numu(n) bow: numu 50v; numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r; naran Numun-u gertr

oro(san 18r.

oda(/odu( hearth; oda( tlebes 42v; oda( egdbes 43v; kam-dur uira(san beri

(ar-ta(an odu( bari(san bui bgde-d sayin 54r.

ong(oa boat: ong(oa oro(ulbasu 12r; usun-dur ong(oa oro(ulbasu 14r; (uin qoyar

odun dri inu ong(ua met bui 31v; ong(oa met 59v; in-e ba qa(uin ong(oa mrin-e

buu oro(ul buu getlge 35v; in-e ong(oa usun-a oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v; ong(oa

yabu(ulbasu 36v;ong(oa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu 47v.

orong(-a banner, flag, standard: yerti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v; dolo(an

orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r.

gekn fat, lard: buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

rlbi pincers, pliers: rlbi met 59v.

qabtasun wooden printing blocks: dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur

bei 24r.

1365
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qada( [Tib. kha btags]; a long narrow piece of silk or other cloth especially made for

making formal offerings: a(an qada( 50v.

qadu(ur/qada(ur [Tib. dgra zor]; the sickle (cf. ODT,16); ebdegi edrn belge inu

qada(ur bui 20v; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v; belge inu qara

qada(ur 43v; ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v; ir(u(an qada(ur odun 33v; ir(u(an qada(ur

odun Anurad buyu 34r; isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; oroi-

ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

qubad [pl. of qubasun] clothes: qubad kke-ber ime 23vqubad imeg-iyen a(an-

iyar imej 23v.

qubasun clothes: debel qubasun eskeki edr 55v.

qumq-a [S. kumbha]; vase, pitcher; vessel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); o(tu edrn belge qumq-a

bui 20r.

quya( armor; cuirass: debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r; quya( ems'ki

na(idar 30r; tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu 23v.

raiyan/raiyal [S. rasyana]; holy water; cf. RRS, 152; raiyan edr-n belge erdini bui

20r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; qoyar usu uarabasu

raiyan uaral 45v; raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v.

sada(-a a doll used in medical rituals, through which illness is expelled: sada(-a buu g

34v.

salm-a lasso; lariat: albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar 27v.

1366
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sandali seat; chair: bein edr in-e iregen sandali deger-e l sa(uqu 58r; sandali met

59v.

sasa a minature stupa; cf. DO, 565a; sasa deledbes 42r.

sebeg wicker basket: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r.

sumun arrow: tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v; mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r.

ske ax: Mig na(idar kemebes ske-dr adali bui.

iim cord, string, twine: rne umara-yin iim odun 59r.

ingqun [S. sindura]; vermillion, red ink; red or purple varnish: ingqun 50v.

irbegel a conical metal casing worn on the end of the braids on both sides of a married

womans breast: sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegn (artur

nigen irbegel bari(ulu 54v.

irid/irad ?relics; reliquary; the forms here are closer to arid penitence, abstinence than

to aril holy relics, but the context of the entries, i.e., the verbal forms to which they are

objects, as well as their association with the terms subur(an and qubil(an in adjoining

auspices, seems to indicate the latter meaning; see RRS, 165, 366; irad kibes 23v; irid-n

ger baribasu 26v.

itgen [S. dhra; Tib. gzhi]; 1. basis, foundation; potentiality; qono(-un (urban il

il(al terigten-i medegdek-yin itgen 2r; 2. an object of veneration; itgen eke 8r, 14r, 52r;

itgen- eke 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 53r; burqan itgen inidkebes

1367
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

24r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; itgen-dr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu 38r, 43v; itgen bayi(ulqui 45v; burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v.

tabang [S. sana; Tib. gdan; Mong. debisker]; throne; dias; see RRS, 78; tabang baribasu

23r.

tama(-a seal; brand: dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r;

tama(-a i(ul(abasu 36r; dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v.

tavar merchandise, goods, property, chattels: ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r;

tavar ed olqu 50r; tavar ed yekede olqu 50r, 50r, 50r; qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar gletel-e

a(un amin-dur krmi 47v; ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r; ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r;

qudalduin-dur odbasu ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r.

temdeg mark; brand: temdegt adu(usun gbes 30r; kmn-e temdegt mal (ada(i

(ar(abasu 31r.

tergen cart: tergen 31v, 59v; ger tergen asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; ger tergen bosqabasu 37r,

42r; ger tergen inedkebes 45r; ger tergen ari(ulbasu 54v; tergen- krdn 25v.

to(o(an pot: qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v.

to(osq-a brick: to(osq-a ergelebes 32r.

toli mirror: yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli e 42v; oroi-ta(an

Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugde-d toli bui 54r.

toor-a net: isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar 25r.

1368
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tong(ori( [Tib. spu gri]; razor; (cf. ODT, 13, 15); Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu

tong(ori( bui 20r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r;

tong(ori( 47r.

tor(on silk; descriptive of dense fire: (altu tor(on ergiki modun odun 59r.

tosun fat; lard; tallow: a(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

tu( flag, standard, banner: tu(-un iin-du uyau 50v.

tul(-a trivet; support: tul(-a tulbasu 31v; tul(-a bolqui 38v; tul(-a tulu(i 52v; (urban

odun-u dri inu. tul(-a-yin modun met bui 26v; Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban

kl met bui 32r.

tlii [=tlei] fuel; a ritual commemorating the dead; for this ceremony, see RRS, 616;

tlii gbes 28v, 30r, 30v; kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r; kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes

26v; kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r; kgsen-tr tlii gbes 29r.

vair [S. vajra; Tib. rdo-rje; Mong. dorji]; vajra, thunderbolt; a guru's weapon, symbolic of

the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter); (cf. Waddell 1978: 27; ODT, 23); naiman ayima( i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r; drben odun-

u dri vair met bui 31r; vair 38r arimdu( vair 38r.

yender platform; for the use of the platform in ritual, see RRS, 78; qota yender baribasu

42v.

METALS

alta(n) 1. gold, golden; altan mngg qudaldubasu 26r; (uyirani kmn-dr altan

ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; altan maltabasu 34v; altan buu sri 35r; altan ordo mr

1369
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(arbasu sayin 49r; ula(an altatu debel 34v 2. one of the five elements (Ch. jin/chin); rn-e

g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r; Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad

Abaji eden altan bui 61r.

(angla(ur [qangla(ur = (angna(ur] soldering metal: iker qangla(ur terigten. tu(-un

iin-du uyau 50v.

mngg silver: altan mngg qudaldubasu 26r.

temr iron, metal; one of the five elements: isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun

sr kemek na(idar 25r; temr maqabud 54r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u

gara( bky-yin tula temr-n inar 23v.

STRUCTURES

a(urqai mine; granary, silo; nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i (odun) 33r,

33v; a(urqai bulabasu 42v; a(urqai erbes 42v.

asar kriy-e hall or enclosure, asar kriy-e baribasu 46v.

ba(urai [=ba(uri] foundation: ba(uray-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; (olomta ba(urai nutu(

qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v.

bal(asun city; town: bal(asun baribasu 22v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun

sr kemek na(idar 25r; bal(asun deledbes 25v, 34r, 35r; qota bal(asun imebes 34v;

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes 37v; qota bal(asun baribasu 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r,

44r, 61r; qota bal(asun bariqui 45v; qo(osun bal(asun-dur 24v; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i

quriyaqui 61v.

1370
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

basar [Per. bazar]; inhabited place; hamlet; village: basar belid-n na(idar 30v.

bayiing [Per. p-vn]; building: ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r.

biqar [S. vihara]; ?temple, monastery (cf. MMAD, 12, n. 22); biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r.

boso(-a threshold, doorsill: boso(-a bosqabasu 46v.

bulai something buried; place where something is buried; grave: bulai bulabasu 21v;

bulai buu bula 34v.

i(ta(-a rope fixed at the center of the roof-ring of a tent; for its use in ritual, see Chabros,

1992: 18; a heavenly spirit: tngri-yin i(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v; rn-e doron-a

i(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v; tngri-yin i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r; rn-e doron-a-yin

i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r.

dabqur ger multi-storied building: dabqur ger baribasu 43v.

debr roof: debr bribes 42r.

degelbr felt covering of the upper part of a ger: degelbr talbibasu 44v.

egde(n)/ egde(n) [Tib. sgo; Uy. iik]; gate, passageway: ger-n egde 23v; tngri-yin

egde/egde 33r, 33r, 49v; tngri-yin egden-dr 49r; (adquldu(i tngri-yin egden odun

59r; (aar-un egde 33r, 33r; sayin egde 33r; ma(u egde 33r; sang-un egde buu nege

33v; egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r.

(olomta hearth; fireplace in a tent: (olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v;

(olomta ger nutu( mr ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta deg ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r; sara yeke bges (olomta-aa b to(ola 51v.

1371
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ger dwelling; home; sign, i.e., of the zodiac: ger 23r, 51v, 51v; ger baribasu 26r, 26v, 29v,

30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r, 43v, 46v, 55v, 60r; kbegn-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r;

kbegn-dr ger baribasu 34r; in-e ger baribasu 24r, 35r; k sang-un ger baribasu 25v;

irid-n ger baribasu 26v; qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr

37r; dabqur ger baribasu 43v; terign-dr ger buu bari 55r; ger ed'kebes 22v, 28v; debel ba

ger ed'kebes 35r; ger negbes 23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v; ger asabasu 25v,

35v, 36r, 36v, 37r; in-e ger ba qota asabasu 25r; ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r; ger tergen

asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r; ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r; ger

bosqabasu 28r; k sang-un ger bosqabasu 20r; sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v; ger tergen

bosqabasu 37r, 42r; in-e ger abubasu 29v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; ebderegsen ger

buu selbi 34v; ger baribasu aabasu [=asabasu] 35v; qa(uin ger ebdebes 36r; ger bri-

36v, 47v; ger tergen inedkebes 45r; ger tergen ari(ulbasu 54v; ger dotor-a qoor qomsa

bolqu 57v; ger-ee nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v; geree nayir (arbasu 57r; ger-ee

x 57v, 58r, 58r; teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu 31r; isn gerte ni(uu 22v;

rn-e qandu(san gerte abu odba 22v; nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge gerte okiyabasu 36v;

gerte oro(ulu(i 52v; in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v; l taiyan

gerte oro(ulbasu 53v; gertegen l qariqu 48r; ger-tr-iyen qaribasu 36r; niiged niiged gertr

yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r; niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr

niiged niiged qubi segder neme 6r; nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki

darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun

gimi 9r; nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san-u tula Qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r; nara ker-n

1372
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r; naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula.

yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r; Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertr

naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r; naran Arsalan-u

gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r; naran Okin-u gertr oro(san-u tula

yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki a( bui 15r; naran inglegr-n gertr oro(san-u tula.

yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r; naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u

tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r; naran Numun-u gertr oro(san-u

tula yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r; naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u tula

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; in-e ger-tr orobasu 22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v,

37r, 37r, 47v; ger-dr yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes 35v; ger-dr oid irek 57r; noqai

kegbes ger-dr qula(ayii oroqu 57v; ger-n egde 23v; nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge

gerte okiyabasu 36v; gern ein 47v; ger-n qo(osun anu 48v; gern [n]iru(un met 59v.

ger-n niru(un ridgepole, i.e., of a house; refers to the figure of the 12th Chinese lunar

mansion wei, comprising three stars, " Aquarius and ,, 2 Pegasus (Schlegel 1967:233): gern

[n]iru(un met 59v.

kebtein shelter, e.g., for animals: adu(usun-i in-e kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r; mal in-

e kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v.

keyid temple: sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr 37r; sm-e

keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; sm-e keyid ba nom

burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom

kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v.

1373
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kriy-e anything girding; fence; enclosure; camp; monastery: kriy-e deledbes 31v;

kriy-e baribasu 42v; asar kriy-e baribasu 46v; bariy-a kriy-e-d uaraqu 50r.

k sang treasury: k sang negebes 22v, 36r, 37r; k sang-un ger baribasu 25v; k

sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r; k sang bari(i odun 59r.

oda(/odu( hearth; oda( tlebes 42v; oda( egdbes 43v; kam-dur uira(san beri

(ar-ta(an odu( bari(san bui bgde-d sayin 54r.

ordo qari palace; this probably refers specifically to an icon-case, a receptacle for a

burqan (see RRS, 167); ordo qari asabasu 21v.

qa(al(-a door; doorway: in-e qa(al(-a baribasu 22r; qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme

bosqabasu 32r; odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r; qa(al(-a igbes 43v, 46v, 48r; qa(al(-a

sayin bui 51v; qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r.

qota(n) city, fortress, citadel, wall: qota asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r; in-e ger ba qota

asabasu 25r; ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r; qota deledbes 32r; qota bal(asun imebes

34v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr 37r; qota baribasu 41r, 42r, 42v; qota bal(asun bari-

41v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 45v, 61r; qota yender baribasu 42v; dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i

quriyaqui 61v; doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v.

sang 1. ?; 2. [Ch. tsang (Mathews 6707)]; a treasury; granary: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang

neret sudur 2v; k sang negebes 22v, 36r, 37r; k sang-un ger baribasu 25v; k sang-un

ger bosqabasu 30r; k sang bari(i odun 59r; sang negebes 36r; sang l negek 35v; sang

negegek 48r; sang quriyang(ui mr (arbasu ma(u 49r; degreng sang mr (arbasu sayin

49r; tngri-yin sang 49v; tngri-yin sang-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r; dolo(an orong(-a-du

1374
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v; sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r; sang-un ger

bosqabasu 36v.

subur(-a/subur(an [S. citya; Tib. mchod-rten]; stupa; a burial mound or the image of

a burial mound which symbolically preserves the bodily charisma of Buddha Skyamuni; see

RRS, 101-103; im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r; subur(-a

bosqabasu 23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i

oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; subur(-a baribasu 42v; doro(i qandu(sun

subur(-a 45r; subur(an met 59v.

sm-e temple, monastery, shrine: sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu

sayin edr 37r; sm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu

25r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; sm-e baribasu 31v,

47v; sm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

sm-e keyid monastery: sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr

37r; sm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r; sm-e

keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v; sm-e keyid ba subur(-a

burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v; sm-e baribasu 31v, 47v;

sm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v.

irid-n ger ?an idol temple; cf. RRS, 366-367; irid-n ger baribasu 26v.

tegerme/tegerm-e mill: tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; a(ur

tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 37r; a(ur tegerme bosqabasu 36v.

1375
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

usun tegerme watermill: usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r.

WATERWORKS

quddu( well: quddu( nke butegen bulabasu 36r; quddu( nke bulabasu 37r; Taulai edr

quddug l maltaqu 57r; quddu(-tur orobasu 37r.

suba( ditch, trench, canal: suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r; usun suba( tatabasu 36r; suba(

asabasu 42r.

tata(al aqueduct, small canal, ditch: tata(al usun tatabasu 12r.

usun tegerme watermill: usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r.

GEOGRAPHY

a(la( secluded, solitary, remote, desolate; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; see RRS, RRS, 433.

a(ula mountain: drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r; (aar kdelbes a(ula ebderemi

29v; a(ula-aa modun eribes l oldaqu 47v; Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a

kebte bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v,

32v; a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun ali bui 32v; Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar

Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen [. . .] 32v; Smber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu

38v.

bayiri battlefield: bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v.

belid crossroads: irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v.

1376
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dalai ocean; sea: matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou

17r.

doboa( heap, mound: isn doboa( iroi door-a daru(ad 23v.

Enedkeg India; Indian; old form was endkeg (Kara, 1984: 201-202); Enedk[e]g-ee

ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r; Enedk[e]g-n yosu(ar 2v, 2v; Enedk[e]g-n

a(-un krdin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; Enedk[e]g-n keleber

32r.

(aar earth, ground: (aar usun-u eid 2v; (aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v; (aar usun m

gesmi 9r; (aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r; (aar usun-aa ekin eribes 34v; aman-a

(aar usun-i taki 55v; Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai edr (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu

58v; tariyan-u krngge (aar oroba 10r; Luu (aar 18r; (aar tal-a dken asun bolumui 19r;

in-e (aar bariqu 24r; (aar kdelbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r,

28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 37r; (aar

baribasu 30v; (aar knde- 34v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v,

44r, 58v, 58v, 58v; bariqu (aar eribes 42r; tariyalang-un (aar qudalduqui 45v; belbesn

em-e kmn bk (aar bariqu na(idar kemey 29v; aqui (aar inu qami(-a bui 32v;

tariyan-u (aar olqu 46v; qola (aar oriqu 58r; in-e (aar il(abasu 61r; (aar-a 6v, 9r, 10r,

11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 19r; dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju 6r;

arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a 6v; Takiy-a (aar-a 8r; dolo(an alqu (aar-a 23v; rn-e

umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu 24r; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un

o(talda(san na(idar 28v; qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r; qola (aar-a odqui 47v; qola

1377
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(aar-a mr (arbasu 47v; ni qola (aar-a 57r; qola busu (aar-a odqu 61v; do(olang

jerimdeg a(sad (aar-aa (urban edr-e (arumui 24r; qa(urai (aara usun (ar(an idamu

32v; ese sana(san (aar-aa dayisun bolqu 42v; qola (aara oid irek 57r; sme keyid

bariqu (aar-<y>i beleglebes 23r; qada (aar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v; nin kbegn dumda

bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r; kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 31r; ireg kia(ar (aar-i

baribasu 32r; (aar-<y>i tbidken idamu 32v; tngri (aar-<y>i taki 32v; tngri (aar-<y>i

takibasu 35r; kbegn trbes eige inu ky. sgsen qoyin-a (aar-ta(an l aqu bui 30r;

(aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r; (aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r; (aar-dur

dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r; (aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r; (aar-tur qamu(

nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r; (aar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neret iig

delgeremi 13r; (aar-dur serign segder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r; (aar-

dur lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r; (aar-dur o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r;

(aar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r; (aar-tur egeren taki

qoiyalamui 18r; qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v; (aar-un ene oron 3r; tngri (aar-un qorin

drben a(ur a( 6r; (aar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; (aar-un

een/eid [Skt. bhmipati; Tib. sa-bdag]; lords of the earth, spirit lords of the soil; genius loci

(cf. TEDP, 419); (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; (aar-un ein

noqai idei eriki edr 20v; dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r; luus-un qad

(aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v; (aar-un ein-i

takibasu 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; (aarun ein qa(an 39v; luus-un qad

(aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r; ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v;

1378
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin bui 20v; (aar-un egde

ali bui 33r; (aar-un egde mn Barani 33r; tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un

qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v 44r; tngri (aar-un on sara edr a(

me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein 55r; (aar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v, 58v; (aar-un snes

58v; Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai edr (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu 58v.

(ool river: qo(osun (ool ba qo(osun bal(asun-dur qara modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 24v;

rn-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu 24r.

am road: am asabasu 19r.

keger-e the steppe, field: keger-e oyir-a bui 24r.

kia(ar frontier: kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 31r, 32r; nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i

odun 59r; modun-u inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 22r; usun-u kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 23r.

Kitad China; Chinese: Kitad to(alaqui astir 2r; Kitad sg-dr 35v; Kitad qadu(ur

bari(san beri 54r; Kitad-tur 2r; qara Kitad-un oron 2r; Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron 2r; qara

Kitad-un to(-a 2r; Kitad-un astir 2r; Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neret sudur 2v; qutu(tu

Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v; Kitad-un to(ain 3r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r; Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v; qara Kitad-un to(ain 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r,

13r, 14r; (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r.

na(ur lake: 39v; luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r.

kser earth, soil, ground: kser-e qoorqu 55v, 56r.

Mong(ol Mongol: Mong(ol Tabun sara 12r; mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i

dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i

1379
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kemen ungimui 35v; Mong(ol-tur Qubi sara kemem 8r; Mong(ol-dur Qoyar sara 9r;

Mong(ol-tur 'urban sara 10r; Mong(ol-dur. Drben sar-a 11r; Mong(ol-dur ir(u(an sara

13r; Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a 14r; Mong(ol-dur Naiman sara 15r; Mong(ol-dur Isn sara

16r; Mong(ol-tur Arban nigen sar-a 18r; Mong(ol-dur Kgeler-n sar-a 19r.

mr path; way: 51v; nara sara mr tgerek 4r; oliy-a mr 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; mr (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v,

29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r,

36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 46v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r; mal

adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar 26v; mr

(arqu edrn sayin kemebes 48v; drben terign sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r;

drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r; drben es sarayin mr (arqu

krdn ene bui 49r; aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v;

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn

bui 49v; tabun dakini-yin mr (arqu edr-yi ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v; arban qoyar edr-

n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene bui 50r; arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu

g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (araqu jg-n ek krdn

okin-u mr (arqu edr kemebes 54r; beri mr (arqu g kemebes 54r; qola mr l (arqu

57v; yabuqu mr-dr talbiu 24r; mr btgek-yin urida 41r; tngri-yin mr kemek edr 49r;

qara mr-d bolunam 52v; leyit mr 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r; (asalang-un mr 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r; mr ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v; i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r.

1380
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

mrin [=mren]; large river; lake: in-e ba qa(uin ong(oa mrin-e buu oro(ul buu

getlge 35v.

nutu( native land: nutu( buu e 34v; nutu( ularibasu 34v, 43v; nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui

51v; (olomta ger nutu( mr ede sayin bui 51v; nutu( ger (olomta deg ede sayin bui 51v;

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r; nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v; in-e nutu(-dur

buu ba(u 43r.

nke(n) hole: (aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r; quddu( nke bulabasu 37r; quddu(

nke butegen bulabasu 36r; kegr-n nke met 59v; Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-

iyan nken-dr orkimui 11r; Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-

ee l (arumui 18r.

o(tar(ui sky; firmament: (aar-un snes anu. Baras Mo(ai Bein 'aqai edr-e o(tar(ui-

du amui 58v; o(tar(ui-dur Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 8r; o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni

na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; o(tar(ui-dur

ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; o(tar(ui-dur ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; o(tar(ui-

dur Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r; o(tar(ui-dur Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r;

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r; ir(oli terigten amitan degde

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r; o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r; o(tar(ui-dur

Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r; o(tar(ui-tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r;

o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(idar-iyar r geyim 19r; o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v.

oi modun forest: oi modun o(talqui 61v.

1381
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

orgil summit: Smber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari

terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i

odun 32v, 32v; mn uridu qoyar odun teriglen ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai

ba. Modun odun kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v.

oro(n) 1. place, land; 2. throne; 3. branch of learning: in-e irigen oro asabasu 36v; oron

3r; Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; burqan-u oron eribes 22v; (qan) oron-a sa(u- 8r,

21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; qara

Kitad-un oron-dur 2r; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari

1v; naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula 12r; oron-u irige baribasu 37r.

qada(n) rock; qada (aar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v; qada ila(un-aa modun (ar(an idamu 32v;

qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v; takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i 33v; qadan-dur

ger baribasu 35v.

qangin ?a place name; Mostaert notes that biqar qangin is probably for biqar keyid; biqar

> Skt. vihara "temple, monastery" (MMAD, 12, n. 22); biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r.

qara Kitad [Tib. rgya nag]; black China/Chinese; the term is derived from the Tibetan

designation of China as the Black land (as opposed to India, the White land (rgya gar)) and

thus reflects the Tibetan orientation of the field of mathematics (to(-a): qara Kitad-un oron

2r; qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r; qara Kitad-un to(ain 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r.

quma( fine sand: nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma( 60r; nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur

ula(an quma( 60r; ara ula(an quma(-du edd 60r.

1382
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Smber a(ul-a [S. Sumeru]; Mt. Sumeru; the mythological mountain in the center of the

world in Buddhist cosmology; Smber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar

to(ori(i odun 32v, 32v.

iro(ai dirt: ong(od-i takibasu iro(ai-dur adali 48r.

iroi earth; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; the planet Saturn; Saturday:

iroi 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 45v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au nigen inede iroi odun-iyar

ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r; Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki

terigten Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk

(aar-un ein- gara( bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r; iroi odun kcn

tegs-n a( 24r; isn adqu iroi 22r; isn doboa( iroi 23v; iroi kdelgebes 42r; qoyar

iroi uirabasu idei btki-yin uaral 45v; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral

46r; iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r; (al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin

uiral 46r; ara iroi-du (aar 24r; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara(

bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v.

tib continent: bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi 55r.

1383
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

to(osun dust: to(osun bariu 3r.

Tbed Tibet; Tibetan: Tbed-dr Baras sara 8r; Tbed-dr Taulai sara 9r; Tbed-dr Luu

sara 10r; Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a 11r; Tbed-dr Morin sara 12r; Tbed-dr Qonin sara 13r;

Tbed-dr Bein sar-a 14r; Tbed-dr Takiy-a sara 15r; Tbed-dr Noqai sara 16r; Tbed-dr

'aqai sar-a 17r; Tbed-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Tbed-dr ker sar-a 19r; Tbed-n keleber.

isgarma gzangdang ildanbala kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

timer forest fire: ger baribasu a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r; timer-e timeridk

qula(ai oromui 47v.

usu(n) water; one of the four elements; one of the five elements; the water star; Mercury;

Wednesday: usu(n) 5r, 8r, 9r, 14r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 21v, 22r, 23r, 24v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32v, 36r, 36v, 45v, 47v,

59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v; usun bari(id 1v; (aar usun-u eid 2v, 39v; (aar

usun m gesmi 9r; (aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r; (aar usun-aa ekin eribes

34v; aman-a (aar usun-i taki 55v; (aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu 58v; usun-iyar

qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v; usu egrgsen kmn-lge ol(aqu. 5r; Usun odun 5r, 8v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r,

55v, 56r; tata(al usun tatabasu; 12r; usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui. 17r; usun-u

iles iledbes 19r; usun sau(ad 21v; usun-u inar bui 22r, 22v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

1384
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Tanis

Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; usun-u kia(ar-a

ni(uu amui 23r; usun irgey 30r; usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r; usun-u dolo(an na(idar

32r; qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; usun(-u) galab 33r, 33r; usun suba(

tatabasu 36r; usun takil 45v; usu iroi qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu kei qoyar uarabasu 46r; usu

(al qoyar uarabasu 46r; Usun Modun Altan ede edd sayin 48v; usun maqabud 54r.

yirtin the world; the earth: yirtin-tekin- obalang 2v; yirtin-teki ng bilig 1v;

yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r; yirtin-teki arsalan quraimui 14r; yirtin-teki<n>

okid jgrkeki a( 15r; yirtin-teki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r;

yirtin-teki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r; yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt

bolumui 18r; yirtin-deki aliba sayin iles iledbes 44v; yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un

kgemei bolumui 13r; yirti[n]-yi ebdegi 39v; yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil

trmi 12r; yirtin-yin iles 38r.

GOVERNMENT

eli messenger; ambassador: eli arubasu 31v.

isangla- [Mong. erke teglder bol-]; to invest with power; promote: noyan isanglabasu 61r;

noyad isanglaqu 35v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r; ker

edr noyan l isanglaqu 57r.

1385
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ii(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: ii iglbes 28r; ii buu

igl 34r;Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; noyan ii ol(abasu 37r; noyad ii-dr

ol(obasu sayin 35v; iiten tbidk iles 61r; tu(-un iin-t uyau 50v.

arli( edict: arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal 4r; arlig biig

tarqabasu 18r; arli( bolurun sadhu kemeged arli( bolurun 32v; arli( nom medek bolumui

37v; arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu 22v.

erge rank; level: degeds-n erge-dr oroqu 24r; ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr

oro(ulu(i 33r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-droro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v; timed-n

erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu

33v.

kegeri standard: ula(an kegeri bariu 21v; qara kegeri bariju 22r; kke kegiri bariu 23v;

a(an keg[e]ri bariu 23v; ara kegeri bariu 24v.

kiiri standard: qara kiiri bariu 23r; ara kiiri bariu 23r.

noyad [pl. of noyan]; princes, lords, masters: noyad isanglaqu 35v; noyad ii-dr ol(obasu

35v; noyad-dur ma(u 26r.

noyan lord, prince, chief, commander: noyan kmn 5r; ereg-n noyan 21v; ereg-n

noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v; ereg-n noyan kk 40r; (aar

kdelbes ulus-un noyan kk 27v; qan noyan bolqu 46v; noyan sa(uqu 47v; noyan ii

ol(abasu 37r; noyan isanglaqu 37r; ker edr noyan l isanglaqu 57r; noyan isanglabasu

61r; doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u

1386
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r; ireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e

ba morin-dur ma(u 41r.

oro(n) 1. place, land; 2. throne; 3. branch of learning: in-e irigen oro asabasu 36v; oron

3r; Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; burqan-u oron eribes 22v; (qan) oron-a sa(u- 8r,

21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r; nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v; qara

Kitad-un oron-dur 2r; a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v; tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari

1v; naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula 12r; oron-u irige baribasu 37r.

orong(-a banner, flag, standard: yerti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v; dolo(an

orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r.

qad [pl. of qan]; rulers: luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r; luus-un qad

adalamui 26v; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r; luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki

43r; qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v; naiman luus-ud

qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v; arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui

8r; Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r; luus-un qad-un oga

iledbes 22r; luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v; (aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada

adalamui 34v; luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r; luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v; tabun

kmn qad-un imeg-iyer ime 22r.

qa(an ruler; emperor; king: qa(an . . . asa(urun 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r; qa(an teden alimad

bui kemen asa(ubasu 33v; qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v; qa(an

sonosu(ad 32v; qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r; tngri-yin vim-a neret

deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v; (aarun ein qa(an 39v; qa(an ba(urau 42v;

1387
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v; Jaarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu 26v;

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi 34r; yaa(-a-un qa(an-u gara( 22v; keig

erdeni qa(an-u gara( 23v; okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u

odun 32v.

qan ruler; lord; emperor; king: qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r; qan oron-a

sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r; qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v;

kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v; qan

kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i [odun] ali bui 33r; qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu

33v; qan kmn iles btk 45v; qan kmn-ee ola abubasu 47v; qan kmn tr kk

odun 59r; Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu 46v; dada qan kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v;

qan-dur mai sayin 52v; grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r.

qatud [pl. of qatun]; queens: qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r.

qatun queen, empress: belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22v; qatun kmn-i

asarabasu 23r; bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v; Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu

igl 33v; Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r.

sandali seat; chair: bein edr in-e iregen sandali deger-e l sa(uqu 58r; sandali met

59v.

sayid magnate, minister, dignitary: sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i odun 33r, 33v.

irege(n) table, desk, throne, seat; alter: in-e irigen oro asabasu 36v; oron-u irige

baribasu 37r; iregen sandali deger-e l sa(uqu 58r.

1388
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tabang [S. sana; Tib. gdan; Mong. debisker]; throne; dias; see RRS, 78; tabang baribasu

23r.

tama(-a seal; brand: dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r;

tama(-a i(ul(abasu 36r; dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v.

tang(ari( oath: tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v.

tatal(-a biig tribute: qa(an-a tatal(-a biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v.

tayiqu [Ch. taihu/tai-hou (Mathews, 6020.a 10)]; mother of the emperor: dayiwang tayiqu

52r, 53r.

tayii [Ch. taishi/tai-shih (Mathews 6020.a 20)] grand master, imperial teacher; honorary

title of the first degree: qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v.

tr government; power; authority: tr bari- 45v, 61r; tr buu bari 34v; yeke tr

baribasu 41v.

tu( flag, standard, banner: tu(-un iin-du uyau 50v.

timed [pl. of timel]; functionaries; bureaucrats: qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v;

timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v; timed ba(urau (uyirani bolumui 42v; timed-n

erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r; timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu

33v.

timed erdeni ministers jewel; the insignia of a minister is one of the seven jewels; see

dolo(an erdeni in Lessing, 1168, under erdeni; timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v.

ulus nation: nara sara kbes tere ulus-dur (ai(un obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r; (aar

kdelbes ulus-un noyan kk 27v; (ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r.

1389
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

LANGUAGE

FOREIGN TRANSCRIPTIONS

CHINESE

bi [Ch. bi/pi to close (Mathews 5092); Mongolian qa(a(i]; 12th of the twelve lords of

the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui

35v; bi qa(a(i edr 37r; bi p edr 48v.

bing [Ch. bing/ping (Mathews 5284)]; the 3rd Heavenly stem; 2. [Ch. ping level]; [see

under ping]: bing in yile 7v; bing in edr 7v; bing baras sara 7v; bing baras a( 7v; bing

luu sara 7v; bing luu a( 7v; bing morin sara 7v; bing morin a( 7v; bing bein sara 7v; bing

bein a( 7v; bing noqai sara 7v; bing noqai a( 7v; bing qulu(an-a sara 7v; bing qulu(an-a

a( 7v; bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

eng/ing [Ch. cheng to succeed; (Mathews 379); Mong. btgi]; 9th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui

35v; eng btgi edr 36v; ing gii edr 48v.

uu [Ch. jian/chien, to remove; purify, (Mathews 853); Mong. aril(a(i]; 2nd of the

twelve lords of the day): Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; uu aril(a(i edr 35v.

n/un [Ch. chun spring] (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)); n un bolbasu 6r; qoyitu on li

un 7r.

n un [Ch. chun spring (Mathews, 1493 (p. 211)) and Ch. zhong middle (Mathews,

1504 (p. 213))]; the middle of spring, i.e., the vernal equinox; n un bolbasu 6r.

1390
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dan [Ch. dui (Mathews, 6560)]; one of the eight trigrams; dan-dur ucira(san beri kmn-

yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r.

dayang [Ch. dayang/ta-yang]; the sun; the yang principle (Lessing 1951: 158); while

Chinese taiyang refers to the sun, the reference here is to an asterism, dayang, so named

because it marks the path of the sun (Schlegel 1967: 113, 818-819, nn. 365-369); see also the

Mongolian star naran (TU, 903): dayang kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v.

dayiwang tayiqu [Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother and father of

the emperor; as one of the four demons of a bride, context suggests that this pair belong as one

star spirit (52r); compare the celestial emperor (tianwang) and the heavenly empress (tianhou

[Schlegel 1967: 100, 149, 164]): dayiwang tayiqu 53r; beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes

dayiwang dayiqu itgen eke. lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai

52r.

ding 1. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews 6381)]; the 4th Heavenly stem; 2. [Ch. ding/ting (Mathews

6393); Mong. to(ta(i]; to make stable; 5th of the twelve lords of the day (see Mostaert

MMAD, 21, #61): ding 52r; ding im yile 7v; ding im edr 7v; ding taulai sara 7v; ding

taulai a( 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai a( 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; ding qonin a( 7v;

ding takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a a( 7v; ding (aqai sara 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; ding ker

sara 7v; ding ker a( 7v; bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing.

ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v; ding to(ta(i edr 36r.

1391
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

dngi [Ch. dong zhi]; the winter solstice (Mathews, 6603 (p. 963)); nara emnei odqui

es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r; basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee

qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r.

gen [Ch. gen (Mathews, 3327)]; 7th of the eight trigrams: gen-dr uira(san beri niru(un-

ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui bgded ma(u 54r.

geng/ging [Ch. geng (Mathews, 3339)]; the 7th Heavenly stem: ii geng yile 7v; ii geng edr

7v; ging baras sara 7v; ging luu sara 7v; ging morin sara 7v; ging bein sara 7v; ging noqai

sara 7v; ging qulu(an-a sara 7v; ging luu a( 7v; ging morin a( 7v; ging bein a( 7v; ging

noqai a( 7v; ging qulu(an-a a( 7v; ging baras a( 7v; ging in<g> 41r; ging ing 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r, 52r.

gi/gii 1. [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews, 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem; [see under i]; 2. [Ch. zhi/chih

to uphold, protect (Mathews, 996); Mong. saki(i]; 6th of the twelve lords of the day:

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v; gi

saki(i edr 36r ing gii edr sayin 48v.

gin [Ch. qian/chien (Mathews, 3233)]; the first trigram: gin-dr uira(san beri oroi-ta(an

Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugde-d toli bui 54r.

ging 1. [Chinese geng]; the 7th Heavenly stem; [see under geng]; 2. Tib. letter ki (Jschke,

3a): ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v.

gi [Ch. gui/kuei (Mathews 3628)]; the 10th of the ten heavenly stems: gi 52r; uu gi yile

7v; uu gi edr 7v; gi taulai sara 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; gi mo(ai a(

7v; gi qonin sara 7v; gi qonin a( 7v; gi takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; gi (aqai sara

1392
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

7v; gi (aqai a( 7v; gi ker sara 7v; gi ker a( 7v; im gi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/im yii

[=gi] 52r, 52r.

ii [Ch. yi/i (Mathews 3017)]; the 2nd Heavenly stem: ii 52r; ii geng; ii geng yile 7v; ii geng

edr 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ii qonin sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ii (aqai sara 7v;

ii ker sara 7v; ii taulai a( 7v; ii mo(ai a( 7v; ii qonin a( 7v; ii takiy-a a( 7v; ii (aqai

a( 7v; ii ker a( 7v; a ii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

janggn/sanggn [Ch. jiangjun/chiang-chn, the general, (Mathews 656.h.13)] ike

jangjun tenggeri, (Pentagot dictionary, 17445, p. 998); the Chinese asterism

tiandajiangjun/tien-ta-chiang-chn (the great celestial general), (, < and another star in

Andromeda and *, ,, ( and another star in Triangulum; ( Andromeda represented the Great

celestial general (Schlegel 1967: 339; Staal 1984: 55; Allen, 1963: 416; Ho 1966: 89); Tib.

tsan-kun (TEDP, 122-126): janggn, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r; janggn

doron-a 8r; sanggn umar-a 19r.

jen [Ch. zhen/chen (Mathews 315)]; the fourth trigram: jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar

tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

a [Ch. jia/chia (Mathews 610)]; first, chief; first of the ten heavenly stems: a ii 41r, 52r,

52r, 52r, 52r, 52r; a i kemek 7r; a yii yile 7v; a gi edr 7v; a baras sara 7v; a luu sara 7v;

a morin sara 7v; a bein sara 7v; a noqai sara 7v; a qulu(an-a sara 7v; a luu a( 7v; a

morin a( 7v; a bein a( 7v; a noqai a( 7v; a qulu(an-a a( 7v; a baras a( 7v.

1393
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

an [Ch. jian/chien (Mathews 853); Mong. eilegi]; to found, establish; 1st of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v; an eilegi edr 35v.

i/yii/gi/gii [Ch. ji/chi (Mathews 429)]; the 6th heavenly stem: i/gii 52r; a i kemek 7r; a

yii [=i] yile 7v; a gi [=i] edr 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; gi

takiy-a sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; gi mo(ai a( 7v; gi qonin

a( 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; gii (aqai a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v; uu gii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/uu ii 52r.

un [Ch. zhong/chung (Mathews 1504)]; n un bolbasu 6r; qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng

iu un bolbasu 6r.

kam [Ch. kan/kan (Mathews 3245)]; the second trigram: kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-ta(an

odu( bari(san bui bgde-d sayin 54r.

ke [Ch. kai/kai (Mathews 3204) to open; Mong. negegi]; 11th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

ke negegi edr 36v.

kun [Ch. kun/kun (Mathews 3684)]; one of the eight trigrams: kun-dur uira(san beri

bgde sayin buyan keig bari(san beri bui sayin 54r.

li un [Ch. li to fixand chun/chun spring (Mathews 3921a.34]; beginning of spring; first

of the twenty-four joints and breaths, about February 5-18 (see also Palmer, 66); qoyitu on li

un 7r.

lii [1. ?Ch. li (Mathews 3930 or 3931 to calculate; the calendar]; 2. [Ch. li (Mathews

3902)]; brightness; one of the eight trigrams: Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig

1394
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v; lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-i

keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52v; lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an qada(ur

bari(san beri bui. ma(u. mo(ai morin ilt beri-dr lemi ma(u 54r.

lingquu-a [Ch. lianqua/lian-hua (Mathews 4014.7)]; (urban odun-u dri inu lingquu-a

met bui 32r; lingquu-a met 59v.

Luuq-a odun [S. Rhu; Tib. gzachen; Ch. Luohou (Mathews 4099, 2142; Soothill and

Hodous, 472a)]; the Luuq-a star; the eighth day of the week; Rhu, after Chinese

transcription, Luo hou; in Hindu astronomy Rhu is the ascending node, where the moon

moves to the north of the suns path; its complement, Ketu, is the descending node where the

moon moves to the south; the nodes complete one revolution in just over 18 years; in Hindu

mythology Rhu is a demon who devours the sun or moon at eclipses; in Hindu astrology,

Rhu and Ketu are added to the seven bodies of the week, making the week nine days long;

by the 8th century A.D. Rhu and Ketu were names of the nodes in China (luohou and jizi

[Stone 1981: 25-36]); cf. also Burgess 1859: 194; MMAD, 32, n. 87; ODT, 94; Cornu 1997:

144; Indian Rhu and Ketu have an antecedent in Babylonian Tiamat, the dragon, that

stretched across the heavens, her head and her tail on the equator at opposite ends of a

diameter (Tester, 1987: 121): Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v.

man [Ch. man (Mathews 4326) to fill; Mong. dgrgi]; 3rd of the twelve lords of the

day]: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

man dgrgi edr 36r.

1395
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ping/bing [Ch. ping/ping (Mathews 5303); Mong. tbidkegi]; level; 4th of the twelve

lords of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v; ping tbidkegi edr 36r.

p [Ch. po/po (Mathews 5344); Mong. ebdegi]; to destroy; 7th of the twelve lords of the

day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v;

p ebdegi. edr 36r; bi p edr ma(u 48v.

sui [Ch. shui]; water; [see yuu sui]; ene on uu sui 7r.

aji [Ch. hsia zhi]; the summer solstice (see Mathews, 2521.18 (p. 372)); nara umar-a g

odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r; edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6v.

im [Ch. ren/jen (Mathews 3100)]; the 9th heavenly stem; the Mongolian transcription

reflects the Middle Chinese pronunciation of the term, which had a final -m; for the same

transcription in the Uygur Turfan documents, see Rachmati, 304: ding im yile 7v; ding im

edr 7v; im baras sara 7v; im baras a( 7v; im luu sara 7v; im luu a( 7v; im morin sara

7v; im morin a( 7v; im bein sara 7v; im bein a( 7v; im noqai sara 7v; im noqai a(

7v; im qulu(an-a ; im qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; im gi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r, 52r.

in/ing [Ch. xin/hsin (Mathews 2739)]; the 8th Heavenly stem: in 52r; bing in yile 7v;

in taulai sara 7v; in mo(ai sara 7v; in qonin sara 7v; in takiy-a sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v;

in ker sara 7v; bing in edr 7v; in taulai a( 7v; in mo(ai a( 7v; in qonin a( 7v; in

takiy-a a( 7v; in (aqai a( 7v; in ker a( 7v; ging in<g> 41r/ging in 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r,

52r.

1396
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iu [1. Ch. qiu/chiu (Mathews 1227)]; autumn, fall; 2. [Ch. shou (Mathews 5837); Mong.

quriya(i]; to gather in, put away; the 10th of the twelve lords of the day: Qoyar sara-dur edr

sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r; Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v; iu quriya(i edr 36v.

sn [Ch. sun (Mathews 5550)]; one of the eight trigrams: sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an

irbegel bari(san bui 54v.

sng [Ch. song/sung (Mathews 5565); an asterism comprising one star; it represents the

state of Sung, situated to the east of the modern province of Hunan; Schlegel gives it as 0

Serpens (Schlegel 1967: 537); Staal gives it as 0 Ophiuchi (Staal 1984: 135); (cf. also TU,

899): sng kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

tayiqu [Ch. taihu/tai-hou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother of the emperor: dayiwang tayiqu

52r, 53r.

tayisui [Ch. taisui/tai-sui (Mathews 6020.a 22)]; Jupiter; the "Great Year" star in Chinese

astrology; yin counterpart to the planet Jupiter; a star god that presides over the year; cf.

Smith, Chinese Astrology (1992): 6, 11; compare the Hindu god, Indra; tayisui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r,

12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; il-n tayisui 55v.

tayii [Ch. taishi/tai-shih (Mathews 6020.a 20)] grand master, imperial teacher; honorary

title of the first degree: qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v.

teng [Ch. deng/teng (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893))]; equal; Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un

bolbasu 6r; Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r

1397
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

teng iu un [Ch. deng/teng equal (Mathews, 6178 (p. 893)); Ch. qiu/chiu autumn

(Mathews, 1227 (p. 176)); Ch. zhong/chung middle (Mathews, 1504 (p. 213))]; the middle

month of autumn, i.e., the autumnal equinox; Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un bolbasu

6r.

tengse- to examine, probe: Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-

ud> terigten-iyer kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse i(ulqui-dur inu 38r.

uu [Ch. wu (Mathews 7197)]; the 5th Heavenly stem: uu gi yile 7v; uu gi edr 7v; im

baras sara 7v; im baras a( 7v; im luu sara 7v; im luu a( 7v; im morin sara 7v; im

morin a( 7v; im bein sara 7v; im bein a( 7v; im noqai sara 7v; im noqai a( 7v; im

qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; uu gii/jii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r.

i [Ch. wei (Mathews 7056); Mong. tgigi]; dangerous; perilous; 8th of the twelve lords

of the day: Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui

35v; i t[g]igi edr 36v.

yuu sui [Ch. yu rain; Ch. shui water]; constant rain; the second of the twenty-four joints

and breaths, occurring about February 19 to March 4; when the day begins at 6:53 a.m. and

ends at 6:14 p.m. (see Mathews, 7662.16 (p. 1147) and Palmer, 66); ene on uu [=yuu] sui 7r.

SANSKRIT

Abidarm-a [S. abhidharma; Tib. chos mngon]. name of the third section of the Buddhist

basic scriptures, constituting a systematization of the Buddhist scriptures; Mong. ayima( saba

(Lessing, 1159); deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal the tenets of the supreme Abhidharma (2v).

1398
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Abiji/Abaji [S. Abiji]; 20th nakshatra; 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es Abiji sara 14r;

Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r; Abiji na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v;

timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu 33v; nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i

eglgi Abiji buyu 34r; Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui 37v; im[n]us-un

ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji qoyar 45r; ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad

Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; mr (arqu edrn sayin

kemebes [. . .]Abiji [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .]Abiji [. . .]

sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Abaji [. . .] sayin 55v; Abaji [. . .] edd

in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; [. . .] Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v; drben r-e tasura(san

odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Anurad istan Mul

Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun

drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

abiig [S. abhisheka; T. dbang, dbang bskur]; consecration, initiation, ordination; for these

rites, see RRS, 578-585; arbun tabun-a a(-un krdn- abiig talbi(san sayin a( bui 10r;

abiig ab- 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v, 56v, 56v; abaig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v;

abaig abqu edrn sayin 56v; abaig abqu sayin edr 56v; takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r; abiig

kiged qutu( oroi(ulqu iles 38r.

adis [shortened from S. adhishthna, see adistid] n. blessing, benediction, consecration; cf.

RRS, 265; drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v.

1399
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

adistid [S. adhishthna, Tib. byin gyis brlabs pa] n. blessing, benediction, consecration;

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

Amindiu-a [S. Amitbha; Mong. a(lai gei gerelt]; the fourth dhyni-Buddha and the

ethereal form of kyamuni (see Getty, 37-39); Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar

naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r.

Anurad [S. anurdh]; the 15th nakshatra; 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 34r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r; saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu- 18r, 19r; qorin drben-e

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r; Anurad na(idar

29r; Anurad-du deged idi olqu boluyu 38r.

Ardar [S. rdr]; the fourth nakshatra: Ardar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v; Ardar na(idar 26r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan

itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]Ardar [. . .]sayin 37v; Ardar-dr buyan

ke[i]g sayitur nemey 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui

[. . .] 'al odun Ardar qoyar 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr

bolumui [. . .] Usun odun Ardar qoyar 45r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji

ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini

eden modun bui 61r; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek anu

ene bolai Margaar Ardar qoyar Qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; ireg mordaqu edr

kemebes [. . .] Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. .

.]Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v; iyerk qara edr ginggang ingpng giki edr ma(u. [. . .] Ardar

1400
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

[. . .] ma(u 53r; debel emsk sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Ardar [. . .] ma(u 56r; Ardar Asli(

ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes

Ardar Burnavasu qoyar 60v; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

The appearance of its nine stars is like a saw (26r); Usually given as one star, " Orionis, and

said to be like a gem. See Burgess and Rachmati.

ari [Tib. drang srong; Skt. rshi]; sage, hermit; (cf. Lessing, 1161); cf. also ODT, 65-66; ari

1v; ari-narun glegsen edrn belge 20r; arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-ii kemek ari-

narun glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek anu 47r.

Asli(/Asli( [S. les]; the 7th nakshatra: Asli( 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v,

15v, [16v], 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v; Asli( na(idar 27r; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i

Asli( buyu 33v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Asli( [. . .] ma(u 48v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani

ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui.

i(ulin l yabumui 60v; drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r; Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r.

asuri [S. asura; Tib. lha ma yin; Mong. tngri busu]; a class of demi-gods, enemies of the

gods in Hindu mythology (Lessing, 1161); titans; antigods (cf. also Waddell 1978: 81-82). 'al

odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar bui 22v.

1401
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Aivani/Auvani [S. Avin]; the 27th nakshatra: Aivani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 52r, 59r, 59v; Aivani sara Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r; Aivani na(idar/Auvani na(idar 32r;

o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] 'al odun Aivani qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Aivani qoyar 44v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Usun odun Aivani qoyar

45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Aivani qoyar 45r; Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad

Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Aivani sayin

48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Aivani sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebes [. . .] Aivani [. . .] odun sayin 51r; [. . .] Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes

sayin 56r; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin

56v; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i

il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. [. . .] umara Udaribadaribad kiged Aivani

qoyar 60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

Badm-a dagini [S. padma lotus; S. dkin]; Padma dkin; one of the tabun dagini (five

dkin): Badm-a dagini 49v.

Bajar dagini [S. vajra thunderbolt; S. dkin]; Vajra dkin, one of the tabun dagini (five

dkin,): Bajar dagini-yin ndsn 3r; Bajar dagini 49r.

1402
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

baling do(in [Tib. gtor ma; Skt. bali]; a food offering to deities, usually made of dough

kneaded into various (often pyramidal) shapes (cf. Lessing, 80); cf. also RRS, 426-428; baling

do(in gik edrn belge 20v; baling do(in 39v; baling do(in qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r.

bandi/bandi [S. vandya one to be saluted]; novice in Buddhist orders; disciple or

famulus of a lama (Lessing, 82): bandi/bandi 22v, 23v, 24r, 26r; ba(ura(san bandi 24v;

bandi bombo kmn 31r.

bandida [S. pandita]; savant: bandida ingq-a sari 1v.

barama ia(ur-tan the caste of the wretched (31v); for various kinds of origins of people

see Srkzi BTD, 276, #3856.

Barani [S. Bharan]; the 28th nakshatra: Barani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 45r, 45v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r,

61v; Barani na(idar 32r.

biqar [S. vihara]; temple, monastery (cf. MMAD, 12, n. 22); biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r.

bodgalis [S. pudgala; Tib. gang zag]; individual; person: nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud

tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigten tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki

busu bgetele 1v; (urban a(-un uqa(-a edi bodgalis-dur ina(uki terigten itn barildaqui

iles keregt 1v.

bodisng [S. bodhisattva; Tib. byang chub sems dpa]; a bodhisattva, saintly person

approaching perfect enlightenment and thus becoming a Buddha: burqan-u qubil(an

Manjuari bodis[n]g in 2r; Manjuari bodis[n]g 2v; burqan bodis[n]g-nar 1v.

1403
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Buda dagini [S. buddha wisdom; S. dkin]; one of the tabun dagini (five dkin): Buda

dagini 49v.

Burnavasu [S. Punarvasu]; one of the nakshatra: Burnavasu 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 26r, 33r. 33v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v.

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad [S. Prvbhdrapad]; one of the nakshatra:

Burvabadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 31r, 33v,

34r, 37v, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 51r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; namurun terign

Burvabadari-bad sara 15r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r.

Burvabalguni [S. Prvphalgun]; one of the nakshatra: Burvabalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 37r, 37r, 44v, 45v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 59r,

59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Bruvabalguni na(idar 27v.

Burvasad [S. Prvsdh]; one of the nakshatra: Burvasad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v, 34r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v,

52r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Burvasad na(idar 30r; Burvasad

na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r.

Bus/Pus [S. Pusya]; one of the nakshatra: Bus 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v,

16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 37v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r,

61r/Pus 53r; Bus na(idar 2r, 2v, 19r, 26v; Bus sar-a 3r, 19r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Pus

1404
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui [. . .] Altan

odun Pus qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani ua( Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Pus [. . .] sayin 48v; Pus

Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v.

buyan [S. punya]; merit; virtue: buyan keig ebdere- 21v, 34r; buyan ke[i]g neme- 37v,

37v, 56r; buyan keig ba(ura- 41r; buyan keig delgerek 46v; buyan keig bolqu 50r; buyan

keig bari(san beri 54r; buyan iledbes 21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v, 26r, 29v, 30v, 31r,

32r, 32r, 34r, 35r; buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r; buyan oli( iledbes 31v;

buyan qurim iledbes 31v; buyan tegsmi 30v; nom buyan iledk-d sayin 60v; buyan-tu

8r, 13r, 16r, 45r, 45r, 60v, 61v; sayin buyan-u qur-a 1v; buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes 23r.

ista [S. Jyesth]; one of the nakshatra: ista 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign

ista sar-a 12r; ista na(idar 29v; o(tar(ui-dur ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; tngri-yin

i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 37v; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden

altan bui 61r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 48v; biig

to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus

Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Ardar Asli(

ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; drben belbesn odun kemebes

1405
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden

drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

The appearance of its three stars is like the antelope king (29v); ", F, J Scorpionis.

dagini [S. dkin; Tib. mkha gro ma (skywalker)]; a class of female spirits, prominent in

Buddhist tantras (Lessing, 1167) there are five dkin: 1. Bajar dagini = Vajra (thunderbolt)

dkin; 2. Radn-a dagini = Ratna (jewel) dkin; 3. Badm-a dagini = Padma (lotus) dkin; 4.

Garm-a dagini = Karma (action) dkin; and 5. Buda dagini = Buddha (wisdom) dkin; cf.

Beyer, 45; ODT, 44, 53; Loewe and Blacker, eds., 1981, 23: Bajar dagini 49v; Radn-a dagini

49v; Badm-a dagini 49v; Garm-a dagini 49v; Buda dagini 49v; Bajar dagini-yin ndsn 3r;

tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-<y>i ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v.

dandris/dandris [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud; Mong. ndsn]; tantra; see Lessing, 1191:

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; burqan-u nomla(san

sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a a(-un krdn 2r; Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; dandris-tur nomlar-un 37v.

diyan/dayan [S. dhyna]; meditation, contemplation: diyan-u ile iledbes 31r; ber-n

dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu

39r.

gabala [Tib. thod pa; Skt. kapla]; skull cup; a ritual implement; a symbol/attribute; cf.

RRS, 152-153,435; ODT, 18; Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r; gabala 47r.

galab [S. kalpa; Tib. skal pa]; eon, age; a mythological period of time in Buddhist

cosmology (Lessing, 346); 1 kalpa = 4,320,000 years; 72,000 kalpa = life of Brahma;1 kalpa

1406
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

= 1000 mahayugas;1 mahayuga = 4,320,00 years; each mahayuga has 4 smaller yugas in ratios

to each other of 4:3, 3:2 and 2:1; the last yuga, the kaliyuga, is 1/10 mahayuga = 432,000

years; this is a Babylonian number, the span of time given to the Babylonian kindom before

the flood in the histories of Berosos And Abydenus (Pingree, ISIS, 1963: 238); in the text the

four kalpa are given in terms of the Pythagorean four elements as opposed to the terms of the

horoscope, "formation, continuance, decline, and disintegration" which is more common; cf.

Dictionary of Buddhist Terms and Concepts, 211-214; (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali bui

33r; (al-un galab bol(a(i Barani bui; usun-u galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; usun galab

bol(a(i Jayitari bui; kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; key-yin galab bol(a(i

Burnavasu buyu 33r.

galbaranjan modun [Tib. dpag bsam lhon tsing; Skt. kalp-druma, kalpa vrksha]; the wish-

granting tree, a mythological tree (Lessing, 1170); Modun odun kemebes gelen galbaranjan

modun-u gara( bki 23r.

gara( [S. graha seizer, Tib. za]; planet; planets; known as seizer in Indian astrology

because they lay hold of the fates of men with their supernatural influence (Burgess 1859:

275; see also Stone 1981: 94): gara( 54v; taban gara( 2r; ndsn- geign-i nigleski

gara( 2r; gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v; qorin naiman na(idar-

lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu 21r; dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un

sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v; Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem 21v; Saran

odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r; 'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara(

bki 22v; do(in gara( 22v; tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v;

1407
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-un qa(an-u gara( bki 22v; Modun odun kemebes gelen

galbaranjan modun-u gara( bki 23r; Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara(

bki 23v; iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r; gara( tegs

inu sayin 24v; gara( ba yabuqui odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v; isn gara( 32v; niiged

gara( bui 33r; gara( odun-u sayin inu 38r; nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v; odun gara(

ede bgde-yin ein inu 55r; odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r; niiged gara(-

lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui 33r; gara(-ud 45v; gara(-ud-iyar; gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v; gara(-ud-un; gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in inu 39v;

gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v; gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v; gara(-un qubil(an 39v;

do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu 43r.

gargada [S. karkata]; crab: Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger 13r.

Garm-a dagini [S. karma action; S. dkin]; Karma dkin; one of the five dkin (49v).

gan [S. kshana]; moment, small fraction of time = the time of an arrow shot by a

marksman to pierce a leaf: eng terign gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar il buyu 5r; eng

terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi

buyu 5r; nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r.

Jagavar/Jagarvadi [S. Cakravartin; Mong. krdn erglgi qa(an]; The "Wheel

turning King" or ruler of the universe; cf. Lessing, 504; Waddell 1978: 389: kbegn

trbes Jagarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu boluyu 26v; tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali

bui 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a neret qoyar

odun bui 32v.

1408
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Jagr-a sambur-a Cakrasambara; the "Binder of Energy Centers," a purely symbolic tantric

deity; cf. Lopez (Tibet), 41; Beyer (1973): 41-42; Jagr-a sambur-a 1v; Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin

yosu(ar 3r.

Jayitari/ayitari/Jayitar [S. Citr]; one of the nakshatra: Jayitari 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 21r, 37v, 52r, 59r, 59v, 60v/ayitari 19v; a(-un krdn-

dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un

krdin-dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r; Jayitari na(idar 28r; o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari

na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; usun galab bol(a(i Jayitari bui 33r; miqai a(an Jayitari buyu

34r; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar

key-yin inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; debel qubasun

eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 56r; Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v;

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

The appearance of its one star is like a sabre (28v); " Virginis (Spica). Svt, the following

nakshatra is said to mean sword Citr is said to mean brilliant.

jindamuni/indamuni [S. cintmani; Tib. yid bzhin nor bu]; the wishfulling jewel; (cf.

ODT, 19); when the older Uigur form is the source, then the Mongolian form is indamuni;

when the source is via Tibetan, the Mongolian form is jindamuni; these alternative forms are

also found in the Mongolian translation of the Klacakra (KOT 144, 275): jindamuni 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r; gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v; lei

1409
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r; kelinit edrn belge inu

qara indamuni bui 20r; doro(i qandu(san jindamuni ene bui 45r; qara jindamuni

ene bui 45r; jindamuni met 59v;drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v.

Kerteg [S. Krttik]; the Pleiades; one of the nakshatra: Kerteg 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 34r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 53r, 55v,

56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun es Kerteg

sar-a 17r; Kerteg na(idar 17r, 25r, 32v.

Mahauvari Mahevara; his consort is Mahmy; he is trampled by Trailokyavijaya; cf.

Bhattachartya, 1924: 121, 147; Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, 5A17; Mahauvari tngri

kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigten-iyer kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u

nasun to(olan tengse i(ulqui-dur inu 38r; Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v.

Manjuari Majuri, the Bodhisattva who holds the Book of Wisdom and wields the

Sword of Knowledge, is the patron of mathematics or astrology; see Waddell 1978: 355-356;

Cornu 1997: 39. Manjuari 1v, 1v, 2v; deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id-aa

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id blam-a

Manjuari-dur mrgmi 1v; burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g in 2r; Manjuari-yin

Kitad-un oron buyu 2r; Enedk[e]g-ee ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r; odun-

lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai 2v.

maqabud [S. mah-bhtni; Tib. byung ba]; element; there are two systems of elements

used in the text: 1. the four elements: iroi (earth); kei (air); (al (fire) and usun (water);

1410
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

predominant in Indian astrology; and 2. the five elements: iroi (earth); modun (wood); (al

(fire); usun (water) and altan/temr (iron) predominant in Chinese astrology: maqabud 59v;

temr maqabud 54r; modun maqabud 54r; usun maqabud 54r; qorin naiman na(idar-yi tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral . . . okiyasu(ai 45r; beri-

yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r.

Maqagala/Mahagala [S. Mahkla, "The Great Black One]; (cf. ODT, 38-67); Maqagala-

yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r; Maqagala ba(uqu edr 46v; ede edd

Mahagala kiged rduvrma duvngli kibes sayin 47r.

Maq-a mayai Mahmya, "The Great Creative Illusion; a fierce tantric deity. Cf. Lopez

(Tibet), 179; Beyer, 41-42; Maq-a mayai 1v.

Maq-a maya[y-yin] ndsn The Mahmyatantra-nma; cf. Newman, p. 402; burqan

bodis[n]g-nar a(-un krdn ba. Jagr-a sambur-a terigten kiged Maq-a mayai Manjuari-

aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v.

Margiar [S. Mrgairs]; one of the nakshatra: Margiar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r, 59v, 60v; Banjar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-

sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi

3r; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; Margiar na(idar;

o(tar(ui-tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r; Margiar na(idar kemebes a(ui yeke

na(idar bui 25v; qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu 33v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Margiar qoyar 45r;

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun

1411
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Margiar qoyar 45r; Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden

modun bui 61r; Margaar Ardar qoyar qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v; basa mr (arqu

edrn sayin kemebes Margaar [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin

inu [. . .] Margaar [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Margiar [.

. .] sayin 51r; Margiar [. . .] beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Margaar [. . .]sayin 55v; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .]Margaar [. . .]

sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .]Margasar [.

. .]sayin 56v; Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v; Margaar Asli(

Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r; Margaar-dur

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v.

matar [Skt. makara]; sea monster or crocodile (Lessing, 530); cf. also Hackin, 167; matar

dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni 39r.

Mig [S. Mgha]; one of the nakshatra: Mig 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v,

61v; Mig na(idar 27r; Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r; Mig sara ebesn- ndsn

kkemi 2r; Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r, 3r; Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras

sar-a bol(au 2v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln es Mig sara 8r; takir no(i

kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i Mig buyu 33v; o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden (al bui 61r.

1412
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Mul [S. Mla]; one of the nakshatra: Mul 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 53r, 56r, 59r, 59v; Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u [=albin-u]

na(idar bui 29v; geg kmn-i bayan bol(a(i Mul buyu 33v; yer r-e tasulu(i Mul

buyu 34r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

Mul [. . .] sayin 37v; [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun edr qutu( oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad

buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui 37v; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Usun odun Mul qoyar 45r;

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar 45r; Sadabis Udaribadaribad

Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Anurad

istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes

[. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin

48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun sayin 51r; Burvabalguni

irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui. iles bgde-d ma(u kememi 60v; drben tan odun

kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar. 61r; Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul

eden drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v.

na(idar [S. nakshatra]; lunar mansion; there are twenty-eight; for a list of nakshatra

names in Mongolian, Tibetan and Sanskrit, see RRS, 671; for the Uygur stars of the

nakshatra, cf. Rachmati, 299-301; for correspondence of Hindu, Arab and Chinese systems,

cf. Burgess 1859: 344; for lists of stars in Hindu, Arab and Chinese asterisms, cf. Burgess

1859: 468; for nakshatra as months, cf. Burgess 1859: 174; for nakshatra star lore, cf.

Burgess 1859: 324-365; for the 28 asterisms in Tibet, cf. Cornu 1997: 131; na(idar 56v; Bus

1413
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

na(idar 2v; na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v; edr-n (ada(adu na(idar 3v; mar(ada-

yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v; odun na(idar 4r, 37v, 42r, 46r; nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i

nasuda inileki kereg 4v; odun na(idar uirabasu 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu(

oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral

bolumui 45r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r; odun

na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r; ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r; ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar

kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r; sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek

degrk ba. bara(daqui medek kereg 4v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr

kemek na(idar bui 25r; ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v; Margiar na(idar kemebes

a(ui yeke na(idar bui 25v; tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui 26r;

biqar qangin-u iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(idar 26r; Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru(

tasura(san na(idar kemey 26r; i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar bui 26v; Bus na(idar

kemebes tegs leyit na(idar bui 26v; nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu

na(idar bui 27r; (rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar bui 27r; Mig na(idar kemebes

ske-dr adali bui 27r; albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar bui 27v; Burvabalguni na(idar

kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai met na(idar 27v; ariyatan-u snesn na(idar kemey ula(an

gebri qakiraqu kemey 27v; Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar

1414
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kemey 27v; qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu na(idar kemey 28r; Qasta na(idar kemebes

qurdun yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r; erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar kemey 28r; Savadai

na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar 28v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un

o(talda(san na(idar kemey 28v; ua( na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar

bui 29r; ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar kemey 29r; emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an

na(idar anu tegsbe 29r; belbesn em-e kmn bk (aar bariqu na(idar kemey 29v;

ista na(idar kemebes im[n]us-un na(idar bui 29v; do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar

kemey 29v; Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u na(idar bui 29v; quya( ems'ki na(idar

kemey 30r; Burvasad na(idar kemebes erketen- na(idar bui 30r; timed erdeni bolqu

na(idar bui 30v; Abiji na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v; kl-n na(idar

bui 30v; irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v; emegen- snesn

na(idar 31v; Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban kl met bui 32r; umara g-n

usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede

dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul

Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Kerteg Barani

ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v;

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin

inar bui 45v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin

56v; li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v; na(idar-a na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar

il(abasu 61r; tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v; tegni qoiyad

qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei 3v; aliba odun na(idar-<y>i endegre

1415
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ese medebes 4v; odun na(idar-i l medek bges tegni medeki ar(-a inu 4v; edr-n

odu-yi medebes na(idar-<y>i tegber medek bolai 5r; na(idar-<y>i eilek-yin ner-e ene

bui 59r; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i tabun

maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r; Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r; Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar

r geyim 9r; Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r; ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; ista

na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r; Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r; Abiji na(idar-iyar r

geyim 14r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r; Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim

16r; Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r; Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r; Bus na(idar-

iyar r geyim 19r; Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen 32v; qorin

naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek

krdn ene bui 21r; na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v;

Bus na(idar-tu trgi 2r; Kerteg na(idar-tur burqan takibasu 25r; Rkini na(idar-tur

in-e debel abubasu 25r; Ardar na(idar-tur burqan btgebes 26r; Asli( na(idar-tur eliy-e

ldebes 27r; Jayitari na(idar-tur im[n]us btgebes 28r; Anurad na(idar-tur mr

(arbasu 29r; Udarisad na(idar-tur burqan-i takibasu 30r; Tanista na(idar-tur mr (arbasu

31r; Sadabis na(idar-tur aliba ola eribes 31r; Burvabadaribad na(idar-tur beri

ba(ul(abasu 31r; Udarbadaribad na(idar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu 31v; Rivadai na(idar-tur

ger baribasu 31v; Auvani na(idar-tur in-e debel okiyabasu 32r; odun na(idar-un krdn

2r; odun ba na(idar-un uaral 2v; yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-

un neres-iyer nereyidk 3r; qorin naiman na(idar-un yabudal 24v; doron-a g-n modun-u

dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r; na(idar-un sayin 37v; gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un

1416
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sayin ma(u uaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v; na(idarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r; beri-yi

l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r; na(idar-un ner-e 59r; na(idar-un ner-e odun-

u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud ene bui 59v; Enedk[e]g-n keleber. na(idar-a sam-a yokibani

32r.

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna [S. Ngrjuna; Tib. Klu sgrub; Mong. Luus btgsen]; name of the

famous founder of the Mdhyamika school of thinking (2nd cent. A. D.) which posed that

things have no substance, no essence, no independent existence of any kind, but exist only

as aggregates of condition and relations (Lessing, 1177, 1189); Nagajun-a ba(i terigten

merged a(-un krdn terigten sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r; Nagajuna ba(i nomlaba 4r;

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr(arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-[y]i ek

krdn bui 49v; arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal inu busu buyu

kemebes. b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek kiged il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r;

Nagajun-a-yin; arban qoyar itn barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee Nagajun-a-

yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai 2v; Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v.

Qasta [S. Hasta]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Qasta 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 46v, 53r, 59r, 59v; Qasta na(idar kemebes qurdun

yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r; ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-droro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v;

Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral

bolai. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu(

oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

kki ma(u uaral bolumui. iroi odun Qasta qoyar 45r; Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar

1417
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g

Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qasta<n> Jayitar[i] Suvadai eden (al bui 61r; mr (arqu

edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Qasta

[. . .] sayin 48v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 56r; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista

Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta

Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Qasta Jayitar qoyar [. . .]

60v; Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r.

qumq-a [S. kumbha]; vase, pitcher; vessel; (cf. ODT, p. 18); o(tu edrn belge qumq-a

bui 20r.

rabnas [Tib. rab gnas; Skt. pratishth]; benediction, consecration of an image, temple, etc.;

(cf. Jschke, 621; Lessing, 651); rabnas oroi(ul- 21v, 24r, 46v, 61v; rabnas keyiki sayin

edr 37v.

Radn-a dagini [S. ratna jewel; S. dkin]; Ratna dkin; on of the the five dkin (tabun

dagini [49v]).

ra(as/ra(is/ra(is [S. rksasa; Tib. srin po]; ogres; demons associated with the Yeaks,

a Dravidian people from the south of India. Cf. Hackin, pp. 214-215. Cf. also ODT, p. 14,

passim.; ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v; Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes ra(is-un

qo(olai met na(idar 27v; tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar 28v.

Raqula [S. Rhula]; Rhula is another term for Rhu, the moon's ascending node, a

mythological planet, the monster in the heavens, which by the ancient Hindus and others was

1418
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

believed to occasion the eclipses of the sun and moon by attempting to devour them; for a

detailed description of attributes, etc., cf. ODT, 259-263; Waddell 1978: 377; Smber a(ula-

yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar

inggeldmi 38v.

raiyan/raiyal [S. rasyana]; holy water; cf. RRS, 152; raiyan edr-n belge erdini bui

20r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v; qoyar usu uarabasu

raiyan uaral 45v; raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v.

riddi qubil(an [S. nirmna rddhi; Tib. rdzu phrul]; magical transformation; miracle,

magic, sorcery (Lessing, 1181; RRS, 626); yeke rid'i qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara bolai

8r.

Rivadi/Rivadi [S. Revat]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rivadi 9v, 10v, 12v, 14v,

15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 59r, 59v/Rivadi 8v, 11v, 21v; Rivadi na(idar 31v; nigen biteg

tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i Rivad'i buyu 33v; iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i](al-dur

timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Rivadi
ede sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v; Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu

kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani

eden usun bui 61r; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Rivadi [. . .] sayin 56r; drben

tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r; Margaar Asli( Jayitar

Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan obo(-tan buyu 61r.

1419
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Rkini/Rokini [S. Rohin]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Rkini 10v, 11v,

16v/Rkini 8v, 9v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59r;

Rkini na(idar 25r; nigen ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v; bayan kmn-i

gegriglgi Rkini buyu 33v; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

Rkini [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 37v; na(idar-un sayin inu [. . .] Rkini [. . .] odun edr

qutu( oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral bolumui. [. . .] iroi odun Rkini

qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Altan odun

Rkini qoyar 45r; Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar

iroy-yin inar bui 45v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes Rkini [. . .] odun sayin 51r;

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes Rkini [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn

sayin [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 55v; Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui

60v; Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni

Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r Rkini-tur busud-i

ilaqui 37v.

Sadabis [S. atabhisaj]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Sadabis 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Sadabis na(idar 31r; qota

bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 37r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba

noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Sadabis sayin 37r; odun na(idar

1420
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Sadabis qoyar 45r; Sadabis

Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 48v; Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis

ke[i]g-n odun bui. ed mal l (ar(amui 60v; naiman ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Sadabis
Burvabadaribad qoyar bui 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l

tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

sadhu good; perhaps this refers to Skt. shdu "good." If this is correct, then perhaps the

correct translation would be, "The [raja] said shdu 'good' [and asked] . . . ." (32v); (see G.

Kara, 1979: 199, where the term shdu is given in an astrological text in the Uigur form satu):

sadhu kemeged arli( bolurun 32v.

sam-a [S. ?]; ?planet: na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

Suvadi/Suvadi [S. Svti]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Suvadi 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 53r, 59r, 59v/Suvadi 12v, 21r; Suvadi na(idar

kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar bui 28v; nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i

Suvadi buyu 33v; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Suvadi ma(u 37v;

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu. [. . .] iroi odun Suvadi qoyar 45r; Aivani

BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar

bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden (al bui 61r; ber'i

ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] odun sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Suvadai

1421
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

[. . .] sayin 55v; Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai ua( Anurad Udarisad Abaji irvan Tanis

Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [.

. .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu.

[. . .] Suvadai [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu

kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san

naiman na(idar bui. [. . .] emne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan

Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v.

Smber [S. Sumeru]; Mt. Sumeru; the mythological mountain in the center of the world

in Buddhist cosmology; Smber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r; Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i

odun 32v, 32v.

a(abad [S. iksh-pada]; rules of religious life, especially for monks; vow to keep these

rules (Lessing, 748); a(abad tegldr (boluu) 28r, 29r; toyin bolbasu a(abad-iyan

alda(ad 27r; a(abad-iyan ebdek 29v; toyin bolbasu agabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad

56v.

astir [S. stra]; treatise: astir medegid-e ma(u 30v; Kitad-un astir-aa uqa(daqui 2r;

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v; (aru(san astir-tur

bertegin kbegn iles iledk bges 2r; Kitad to(alaqui astir-tur 2r.

idi/idi [S. siddhi; Mong. translated by various forms of bt-]; magic, supernatural

power, certain mundane and supernatural gifts of which often eight are enumerated (Lessing,

698); cf. also RRS (652-653); Waddell (141); Poppe (1967: 84); the Mongolian translation

of the Klacakra, using the transcription system of Ayushi Gushi, gives iddhi (KOT 127,

1422
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

passim); the transcription in the manual follows the older Mongolian method derived from

Uygur (Poppe 1967: 30, passim); Anurad-du deged idi olqu boluyu 38r; qoyar iroi

uirabasu idi btky-yin uaral 45v; idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v.

irvan/irvang/iravan [S. ravana]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: irvan 9v, 10v,

[11v], 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 45v, 48v, 55v, 56r/irvang 8v, 12v,

21r, 44v, 59r, 59v/iravan 56v; irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v;

Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v; drben belbesn odun kemebes

Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan kiged buyu 61r; Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin

inar buyu 61r; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-

tan buyu 61v.

ua(/Sua( [S. Vikh]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: ua( 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 52r, 61r/Sua( 8v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Enedk[e]g-n a(-

un krdn-dr qaburun es ua( sara 11r; Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du

na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk 3v; o(tar(ui-dur ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r; ua(

na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin

edr kemebes [. . .] ua( ma(u 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal

uiral bolai. [. . .] Usun odun ua( qoyar 44v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki

uaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .] Saran odun ua( qoyar 45r; Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad

Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v; Asli( ua( irvan Barani

eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin

55v; debel emsk sayin edr kemebes [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin 56r; biig to(-a sur(aqu ba

1423
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin 56v; Bus Asli( ua( Qasta

ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui sayin 56v; ua( Auvani Mig

Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; Kerteg ua( qoyar ing bged gelen obo(-tan buyu

61v.

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa [S. Dhanisth]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Tanista 8v, 8v,

9v, 10v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v/Tanis 11v, 16v, 18v, 19v, 53r;

Tanista na(idar 31r; kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v;

qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar

tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Tanista qoyar 45r; odun na(idar

qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui. [. . .]iroi odun Tanista qoyar 45r;

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui

45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun bui 61r; mr

(arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [.

. .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v; [. . .] Tanis [. . .] ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .]Tanista [. . .] sayin 56r; Ardar Asli( ista Tanista

i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v; ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Anurad Tanisa

qoyar [. . .] 60v; Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk

obo(-tan buyu 61v.

tarni [S. dhran]; magic spells mostly consisting of Sanskrit syllables or words and/or

unintelligible phonetic units used in ritual; charms, dharani, mantra: tarni uribasu 25v, 30r,

32r, 34v, 34v, 61r; irken tarni uribasu 25v; arvis tarni uribasu 25v.

1424
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tib [S. dvpa]; continent: bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi 55r.

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad [S. Uttarabhdrapad]; one of the twenty-eight

nakshatra: Udaribadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v,

52r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarbadaribad na(idar 31v; inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i

Udaribadaribad buyu 33v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribadaribad

[. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37v; Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an na(idar

usun-u inar bui 45v; Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden

usun bui 61r; Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar Luu edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; mr

(arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg mordaqu edr

kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu

[. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .]

Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaripad [.

. .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 55v; em

neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 56r; Burvabadaribad

Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui. kgsed-n nom-du [...] 60v; qorin naiman

na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. umara Udaribadaribad

kiged Aavani qoyar 60v; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r; Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r.

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni [S. Uttaraphalgun]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra:

Udaribalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v;

1425
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; o(tar(ui-tur

Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r; Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n

na(idar 27v; qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37r;

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [.

. .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin
37r; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]

Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37v; na(idar-un sayin inu [. . .]Udaribalguni [. . .] odun edr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v; odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-

iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .] Altan odun Burvabalguni Udaribalguni qoyar 44v;

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin

inar bui 45v; Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al bui 61r;

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edr uirabasu ma(u 46v; ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [.

. .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 48v; basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn

sayin anu. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 56v; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u

odun bui. dayisun-a ol(obasu sayin 60v; drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni

qoyar 61r; Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun ingbatu obo(-

tan buyu 61r; Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v.

Udarisad/Udarasad [S. Uttarsdh]; one of the twenty-eight nakshatra: Udarisad 8v, 9v,

10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r, 59v; Udarisad na(idar 30r;

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r; qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan

isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37r; sm-e keyid ba ger

1426
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; sm-e keyid ba nom burqan

itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v; Rkini ista

Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v; Anurad

istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r; Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker edr

uirabasu ma(u 46v; mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ireg

mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v; ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun

kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 51r; tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad

[. . .] sayin 55v; debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 55v; [. . .]

Udarisad [. . .] in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r; basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin

bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 56v; Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad

btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v; qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i

il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui. rn-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar

60v; Udarisad-dur kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r.

Uma the goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. Cf. Mostaert MMAD, 17, n. 39. Uma is given

in Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons, V. I and II, 5B 36, p. 177; cf. also ODT, 45. Jagarvar-un

qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun 32v.

vair [S. vajra; Tib. rdo-rje; Mong. dorji]; vajra, thunderbolt; a guru's weapon, symbolic of

the thunderbolt of Indra (Jupiter); (cf. Waddell 1978: 27; ODT, 23); naiman ayima( i(ul'qu

edrn belge inu vair bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r; drben odun-

u dri vair met bui 31r; vair 38r arimdu( vair 38r.

1427
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

Vima Vima is perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW, 979). In the manual there appears

to be two forms of Vima, one female, Queen Vima, daughter of heaven, known by the

nakshatra, Hasta, and another male, the supreme lord known as Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

Vim-a [39v]); the apparent Mongolian translation of Vima is found in an interrogative section

of the the Naran-u jirken neret sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; Skt. Sryagarbhastra), a

source cited by the manual, in the form tngri-yin kin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 532; see also

Bawden, "Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen," p. 327): bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a

neret qatun buyu 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a

neret qoyar odun bui 32v; Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; Vim-a neret qatun

Qasta buyu 34r; tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-

aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein qa(an kemegdey 39v.

ya(as/yaa(-a [Tib. gnod sbyin; Skt. yaksha; Mong. qoor gggi]; a class of demigods,

guardians of riches attendants of the god of wealth (Bisman-Kubera), sometimes described

as evil (Lessing, 1172); cf. also RRS, 663; Waddell 1978: 84; Cornu 1997: 252; ODT, 32;

Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-un [=yaa(-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( bky-yin tula. usun inar

bui 22v; ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v, 38v.

yokibani [S. ?]; ? bow for the completion of: na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

TIBETAN

aa Tib. letter, a: ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r; [Yang Gung-ii

kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek] belgeinu ula(an sg bui 47v.

blama [S. guru; Tib. bla ma]; lama; a teacher of the root tantra: blam-a Manjuari 1v.

1428
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

oga [Tib. o-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jschke, 161); luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r; ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r; oga kibes

32r; tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; oga-yin ile 45v.

bombo [Tib. bon po]; bon priest, follower of the Bon religion: bombo 26r; bombo kmn

4v, 5r; bandi (ba) bombo 22v, 24v, 26r, 31r; tlii gbes bombo-nardur ma(u 30v.

oga [Tib. o-ga]; the way or method of doing a thing, esp. used of magic performances

(Jschke, 161); luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r; ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r; oga kibes

32r; tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v; oga-yin ile 45v.

ua( [Tib. chu-tshags, 1. sieve; 2. watering pot (Jschke, 158)]; star spirit, geomantic

spirit, (TEDP, 129-132): ua( kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v.

gdanm-a [Tib. gtan "consort" + -m-a ?feminine ending]; consort; cf. Das, 521; arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v.

ging 1. [Chinese geng]; the 7th Heavenly stem; [see under geng]; 2. Tib. ki (Jschke, 3a):

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v.

ginggang [Tib. king kang/kang dang king]; a terrifying deity, which is said to signify

Rhu/Rhula; (cf. Jschke, 3b, 2b); cf. also Mostaert DO, 548; ODT, 147; ginggang gik

edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v; ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg

bui 20v; ginggang kemebes nara sara bari(i do(in gara( kememi qamu(-i geyireglgi

qara imu kemem 42v; iyerk qara edr ginggang ingpng giki edr ma(u 53r.

gzangdang [Tib. gza bdun]; planet: Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanblan

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

1429
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ildanbala [Tib. ldan ba la]; completion: Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

isgarma [Tib. skar ma] star: Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

jii/ji Tib. zi: ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v.

jva Tib. tse: do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r.

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] [Tib. phyag btsol lab]; phyag btsol to prostrate oneself,

bow down + lab to speak, tell; the first grapheme is transcribed with the galig k, i.e., a bow

with straight pin; as the Manchu method of distinguishing k and g is used throughout the

remainder of the text, perhaps the otherwise superfluous galig k is used here to mark a

Tibetan aspirated labial plosive, p: Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r.

sa Tib. sa: (aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r; qariqui edrn belge

inu qara sa sg bui 20r.

ingpng/ingbng [Tib. Zin p'ung]; a kind of genius loci (cf. Waddell 458); ingpng

gik edr 20v, 53v; qara ingpng giki anu 42r; qara ingpng-n yabudal kemebes 42r;

qara ingpng-yin belge inu qara zi sg bui 42v.

UNCERTAIN TERMS

abalabasu/ablabasu 1. if one hunts in a drive; 2. if one allures, seduces; 3. if one hurts

through magic incantations; abala- to hunt in a drive must be distinguished from abla- to

1430
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

seduce; to hurt through magic; the orthography gives only abalabasu; in some instances

context gives a hint to the translation, i.e., kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu 36r; okin

bo(talabasu (uyubasu ablabasu 36v; okin bo(talabasu ablabasu 37r; other occurrences are

less certain; the translation given is if one hunts in a drive, but perhaps the if one hurts

through magic incantations is correct: abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v.

amatu sn-e ?milk at the mouth; perhaps tianru/tien-ju (Mathews 6362, 3144), a single star

(: Librae) at the mouth of gang/kang, the 2nd xiu (Ho 1966: 83): yeke amatu sn-e-dr morin

buu dobtul 33v; amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r.

ba(atud the heroes: (aar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v; (aar-un ba(atud-un tere g ereg ba

negdel buu od 58v.

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn ?the tantra of Vajradkin.

bati bata ?: bati bata gik edrn belge 20v.

biqar qangin Mostaert notes that this is probably for biqar keyid; biqar > Skt. vihara

"temple, monastery," (MMAD, 12, n. 22), but perhaps the reference is to a monastery in

Qangin, Inner Mongolia, to a person, Biqar qa(an, or to the deified king Pe-har (Waddell

1978: 371); biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r.

biyoo ?Ch. biao; perhaps this term is associated with the Chinese star term, Ch-men. The

term is given as bayuu; I transcribe b'yuu; for byuu, cf. Heissig, Die mongolischen

Handschriften--Reste aus Olon Sme Innere Mongolei (16.-17. Jhdt), p. 508; in the pentaglot

dictionary under the types of gods (Man. enduri i hacin) there is a Manchu deity, biyoo

1431
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(17457, p. 999); this is Chinese can gong (Mathews tsan, silkworm, 6698, p. 983; kung

palace, temple, dwelling, 3705, p. 544), Mong. irkegn tngri: biyoo 58v.

boskil ?: boskil sauu 24r.

o( neret ebesn ?cinder grass; o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r.

dayiwang tayiqu [Ch. daiwang; Ch. taihou (Mathews, 6020.a.10)]; mother and father of

the emperor; as one of the four demons of a bride, context suggests that this pair belong as one

star spirit (52r); compare the celestial emperor (tianwang) and the heavenly empress (tianhou

[Schlegel 1967: 100, 149, 164]): dayiwang tayiqu 53r; beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes

dayiwang dayiqu itgen eke. lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai

52r.

degreng sang ?full treasury: degreng sang mr (arbasu sayin 49r.

edged ?a variant form of edge: edged-nedged-n nigen on (urban a(un iran edr

bol(au 6v.

ger-n qo(osun ?the doppelgnger of a [heavenly] loci (48v). It is said that the empty

home is of such bad quality it is demonized. See Srkzi BTD, 2437, p. 187. Mostaert, citing

Jschke, gives a Tibetan equivalent as k'ang-stong "an empty house, which is thought a fit

place for sorcery and necromancy (MMAD, 36, n. 94; Jschke, 38a). The reference must also

have an astrological meaning, which is more relevant. The term qo(osun refers to an occult

form or doppelgnger (Ch. kong/kung empty [cf. Ho 2003: 122]), and ger, a celestial house

as in the signs of the zodiac. See, for example, the phrase ordon inu qo(osun in the

Klacakra (KOT 77). Cf. also under qo(osun and qo(osun qumq-a.

1432
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

geresengeri ?bear; ?antelope: geresengeri 59r.

gq-a ?hook [transcription and translation uncertain]: jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar

tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v.

iiten ?prophets: iiten tbidk iles (61r).

keig erdeni qa(an the blessed jewel king. Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u

gara( bki 23r.

lungru ?a kind of flower: lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r.

modun im[e]g bein ?[=modun-u im[e]g bein]; the monkey, ornament of the trees

(14r).

no(i ?cripple: takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i Mig buyu 33v.

im ?perhaps im, deverbal noun from i-, to pray, offer, testify, and so offertory;

egden-dr igerde morin im ula(an debelt ba ula(an (ajar bui--a 22v.

qangin ?a place name; Mostaert notes that biqar qangin is probably for biqar keyid; biqar

> Skt. vihara "temple, monastery," (MMAD, 12, n. 22); biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r.

sam-a [S. ?]; ?planet: na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r.

sn-e ?: amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r; yeke amatu sn-e-dr morin buu dobtul

33v.

sun-a ?; [compare sn-e??]: yeke sun-a odun 59r.

sing ?; a celestial palace: sing kemek edr mr (arbasu dumda 49v.

abu ?: abu kiged-n g buu yabu 53r.

sarid [?=arid] deledbes, ? if one beats penitence, i.e., practices flagellation (28v).

1433
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ibad ?birds; tentative rendering of sibad < siba[(u]d. Perhaps the term sibad refers to

"hermaphrodites." In Srzi's BTD there is saba "hermaphrodite," 8774. That with a plural

d, and an i in the first syllable instead of the a in order to distinguish the word from saba

"container" gives this reading; ibad-un qurim kibes 44r.

ingq-a sari ?[personal name]; ?the lion throne; perhaps the famous Uygur translator of the

10th century, Sngqu-a Sli Tutung (cf. Elverskog and Zieme); perhaps an epithet of Buddha,

bandida igqua sari the teacher on the lion throne: tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a

sari gler-n 1v.

irad ?yellow things; sarad [=irad]-nu(ud-iyar ime 24v.

irid/irad ?relics; reliquary; the forms here are closer to arid penitence, abstinence than

to aril holy relics, but the context of the entries, i.e., the verbal forms to which they are

objects, as well as their association with the terms subur(an and qubil(an in adjoining

auspices, seems to indicate the latter meaning; see RRS, 165, 366; irad kibes 23v; irid-n

ger baribasu 26v.

itgen- eke/itgen eke mother of the sitgen (8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r, 52r, 53r); perhaps this refers to Tr, who is described as a mother . . . on

whom her devotees can rely for help (Beyer 1973: 55); cf. also Waddell 1978: 434-437. The

term eke-yin itgen is commonly found in the Klacakra and other sources (KOT 56).

takir no(i kmn crippled person (33v).

tan honored ones, i.e., those of rank, to whom tan is used as an honorific pearll: drben

tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i qoyar 61r.

1434
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tngri-yin ayul heavenly danger (49r).

tngri-yin ordo the heavenly palace; perhaps this refers to the Central Celestial Palace, i.e.,

the North Pole (Schlegel 1967: 523-524; Staal 1984: 126): tngri-yin ordo-dur mr (arbasu

sayin 49r.

tngri-yin qo(olai the throat of heaven (49v).

tngri-yin qula(ai the heavenly thief (49r).

tngri-yin segder the shadow of heaven; perhaps this refers to the eclipse shadow (49v).

kgsed-n nom ?the book of the dead (60v). The reference is likely to a funerary text.

See the term kgsed, a plural form of kgsen (that which has died), in the Altan Saba

(Golden vessel [Krueger 1965: 232, passim; Srkzi 1989: 320]).

ker-n sn the hair of the ox; a celestial palace; a star spirit; perhaps this refers to the

Chinese asterism niu, the ox, the constellation marking the winter solstice (Schlegel 1967:

492): ker-n sn mr (arbasu ma(u 49r.

Vima Vima is perhaps a truncated form of Vimala (MW, 979). In the manual there appears

to be two forms of Vima, one female, Queen Vima, daughter of heaven, known by the

nakshatra, Hasta, and another male, the supreme lord known as Celestial Vima (tngri-yin

Vim-a [39v]); the apparent Mongolian translation of Vima is found in an interrogative section

of the the Naran-u jirken neret sudur (Heart of the sun sutra; Skt. Sryagarbhastra), a

source cited by the manual, in the form tngri-yin kin (Kanjur, vol. 82, p. 532; see also

Bawden, "Astrologie und Divination bei den Mongolen," p. 327): bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a

neret qatun buyu 32v; Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a

1435
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

neret qoyar odun bui 32v; Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; Vim-a neret qatun

Qasta buyu 34r; tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek qoyar-

aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein qa(an kemegdey 39v.

vimading ? a celestial palace and star spirit: vimading kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin

49v.

yeke sun-a odun ?: 59r.

yilig ?[Uy. yilig]; hot, warm, (see Clausons dictionary, p. 925); yilig 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 12v, 13v, 16v.

LAW/JURISPRUDENCE

ar(u lawsuit: ar(u a(aldubasu 42v; ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v.

a(aldu- to litigate: ar(u a(aldubasu 42v.

qa(al- to investigate; decide; judge: ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v.

yal-a punishment: qula(ai kibes yal-a-dur oroqu 41r.

yal-a yangqa crime: yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23r.

MILITARY

bata sabre: nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui 28v.

bayiri battlefield: bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v.

erig/ereg/ireg/irig soldier; soldiers; army: erig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 29r;

ereg mordobasu 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 61v; ireg

1436
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

mordobasu 41r, 45r; ireg mordaqui 46r; ireg mordaqu edr 48v; irig mordabasu 44r; erig

buu morda 34v; aman-dur irig buu morda 55r; irig ayan mordabasu 42r; niru(un-tur erig

ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v; ereg uduridbasu 23r, 24v; irig uduridbasu 40r; ireg degerm-e

odbasu 31r; ireg kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 32r; irig degerm-e kiged do(in iles 40r; ereg

ba negdel buu od 58v; irig-ee busud-dur ma(u 48v; ereg-n noyan 21v; dayisun-u ereg-

n noyan 22r, 23v, 24r; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 24v; ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v;

ereg-n noyan kk 40r; tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v.

erig-n noyan [T. dmag-dpon]; the commander of the army; a Buddhist term, one of the

Seven Jewels (see RRS, 141); ereg-n noyan 21v; dayisun-u ereg-n noyan 22r, 23v, 24r;

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 24v; ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; ereg-n noyan kk

40r; tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v.

dayisun [Tib. nad-dgra]; enemy: isun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r; dayisun darubasu

21v; dayisun daruqu iles 31r; dayisun eserg ire- 22r, 24r, 24v; kbegn trbes dayisun

olan bolu(ad 28v; ese sana(san (ajar-aa dayisun bolqu 42v; dayisun ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v,

50v, 50v, 50v; dayisun uaraqu 49v; dayisun bolqu 50v; nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i

odun 59r; dayisun-a ol(a- 34v, 50v, 60v; inadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r; dayisun-dur

ol(o-/ol(a- 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v, 49v, 50v; dayisun-i eserg ireki-tr 21v, 23r, 23v;

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 21v; dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r; dayisun-i daru- 22r, 22r, 23r,

23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25v, 29r, 45r, 46r; dayisun-i daruqu iles 23v, 26r, 29r, 42v;

dayisun-i kesegeki mandal egdbes 31v; dayisun-i qari(ulun idamu 32v; dayisun-lu(-a

(adquldubasu 29v, 32r; dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n

1437
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

sayin 48v; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan 23r; dayisun-u

ner-e-yi biibes sayin 27r; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu 27v, 32r; dayisun-u

qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v; dayisun-i [=dayisun-u]

ayul bolqu 46r; ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v; dayisun-u qotan

bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v.

dobtul- to gallop ones horse; to charge: morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin dobtulbasu 22v,

23v, 30v, 31v, 35r.

(adasun [Tib. mdung]; nail; lance; the term refers to a weapon, a ritual instrument, symbol

or attribute (cf. ODT, 15-16); and to stars; in ancient Greece Anaximenes draws a basic

distinction between the planets and the fixed stars; the stars are fastened like nails in the

ice-like vault of the sky (Burkert, 311); this concept is similarly held by the Mongols; thus,

the term does not merely refer to the north pole (altan (adasun), but to other stars as well; the

idea of the north pole as a nail is also widely held; the harmony of the spheres is a world

conception of three domains and seven or nine skies, one over the other, with corresponding

underworlds, and a world pillar, the axis mundi, running through the center of the whole

system, crowned by the north Nail or world nail (Polaris [De Santillana, 123]); doro(i

qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r; gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r; (adasun qari(ulbasu

23v; qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v; deged Uma neret (adasun 32v;

(adasun qadququi 38v.

(adquldu- to fight with another; to do battle; the initial consonant reflects Ordos

pronunciation, the common classical form being qadquldu (see Poppe, 1955: 134): dayisun-

1438
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r; (adquldubasu 21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r; dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu

29v, 32r; (adquldumui 43r, 43r; qubi sarayin inein (urban tabun qorin-a (adquldumui 43r;

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v; tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr

kemebes 43r; dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr 48v.

ildn sword, sabre: qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r.

kegeri standard: ula(an kegeri bariu 21v; qara kegeri bariju 22r; kke kegiri bariu 23v;

a(an keg[e]ri bariu 23v; ara kegeri bariu 24v.

kesege- to subdue, e.g., an enemy; to chastise, discipline: dayisun-i kesegeki mandal

egdbes 31v; busud-i kesegeki 46r.

kiiri standard: qara kiiri bariu 23r; ara kiiri bariu 23r.

mese any edged weapon or tool; knife; dagger: mese keyibes 16r; debel quya( mese qara-

nu(ud-i ime 23r; ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v; mese met 59v; burqan-

u ein mese-dr ky 34v.

mordo-/morda- to mount ones horse; to set off on a campaign: erig mordobasu naran

ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v; erig mordobasu edr dli morda 23r; ereg mordobasu erte

mana(ar morda 23v; ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r; erig buu morda 34v,

55r; ireg mordaqu edr 48v; ireg mordaqui 46r; erig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v; bayiri-dur ken urida

mordobasu 22v; irig ayan mordabasu 42r; erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v.

nomo(adqa- to pacify, subdue, e.g., an enemy; demons: dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r;

idker-nu(ud-i nomo(odqabasu 23r; idkd-yi nomo(odqabasu 34v, 35v; qari-yi

1439
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

nomo(odqabasu 28r; erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r; engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r; kger-i

nomo(adqabasu 46v; ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r; nomo(odqaqui ile 31v.

noyan lord, prince, chief, commander: noyan kmn 5r; ereg-n noyan 21v; ereg-n

noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v; ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v; ereg-n noyan kk 40r; (aar

kdelbes ulus-un noyan kk 27v; qan noyan bolqu 46v; noyan sa(uqu 47v; noyan ii

ol(abasu 37r; noyan isanglaqu 37r; ker edr noyan l isanglaqu 57r; noyan isanglabasu

61r; doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v; dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u

ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v; dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r; ireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e

ba morin-dur ma(u 41r.

numu(n) bow: numu 50v; numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r; naran Numun-u gertr

oro(san 18r.

orong(-a banner, flag, standard: yerti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v; dolo(an

orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r.

quya( armor; cuirass: debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r; quya( ems'ki

na(idar 30r; tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu 23v.

suu ali spirit protector; genius: suali-yu(an takiu 21v; suu ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r,

24v, 25v, 28v.

sumun arrow: tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v; mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r.

ske ax: Mig na(idar kemebes ske-dr adali bui.

tang(ari( oath: tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v.

1440
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tu( flag, standard, banner: tu(-un iin-du uyau 50v.

udurid- to lead, guide: uduridbasu 24r; g uduridbasu 23v; rn-e g uduridbasu

dayisun-i daruyu 22r; rn-e g ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r; umara doron-a ereg

uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 24v; tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu 23v; irig

uduridbasu 40r; Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r.

MUSIC

briy-e trumpet: briy-e tatabasu 34v.

ang cymbals: ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v, 34v, 35r.

deled- to beat, e.g., the drums: ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v, 34v, 35r.

kengger'ge/kenggerge drum: ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v/ang kenggerge deledbes

34v, 35r.

idar [S. sitr fr. Per.]; sitar; Indian lute; idar tatabasu 28v.

tata- to play a musical instrument: idar tatabasu 28v; briy-e tatabasu 34v.

ANATOMY

ama(n) [Ch. kou/kou] mouth, opening, aperture; as with the term egde (Ch. men gate),

refers to a celestial opening through which spirits exert their influence; similarly personifies

a specific star or star group in a constellation as in the mouth of the black dog of heaven

(tngri-yin noqay-yin aman); also commonly found in divination diagrams: tngri-yin noqay-yin

aman-du buu g 53r; er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola 52v; aman inu doron-a emn-e 55r;

1441
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

aman inu emn-e rn-e 55r; aman inu rn-e umara 55r; aman inu doron-a umara 55r; aman-

a (aar usun-i taki 55v; aman-dur r-e gei bolu(ad ge da(un bolqu 52v; aman-tur ge

da(un uaram 52v; aman-dur irig buu morda 55r 2. word, speech, news; aman aldabasu 34v;

kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v; kelen aman-du oroqu 50r; yeke kmn- kele aman bolqu 57v;

ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v.

bey-e/biy-e body: ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn idtala idemi 19r; biy-e ugiyabasu

21v, 22r, 23r; biy-e inu ken 32v; bey-e ugiyabasu 26v, 41v; noyan-u bey-e ba morin-dur

ma(u 41r; bey-e inu kk 50r, 50r; bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi 55r; biy-e bildar (oo-a

61r; qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32vr; ede sarada okin-u bey-e-d ma(u 51r;

saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu 31r; erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei 39v; kmn- bey-e-

d. noqai terigt [. . .] 55r; bey-e-[y]i turi modun-iyar ime 30v.

borbin Achilles tendon: borbin-dur okin-da(an qari 52v.

iken ears: iken-dr iken terign l tegsm 52v; iken-dr iken terign l tegsm

52v.

irai face: nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r; kke irai-du kmn 22r, 23v, 24v.

isun blood: qong keriy-e ugiyaqui isun oromui 9r; isun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r;

isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v.

dalu(n) scapula; shoulder-bone: dalun-dur mai sayin bolumui 52r.

enggelegr the breast: enggelegr sayin 52v.

eregn the jaw, chin: eregn-dr dumda sayin 52v.

erekei the thumb: erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin unuu 39v.

1442
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(ar hand: (ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v; (ar qo(osun 49v; (uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui

belge 20v; (uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v; (ar met 59v; tabun odun-u dri inu

(ar met bui 28r; (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r; kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-ta(an

odo( bari(san bui 54r; sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel bari(san bui 54v; tegn

(artur nigen irbegel bari(ulu 54v.

(ool irken aorta; the small objects placed inside a buddha image to enliven it: burqan

ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v.

gedesn stomach: terign gedesn qoyar-tu beri ab 55v.

geige(n) nape of the neck: geige-dr meks dumda 52v; ed mal ibqarabasu geigen-dr

tgenet kmn qula(uyu 29v.

irken heart: Naran-u irken neret sudur 2v; irken tarni uribasu 25v; burqan ong(od-

un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v; bayar qurim keyibes irken met amara( kbegn

kk 42r; irken-e maida ir(aqu 52v.

kebeli/kebili belly: kebeli inu emn-e amui 55r; kebeli inu rn-e 55r; kebeli inu umara

55v; kebeli inu doron-a 55r; kebili-dr kbegn olan 52v; kebili-tr adu(usun buu ab 55r.

kimusu(n) fingernails, toenails; claws; talons: kimusu(n) ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v,

57v; kimusun x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i (odun) 33r, 33v;

iba(un igrt kimusutu 55r.

kisn navel: kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu 52v.

kgn neck: ma(u kgn (arqu 56r; sara ba(-a bges buru(u to(ola. kgn-dr

dumda sayin 52v; sara yeke bges kgn-eeb to(ola 52v.

1443
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

manglai forehead: kke irai-du kmn-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v; yama(an-u

tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli e 42v.

mengge birthmark, mole: ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v.

nid(n) eyes: Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v; nidn-dr nidn met

qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v; nidn-d gem-d kmn 4v; nidn-dr r-e sadun

delgereged 52v; nidn-dr nidn met qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v; sn kir(abasu

nidn-dr qari 57v; tegni medeki-dr nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg

4v; belge inu nigen nidn-iyer ebes 3v; ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a

tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r; balai kmn-i nidt[e]i bol(a(i Anurad buyu 33v;

(urban nidt drbelin 44r; (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt

drbelin bui 20v; isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui 25r.

ni(ua secret, a euphemism for the genitals, one of the parts of the body commonly named

in divination diagrams; ni(ua-dur r-e-gei bolqu 52v.

ni(ur face: mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v; nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad

buyu 34r; ni(ur ugiya(i 52v; okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur

doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu 53v; okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu 53r; okin-i ni(ur

emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu 53r; qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r;

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v; ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v; beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu

g kemebes 53v.

nilbusun tear: qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r.

1444
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

niru(u(n)/nira(un back, spine: ir(u(an in-e arban drben qorin qoyar (uin-a noqai

niru(u ma(u 49v; drben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-[y]i qara 41r; niru(un 55r, 55r, 55r; a(an

baras-un niru(un mr (arbasu sayin 49r; [n]iru(un inu umara 55r; gern [n]iru(un met 59v;

niru(un-dur 55r; kke luu-yin niru(un-tur mr (arbasu sayin 49r; niru(un-dur r-e tasuraqu

52v; nira(un-dur r-etasuram 52v; [n]iru(un-tur beri buu ab<a> 55r; niru(un-tur erig ba

ayan aba mordabasu 55v; ken-dr uira(san beri niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui

bgded ma(u 54r.

oroi the crown of the head: luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r; oroi-ta(an Kitad

qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r.

qabar(-a ribs: Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un qabar(-a-

bar ergimi 55r; Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un qabar(-a-bar

ergimi 55r.

qabar nose; muzzle: noqai-yin qabar 49v; qabar-tur qar-a mr-d bolunam 52v.

qo(olai throat: Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai met na(idar kemey

27v; naiman in-e arban ir(u(an qorin drben tngri-yin qo(olai ma(u 49v; imnus-un

qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr adali ma(u 39r;

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v.

qoi(u(n) snout: ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v; noqai qoi(un ma(u 49v;

(aqai qoi(utu 55r.

seger nape of the neck: a(an seger<i>t qara noqai 22r.

1445
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

segl tail: drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r; kl-n segl tasulbasu 32r; kl-n

segl l tasuriyu 34r; kl-n segl l tasuraqu ma(u 41r; drben es sarayin segl-i qara

bui 41r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; segl inu rn-e 55r; segl inu umar-a 55r; segl inu

doron-a 55r; segl inu emn-e 55r; segl-dr kbegn olan bolqu 52v; segl-tr okin olan

52v; segl-tr yasun buu (ar(-a 55r; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u (to(ola) 52v; mo(ai

seglt 55r.

sorbi scar, cicatrice, mark (of a wound, smallpox, etc.): ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v.

soyo(-a tusk: bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

taiyan hip: taiyan-dur okis-tu bolqu 52v.

terig(n) head; first: terign 52v, 55v; qaburun terign sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r; qaburun

terign Baras sara 2v, 3r; qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r; un-u terign sara 10r, 11r;

un-u terign ista sar-a 12r; namurun terign sara 13r, 14r; namurun terign burvabadaribad

sara 15r; ebln terign sara 16r, 17r; ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r; il-n terign 3r, 10r;

eng terign gan 5r, 5r; grgesn(-) terign 26r, 59v; mo(ay-yin terign 27r, 59v; a(an-u

terign 29v, 31r, 59v, 59v; morin terign 32v; odun-u terign 33r; odud-un terign Kerteg bui

33r; un-u terign 41r; ebln terign 41r; qaburun terign 41r; namurun terign 41r; drben

terign sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r; a(an baras-un terign 49r; noqai terign 49v; krgegi-yin

terign 52v; qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign inu 55r; un-u (urban sarada<n> terign inu

55r; namurun (urban sarada terign inu 55r; ebln (urban sarada terign inu 55r; ima(an-u

terign 59v; morin-u terign 59v; drben terign odun 61v; il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr

inelek inu 3r; kke luu-yin terign-dr mr (arbasu 49r; terign-dr ger buu bari 55r;

1446
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

drben terign sarayin terign-i qara 41r; noqai terigt 55r; grgesn- qan-u terign-

sn 30r.

tolo(ai head: qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59r; (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr 23r; yama(an-

u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli e 42v.

yasu(n) bone: qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki met 59v;

yasutu menekey-yin krmeli 60r; kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 30v, 35v;

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr 27r; kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu 28v; yasun (ar(abasu

30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v; yasun buu (ar(-a ((ar(abasu) 33v, 34r, 43r, 55r;

kmn- yasun bulabasu 32r; kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis

buyu 33v; qa(uin kger-n yasun asabasu 36v; eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v;

kmn- yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r; yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v; kl-

n yasun ek ile bolqu 57r; mr ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v.

ANIMALS

adu(usun/ada(usun/adusun n. [S. tryak; Tib. byol-song]; animal, animals, livestock;

animals are one of the six forms of existence; see RRS, 126; ada(usun abubasu 21v; adusun

abubasu 22v; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v; ada(usun

srglebes 21v; adu(usun s[]rglebes 32r; adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v; adu(usun

sal(an srglebes 36r; ada(usun/adu(usun ibqarabasu 22r, 27r; ada(usun ba ed ibqarabasu

23r; ed ada(usun/adu(usun ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r; ada(usun gbes 23r,

26v; adu(usun gbes 30r; ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v; eremdeg-dr ada(usun gbes 31r;

1447
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ed adu(usun nemey 25v; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun buu g 26r; ed

adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v; adu(usun quriyabasu 26v; adu(usun ba okin gbes abubasu 29v;

(aar kdelbes adu(usun trglten-dr ma(u 31r; mal adu(usun gbes 31v; kmn-e

adu(usun gbes 36v; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r; adu(usun gki iles

46r; adu(usun sr dalalbasu 46v; kebili-tr adu(usun buu ab 55r; ada(usun olqu 58r;

du(usun qudalduqui 61v; (aar kdelbes adu(usun-dur ma(u 31r; adu(usun-dur qoor

qoromi yeke boluyu 38r; ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r; adu(usun-i in-e

kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r; adu(usun-i srglebes 37r; mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa(

mr (arbasu 24r; ada(usun-u sr dalalbasu 31r.

aar(-a stallion; aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua

talbibasu 35r.

anggir a kind of yellow duck; anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r.

arisun skin: Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr orkimui 11r.

ariyatan carnivorous or wild animals; beasts of prey: ariyatan-u snesn na(idar 27v.

arsalan lion: arsalan quraimui 14r; arsalan-u 59r; naran Arsalan-u gertr oro(san-u tula

yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r; arsalan-u o(dor met 59v.

baras [Per. prs, frs]; tiger; one of the twelve animals: baras 59v; Baras a( 50r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v; Baras edr 2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Baras sar-a 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r; 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; bing baras sara 7v, 7v; uu baras sara 7v,

1448
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

7v; keng baras sara 7v, 7v; im baras sara 7v, 7v; ja baras sara 7v, 7v; Baras jil 41r, 50v, 51r,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; baras ula(alamui 8r; baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; itgen- eke Baras (aar-a 11r; a(an baras 49r, 49r, 49r; a(an baras

king ing 41r; baras met kmn erebes 27v; baras-un 59r, 59r.

bodong wild boar: bodong (aqai-yin soyo(-a 60r.

boro bo(ir(-a the sparrow: a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r.

bu(u stag: bu(u-yin 59r, 59r; bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r; bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun

59r.

buq-a bull: aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; buq-a talbibasu 28r; aar(-a buur-a

buq-a qua talbibasu 35r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi

50v.

buura bull camel: aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r; aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua

talbibasu 35r.

ara(-a locust; grasshopper: ara(-a qoiyalan dong(oddumui 14r.

inu-a wolf; lubin; werewolf; for the pervasiveness of wolves as demons, see de Santillana,

278; erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar 28r; gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v; inu-a-yin kimusun-i

bul(ura(ulu(i 33r, 33v.

1449
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

gebri/gebri jackal; refers to Sirius, Chinese tianlang/tien-lang; known in Chinese

lore as the governor of the Tibetan people; (Schlegel 1967: 430; Schafer 1977: 53): ula(an

gebri qakiraqu 27v; qakirqui gebri odun 59r; miqai gebri-yin odun 59r.

da(un 1. sound; call, i.e., of an animal; news; 2. unit of time = 1.6 seconds: eng terign

gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar il buyu 5r; eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn-

qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu. tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin tula 5r; nigen da(un (arumui 5r; tegber iran da(un nigen

me 5r; meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r; ge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v; ge da(un

uaram 52v.

degde- to fly up: salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r ir(oli terigten amitan degde

o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r.

dong(od- to call, cry, sing, make sound, i.e., of animals: Luu sara mn- tula. belge inu

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r; a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r;

ara(-a qoiyalan dong(oddumui 14r.

eber horn: bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r; orong(u-yin eber 60r; yama(an-u eber-d dr

21v; bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun 59r.

egr birds nest: iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] timeriddgi odun 33r; iba(un-u egri-yi

[=egr-i] (al-dur timeriddgi 33v; qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r.

eliy-e One meaning for eliy-e is as a hawk-like bird, another is a kind of demon; in the pre-

classical language initial h- distinguished bird (heliy-e) from demon (Golden 2000: 198A6,

186C20, 200A25); Bawden, citing Kowaleski, describes the eliy-e as "an evil hostile spirit in

1450
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

the form of a bird, goblin, devil," Tib. 'gon po. Tib. 'gon po, he notes, is equivalent in the

pentaglot dictionary to Mo. klin, Manchu ekin, "an ugly demon," cf. Hauer. "Eliy-e," is

given here he says, "as a terrifying demon . . . . mentioned as the agent of disease or death

without any indications that would serve to define its nature more exactly." However, the

pentaglot dictionary gives for eliy-e Tib. bya 'dre, which Jschke translates as "a winged

diabolical creature, harpy." Cf. SE I, pp. 243-245; i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un

qoiyalamui 9r; eliy-e da(a(san kmn 22v; eliy-e ldebes 27r; gked-n eliy-e

darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v; eliy-e-yi darubasu 29r, 41r; gked-n eliy-e-[y]i darubasu

31v eliy-e darubasu 32r; abu(i eliy-e odun 59r.

(al-tu qoroqai firefly: ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r.

(ala(un goose: anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r.

(aqai pig; one of the twelve animals: 'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v; 'aqai sara-dur (uingei 3v; ii (aqai sara 7v; ding

(aqai sara 7v; gi (aqai sara 7v; in (aqai sara 7v; ki (aqai sara 7v; Tbed-dr 'aqai sar-a

17r; 'aqai a( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r; ii (aqai a( 7v; ding (aqai a( 7v; gii (aqai a( 7v; in

(aqai a( 7v; ki (aqai a( 7v; 'aqai (edr) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; 'aqai il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; (aqai ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v; (aqai ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v,

54v; 'aqai (aar-a 14r; (aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

1451
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

(aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r; ira (aqai uu gii [. . .] qara bui 41r; (aqai qoi(utu 55r;

'aqai edr okin l gk. (aqai l alaqu miq-a l idek 58r; (aqay-yin 59r; dayisun-u

noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr 23r; bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

gargada [Skt. karkata]; crab: Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger 13r.

geresengeri ?: geresengeri 59r.

grgesn ungulate; here specifically the antelope: grges terign met 59v; (urban

odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui 26r; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan

met bui 29v; (urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r.

gie-/gii- to mature, e.g., of animals: morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn

giimi 12r; belge inu qonin addu(ad tar(u giiy 13r.

a(an elephant: tabun odun-u dri inu a(an met bui 30v; miqai a(an odun 59r; miqai

a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v; miqai a(an Jayitari buyu 34r; o(tu yeke a(an-dur tariyan

buu tari 33v; o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r; a(an-u terign met 59v, 59v; ir(u(an odun-

u dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 29v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u terign met bui

31r.

egeren [Ch. huangyang]; antelope: egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r.

i(asun fish: usun-u dotor-a i(asun gimi 8r; naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula

usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r; ken i(asun qoiyalamui 11r; i(asun (okilabasu 36r;

i(asun igrdebes 36v; usun-aa i(asun eribes 47v; i(asun-u ger 9r.

igr wing: iba(un igrt 55v.

irge- to chirp, of birds: a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r.

1452
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

o(dor mane, of a lion: arsalan-u o(dor met 59v.

ula(ala- to whelp, bring forth young: Taulai sara mn- tula belge inu modun bgde

ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r; Baras sara mn- tula belge inu

baras ula(alamui 8r; a(ur-a kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r; 'aqai sar-a. mn- tula

belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r.

ula(an fledgling; young of an animal: a(ur-a salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r;

Bein sara mn- tula belge inu modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan

teigemi 14r.

s(n) the color of an animal, esp. of a horse; for the significance of the horses color in

ritual, cf. RRS, 546-552, 566-567; unuqu morin-u s 52v; morin qulan terigten tar(ulu

ngge sn giimi 12r.

keg- to bark, of a dog; to caw, of a bird: noqai kegbes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v; keriy-e

ba a(aa(ai: kegbes 57r; keriy-e kegbes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r.

kegrigen-e pigeon; dove: takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r.

keriy-e crow: qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui 9r; qong keriy-e

egr-iyen asamui 19r; Keriy-e-yin ndsn 56v; keriy-e kegbes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v,

57v, 58r; keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes 57r; keriy-e x 58r, 58r, 58r; qong keriy-e- [=yin]

soddu 60r.

kimusu(n) fingernails, toenails; claws; talons: kimusu(n) ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v,

57v; kimusun x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r; inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i (odun) 33r, 33v;

iba(un igrt kimusutu 55r.

1453
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kir(a(ul pheasant: kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r.

kgemei croak, i.e., of a frog: meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r.

kkege cuckoo bird: kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r; kkege<g> iba(un emnei

qarimui 14r.

krmeli shell, i.e., of a turtle: yasutu menekei-yin krmeli 60r.

lausan/luvasan [Ch. lozi/lo-tzu]; mule: lausan-u 59r; luvas[a]n-u 59r.

mal livestock: ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v; ed mal ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v,

26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v; ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v; mal

adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r; mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v; mal adu(usun

buu g 26r; mal ada(usun abubasu 26v; ed mal abubasu 27v, 31r; mal gbes 28r, 32r, 34v,

36r, 36v; mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 29r; mal qudaldubasu 29v; ed mal abubasu 30r; temdegt

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 31r; mal adu(usun gbes 31v; ed mal gbes 31v; mal in-e

kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v; mal srglebes 37r; mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i

(ar(abasu 43r; ed mal gbes abubasu 43v; qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r; ed mal olqu

50r; mal ibqaqu 50v; ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v; ede deged beri bui r-e mal delgerek sayin

52r; ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r; ed mal l (ar(amui 60v; mal-i ber-e sal(abasu 36v.

matar [Skt. makara]; sea monster or crocodile (Lessing, 530); cf. also Hackin, 167; matar

dalai deger-e (arumui 19r; matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni 39r.

menekei/meneki/menekii 1. frog; 2. yasutu menekei turtle menekii met qara kmn 5r;

qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r; yasutu meneki met 59v; yirtin-dr meneki-

yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r; yasutu menekey-yin krmeli 60r.

1454
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

modun im[e]g bein ?the tree ornament monkey: modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide

iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r.

mo(ai snake; one of the twelve animals: Mo(ai sara 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban

tabun gey-yin tula arban drben inu arban tabun bolumui 3v; gi mo(ai sara 7v; in mo(ai

sara 7v; ki mo(ai sara 7v; ii mo(ai sara 7v; ding mo(ai sara 7v; Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a 11r;

Mo(ai a( 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v; gi mo(ai a( 7v; in mo(ai a( 7v; ki mo(ai a( 7v;

ii mo(ai a( 7v; ding mo(ai a(; Mo(ai (aar-a 10r; Mo(ai edr 8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r,

16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v,

56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Mo(ai il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; mo(ai ilten 53r, 54v; mo(ai ilt 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; mo(ai ner-e ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v; mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v; Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr orkimui

11r; ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin terign met bui 27r; qara mo(ai im ki 41r;

kmn- bey-e-d. noqai terigt. (aqai qoi(utu. iba(un igrt kimusutu. mo(ai seglt

qar-a ngge-d Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un qabar(-a-bar

ergimi 55r; mo(ay-yin 59r, 59r, 59r, 59r; mo(ay-yin terign met 59v.

mori(n) horse; one of the twelve animals:

Morin sara 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Morin il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

1455
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

55v, 58v; morin ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; morin ilten 54v; Mori(n)

edr 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r,

50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v; Morin a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v; a(an mori una(san 4v; igerde morin

22v; egerde qalan morin una(san 4v; igerde morin unuu 21v; qong(or morin unu- 4v, 24v,

24v; kke boro mori unu(san 5r; kke morin unau 23v; qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v;

kl morin unuu 23r; king morin sara 7v; im morin sara 7v; a morin sara 7v; bing morin sara

7v; uu morin sara 7v; king morin a( 7v; im morin a( 7v; a morin a( 7v; bing morin a(

7v; uu morin a( 7v; morin ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r; morin (aar 12r; morin qudaldubasu

25r, 31r, 31r, 31v; a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r; qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu 25r;

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31v, 34v; a(al morin sur(abasu 29r; morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v,

30v, 31v, 35r; morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r; morin inilebes 27v; morin gbes 31v; drben

odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v; (urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui

32r; morin (inu) ky 34r, 35r; erekei-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin

unuu 39v; morin met 59v; morin-dur ma(u 41r; morin-u 59r, 59r; unuqu morin-u s 52v;

morin-u terign met 59v; keger-e moritu kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v.

nis- to fly: a(ur-a salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r.

noqai dog: Noqai il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; noqai

ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r; noqai ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v; Noqai sara 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r,

1456
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; a noqai sara

7v; bing noqai sara 7v; uu noqai sara 7v; king noqai sara 7v; im noqai sara 7v; Noqai edr

8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Noqai

a( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r; a noqai a( 7v; bing noqai a( 7v; uu

noqai a( 7v; king noqai a( 7v; im noqai a( 7v; a(an noqai ktelgsen 4v; noqai abqui

8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; noqai (aar-a 13r; noqai quraiu

[=quriau] qoiyalamui 16r; tngri-yin noqai 32v, 52r; tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge

doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v; odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r; (aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin bui 20v;

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r; a(an segeret qara noqai 22r; ala( noqai 24v; noqai

teiyebes 44r; noqai kegbes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v; noqai x 58r, 58r; [n]oqai x 58r; noqai

qoi(un 49v; noqai terign 49v; noqai terigt 55r; noqai niru(u 49v; noqai l teigek l

alaqu l aniqu. l abqu 58r; aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedin emleky-[yi] igerlegln

nomlauqui 56v; noqai-yin qabar 49v; tngri-yin noqai-yin krdn 52v; tngri-yin noqai-yin

aman 53r; tngri-yin noqai-yin yabudal yeke kereg-d bui 55v.

orong(u a kind of antelope with long flat horns: orong(u-yin eber 60r.

d feather: tas dt sumun 32v.

gekn fat, lard: buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v.

1457
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ndegele- to lay eggs: salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r; takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un

ndegelemi 19r.

rgesn quill: so( ariyan-u rgesn 60r.

tege bear: tege 59r; ara tege-yin 59r.

qabar nose; muzzle: noqai-yin qabar 49v; qabar-tur qar-a mr-d bolunam 52v.

qa(dala- to become covered with salt: usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r.

qara mo(ai black snake (41r).

qara qara(ai black hawk: (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v.

qara(ai hawk: qara(ai iba(un taulai bariu tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; (aar-un qara

qara(ai 39v.

qayinu( A cross breed between yaks and cattle; qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r; qayinu(-dur

unuu 24r.

qong keriy-e raven: qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r; qong keriy-e ugiyaqui isun

oromui 9r; qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu 60r.

qoni(n) sheep: qoni(n) 59r; qonin ada(ula(san 4v; in qonin sara 7v; ki qonin sara 7v;

ii qonin sara 7v; ding qonin sara 7v; gii qonin sara 7v; in qonin a( 7v; ki qonin a( 7v; ii

qonin a( 7v; ding qonin a( 7v; gi qonin a( 7v; qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v; Qonin a( 10r, 50r, 51r; Qoni(n) (edr) 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r,

18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v; Qonin sara 13r, 13r, 40r,

1458
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; qonin

addu(ad tar(u giiu 13r; qonin (aar-a 15r; Qonin il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; qoni(n) ilten 22r, 54r, 54v;

qonin abasu 27r; qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui

33r; nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i Asli( buyu 33v; a(an qonin igs-ber takibau l

oyiiyamu kemeki 60v; nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san 10r.

qoroqai insect: ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r.

qoriyala- to mate: ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r.

qoi(u(n) snout: ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v; noqai qoi(un ma(u 49v;

(aqai qoi(utu 55r.

qoiyala- to pair, mate: modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad

qoiyalamui 9r; eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r; ken i(asun qoiyalamui 11r; noqai

quraiu [=quriau] qoiyalamui 16r; egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r; ara(-a qoiyalan

dong(oddumui 14r.

qua ram: aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu 35r.

qulan onager; wild ass: morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r; qulan

una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r.

qulu(an-a mouse: Qulu(an-a sara 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v; bing

qulu(an-a sara 7v; uu qulu(an-a sara 7v; king qulu(an-a sara 7v; im qulu(an-a sara 7v; a

qulu(an-a sara 7v; Tbedn-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r; Qulu(an-a il 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

1459
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 58v/Qulu(ana il 55v; saban sara-yi adalidqabasu

Qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r; qulu(an-a ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v,

54v, 54v; qulu(an-a ilten 54r, 54v; Qulu(an-a a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v;

Qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; bing qulu(an-a a(

7v; uu qulu(an-a a( 7v; king qulu(an-a a( 7v; im qulu(an-a a( 7v; a qulu(an-a a( 7v;

Qulu(an-a (edr) 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v;

Qulu(an-a (aar-a 17r; qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r; qoyar

odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v; (aar kdelbes nara sara kbes ma(ad qula(an-a

ma(u bui 32r; nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi Abiji buyu 34r; in-e debel

[. . .] emsbes qulu(an-a qaayu 34r; dolo(an-a qulu(an-a qa[a]qu 56r; qulu(an-a qaabasu

57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r; qulu(an-a debil x 58r; Qulu(an-a-aa teriglen ali il bges

qoyitu qoyar il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r.

qura(ala- to lamb: qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r.

quria/qurai/quraa- to love passionately; to rut (of animals): noqai quraiu

[=quriau] 16r; arsalan quraimui 14r; takiy-a qoriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v; ker quriaqui sar-a 11r; qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r.

1460
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

salbar a bird of prey, falcon: a(ur-a salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r; a(ur-a salbarun

ula(an degde nismi 12r.

seger nape of the neck: a(an seger<i>t qara noqai 22r.

segl tail: drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r; kl-n segl tasulbasu 32r; kl-n

segl l tasuriyu 34r; kl-n segl l tasuraqu ma(u 41r; drben es sarayin segl-i qara

bui 41r; buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v; segl inu rn-e 55r; segl inu umar-a 55r; segl inu

doron-a 55r; segl inu emn-e 55r; segl-dr kbegn olan bolqu 52v; segl-tr okin olan

52v; segl-tr yasun buu (ar(-a 55r; em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u (to(ola) 52v; mo(ai

seglt 55r.

soddu quill feather: qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu 60r.

so( ariyan porcupine: so( ariyan-u rgesn 60r.

soyo(-a tusk: bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r.

srg herd: adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v.

aa(ai/a(aa(ai magpie: ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r; ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r; ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r; keriy-e

ba a(aa(ai: kegbes sayin bui 57r.

ara tege yellow bear (59r).

ara iba(un yellow bird (59r).

iba(ud [pl. of iba(un]; birds: i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] qamu( iba(ud iremi 10r.

iba(un bird: i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r; a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un

dong(oddumui 11r; a(ur-a kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r; a(ur-a kir(a(ul

1461
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iba(un ula(lamui 13r; a(ura ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r; qara(ai iba(un taulai

bariu tngri takiqu sar-a 15r; a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r; a(ur-a

salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r; takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r; qamu(

iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r; iba(un igrt kimusutu 55r; iba(un met 59v;

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i]timeriddgi odun ali bui 33r; iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i]

(al-dur timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v; ara iba(un-u 59r.

ir(oli ants: ir(oli terigten amitan degde o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r.

taki wild horse: egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r.

takiy-a cock; chicken: Takiy-a sara 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Takiy-a il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v; takiy-a ilten 24r,

54v; ki takiy-a sara 7v; ii takiy-a sara 7v; ding takiy-a sara 7v; gi takiy-asara 7v; in takiy-a

sara 7v; ki takiy-a a( 7v; ii takiy-a a( 7v; ding takiy-a a( 7v; gi takiy-a a( 7v; in takiy-

a a( 7v; takiy-a (aar 8r; takiy-a quriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v;

Takiy-a edr 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r; Takiy-a a( 42r,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v; takiy-a l alaqu 58r; Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma( 60r.

tarba(-a marmot: tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r.

tar(ul- to fatten up: morin qulan terigten tar(ulu 12r.

1462
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

tas vulture: tas dt sumun 32v.

taulai rabbit; hare: taulai 53v; Taulai sara 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tula-da

qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r; ding taulai sara 7v; gii taulai sara 7v; in taulai sara 7v; ki

taulai sara 7v; ii taulai sara 7v; Tbed-dr Taulai sara 9r; Taulai il 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r; taulai

ilten 22r, 54r, 54v; taulai ilt 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v; Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u

dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r; Taulai a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r; ding

taulai a( 7v; gi taulai a( 7v; in taulai a( 7v; ki taulai a( 7v; ii taulai a( 7v; un-u

(urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r; Taulai edr 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r,

47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; Taulai edr tngri-yin (al 9r; Taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu ed

a(urasun nemek sayin 46v; taulai iledki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v;

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r; qara(ai

iba(un taulai bariu 15r; Taulai (aar-a itgen- eke Taulai (aar-a 16r; Taulai-dur (okimui

12r.

teliye- to struggle to get up (of young animals): qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r.

tiler scorpion, as in Scorpio; the more common form is kilinet "scorpion;" tiler is given

in Lessing as tiler jgei "horsefly, gadfly" (Lessing, p. 809); the term also refers to the hornet;

1463
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

for the term in Uygur, see Clauson 1972: 501: naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-

deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r.

to(os [Pers. tus]; peacock: to(os-un 59r, 59r.

ularu snowcock, heath cock; black grouse (Meserve 2005: 75-83): ularu iba(un

qoriyalamui 15r.

una(an foal: una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r; (aar-dur serign segder una(ad qulan una(an-

iyan teliyemi 14r.

ker ox; one of the twelve animals: ker sara 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v; Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui

bgetel-e ker sara-dur arban tabungei 3v; ding ker sara 7v; gi ker sara 7v; in ker sara

7v; ki ker sara 7v; ii ker sara 7v; Tbedn-dr ker sar-a 19r; ker a( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v; ding ker a( 7v; gi ker a( 7v; in ker a( 7v; ki ker a( 7v; ii ker

a( 7v; ker (edr) 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v, 37r, 37r,

37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v,

55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v; ker il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v,

52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v; ker ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v; ker ilten

54r, 54v; ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, [13v],

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v; itgen-

eke ker (aar-a 9r; ker unu(san 5r; qoyar yaba(an ker unu(sun [. . .] kmn 4v; ker-n

ger nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san 11r; nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui

sar-a bui 11r; ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r; ker sur(abasu 28v; ker abubasu

1464
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

31v; tariyan taribasu ker ky 34r; nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r; nigen

ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v; Qulu(an-a ker-lu(-a [=ker-lge] Nara Saran

'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu 46r; noqai ilt-yi kert buu g 54v; ker-n 59r; ker

sar-a mn- tula. ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn iddlan idemi 19r; ker-n sn mr

(arbasu ma(u 49r.

negen fox: negen 59r; negen met ma(u 27v.

niy-e cow: niyen- 59r.

yama(-a/yama(an/ima(an goat: qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v; yama(an-u eber 21v;

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli e 42v; ima(an-u 59r; ima(an-u terign met 59v.

HORSE COLORS

a(an white: a(an mori una(san 4v

a(al having dark spots on the neck and shoulders (of a stallion or gelding): a(an [=a(al]

morin qudaldubasu sayin bui 17r; a(al morin sur(abasu 29r.

egerde/igerde red, chestnut: egerde/igerde 52v; egerde qalan morin 4v; igerde morin

21v, 22v.

keger-e [=keger] bay; chestnut, of horses: keger-e moritu kmn 4v.

kke an ash-colored horse: 23v.

kke boro a blue grey horse: 5v.

1465
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

kl morin though commonly refers to a wheel horse, shaft horse (Lessing, 484), context

suggests a yellow-colored horse, i.e., a fallow horse: ara-nu(ud-iyar ime ara kiiri bariu

kl morin unuu 23r.

kreng dark brown, maroon, esp. of horse color: kreng 52v.

qalan/qalun blaze on the forehead, esp. of horses: egerde qalan morin 4v; qong(or

qalan morin 25r; qalun 52v.

qaltar bay horse with white breast and whitish muzzle: qaltar 52v.

qara black: qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v.

qong(or fallow, yellow-bay, chestnut, i.e., of a horse: qong(or 52v; qong(or morin 4v;

qong(ur morin unu- 24v, 24v; qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu 25r.

qula fawn-colored, tawny, bay, having a black stripe along the spine; with black tail and

mane, i.e., a horse: qula 52v.

ar(-a light bay, i.e. horse color: ar(-a 52v.

MEASURE

adqu 1. handful, a unit of measure; isn adqu iroi 22r; 2. a unit of time (8.64 seconds);

nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r; arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi

bui 6r.

alqu n. pace; dolo(an alqu (aar-a 23v.

1466
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

alqum n. a unit of measure, pace, i.e., a yard; nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen

gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v; nara ingge arban

alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v.

aya(-a cup; a unit of measure: isn adqu iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge 22r.

biteg 1. closed, final, i.e., the final day of the month, year, etc.; qorin isn biteg

bolumui 3r; 2. a measure; two hands, i.e., the amount of something that can be held with the

two hands placed together (DO, 71a under bit); nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai

bol(a(i 33r, 33v.

gikim whereas alqum is the measure of a pace or step, i.e., a yard; gikim is the measure

of one footprint, i.e., a foot (see Altangerel, MAT, under alxam, p. 14 and (4T(^<, p. 88;

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-

dr (ada(adu bui 6v; nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge

tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v.

PLANTS

alim-a n. pear; alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r.

buudai wheat; buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 10r.

akirma(-un iig [Ch. lan (Mathews, 557, 3795.21); Man. ungkeri ilha]; the orchid (see

pentaglot dictionary, 15338); (aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r.

1467
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

iig/eeg flower; flowers: (aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r; lungru neret

iig delgeremi 13r; (aar-dur lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r; modun iig

taribasu 35v, 36r; tariyan iig taribasu 36v; eeg met 59v.

indarala- to blaze, sparkle, glitter; (in this context of plants); the grass called cinders will

sparkle, i.e. bloom (DO, 706); o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r.

o( neret ebesn ?cinder grass; o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r.

uquyi- to protrude; sprout: in-e nabi uquyiqui-dur inelemi 3r.

dabqur seig a pair of flowers: dabqur seig met 59v.

delgere- to bloom: iig delgeremi 11r, 13r, lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r.

ebes(n) grass, hay, herb: tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r; o( neret ebesn

indaralamui 16r; ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r; ebesn iddlan idemi 19r; tariyan-u ebesn

tegbes 30v, 42r; ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r; Mig sara ebesn- ndsn

kkemi 2r.

giles apricot: alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r.

isn il modu nine kinds of wood (50v).

isn il tariyan nine kinds of grains. Various kinds of grains are listed in Srkzi's BTD,

5646-5670, pp. 386-387. The Vaidrya dKar-po mentions seven kinds of crops used in ritual

(TEDP, 216); five kinds of grain are mentioned in the Zhiyuan yiyu/Tche-yuan yi-yu (Ligeti

and Kara, 1990: 267-268); there is a also a Chinese constellation, the eight grains (bagu/pa-ku

[Schlegel 1967: 378]): isn il tariyan 30r, 31r.

1468
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

ii(n) 1. stem; 2. prophecy; 3. principal or first wife of a noble: ii iglbes 28r; ii buu

igl 34r;Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v; noyan ii ol(abasu 37r; noyad ii-dr

ol(obasu sayin 35v; iiten tbidk iles 61r; tu(-un iin-t uyau 50v.

imis fruit: alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r; modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide

14r; qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r.

lge-yin iig milfoil or yarrow; for jlge Lessing gives, "n. Soft lawn, meadow, grass;

sward. -- yin kyzi. Indian nard, valeriana jatamansi; milfoil; spikenard," p. 1085 (Lessing,

1085; for milfoil as a marvelous plant, cf. Dor, v. 5, 1966: 729): lge-yin iig neret seii

delgeremi 15r.

krngge seed: tariyan-u krngge (aar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu 46v;

krngge saaqu [=sauqu] 48r.

lingquu-a [Ch. lianqua/lian-hua (Mathews 4014.7)]; (urban odun-u dri inu lingquu-a

met bui 32r; lingquu-a met 59v.

lungru ?a kind of flower: lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r.

modun wood; tree; the Wood star, i.e., Jupiter, Thursday; one of the five elements: isn

uil modu 50v; Modu (odun) 55v; modun 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 48v, 61r; Modun odun 2r, 2r, 4v,

8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r,

56r, 56v, 56v; modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r; modun

1469
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r; modun im[e]g bein

inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r; modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r; modun

iig taribasu 35v, 36r; tariyan modun taribasu 37r 47v; modun inar 23r; modun mir-iyer

dokin 24v; tul(-a-yin modun met 26v; modun met 59v, 59v, 59v; qada ila(un-aa modun

(ar(an idamu 32v; modun buu o(tol 34v; modun o(talun negbes 36v; sayin iles

iledbes ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; a(ula-aa modun

eribes l oldaqu 47v; modun gokimoi 48r; modun maqabud 54r; (altu tor(on ergiki

modun odun 59r; oi modun o(talqui 61v; dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju

ebes 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu 5v; dolo(an qubi-du

modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r; bey-e-i turi modun-iyar ime 30v; dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u segder 6r; dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r; modun-u

inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 22r; modun-u gara( bky-yin tula modun inar bui 23r;

modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 23v, 24v; doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a

tegsbe 27r.

mir twig; small branch of a tree: modun mir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu 24v.

nabi leaf: qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r; in-e nabi uquyiqui 3r; eng terign gan kemebes

mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r; (aar-tur qamu(

nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r.

oi modun forest: oi modun o(talqui 61v.

qara modun black tree, i.e., the larch tree (24v).

qubaqai dried; withered: tariyan modun taribasu qubaqai bolqu 47v.

1470
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

qubira- to fade, wilt: kiten segder unau ebesn qubaraqui a(16r.

seig flower: qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r; seig taribasu 36v; dabqur

seig met 59v.

seii flower: lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r.

tariyan grain; crop: tariyan 26v; deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v; r-e

tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; tariyan-u krngge (ajar oroba 10r; tariyan-dur

krngge orkibasu 46v; tariyan tariyalabasu 10r; tariyan-u ile iledbes 14r; qamu( iba(un

tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r; qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; qamu( tariyan

tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; tariyan saubasu 22r, 30v; tariyan taribasu 23v, 27v, 28v,

29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v; tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v; tariyan seig taribasu

36v, 36v; tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v; tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r; isn il tariyan-i

anibasu 30r; isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r; r-e tariyan gbes 30r; tariyan-u ebesn

tegbes 30v, 41r; tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i (odun) 33r, 33v; tariyan buu tari 33v;

tariyan buu g. 34r; tariyan-u (aar olqu 46v; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad 58r.

tariyan tmsn field crops: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

tms(n) bulbous plants: qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r; qamu(

tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r; tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r.

ndsn [S. tantra; Tib. rgyud]; tantra (Lessing, 1191); roots (i.e. of plants); origin, basis:

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur 1v; Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur

nomlar-un 2r; ebesn- ndsn kkemi 2r; Banjar dakini-yin ndsn 3r; (aar-tur qamu(

1471
SUBJECT VOCABULARY

nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r; Keriy-e-yin ndsn-dr nomla(san 56v; Jagr-a sambura-yin

ndsn-ee . . . okiyabai 2v; ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r; ndsn- yosu(ar

37v; ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v.

r-e 1. seed, grain, fruit; 2. results; 3. progeny: ai r-e inu l bty 4r; ai r-e inu mai

yeke bol[u]yu 38r; ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu

mai sayin bolumui 44v; ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v; ai r-e btk 46r; r-e tariyan-

u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r; r-e tariyan gbes 30r; r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v,

29v, 32r; r-e sauqui 45v; r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-

tei bol(a(i odun 33r; r-e-gei bol- 52v, 52v; qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i 33r, 33v; r-e

tasulu(i (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r; r-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r; r-e inu

l bayimui 34v; r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r; r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v; r-e sadun

delgereged 52v; qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad

47v; r-e mal delgerek sayin 52r; r-e uqa( 52r; r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun

33r; to(an-u a'i r-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggi iglbe 1v; ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui

46r; qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v.

rgli seig [Ch. wang nian qing; L. Rhodea Japonica]; the everlasting flower; so named

because it remains ever green; a marvelous plant in Chinese culture (cf. Dor, vol. 5, 1966:

732): qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r.

1472
 WORD INDEX

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

1473
 7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

1474
WORD INDEX

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

1475
WORD INDEX

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

1476
WORD INDEX

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

1477
WORD INDEX

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

1478
WORD INDEX

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

10

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

1479
WORD INDEX

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

11

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

1480
WORD INDEX

12

basa sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu 7 Noqai 8

Qoni 9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni.40r

nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras. 5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai.

8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai 12 Noqai 48v

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1 sara Mori 2 Qoni 3 Bein 4 'aqai 5 Taulai6 Mori 7 Takiy-a 8 Qulu(an-a

9 Baras 10 'aqai 11 Bein 12 Mo(ai 59v

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma(. 2 Mo(ai 3 ker. 4 Mori. 5 Mo(ai. 6 ker.

7 Mori. 8 Mo(ai. 9 ker 10 Mori 11 Mo(ai 12 ker 60r

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma(. 2 Baras 3 Qulu(an-a. 4 Takiy-a.

5 Baras. 6 Qulu(an-a. 7 Takiy-a 8 Baras 9 Qulu(an-a 10 Takiy-a 11 Baras

12 Qulu(an-a 60r

13

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

1481
WORD INDEX

17

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

22

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

27

1 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 2 sarayin 11 jindamuni. 3 sarayin 13 jindamuni. 4 sarayin

11 jindamuni 5 sarayin 3 in-e jindamuni. 6 sarayin 1 in-e jindamuni 7 sarayin

7 in-e jindamuni 8 sarayin 27 jindamuni 9 sarayin 22 jindamuni. 10 sarayin

2 jindamuni. 11 sarayin 17 jindamuni. 12 sarayin arban tabun jindamuni 50v

a-

a(sad

do(olang yerimdeg [=eremdeg] a(sad (aar 24r

amu

1482
WORD INDEX

-u amu 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 25v, 26r, 27r, 27r

amui

-ju amui 6r, 6r, 22r, 23r, 24r, 25r

taulai edr dumda amui 42r

kebeli inu emn-e amui55r

emn-e g amui 58v

o(tar(ui-du amui 58v

aqu

kbegn trbes eige inu ky. sgsen qoyin-a (aar-ta(an l aqu

bui 30r

aqu [=aq-a] kmn- aliba iled-dr sayin bui 31r

aqui

aqui (aar inu qami(-a bui 32v

ab-

ab

beri buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r

adu(usun buu ab 55r

terign gedesn qoyar-tu beri ab 55v

okin beri buu g. buu ab 58v

abu 22v, 23v

nrge irai-tu isn kmn umara emn-e abu odba 22r

1483
WORD INDEX

ada(usun ba ed ibqarabasu qoyar kmn qula(uyu doron-a g abu

odba 23r

abqu

abqu-yi

il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui 52r

abqu gegeki-yin il(al 2v

ola abqu sayin edr 37r

beri abqu 45v

beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r

em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun egdeki 53r

abaig abqu 56v

abaig abqu edrn sayin 56v

abaig abqu sayin edr 56v

l abqu 58r

abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v

abqui

noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

ibegel gki abqui 54v

abaig abqui 56v

1484
WORD INDEX

bo(ol arudasun abqui 61v

abuba

ed mal ibqarabasu emn-e g-n kmn abuba 31r

abubasu

abiig abubasu 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v

abaig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v

ada(usun abubasu 21v

adusun abubasu 22v

ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v

mal ada(usun abubasu 26v

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v

ed mal abubasu 30r, 31r

ed mal gbes abubasu 43v

ri abubasu 22v, 25r, 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r

ai( ri abubasu 36v

(uyil'(-a abubasu 25r

belbesn em-e abubasu 25r, 32r

em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r

ber'i abubasu 25r, 29r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 41v, 43r

in-e beri abubasu 35r

in-e debel abubasu 25r

1485
WORD INDEX

ya(un ba abubasu 25r, 28v

qonin abasu [=abubasu] 27r

dalal(-a abubasu 29r

adu(usun ba okin gbes abubasu 29v

in-e ger abubasu 29v

baa( abubasu 30r

baa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r

ker abubasu 31v

mal gbes abubasu 32r

bou( abubasu 34v

abubasu 34v, 46v

glige gbes abubasu 35r, 37r, 41r

kbegn-e mi gbes abubasu 46v

tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu abubasu 46v

qan kmn-ee ola abubasu 47v

lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r

abun

kegken abun neyilikilbes 36r

aba

aba

niru(un-tur erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

1486
WORD INDEX

abai-

abaiqu

negen met ma(u erin abaiqu 27v

abaiyu

ed mal ibqarabasu geigen-dr tgenet kmn qula(uyu umara g-ee

ire abaiyu 29v

aba(-a

aba(-a-yin

eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v

abala-

abalabasu

abalabasu 22v, 26v, 32r, 36v

abari(ulu(i

abari(ulu(i

takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i Mig buyu 33v

abdara

abdara

kger-n abdara kibes 37r

Abidarm-a

Abidarm-a-yin

deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal 2v

1487
WORD INDEX

Abiji/Abaji

Abiji

Abiji 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 21r, 59r, 59v

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es Abiji sara 14r

Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r

Abiji na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v

timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu 33v

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi Abiji buyu 34r

Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui 37v

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu [. . . ] Saran odun Abaji

qoyar 45r

ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v

mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .]Abiji [. . .] sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .]Abiji [. . .] sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Abaji [. . .] sayin 55v

Abaji [. . .] edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r

[. . .] Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v

drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar.

Abaji Barani qoyar buyu 61r

1488
WORD INDEX

Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn

obo(-tan buyu 61r

abiig

abiig

arbun tabun-a a(-un krdn- abiig talbi(san sayin a( bui 10r

abiig ab- 11r, 13r, 21v, 28v, 43v, 46v, 56v, 56v

abaig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v

abaig abqu edrn sayin 56v

abaig abqu sayin edr 56v

takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r

abiig kiged qutu( oroi(ulqu iles 38r

abla-

ablabasu

kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu 36r

okin bo(talabasu (uyubasu ablabasu 36v

okin bo(talabasu ablabasu 37r

abta-

abtaqu

qula(ai-tu abtaqu 56r

abu(i

1489
WORD INDEX

abu(i

abu(i eliy-e odun 59r

abu(da-

abu(daqu

na(idar sayin. bges qa(uin-dur abu(daqu 56v

abula-

abulabasu

biig abulibasu 36r, 36v

aburitu

iles-dr mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur 25v

qata(uu do(in aburitu 61v

ilu(un aburitu 61v

ai

ai

qula(ayii-yin ai inu i(au ggmi 31v

ai r-e

to(an-u a'i r-e 1v

sayin ma(u ai r-e 4r

ai r-e inu mai yeke bol[u]yu 38r

ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v

ai r-e inu mai sayin bolumui 44v

1490
WORD INDEX

ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v

ai r-e btk 46r

ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui 46v

ai-nar

kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r

kbegn ainar delgerek 57v

ai-nar-i

kbegn ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu 34r

ada

ada

kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r

qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v

ada todqor 58r

ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar 29r

qulu(an-a qaabasu ada todqor bolqu 57r

sn kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r

keriy-e kegbes [. . .] ada todqor bolqu 58r

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r

kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r

qorin ir(u(an-a qoor ada bolqu 56r

1491
WORD INDEX

ada-du

ada-du krtey 50r

ada-du uaraqu 50r

ada(ula-

ada(ula(san

qonin ada(ula(san 4v

ada(usun/adusun/adu(usun

ada(usun/adusun/adu(usun

ada(usun abubasu 21v

adusun abubasu 22v

mal ada(usun abubasu 26v

ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v

ada(usun srglebes 21v

adu(usun s[]rglebes 32r

adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v

adu(usun sal(an srglebes 36r

ada(usun/adu(usun ibqarabasu 22r, 27r

ada(usun ba ed ibqarabasu 23r

ed ada(usun/adu(usun ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r

ada(usun gbes 23r, 26v

adu(usun gbes 30r

1492
WORD INDEX

ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v

eremdeg-dr ada(usun gbes 31r

ed adu(usun nemey 25v

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v

mal adu(usun buu g 26r

ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v

adu(usun quriyabasu 26v

adu(usun ba okin gbes abubasu 29v

(aar kdelbes adu(usun trglten-dr ma(u 31r

mal adu(usun gbes 31v

kmn-e adu(usun gbes 36v

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r

adu(usun gki iles 46r

adu(usun sr dalalbasu 46v

kebili-tr adu(usun buu ab 55r

ada(usun olqu 58r

adu(usun qudalduqui 61v

ada(usun-dur/adu(usun-dur

(aar kdelbes adu(usun-dur ma(u 31r

adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi yeke boluyu 38r

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

1493
WORD INDEX

adu(usun-i

adu(usun-i in-e kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r

adu(usun-i srglebes 37r

ada(usun-u/adu(usun-u

mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 24r

ada(usun-u sr dalalbasu 31r

adala-

adalamui

kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r

okin trbes erketen-dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v

qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

adali

adali 39r

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r

Mig na(idar kemebes ske-dr adali bui 27r

abiig kiged qutu( oroi(ulqu iles yirtin-yin iles-dr adali busu

bolai 38r

matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr adali ma(u bui 39r

iles iledbes ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu iro(ai-dur adali 48r

1494
WORD INDEX

adalidqa-

adalidqabasu

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu 4r, 4r

adis

adis

drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v

adistid

adistid

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v

Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r

adqu

adqu

nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r

isn adqu iroi 22r

adusun

[see under ada(usun]

a(ali

a(ali-tu

kbegn trbes qudali umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v

a(la(

1495
WORD INDEX

a(la(

a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v

a(ui

a(ui yeke 1v, 25v

bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun 59r

a(ula

a(ula

drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r

(aar kdelbes a(ula ebderemi 29v

a(ula-aa

a(ula-aa modun eribes l oldaqu 47v

a(ula-yi

Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un

qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r

a(ula-yin

Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v, 32v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun ali bui 32v

Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen [. . .] 32v

Smber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu 38v

a(ur

a(ur

1496
WORD INDEX

il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r

edr sni-yin a(ur 5v

qabur namarun a(ur basa tegnilen bolumui 6r

tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r

sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-gei bges tere saban sara bolumui 6v

(aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r

(aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r

a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r

qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad 13r

(aar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

drben a(-un a(ur oroqu 59v

a(ur-

a(urbasu

dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v

rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v

a(urasun

a(urasun

ed a(urasun nemek sayin 46v

a(urqai

a(urqai

1497
WORD INDEX

nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i (odun) 33r, 33v

a(urqai bulabasu 42v

a(urqai erbes 42v

ai

ai

ai okin ken buyu 32v

ai okin i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge glemi 32v

ai okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali 32v

ai qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r

aar(-a

aar(-a

aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r

aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu 35r

ala-

alau

yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r

alaqu

alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes 28r

takiy-a l alaqu 58r

Noqai edr noqai l teigek l alaqu l aniqu 58r

(aqai l alaqu 58r

1498
WORD INDEX

ala(

ala(

solbi(san ala( iruqai

kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r

ala( nidn

Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v

ala( dusul 43v

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

ala( debisker 43r

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

ala( noqai-tai teyim kmn 24v

ala( debel buu edke buu ems 35r

alaldu-

alalduqui

kbegn trbes alalduqui nitulqui-tur duritu 32r

albin/alban

albin

albin salm-a

albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar 27v

albin-u

Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u [=albin-u] na(idar 29v

1499
WORD INDEX

albin-u degeremei odun 59r

ala-

alaqu

(aar kdelbes l alaqu 28r

alda-

aldabasu

aman aldabasu 34v

alda(ad

toyin bolbasu a(abad-iyan alda(ad 27r

alda(san

usun-dur alda(san imnus-un odun 59r

aldaqu

qudalduin-dur odbasu ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r

ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v

alda(ulu(i

alda(ulu(i

qan kmn-i r-e alda(ulu(i [odun] ali bui 33r

ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v

ba(i kmn-i idker-<y>i bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i Burnavasu

buyu 33v

qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu 33v

1500
WORD INDEX

aldari-

aldariqu

sayin ner-e aldariqu 61v

ali

ali 7r, 7r, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r,

33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v,

50v

sara-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui medek kereg 4v

aliba

aliba 4v, 6v, 6v, 22v, 23v, 24v, 26v, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 35r, 37r, 37v, 38r, 39r,

42v, 43r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 56v,

57v, 57v, 58v, 58v, 59r, 61v

aliba odun na(idar-<y>i endegre 4v

aliba-yi

aliba-yi ila(u(i tegs leyit boluyu 25v

alim-a

alim-a

alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r

alimad

alimad 33v

ineleki sara alimad inu 2r

1501
WORD INDEX

alqu

alqu

dolo(an alqu (aar-a 23v

alqum

alqum

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn-

ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge

tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

alta(n)

altan

Altan (odun) 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 37r, 37r, 37v,

37v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v,

48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v

Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23v

altan mngg qudaldubasu 26r

(uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

altan maltabasu 34v

1502
WORD INDEX

altan buu sri 35r

Altan gerel ungi 42v

altan ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r

Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

altatu

ula(an altatu debel 34v

altan-u

rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r

altain

altain-a

(aar kdelbes altain-a ma(u bui 28v

ama(n)

ama-tu

yeke amatu sn-e-dr morin buu dobtul 33v

amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r

aman

aman aldabasu 34v

kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v

yeke kmn- kele aman bolqu 57v

ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v

aman inu doron-a emn-e 55r

1503
WORD INDEX

aman inu emn-e rn-e 55r

aman inu rn-e umara 55r

aman inu doron-a umara 55r

aman-a

aman-a (aar usun-i taki 55v

aman-aa

er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola 52v

aman-du

kelen aman-du oroqu 50r

tngri-yin noqai-yin aman-du buu g 53r

aman-dur

aman-dur r-e gei bolu(ad ge da(un bolqu 52v

aman-tur ge da(un uaram 52v

aman-dur irig buu morda 55r

amara(

amara(

qurim keyibes irken met amara( kbegn kk 42v

amara( kmn-lu(-a ol(oqu 57v

amidu

amidu

amidu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile-dr sayin 29v

1504
WORD INDEX

eige eke deg amidu 51v

ami(n)

amin

amin saki(ulsun

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emn-e 8r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emn-e 12r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a 13r

amin saki(ulsun rn-e 14r

amin saki(ulsun rn-e emn-e 15r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emn-e 16r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a 17r

amin saki(ulsun rn-e emn-e 18r

amin saki(ulsun rn-e emn-e 19r

amin saki(ulsun iled- 34r, 46r

amin saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v

amin oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36v, 36v, 37r

(aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r

okin gbes amin nasun oqur bolqu 24r

amin oqor bolumui 27v

kbegn trbes amin nasun oqor bolqu 29v

beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v

1505
WORD INDEX

iled-dgi kmn- amin nasun oqor bolumui 39r

raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v

amin nasun btgeki 45v

kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

amin nasun aqur bolqu 47v

amin-dur

a(un amin-dur krmi 47v

edge amin-dur ma(u 50v

amin-u

amin-u saki(ulsun

amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r

amin-u saki(ulsun rn-e emn-e 10r

amin-u saki(ulsun rn-e umar-a 11r

amin-u saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v

amin-u oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36r

amila-

amilabasu

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v

Amindiu-a

Amindiu-a

Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud

1506
WORD INDEX

terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r

amisqa-

amisqaqu

amisqaqu-yin

bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban

a(un iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r

amisqaqui

amisqaquy-i

ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen me 5v

amisqaqui-lu(-a

tere kemebes tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu bol- 5v

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v

amitan

amitan

yertin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r

ir(oli terigten amitan degde o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

amitan usun-dur kmi 31v

amitan-a

kbegn trbes bayan bolu(ad yeke beligt amitan-a tuslamui 30r

medegid uqa(id qamu( amitan-a delgereglbes 47v

1507
WORD INDEX

amitan-i

yertin-deki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r

kmn ba yer qamu( amitan-i to(alau medek-yin tula ba(umui 55r

amitan-u

amitan-u itegel burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 2r

qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse i(ulqui-dur inu 38v

qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59r

amtatu

amtatu

darasun amtatu bolumui 8r

amu-

amuqu

sedkil l amuqu 58r

amu(ulang

deged amu(ulang 1v, 38r

amu(ulang ir(alang-i trglk 2v

amu(ulang bolu(ad 37v

amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v

amurli(ul-

amurli(ulbasu

(adquldu(an-i amurli(ulbasu 23r

1508
WORD INDEX

amurling(ui

amurling(ui iles (keyi-) 18r, 41v, 45r, 46r, 61r

ana(a-

ana(aqui

ana(aquy-a

ebedin krtebes ana(aquy-a berke 40r

anda

anda

quda anda

quda anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v

qudda anda bolulibasu 28r, 28r, 29r, 31r, 32r

quda anda eribes 31r

anggida

anggida

inein ir(u(an dolo(an ede (urban edr-ee anggida Altan odun inu

bgdede sayin 38r

anggir

anggir

anggir (ala(un

a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r

anu

1509
WORD INDEX

anu 1v, 2v, 3v, 4r, 5v, 5v, 20v, 29r, 35v, 39v, 40r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47r,

48v, 50v, 54v, 56v, 58v, 58v, 59r, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 61v

Anurad

Anurad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

33v, 34r, 34r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r,

56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61r

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu- 18r, 19r

qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r

Anurad na(idar 29r

Anurad-tu

Anurad-du deged idi olqu boluyu 38r

aq-a

aq-a

aq-a yeke kmn 4v

aq-a deg 30r

aqa deg qoyar kmn uirau i(au ggmi 25v

aq-a deg qoyar teriglen qula(uyu 26r

bombo aq-a deg qoya(ula i(au ggmi 26r

aq-a kmn- iles-dr sayin 30r

aqu

1510
WORD INDEX

[see under a-]

aqui

[see under a-]

aqur

[see under oqor]

arad

arad

bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki 5r

(aar kdelbes yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v

olan arad okiqu 56r

arad-i

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v

arad-lu(-a

ma(u arad-lu(-a ol(oqu 57r

aran

aran-lu(-a

ma(u aran-lu(-a uirabasu 22v

arban

arban 37r, 38v, 39v, 44r, 55v

arban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

1511
WORD INDEX

41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

ine(-yin) arban 38r, 38r, 53r, 56v, 56v, 58v

arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui 6r

arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r

arban alqum 6v, 6v

arban sara 17r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50r, 60r, 60v

arban kmn 53v

arban nigen 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v

arban nigen sara 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v,

41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

arban qoyar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50v, 53r, 56r, 56v

arban qoyar sara 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r, 6v, 7v, 32v, 41v, 60r, 60v

arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r

arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r

arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun

1512
WORD INDEX

glegsen ma(u edr-<y>i ek 47r

arban qoyar sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r

arban qoyar itn barildaqui 2v, 2v

arban qoyar a( 6r

arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek

krdn 50r

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

arban qoyar il 34r

na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u

il(al-i ek 46v

arban qoyar ein 35v

arban qoyar gdanm-a 38v

arban qoyar edr

arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi

ek krdn ene bui 50r

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

arban (urban 2r, 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v, 56v

arban drben 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19r,

19v, 38r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

1513
WORD INDEX

53r, 56r, 56v

arban tabun 2r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 6v, 7r, 8r, 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r,

39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v

edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v

sni arban tabun tediken qubi 5v

arban tabun odun 33r

arban ir(u(an 3r, 5v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r,

44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v

arban dolo(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 44v, 44v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56r

arban naiman 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r

arban isn 8v, 9v, 10r, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 56r

arban-a

arban-a leyit sayin 56r

1514
WORD INDEX

ari(ul-

ari(ulbasu

ger tergen ari(ulbasu 54v

Ardar

Ardar

Ardar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

52r, 52r, 59r, 59v

Ardar na(idar 26r

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .]Ardar [. . .]sayin 37v

Ardar-dr buyan ke[i]g sayitur nemey 37v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui [. . .]

'al odun Ardar qoyar 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui

[. . .] Usun odun Ardar qoyar 45r

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v

Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r

na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek anu

ene bolai Margaar Ardar qoyar Qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v

1515
WORD INDEX

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .]Ardar [. . .] sayin 48v

beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Ardar

[. . .] ma(u 53r

debel emsk sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Ardar [. . .] ma(u 56r

Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v

naiman ber-n odun kemebes Ardar Burnavasu qoyar 60v

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v

ar(-a

ar(-a

ar(-a uqaqui 2v

o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk odun na(idar-i l medek bges tegni

medeki ar(-a inu 4v

saban sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a 6v

ar(-a ali

okin trbes qula(ayii ba ar(-a ali yeke-d bui 28r

(aar kdelbes ar(-a beligten ber a(uraban ebderem 31v

(alqalaqu ar(-a 42v

ar(ada-

ar(adabasu

busud-i ar(adabasu 9r, 19r

1516
WORD INDEX

ari(un

ari(un takin-a 1v

ari(un gegen-e iruqai 2v

gken ari(un kbegn 24r

ari(un sayin kbegn 54v

ariki

ariki

ariki iskebes 31v, 46v

aril-

arilu(san

arilu(san-u

teyin bged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r

aril(a-

aril(au

yirtin-tekin- obalang-i aril(au 2v

aril(an

dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v

aril(a(i

aril(a(i 35v

uu aril(a(i edr 35v

arila

1517
WORD INDEX

arila

qudaldu arila kibes 35v

arilu(sad

arilu(sad

(ana gr-d sedkil-n inar arilu(sad 1v

arisun

arisun-iyan

Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr orkimui 11r

ariyatan

ariyatan-u

ariyatan-u snesn na(idar 27v

arsalan

arsalan

arsalan quraimui 14r

arsalan-u 59r

Arsalan-u ger

naran Arsalan-u gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan

quraimui 14r

arsalan-u o(dor met 59v

ari

ari 1v

1518
WORD INDEX

ari-nar

ari-nar-un

ari-narun glegsen edrn belge 20r

arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek anu 47r

arvis

arvis

arvis tarni uribasu 25v

asa(u-

asa(ubasu

qa(an teden alimad bui kemen asa(ubasu okin qari(uu glern 33v

asa(u(san

asa(u(san-dur

ya(un idamu kemen asa(u(san-dur tere okin glern 32v

asa(ur-un

qa(an basa asa(urun 32v

qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i beled asa(ur-un 32v

qa(an basa asa(urun odun-u terign ali bui 33r

qa(an asa(urun 33r

qa(an asa(urun (al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

asar

1519
WORD INDEX

asar

asar kriy-e baribasu 46v

asara-

asarabasu

qatun kmn-i asarabasu 23r

asaraqu

in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v

ede edr in-e asaraqu 53v

Asli(/Asli(

Asli( 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v, [16v], 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r,

59v

Asli( na(idar 27r

nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i Asli( buyu 33v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede

dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v

Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Asli( [. . .] ma(u 48v

Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig abqui

sayin 56v

Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v

drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji

1520
WORD INDEX

Barani qoyar buyu 61r

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

asuri

asuri-nar

asuri-nar-un

'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un

inar bui 22v

aida

aida-yin

tbidkek aida-yin iles-dr sayin 45v

ai(

ai(

ai( gei 34r

i(ulilabasu ai( gei 25v

ai( ri abubasu sayin 36v

ai( tusa

ai( tusa eribes 43v, 61v/ai( tusa eribes 43v, 61r

ai( tusa bt- 45v, 49v

ai( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r

ai(la-

1521
WORD INDEX

ai(labasu/aiglabasu 36v

Aivani/Auvani

Aivani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 52r,

59r, 59v

Aivani sara

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani

sara 16r

Aivani na(idar/Auvani na(idar 32r

o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .]

'al odun Aivani qoyar 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u

uaral bolumui. [. . .] 'al odun Aivani qoyar 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .]

Usun odun Aivani qoyar 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .]

Altan odun Aivani qoyar 45r

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden

1522
WORD INDEX

usun bui 61r

mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Aivani sayin 48v

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Aivani sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Aivani [. . .] odun sayin 51r

[. . .] Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r

Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig

abqui sayin 56v

ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman

na(idar bui. [. . .] umara Udaribadaribad kiged Aivani qoyar 60v

Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan

buyu 61r

aya(-a

aya(-a

isn adqu iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge 22r

ayan

ayan

irig ayan mordabasu 42r

erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

ayima(

ayima(

1523
WORD INDEX

naiman ayima( 2v, 2v, 20r

ayima(-iyar

ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

ya(as-un ayima(-iyar kriyelegl 38v

ayima(-ud

ayima(-ud-i

naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu 35r

ayima(-ud-iyar

ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v

ayima(-ud-un

naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r

naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui 39r

naiman ayima(-ud 38v

naiman ayima(-ud<-ud> terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r

naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl 38v

ayima(-un

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn 20r

ayu-

ayuqu

nayitabasu ayuqu ile bolqu 58r

ayul

1524
WORD INDEX

ayul

nara sara kbes tere ulus-dur (ai(un obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r

Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu dayisun-i [=dayisun-u]

ayul bolqu 46r

ede ayul bolqu beri 52r

ayul-dur

tngri-yin ayul-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

ayul-tu

qulu(an-a qaabasu ayul-du ile bolqu 58v

Ayui

Ayui-yin

Ayui-yin nom ungiqui [. . .] iles-dr sayin 45v

ba

ba 1v, 1v, 1v, 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 3r, 3v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v,

4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 5v,

5v, 6r, 7r, 22r, 22r, 22r, 22r, 22r, 22v, 22v, 22v, 22v, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v,

24v, 25r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 30r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v,

31v, 32r, 32r, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 35r, 35v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38v,

38v, 41r, 44v, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 50v, 53v, 53v, 55r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56v, 57r,

58v, 59v, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v

yampar ba 41v

1525
WORD INDEX

baa(

baa( abubasu 30r

baa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r

Badm-a

Badm-a dagini 49v

ba(-a

ba(-a sara 51v

sara ba(-a bges 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r

ba(atud

ba(atud

(aar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v

ba(atud-un

(aar-un ba(atud-un tere g ereg ba negdel buu od 58v

ba(atur

ba(atur

iles-dr mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v

eskleng-t ba(atur tegs ir(alang-du boluyu 25v

ba(i

ba(i

Nagajun-a ba(i 3r, 4r

1526
WORD INDEX

ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i (odun) 33v, 33v

ba(i on-du l krk 41r

ba(i-yin

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin

ma(u-i ek krdn 49v

ba(u-

ba(u

in-e nutu(-dur buu ba(u 43r

ba(ubasu

(ni(ur umara [etc.]) g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v

ba(u(san

burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( 16r

ba(umu

tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 54r

ba(umui 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 55r

tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r

ba(uqu 43r, 43r

ebln nara ba(uqu edr 3r

ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r

Maqagala ba(uqu edr 46v

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge 20r

1527
WORD INDEX

Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r

Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge 20r

er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu ba(uqu bui 52r

beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu g 53v

(aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu tula 58v

ba(u(da-

ba(u(daqui

er-e-yin em g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r

(abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r

ba(ul(a-

ba(ul(-a

ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v

ba(ul(abasu

beri ba(ul(abasu 22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v,

28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 36v,

40r, 41r, 41v, 47v, 60r

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v

okin ba(ul(abasu 43v

okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v

ba(ul(aqu

beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r

1528
WORD INDEX

ba(ul(aqu-du

beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r

ba(ul(aqui

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun 51r

ber'i ba(ul(aqui g 52r

ba(ura-

ba(ura(san

ba(ura(san bandi 24v

ba(ura(ul-

ba(ura(ulu(i

timed-n erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i (odun) 33r, 33v

ba(urau

qa(an ba(urau qarau bolumui 42v

timed ba(urau (uyira(i bolumui 42v

ba(uram

ba(uram 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v,

10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

24v

1529
WORD INDEX

ba(uraqu

mi-ber nemek ba. ba(uraqu-bar edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v

buyan keig ba(uraqu 41r

keig ba(uraqu edr 59v

ba(urai

ba(urai 51v

ba(uray-aa

ba(uray-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

Bajar/Bajar

Bajar

Bajar dagini 49r

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn 3r

balai

balai kmn-i nidt[e]i bol(a(i 33v

bal(asun

bal(asun

bal(asun baribasu 22v

isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar 25r

bal(asun deledbes 25v, 34r, 35r

qota bal(asun imebes 34v

1530
WORD INDEX

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes 37v

qota bal(asun baribasu 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 61r

qota bal(asun bariqui 45v

bal(asun-dur

qo(osun bal(asun-dur 24v

bal(asun-i

dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v

baling

baling do(in 39v

baling do(in gik edrn belge 20v

baling do(in qami(-a (sa(uqu) 40r, 41r

bandi/bandi

bandi/bandi 22v, 23v, 24r, 26r

ba(ura(san bandi 24v

bandi bombo kmn 31r

bandida

bandida ingq-a sari 1v

bara-

baraqu

ed(-iyen) baraqu 46v, 50r, 56v

barayu

1531
WORD INDEX

ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

bara(an

bara(an

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r

bara(an oro(ulbasu 36v

bara(an-i

nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge gerte okiyabasu 36v

bara(da-

bara(daqu

ed bara(daqu . . . edr 59v

bara(daqui

bara(daqui-yi

sara degrki bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r

bara(daqui medek kereg 4v

bara(un

bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r

bara(ur [n. haggling; wrangling; bargaining];

keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v

barama

barama ia(ur-tan 31v

Barani

1532
WORD INDEX

Barani 8v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v, 33r,

33r, 33r, 33v, 45r, 45v, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Barani na(idar 32r

baras [n. tiger];

baras 59v

Baras a( 50r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v

Baras (edr) 2r, 2r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r,

42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v,

60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Baras sar-a 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 8r, 8r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

bing baras sara 7v, 7v

uu baras sara 7v, 7v

keng baras sara 7v, 7v

im baras sara 7v, 7v

ja baras sara 7v, 7v

Baras il 41r, 50v, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v

baras ula(alamui 8r

baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

1533
WORD INDEX

19v, 19v

Baras (aar

itgen- eke Baras (aar-a 11r

a(an baras 49r, 49r, 49r

a(an baras king ing 41r

baras met kmn erebes 27v

baras-un 59r, 59r

bari-

bari(i)

mese buu barii 33v

tr buu bari 34v

ger buu bari 55r

baribasu

sm-e baribasu 31v, 47v

sm-e keyid baribasu 21v

sm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v

kbegn-e ger baribasu 21v

ger baribasu 26r, 26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 33v, 33v, 35r, 35v, 43r,

43v, 46v, 55v, 60r

ini ger baribasu 24r, 35r

ini gerdr orobasu ba. baribasu 22r

1534
WORD INDEX

irid-n ger baribasu 26v

kbegn-dr ger baribasu 33v

kbegn-e ger baribasu 35r

qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v

dabqur ger baribasu 43v

in-e qa(al(-a baribasu 22r

qota bal(asun baribasu 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 61r

bal(asun baribasu 22v

qota baribasu 41r, 42r, 42v

tabang baribasu 23r

kuu sang-un ger baribasu 25v

(aar baribasu 30v

kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 30v

ireg kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 32r

(tr) baribasu 34v

yeke tr baribasu 41v

ile baribasu 35r

ebedin baribasu 37r

oron-u irige baribasu 37r

kriy-e baribasu 42v

asar kriy-e baribasu 46v

1535
WORD INDEX

qoriy-a baribasu 42v, 48r

yender baribasu 42v

bari(san 54v

qara ya(um-a bari(san 5r

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri bui 54r

bgde sayin buyan keig bari(san beri bui 54r

kmn- yasun bari(san beri bui 54r

(ar-ta(an odo( bari(san bui 54r

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

bariju

to(osun bariu 3r

qara(ai iba(un taulai bariu 15r

kegeri bariu 21v, 22r, 23v, 23v, 24v

kiiri bariu 23r, 23r

yerti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v

bariqu 37r

sme keyid bariqu (aar-yi beleglebes 23r

in-e (aar bariqu tariyan taribasu 24r

yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r

(aar bariqu na(idar 29v

ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a 33v, 33v

1536
WORD INDEX

kmn yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a 33v

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr 37v

bariqu (aar eribes 42r

bariqui

qota bal(asun bariqui . . . aida-yin iles-dr sayin 45v

tr bariqui . . . iles 61r

bari(i

bari(i

a( bari(i 33r

a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar okin tngri 32v

nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein 43v

k sang bari(i odun 59r

bari(id

bari(id

usun bari(id-aa 1v

bari(ul-

bari(ulbasu

ebedin bari(ulbasu 35v

bari(ulu

tegn (artur nigen irbegel bari(ulu 54v

1537
WORD INDEX

barilda-

barildaqui

itn barildaqui 1v, 2v, 2v

bariy-a

bariy-a kriy-e d uaraqu 50r

basa

basa 2v, 2v, 3r, 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5v, 6r,

6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 23v, 24v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 37v, 38r, 38r, 40r, 42r,

45v, 45v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 61v, 61v, 61v

basa nigen eket 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42r,

42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v,

47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r, 56r, 60v

basa nigen il 60v

basar

basar belid-n na(idar 30v

bata

bata

bati bata

bati bata gik edrn belge 20v

nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui 28v

1538
WORD INDEX

bati

bati bata

bati bata gik edrn belge 20v

batu

sedkil inu batu 29r

bayan

bayan 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 56r, 57r, 58r

bayan bol- 26r, 30r, 30r, 32v, 47v

geg kmn-i bayan bol(a(i (odun) 33r, 33v

bayan kmn-i gegreglegi (odun) 33r, 33v, 59r

bayan bges (uyila(i bolqu 41v

dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r

bayar

bayar

bayar qurim keyi- 42r, 46r

bayas-

bayasun

qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun sayiiyamu 60v

bayasqulang

bayasqulang

ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r

1539
WORD INDEX

bayasqulang bolqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 57v, 58r, 58r

yeke bayasqulang bolqu 56r, 56r

bayasqulang-tu

bayasqulang-du kele irek 57r

bayi-

bayimui

r-e inu l bayimui 34v

bayiqu

nara keiy-e bayiqu 3r

nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r

ebln nara bayiqu 6r

edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji 6v

un-u nara bayiqu 6v

un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r

bayi(ul-

bayi(ulju

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes 6r

bayi(ulqui

itgen bayi(ulqui 45v

bayiri

bayiri-dur

1540
WORD INDEX

bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v

bayiing

bayiing

ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r

bein

bein

Bein (sara) 14r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

im bein sara 7v

a bein sara 7v

bing bein sara 7v

uu bein sara 7v

king bein sara 7v

Tbed-dr Bein sar-a 14r

Bein a( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r

im bein a( 7v

a bein a( 7v

bing bein a( 7v

uu bein a( 7v

king bein a( 7v

1541
WORD INDEX

Bein (edr) 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r,

46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 51r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 58r, 58v, 59v, 59v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Bein (aar-a 19r

Bein il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

55v, 55v, 58v

bein ilten 24r, 54v

bein ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

bein sereki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

modun im[e]g bein

modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan

teigemi 14r

kke bein a ii 41r

Qubi sarayin dolo(an inide Baras iln qari bein g qadqu 50v

bein- 59r, 59r

belbesn

belbesn

belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22r

belbesn em-e 25r, 25v, 29v

1542
WORD INDEX

belbesn em-e abubasu 25r, 32r

beri abubasu belbesn bolumui 43r

drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan

kiged buyu 61r

belid

belid-n

irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v

beled-

beled

takil beled 32v

qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i beled asa(ur-un 32v

belge

belge 3v, 4v, 58r

Baras sara mn- tula belge inu baras ula(alamui 8r

Taulai sara mn- tula belge inu modun bgde ula(ala(san-i

taulai mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r

Luu sara mn- tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r

Morin sara mn- tula. belge inu morin qulan terigten tar(ulu

ngge sn giimi 12r

Qonin sara mn- tula. belge inu qonin addu(ad tar(u giiu 13r

Bein sara mn- tula belge inu modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide

1543
WORD INDEX

iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r

Takiy-a sara mn- tula belge inu qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide

iddumui 15r

Noqai sara mn- tula belge inu noqai quraiu [=quriau]

qoiyalamui 16r

'aqai sar-a. mn- tula belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r

Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee

l (arumui 18r

lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r

belge inu gede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni 44v

raiyan edr-n belge erdini bui 20r

belge inu degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v

o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui 20r

belge inu qumq-a ene bui 47r

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adusun

bui 20r

belge inu doro(i qandu(san (adasun 39r

qariqu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r

belge inu gede qandu(san (adasun bui 39r

luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r

belge inu kke na(ur bui 39v

1544
WORD INDEX

qariqui edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r

belge inu ula(an nara bui 39v

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r

belge inu doro(i qandu(san jindamuni ene bui 45r

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

belge inu doro(i qandu(san subur(-a 45r

im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r

belge inu qara ene bui 45r

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r

belge inu tong(ori( bui 47r

Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r

belge inu gabala ene bui 47r

erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r

belge inu vair bui 38r

qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r, 38r

ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r

belge inu ula(an sg bui 47v

1545
WORD INDEX

kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r

belge inu qara jindamuni ene bui 45r

kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r

do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r

ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v

qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara ji sg bui 42v

Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v

ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r

baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r

ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v

belge ene qara dusul 41v

gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui 20v

yeke qara edrn belge inu (urbalin qara bui 20v

tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v

qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v

belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui 46v

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

belge inu ala( dusul bui 43v

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

1546
WORD INDEX

belge inu ala( debeskir bui 43r

gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v

belge inu drbeljin qara debesker ene bui 44r

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara

bui 20v

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v

ebdegi edrn belge inu qada(ur bui 20v

belge inu qara qada(ur 43v

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin

bui 20v

belge inu (urban nidt drbelin 44r

tleki edrn belge anu solbi(san qara iruqai 20v

belge inu solbi(san qara iruqai 44v

belgele-

beleglebes

(aar-<y>i beleglebes 23r

belgelemi

qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemi 8r

qorin nigen-e r-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r

arban isn-e buuday-yin sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 10r

1547
WORD INDEX

qorin dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi 18r

qorin tabun-a sara-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belge imi

[=emi] 19r

belges

belges-lge

ede belges-lu(-a [=belges-lge] tokiyaldu(ulu 5r

belig [see under bilig]

ber

ber

bges ber 1v, 39r, 42r

baras met kmn erebes ber oluyu 27v

beri/beri

beri/beri

beri/beri ba(ul(a- 22r, 22v, 23v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v,

28r, 28r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 36v, 40r,

41r, 41v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 53r, 60r

ber'i/beri buu ba(ul(-a 33v, 34r, 34v

okin ber'i gbes 22v, 35v

beri buu g 58v

ber'i/beri ab- 25r, 29r, 30r, 35r, 35r, 41v, 42v, 45v, 52r, 55v

beri/beri buu ab 43r, 51v, 55r

1548
WORD INDEX

beri abubasu u(tubasu 29r

l okiqu beri 52r

qa(aiqu beri 52r, 52r

ayul bolqu beri 52r

deged beri 52r

dumda beri 52r

es beri 52r

kk beri 52r

beri ktelgi 52v

beri (al-du mrgglk a( 53v

beri mr (arqu g 54r

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r

kon-dur uira(san beri 54r

buyan keig bari(san beri 54r

da-dur ucira(san beri 54r

kmn- yasun bari(san beri 54r

ken-dr uira(san beri 54r

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri 54r

kam-dur uira(san beri 54r

gin-dr uira(san beri 54r

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

1549
WORD INDEX

jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v

sn-dr uira(san beri 54v

beri-dr

mo(ai morin ilt beri-dr lemi ma(u 54r

beri-yi

beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r

lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r

beri-yin

beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v

beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r

beri-yin drben ilmus 52r

beri-yin ni(ur-yi qandun ba(uqu g 53v

berke

berke

kbegn trbes teigeky-e berke 22v

ebedin krtebes ana(aquy-a berke 40r

ebedin krtebes edegeky-e berke 42v

bertegin

bertegin

bertegin kbegn 2r

bertegin arad 5r

1550
WORD INDEX

bey-e/biy-e

bey-e/biy-e

ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn idtala idemi 19r

biy-e ugiyabasu 21v, 22r, 23r

bey-e ugiyabasu 26v, 41v

biy-e inu ken 32v

noyan-u bey-e ba morin-dur ma(u 41r

bey-e inu kk 50r, 50r

bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi 55r

biy-e bildar (oo-a 61r

biy-e-ben

qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32vr

bey-e-d

ede sarada okin-u bey-e-d ma(u 51r

biy-e-dr

biy-e-dr-iyen

saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu 31r

bey-e-tei

erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei 39v

bey-e-t

kmn- bey-e-d. noqai terigt [. . .] 55r

1551
WORD INDEX

bey-e-yi

bey-e-[y]i turi modun-iyar ime 30v

bi

bi 32v, 32v, 32v

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

bi qa(a(i edr 37r

bi p edr 48v

bii-

biibes

nom biibes 26v, 36r

nom biig biibes 36v

biisgei

edr-lu(-a odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au biisgei 46r

il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei 48r

biig

biig

arlig biig tarqabasu 18r

biig to(-a sur(abasu 22v, 56v

biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v

1552
WORD INDEX

biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r

biig ungibasu 32r

qa(an-a tatal(-a biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v

biig abulibasu 36v

nom biig biibes 36v

qa(an-a biig oro(ulbasu 36v

biig-tr

biig-dr orobasu 36v, 37r

bildar

biy-e bildar

biy-e bildar (oo-a 61r

bilig

bilig

ng bilig

ng bilig olu(san Manjuari 1v

erdem bilig 25v

biligt

qaram yeke biligt 31r

bing

bing

bing in

1553
WORD INDEX

bing in yile 7v

bing in edr 7v

bing baras

bing baras sara 7v

bing baras a( 7v

bing luu

bing luu sara 7v

bing luu a( 7v

bing morin

bing morin sara 7v

bing morin a( 7v

bing bein

bing bein sara 7v

bing bein a( 7v

bing noqai

bing noqai sara 7v

bing noqai a( 7v

bing qulu(an-a

bing qulu(an-a sara 7v

bing qulu(an-a a( 7v

bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

1554
WORD INDEX

biqar

biqar qangin

biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r

biil(a-

biil(abasu 11r

burqan-i biil(abasu 26v

saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu 31r

biteg

qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r

nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i 33r, 33v

biy-e

[see under bey-e]

biyoo

biyoo 58v

blama

blam-a Manjuari 1v

bodgalis

bodgalis-tur

nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad

bodgalis-dur to(alaqui terigten tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki busu bgetele 1v

(urban a(-un uqa(-a edi bodgalis-dur ina(uki terigten itn barildaqui

1555
WORD INDEX

iles keregt 1v

bodisng

bodisng

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g in 2r

Manjuari bodis[n]g 2v

bodis[n]g-nar

burqan bodis[n]g-nar 1v

bodong

bodong (aqai-yin soyo(-a 60r

bo(o-

bo(ou

kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l okildun bo(ou kmi 30v

bo(ol

bo(ol

bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v

ed mal ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u sedke kmn-dr (ar(au

gbe 28r

bo(ol arudasun abqui 61v

bo(ir(-a

bo(ir(-a

boro bo(ir(-a

1556
WORD INDEX

a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r

bo(tala-

bo(talabasu

okin bo(talabasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r

bo(talau

okin bo(talau 47v

bo(tolaqu

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn 51r

okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r

bol-

bolai 4r, 8r, 38r, 44v, 46v, 52r, 54v, 58v, 59r, 59v, 60r

Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai 2v

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v

(urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal inu

nigen bolu(san bolai 4r

edr-n odun-i medek bolai 5r

edr-n odu-yi medebes na(idar-<y>i tegber medek bolai 5r

bolbasu 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 7r, 7r, 10r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 51v, 51v

mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar inu tasuraqu bolbasu tere edr

qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

1557
WORD INDEX

iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v

quda anda bolbasu 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v

toyin bolbasu 27r, 29v, 56v

keregr bolbasu 32r

er-e em-e bolbasu 54v, 54v

bolu 19r, 31v, 38r

qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r

bolqu 12r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 24r, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 29r,

29v, 30v, 32r, 35r, 39r, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42v, 45r, 46r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 47v, 47v,

50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 52r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 54v, 56r,

56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 57r,

57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v, 61r, 61r

(urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal inu

nigen bolu(san bolai 4r

bayasqulang bolqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r

buyan keig bolqu 50r

yar-a arq-a bolqu 50r

kelen aman bolqu 50r

1558
WORD INDEX

li-d bolqu 50r

ge da(un bolqu 50r

bolqui 38v, 61v

bolqui-du

quda anda bolqui-du (ayitu bui 56r

(aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v

bolu(ad 5v, 13r, 15r, 25v, 26r, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 37v, 38r, 47v, 52v, 54v,

54v, 56v, 58r, 61r, 61v

tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

bolu(san 6r

(urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal inu

nigen bolu(san bolai 4r

bolumui 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 7r, 7r, 8r, 10r, 11r, 13r, 17r,

18r, 19r, 25v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 30v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 37v, 37v, 38r,

38r, 38r, 39r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 52v, 52v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 58r, 58v, 60r

(urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg

bolumui 3v

1559
WORD INDEX

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin tula arban drben inu arban

tabun bolumui 3v

tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

ligsen-i [=legsen-i] saban sara bolumui 5r

tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu bolumui 5v

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v

iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v

gem l bolumui 37v

kemor gemil bolumui 50r

bolunam

qabar-tur qar-a mr-d bolunam 52v

bolurun

sadhu kemeged arli( bolurun 32v

boluyu 25r, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 38r, 38r,

39v, 44v, 51v, 61v

dayisun boluyu 17r

ai( tusa boluyu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r

ir(alang boluyu 50r

mai sayin boluyu 50r

1560
WORD INDEX

bol(a-

bol(abasu 6v

bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un

iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r

nigen ile qoyar bol(abasu 26v

bol(au 5v, 6v, 6v, 6v

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v

qaburun terign Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(au 2v

qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au inelemi 3r

nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au to(alaqui inu 5r

bol(an 5v, 6r, 10r, 32v

bgde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu bol(an ebes qono( tasuraqui nigen

g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 4r

bol(aqu

tegber urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v

bol(a(i

bol(a(i 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v,

33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v

Suvadi na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar

1561
WORD INDEX

bui 28v

boli-

boliyu

amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

bolula-

bolulabasu

qudda anda bolulibasu 28r, 28r, 29r, 31r, 32r

bombo

bombo 26r

bombo kmn 4v, 5r

bandi (ba) bombo 22v, 24v, 26r, 31r

bombo-nar

bombo-nar-dur

tlii gbes bombo-nardur ma(u 30v

borbin

borbin-dur

borbin-dur okin-da(an qari 52v

boro

boro 52v

kke boro mori 5r

boro bo(ir(-a

1562
WORD INDEX

boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r

boro(an

boro(an

boro(an orobasu sken bolqu 61r

boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg 61r

boro(an orobasu basa oro- 61v, 61v, 61v

bos-

bosu(ad

mana(ar erte bosu(ad (ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v

boskil

boskil

boskil sauu 24r

boso(-a

boso(-a

boso(-a bosqabasu 46v

bosqa-

bosqabasu

subur(-a bosqabasu 23v, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r

sm-e keyid bosqabasu 24r, 41v, 44v

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r

ger bosqabasu 28r

1563
WORD INDEX

ger tergen bosqabasu 37r, 42r

k sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r

sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v

qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v

qoriyan bosqabasu 42v

boso(-a bosqabasu 46v

bosqaqui

sm-e keyid bosqaqui 45v

bou(

bou(

bou( abubasu 34v

bged [see under b-]

bges [see under b-]

bgetele [see under b-]

bu-

buyu 2r, 2r, 2v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4v, 5r, 5r, 6r, 23r, 24r, 25v, 32v, 32v,

33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v,

33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r,

34r, 34r, 34v, 37v, 38v, 42v, 56v, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v,

1564
WORD INDEX

61v, 61v

Buda

Buda

Buda dagini 49v

bu(u

bu(u-yin 59r, 59r

bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r

bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun 59r

bula-

bula

bulai buu bula 34v

bulabasu

bulai bulabasu 21v

kmn- yasun bulabasu 32r

quddu( nke butegen bulabasu 36r

quddu( nke bulabasu 37r

a(urqai bulabasu 42v

eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v

bula(

bula(

a(an ila(u-tu bula( 22r

1565
WORD INDEX

bulai

bulai

bulai bulabasu 21v

bulai buu bula 34v

bul(ura(ulu(i

bul(ura(ulu(i

inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i Udaribadaribad buyu 33v

buliya-

buliyan

buliyan qula(ayiin-i getebes 36r

buliyan qula(ai getebes 36v

buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] iles 46r

buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uiraqu 47v

buq-a

buq-a

aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r

buq-a talbibasu 28r

aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu 35r

buq-a-yin

buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v

1566
WORD INDEX

buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v

Burnavasu

Burnavasu 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 26r, 33r,

33v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45v, 48v, 48v, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61r,

61v

burqad

burqad

qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun sayiiyamu 60v

burqan

burqan

burqan bodis[n]g 1v

burqan im[n]us kiged ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r

burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( 16r

burqan takibasu 23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v, 31r, 32r,

34r, 34v, 35r, 35r

burqan buu taki 34v

burqan itgen inidkebes 24r

burqan btgebes 26r

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v

nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v

burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v

1567
WORD INDEX

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v

burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 48r

burqan tngri buu taki 48r

burqan-dur

burqan-dur aliba takil iledbes 31r

burqan-i

burqan-i takibasu 21v, 22v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r

burqan-i biil(abasu 26v

burqan-u

ilau tegs ngigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur 2r

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 2r

burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur 2v

burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( 11r

burqan-u oron eribes 22v

aliba burqan-u i(ul(an iledbes 26v

burqan-u ein mese-dr ky 34v

burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v

bursang

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v

bursang quvara( l to(taqu 47v

1568
WORD INDEX

buru(u

ba(urai-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

okin-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v

sara ba(-a bges buru(u to(ola 52v

segl-ee buru(u 52v

egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r

Burvabadaribad/Burvabadaripad

Burvabadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

31r, 33v, 34r, 37v, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 51r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Burvabadaribad sara

namurun terign Burvabadari-bad sara 15r

Burvabadaribad na(idar

Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r

Burvabalguni

Burvabalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

33v, 37r, 37r, 44v, 45v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Bruvabalguni na(idar 27v

Burvasad

Burvasad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33v,

1569
WORD INDEX

34r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 59r, 59v,

60v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Burvasad na(idar 30r

Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r

Bus/Pus

Bus 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 37v,

48v, 51r, 52r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r/Pus 53r

Bus na(idar 2r, 2v, 19r, 26v

Bus sar-a 3r, 19r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .]

Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral

bolumui. [. . .] Modun odun Pus qoyar 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui

[. . .] Altan odun Pus qoyar 45r

Kerteg Barani ua( Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede

dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Pus [. . .] sayin 48v

Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn-

iles-d sayin 60v

busu

1570
WORD INDEX

-ki busu bgetele

kiiyeki busu bgetele 1r

-qu busu bgetel-e

qono( tasuraqu busu bgetel-e 3v

-k busu bges ber

kereglegdek busu bges ber 1v

-qui busu bges

ar(-a uqaqui busu bges 2v

busu

busu sudur 2r

busu bgde odun 46v

busu odun 56r

busu bgde 56v

busu edr 60v

busu buyu 4r

erdeni busu 10v

adali busu bolai 38r

busu-ber 45v

busu inu ma(u 46v, 56v

qola busu (aar 61v

busud

1571
WORD INDEX

busud

busud anu 60r

busud-aa

busud-aa (uyil'(-a abubasu 25r

busud-i

busud-i ar(adabasu 9r, 19r

busud-i qari(ulbasu 23v

busud-i takibasu 30r

busud-i ilaqui 37v

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui 46r

busud-i kesegeki 46r

busud-iyar

noyad isanglaqu busud-iyar i(ulilabasu 35v

busud-tur

busud-dur ma(u 30r, 48v

buu

buu 26r, 27r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r,

34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v,

34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v,

34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v,

35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 38r, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 45r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r,

1572
WORD INDEX

51v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 56r, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v

kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r

buudai

buuday-yin

buuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 10r

buura

buura

aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r

aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu 35r

buyan

buyan

buyan keig

buyan keig ebdere- 21v, 34r

buyan ke[i]g neme- 37v, 37v, 56r

buyan keig ba(ura- 41r,

buyan keig delgerek 46v

buyan keig bolqu 50r

buyan keig bari(san beri 54r

buyan iledbes 21v, 21v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 25v, 26r, 29v, 30v, 31r, 32r,

32r, 34r, 35r

1573
WORD INDEX

buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r

buyan oli( iledbes 31v

buyan qurim iledbes 31v

buyan tegsmi 30v

nom buyan iledk-d sayin 60v

buyan-tu 8r, 13r, 16r, 45r, 45r, 60v, 61v

buyan-u

sayin buyan-u qur-a 1v

buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes 23r

buyu

[see under bu-]

b-

bged 2r, 5v, 31r, 46r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v

teyin bged 2r

bges 2r, 2v, 4r, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 6v, 6v, 7r, 7r, 7r, 23r, 37v, 38r,

41v, 41v, 42v, 46r, 50v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v,

52v, 56v, 60r, 60r

bges ber 1v, 39r, 42r

ese bges 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v, 34v, 35r

teyin bges 32v

bgetel-e 3r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 32v, 38v

1574
WORD INDEX

bgetele 1v, 38v

bgde

bgde 33r, 38v, 46r, 54r, 56v

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede 9r

yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an buyu 38v

bgde-de

bgdede sayin 38r

bgde-d

bgde-d sayin 28r, 54r

bgded ma(u 54r/bgde-d ma(u 60v

bgde-dr

bgdedr sayin 24r

qatun kmn-i asarabasu bgde-dr sayin 23r

bgde-yi

bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v

bgde-yin

bgde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu bol(an ebes 4r

odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein 55r

bri-

bribesu

1575
WORD INDEX

ger tergen asabasu kibes bribesu 36r

ger bribes 36v

debr bribes 42r

brik

ger brik iledbes 47v

brin-e

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r

briy-e

briy-e

briy-e tatabasu 34v

brk-

brk

o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v

bri

bri

bri-d x 40r

btege-

btegen

quddu( nke butegen [=btegen] bulabasu 36r

bt-

btk

1576
WORD INDEX

qariyal keyibes (urban il-d l btk 42r

ile nigen edr-d btk edr bui 42r

kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r

do(in iles ba kt ile iledbes dtr btk 45r

qan kmn iles btk 45v

busu-ber ndr btk iles 45v

ai r-e btk 46r

sedkil btk 46v

ksel btk 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v

ksel-iyen btk 49v, 49v

iles btk 49v, 50r, 50v

aliba iles btk 50r, 50r

ile btk 49v, 58r

kereg btk 49v

ai( tusa btk 49v

(abiy-a-tu iles btk 50r

sedkigsen ile btk 58r

btki

btky-yin

qoyar iroi uirabasu idi btky-yin uaral 45v

idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v

1577
WORD INDEX

ai( tusa btki 45v

btmi

qamu( ksel btmi 38r

qariyal gegy-e btmi 39r

bty

saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin ma(u ai r-e inu

l bty 4r

idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v

sedkigsen bty 45v

btgi

btgi 35v

eng btgi edr 36v

btgi odun 59r

btge-

btgebes

gken tusa btgebes 16r

ber-n tusa btgebes 22v

ed btgebes 23v

burqan btgebes 26r

nasun btgebes 28r, 34v

im[n]us btgebes 28r

1578
WORD INDEX

btgek

btgek-yin

mr btgek-yin urida kimor bolqu 41r

Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui 60v

ndr btgek iles 61r

btgeki

amin nasun btgeki 45v

ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v

abda(ur

abda(ur

abda(ur sauli er<e>gbes qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun

sayiiyamu 60v

ad-/id-

addu(ad/iddu(ad

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad

qoiyalamui 9r

belge inu qonin addu(ad tar(u giiy 13r

modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r

iddumui

qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r

id-tala

1579
WORD INDEX

ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn idtala idemi 19r

a(

a( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 51r, 51r

sni-yin a( 2v

edr ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v

ding taulai a( 7v

uu luu a( 7v

gi mo(ai a( 7v

king morin a( 7v

in qonin a( 7v

im bein a( 7v

ki takiy-a a( 7v

a noqai a( 7v

ii (aqai a( 7v

bing qulu(an-a a( 7v

ding ker a( 7v

uu baras a( 7v

gi taulai a( 7v

king luu a( 7v

in mo(ai a( 7v

im morin a( 7v

1580
WORD INDEX

ki qonin a( 7v

a bein a( 7v

ii takiy-a a( 7v

bing noqai a( 7v

ding (aqai a( 7v

uu qulu(an-a a( 7v

gi ker a( 7v

king baras a( 7v

in taulai a( 7v

im luu a( 7v

ki mo(ai a( 7v

a morin a( 7v

ii qonin a( 7v

bing bein a( 7v

ding takiy-a a( 7v

uu noqai a( 7v

gii (aqai a( 7v

king qulu(an-a a( 7v

in ker a( 7v

im baras a( 7v

ki taulai a( 7v

1581
WORD INDEX

a luu a( 7v

ii mo(ai a( 7v

bing morin a( 7v

ding qonin a( 7v

uu bein a( 7v

gi takiy-a a( 7v

king noqai a( 7v

in (aqai a( 7v

im qulu(an-a a( 7v

ki ker a( 7v

a baras a( 7v

ii taulai a( 7v

bing luu a( 7v

ding mo(ai a( 7v

uu morin a( 7v

gi qonin a( 7v

keng bein a( 7v

in takiy-a a( 7v

im noqai a( 7v

ki (aqai a( 7v

a qulu(an-a a( 7v

1582
WORD INDEX

ii ker a( 7v

bing baras a( 7v

salkin-u a( 8r

abig talbi(san sayin a( 10r

tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( 11r

tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r

un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r

nen nom-un krdn-i ori(ulu(san buyan-du sayin a( 13r

sken qur-a-yin a(

okid jgrkeki a( 15r

ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r

burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( 16r

edr sni qubi sau(uu bo[l]qu oroqui a( 16r

qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r

amitan-i alau keline iledki a( 17r

yeke kiten- a( 17r

ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r

a( me-yi bari(i 32v

dolo(an a(un qorin a( 33r

niiged gara(-lu(-a niiged a( bari(i 33r

qulu(an-a a( 50r, 51r, 51r

1583
WORD INDEX

ker a( 51r, 51r, 51r

baras a( 51r, 51r, 51r

taulai a( 51r, 51r, 51r

luu a( 51r, 51r, 51r

mo(ai a( 51r, 53v

morin a( 51r

qonin a( 51r

bein a( 51r, 51r, 51r

takiy-a a( 51r, 51r, 53v

noqai a( 51r 51r

(aqai a( 53v

ber a( 51r

beri (al-du mrgglk a( 53v

gara( odun il saran edr a( 54v

on sara edr a( me 55r

a(-daki

umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( 3v

a(-i

(urban a(-i uqa(-a inaru 1v

a(-<y>i iledte medeki 5v

a(-<y>i medegdeki 6r

1584
WORD INDEX

qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r

a(-iyan

a(-iyan-iyar

drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl 38v

a(-iyar

qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r

a(-tu/a(tu

kcn tegs-n a(-tu 24r

er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu 52r

(aqai a(-tu 53v, 54r

takiy-a a(-du 53v

noqai a(tu 54r

taulai a(tu 54r

bein a(tu 54r

a(-tur/a(tur

b-n a(tur 4r

tere a(-dur 6r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v

arban qoyar a(tur qubiyau amui 6r

nigen a(tur naiman me 6r

kn tegs-n a(-tur 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r

nara(n) ur(uqui a(-tur 21v, 38r, 42r, 42v

1585
WORD INDEX

nara inggeki a(-tur 38v, 38v, 38v, 42r

nara manduqui a(tur 42v

idei ereki a(tur 42v

ede a(tur sn-i samla 51r

ede a(tur mordo(ul-su(ai 51r

d[e]i-yin a(-dur 56v

a(-ud

a(-ud-tur

ede a(-ud-dur (arbasu mr ma(u 50v

a(-un

(urban a(-un uqa(-a 1v

a(-un krdn 1v, 2r, 3r, 3r, 11r, 45r

a(-un krdin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r

a(-un il(al 5r

qulu(an-a a(-un uridu 6v

a(-un sayin ma(u 8r, 50v

a(-un takil 38v

a(-un qara 41r, 42r

arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r

drben a(-un a(ur 59v

1586
WORD INDEX

a(an

a(an 52v, 52v, 52v

a(an mori 4v

a(an debel 4v, 35r

a(an noqai 4v

a(an segeret qara noqai 22r

a(an ila(u-du bula( 22r

a(an keg[i]ri bariu 23v

a(an asal 39v, 45r

a(an baras 41r, 49r, 49r, 49r

a(an ile

tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui 42v

a(an qada( 50v

a(an tosun 50v

a(an qonin 60v

a(an-iyar

imeg-iyen a(an-iyar imej 23v

a(an-nu(ud

a(an-nu(ud-iyar

a(an-nu(ud-iyar ime 24r

ai

1587
WORD INDEX

ai

ai ina(san 4v

ai qudalduin 30r

akirma(

akirma(-un

akirma(-un iig

(aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r

ang

ang

ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v, 34v, 35r

ara(-a

ara(-a

ara(-a qoiyalan dong(oddumui 14r

asu(n)

asu

asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r

asun

(aar tal-a dken asun bolumui 19r

ayi-

ayiqu

sn kir(abasu ayiqu 57r

1588
WORD INDEX

ayitari

[see under Jayitari]

eeg

[see under iig]

eng/ing

eng/ing

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

eng btgi edr 36v

ing gii edr 48v

erig/ereg/ireg/irig

erig/ereg

erig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 29r

ereg mordobasu 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r,

61v

ireg mordobasu 41r, 45r

ireg mordaqui 46r

ireg mordaqu edr 48v

irig mordabasu 44r

erig buu morda 34v

aman-dur irig buu morda 55r

1589
WORD INDEX

irig ayan mordabasu 42r

niru(un-tur erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

ereg uduridbasu 23r, 24v

irig uduridbasu 40r

ireg degerm-e odbasu 31r

ireg kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 32r

irig degerm-e kiged do(in iles 40r

ereg ba negdel buu od 58v

irig-ee

irig-ee busud-dur ma(u 48v

ereg-n/ireg-n

erig-n noyan

ereg-n noyan 21v

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan 22r, 23v, 24r

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 24v

ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v

ereg-n noyan kk 40r

tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v

ai okin i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge glemi 32v

1590
WORD INDEX

iig/eeg

iig/eeg

akirma(-un iig

(aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r

lungru neret iig

lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r

lge-yin iig

(aar-dur lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r

modun iig taribasu 35v, 36r

tariyan iig taribasu 36v

eeg met 59v

id-

[see under ad-]

ida-

idamu

ya(un idamu kemen asa(u(san 32v

(aar-<y>i tbidken idamu 32v

dayisun-i qari(ulun idamu 32v

qa(urai (aara usun (ar(an idamu 32v

qada ila(un-aa modun (ar(an idamu 32v

geg kmn-i bayan bol(an idamu 32v

1591
WORD INDEX

idamui

bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen idamui 32v

idker

idker

ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v

ba(i kmn-i idker-<y>i bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ula(i Burnavasu

buyu 33v

idker-ngd

idker-ngd-i

idker-nu(ud-i [=idker-ngd-i] nomo(odqabasu 23r

idkd

idkd

tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui 26r

idkd (ai(udaqu edr 48v

idkd-i

idkd-i daru- 26r, 27r, 45r

kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v

idkd-<y>i nomo(odqabasu 34v

engkri idkd-i nomo(odqabasu 35v

idkd-<y>i buu daru(ul 34v

idqu-

1592
WORD INDEX

idqubasu

idqumal idqubasu 16r

idqumal

idqumal

idqumal idqubasu 16r

i(ta(-a

i(ta(-a

tngri-yin i(ta(-a

tngri-yin i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r

rn-e doron-a-yin i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r

i(ta(-a-dur

tngri-yin i(ta(-a-dur dalal(-a buu dalal 33v

rn-e doron-a i(ta(-a-dur ber'i buu ba(ul(-a 33v

i(ul-

i(ul

i(ul(an buu i(ul 35r

i(ulbasu 46v

i(ul(an i(ulbasu 15r, 25v, 27v, 27v, 35r, 36v

arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu 22v

eyetldr-e i(ulbasu 22v

i(ulqu

1593
WORD INDEX

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r

luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r

erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge 20r

ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar 29r

sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r

i(ulqui

i(ulqui-dur

i(ulqui-dur inu 38r

naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui qariqui 2v

naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui 2v

i(ulqui edr 38r

Kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui bgetele 38v

eyetn i(ulqui 61r

i(ulumui 38r, 38r, 39r, 39v

i(ul(an inu yer drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r

Qubi sarayin arban drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

Qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar

kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

1594
WORD INDEX

'urban sarayin qorin qoyar-a sni-yin dli-yin urida drben imnus-ud

ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

Drben sarayin naiman inede r giki-dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl

i(ulumui 38v

Tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur naiman

luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

ir(u(an inede ken i(ulumui 38v

Dolo(an sarayin qorin tabun-a r geyiki-dr ekiner-n ayima(-iyar

kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v

Isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v

Arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un

ayima(-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v

Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer

kriyelegl edr dli-ee sni krtel-e i(ulumui 38v

i(ul(ala-

i(ul(alabasu 30v

tama(-a i(ul(abasu 36r

i(ul(alaqu

1595
WORD INDEX

tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui 26r

i(ul(an

i(ul(an

i(ul(an i(ulbasu 15r, 25v, 27v, 27v, 35r, 36v

arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu 22v

i(ul(an buu i(ul 35r

buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes 23r, 26v

i(ul(an eyetbes 31v

saran-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r

qorin isn-e sni dli tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde

ba yeke i(ul(an buyu 38v

i(ul(an-dur

i(ul(an-dur ola ol(a(ulu(i (odun) 31r, 31v

igerle-

igerle

qabur namurun qu(usun ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i

igerle 59r

igerlegl-

igerlegln

aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedin emleky-[y]i igerlegln nomlauqui 56v

iken

1596
WORD INDEX

iken

iken-dr iken terign l tegsm 52v

iken-dr

iken-dr iken terign l tegsm 52v

ila(u(n)

ila(u-tu

a(an ila(u-tu bula( 22r

ila(un-aa

qada ila(un-aa modun (ar(an idamu 32v

ime-

imebes

qota bal(asun imebes 34v

ime

imeg-iyer ime 21v, 22r, 22r

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r

ara-nu(ud-iyar ime 23r

a(an-nu(ud-iyar ime 24r

sarad [=irad]-nu(ud-iyar ime 24v

qubad kke-ber ime 23v

qubad imeg-iyen a(an-iyar imej 23v

bey-e-[y]i turi modun-iyar ime 30v

1597
WORD INDEX

imeg

imeg

modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide 14r

imeg igki 46r

imeg igki amurling(ui iles 61r

imeg-iyen

qubad imeg-iyen a(an-iyar imej 23v

imeg-iyer

ula(an imeg-iyer ime 21v

qara imeg-iyer ime 22r

qad-un imeg-iyer ime 22r

ina-

ina(san

ai ina(san 4v

inadu

inadu

modun-u inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 22r

inadus

inadus-un

inadus-un dayisun 22r

inar

1598
WORD INDEX

inar

(ana gr-d sedkil-n inar 1v

(al inar 21v

(al-un inar 22v, 45v

usun-u inar 22r, 45v

usun inar 22v

modun inar 23r

temr-n inar 23v

key-yin inar 23v, 45v

iroy-yin inar 24r, 45v, 61r

indamuni

[see under jindamuni]

indarala-

indaralamui

o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r

inegen

inegen

erekei-yin inegen bey-e 39v

qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin unuu 39v

ing

[see also under eng]

1599
WORD INDEX

ing

ing bged gelen obo(-tan 61v

ingbatu

ingbatu

ingbatu obo(-tan 61r

ingge-

inggeki

na(addun inggeki 46r

inggeld-

inggeldki

inggeldki-dr

yeke na(adum inggeldki-dr duratai bolumui 28v

inggeldmi

Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v

inggeldn

na(adun inggeldn ir(abasu 31r

ingle-

inglemi

dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r

inglegr

inglegr-iyer

1600
WORD INDEX

dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r

inglegr-n

naran inglegr-n gertr oro(san 16r

inu

inu

aqui (aar inu qami(-a bui 32v

ai okin i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e 32v

inu-a

inu-a

erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar 28r

gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v

inu-a-yin

inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i 33r, 33v

irai

irai-tu

nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r

kke irai-du kmn 22r, 23v, 24v

ireg

[see under erig]

ista

ista 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37v, 53r,

1601
WORD INDEX

59r, 59v

ista sar-a

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign ista sar-a 12r

ista na(idar 29v

o(tar(ui-dur ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r

tngri-yin i(ta(-a ista buyu 34r

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 37v

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v

Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] ista [. . .] sayin 48v

biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .]

ista [. . .] sayin 56v

Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig

abqui sayin 56v

Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v

drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan

kiged buyu 61r

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v

1602
WORD INDEX

isun

isun

qong keriy-e ugiyaqui isun oromui 9r

isun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r

isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v

o(

o(

o( neret ebesn

o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r

o(o[l](-a

o(o[l](-a

o(o[l](-a kibes 42v

o(tu

o(tu

o(tu edr

o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui 20r

arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r

o(tu yeke a(an

o(tu yeke a(an-dur tariyan buu tari 33v

o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r

oga

1603
WORD INDEX

oga

luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r

ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r

oga kibes 32r

oga-yi

tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v

oga-yin

oga-yin ile 45v

ola

ola

ola gbes 8r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r

qan kmn-ee ola abubasu 47v

b-n

b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek 4r

gebri/gebri

gebri

qakirqui gebri odun 59r

gebri

ula(an gebri qakiraqu 27v

1604
WORD INDEX

gebri-yin

miqai gebri-yin odun 59r

gen

gen

(aar kdelbes tngri im[n]us gen bolumui 32r

qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v

qoyar noqai ilt kbegn gen keregri ma(u 54v

(aar usun m gesmi 9r

(aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r

geyireglgi qara edr kemebes yeke qara edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge]

m tokiyaldumui 41v

odun na(idar sayin bges qa(uin-dur u sayin 37v

ua(

ua(

ua( kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v

u(la(ul-

u(la(ulbasu

1605
WORD INDEX

em u(la(ulbasu 22r

un

[see under n]

ungla(ul-

ungla(ul

em buu ungla(ul 35r

ungla(ulbasu

em ungla(ulbasu 21v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 45v

em asal ungla(ulbasu 35v

uqa(

uqa(

qur-a uqa( (ang bolqu 17r

okin trbes uru( uqa( 25r

mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( 25r

ede es beri bui r-e uqa( 52r

qoyar ker ilt uru( uqa( bayan sayin 54v

qoyar takiy-a ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad keregri ma(u 54v

keriy-e kegbes tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r

uquyi-

uquyiqui

uquyiqui-dur

1606
WORD INDEX

in-e nabi uquyiqui-dur inelemi 3r

uu

uu

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

uu aril(a(i edr 35v

n/un

n un

n un bolbasu 6r

un

li un

qoyitu on li un 7r

daba-

daba(san

tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v

dabqur

dabqur

dabqur ger baribasu 43v

dabqur seig met 59v

1607
WORD INDEX

dada

dada

dada qan kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v

da(a-

da(a(san

eliy-e da(a(san kmn 22v

da(an

tegni da(an iledbes 40r

da(a(ul-

da(a(ulbasu 53v

da(ulai

da(ulai

da(ulai nin odun 59r

da(un

da(un

eng terign gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar il buyu 5r

eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar

nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu. tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin tula 5r

nigen da(un (arumui 5r

tegber iran da(un nigen me 5r

1608
WORD INDEX

meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r

ge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v

ge da(un uaram 52v

da(us-

da(usbasu

nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen il bolumui 5v

da(usqa-

da(usqabasu

dter da(usqabasu 55v

dagini

dagini

Bajar dagini 49v

Radn-a dagini 49v

Badm-a dagini 49v

Garm-a dagini 49v

Buda dagini 49v

dagini-yin

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn 3r

tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-<y>i ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v

dala(n)

dalan

1609
WORD INDEX

qorin nasun-aa nggerebes dalan nasulayu 61v

dalai

dalai

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

dalai-dur

a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou 17r

dalal-

dalal

dalal(-a buu dalal 33v

dalalbasu

dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r

ada(usun(-u) sr dalalbasu 31r, 46v

dalal(-a

dalal(-a

dalal(-a dalalbasu 22r, 24r, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r,

29v, 30r, 30r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34r, 34v, 45r

dalal(-a buu dalal 33v

dalal(-a abubasu 29r

dalu(n)

dalun-dur

1610
WORD INDEX

dalun-dur mai sayin bolumui 52r

dan

dan-dur

dan-dur ucira(san beri kmn- yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r

dandris/dandris

dandris

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v

burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a a(-un krdn 2r

dandris-tur

Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r

dandris-tur nomlar-un 37v

darasun

darasun

nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r

darasun iskebes 23r, 23v

darasun idegen uaram 50r

darasun idegen-dr uiraqu 58r

darusun uu(ubasu 57r

daru-

darubasu

1611
WORD INDEX

dayisun darubasu 21v

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu darubasu 27v

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur bii yabuqu mr-dr

talbiu egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r

idkd-i darubasu 26r, 27r

kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v

gked-n eliy-e(-yi) darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v

eliy-e(-yi) darubasu 29r, 32r, 41r

daru(ad

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged isn adqu

iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge daru(ad suu ali-yu(an takiju

rn-e g uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 22r

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr usun-dur

daru(ad rn-e g ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi bii dolo(an alqu (aar-a isn

doboa( iroi door-a daru(ad 23v

dayisun-i daru(ad 25v

daruqu

dayisun(-i) daruqu iles 23v, 26r, 29r, 31r, 42v

dayisun-i daruqu 45r

idkd-i daruqu 45r

1612
WORD INDEX

nigen em-e isn er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r

daruqui

dayisun-i daruqui iles 46r

daruyu

dayisun-i daruyu 22r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 29r

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r

bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v

daru(i

daru(i

nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i odun 59r

daru(da(i

daru(da(i

ila(un daru(da(i odun 59r

daru(ul-

daru(ul

idkd-<y>i buu daru(ul 34v

daru(ulqu

adis l daru(ulqu 61v

daru(ulqui-yin

daru(ulqui-yin

daru(ulqui-yin iles 35v

1613
WORD INDEX

darui

darui

darui oldayu 28v

qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i beled 32v

darui-dur

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r

darui-dur eribes oldayu 30v

dalal(-a dalalbasu darui-dur qoor qomsa boluyu 34r

qur-a orobasu darui-tur oroqu 61v

dayan

[see under diyan]

dayang

dayang

dayang kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v

dayisun

dayisun

isun ese orobasu dayisun boluyu 17r

dayisun darubasu 21v

dayisun daruqu iles 31r

dayisun eserg ire- 22r, 24r, 24v

kbegn trbes dayisun olan bolu(ad 28v

1614
WORD INDEX

ese sana(san (ajar-aa dayisun bolqu 42v

dayisun ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v

dayisun uaraqu 49v

dayisun bolqu 50v

nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i odun 59r

dayisun-a

dayisun-a ol(a- 34v, 50v, 60v

dayisun-dur

inadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r

dayisun-dur ol(o-/ol(a- 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v, 49v, 50v

dayisun-i

dayisun-i eserg ireki-tr 21v, 23r, 23v

dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 21v

dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r

dayisun-i daru- 22r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25v, 29r,

45r, 46r

dayisun-i daruqu iles 23v, 26r, 29r, 42v

dayisun-i kesegeki mandal egdbes 31v

dayisun-i qari(ulun idamu 32v

dayisun-lu(-a

dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu 29v, 32r

1615
WORD INDEX

dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin 48v

dayisun-u

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v

dayisun-u noyan 23r

dayisun-u ner-e-yi biibes sayin 27r

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu 27v, 32r

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ed mal abubasu 27v

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu 46r

ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v

dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v

dayiwang

dayiwang tayiqu

dayiwang tayiqu 53r

beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang dayiqu itgen eke.

lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r

deb

deb-dr

qoyar deb-dr edr sni sau(uu bolu(san 6r

tere a(-tur qoyar deb-dr edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

1616
WORD INDEX

debel

debel

in-e debel ems- 4v, 21v, 28v, 56r

debil [=debel] emski 46r

a(an debel emsgsen 4v

ereg-n noyan ula(an debel ems 21v

debel ba ger ed'kebes 35r

debel ed'kebes 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r,

28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r,

36r, 36v, 37r, 46v

debel eskebes 23v, 25r, 29r, 30r

debel eskeki 55v

in-e debel abubasu 25r

debel ed'kebes emsbes 31r

in-e debel okiyabasu 32r

debel tlebes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r

debil x 58r

debel qulu(an-a qaabasu 57r

debel tlebes qaibasu 58r, 58r

debel qayabasu 58r

in-e debel buu eske buu ems 34r

1617
WORD INDEX

ula(an debel buu edke buu ems 34r

ula(an altatu debel buu ems buu ed'ke 34v

eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu ems 34v

no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35v

qa(uin debel buu tan-a 34v

qara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35r

qas debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r

ara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r

ala( debel buu edke buu ems 35r

a(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r

beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin 55v

debel emsk sayin edr 56r

debel-t

ula(an debelt kmn 4v

im ula(an debelt 22v

nkgesn debelt kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r

debisker

debisker

ala( debisker

1618
WORD INDEX

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

ala( debeskir bui 43r

drbelin qara debisker

gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v

drbeljin qara debesker ene bui 44r

debr

debr

debr bribes 42r

degde-

degde

salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r

ir(oli terigten amitan degde o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

deged

deged doorad glegi em-e kmn 22r

deged

deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id 1v

deged amu(ulang 38r

deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v

deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal 3r

deged merged-n ta(alal 4r

deged trl 22r, 29r, 30r

1619
WORD INDEX

deged Uma neret (adasun 32v

deged idi olqu 38r

deged qa(an 39v

deged beri 52r

degeds

degeds-n

ma(ad degeds-n erge-dr oroqu 24r

degeds-i

degeds-<y>i kndlebes 30r, 34r

degeds-<y>i takiqui 61r

degegi

degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v

degelbr [n. felt covering of the upper part of a ger];

degelbr talbibasu 46v

deger-e

deger-e 38v, 47v, 58r

dalai deger-e19r

degerem/degerm-e

degerem

degerem qula(ayii 4v

degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r

1620
WORD INDEX

degerme/degerm-e

degerme odbasu 29v

degerm-e odbasu 35r

ireg degerm-e odbasu 31r

irig degerm-e kiged do(in iles 40r

degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui ba buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] iles 46r

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v

degerem-e

degerem-e odbasu 25v

degeremei

degeremei

albin-u degeremei odun 59r

degerkei

degerkei sedkilten 28v

degr-

degrk

sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui medek kereg 4v

degrki

sara degrki bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r

degrmi

bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi 55r

1621
WORD INDEX

degreng

degreng

degreng sang mr (arbasu sayin 49r

deg

deg 51v, 51v

aqa deg 26r

aqa deg qoyar 25v, 26r, 30r

deled-

deledbes

bal(asun deledbes 25v, 34r, 35r

arid deledbes 28v, 30r

ang kenggerge deledbes 28v, 34v, 35r

kriy-e deledbes 31v

qota deledbes 32r

sasa deledbes 42r

delgere-

delgereged

r-e sadun delgereged 52v

delgerek

buyan keig delgerek 46v

r-e mal delgerek sayin 52r

1622
WORD INDEX

kbegn ainar delgerek 57v

delgereki

delgereki uaral 45v

delgereki-yin

delgereki-yin uaral 45v

amurling(ui delgereki-yin erke-yin iles 46r

delgeremi

iig delgeremi 11r, 13r

lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r

delgerey

raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v

delgeregl-

delgereglbes

medegid uqa(id qamu( amitan-a delgereglbes 47v

delgereglk

amin nasun btgeki delgereglk oga-yin ile 45v

delgerenggi

delgerenggi

to(an-u a'i r-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggi 1v

ding

ding 52r

1623
WORD INDEX

ding im

ding im yile 7v

ding im edr 7v

ding taulai

ding taulai sara 7v

ding taulai a( 7v

ding mo(ai

ding mo(ai sara 7v

ding mo(ai a( 7v

ding qonin

ding qonin sara 7v

ding qonin a( 7v

ding takiy-a

ding takiy-a sara 7v

ding takiy-a a( 7v

ding (aqai

ding (aqai sara 7v

ding (aqai a( 7v

ding ker

ding ker sara 7v

ding ker a( 7v

1624
WORD INDEX

bing ding 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

ding to(ta(i edr 36r

diyan/dayan

diyan-u

diyan-u ile iledbes 31r

dayan-u

ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged. ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

doboa(

doboa(

isn doboa( iroi door-a daru(ad 23v

dobtul-

dobtul

morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r

dobtulbasu

morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v, 30v, 31v, 35r

do(alang

do(alang

do(alang eremdeg kmn 23v

1625
WORD INDEX

do(olang yerimdeg [=erimdeg] a(sad (aar 24r

do(id

do(id-un

do(id-un ile(s) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v, 32r, 34v, 35v

do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar 29v

do(id-un tarni uribasu 34v

do(in

do(in

do(in edrn

do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r

baling do(in

baling do(in gik edr

baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul

bui 20v

saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei

ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v

baling do(in qami(-a 40r, 41r

do(in ile(s) 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 41v, 45r, 61v

aliba do(in qata(uu iles 45r

do(in gara( 43r

'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un

1626
WORD INDEX

inar bui. do(in gara( kememi 22v

ginggang kemebes nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v

gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v

do(in qariyal kik 42v

do(in kereg kibes 45r

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v

kbegn trbes qata(uu do(in aburitu 61v

do(in-u

tere mai qata(uu do(in-u tulada. ayila(daqui 43r

doki-

dokin

modun mir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu 24v

dolo(an

dolo(an 56v

dolo(an qubi-tu modun

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr

dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes 6r

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r

1627
WORD INDEX

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r

Dolo(an (sar-a) 14r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 56v, 60r, 60v

Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a 14r

dolo(an (gara() (odun)

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu

uaral-un sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn ene bui 21r

dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek

krdn 50v

dolo(an odun 59v

dolo(an ba ese bges isn qono(-tu oldayu 23r

dolo(an edr-e oldayu 27r, 29v

dolo(an edr-d oldayu 29v

dolo(an edr oldayu 31r

ene dolo(an edr (aar kndebes gemgei 58v

dolo(an alqu (aar-a 23v

dolo(an kmn 29r

adu(usun ibqarabasu doron-a g-n dolo(an kmn qula(uu

amu 27r

dolo(an na(idar

1628
WORD INDEX

doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r

emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r

rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r

umara g-n usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede

dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar 45v

Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede

dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v

Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari

ede dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu]tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u

uaral bolumui 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr 45r

dolo(an dolo(an isn isn-e ma(u 53r

dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r

1629
WORD INDEX

dolo(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 50v, 50v

a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r

inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r

arban dolo(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v

qorin dolo(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r

din dolo(an

din dolo(an on-du saban gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i

tegi egdeki 6v

dolo(an a(un qorin

dolo(an a(un qorin a( bui 33r

dolo(an-a 56r

drben dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a i(ulumui 38r

yer (urban dolo(an-a beri buu ab 51v

arban dolo(an-a 39r, 39r, 44v, 44v, 56r

qorin dolo(an-a 39v, 56r/qorin dolon-a 39r/qorin dolo(-a 53r

qorin dolo(an-a saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi 18r

dolo(an-u

1630
WORD INDEX

din dolo(an-u

saban sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a kemebes nggeregsen din

dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges tere sara edge irek

on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v

dolo(anta/dolo(ata

dolo(anta/dolo(ata

dolo(anta qa[]k[i]ru 21v

egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r

dolon-a

[see under dolo(an-a]

dong(od-

dong(oddumui

Luu sara mn- tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r

a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r

ara(-a qoiyalan dong(oddumui 14r

door-a

door-a

Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r

isn doboa( iroi door-a daru(ad 23v

modun-u door-a ni(uu 23v, 24v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun ali bui 32v

1631
WORD INDEX

door-a to(ori(i arban qoyar sara-dur nigen il 32v

arban tabun odun bgde door-a to(orimui 33r

doorad

doorad

deged doorad gle-

deged doorad glegi em-e kmn 22r

dooridu

dooridu

dooridu ma(u kmn 5r

dorm-a/rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma/dovrm-a

dorm-a

dorm-a a(urbasu 23v, 27v

dorm-a o(orbasu 29v, 31v

dovrm-a

dovrm-a duvngli

dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r

rdovrma

rdovrma duvngli

rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r

rdovarm-a

rdovarm-a a(urbasu 35v

1632
WORD INDEX

rdovarma

rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v

doro(i

doro(i

doro(i qandu(san (adusun 39r

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san

(adusun bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san erdini

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r

doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 45r

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a

qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san qara sara

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara

sara bui 20v

doro(i qandu(san jindamuni 45r

doron-a/drn-e/dorona

doron-a 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

9v, 10r, 10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

1633
WORD INDEX

12v, 13r, 13v, 13v,13v, 13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18r, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v

drn-e 13v, 40r

dorona 60v

doron-a emn-e 8r, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 13v, 15r, 16r, 16v,

17v, 18v, 19r, 30v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r

doron-a umara 10r, 13v, 14r, 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v

drn-e umara 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v

umara doron-a 8v, 8v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 24v, 40r, 40r, 40v, 54r

umara drn-e 40r

doron-a rn-e 18v

rn-e doron-a 33v

doron-a g 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 27r, 27r, 28v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v

doron-a emn-e g 25r

doron-a-aa

doron-a-aa rn-e g gimi 42r

1634
WORD INDEX

doron-a-yin

rn-e doron-a-yin i(ta(-a Kert[e]g buyu 34r

doroyita(ul-

doroyita(ulqui

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui iles 46r

doto(adu

doto(adu

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v

doto(adu ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r

dotor

dotor-a

usun-u dotor-a i(asun gimui 8r

qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu na(idar 28r

ger dotor-a 36r, 57v

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v

do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu 43r

dotor-aa

tere dotoraa 2r

dovrm-a

[see under dorm-a]

din

1635
WORD INDEX

din

din dolo(an

nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges tere

sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v

din dolo(an on-du saban gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i

tegi egdeki 6v

drbelin

drbelin

gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin

bui 20v

belge inu drbeljin qara debesker ene bui 44r

belge inu (urban nidt drbelin 44r

drbelin kri odun 59r

drben

drben 27r, 38r, 39v

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v

nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

qoyitu drben mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v

drben in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14r, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

1636
WORD INDEX

19v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v

inein drben 44v

arban drben 3v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

38r, 39v, 40v, 40v, 41v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56v

qorin drben 6r, 6v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v,

18v, 19r, 19v, 39v, 41v, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 55v

(uin drben 8r, 12r, 14r, 18r

Drben sar-a 11r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

Mong(ol-dur. Drben sar-a 11r

drben kmn 27r, 31r

drben odun 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r

drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v

drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r

drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r

drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v

drben odun-u dri vair met bui 31r

drben ekin sara 38r

drben terign sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r

drben dumdadu sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 49r

drben dumda sara 48v

1637
WORD INDEX

drben es sara 38r, 41v, 48r, 48v, 49r

qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar

kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

drben imnus-ud 38v

drben maqabud

drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar

okiyasu(ai 45r

qulu(an-a ker-lu(-a Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ayul bolqu 46r

drben drben ma(u 48v

drben obkis 54r, 54r

drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v

beri-yin drben ilmus 52r

qa(ailtu drben edr anu 59r

drben a(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu nigen edr bolai 59v

drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji Barani

qoyar buyu 61r

drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar 61r

drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan

kiged buyu 61r

1638
WORD INDEX

Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan

buyu 61r

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v

drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v

drben es odun-dur qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui 61v

drben ba

ed mal ibqarabasu qoyarba drben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un

nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu 24v

drben-e 38r, 55v, 56r

arban drben-e 19r, 43r, 56r

qorin drben-e 8r, 15r, 43r, 56r

drben-ee

arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e 38v

drben-t

nr drben-d kmn 24v

dtger

dtger

dtger arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi glesgei 34r

1639
WORD INDEX

dula(an

dula(an

arban drben-e asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r

dula(an-u

(aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r

(aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r

(aar-dur dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r

dumda

dumda 53r, 56v, 61v

tere gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda 24v

nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r

dumda bki-yi to(orin yabu(i odun 32v

Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a Taulai edr dumda amui 42r

(urban sayin (urban dumda. (urban es 46r

Usun Modun Altan ede edd sayin. Saran odun dumda 'al iroi odun

irig-ee busud-dur ma(u 48v

sing kemek edr mr (arbasu dumda 49v

gem-gei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v

dumda sayin 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 52v, 52v, 54r

meks dumda 52v

ede dumda beri bui. okin trmi 52r

1640
WORD INDEX

dumdadu

dumdadu

qaburun dumdadu sara 4r

a(-un krdn-dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 3r, 10r

tariyain-dur qaburun dumdadu sara 8r

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur qaburun dumdadu sara 9r

Qulu(an-a Morin il-e qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r

un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r

tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r

Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r

namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 56v

tariyain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r

Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani

sara 16r

namurun dumdadu gegreglegi 41r

ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v

tariyain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r

Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r

1641
WORD INDEX

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r

ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r

iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( 24r

drben dumdadu sara 38r, 48r, 48v

drben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r

drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

dumda(ur

dumda(ur-a

yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

dumda(ur-iyar

Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen qorin

naiman odun 32v

dungli/duvngli

dungli

dungli (ar(abasu 22r

rdovarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r

duvngli

dovrm-a duvngli (ar(abasu 41r

rdovrma duvngli kibes 47r

durala-

duralau

1642
WORD INDEX

toyin bolbasu a(abad-iyan alda(ad nkd l okildun qadquldu(ad

abinar ge-dr duralau 27r

duratai

duratai

erdem bilig kiged nom-un il-dr duratai buyu 25v

kbegn trbes taiyang(ui yeke na(adum inggeldki-dr

duratai bolumui 28v

dusul

dusul

bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un

iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5v

nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v

yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r

ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 43r

baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

belge inu nigen ula(an dusul bui 40r

ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v

belge ene qara dusul 41v

qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v

belge inu (urban qara dusul ene bui 46v

1643
WORD INDEX

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

belge inu ala( dusul bui 43v

dusul-iyar

dusul-iyar to(alaqui 5r

duta(uu

duta(uu

gara( ba edr-n ileg duta(uu 2r

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i (odun) 33v, 33v

duvngli

[see under dungli]

dgrgi

dgrgi

mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen

ungimui 35v

man dgrgi edr 36r

Dlb-a

Dlb-a-yin

Dlb-a-yin yosu 3v

dli

dli

1644
WORD INDEX

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an

qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an qubi-du

modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r

edr dli 24v, 39r, 39r, 40r

erig mordobasu edr dli morda 23r

sni dli 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r

edr sni dli 42r, 42v, 42v

Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai ua( Anurad Udarisad Abaji irvan

Tanis Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin: Ardar Mig ma(u.

busu odun dli bui 56r

dli-dr

edr dli-dr qarimui 39r

dli-ee

edr dli-ee sni krtel-e i(ulumui 38v

dli-yin

ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r

(urban sarayin qorin qoyar-a sni-yin dli-yin urida drben imnus-ud

ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

dngi

1645
WORD INDEX

dngi

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r

basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam

urtudumui 6r

dri

dri

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r

tabun odun-u dri inu tergen- krdn met bui 25v

(urban odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui 26r

isn odun-u dri inu. kirge-met bui 26r

(urban odun-u dri inu. tul(-a-yin modun met bui 26v

(urban odun dri inu kir(a(ul met bui 27r

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin terign met bui 27r

ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v

qoyar odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v

qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r

tabun odun-u dri inu (ar met bui 28r

nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui 28v

drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v

drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 29v

1646
WORD INDEX

(urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v

(urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r

drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r

tabun odun-u dri inu a(an met bui 30v

drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v

(urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 31r

drben odun-u dri vair met bui 31r

qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r

qoyar odun-u dri inu tergen met bui 31v

qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v

(uin qoyar odun dri inu ong(ua met bui 31v

(urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui 32r

(urban odun-u dri inu lingquu-a met bui 32r

na(idar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud ene bui 59v

dr-

dr

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u ner-e bii yama(an-u eber-d dr 21v

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr usun-dur

daru(ad rn-e g ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r

dyil(i

dyil(i

1647
WORD INDEX

sn dyil(i tong(ori( 25r

ebde-

ebdebes

qa(uin ger ebdebes 36r

ebdek

toyin bolbasu a(abad-iyan ebdek 29v

ebdegi

ebdegi 35v

ebdegi edr

ebdegi edrn belge inu qada(ur bui 20v

p ebdegi. edr 36r

yirti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v

ebdere-

ebderegsen

ebderegsen ger buu selbi 34v

ebderek 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v

1648
WORD INDEX

buyan keig ebderek 21v

gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda ebderek ba(uram qoyar-du

aliba iles l iledk 24v

ebderem

(aar kdelbes ar(-a beligten [=biligten] ber a(uraban ebderem 31v

ebderemi

(aar kdelbes a(ula ebderemi 29v

ebderey

tr buu bari. baribasu ebderey 34v

ebdereglgi

ebdereglgi

buyan keig ebdereglgi Burvasad buyu 34r

ebedin

ebedin

kmn-dr ebedin bolu(ad 15r

kbegn trbes ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu 32r

luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v

ebedin bari(ulbasu 35v

ebedin baribasu 37r

ebedin krtebes ana(aquy-a berke 40r

ebedin krtebes edegeky-e berke 42v

1649
WORD INDEX

ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r

ebedin emle- 28r, 56v, 61r

ebedin taqul bolqu 57v, 57v

ebedin bolumui 58r

ebedin-d

ebedin-d uaraqu 50r

ebedin-dr

ebedin-dr uaraqu 50r

ebedin-i

otai-yi erin ebedin-i iglbes 36r

ebedin-i asabasu 36v

ebedin-

ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun iledbes 28v

ebedit

ebedit bolumui 28v

eber

eber

bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r

orong(u-yin eber 60r

eber-t

yama(an-u eber-d dr 21v

1650
WORD INDEX

eber-n

bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun 59r

ebes(n)

ebes

tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r

ebesn

o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r

ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r

ebesn iddlan idemi 19r

tariyan-u ebesn tegbes 30v, 42r

ebesn-ee

ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r

ebesn-

Mig sara ebesn- ndsn kkemi 2r

ebgen

ebgen

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr teg ebgen emegen buu od 27r

eremdeg ebgen 31r

ebl

ebl

asu ese orobasu ebl dula(an bolqu 19r

1651
WORD INDEX

ebl-n

ebln nara ba(uqu

ebln nara ba(uqu edr

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin

yosu(ar Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara

ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r

ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r

ebln nara bayiqu 6r

ebln terign sara

tariyain-dur ebln terign sara 16r

Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln terign sar-a 17r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar

sar-a 18r

ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r

ebln dumdadu sara 4r, 5v

tariyain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r

Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln dumdadu sar-a 18r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r

ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r

ebln es sara

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln es Mig sara 8r

1652
WORD INDEX

tariyain-dur ebln es sar-a 18r

Kitad-un to(ain-dur ebln es sar-a 19r

ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r

ebln (urban sara 42r, 55r

ebln (urban sarada ker Mo(ai Noqai a( qara bolumui 42r

qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i

igerle 59r

eige

eige

kbegn trbes eige inu ky 29v

eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v

ni(un trbes do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu eige eke-yu(an [=ygen]

arumui 43r

ede sarada eige eke-de ma(u 51r, 51r

eige eke deg amidu bges mn tegn-d ma(u 51v

ed

ed

ed mal adu(usun

ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v

ed mal gbes 31v, 36v

ed mal ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r,

1653
WORD INDEX

29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v

ed ada(usun ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 29r

ed adu(usun abubasu 24r, 27v

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v

ed adu(usun neme 25v

ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v

ed mal abubasu 27v, 30r, 31r

ed mal gbes abubasu 43v

ed mal olqu 50r

ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v

ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r

ed mal l (ar(amui 60v

ed tavar

ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r

ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r

ed tavar gletel-e a(un amin-dur krmi 47v

ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r

tavar ed yekede olqu 50r

ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r

ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r

1654
WORD INDEX

ed ibqarabasu 23r, 23v

ed btgebes 23v

ed idegen oldayu 45v

ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

ed a(urasun nemek sayin 46v

ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r

ed oldaqu sayin 50r

ed olqu 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r

ed baraqu 50r

ed idegen olqu 56v

ed bara(daqu 59v

ede(n)

ede 5r, 35v, 36r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38v, 39r,

39r, 39v, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52v, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 54v, 55r, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v,

56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 60r, 60r, 60r

ede-dr

Naran 'al iroi ede-dr adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi yeke boluyu 38r

1655
WORD INDEX

ede-yi

ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r

eden 48r, 55v, 56r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v,

61v, 61v, 61v

yer ede to(-a to(alaqui 4r

eden-e 38r

Naran 'al iroi eden-e ma(u bui 37v

eden-i

eden-i sudulju 4r

edegeky-e

edegeky-e

ebedin krtebes edegeky-e berke 42v

edeger

edeger

edeger negegemel kemek edr 60v

edke-/edke-

edke

buu edke 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v

ula(an debel buu edke buu ems.34r

edkebes

ger ed'kebes 22v, 28v

1656
WORD INDEX

debel ed'kebes 22v, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v,

29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36r, 36r,

36r, 37r, 46v

debel ba ger ed'kebes 35r

edd

edd 38r, 38v, 39r, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 50v, 50v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 61v

edd-t 46v, 60r

edd-tr

edd-dr 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 42r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 46v, 47v, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r

edge

edge 7r, 50v

tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v

edged

edged-n

edged-n nigen on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au 6v

edgi

edgy-e

nara ur(u(-a edgi-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a 6v

edi

edi 1v

1657
WORD INDEX

edr

edr 4v, 31r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 50v, 53v, 54v, 55r, 58v, 59v, 61r, 61v, 61v

Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr 2v

edr sni 2v

edr sni sau(uu bol- 5v, 6r

edr sni qubi sau(u bol- 10r, 16r

edr sni-yin a(ur 5v

edr sni qoyar-yi ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v

ba(uraqu-bar edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

edr sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r

naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu 6r

ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r

edr l tasuraqu 3v

edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

edr sni sar-a il bol(au to(alaqui 5r

edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v

edr ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r

edr niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r

1658
WORD INDEX

nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 6r

ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r

ir(u(an edr (inu) lemi 6v, 6v, 6v

(uin ir(u(an edr bolumui 6v

a gi edr 7v

ii keng edr 7v

bing in edr 7v

ding im edr 7v

uu ki edr 7v

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r

edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r

edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r

edr (uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r

edr qorin drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r

luu edr 8r, 13r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 48v, 50r, 57v, 58v

mo(ai edr 8r, 8r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 48r, 48v,

48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 57v

qulu(an-a edr 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 34r, 42r, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v,

53v, 57r, 58v

ker edr 9r, 10r, 10r, 16r, 19r, 34r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 46v,

1659
WORD INDEX

48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r, 55v, 57r, 58v

ker kemebes yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr buyu 34v

Baras edr 2r, 9r, 13r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 34v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 48v, 48v, 48v,

50r, 57r

taulai edr 9r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v,

56r, 57r, 58v

takiy-a edr 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 46v, 48r, 48v,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 56r, 56r, 58r, 58v, 60v

noqai edr 10r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r,

55v, 58r, 58r, 58v

(aqai edr 10r , 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 35v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 50r, 53r, 55v, 58r,

60r

morin edr 10r, 14r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r,

53v, 55v, 57v, 58v, 60r

qonin edr 11r, 16r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 46v, 46v, 48v, 50r,

51r, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v

bein edr 11r, 11r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 50r, 51r, 53r,

58r

nigen edr 22r

edr dli 24v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r

ereg mordobasu edr dli morda 23r

1660
WORD INDEX

kk edr 27v

nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr bui 33r

gegrek ma(u edr bui 34v

li qutu(tu edr 34v

an eilegi edr 35v

uu aril(a(i edr 35v

man dgrgi edr 36r

ping tbidkegi edr 36r

ding to(ta(i edr 36r

saki(i edr 36r

p ebdegi edr 36r

i t[g]igi edr 36v

eng btgi edr 36v

ib quriya(i edr 36v

ke negegi edr 36v

bi qa(a(i edr 37r

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr 37r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr 37r

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas

1661
WORD INDEX

keyiki sayin edr 37v

saran-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r

i(ulqui edr 38r

sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r

luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v

saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin

arudasun baling do(in 39v

il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r

ken edr 41v

yeke qara edr 41v

geyireglgi qara edr 41v

btk edr 42r

ba(uqu edr 43r, 43r

tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr 43r

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v

(uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr 45r

Maqagala ba(uqu edr 46v

Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r

1662
WORD INDEX

arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r

aliba sarayin l sedk edr 47v

ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r

tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r

idkd (ai(udaqu edr 48v

ing gii edr 48v

bi p edr 48v

ireg mordaqu edr 48v

tngri-yin mr kemek edr 49r

dayang kemek edr 49v

ua( kemek edr 49v

vimading kemek edr 49v

sng kemek edr 49v

sing kemek edr 49v

dada qan kemek edr 49v

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r

beri ba(ul(aqu ba okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r

iyerk qara edr 53r

ginggang ingpng giki edr 53r

kbegn-e mi l gki. okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr 53v

1663
WORD INDEX

in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v

arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk mai ma(u edr bui 53v

okin-u mr (arqu edr 54r

tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v

debel emsk sayin edr 56r

em neyileglki sayin edr 56r

abaig abqu sayin edr 56v

obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr 56v

qa(ailtu drben edr 59r

qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai 59r

ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu edr 59v

suuli sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr 60v

edr-e 26v, 27r, 29v, 58v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v

do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (aar-aa (urban edr-e (armui 24r

edr-ee

(urban edr-ee anggida Altan odun 38r

edr-i

Baras edr-<y>i klgelen kdelge 2r

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an edr-i nigen on bol(aju 6v

(uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu 6v

1664
WORD INDEX

ligsen ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes 6v

din dolo(an on-du saban-gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i

tegi egdeki 6v

arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek anu 47r

aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v

tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-<y>i ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v

edr-iyer

odun-u sayin-i edr-iyer il(ayu 46r

edr-lge

yeke qara edr-lu(-a m tokiyaldumui 41v

edr-lu(-a odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r

edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu 44v

edr-t 27r, 29v, 33r, 41v, 42r

qoyitu drben mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu 6v

edr-tr

edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v, 6v, 6v

tabun edr-dr oldayu 22r

ene kedn edr-dr 47v

edr-n

1665
WORD INDEX

edr-n ileg duta(uu 2r

edr-n (ada(adu na(idar 3v

edr-n odun-i/odu-yi mede- 5r, 5r

lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni bui 20r

raiyan edr-n belge erdini bui 20r

o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui 20r

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san

(adusun bui 20r

qariqu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r

luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r

qariquu edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

im[n]us-i il(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r

Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r

erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r

1666
WORD INDEX

qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r

ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r

kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r

kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r

do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r

ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v

Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v

ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v

gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui 20v

yeke qara edrn belge inu (urbalin qara bui 20v

tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v

qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui 20v

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui [edrn] belge ala( dusul bui 20v

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu [edrn] belge ala( debisker bui 20v

gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara sara 20v

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v

ebdegi edrn belge inu qada(ur bui 20v

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin

1667
WORD INDEX

bui 20v

tleki edrn belge anu solbi(san qara iruqai ene ilegdebei 20v

edr-n odun-u sayin uiral 38r

qariqui edr-n belge inu arimda( vair bui 38r

mr (arqu edrn sayin 48v

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin 48v

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n

sayin ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v

arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin 55v

biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin 56v

abaig abqu edrn sayin 56v

egei

egei

egei kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v

egd-

egdbes

mandal egdbes 31v

(urbalin mandal egdbes 31v

oda( egdbes 43v

burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v

1668
WORD INDEX

egdk 47v

egdgsen

egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu 28v

egde(n)/ egde(n)

egde(n)/ egde 60r

ger-n egde 23v

tngri-yin egde/egde 33r, 33r, 49v

(adquldu(i tngri-yin egden odun 59r

(aar-un egde 33r, 33r

sayin egde 33r

ma(u egde 33r

sang-un egde buu nege 33v

egden-dr 22v

tngri-yin egden-dr 49r

egde-ee

egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r

eglen

eglen

o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v

egn

egn-dr 26r, 26v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30v, 32r, 38r

1669
WORD INDEX

egndr 25v, 27v, 29v, 30v, 41v, 47v

egn-ee

egn-ee qoyin-a 6r, 6v

egn-ee eregdeki 7r

egn-ee ayila- 48r, 58v

egn-i

egni 4r, 6r, 6v, 13r, 16r, 18r, 40r, 42v, 42v, 47v, 51r, 52v

egni kiiyegdeki 1v

egn-i tus e 50r

egn-lge

dayisun-i daruqu iles-i egn-lge [n]kibes 42v

egr-

egrgsen

usu egrgsen kmn-lge ol(aqu 5r

u(uuta egrgsen beri 54r

egr

egr-i

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] timeriddgi odun 33r

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] (al-dur timeriddgi 33v

egr-iyen

qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r

1670
WORD INDEX

egride

egride 46r

egride-yin

egride-yin uiral 46r

egske-

egske

ssg sedkil egske 4v

eed/eid

eed/eid

(aar usun-u eid 2v

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

eid-i

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r

(aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r

eele-

eelek

eelek-yin

na(idar-<y>i eilek-yin ner-e ene bui 59r

1671
WORD INDEX

eelegi

eilegi

eilegi 35v

an eilegi edr 35v

een/ein

een/ein

kln een 8r/kln ein 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

burqan-u ein mese-dr ky 34v

debel ba ger ed'kebes ein inu kk 35r

arban qoyar ein 35v

tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek

qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein qa(an kemegdey 39v

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r

in-e ger-dr orobasu gern ein qa(acaqu 47v

tngri (aar-un on sara edr a( me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu

tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r

(ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r

ein-d

in-e asaraqu ba da(a(ulbasu ein-d ma(u 53v

ein-i

1672
WORD INDEX

(aar-un ein-i takibasu 34v

ein-

(aar-un ein- gara( 24r

eid [see under eed]

eile- [see under eele-]

eilegi [see under eelegi]

ein [see under een]

eke

eke

itgen(-) eke 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

itgen eke Takiy-a (aar-a 8r

itgen- eke ker (aar-a 9r

beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang dayiqu itgen eke.

lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyenek kereg-d bolai 52r

dayiwang tayiqu qangpan-qongpan itgen- eke abu kiged-n

g buu yabu 53r

eige eke deg amidu bges mn tegn-d ma(u 51v

eke-ber

drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

eke-de

ede sarada eige eke-de ma(u bui 51r

1673
WORD INDEX

ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v

eke-t

basa nigen eket 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 4

2v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r,

46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 55r, 56r, 60v

nigen eket 52r

eke-ygen

eige eke-yu(an [=ygen] arumui 43r

ekener

ekener-n

ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl 38v

eki

eki

er-e-yin il-n eki a( 52r

ekit

basa nigen ekit 41r, 41v

ekile-

ekilebes

aliba ile ekilebes 31r

ekilegsen

1674
WORD INDEX

ekilegsen-

iroi odun-iyar ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

saban ekilegsen il 7r

iroi odun ekilegsen sara 43r

Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

Modun odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

ekile

nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r

ekilek

na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui medek kereg 4v

ekileki

iroi odun-iyar ekileki terigten Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar

okiyabai 2v

ekilemi

salkin-u a( ekilemi 8r

ekilen

inelegsen-ee ekilen to(olau 2v

ebln dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau 5v

Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen 32v

ekin

1675
WORD INDEX

ekin

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v

qaburun ekin 7r

ekin eribes 30r

(aar usun-aa ekin eribes 34v

drben ekin sara 38r

ekiner

[see under ekener]

elbeg

elbeg

ed adu(usun elbeg bolqu 26v

tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r

(aar kdelbes usun elbeg bolu amitan usun-dur kmi 31v

boro(an orobasu qoyin-a qur-a elbeg 61r

eli

eli

eli arubasu 31v

eliy-e

eliy-e

eliy-e iba(un

i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r

1676
WORD INDEX

eliy-e da(a(san kmn 22v

eliy-e ldebes 27r

gked-n eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v

eliy-e darubasu 32r

abu(i eliy-e odun 59r

eliy-e-yi

eliy-e-yi darubasu 29r, 41r

gked-n eliy-e-[y]i darubasu 31v

em

em

em neyileglbes 11r

em neyileglki sayin edr 56r

em ungla(ulbasu 21v, 22r, 27v, 28v, 28v, 30r, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35r,

45v, 46v

em buu ungla(ul 35r

em asal ungla(ulbasu 35v

em u(la(ulbasu 22r

biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r

em u(uubasu 26v/em uu(ubasu 36r

obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr em l u(uuqu 56v

em emlebes 28r, 61r

1677
WORD INDEX

em okiyabasu 34v

em nidbes 35v, 36r, 37r

em gk-dr sayin 56r

Qonin edr em l idek 57v

emi

emi

emi otai kmn 4v

em-e

em-e

em-e kmn 15r, 22r, 23r

em-e kmn-dr ol(aqu 5r

belbesn em-e kmn 25r, 29v

belbesn em-e abubasu 25r, 32r

em-e abubasu 28v, 36v, 37r, 53r, 53r

in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r

ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged. ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

nigen eket ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em[-e] g-ee

ba(u(daqui 52r

em-e sara

em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u 52v

1678
WORD INDEX

em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun egdeki 53r

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek 54v

qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu [. . .] 54v

taulai qonin (aqai ilten okiqu sayin ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v

nigen em-e isn er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r

em-e-dr

ed mal ibqarabasu doron-a g-n kmn qula(uyu belbesn em-e-dr

qudalduu amu 25v

em-e-ee

sara ba(-a bges em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v

em-e-lge

em-e-lge-ben

kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l okildun bo(ou kmi 30r

em-e-yi

nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r

emegel

emegel

morin dobtulbasu morin inu ky. ese bges emegel qa(arayu 35r

emegen

emegen

1679
WORD INDEX

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr teg ebgen emegen buu od 27r

eremdeg ebgen emegen ba. bandi bombo kmn-e temdegt mal

(ada(i (ar(abasu 31r

emegen-

emegen- snesn na(idar 31v

emle-

emlebes

em emlebes 28r, 61r

emleki

emleky-yi

aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedin emleky-[y]i igerlegln

nomlauqui 56v

emn-e

emn-e/emn-e 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

10r, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r, 13r, 13v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 22r, 26v, 29r, 31r, 31r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 42r, 42r, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r,

1680
WORD INDEX

55r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 60v

doron-a emn-e 8r, 10v, 10v, 11v, 12r, 12v, 13v, 15r, 16r, 17v, 18v, 19r,

25r, 30v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 55r

rn-e emn-e 10r, 11v, 11v, 12r, 15r, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 18r, 19r,

19v, 19v, 26r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v

emn-e rn-e 11v, 11v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v

nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v

emn-e g uduridbasu 23v

emnei

emnei

nara emnei odqui (ba) 3r, 3v, 5v, 6r

kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r

ems-

ems

in-e debel buu eske buu ems 34r

ula(an debel buu edeke buu ems 34r

ula(an altatu debel buu ems buu ed'ke 34v

in-e mala(-a buu ems 34v

eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu ems 34v

no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35v

1681
WORD INDEX

qara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35r, 35r

ara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r

ala( debel buu edke buu ems 35r

a(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r

emsbes

ini debel emsbes 21v, 28v, 34r, 56r

debel ed'kebes emsbes 31r

ems

in-e debel ems 4v

ereg-n noyan ula(an debel ems 21v

emsk

debel ed'kebes kk edr emsk ma(u bui 27v

debel emsk sayin edr 56r

in-e mala(-a l emsk 57r

emski

quya( emski

quya( ems'ki na(idar kemey 33r

debil emski 46r

emsgsen

a(an debel emsgsen 4v

emste-

1682
WORD INDEX

emsteki

debel emsteki

beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r

ende

ende 2r, 2v

endegre-

endegre

aliba odun na(idar-<y>i endegre ese medebes 4v

endegrel

endegrel

endegrelgegy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeki kereg 4v

ene

ene 3r, 3r, 3v, 7r, 7r, 7r, 7v, 8r, 10r, 10v, 11r, 15r, 20v, 21r, 38v, 39v, 41v, 42v,

44r, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50r, 50v, 51v, 52r, 52r, 58v, 59r, 59v, 60r

ene oron 3r

enen-e

Mig Burvabalguni Udaribalguni Burvasad Udarisad Sadabis

Udaribadaribad enen-e sayin 37r

Enedkeg

Enedkeg-ee

1683
WORD INDEX

Enedk[e]g-ee ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r

Enedkeg-n

Enedk[e]g-n yosu(ar 2v, 2v

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r

Enedk[e]g-n keleber 32r

enele-

eneleki

eneleki obalang-iyar qoqui kemen obau yabumui 47v

eng

eng

eng terign gan 5r, 5r

enggelegr

enggelegr

enggelegr sayin 52v

engkri

engkri

engkri kbegn 28r, 35r, 44r

engkri idkd 35v

engkri-yi

engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r

1684
WORD INDEX

erdem

erdem

erdem sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r

biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v

erdem bilig

erdem bilig kiged nom-un il-dr duratai buyu 25v

erdem-i

odun erdem-<y>i to(olabasu 60v

erdeni/erdini

erdeni/erdini

ene erdeni busu 10v

raiyan edr-n belge erdini bui 20r

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r

keig erdeni qa(an

Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23v

timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v

erdeni morin

drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v

degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v

gede qandu(san jindamuni erdeni ene bui 44v

erdeni terigten-i uralabasu 61v

1685
WORD INDEX

erdeni-dr

aliba do(in ile iledbes matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr

adali ma(u 39r

tngri-yin erdeni

tngri-yin erdeni-dr mr (arbasu sayin 49r

er-e/ere

ere/er-e

ere sara

ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r

er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee

buru(u 52v

er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn qula(uu amu 23v

in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r

em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun egdeki 53r

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu 54v

ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn

trk bui 54v

qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu 54v

er-e-d

ede sarada er-e-d ma(u bui 51r

er-e-ee

1686
WORD INDEX

sara yeke bges er-e-ee b to(ola 51v

er-e-yi

nigen em-e isn er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r

er-e-yin

nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r

ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em[-e] g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r

er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu ba(uqu bui 52r

ere-

[see under eri-]

eregde-

eregdeki

saras-un yeke ken-i irek bges mn egn-ee eregdeki 7r

eregn

eregn-dr

eregn-dr dumda sayin 52v

erekei

erekey-yin

erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin unuu 39v

eremdeg

[see also under yerimdeg]

eremdeg

1687
WORD INDEX

do(alang eremdeg kmn 23v

eremdeg ebgen 31r

eremdeg-tr

eremdeg-dr ada(usun gbes 31r

ergi-

ergiki

(altu tor(on ergiki modun odun 59r

ergimi

bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r

ergin

ergin qoora(san qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v

erg-

ergbes

abda(ur sauli er<e>gbes qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun

sayiiyamu 60v

ergki

ergki iles 46r

erggde-

erggdek

kmn-e erggdek sein bolu(ad 29r

eri-/ere-

1688
WORD INDEX

eri 24v

oyir-a g eri oldayu 24r

eribes/erebes

erebes ber

baras met kmn erebes ber oluyu 37v

burqan-u oron eribes 22v

ibqara(san-i eribes 23v

ekil [=ekin] eribes 30r

(aar usun-aa ekin eribes 34v

darui-dur eribes oldayu 30v

ola eribes 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 35r

quda anda eribes 31r

qoniin-i eribes 35r

ner-e eribes 35r

bariqu (aar eribes 42r

ai( tusa eribes 43v, 43v, 61r, 61v

a(ula-aa modun eribes 47v

usun-aa i(asun eribes 47v

erik

gara( idei erik edr 20v

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edr 20v

1689
WORD INDEX

ginggang idei erik edr 20v

(aar-un noqai idei erik edr 20v

eriki/ereki

ereki-yin

saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin

arudasun baling do(in 39v

qara imu kemem. tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui 42v

gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r

erin/eren

Qubi sarayin naiman inide dei idei eren gimi 40r

Kgeler sarayin qorin isn-e rlge idei eren gimi 40r

negen met ma(u erin abaiqu 27v

otai-yi erin ebedin-i iglbes 36r

erigl-

eriglbes

qula(ayii kmn-i eriglbes 36r

eriyen

eriyen

eriyen debel buu ed'ke. buu ems 34v

erke

1690
WORD INDEX

erke

kbegn trbes erke 28r

erke-dr

erke-dr-iyen

kmn-i erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r

erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r

erke-t

yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r

erket (aar buu knde 34v

erke-yi

ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v

erke-yin

erke-yin iles 46r

erkei

erkei

erkei iribasu 36v

erketen

erketen

erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

erketen-dr

okin trbes erketen-dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v

1691
WORD INDEX

erketen-i

erketen-i takibasu 27v

erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r

erketen-

Burvasad na(idar kemebes erketen- na(idar bui 30r

erlig

erlig

modun erlig 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Baras modun erlig 8r

erlig-d

erlig-d-iyer

Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer

kriyelegl 38v

erlig-d-n

kbes erlig-d-n udusq-a bui 28v

erlig-n

erlig-n inu-a

erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar 28r

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v

erte

erte

1692
WORD INDEX

mana(ar erte bosu(ad 4v

ereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda 23v

er-

erbes

ermel erbes 12r, 42r, 42v

a(urqai erbes 42v

erger

[see under irger]

ermel [ermel erbes digs an excavation]

ermel

ermel erbes 12r, 42r, 42v

ese

ese 6v, 6v, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 61v

teyin ese ebes 4r

aliba odun na(idar-<y>i endegre ese medebes 4v

ese bges 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 23r, 24v, 34v, 35r

ese sana(san (ajar 42v

eserg

eserg/eserg 40r/eserg 42v

dayisun eserg ire- 21v, 22r, 24v

esereg tesereg

1693
WORD INDEX

ereg mordobasu esereg tesereg gleldy 34r

eske-

eske

in-e debel buu eske buu ems 34r

eskebes

debel eskebes 23v, 25r, 29r, 30r

eskeki

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin 55v

debel eskeki 55v

es(

es(

suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( [=esg] ula(-un negegemel edr 60v

eyet-

eyetbes

i(ul(an eyetbes 31v

eyetn

eyetn i(ulqui 61r

eyetld-

eyetldbes 29v

eyetldk 45v

eyetldr-e

1694
WORD INDEX

eyetldr-e

eyetldr-e i(ulbasu 22v

eyin

eyin

qorin naiman na(idar-un yabudal eyin bui 24v

ede gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i eyin

uqa(daqui 45v

(abiy-a

(abiy-a

(abiy-a gei

qoyar aya(an-u ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui 27r

(abiy-a tusa

kimusu ta(aribasu (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57r

nayitabasu (abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57v

(abiy-a-tu

(abiy-a-du iles btk 50r

(abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r

(ada(adu

(ada(adu

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v

edr-n (ada(adu na(idar 3v

1695
WORD INDEX

mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v

sni-dr (ada(adu 6v, 6v

edr-dr (ada(adu 6v, 6v, 6v

(ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r

(ada(i

(ada(i

aliba ta(alaqui g (ada(i odbasu 4v

ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 29r, 31r

isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r

engkri kbegn-i (ada(i (ar(abasu 44r

(ada(i mr (arbasu 46v

(adan-a

(adan-a-aa

(adan-a-aa bara(an oro(ulbasu 36v

(adquldu-

[see also under qadquldu-]

(adquldu

dayisun-lu(-a buu (adquldu 34r

(adquldubasu 21v, 22r, 24v, 32r, 35r

1696
WORD INDEX

dayisun-lu(-a (adquldubasu 29v, 32r

(adquldumui 43r, 43r

qubi sarayin inein (urban tabun qorin-a (adquldumui 43r

(adqulduqu

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

(adqulduqui

tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr kemebes 43r

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr 48v

(adquldu(i

(adquldu(i

(adquldu(i tngri-yin egden odun 59r

(adquldu(an

(adquldu(an-i

(adquldu(an-i amurli(ulbasu 22v

(adusun

(adusun

doro(i qandu(san (adusun 20r, 39r

gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r, 39r

(adasun qari(ulbasu 23v

qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v

deged Uma neret (adasun 32v

1697
WORD INDEX

(adasun qadququi 38v

(a(a

(a(a

er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn qula(uu amu 23v

(a(a(ar

(a(a(ar

(a(a(ar toyin i(au ggmi 30r

(ai

(ai

(ai qari

(ai qari yeke bolqu 47v

(aar

(aar

(aar usun

(aar usun-u eid 2v

(aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v

(aar usun m gesmi 9r

(aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r

(aar usun-aa ekin eribes 34v

aman-a (aar usun-i taki 55v

Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai edr (aar-un snes (aar usun-a

1698
WORD INDEX

ba(uqu 58v

tariyan-u krngge (aar oroba 10r

Luu (aar 18r

(aar tal-a dken asun bolumui 19r

in-e (aar bariqu 24r

(aar kdelbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v,

28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r,

32r, 37r

(aar baribasu 30v

(aar knde- 34v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

42v, 44r, 58v, 58v, 58v

bariqu (aar eribes 42r

tariyalang-un (aar qudalduqui 45v

belbesn em-e kmn bk (aar bariqu na(idar kemey 29v

aqui (aar inu qami(-a bui 32v

tariyan-u (aar olqu 46v

qola (aar oriqu 58r

in-e (aar il(abasu 61r

(aar-a 6v, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 19r

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju 6r

arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a 6v

1699
WORD INDEX

takiy-a (aar-a 8r

dolo(an alqu (aar-a 23v

rn-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu 24r

tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar 28v

qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r

qola (aar-a odqui 47v

qola (aar-a mr (arbasu 47v

ni qola (aar-a 57r

qola busu (aar-a odqu 61v

(aar-aa

do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (aar-aa (urban edr-e (arumui 24r

qa(urai (aara usun (ar(an idamu 32v

ese sana(san (aar-aa dayisun bolqu 42v

qola (aara oid irek 57r

(aar-i

sme keyid bariqu (aar-<y>i beleglebes 23r

qada (aar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v

nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r

kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 31r

ireg kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 32r

(aar-<y>i tbidken idamu 32v

1700
WORD INDEX

tngri (aar-<y>i taki 32v

tngri (aar-<y>i takibasu 35r

(aar-ta(an

kbegn trbes eige inu ky. sgsen qoyin-a (aar-ta(an l aqu

bui 30r

(aar-tur

(aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r

(aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r

(aar-dur dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r

(aar-tur akirma(-un iig delgeremi 11r

(aar-tur qamu( nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r

(aar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r

(aar-dur serign segder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r

(aar-dur lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r

(aar-dur o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r

(aar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r

(aar-tur egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r

qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v

(aar-un

(aar-un ene oron 3r

tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a( 6r

1701
WORD INDEX

(aar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

(aar-un een/eid

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

(aar-un ein-i takibasu 34v

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

(aarun ein qa(an 39v

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin

bui 20v

(aar-un egde

(aar-un egde ali bui 33r

(aar-un egde mn Barani 33r

tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek

qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v 44r

tngri (aar-un on sara edr a( me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein 55r

(aar-un ba(atud 58v, 58v, 58v

1702
WORD INDEX

(aar-un snes 58v

Luu Noqai ker Qoni Taulai edr (aar-un snes (aar usun-a

ba(uqu 58v

(al

(al 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 21v, 45v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

'al (odun) 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 20r, 20r, 20r, 37v, 38r, 43r,

44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v,

52r, 53r, 56r

'al odun bges egerde qalan morin una(san ba. bombo kmn

ba ula(an debelt kmn ba ese bges degerem qula(ayii ba

keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v

'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un

inar bui 22v

tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Morin edr tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r

(aar-un (al 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

1703
WORD INDEX

(al mandal tle- 10r, 38v, 61v

(al inar

Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem (al inar bui 21v

'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bky-yin tula (al-un inar

bui 22v

Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede

dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai

eden (al bui 61r

(al takil takibasu 21v, 31v, 35r

(al takibasu 35v, 36v, 37r

qoyar (al uarabasu delgereki-yin uaral[.] delgereki uaral-iyar ed

idegen oldayu 45v

(al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral bged. kn tegs uiral-iyar

li-dr bolumui 46r

(al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral. tleki-yin uiral-iyar

obalang-i trgly 46r

usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui kln uaral-iyar amin

nasun-i boliyu 46r

(al tlegi 52v

(al-du

1704
WORD INDEX

beri (al-du mrgglk a( 53v

ker qonin ilt okin-i Takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl 53v

(al-dur

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged 22r

debel eskebes (al-dur tley 25r

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] (al-dur timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v

qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i 'aqai a(-tu (al-dur mrgglbes sayin 53v

baras bein ilt okin-i 'aqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r

taulai takiy-a ilt okin-i Noqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r

luu noqai ilt okin-i Taulai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r

mo(ai (aqai ilt okin-i Bein a(tu (al-dur mrgglbes sayin 54r

(al-tu

(al-tu qoroqai

ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r

(altu tor(on ergiki modun odun 59r

(al-un

(al-un takil

(al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v

(al-un takil iledbes 34v

emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r

(al-un galab

1705
WORD INDEX

(al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali 33r

(al-un galab bol(a(i Barani bui 33r

(al-un oi-du tlek 55v, 56r

(ala(un

(ala(un

anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r

(alqala-

[see also under qalqala-]

(alqalaqu

egni (alqalaqu ar(-a kemebes yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli

e tegni isn iruqai ene met iruyu tere g qandu(ulbasu q

amu( ma(u iles ayilaqu buyu 42v

(ana

(ana

(ana gr-d sedkil-n inar 1v

(ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r

(ang

(ang

(ang bolqu 12r, 17r, 25r

(a'ng bolqu 61r

(angla(ur [=(angna(ur]

1706
WORD INDEX

(angla(ur

iker qangla(ur terigten. tu(-un iin-du uyau 50v

(angna(ur

[see (angla(ur]

(angqui

(angqui

do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar kemey 29v

(aqai

(aqai

'aqai sara 41r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 53v, 53v, 53v

'aqai sara-dur (uingei 3v

ii (aqai sara 7v

ding (aqai sara 7v

gi (aqai sara 7v

in (aqai sara 7v

ki (aqai sara 7v

Tbed-dr 'aqai sar-a 17r

'aqai a( 50r, 53v, 53v, 54r

ii (aqai a( 7v

ding (aqai a( 7v

1707
WORD INDEX

gii (aqai a( 7v

in (aqai a( 7v

ki (aqai a( 7v

'aqai (edr) 10r, 11r, 14r, 14r, 14r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 35v, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v,

46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 58v, 59v, 59v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

'aqai il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

(aqai ilten 22r, 54r, 54v, 54v

(aqai ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v

'aqai (aar-a 14r

(aqai bolqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

(aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r

ira (aqai uu gii [. . .] qara bui 41r

(aqai qoi(utu 55r

'aqai edr okin l gk. (aqai l alaqu miq-a l idek 58r

(aqay-yin 59r

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu (aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr 23r

bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r

1708
WORD INDEX

(ar

(ar

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v

(ar qo(osun 49v

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge 20v

(uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v

(ar met 59v

tabun odun-u dri inu (ar met bui 28r

(ar-ta(an

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r

kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-ta(an odo( bari(san bui 54r

sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel bari(san bui 54v

(ar-tur

tegn (artur nigen irbegel bari(ulu 54v

(ar-

(arbasu

mr (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25r, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r,

28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r,

35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r

1709
WORD INDEX

(ada(i mr (arbasu 46v

qola (aar-a mr (arbasu 47v

doron-a emn-e (arbasu 30v

a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v

ong(oa deger-e (arbasu 47v

qola (arbasu 47v

ger-ee nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v

(arqu

i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar 26v

qoyin-a (arqu qoyar odun-u dri 31v

mr (arqu edr 49v, 49v

mr (arqu edrn sayin 48v

mr (arqu krdn 49r, 49r, 49r

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin

ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v

mr (arqu g 50r, 50r, 50v

okin-u mr (arqu edr 54r

beri mr (arqu g 54r

kgn (arqu 56r

qola mr l (arqu 57v

(arqui

1710
WORD INDEX

nigen da(un (arqui 5r

(aru(ad

(aar-tur qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r

(aru(san

tere dotoraa (aru(san astir 2r

(arumui

nigen da(un (arumui 5r

niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi segder

(arumui 6r

ir(oli terigten amitan degde o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

do(olang jerimdeg a(sad (aar-aa (urban edr-e (arumui 24r

(ar(a-

(ar(-a

yasun buu (ar(-a 33v, 34r, 43r, 55v, 58v

ilige buu (ar(a 34r

(ar(abasu

dungli (ar(abasu 22r

dovrm-a dovngli (ar(abasu 41r

rduvarma dungli (ar(abasu 47r

1711
WORD INDEX

yasun (ar(abasu 30r, 31v, 34r, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v

kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 25v, 27r, 30v

kmn yasun (ar(abasu 24v

kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu 28v

kgsen kmn-i [=kmn-] yasun (ar(abasu 35v

engkri kbegn-i (ada(i (ar(abasu 44r

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 29r

eremdeg ebgen emegen ba. bandi bombo kmn-e temdegt

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 31r

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v

(ar(au

ed mal ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u sedke kmn-dr (ar(au

gbe 28r

(ar(amui

ed mal l (ar(amui 60v

(ar(an

qa(urai (aara usun (ar(an idamu 32v

qada ila(un-aa modun (ar(an idamu 32v

(ar(a(ulu(i

qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r

1712
WORD INDEX

(arul(-a

(arul(-a

yeke (arul(-a-u 59v

(asalang

(asalang-un

umara (asalang-un mr 54r

rn-e (asalang-un mr 54r

doron-a (asalang-un mr 54r

drben obkis (asalang-un mr 54r

(ai(uda-

(ai(udaqu

tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r

idkd (ai(udaqu edr 48v

(ai(un

(ai(un

nara sara kbes tere ulus-dur (ai(un obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r

(ayila(da-

(ayila(daqu

a( kiged (ayila(daqu iles anu 42r

(ayiqami(

(ayiqami(

1713
WORD INDEX

okin trbes (ayiqami( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu 26r

(ayitu

(ayitu

quda anda bolqui-du (ayitu bui 56r

(okila-

(okilabasu

i(asun (okilabasu 36r

(okimui

(okimui 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Luu edr (okimui 8r

modun (okimui 48r

(olomta

(olomta

(olomta ba(urai nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v

(olomta ger nutu( mr ede sayin bui 51v

nutu( ger (olomta deg ede sayin bui 51v

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r

(olomta-aa

sara yeke bges (olomta-aa b to(ola 51v

(oo-a

(oo-a

1714
WORD INDEX

kbegn trbes biy-e bildar (oo-a ges-dr urin [=uran] bolu(ad 61r

(ool

(ool

qo(osun (ool ba qo(osun bal(asun-dur qara modun-u door-a ni(uu

amu 24v

(ool irken

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v

(ool-dur

rn-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu 24r

(ui(ad

(ui(ad

ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r

(uin

(uin 40v, 41v, 44r, 53r, 53r

(uin qono(

deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur

(uin qono( bui bgetel-e 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r

Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3v

1715
WORD INDEX

Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

'aqai sara-dur (uingei 3v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

(uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

(uin mi nigen qubi 5r

(uin qubi nigen qono( 5r

(uin edr

(uin edr-<y>i in nigen saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr

inu lemui 6v

Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar

kriyelegl 38v

Isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

kriyelegl 38v

Arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer

kriyelegl 38v

(uin qoyar

edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r

edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r

(uin qoyar odun 59v

1716
WORD INDEX

emegen- snesn na(idar (uin qoyar odun dri inu

ong(ua met bui 31v

(uin qoyar okin tngri 32v

(uin drben

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r

edr (uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

(uin ir(u(an

arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au

to(alabasu basa ir(u(an edr lemi. (urban on-dur (uin

ir(u(an edr bolumui 6v

edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r

edr qorin drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r

(uin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 39r,

39v, 39v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r, 58v

(urba(n)

(urba

arban (urba 53r

(urban 27r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 43r, 51v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 53r, 55v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 60r

(urban a( 1v, 1v

(urban to(-a

1717
WORD INDEX

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v

(urban il 46r

qono(-un (urban il 2r

(urban il 3r, 4r, 42r, 58v, 58v

(urban on 6v

'urban sar-a/sara 5v, 10r, 10r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60v

qaburun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 42r, 55r

namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

ebln (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

(urban adqu 6r

(urban in-e 8v, 9v, 10r, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v

(urban nidt drbelin 20v, 44r

(urban edr 24r, 38r

(urban odun 26r, 26v, 27r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 32r, 32r, 56v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

(urban kmn 28v

(urban kl 32r

1718
WORD INDEX

(urban (urban-du ma(u 37v

(urban sayin (urban dumda. (urban es 46r

(urban krdn 48v, 51v

(urban tib 55r

arban (urban 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 54r, 54r

qorin (urban 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r

(urban a(un iran 5r, 6v, 33r

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an 6v

(urban-a 44r

arban (urban-a 2r, 56r

qorin (urban-a 56r

(urban-du

(urban (urban-du ma(u 37v

(urba(ad

(urba(ad

(urba(ad (urba(ad 3v

(urba(ula

(urba(ula 26r

(urbalin

1719
WORD INDEX

(urbalin

(urbalin ula(an 20v

(urbalin qara 20v

(urbalin mandal egdbes 31v

(uyila(i

(uyila(i

bayan bges (uyila(i bolqu 41v

(uyila(i-yin

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

(uyil'(-a

(uyil'(-a

busud-aa (uyil'(-a abubasu 25r

(uyirani

(uyirani

(uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

timed ba(urau (uyirani bolumui 42v

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu (uyirani bolumui 43r

qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v

(uyirini-yin

(uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v

(uyu-

1720
WORD INDEX

(uyubasu

okin bo(talabasu (uyubasu 36r, 36v

(uyuqui

qutu( (uyuqui iles 45v

gabala

gabala 47r

Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r

galab

galab

(al-un galab

(al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

(al-un galab bol(a(i Barani bui 33r

usun-u galab

usun-u galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

usun galab bol(a(i Jayitari bui 33r

kiy-yin galab

kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

key-yin galab bol(a(i Burnavasu buyu 33r

galbaranjan

galbaranjan

galbaranjan modun

1721
WORD INDEX

Modun odun kemebes gelen galbaranjan modun-u gara(

bki 23r

gara(

gara( 54v

tabun gara( 2r

ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r

gara( idei erik edrn belge drbelin qara debisker 20v

dolo(an gara(

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i

tokiyaldu(ulu 21r

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek

krdn 50v

Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem 21v

Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r

'al odun kemebes asuri-narun gara( bki 22v

do(in gara( 22v

tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v

Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-un qa(an-u gara( bki 22v

Modun odun kemebes gelen galbaranjan modun-u gara( bki 23r

Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23v

iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara( bki 24r

1722
WORD INDEX

gara( tegs inu sayin 24v

gara( ba yabuqui odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v

isn gara( 32v

niiged gara( bui 33r

gara( odun-u sayin inu 38r

nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v

odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu 55r

gara(-lu(-a

odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r

niiged gara(-lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui 33r

gara(-ud 45v

gara(-ud-iyar

r giki-dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

gara(-ud-un

gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in inu 39v

gara(-ud-un inu-a 39v

gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v

gara(-un

gara(-un qubil(an-u 39v

do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu 43r

gargada

1723
WORD INDEX

gargada-yin

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] ger 13r

Garm-a

Garm-a

Garm-a dagini 49v

gdanm-a

gdanm-a

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

gedesn

gedesn

terign gedesn qoyar-tu beri ab 55v

gege-

gegeki

gegeki-yin

abqu gegeki-yin il(al 2v

gegen/gegen-e

gegen

Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v

gegen-e

ari(un gegen-e iruqai 2v

gegn

1724
WORD INDEX

gegn-i

nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i (odun) 33r, 33v

geige(n)

geige-dr

geige-dr meks dumda 52v

geigen-dr

ed mal ibqarabasu geigen-dr tgenet kmn qula(uyu 29v

gem

gem

gem l bol- 37v, 51v

gem gei dumda 49v, 49v, 49v

(aar kndebes gem gei 58v

gem-t

nidn-d gem-d kmn 4v

gemil

gemil

kemor gemil bolumui 50r

gemigleng

gemigleng

gemigleng bolqu 50v, 50v

gen

1725
WORD INDEX

gen-dr

gen-dr uira(san beri niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui

bgded ma(u 54r

geng/ging

geng/ging

ii geng

ii geng yile 7v

ii geng edr 7v

ging baras sara 7v

ging luu sara 7v

ging morin sara 7v

ging bein sara 7v

ging noqai sara 7v

ging qulu(an-a sara 7v

ging luu a( 7v

ging morin a( 7v

ging bein a( 7v

ging noqai a( 7v

ging qulu(an-a a( 7v

ging baras a( 7v

ging in<g> 41r

1726
WORD INDEX

ging ing 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

ger

ger 23r, 51v, 51v

ger baribasu 26r, 26v, 29v, 30v, 30v, 31v, 31v, 34r, 34r, 35r, 43r, 43v,

46v, 55v, 60r

kbegn-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r

kbegn-dr ger baribasu 34r

in-e ger baribasu 24r, 35r

k sang-un ger baribasu 25v

irid-n ger baribasu 26v

qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr 37r

dabqur ger baribasu 43v

terign-dr ger buu bari 55r

ger ed'kebes 22v, 28v

debel ba ger ed'kebes 35r

ger negbes 23v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r, 36v

ger asabasu 25v, 35v, 36r, 36v, 37r

in-e ger ba qota asabasu 25r

ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r

ger tergen asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

1727
WORD INDEX

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r

ger bosqabasu 28r

k sang-un ger bosqabasu 20r

sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v

ger tergen bosqabasu 37r, 42r

in-e ger abubasu 29v

sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r

ebderegsen ger buu selbi 34v

ger baribasu aabasu [=asabasu] 35v

qa(uin ger ebdebes 36r

ger bri- 36v, 47v

ger tergen inedkebes 45r

ger tergen ari(ulbasu 54v

ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu 57v

ger-ee

ger-ee nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v

geree nayir (arbasu 57r

ger-ee x 57v, 58r, 58r

ger-te

ger-te-ee

teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu 31r

1728
WORD INDEX

isn gerte ni(uu 22v

rn-e qandu(san gerte abu odba 22v

nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge gerte okiyabasu 36v

gerte oro(ulu(i 52v

in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v

l taiyan gerte oro(ulbasu 53v

ger-tegen

gertegen l qariqu 48r

ger-tr

ger-tr-iyen

ger-dr-iyen qaribasu 36r

niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi segder

(arumui 6r

niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged qubi segder

neme 6r

nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r

naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r

nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san-u tula Qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r

nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r

naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula. yirtin-yin qamu( amitan

1729
WORD INDEX

quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gertr naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr

meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r

naran Arsalan-u gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r

naran Okin-u gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki

a( bui 15r

naran inglegr-n gertr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-deki dusul

terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r

naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i alau

kiline iledki a( 17r

naran Numun-u gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-teki numun qata(uu

kt bolumui 18r

naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

in-e ger-tr orobasu 22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 47v

ger-dr yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes 35v

ger-dr oid irek 57r

noqai kegbes ger-dr qula(ayii oroqu 57v

ger-n

ger-n egde 23v

nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge gerte okiyabasu 36v

gern ein 47v

1730
WORD INDEX

ger-n qo(osun 48v

gern [n]iru(un met 59v

gerel

gerel

Altan gerel ungi 42v

geresengeri

geresengeri 59r

gergi

gergi

Usun odun uirabasu gergi olqu 46v

ges-

gesmi

(aar usun m gesmi 9r

geign

geign-i

ndsn- geign-i nigleski 2r

gete-

getebes

buliyan qula(ayiin-i getebes 36r

buliyan qula(ai getebes 36v

getlge-

1731
WORD INDEX

getlge

in-e ba qa(uin ong(oa mrin-e buu oro(ul buu getlge 35v

geyi-/gi-

geyiki

geyigsen

r geyigsen 42v

geyiki-dr

r geyiki-dr 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r

giki

giki-dr

r giki-dr gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

geyim

r geyim 2r, 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

gi-

[see under geyi-]

gi/gii

gi

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v

gi saki(i edr 36r

ing gii edr sayin 48v

1732
WORD INDEX

gii

[see under i; see also under gi]

gin

gin-dr

gin-dr uira(san beri oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugde-d

toli bui 54r

ging

[see also under geng].

ging

qara ging sg

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v

ginggang

ginggang

ginggang gik edrn

ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

ginggang idei erik edr

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v

ginggang kemebes nara sara bari(i do(in gara( kememi

qamu(-i geyireglgi qara imu kemem 42v

iyerk qara edr ginggang ingpng giki edr ma(u 53r

gikim

1733
WORD INDEX

gikim

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn-

ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

gikim-e

nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge

tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

gq-a

gq-a-bar

jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v

grgein

grgein

grgein imnus-un odun 59r

grgesn

grgesn

grges terign met 59v

grgesn-

(urban odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui 26r

(urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v

(urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r

gan

gan

1734
WORD INDEX

eng terign gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar il buyu 5r

eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar

nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r

gan-aa

nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r

Gung-ii

Gung-ii

arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung-ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek anu 47r

gi

gi 52r

uu gi

uu gi yile 7v

uu gi edr 7v

gi taulai

gi taulai sara 7v

gi taulai a( 7v

gi mo(ai

gi mo(ai sara 7v

gi mo(ai a( 7v

gi qonin

1735
WORD INDEX

gi qonin sara 7v

gi qonin a( 7v

gi takiy-a

gi takiy-a sara 7v

gi takiy-a a( 7v

gi (aqai

gi (aqai sara 7v

gi (aqai a( 7v

gi ker

gi ker sara 7v

gi ker a( 7v

im gi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/im yii [=gi] 52r, 52r

gi-

gik

ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v

Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v

ginggang gik edrn belge inu qoyar qara dusul bui 20v

baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar 28r

giki

qara ingpng giki 42r

1736
WORD INDEX

ginggang ingpng giki edr 53r

gimi 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v

usun-u dotor-a i(asun gimi 8r

usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r

idei eren gimi 40r, 40r

g gimi 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r

edr dli emn-e g-ee umara g gimi 40r

rn-e-ee doron-a g sni dli gimi 40r

qoyar sarayin Baras Bein edr sni dli gimi 42r

egni gik eser'g irig uduridbasu 40r

edr nara ur(u(san qoyin-a gimi 42r

Baras Bein edr r geyiki-dr gimi 42r

ker Qonin edr nara inggeki a(tur gimi 42r

Tabun sarayin ker Qonin edr nara ur(uqui a(tur gimi 42r

ir(u(an sarayin ker Qonin edr nara manduqui-dur gimi 42v

Dolo(an sarayin Luu Noqai edr nara manduqui a(tur gimi 42v

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v

gie-/gii-

giemi/giimi

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r

giiy

1737
WORD INDEX

belge inu qonin addu(ad tar(u giiy 13r

giles

giles

alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r

gn-e

ai qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r

gzangdang

gzangdang

Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala kyagvasolab

[=pyagvasolab] 32r

ibegel

ibegel

(abiy-a-tu sarayin inede ibegel edr ba(u(daqui 52r

asal asan okiqu l okiqu ibegel gki abqui gara( odun il saran

edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu 54v

qulu(an-a luu bein ilten ibegel okiqu 54v

ide-

ide

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad 9r

imis ide iddu(ad 14r

1738
WORD INDEX

qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r

idek

Qonin edr em l idek 57v

miq-a-yi l idek 58r/miq-a l idek58r

idemi

ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn iddlan idemi 19r

idegen

idegen

eldeb idegen kiged takil beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-<y>i taki 32v

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r

ed idegen oldayu 45v

ed idegen olqu bui 56v

idegen olqu 49v, 50v

idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r

darasun idegen uaram 50r

idegen qurim uaraqu 50r

idegen ideglgi 52v

idegen-d

idegen-d uaraqu 50r

idegen-dr

darasun idegen-dr uiraqu 58r

1739
WORD INDEX

idegen-iyen

ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

ideglgi

ideglgi

idegen ideglgi 52v

idei

idei

gara( idei erik edrn 20v

saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin

arudasun baling do(in 39v

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edr 20v

ginggang idei erik edr 20v

(aar-un noqai idei erik edr 20v

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r

idei eren gimi 40r, 40r

idei ereki a( 42v

gara(-ud-un do(in idei eriki inu 43v

ii

ii 52r

ii geng

ii geng yile 7v

1740
WORD INDEX

ii geng edr 7v

ii taulai sara 7v

ii mo(ai sara 7v

ii qonin sara 7v

ii takiy-a sara 7v

ii (aqai sara 7v

ii ker sara 7v

ii taulai a( 7v

ii mo(ai a( 7v

ii qonin a( 7v

ii takiy-a a( 7v

ii (aqai a( 7v

ii ker a( 7v

a ii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

ia(ur

ia(ur

na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r

ia(ur-tan

ia(ur-tan-a

(aar kdelbes barama ia(ur-tan-a ma(ui 31v

ila-

1741
WORD INDEX

ilau

ilau tegs ngigsen burqan 1v

ilaqui

busud-i ilaqui 37v

ila(a-

ila(ayu

sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r

ila(u-

ila(u(san

im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge 20r

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr 45r

ila(un

ila(un daru(da(i odun 59r

ila(u(i

ila(u(i

aliba-yi ila(u(i 25v

ilang(uy-a

ilang(uy-a 2r

ildanbala

ildanbala

1742
WORD INDEX

Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala kyagvasolab

[=pyagvasolab] 32r

ildn

ildn

qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r

iledte

iledte

ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bgetel-e 3v

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki 5v

ileg

ileg

edr-n ileg duta(uu 2r

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r

ilegde-

ilegdebei

ene ilegdebei 20v

il(a-

il(abasu

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu 60v

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i tabun maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r

na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r

1743
WORD INDEX

in-e (aar il(abasu 61r

il(au

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v

il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au biisgei 46r

il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei 48r

ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r

il(ayu

na(idarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r

odun-u sayin-i edr-iyer il(ayu 46r

il(al

il(al

il(al 2r

qariqui ba. abqu gegeki-yin il(al 2v

ma(u il(al 56v

il(al-i

a(-un il(al-<y>i medesgei 5r

sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v

il(ari

il(ari 26v

okin bges il(ari bui 23r

1744
WORD INDEX

ima(an

[see under yama(an]

ina(u[n]ki

ina(u[n]ki

(urban a(-un uqa(-a edi bodgalis-dur ina(u[n]ki terigten itn

barildaqui iles keregt kemen 1v.

inaru

(urban a(-i uqa(-a inaru 1v

ini

ini

kbegn-e mi l gki. okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr inu 53v

inu

inu 2r, 2v, 3r, 3r, 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r,

5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6v, 8r, 9r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 20r, 20r,

20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 20v, 20v, 20v,

20v, 20v, 24v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r,

29v, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 32r, 34v,

35r, 35r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v,

39v, 39v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r,

48v, 50r, 50r, 53v, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r,

1745
WORD INDEX

55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 56v

teyin bged arilu(san-u to(-a inu 2r

ire-

irebes

dayisun eserg irebes 22r

erkei iribasu 36v

ire 29v, 30v

rn-e g-ee ire 22v

doron-a emn-e g-ee ir(u(an kmn ire qula(uu amui 25r

irek

nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges tere sara

edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v

saras-un yeke ken-i irek bges mn egn-ee eregdeki 6v

i(ulin yabubasu qariu l irek 41r

keiy-e-ben obalang-aa l qa(ain qarinu l irek 47v

qo(osun irek 49v, 50v, 50v

ger-ee nayir (arbasu oid irek 57r, 57v, 58r

ger-ee nayir (arbasu qola (aara oid irek 57r

geree nayir (arbasu qola-aa qudalduin irek 57r

ger-ee nayir (arbasu qola-yin oid irek 57v

noqai kegbes ni qola (aar-a ni qutu(-aa biig irek 57r

1746
WORD INDEX

keriy-e kegbes sayin bayasqulang-du kele irek 57r

nayitabasu ger-dr oid irek 57r

nayitabasu oid irek 58r

keriy-e kegbes kndlegdek oid irek 57v

debel tlebes qaibasu ma(u. ge irek 58r

ireki

ireki-dr

dayisun(-i) eserg ireki-dr 23r, 23v, 24v

dayisun-i eserg ireki-tr. qan tayii timed yosu(ar

odu 21v

dayisun eserg iriki-dr [=ireki-dr] 24r

iremi

i(ur-a qamu( iba(ud iremi 10r

iro-a

iro-a

Qulu(an-a edr iro-a buu e 34r

Qulu(an-a edr iro-a l ek 57r

ger-ee x sayin iro-a bui 57v

irge-

irgebes

irger irgebes 27v

1747
WORD INDEX

irger/erger

irger

irger irgebes 27v

erger-t

yeke erger-d [=irger-t] bolumui 47v

isangla-

isanglabasu

noyan isanglabasu 61r

isanglaqu

noyad isanglaqu 35v

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r

ker edr noyan l isanglaqu 57r

isgarma

isgarma

Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala kyagvasolab

[=pyagvasolab] 32r

iske-/eske-

iskebes

darasun iskebes 23r, 23v

ariki eskebes [=iskebes] 31v

ariki iskebes 46v

1748
WORD INDEX

isn

isn

nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun edge ene on-u

qubi sarayin nigen inide tokiyaldumui 7r

Isn sara 16r, 16r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

isn adqu iroi 22r

isn aya(-a usun 22r

isn kmn 22r, 22v, 26r, 27v, 53v

isn ger 22v

isn qono( 23r

isn doboa( iroi 23v

isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui 25r

isn odun 26r

egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu 28v

isn il tariyan 30r, 31r

isn il ngge-d keb-d 32v

isn gara( 32v

isn iruqai 42v

isn il modu 50v

nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r, 59r

1749
WORD INDEX

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi Abiji buyu 34r

isn isn-e ma(u 53r

isn in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r

inein isn 39v, 41v, 44v

arban isn 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v,

39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 54r

qorin isn 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37v,

40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 58v

qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r

isn-e 38r, 56r

isn isn-e ma(u 53r

arban isn-e 10r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 53r, 56r

qorin isn-e 11r, 12r, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 47v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r

isn-ee

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r

ii(n)

ii

ii iglbes 28r

1750
WORD INDEX

ii buu igl 34r

Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v

noyan ii ol(abasu 37r

ii-dr

noyad ii-dr ol(obasu sayin 35v

ii-ten

iiten tbidk iles 61r

iin-d

tu(-un iin-t uyau 50v

itegel

itegel

ende amitan-u itegel burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 2r

itegelgei 61r

Jagavar

Jagavar-un

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali bui 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a

neret qoyar odun bui 32v

Jagarvadi

kbegn trbes Jagarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu boluyu 26v

Jagr-a sambur-a

1751
WORD INDEX

Jagr-a sambur-a 1v

Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn 2v

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar 3r

janggn/sanggn

janggn, 9v, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r

janggn doron-a 8r

sanggn umar-a 19r

Jayitari/ayitari/Jayitar

Jayitari 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 21r, 37v, 52r,

59r, 59v, 60v/ayitari 19v

Jayitari sara

a(-un krdn-dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n

terign bol(au 3r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr qaburun dumdadu Jayitari

sara 10r

Jayitari na(idar 28r

o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r

usun galab bol(a(i Jayitari bui 33r

miqai a(an Jayitari buyu 34r

Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

1752
WORD INDEX

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 55v

em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Jayitari [. . .] ede sayin 56r

Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

jen

jen-dr

jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v

ji

ji

ji sg

qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara ji sg bui 42v

jii

jii

qara jii sg

ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v

jindamuni/indamuni

jindamuni 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r

1753
WORD INDEX

gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v

lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni

bui 20r

qara indamuni

kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san jindamuni ene bui 45r

qara jindamuni ene bui 45r

jindamuni met 59v

drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v

jva

jva

qara jva sg

do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r

a ii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

a i kemek 7r

a yii yile 7v

a gi edr 7v

a baras sara 7v

a luu sara 7v

1754
WORD INDEX

a morin sara 7v

a bein sara 7v

a noqai sara 7v

a qulu(an-a sara 7v

a luu a( 7v

a morin a( 7v

a bein a( 7v

a noqai a( 7v

a qulu(an-a a( 7v

a baras a( 7v

absar

absar-tu

Qulu(an-a Morin Takiy-a edr absar-du 58v

adala-

adalabasu 32r

a(al

a(al

a(al morin

a(an [=a(al] morin qudaldubasu sayin bui 17r

a(al morin sur(abasu 29r

a(aldu-

1755
WORD INDEX

a(aldubasu 35v, 47v

ar(u a(aldubasu 42v

a(alduqui

ar(u a(alduqui 47v

a(an

a(an

tabun odun-u dri inu a(an met bui 30v

miqai a(an odun 59r

a(an-dur

miqai a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v

miqai a(an Jayitari buyu 34r

o(tu yeke a(an-dur tariyan buu tari 33v

o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r

a(an-u

a(an-u terign met 59v, 59v

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 29v

(urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 31r

a(u(n)

a(u

a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r

a(u qono(-du kk 60r

1756
WORD INDEX

a(un

nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r

nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 6r

Savadai na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar 28v

nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i Suvadi buyu 33v

nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i Burvabadaribad buyu 33v

nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v

nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i Asli( buyu 33v

nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i Rivad'i buyu 33v

a(un amin-dur krmi 47v

(urban a(un iran

nigen on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au 6v

nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr bui 33r

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an edr-i nigen on bol(aju 6

dolo(an a(un qorin a( bui 33r

1757
WORD INDEX

a(ur-a/i(ur-a

a(ur-a/i(ur-a

a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r

i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r

i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] qamu( iba(ud iremi 10r

a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r

a(ur-a salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r

a(ur-a kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r

a(ur-a kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r

a(ura ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r

a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r

a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r

a(ur-a salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r

a(ura qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 19r

ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v

kmn-i idker-<y>i bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ula(i Burnavasu

buyu 33v

kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v

a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r

a(ur-a-ban

(aar kdelbes ar(-a beligten [=biligten] ber a(uraban ebderem 31v

1758
WORD INDEX

a(uraki

a(uraki-yi

bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau (urban a(un

iran bol(abasu nigen dusul bolumui 5r

ala(uu

ala(uu-dur

kbegn trbes ala(uu-dur oba(ad telki-dr ir(amui 61v

ali

ali

ar(-a ali

ar(-a ali yeke-d bui 28r

ali-yu(an

suu ali

suali-yu(an takiu 21v

suu ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 25v, 28v

am

am

am asabasu 19r

an

an

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

1759
WORD INDEX

kemen ungimui 35v

an eilegi edr 35v

ani-

anibasu

isn il tariyan-i anibasu 30r

aniqu

edr kmn-i l qariyaqu aniqu 57v

Noqai edr noqai l teigek l alaqu l aniqu 58r

ara(

ara(

kereg ara(

kereg ara( keyibes 61r

ar(u

ar(u

ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v

ar(u kiged kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes 26v

ar(u buu sonos buu i(-a 36r

ar(u a(aldu- 42v, 47v

ar(u-du

ar(u-du oroqu 50r

ar(ula-

1760
WORD INDEX

ar(ulan

belbesn em-e kmn ar(ulan i(au ggmi 25r

arim

arim

arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r

arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

arimdu(

arimdu(

arimdu( vair 38r

qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r

ariyan

ariyan-u

so( ariyan

so( ariyan-u rgesn 60r

arli(

arli(

arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal 4r

arlig biig tarqabasu 18r

arli( bolurun

sadhu kemeged arli( bolurun 32v

arli( nom medek bolumui 37v

1761
WORD INDEX

arli(-un

arli(-un i(ul(an i(ulbasu 22v

aru-

arubasu

eli arubasu 31v

arumui

eige eke-yu(an arumui 43r

arudasun

arudasun

arudasun quduldubasu 24v, 30r

gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin arudasun baling do(in 39v

kger qara arudasun odun 59r

bo(ol arudasun abqui 61v

asa-

asabasu

am asabasu 19r

ordo qari asabasu 21v

qota asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r

in-e ger ba qota asabasu 25r

ger asabasu 25v, 35v, 36r, 37r

ger baribasu asabasu 30v/ger baribasu aabasu [=asabasu] 35v

1762
WORD INDEX

ger tergen asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

ger dotor-a yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r

qa(uin ger asabasu 36v

ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r

in-e irigen oro asabasu 36v

ebedin-i asabasu 36v

qa(uin kger-n yasun asabasu 36v

suba( asabasu 42r

qabi(ai asabasu 46v

asamui

qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r

asan

asal asan okiqu l okiqu 54v

asaqu

asaqu 47v

asal

asal

kereg asal

kereg asal iledbes 30v

ger-dr yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes 35v

1763
WORD INDEX

kereg asal kibes 44v

em asal

em asal ungla(ulbasu 35v

a(an asal 45r

a(an asal kibes 39v

qara sarayin asal anu. isn il modu. buq-a-yin yeke qara segul. numu

a(an qada( kiged ingqun. iker (angla(ur terigten. tu(-un iin-du

uyau qadqu(ad a(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi.

Qubi sarayin dolo(an inide Baras iln qari bein g qadqu. tegnilen

ali edr bges tere sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui 50v

asal asan okiqu l okiqu 54v

aya(a(n)

aya(a-tu

kbegn trbes mungqa( bged usun-dur kk aya(atu bui 31r

aya(an-u

qoyar aya(an-u ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui 27r

ayid-

ayidu

nigen kmn sn-iyen ayidu 24r

ayila-

ayilau

1764
WORD INDEX

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu iro(ai-dur adali egn-ee ayilau 48r

ayilaqu

qamu( ma(u iles ayilaqu buyu 42v

ayilatu(ai

yeke negdel yabubasu mai ma(u keiyen ayilatu(ai 41v

ayila(da-

ayila(daqu

aliba iles egn-ee ayila(daqu bolai 58v

ayila(daqui

tere mai qata(uu do(in-u tulada. ayila(daqui 43r

aliba iles-i tegn-ee ayila(daqui 43r

egerde/igerde

egerde/igerde 52v

egerde qalan morin 4v

igerde morin 21v, 22v

egeren

egeren

egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r

egn

egn

egn kl 24r

1765
WORD INDEX

egn qabar(-a 55r

egn-de

egnde 58v, 58v/eg[n]de 58v

ele

ele-yin

qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v

erge

erge-dr

degeds-n erge-dr oroqu 24r

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i 33r

ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-droro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v

erge-ee

timed-n erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu 33v

ergele-

ergelebes

to(osq-a ergelebes 32r

erimdeg

erimdeg

do(olang yerimdeg [=erimdeg] a(sad (aar 24r.

i/yii/gi/gii

1766
WORD INDEX

i/gii 52r

a i

a i kemek 7r

a yii [=i] yile 7v

a gi [=i] edr 7v

gii taulai sara 7v

gi mo(ai sara 7v

gii qonin sara 7v

gi takiy-a sara 7v

gi (aqai sara 7v

gi ker sara 7v

gi taulai a( 7v

gi mo(ai a( 7v

gi qonin a( 7v

gi takiy-a a( 7v

gii (aqai a( 7v

gi ker a( 7v

uu gii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r/uu ii 52r

ibqa-

ibqaqu

mal ibqaqu 50v

1767
WORD INDEX

ibqara-

ibqarabasu

ada(usun ibqarabasu 22r, 27r

ed mal ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v,

30r, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v

ada(usun ba ed ibqarabasu 23r

ed ibqarabasu 23v

ed ada(usun ibqarabasu 24r, 26r, 27r, 27v, 29r

ibqara(san

ibqara(san-i

ibqara(san-i eribes 23v

ibqaqu

mal ibqaqu 50v

i(a-

i(-a

ar(u buu sonos buu i(-a 36r

i(abasu

doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v

i(au

belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22v

belbesn em-e kmn ar(ulan i(au ggmi 25r

1768
WORD INDEX

aqa deg qoyar kmn uirau i(au ggmi 25v

umara g-n band'i ba bombo kmn i(au ggmi 26r

bombo aq-a deg qoya(ula i(au ggmi 26r

(a(a(ar toyin i(au ggmi 30r

qula(ayii-yin ai inu i(au ggmi 31v

gara( ba yabuqui odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v

i(asun

i(asun

usun-u dotor-a i(asun gimi 8r

naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r

ken i(asun qoiyalamui 11r

i(asun (okilabasu 36r

i(asun igrdebes 36v

usun-aa i(asun eribes 47v

i(asun-u

i(asun-u ger 9r

i(ui

i(ui-du

ede sarada i(ui-du ma(u bui 51r

i(ulila-

i(ulilabasu 21v, 22v, 25v, 25v, 27r, 28r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 32r, 35r, 35r, 35r,

1769
WORD INDEX

60r

qola i(ulilabasu 25r

noyad isanglaqu busud-iyar i(ulilabasu 35v

i(ulin

i(ulin

i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar bui 26v

i(ulin yabubasu 41r

i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r

Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui60v

i(ulin l yabumui 60v

i(ur-a

[see under a(ur-a]

igerde

[see under egerde]

ig-

igbes

qa(al(-a igbes 43v, 46v, 48r

igki

imeg igki 46r, 61r

igr

igr-t

1770
WORD INDEX

iba(un igrt 55v

il

il 51r, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 58v, 58v

il kiged naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui

ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigten-i Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr inelek 3r

il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r

nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r

arban qoyar sar-a nigen il 5r

nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen il bolumui 5v

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui. tegn-ee

niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui.

tende-ee nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui. tegne niiged niiged

gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged qubi segder neme ir(u(an qubi

segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r

ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r

qari il

sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui 7r

ali il tus bolbasu l yegdken qulu(an-a-aa teriglen 7r

ali il bges qoyitu qoyar il qaburun ekin bolumui 7r

1771
WORD INDEX

door-a to(ori(i arban qoyar sara-dur nigen il 33r

nigen edr-d nigen il bui 33r

il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r

a(an baras king ing. qara mo(ai im ki. kke bein a ii ira (aqai

uu gii ed naiman il qara bui 41r

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r

il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v

na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v

il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei 48r

ede okin-u il bui tokiyal-du(ulu egdeki 51r

ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r

ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v

u(tu(i-yin il 52r

asal asan okiqu l okiqu ibegel gki abqui gara( odun il saran

edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v

Baras Morin Noqai il emn-e sayin 55v

Taulai Qonin 'aqai il doron-a sayin 55v

Qulu(ana Luu Bein il doron-a umara sayin 55v

ker Mo(ai Takiy-a il rn-e umara sayin 55v

il-d

qariyal keyibes (urban il-d l btk 42r

1772
WORD INDEX

il-dr

il-dr arban qoyar sara bui 3r

(urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bol- 3r, 4r

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu sara

qoyar 4r

Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r

Morin il-dr namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r

Takiy-a il-dr ebln dumdadu sara qoyar 4r

nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr bui 33r

il-e

Qulu(an-a Morin il-e qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i namurun dumdadu

gegreglegi 41r

ker Qonin il-e qaburun es r-e tasulu(i. namurun es

geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r

Baras Bein il-e un-u terign r-e tasulu(i. ebln terign

geyireglgi sara bui 41r

Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i. ebln dumdadu

geyireglegi sara bui 41r

Luu Noqai il-e un-ues r-e tasulu(i ebln es geyir[e]glgi

sara bui 41r

Mo(ai 'aqai il-e qaburun terign r-e tasulu(i namurun terign

1773
WORD INDEX

geyireglgi sara bui 41r

il-lge

ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged odun bui. niiged gara( bui 33r

ilten 24r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v

taulai qoni (aqai ilten qara morin unuu 22r

ilt 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 54v

ilt-d

qulu(an-a ilt okin-i taulai iltd buu g 54v

ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d buu g 54v

baras ilt okin-i mo(ai ilt-d buu g 54v

taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d buu g 54v

luu ilt okin-i qonin ilt-d buu g 54v

mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d buu g 54v

morin ilt okin-i takiy-a ilt-d buu g 54v

qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d buu g 54v

bein ilt okin-i (aqai ilt-d buu g 54v

takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g 54v

noqai ilt-yi kert buu g 54v

1774
WORD INDEX

(aqai ilt-yi baras iltd buu g 54v

ilt-yi

noqai ilt-yi kert buu g 54v

qulu(an-a ilt kmn 53r

il-n

Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r

il-n terign 10r

dtger arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi glesgei 34r

qubi sarayindolo(an inide Baras iln qari bein gqadqu 50v

il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui 52r

er-e-yin il-n eki a(tu ba(uqu bui 52r

il-n Tayisui kemebes Qulu(an-a ker il doron-a. Baras Taulai il

emn-e. Luu Mo(ai il emn-e rn-e. Morin Qonin il rn-e. Bein

Takiy-a il rn-e umara. Noqai 'aqai il umara. ede g-d sa(umu 55v

Qulu(an-a ker 'aqai (urban iln (aar-un ba(atud umar-a 58v

Baras Taulai Luu (urban il-n (aar-un ba(atud doron-a 58v

iln qo(osun 60r

ilten

[see above under il]

imis

imis

1775
WORD INDEX

alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r

modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide 14r

qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r

ingle-

inglebes

tgenebes inglebes 22v, 36v, 37r

iran

iran

iran da(un nigen me 5r

(urban a(un iran 5r

iran mi nigen qubi 5v

iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an edr-i nigen on bol(aju 6v

nigen on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au 6v

nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr bui 33r

ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r

iran nasulayu 61v, 61v

ir(a-

ir(abasu

na(adun inggeldn ir(abasu 31r

ir(amui

1776
WORD INDEX

teleki-dr ir(amui 61v

ir(aqu

irken-e maida ir(aqu 52v

kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu 52v

ir(alang

ir(alang

ir(alang boluyu 50r

ir(alang-i

ir(alang-<y>i ksebes 1v

amu(ulang ir(alang-i trglk-yin tulada 2v

ir(alang-tu 46r, 52v

tegs ir(alang-tu bol- 25v, 27v, 29r

li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v

ir(u(an

ir(u(an 25r

qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it 2r

ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r

ir(u(an qono( tasura- 3r, 3r

qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a 3v

ir(u(an amisqaqui 5v

1777
WORD INDEX

ir(u(an sar-a 5v

ir(u(an qono( 5v

ir(u(an tediken qubi 5v

edr ir(u(an a( 5v

sni ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v

ir(u(an qubi 6r, 6r

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an edr-i nigen on bol(aju 6v

ir(u(an edr 26v

ir(u(an edr lemi 6v, 6v, 6v

ir(u(an edr-yi nigedbes nigen saban sara bolumui 6v

ir(u(an yeke (sar-a) 6v

ir(u(an ken sar-a 6v

(uin ir(u(an edr 6v

ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r

sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r

edr (uin ir(u(an qubi 13r

sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 14r

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi 18r

sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r

morin ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

1778
WORD INDEX

12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

ir(u(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 38v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v,

50v

inein ir(u(an 38r, 38r, 53r

arban ir(u(an 3r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

38v, 39v, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r

qorin ir(u(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r

ir(u(an sara 13r, 13r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

ir(u(an kmn 25r, 25r, 26r

ir(u(an odun 25r, 27r, 27v, 29v, 59v, 59v

ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v, 33v

ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r

ir(u(an na(idar 56v

ir(u(an-a 39v, 55v

qorin ir(u(an-a 43r, 43r, 44v, 56r

qorin ir(u(an-a qur-a ese orobasu 17r

1779
WORD INDEX

ir(u(an-a 43r

ir(u(an-a tarqamui 38r

arban ir(u(an-a 39v, 43r, 43r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 56v

arban ir(u(an-a sni dli 38v

arban ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur 39r

ir(u(an-aa

ebln dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau 5v

irge-

irgemi

a(ur-a boro bo(ir(-a dolo(an in-e-de irgemi 8r

iru-

irubasu

iru( irubasu 15r

mandal irubasu 23r

dayisun-i ner-e-yi irubasu 27v

dayisun ner-e-yi irubasu 32r

iruu

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu 23r

iruyu

isn iruqai ene met iruyu 42v

iru(

1780
WORD INDEX

iru(

iru( irubasu 15r

iruqai

iruqai

kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r

solbi(san qara iruqai 20v, 44v

tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v

iruqai to(alabasu 31v

isn iruqai ene met iruyu 42v

iruqai-dur

ari(un gegen-e iruqai-dur tegi okiyabai 2v

biqar qangin-u iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(idar 26r

irken

irken

Naran-u irken neret sudur 2v

irken tarni uribasu 25v

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v

bayar qurim keyibes irken met amara( kbegn kk 42r

irken-e

irken-e maida ir(aqu 52v

oba-

1781
WORD INDEX

oba(ad

kbegn trbes ala(uu-dur oba(ad teleki-dr ir(amui 61v

obau

kbegn trbes eneleki obalang-iyar qoqui kemen obau yabumui 47v

obaqu

sedkil obaqu 50r, 56r, 56r, 57v

obalang

obalang

obalang tngri

obalang tngri yabumui 11r

obalang bolqu 56r, 56r, 56r

qa(aaqu obalang bolqu 56r

obalang-aa

keiy-e-ben obalang-aa l qa(ain qarinu l irek 47v

obalang-dur

(ai(un obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r

obalang-i

yirtin-tekin- obalang-i aril(au 2v

tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r

obalang-iyar

kbegn trbes eneleki obalang-iyar qoqui kemen obau yabumui 47v

1782
WORD INDEX

obalang-un

obalang-un tngri

obalang-un tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r

obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr 56v

obkis

obkis

drben obkis 54r, 54r

obkis-dur

drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v

oid

oid

oid irek 57r, 57r, 57v, 58r, 58r

qola (aara oid irek 57r

qola-yin oid irek 57v

kndlegdek oid irek 57v

oid l uriqu 58r

oid-i

oid-i kndlebes 29r

o(dor

o(dor

1783
WORD INDEX

arsalan-u o(dor met 59v

oki-

okiqu 54v, 54v

l okiqu 54v, 56r

l okiqu uaral 46r, 46r

l okiqu beri 52r

asal asan okiqu l okiqu 54v

ibegel ek anu. qulu(an-a luu bein ilten ibegel okiqu 54v

olan arad okiqu 56r

okila-

okilan

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

okildu-

okildun

nkd l okildun qadquldu(ad 27r

kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l okildun bo(ou kmi 30v

okira-

okiramui

il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r

okis

1784
WORD INDEX

okistai

kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu 52v

okis-tu

taiyan-dur okis-tu bolqu 52v

sedkil-dr okis-tu bolumui 56v

okiya-

okiyabai

ari(un gegen-e iruqai-dur tegi okiyabai 2v

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un

to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v

arban qoyar itn barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee

Nagajun-a-yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

il kiged naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui

ba. qami(-a sa(uqui terigten-i Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

okiyabasu

in-e debel okiyabasu 32r

em okiyabasu 34v

nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge gerte okiyabasu 36v

okiya(san

arban qoyar itn barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee

1785
WORD INDEX

Nagajun-a-yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

okiyasu(ai

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral

a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45v

ol(a-/ol(o-

ol(o

temildki-d ol(o 50v

ol(abasu/ol(obasu

dayisun-dur ol(obasu 27r, 28r, 29r, 29v, 30v, 34v

dayisun-a ol(abasu 34v

dayisun-a ol(obasu 60v

noyad ii-dr ol(obasu 35v

noyan ii ol(abasu 37r

ol(aqu/ol(oqu

dayisun-dur ol(aqu 49v, 50v

tarnii kmn ba. emi otai kmn ba. ese bges keger-e moritu

kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v

aq-a yeke kmn ba a(an mori una(san ba a(an debel emsgsen

baa(an noqai ktelgsen ba egei kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v

egerde qalan morin una(san ba. bombo kmn ba ula(an debelt kmn

ba ese bges degerem qula(ayii ba keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v

1786
WORD INDEX

noyan kmn ba niglt kmn ba. dooridu ma(u kmn ba. ese bges

kke boro mori unu(san ba. qudalduin-lu(-a ol(aqu 5r

bombo kmn ba qara kmn ba. ese bges qara morin unu(san ba.

usu egrgsen kmn-lge ol(aqu 5r

ker unu(san ba. qara morin unu(san. ba menekii met qara kmn ba

ese bges qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e kmn-dr ol(aqu 5r

dayisun ol(aqu 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v

dayisun-a ol(aqu 50v

ma(u arad-lu(-a ol(oqu 57r

amara( kmn-lu(-a ol(oqu 57v

ol(aqui

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge ba nidn-d gem-d kmn-d ol(aqui 4v

ol(oldu-

ol(oldubasu 23r

oli(

oli(

buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r

buyan oli( iledbes 31v

oli( qari(ulul buu iled 34v

amin-u oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36r

amin oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36v, 36v, 37r

1787
WORD INDEX

oliy-a

oliy-a

oliy-a mr 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

oliy-a gbes 41r

ori-

oriqu

qola (aar oriqu 58r

b to(ala 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 52v

bleld-

bleldki

(rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar 27r

biyere- -- to surround, circumambulate.

biyerky-e

Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e 55r

gebri

[see under gebri]

gelen

gelen galbaranjan modun 23r

ilu(un n<e>gge gelen odun 59r

gelen obo(-tan 61v

1788
WORD INDEX

ng

ng bilig

ng bilig olu(san Manjuari tngri 1v

ula(

ula(-un

suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr 60v

ula(ala-

ula(ala(san

ula(ala(san-i

Taulai sara mn- tula belge inu modun bgde ula(ala(san-i

taulai mede ide addu(ad qoiyalamui 9r

ula(alamui

Baras sara mn- tula belge inu baras ula(alamui 8r

a(ur-a kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r

'aqai sar-a. mn- tula belge inu (aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r

ula(an

ula(an

salbarun ula(an

a(ur-a salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r

ula(an-iyan

Bein sara mn- tula belge inu modun cim[e]g bein inu imis ide

1789
WORD INDEX

iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r

ud

nara sara kirtbes yeke ud bolumui 25v

un

un

qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin

iles-i igerle 59r

un-u

un-u terign sar-a

tariyain-dur un-u terign sara 10r

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u terign sar-a 11r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u terign ista sar-a 12r

un-u terign r-e tasulu(i 41r

un-u dumdadu sar-a

Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r

tariyain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 11r

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u dumdadu sar-a 12r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a 13r

un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r

un-u es sar-a

tariyain-dur un-u es sara qara 12r

1790
WORD INDEX

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur un-u es sara 13r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr un-u es Abiji sara 14r

un-u es r-e tasulu(i 41r

un-u nara bayiqu 6v

un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r

un-u (urban sar-a 42r, 55r

un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r

un

un

n un

n un bolbasu 6r

teng iu un

qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r

uu

[see under yuu]

g 42v, 58v

umar-a g 3r, 5v, 6r, 23v, 37v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v

rn-e g 22r, 23r, 24v, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v

doron-a g 23r, 24v, 27r, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v

emn-e g 23v, 40r, 42r, 49v, 50v, 53v, 58v

1791
WORD INDEX

rn-e emn-e g 26r

rn-e umar-a g 54r

aliba ta(alaqui g (ada(i odbasu 4v

oyir-a g eri oldayu 24r

bein g

qubi sarayin dolo(an inide Baras iln qari bein g qadqu 50v

qari g

ali edr bges tere sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui 50v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui g 52r

dayiwang tayiqu Qangpan- qongpan itgen- eke abu kiged-n g

buu yabu 53r

beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g 53v

beri mr (arqu g 54r

g-e

Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v

g-ee 29v, 40r, 40r, 42r

emn-e g-ee 5v

rn-e g-ee ire rn-e qandu(san gerte abu odba 22v

doron-a emn-e g-ee ir(u(an kmn ire qula(uu amui 25r

ber'i ba(ul(aqui g kemebes er-e-yin em g-ee ba(u(daqui 52r

g-iyer

1792
WORD INDEX

qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 3v

g-t

ede g-d sa(umu 55v

g-tr

baling do(in qami(-a sa(uqu tere g-dr yasun (ar(abasu mr

btgek-yin urida kimor bolqu 41r

g-n 26r, 26v, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30v, 31r, 31r

doron-a g-n kmn 25v

doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r

emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r

rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r

umara g-n usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r

arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-nsayin ma(u-yi ek krdn ene

bui 50r

arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

il

il

nigen il 51r

basa nigen il 5v, 60v

qoyar il

1793
WORD INDEX

eng terign gan kiged nige da(un kemek qoyar il buyu 5r

(urban il

qono(-un (urban il 2r

(urban il-iyer iles-n sayin ma(u-yiila(ayu 46r

tabun il

tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

isn il

isn il tariyan

isn il tariyan-i anibasu 30r

isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r

isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v

isn il modu 50b

iran il

ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r

il-dr

nom-un il-dr duratai buyu 25v

il-iyer

(urban il-iyer iles-n sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r

lge

lge-yin

lge-yin iig

1794
WORD INDEX

lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r

s(n)

unuqu morin-u s 52v

sn

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r

kam

kam-dur

kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-ta(an odu( bari(san bui bgde-d

sayin 54r

ke

ke

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

ke negegi edr 36v

keb

keb-iyer

qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v

keb-d

keb-d-i

tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v

1795
WORD INDEX

kebeli/kebili

kebeli

kebeli inu emn-e amui 55r

kebeli inu rn-e 55r

kebeli inu umara 55v

kebeli inu doron-a 55r

kebili-dr

kebili-dr kbegn olan 52v

kebili-tr adu(usun buu ab 55r

kebte-

kebte

egn qabar(-a kebte 55r

kebtegl-

kebteglbes

mal in-e kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v

adu(usun-i in-e kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r

kebtein

kebtein-dr

adu(usun-i in-e kebtein-dr kebteglbes 36r

kebtein-e

mal in-e kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v

1796
WORD INDEX

keiye-

keiye

ber-n saki(ulsun-iyan keiye 43r

keiyeki

keiyeki iles 13r

keiyen

yeke negdel yabubasu mai ma(u keiyen ayilatu(ai 41v

ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r

[. . .] kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v

kedber

kedber

basa kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei kemebes 6v

kedn

kedn

ene kedn edr 47v

keger-e

keger-e

keger-e moritu kmn 4v

keger-e

keger-e

keger-e oyir-a bui 24r

1797
WORD INDEX

kegeri

kegeri

ula(an kegeri bariu 21v

qara kegeri bariju 22r

kke kegiri bariu 23v

a(an keg[e]ri bariu 23v

ara kegeri bariu 24v

keg-

kegbes

noqai kegbes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes 57r

keriy-e kegbes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r

kegken

kegken

kegken abun neyilikilbes 36r

kegrigen-e

kegrigen-e

kegrigen-e iba(un

takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r

kegr/kegr

kegr

1798
WORD INDEX

kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r

kegr oroi(ulbasu 35v, 43v

kegr-n

kegr-n nke met 59v

kei/kii

kei 21r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v/kii 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21v, 21v

yeke kii kdelk 27v

Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v

qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v

(al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r

usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu uaral 46r

key-yin/kiy-yin

Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bky-yin tula

temr-n inar bui basa key-yin inar kemegdey 23v

kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun 33r

key-yin galab bol(a(i Burnavasu buyu kemebe 33r

Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

keiy-e

1799
WORD INDEX

keiy-e

keiy-e-ben

egndr uirabasu keiy-e-ben obalang-aa l qa(ain

qarinu l irek 47v

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu tende

qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

kelbeyilge-

kelbeyilgen

bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen idamui 32v

kele(n)

kele

bayasqulang-du kele irek 57r

kele-ber

Enedk[e]g-n keleber

Enedk[e]g-n keleber. na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r

Tbed-n keleber

Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala kyagvasolab

[=pyagvasolab] 32r

kelen

kelen aman bolqu 50r, 50v

yeke kmn- kele aman bolqu 57v

1800
WORD INDEX

ma(ui kelen aman bolqu 57v

kelen aman-du oroqu 50r

sayin kelen sonosqu 57v

keline/kiline/kelini

keline

yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline [=keline] iledki a( 17r

kelini-t

kelinit edr

kelinit edrn belge inu qara indamuni bui 20r

kelinit iles

kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r

kem

kem-iyer

teng kem

edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r

keme-

kemebe 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v

kemebes 2r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 6v, 6v, 8r, 10r, 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r,

25v, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30v, 30v, 32r, 32v, 33r,

33r, 33v, 33v, 34v, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 39v, 41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42v,

42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 53v,

1801
WORD INDEX

53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 58v, 60r, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61r

kemegde-

kemegdey 23v, 39v, 39v

kemeged 32v

kemegsen 2r

kemeki 2r, 60v

kemek 5r, 25r, 39v, 47r, 48r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v

kemek-ee 7r, 60v

kemem 8r, 21v, 42v

kememi 3v, 4r, 5v, 22v, 22v, 42v, 60v

kemen 1v, 1v, 2r, 3v, 4r, 4r, 32v, 33v, 35v, 35v, 37v, 47v, 56v

kemey 26r, 27v, 27v, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r

kemor

[see under kimor]

ken

ken

ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v

ai okin ken buyu 32v

kengger'ge/kenggerge

kengger'ge

ang kengger'ge deledbes 28v/ang kenggerge deledbes 34v, 35r

1802
WORD INDEX

kengigl

kengigl

buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v

ker

ker yeke ge glemi 32v

kerbe

kerbe emsbes qulu(an-a qaayu 34r

kereg

kereg

-qu/k kereg 4v

qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medek kereg 3r

-qui/ki kereg 4v

qono( tasura(san-i medeki kereg 4v

kereg buyu

sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg buyu 4v

kereg asal

kereg asal iledbes 30v

kereg asal keyilgebes 35v

kereg asal kibes 44v

do(in kereg kibes 45r

kereg btk 49v

1803
WORD INDEX

kereg bolai

kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v

kereg ara( keyibes 61r

keregt 1v

ede-i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52v

tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-d bui 55v

kereglegde-

kiiyel tu(urbil kereglegdek 1v

keregl [might this form (vs. keregur) show this section is different from previous??]

keregl bolqu 58r

keregr

keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v

keregr bol- 32r, 50v, 50v, 50v

keregr ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v

keregri 54v, 54v

keriy-e

qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r

qong keriy-e ugiyaqui 9r

qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 19r

Keriy-e-yin ndsn 56v

keriy-e kegbes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r

1804
WORD INDEX

keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes 57r

keriy-e x 58r, 58r, 58r

qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu 60r

Kerteg

Kerteg 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 33r, 3

3r, 33r, 34r, 37r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 53r, 55v, 56r, 59r, 59v, 60v, 61r, 61r, 61v

Kerteg sar-a

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r

Kerteg na(idar 17r, 25r, 32v

kesege-

kesegeki

dayisun-i kesegeki mandal egdbes 31v

busud-i kesegeki 46r

keig

keig

buyan keig

buyan keig ebderek 21v

buyan keig ebdereglgi Burvasad buyu 34r

buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v, 56r

Ardar-dr buyan ke[i]g sayitur nemey 37v

buyan keig ba(uraqu 41r

1805
WORD INDEX

buyan keig delgerek 46v

buyan keig bolqu 50r

buyan keig bari(san beri 54r

keig erdeni qa(an

Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bki 23r

mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r

qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu na(idar 28r

qurim-dur keig tasulu(i odun ali bui 33r

qurim-dur keig tasulu(i Burvabalguni buyu 33v

ed bara(daqu keig ba(uraqu edr 59v

keig-n

Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui 60v

ke

ke

nilq-a ke

(aar kdelbes [n]ilq-a ke ba ai qudalduin-a ma(u bui 30r

keyi-

[see also under ki-]

keyibes

qudaldu keyibes 9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 34r, 37r

em-e kmn-e tusa keyibesu 15r

1806
WORD INDEX

mese keyibes 16r

amurling(ui iles keyibes 18r

bayar qurim keyibes 42r

qariyal keyibes 42r

kereg ara( keyibes 61r

keyi

a(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v

keyiki

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas

keyiki sayin edr 37v

bayar qurim keyiki 46r

qudaldu keyiki 61v

keyid

keyid

sm-e keyid

sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr 37r

sm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin

edr 37v

1807
WORD INDEX

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas

keyiki sayin edr 37v

keyilge-

keyilgebes

ger-dr yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes 35v

ki-

[see also under keyi-]

ki

buu ki 36r

kibes

irad kibes 23v

qudaldu kibes 29v, 34r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r

qariyal kibes 31v, 41v

oga kibes 32r

qudaldu arila kibes 35v

ger tergen . . . kibes 36r

kger-n abdara kibes 37r

a(an asal kibes 39v

qula(ai kibes 41r

mandal kibes 42r

co(o[l](-a kibes 42v

1808
WORD INDEX

ibad-un qurim kibes 44r

kgsen kmn-e ya(um-a kibes 44r

kereg asal kibes 44v

do(in kereg kibes 45r

rduvrma duvngli kibes 47r

kiged 1v, 1v, 1v, 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 3r, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 5r, 8r, 13r, 25v, 26v, 26v,

28r, 32v, 32v, 32v, 32v, 37r, 38r, 38r, 38v, 39r, 40r, 41r, 42r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v,

45v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 50v, 56v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v

kiged-i

kiged-<y>i ari(un 1v

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas 37v

gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen 54v

kiged-n

abu kiged-n g 53r

kik

do(in qariyal kik 42v

kiki

qudaldu kiki 45v

kiki-dr

qariyal kiki-dr 46r

kiiye-

1809
WORD INDEX

kiiyegdeki

egni kiiyegdeki 1v

kiiyeki

tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki busu bgetele 1v

kiiyen

qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 4r

kiiyel

kiiyel tu(urbil kereglegdek 1v

kii

[see under kei]

kiiri

qara kiiri bariu 23r

ara kiiri bariu 23r

kia(ar

kia(ar

kia(ar (aar-i baribasu 31r, 32r

nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i odun 59r

kia(ar-a

modun-u inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 22r

usun-u kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 23r

kiline

1810
WORD INDEX

[see under keline]

kimor/kemor

kimor/kemor

kimor bolqu 50v, 50v, 50v

mr btgek-yin urida kimor bolqu 41r

kemor gemil bolumui 50v

kimor-tu

yeke kimor-du (bolqu) 26r, 26v, 27r

kimura-

kimuraqu

kimuraqu ile bo[l]qu 57r

kimusu(n)

kimusu(n)

kimusu(n) ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

kimusun x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r

kimusun-i

inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i (odun) 33r, 33v

kimusutu

iba(un igrt kimusutu 55r

kir(a-

kir(abasu

1811
WORD INDEX

sn kir(abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

kir(a(ul pheasant

kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r

dri inu kir(a(ul met bui 27r

kir(a(ul met 59v

kirt-

kirtbes

nara sara kirtbes 25v

kirge

kirge

dri inu. kirge met bui 26r

Kitad

Kitad

Kitad to(alaqui astir 2r

Kitad sg-dr 35v

Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

Kitad-tur 2r

Kitad-un

qara Kitad-un oron 2r

Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron 2r

qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r

1812
WORD INDEX

Kitad-un astir 2r

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neret sudur 2v

qutu(tu Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v

Kitad-un to(ain 3r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v

qara Kitad-un to(ain 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r

(ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r

kbegn

kbegn

bertegin kbegn iles iledk 2r

kbegn trbes 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v,

26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v,

30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v

kbegn okin trbes 31v

er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn qula(uu amu 23v

kbegn qurimlabasu 24v

nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu 24v

qooridur kgsen kmn kbegn qula(au amu 24v

nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar 27r

kbegn ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu 34r

kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r

1813
WORD INDEX

kbegn okin-i neyiilebes ablabasu 36r

Burvasad Udarisad-dur kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r

em-e kbegn kiged. ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

tngri-yin vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek

qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v

irken met amara( kbegn kk 42r

kbegn olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v

kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v

kbegn trmi 52v

ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v

kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad 54v

kbegn gen keregri 54v

kbegn ainar delgerek 57v

kbegn-dr

kbegn-dr ger baribasu 34r

kbegn-e

kbegn-e ger baribasu 21v, 35r

kbegn-e mi gbes 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v

kbegn-e mi l gki 53v

kbegn-e ner-e gbes 46v

kbegn-i

1814
WORD INDEX

engkri kbegn-i teigebes 28r, 35r

kbegn-i saki(i 30v

kbegn-i bey-e-[y]i turi modun-iyar ime 30v

engkri kbegn-i (ada(i (ar(abasu 44r

kbegn-iyer

gken ari(un kbegn-iyer suu ali-yu(an takiu 24r

kbegn-

kbegn- mi gbes 27r

kdel-

kdelbes

(aar kdelbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v,

28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r,

32r, 37r

kdelk

yeke kii kdelk 27v

kdelge-

kdelgebes

iroi kdelgebes 42r

kdelge

Baras edr-<y>i klgelen kdelge 2r

Kgeler

1815
WORD INDEX

Kgeler

Kgeler (sara) 19r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v

Kgeler-n

Mong(ol-dur Kgeler-n sar-a 19r

kgemei

kgemei

meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r

kgerge

kgerge

kgerge talbibasu 12r, 47v

kgerge met 59v

kke

kke 52v

kke morin

kke boro mori 5r

kke morin unau 23v

kke na(ur 39v

luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r

kke arai-du kmn 23v, 24v

kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn kmn 22r

1816
WORD INDEX

kke kegiri 23v

kke bein 41r

kke luu 49r, 49r, 49r

kke-ber

qubad kke-ber ime 23v

kke-

kkemi

Mig sara ebesn- ndsn kkemi 2r

kkege

kkege

kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r

kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r

kl

kl

kl morin

kl morin unuu 23r

Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban kl met bui 32r

kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v

kl-dr 52v

a(an baras-un kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

kke luu-yin kl-dr mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

1817
WORD INDEX

kl-iyer

egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r

klge

klge-yi

yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr 34v

klgele-

klgelen

Baras edr-<y>i klgelen kdelge 2r

knde-

knde

erket (aar buu knde 34v

(aar buu knde 58v

kndebes

erket (aar buu knde. kndebes 34v

(aar kndebes 36r, 36r, 37r, 37r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v,

42v, 44r, 58v, 58v

kndek

(aar l kndek 35v

krge

krge

in-e krge tatabasu 36r

1818
WORD INDEX

krngge

krngge

tariyan-u krngge (aar oroba 10r

tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu 46v

krngge saaqu [=sauqu] 48r

kser

kser-e

kser-e qoorqu 55v, 56r

ktel-

ktelgsen

a(an noqai ktelgsen [. . .] kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v

ktelgi

ktelgi

beri ktelgi 52v

kun Chinese kun trigram (see Williams, Chinese symbolism and art motifs, 149).

kun-dur

kun-dur uira(san beri bgde sayin buyan keig bari(san beri bui

sayin 54r

k(n)

kn

kn tegs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v

1819
WORD INDEX

kn tegs-n a( 22v, 23r

Naran odun kn tegs-n a( 21v

kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r

ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges 39r

kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r

k-t

yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r

(yeke) kt bolumui 40r, 42v

kt ile iledbes 45r

(al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r

kisn

kisn-e

kisn-e rglide okistai ir(aqu 52v

kiten

kiten

kiten segder unau ebesn qubaraqui a( 16r

kiten-

kiten- a(ur oromui 17r

yeke kiten- a( bolumui 17r

kis

kis-n

1820
WORD INDEX

qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v

kgn

kgn

ma(u kgn (arqu 56r

kgn-dr

sara ba(-a bges buru(u to(ola. kgn-dr dumda sayin 52v

kgn-ee

sara yeke bges kgn-eeb to(ola 52v

kli-

kliki

albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar 27v

klil

klil

beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang tayiqu itgen eke. lii klil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r

klil-d

klil-d ma(u 53r

kmn

kmn 27r, 55r

tarnii kmn 4v

emi otai kmn 4v

1821
WORD INDEX

aq-a yeke kmn 4v

egerde qalan morin una(san ba. bombo kmn 4v

ula(an debelt kmn 4v

toyin kmn 4v

noyan kmn 5r

niglt kmn 5r

dooridu ma(u kmn 5r

bombo kmn 5r

qara kmn 5r

menekii met qara kmn 5r

nigen kmn 24r

qoyar kmn 23r, 26r

(urban kmn 28v

drben kmn 31r

ber-e obo(-tan drben kmn 27r

tabun kmn 22r, 24r, 26v

ir(u(an kmn 25r, 25r, 26r

dolo(an kmn 27r, 29r

isn kmn 22v, 26r, 27v

nkgesn debelt kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu isn

kmn 22r

1822
WORD INDEX

a(an segeret qara noqai-tai deged doorad glegi em-e kmn 22r

belbesn qatun kmn 22v

kmn kbes 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v, 41v

eliy-e da(a(san kmn 22v

temri ba bandi ba bombo teyim nigen kmn 22v

em-e kmn 23r

do(alang eremdeg kmn 23v

kke arai-du kmn 23v

bandi kmn 23v

nigen band'i kmn 24r

ara ken kmn 24r

qong(or morin unu(san ala( noqai-tai teyim kmn 24v

belbesn em-e kmn 25r

doron-a g-n kmn 25v

aqa deg qoyar kmn 25v, 30r

uru( tasura(san kmn 26r

umara g-n band'i ba bombo kmn 26r

tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar 26r

i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar 26v

belbesn em-e kmn bk (aar bariqu na(idar 29v

baras met kmn 27v

1823
WORD INDEX

ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun iledbes 28v

nin kmn 28v

geigen-dr tgenet kmn 29v

tariyan taribasu aq-a kmn- iles-dr sayin 30r

umara g-n usun eteged-ee kmn 30v

emn-e g-n kmn 31r

ma(u kmn trbes yeke beligt [=biligt] bolumui 31v

yasun (ar(abasu mn sarada kmn kk 40r

beri ba(ul(abasu qoyar kmn kk 41r

ger baribasu tabun kmn ky 43r

i(ulilabasu kmn kk 60r

qan kmn iles btk 45v

in-e qa(al(-a igbes kmn l oroqu 48r

qulu(an-a [etc.] ilt kmn 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r

qorin-a olan kmn ma(u sedkek 56r

debel tlebes okin kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu 57v

kmn-d

toyin kmn ba qong(or morin unu(san ba qonin ada(ula(san ba ai

ina(san ba qoyar yaba(an ker unu(sun ba. ese bges ni(ur-tur sorbi

mengge ba nidn-d gem-d kmn-d jol(aqui 4v

kgsen kmn-d buyan iledbes 31r

1824
WORD INDEX

kmn-dr 27r

tarnii kmn ba. emi otai kmn ba. ese bges keger-e moritu

kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v

aq-a yeke kmn ba a(an mori una(san ba a(an debel emsgsen ba

a(an noqai ktelgsen ba egei kmn-dr ol(uqu 4v

ker unu(san ba. qara morin unu(san. ba menekii met qara kmn ba

ese bges qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e kmn-dr ol(aqu 5r

qur-a ese orobasu kmn-dr ebedin bolu(ad yeke salkin bolqu 15r

(aar kdelbes kmn-dr ma(u 28r

kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r

kgsen kmn-dr buyan iledbes 32r

(uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun 33r

kmn-e

em-e kmn-e tusa keyibesu 15r

kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes 26v

kmn-e erggdek 29r

eremdeg ebgen emegen ba. bandi bombo kmn-e temdegt mal

(ada(i (ar(abasu 31r

kmn-e adu(usun gbes 36v

kmn-e ed mal gbes 36v

kgsen kmn-e ya(um-a kibes 44r

1825
WORD INDEX

kmn-ee

qan kmn-ee ola abubasu 47v

arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk 53v

kmn-i

qatun kmn-i asarabasu 23r

kke irai-du kmn-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v

Savadai na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar 28v

kmn-i erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r

geg kmn-i bayan bol(a- 32v, 33r, 33v

nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i 33r, 33v

bayan kmn-i gegreglegi 33r, 33v

bayan kmn-i geyireglgi odun 59r

r-e gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun 33r

qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i 33r, 33v

ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun 33v, 33v

balai kmn-i nidt[e]i bol(a(i 33v

takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i 33v

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi 34r

qan kmn tr kk odun 59r

nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i odun 59r

qula(ayii kmn-i eriglbes 36r

1826
WORD INDEX

in-e kmn-i l asaraqu ba gerte l oro(ulqu edr 53v

arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk 53v

Morin edr kmn-i l qariyaqu aniqu 57v

kmn-iyer

tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu 23v

kmn-lge

bombo kmn ba qara kmn ba. ese bges qara morin unu(san ba.

usu egrgsen kmn-lge ol(aqu 5r

kimusun x nayitabasu amara( kmn-lu(-a ol(oqu 57v

kmn-

mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi 5r

kmn- ngge

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a

kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui. tanibasu

edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge

tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 25v, 30v

kmn- yasun bulabasu 32r

nr drben-d kmn[-] yasun (ar(abasu 24v

r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r

1827
WORD INDEX

er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn 23v

qooridur kgsen kmn[-] kbegn 24v

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr 27r

aqu kmn- aliba iled 31r

kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i 33v

kgsen kmn-i [=kmn-] yasun (ar(abasu 35v

do(in iles iledbes ileddgi kmn- amin nasun oqor bolumui 39r

em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun egdeki 53r

da-dur ucira(san beri kmn- yasun bari(san beri bui 54r

bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi. kmn- bey-e-d. noqai

terigt [. . .] 55r

sn kir(abasu yeke kmn- kele aman bolqu 57v

abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v

kndle-

kndlebes

oid-i kndlebes 29r

degeds-<y>i kndlebes 30r, 34v

kndeleki

toyin quvara(-un-yi [=quvara(-ud-i] kndeleki [. . .] iles 61r

kndlegde-

kndlegdek

1828
WORD INDEX

keriy-e kegbes kndlegdek oid irek 57v

kr-

krbes

ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r

kr

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr 6r

krk

ba(i on-du l krk 41r

krtel-e/krtele

arban tabun krtel-e 13r

arban nigen sar-aa tabun sara krtel-e sayin 37v

naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e 38v

isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e 38v

arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e 38v

arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e 38v

arban tabun-aa. qaburun es sarayin arban tabun krtele 56v

krgsen

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r

krmi

(aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r

a(un amin-dur krmi 47v

1829
WORD INDEX

krdn

krdn

a(-un krdn 1v, 3r

odun na(idar-un krdn 2r

arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn 7v

uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek krdn ene bui 21r

tabun odun-u dri inu tergen- krdn met bui 25v

krdn ori(ulqui tul(-a bolqui 38v

drben terign sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

drben es sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n sayin

ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v

tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-yi ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v

arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-nsayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r

arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

nigen il okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui 51r

il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui 52r

1830
WORD INDEX

tngri-yin noqai-yin krdn 52v

kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r

drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r

krdn-dr

a(-un krdn-dr 2r, 3r, 11r

(urban krdn-dr egdeki 48v

krdn-i

ene (urban krdn-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v

krdn-

a(-un krdn- abig talbi(san sayin a( 10r

a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45v

krdin

krdin-dr

(Enedk[e]g-n) a(-un krdin-dr (ebln es Mig sara [etc.]) 8r, 9r,

10r, 10r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

kreng

kreng 52v

krgegi

krgegi-yin

krgegi-yin terign 52v

krgen

1831
WORD INDEX

krgen

krgen sgdbes 23v

kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r

krgen-ee

krgen-ee b to(ala 51v, 51v, 60r

kri

kri

drbelin kri odun 59r

kriy-e

kriy-e

kriy-e deledbes 31v

kriy-e baribasu 42v

asar kriy-e baribasu 46v

kriy-e-d

bariy-a kriy-e-d uaraqu 50r

kriyelegl-

kriyelegl

naiman ayima(-ud-ud terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r

arban qoyar gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

sni dli drben a(-iyan-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

1832
WORD INDEX

gara(-ud-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

ekiner-n ayima(-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl . . . i(ulumui 38v

naiman ayima(-ud kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v

ya(as-un ayima(-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur

i(ulumui 38v

erlig-d-iyer kriyelegl edr dli-ee sni krtel-e i(ulumui 38v

krmeli

krmeli

yasutu menekei-yin krmeli 60r

krte-

krtebes

ebedin krtebes 40r, 42v

krteki

qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

krtey

luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v

ada-du krtey 50r

1833
WORD INDEX

kse-

ksebes

ir(alang-<y>i ksebes 1v

ksel

ksel

ksel bt- 38r, 45v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 58v

ksel uaraqu 49v

ksel-iyen

ksel-iyen btk 49v, 49v

ksel-iyer

ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v

k sang

k sang negebes 22v, 36r, 37r

k sang-un ger baribasu 25v

k sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r

k sang bari(i odun 59r

kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab]

isgarma gzangdang ildanbala kyagvasolab [=pyagvasolab] 32r

lausan/luvasan

1834
WORD INDEX

lausan-u 59r

luvas[a]n-u 59r

li

li

li un

qoyitu on li un 7r

lii

lii

Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin

Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v

lii klil

lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52v

lii-dr

lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu (ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri bui.

ma(u. mo(ai morin ilt beri-dr lemi ma(u 54r

lingquu-a

lingquu-a

(urban odun-u dri inu lingquu-a met bui 32r

lingquu-a met 59v

lungru

lungru

1835
WORD INDEX

lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r

luu

luu 53v

Luu sara 10r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

uu luu sara 7v

king luu sara 7v

im luu sara 7v

a luu sara 7v

bing luu sara 7v

Tbed-dr Luu sara 10r

Luu a( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v

uu luu a( 7v

king luu a( 7v

im luu a( 7v

a luu a( 7v

bing luu a(

Luu edr 8r, 9r, 11r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 19r, 34v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r,

42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53v, 53v, 57v, 58v,

60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

1836
WORD INDEX

Luu il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

luu ilt 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

luu ilten 54r, 54v

Luu (aar

itgen- eke Luu (aar 18r

luu medeki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v

Luu sara mn- tula. belge inu a(ur oroqui-dur luu dong(oddumui 10r

luu-yin

luu-yin qutu( mr (arbasu sayin 49r

kke luu-yin 49r, 49r

kke luu-yin terign-dr mr (arbasu sayin 49r

Luuq-a

Luuq-a

Luuq-a odun

Luuq-a odun Modun odun qoyar kei bui 45v

luus

luus-ud

luus-ud-un

luus-ud qad

1837
WORD INDEX

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

luus-un

luus-un qad

arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r

Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r

luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r

okin trbes erketen-dr uaraqu luus-un qad adalamui 26v

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r

luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r

luvas

[see under lausan]

ma(ad

ma(ad 32r

ma(ad degeds-n erge-dr oroqu mai sayin 24r

1838
WORD INDEX

ma(u

[see also muu]

ma(u 5r, 13r, 19r, 21v, 22v, 22v, 23r, 26r, 26r, 26r, 26v, 27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 27v,

27v, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v,

30v, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 32r, 33r, 33v,

34v, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 36v,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 39r, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v,

42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r,

48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 52r, 52r, 52v, 52v,

53v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v,

57r, 58r, 58v, 60v, 61v

sayin ma(u 46v

saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin ma(u ai r-e

inu l bty 4r

odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui 33r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un

sayin ma(u uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45r

1839
WORD INDEX

ede gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i

eyin uqa(daqui 45v

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au

biisgei 46r

ma(u-yi 21r, 46r, 48r, 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v

qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin

ma(u-yi belgelemi 8r

qorin nigen-e r-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 9r

arban isn-ebuuday-yin sayin ma(u-[y]i belgelemi 10r

arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi glesgei 34r

edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin

ma(u-yi biisgei 44r

ma(u-yin

il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v

ma(ui

ma(ui, 23v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v, 29r, 30r, 31v, 33r, 33v, 33v, 33v, 33v, 57v

mr (arbasu ma(ui 22r, 24v

Mahagala

[see under Maqagala]

Mahauvari

Mahauvari

1840
WORD INDEX

Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud>

terigten-iyer kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse

i(ulqui-dur inu 38r

Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v

mal

mal

ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v

ed mal ibqarabasu 22v, 24v, 25r, 25v, 26r, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v,

30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v

ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v

mal adu(usun buu g 26r

mal ada(usun abubasu 26v

ed mal abubasu 27v, 31r

mal gbes 28r, 32r, 34v, 36r, 36v

mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 29r

mal qudaldubasu 29v

ed mal abubasu 30r

temdegt mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 31r

mal adu(usun gbes 31v

ed mal gbes 31v

1841
WORD INDEX

mal in-e kebtein-e kebteglbes 35v, 36v, 36v

mal srglebes 37r

mal adu(usun idegen (ada(i (ar(abasu 43r

ed mal gbes abubasu 43v

qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r

mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( 25r

ed mal olqu 50r

mal ibqaqu 50v

ed mal aldaqu 50v, 50v

ede deged beri bui r-e mal delgerek sayin 52r

ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r

ed mal l (ar(amui 60v

mal-i

mal-i ber-e sal(abasu 36v

mala(-a

mala(-a

in-e mala(-a buu ems 34v

in-e mala(-a l emsk 57r

malta-

maltabasu

altan maltabasu 34v

1842
WORD INDEX

maltaqu

quddug l maltaqu 57r

man

man

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

man dgrgi edr 36r

mana(ar

mana(ar 4v, 6v, 23v

manda-

mandaqui

naran mandaqui-dur 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v

mandal

mandal

(al mandal tle- 10r, 39r, 61v

mandal irubasu 23r

dayisun-i kesegeki mandal egdbes 31v

(urbalin mandal egdbes 31v

dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu kemebes 37v

mandal kibes 42r

mang(us

1843
WORD INDEX

mang(us

tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigten 38v

tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud 38v

manglai

manglai

kke irai-du kmn-i qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli e 42v

Manjuari

Manjuari 1v, 1v, 2v

deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id-aa sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi

oro(ulu(ad deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id blam-a

Manjuari-dur mrgmi 1v

burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g in 2r

Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r

Enedk[e]g-ee ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r

odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen

bolai 2v

maqabud

maqabud 59v

temr maqabud 54r

modun maqabud 54r

1844
WORD INDEX

usun maqabud 54r

maqabud-iyar

qorin naiman na(idar-yi tabun maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r

maqabud-un

drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral . . . okiyasu(ai 45r

beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r

Maqagala/Mahagala

Maqagala

Maqagala ba(uqu edr 46v

ede edd Mahagala kiged rduvrma duvngli kibes sayin 47r

Maqagala-yin

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r

Maq-a mayai

Maq-a mayai

burqan bodis[n]g-nar a(-un krdn ba. Jagr-a sambur-a terigten

kiged Maq-a mayai Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur

nom'la(san 1v

mar(ada

mar(ada-yin

mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v

Margiar

1845
WORD INDEX

Margiar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 59r,

59v, 60v

Margiar sara

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar

Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr

inelemi 3r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln terign Margiar

sar-a 18r

Margiar na(idar

o(tar(ui-tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r

Margiar na(idar kemebes a(ui yeke na(idar bui 25v

qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu 33v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .]

Modun odun Margiar qoyar 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui.

[. . .] Modun odun Margiar qoyar 45r

Aivani Burnavasu Suvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r

Margaar Ardar qoyar qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v

basa mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes Margaar [. . .] sayin 48v

1846
WORD INDEX

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] Margaar [. . .]

sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Margiar [. . .] sayin 51r

Margiar [. . .] beri ba(ul(aqu-du sayin 53r

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Margaar [. . .]sayin 55v

em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .]Margaar [. . .] sayin 56r

biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu.

[. . .]Margasar [. . .]sayin 56v

Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

Margiar-tur

Margaar-dur amu(ulang nuta bolumui 37v

mai

mai

mai sayin 24r, 35r, 38r, 38r, 39v, 44v, 50r, 52v, 52v, 57r, 57v, 60v

mai ma(u 41v, 50r, 53v

ai r-e inu mai yeke bol[u]yu 38r

tere mai qata(uu do(in-u tulada. ayila(daqui 43r

Modun odun mai mergen bolqu 56v

mai okilan 61r

1847
WORD INDEX

mai tbin 61v

maida

maida

irken-e maida ir(aqu 52r

matar

matar

matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

matar-un

Matar-un ger

naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san 19r

matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni 39r

mede-

medebes 5r

na(idar-yi endegre ese medebes 4v

medegid 47v

(aar kdelbes astir medegid-e ma(u 30v

medegdek 4r, 51r

terigten-i medegdek-yin itgen 2r

a(-yi medegdeki tegsbe 6r

gn-e onou medegdeki 34r

mede

1848
WORD INDEX

taulai mede 9r

medek 3r, 4v, 5r, 7v, 37v,

deged medek-yin nigleski 1v

odun na(idar-i l medek bges 4v

edr-n odun-i medek bolai 5r

qamu( amitan-i to(alau medek-yin tula 55r

medeki 4v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 56v

qono( tasura(san-i medeki kereg 4v

a(-yi iledte medeki inu 5v

luu medeki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v

meden

saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu 4r

medesgei 6v

a(-un il(al-yi medesgei kemebes 5r

meks

meks

meks 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

1849
WORD INDEX

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v

tere gara( tegs inu sayin. meks inu dumda ebderek ba(uram

qoyar-du aliba iles l iledk 24v

geige-dr meks dumda 52v

menekei/meneki/menekii

meneki/menekii

menekii met qara kmn 5r

qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r

yasutu meneki met 59v

menekey-yin/meneki-yin

yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r

yasutu menekey-yin krmeli 60r

mengge

mengge

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v

merged

merged

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a egdeki buyu 2v

Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged a(-un krdn terigten

sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r

1850
WORD INDEX

kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v

merged-n

Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal 4r

mergen

mergen

eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar

nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r

iles-dr mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad

aliba-yi ila(u(i tegs leyit boluyu 25v

kbegn trbes gen-dr mergen bolu(ad 27v

Modun odun mai mergen bolqu 56v

arban tabun-a yosun medeki mergen uqa(atu bolumui 56v

mese

mese

mese keyibes 16r

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r

ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v

mese met 59v

mese-dr

burqan-u ein mese-dr ky 34v

Mig

1851
WORD INDEX

Mig 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 37r, 37r,

45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 59r, 59v, 60v, 60v, 61v

Mig na(idar 27r

Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r

Mig sara

Mig sara ebesn- ndsn kkemi 2r

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r, 3r

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr ebln es Mig sara 8r

takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i Mig buyu 33v

o(tu yeke a(an Mig buyu 34r

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden (al

bui 61r

minu

minu

minu odun ali bui 32v

miq-a

miq-a

miq-a l idek 58r

miq-a-yi

miq-a-yi mungnau 22r

1852
WORD INDEX

miq-a-yi l idek 58r

miqai

miqai

miqai a(an

miqai a(an-dur yasun buu (ar(-a 33v

miqai a(an Jayitari buyu 34r

miqai a(an odun 59r

miqai gebri-yin odun 59r

modun

modu

isn il modu 50v

Modu (odun) 55v

modun 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 48v, 61r

Modun odun 2r, 2r, 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r, 10r, 10r,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v,

38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v,

50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v

modun erlig 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad

1853
WORD INDEX

qoiyalamui 9r

modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan

teigemi 14r

modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r

modun iig taribasu 35v, 36r

tariyan modun taribasu 37r 47v

modun inar 23r

modun mir-iyer dokin 24v

tul(-a-yin modun met 26v

modun met 59v, 59v, 59v

qada ila(un-aa modun (ar(an idamu 32v

modun buu o(tol 34v

modun o(talun negbes 36v

sayin iles iledbes ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali

bolumui 44v

a(ula-aa modun eribes l oldaqu 47v

modun (okimui 48r

modun maqabud 54r

(altu tor(on ergiki modun odun 59r

oi modun o(talqui 61v

modun-i

1854
WORD INDEX

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes 6r

modun-iyar

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu 5v

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r

bey-e-i turi modun-iyar ime 30v

modun-u

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder 6r

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r

modun-u inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 22r

modun-u gara( bky-yin tula modun inar bui 23r

modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 23v, 24v

doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r

mo(ai

mo(ai

Mo(ai sara 11r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin tula arban drben inu

arban tabun bolumui 3v

gi mo(ai sara 7v

in mo(ai sara 7v

ki mo(ai sara 7v

1855
WORD INDEX

ii mo(ai sara 7v

ding mo(ai sara 7v

Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a 11r

Mo(ai a( 42r, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v

gi mo(ai a( 7v

in mo(ai a( 7v

ki mo(ai a( 7v

ii mo(ai a( 7v

ding mo(ai a( 7v

Mo(ai (aar-a 10r

Mo(ai edr 8r, 8r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 16r, 17r, 19r, 34v, 42r, 42v, 42v,

42v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r, 53v, 56r, 57v, 58v,

59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v

Mo(ai il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v,

55v, 55v, 58v

mo(ai ilten 53r, 54v

mo(ai ilt 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

mo(ai ner-e ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v

mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v

1856
WORD INDEX

Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr orkimui 11r

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin terign met bui 27r

qara mo(ai im ki 41r

kmn- bey-e-d. noqai terigt. (aqai qoi(utu. iba(un igrt

kimusutu. mo(ai seglt qar-a ngge-d Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e

egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r

mo(ay-yin 59r, 59r, 59r, 59r

mo(ay-yin terign met 59v

Mong(ol

Mong(ol

Mong(ol Tabun sara 12r

mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen

ungimui 35v

Mong(ol-dur

Mong(ol-tur Qubi sara kemem 8r

Mong(ol-dur Qoyar sara 9r

Mong(ol-tur 'urban sara 10r

Mong(ol-dur. Drben sar-a 11r

Mong(ol-dur ir(u(an sara 13r

Mong(ol-dur Dolo(an sar-a 14r

1857
WORD INDEX

Mong(ol-dur Naiman sara 15r

Mong(ol-dur Isn sara 16r

Mong(ol-tur Arban nigen sar-a 18r

Mong(ol-dur Kgeler-n sar-a 19r

mong(olil-

mong(olilbasu

mong(olilbasu odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r

mordo-/morda-

morda

erig mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v

erig mordobasu edr dli morda 23r

ereg mordobasu erte mana(ar morda 23v

ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r

erig buu morda 34v, 55r

mordaqu

ireg mordaqu edr 48v

mordaqui

ireg mordaqui 46r

mordobasu

erig mordobasu 9r, 21v, 22r, 23r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 26v, 26v,

29r, 29v, 34r, 35r, 35r, 41r, 44r, 45r, 61v

1858
WORD INDEX

bayiri-dur ken urida mordobasu 22v

irig ayan mordabasu 42r

erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

mordo(ul

mordo(ulsu(ai

ede a(tur mordo(ul-su(ai 51r

mori(n)

mori(n)

Morin sara 2v, 3v, 12r, 12r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Morin il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v,

58v

morin ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

morin ilten 54v

Mori(n) edr 10r, 12r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 34v, 37v, 42r, 46v, 47v,

48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57v,

58v, 59v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Morin a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 53v

a(an mori una(san 4v

igerde morin 22v

egerde qalan morin una(san 4v

1859
WORD INDEX

igerde morin unuu 21v

qong(or morin unu- 4v, 24v, 24v

kke boro mori unu(san 5r

kke morin unau 23v

qara morin unu- 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v

kl morin unuu 23r

king morin sara 7v

im morin sara 7v

a morin sara 7v

bing morin sara 7v

uu morin sara 7v

king morin a( 7v

im morin a( 7v

a morin a( 7v

bing morin a( 7v

uu morin a( 7v

morin ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r

morin (aar 12r

1860
WORD INDEX

morin qudaldubasu 25r, 31r, 31r, 31v

a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r

qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu 25r

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31v, 34v

a(al morin sur(abasu 29r

morin dobtulbasu 22v, 23v, 30v, 31v, 35r

morin buu dobtul 33v, 34r

morin inilebes 27v

morin gbes 31v

drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v

(urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui 32r

morin (inu) ky 34r, 35r

erekei-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin unuu 39v

morin met 59v

morin-dur

morin-dur ma(u 41r

morin-u 59r, 59r

unuqu morin-u s 52v

morin-u terign met 59v

moritu

keger-e moritu kmn-dr ol(oqu 4v

1861
WORD INDEX

me/i

edr sni-yin a( mi-yin qubi terigten-i 2v

il sara mi-yin a(ur 4r

iran da(un nigen me. (uin mi nigen qubi (uin qubi nigen qono( 5r

ir(u(an amisqaquy-i nigen me iran mi nigen qubi nigen qubi-dur nigen

dusul

qoyar qubi nigen tediken kememi. iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono(

bolumui 5v

ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v

mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an edr ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v

nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun inu nigen edr qoyar sni-

dr a(un mi buyu 6r

nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui 6r

qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

qoyitu drben mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v

a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar okin tngri 32v

tngri (aar-un on sara edr a( me 55r

mir [n. twig; small branch of a tree];

modun mir-iyer dokin (adquldubasu 24v

mn 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 40r, 51v

1862
WORD INDEX

mn tere sara 4r

mn egn-ee eregdeki 7r

mn- tula 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

mndr

mndr oro(ulbasu 32r

mndr buu oro(ul 34v

mndr oro(ulqui terigten aliba do(in ile iledbes 39r

mngg

altan mngg qudaldubasu 26r

mr

mr 51v

nara sara mr tgerek 4r

oliy-a mr 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

mr (arbasu 22r, 24v, 25v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v,

29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 35v,

35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 43v, 46v, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r, 54r

mal adu(usun-u ke[i]g uqa( mr (arbasu 25r

i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar 26v

mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes 48v

1863
WORD INDEX

drben terign sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

drben es sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n

sayin ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v

tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-yi ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v

arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn

ene bui 50r

arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (araqu jg-n ek krdn

okin-u mr (arqu edr kemebes 54r

beri mr (arqu g kemebes 54r

qola mr l (arqu 57v

yabuqu mr-dr talbiu 24r

mr btgek-yin urida 41r

tngri-yin mr kemek edr 49r

qara mr-d bolunam 52v

leyit mr 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r

(asalang-un mr 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r

mr ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v

1864
WORD INDEX

i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r

mrg-

mrggl-

mrggl

(al-du/r mrggl 54r, 54r, 54r

ker qonin ilt okin-i takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl 53v

mrgglbes

(al-dur mrgglbes 53v, 54r

mrgglk

beri (al-du mrgglk a( kemebes 53v

mrgmi

blam-a Manjuari-dur mrgmi 1v

odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r

mrin [for mren; n. large river or lake];

in-e ba qa(uin ong(oa mrin-e buu oro(ul buu getlge 35v

Mul

Mul 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 52r, 53r,

56r, 59r, 59v

Mul na(idar

Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u [=albin-u] na(idar bui 29v

geg kmn-i bayan bol(a(i Mul buyu 33v

1865
WORD INDEX

yer r-e tasulu(i Mul buyu 34r

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 37v

[. . .] Mul [. . .] odun edr qutu( oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad

buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v

Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui 37v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .]

Usun odun Mul qoyar 45r

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu. Naran odun Mul qoyar 45r

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede

dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v

Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] Mul [. . .] sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Mul [. . .] odun sayin 51r

Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui. iles bgde-d

ma(u kememi 60v

drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar. 61r

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v

1866
WORD INDEX

mungna-

mungnau

miq-a-yi mungnau 22r

mungqa(

mungqa(

baras mungqa( 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, [16v], 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

mungqa( bolu(ad bayan bolqu 26r

kbegn trbes mungqa( bged usun-dur kk aya(atu bui 31r

kbegn okin trbes mungqa( ba qulu(ayii bolumui 31v

muu

[see also under ma(u]

muu

ebesn tegbes muu 42r

nabi

nabi

qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r

in-e nabi uquyiqui 3r

eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar

1867
WORD INDEX

nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu 5r

(aar-tur qamu( nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r

na(ad-

na(adbasu

na(addun na(adbasu 35r

na(adum/na(addun/na(adun

na(adum/na(addun

taiyang(ui yeke na(adum inggeldki 28v

na(adun inggeldn ir(abasu 31r

na(addun na(adbasu 35r

na(addun inggeki 46r

na(adun-iyar

Mahauvari terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v

na(idar

na(idar 56v

Bus na(idar 2v

na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v

edr-n (ada(adu na(idar 3v

mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v

odun na(idar 4r, 37v, 42r, 46r

1868
WORD INDEX

nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg 4v

odun na(idar uirabasu 37v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu(

oroi(san-u uaral bolumui 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral

bolumui 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr

bolumui 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45r

ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r

ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi

sayitur inilegdeki 4r

sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui medek kereg 4v

isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui 25r

ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v

Margiar na(idar kemebes a(ui yeke na(idar bui 25v

tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar bui 26r

biqar qangin-u iruqai-tur to(alaqui na(idar 26r

1869
WORD INDEX

Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru( tasura(san na(idar kemey 26r

i(ulin kmn mr (arqu na(idar bui 26v

Bus na(idar kemebes tegs leyit na(idar bui 26v

nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r

(rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar bui 27r

Mig na(idar kemebes ske-dr adali bui 27r

albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar bui 27v

Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai met na(idar 27v

ariyatan-u snesn na(idar kemey ula(an gebri qakiraqu

kemey 27v

Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar kemey 27v

qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu na(idar kemey 28r

Qasta na(idar kemebes qurdun yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r

erlig-n inu-a gik na(idar kemey 28r

Savadai na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar 28v

tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar kemey 28v

ua( na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r

ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar kemey 29r

emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r

belbesn em-e kmn bk (aar bariqu na(idar kemey 29v

ista na(idar kemebes im[n]us-un na(idar bui 29v

1870
WORD INDEX

do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar kemey 29v

Mul na(idar kemebes alban-u na(idar bui 29v

quya( ems'ki na(idar kemey 30r

Burvasad na(idar kemebes erketen- na(idar bui 30r

timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v

Abiji na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar bui 30v

kl-n na(idar bui 30v

irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v

emegen- snesn na(idar 31v

Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban kl met bui 32r

umara g-n usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an na(idar

iroy-yin inar bui 45v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v

Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede dolo(an

na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig

abqui sayin 56v

1871
WORD INDEX

li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v

na(idar-a

na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r

na(idar-i

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v

tegni qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei 3v

aliba odun na(idar-<y>i endegre ese medebes 4v

odun na(idar-i l medek bges tegni medeki ar(-a inu 4v

edr-n odu-yi medebes na(idar-<y>i tegber medek bolai 5r

na(idar-<y>i eilek-yin ner-e ene bui 59r

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu 60v

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i tabun maqabud-iyar il(abasu 61r

na(idar-iyar

Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r

Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r

Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r

ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r

ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r

Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r

Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r

Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r

1872
WORD INDEX

Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r

Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r

Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r

Bus na(idar-iyar r geyim 19r

Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen 32v

na(idar-lu(-a

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu

uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek krdn ene bui 21r

na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i ek 46v

na(idar-tu

Bus na(idar-tu trgi 2r

na(idar-tur

Kerteg na(idar-tur burqan takibasu 25r

Rkini na(idar-tur in-e debel abubasu 25r

Ardar na(idar-tur burqan btgebes 26r

Asli( na(idar-tur eliy-e ldebes 27r

Jayitari na(idar-tur im[n]us btgebes 28r

Anurad na(idar-tur mr (arbasu 29r

Udarisad na(idar-tur burqan-i takibasu 30r

Tanista na(idar-tur mr (arbasu 31r

Sadabis na(idar-tur aliba ola eribes 31r

1873
WORD INDEX

Burvabadaribad na(idar-tur beri ba(ul(abasu 31r

Udarbadaribad na(idar-tur subur(-a bosqabasu 31v

Rivadai na(idar-tur ger baribasu 31v

Auvani na(idar-tur in-e debel okiyabasu 32r

na(idar-un

odun na(idar-un krdn 2r

odun ba na(idar-un uaral 2v

yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un

neres-iyer nereyidk 3r

qorin naiman na(idar-un yabudal 24v

doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r

na(idar-un sayin 37v

gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v

na(idarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r

beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r

na(idar-un ner-e 59r

na(idar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud ene bui 59v

na(idar-a

na(idar-a

Enedk[e]g-n keleber. na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r

na(ur

1874
WORD INDEX

na(ur

kke na(ur 39v

luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna

Nagajun-a/Nagajuna

Nagajun-a ba(i

Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged a(-un krdn terigten

sudur-tur nomlauqui 3r

Nagajuna ba(i nomlaba 4r

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr(arqu edr-n

sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn bui 49v

arli( nom kiged Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal inu busu

buyu kemebes. b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek kiged il sara

mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r

Nagajun-a-yin

arban qoyar itn barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee

Nagajun-a-yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v

naiman

naiman 27r, 38r

naiman ayima( 2v

1875
WORD INDEX

naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui qariqui 2v

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san

(adusun bui 20r

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r

naiman ayima(-ud-<y>i takibasu temeildbes 35r

naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an inu yer drben ekin sarayin

(urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r

Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud

terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r

tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigten bgede Smber

a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari

terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v

isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v

kgeler sara bkli i(ulqui bgetele qorin isn-e sni dli

tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an

buyu 38v

naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui inu 39r

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

naiman me

nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

1876
WORD INDEX

Naiman sara 15r, 15r, 37r, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r

naiman il 41r

naiman odun 59v

li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v

naiman ber-n odun 60v

naiman in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r,

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v, 56v

inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r, 53r, 53r

arban naiman 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r

qorin naiman 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17r,

17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 24v, 32v, 39r, 40v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 53r, 60v, 61r, 61v

naiman-a 56r, 58v

arban naiman-a 39r, 40r, 41v, 44v, 54r, 56r

qorin naiman-a 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r,

56r

namanila-

1877
WORD INDEX

namanilabasu 25v

namur

namur-un

namur-un terign sara

tariyain-tur namurun terign sara 13r

qara Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun terign sar-a 14r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun terign

Burvabadaribad sara 15r

namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r

namur-un dumdadu (sara) 56v

Morin il-dr namurun dumdadu sara qoyar 4r

tariyain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 14r

Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun dumdadu sar-a 15r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun dumdadu Aivani

sara 16r

namurun dumdadu gegreglegi 41r

namur-un es sar-a

tariyain-dur namurun es sar-a 15r

Kitad-un to(ain-dur namurun eus sar-a 16r

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r

namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r

1878
WORD INDEX

qabur namarun a(ur 6r

namurun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

qabur namurun qu(usun ebln til-n edr bolai 59r

nara(n)

nara(n) 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 37v, 38r

nara urbaqui 2v

nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edr sni sau(uu

bolumui 5v

nara ba(u-

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar

Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr

inelemi 3r

ebln naran ba(uqu a( 18r

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui 3r

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono(

tasuraqui 3v

nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v

nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu anu da(usbasu nigen il

bolumui 5v

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an

1879
WORD INDEX

qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r

naran umara g odqui ir(u(an sara sayin bui 37v

nara bayiqu

nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr 6r

basa dngi bolbasu ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr

ulam urtudumui 6r

un-u nara bayiqu egn-ee qoyin-a ulam urtuddumui 6v

un-u naran bayiqu a( 12r

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v

nara sara 55r

b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek 4r

nara sara kirtbes yeke ud bolumui 25v

nara sara kbes 27r, 32r

nara sara kiged isn gara( ba. a( me-yi bari(i (uin qoyar

okin tngri 32v

ginggang kemebes nara sara bari(i do(in gara( kememi 42v

nara ur(u- 42r, 42v

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e 6r

1880
WORD INDEX

luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

ereg mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v

qubi sarayin arban drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38r

qara ingpng giki anu. qubi sarayin Baras bein edr

nara ur(u(san qoyin-a gimi 42r

nara ingge- 42r

nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn-

ngge tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

Naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e ya(as-un

ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur

i(ulumui 38v

isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e naiman ayima(-ud

kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v

arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e ya(as-un

ayima(-iyar kriyelegl nara inggeki a(-tur i(ulumui 38v

naiman ayima(-un-ud [=ayima(-ud-un] qariqui inu qubi sarayin

arban dolo(an arban isn-e nara inggeki-dr qarimui 39r

qoyar sarayin nigen in-e qorin naiman-a nara inggeki-tr

qarimui 39r

nara mandu- 40r, 40r, 40r, 42v, 42v

1881
WORD INDEX

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a naran mandaqui-dur

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

tabun sarayin arban ir(u(an-a nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r

isn sarayin qoyar in-e nara manduqui-dur qarimui 39r

nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun amtatu

bolumui 8r

naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula usun-dur qamu( i(asun gimi 9r

nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san-u tula qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r

nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r

naran Qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula. yirtin-yin qamu( amitan

quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r

Gargada-u [=Gargada-yin] gerdr naran oro(san-u tula yirtin-dr

meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r

naran Arsalan-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki arsalan quraimui 14r

naran Okin-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki

a( bui 15r

naran inglegr-n gertr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-deki dusul terigten-i

inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r

naran Tiler-n gerdr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i alau kiline

iledki a( 17r

naran Numun-u gertr oro(san-u tula yirtin-teki numun qata(uu

1882
WORD INDEX

kt bolumui 18r

naran Matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u tula matar dalai deger-e (arumui 19r

Nara(n) odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v

Naran odun kemebes tngri-nern gara( kemem (al inar bui 21v

ula(an nara 39v

qariqui edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r

im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r

naran-u

Naran-u irken neret sudur

na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret

sudur-lu(-a Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san

okiyabai 2v

narin

narin

narin bo(ol 28r

narin-a

narin-a e- 6v

1883
WORD INDEX

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a egdeki buyu 2v

ai qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r

nasu(n)

nasu

(aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r

nasun 61v

amin nasun

okin gbes amin nasun oqur bolqu 24r

kbegn trbes amin nasun oqor bolqu 29v

do(in iles iledbes iled-dgi kmn- amin nasun

oqor bolumui 39r

raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v

amin nasun btgeki delgereglk 45v

amin nasun aqur bolqu 47v

nasun[-i tarni] uribasu 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r

nasun btgebes 28r, 34v

kbegn trbes ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu 32r

qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse 38r

nasun urtu bolqu iles 45v

nasun urtu bolqu 57v

em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun egdeki 53r

1884
WORD INDEX

nasun-a 53r, 53r

qulu(an-a ilt kmn arban tabu qorin dolo(an (uin ede nasun-a

em-e abubasu ma(u 53r

qorin naiman nasun-a ese kbes iran nasulayu 61v

nasun-aa

qorin nasun-aa nggerebes dalan nasulayu 61v

nasun-i

kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

nasuda

nasuda

tegni medeki-dr nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg 4v

nasula-

nasulaqu

nayan nasulaqu buyu 61r, 61r

nasulayu

qorin naiman nasun-a ese kbes iran nasulayu 61v

qorin nasun-aa nggerebes dalan nasulayu 61v

nayan nasulayu 61v

iran nasulayu 61v

nayan

nayan

1885
WORD INDEX

nayan nasula- 61r, 61r, 61v

nayir

nayir

ger-ee nayir (arbasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v

nayita-

nayitabasu 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v

nege-

nege

sang-un egde buu nege 33v

negebes

k sang negebes 22v, 36r, 37r

sang negebes 36r

negek

sang l negek 35v

negegi

[see also negegegi]

negegi

ke negegi edr 36v

negege-

negegek

sang negegek 48r

1886
WORD INDEX

negegegi

[see also under negegi]

negegegi

mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen

ungimui 35v

negegemel

negegemel

suuli [=sauli] sauqu es( ula(-un negegemel edr 60v

edeger negegemel kemek edr 60v

neg- [v.i. and v.t.; to nomadize; move];

negbes

ger negbes 23v, 32r, 36v

ger negbes 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 36r

negbes 36r

in-e ger-dr orobasu negbes 37r, 37r

modun o(talun negbes 36v

negdel negbes 44r

negk

l negk 35v

1887
WORD INDEX

negdel/negdel

negdel/negdel

yeke negdel yabubasu 41v

negdel negbes 44r

ereg ba negdel buu od 58v

neiged

[see under niiged]

neme-

neme

niiged niiged qubi segder neme 6r

nemek

edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek ba.

ba(uraqu 5v

ed a(urasun nemek 46v

nemey

okin trbes ed adu(usun nemey 25v

buyan keig (sayitur) nemey 37v, 37v, 56r

ner-e

ner-e

mo(ai ner-e ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

1888
WORD INDEX

19v, 19v

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u ner-e bei yama(an-u eber-d dr 21v

ner-e-dr ner-e ggbes 25v

ner-e gbes 26v, 30r, 32r

kbegn-e ner-e gbes 46v

ner-e eribes 35r

na(idar-un ner-e 59r, 59v

na(idar-<y>i eilek-yin ner-e ene bui 59r

sayin ner-e aldariqu 61v

ner-e-dr

ner-e-dr ner-e ggbes 25v

neret

Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur 2v

burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur 2v

lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r

lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r

o( neret ebesn indaralamui 16r

Vim-a neret qatun 33v

bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v

Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r

tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai

1889
WORD INDEX

kemek qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a neret

qoyar odun bui 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a neret

qoyar odun bui 32v

ner-e-yi

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi bii 22r, 23v, 24v

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e-yi iruu 23r

dayisun-i [=dayisun-u] ner-e-yi irubasu 27v, 32r

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur bei 24r

dayisun-u ner-e-yi beibes 27r

ene arban qoyar ner-e-yi tuslan e 50v

neres

neres-iyer

yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer

nereyidk 3r

neyilikil-

neyilikilbes

kegken abun neyilikilbes 36r

neyiile-

neyiilebes

1890
WORD INDEX

kbegn okin-i neyiilebes 36v

kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r

neyilegl-

neyileglbes

em neyileglbes 11v

qoor-a neyileglbes 41v

neyileglki 45v

qoor neyileglki iles 46r

em neyileglki sayin edr 56r

neriyed-

nereyidk

yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer

nereyidk 3r

neyiile-

neyiilebes

kbegn okin(-i) neyiilebes 36r, 37r

neyilikil-

neyilikilbes

kegken abun neyilikilbes 36r

neyilegl-

neyileglbes

1891
WORD INDEX

em neyileglbes 11r

qoor-a neyileglbes 41v

neyileglki

ai( tusa btki neyileglki 45v

qoor neyileglki iles 46r

em neyileglki sayin edr 56r

nid(n)

nidn

Bati bata gik edrn belge inu ala( nidn bui 20v

nidn-dr nidn met qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v

nidn-d

nidn-d gem-d kmn 4v

nidn-dr

nidn-dr r-e sadun delgereged 52v

nidn-dr nidn met qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v

sn kir(abasu nidn-dr qari 57v

nidn-iyen

tegni medeki-dr nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg 4v

nidn-iyer

belge inu nigen nidn-iyer ebes 3v

ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi

1892
WORD INDEX

sayitur inilegdeki 4r

nidtei

balai kmn-i nidt[e]i bol(a(i Anurad buyu 33v

nid-t

(urban nidt drbelin 44r

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin

bui 20v

isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui 25r

nid-

nidbes

em nidbes 36r, 37r

otai-yin em nidbes 35v

ni(u-

ni(uu

modun-u inadu kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 22r

usun-u kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 23r

isn gerte ni(uu amu 22v

ger-n egde umara g qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 23v

rn-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu amu 24r

qo(osun bal(asun-dur qara modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 24v

ni(ua

1893
WORD INDEX

ni(ua

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v

ni(ua-dur

ni(ua-dur r-e-gei bolqu 52v

ni(un

ni(un

ni(un trbes 43r

ni(ur

ni(ur

mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v

nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r

ni(ur ugiya(i 52v

okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu 53v

okin-i ni(ur doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu 53v

okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu 53r

okin-i ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu 53r

ni(ur-aa

qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r

ni(ur-iyan

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v

ni(ur-tur

1894
WORD INDEX

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v

ni(ur-i

beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g kemebes 53v

nige [see nigen]; 5r

niged- [v.t. and v.i.; to unite; harmonize; to be in agreement];

nigedbes

uridu ligsen ir(u(an edr-yi nigedbes 6v

nigen [one];

nigen 3r, 3r, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 5v, 5v,

5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 5v, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6r, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 6v, 20v, 20v, 22v, 23r,

24r, 24r, 24v, 26v, 28v, 28v, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v,

33v, 33v, 33v, 34r, 34r, 36v, 37r, 38r, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41r, 41r, 41r,

41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42r, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46r, 46r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 51r, 52r, 54v, 55r, 56r,

56r, 59r, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 60v, 60v, 60v

nigen in-e 2r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v,

19v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v

inein nigen 41v

nigen edr 22r, 42r

Nigen sar-a 48v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v

1895
WORD INDEX

arban nigen 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38r,

39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r, 56v, 56v, 58v, 60r, 60v

arban nigen sar-a 18r, 18r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r,

43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v

qorin nigen 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r

nigen-e

arban nigen-e 39v, 40r

qorin nigen-e 44v, 54r, 56r

nigles-

nigleski

deged medek-yin nigleski usun bari(id-aa 1v

ndsn- geign-i nigleski 2r

niglt

niglt kmn 5r

niiged/neiged [=nieged]

nieged

neiged neiged/niiged niiged 6r, 6r

edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v

1896
WORD INDEX

niiged niiged gertr yegdk 6r

edr niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r

ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged odun bui. niiged gara( bui. niiged

gara(-lu(-a niiged a( bari(i bui 33r

nilbusun

nilbusun

qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r

nilq-a

nilq-a

(aar kdelbes [n]ilq-a ke ba ai qudalduin-a ma(u bui 30r

nirai

nirai-dur

nir[a]i-dur ner-e gbes 32r

niru(u(n)/nira(un

niru(u

ir(u(an in-e arban drben qorin qoyar (uin-a noqai niru(u ma(u 49v

niru(u-yi

drben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-[y]i qara 41r

niru(un 55r, 55r, 55r

a(an baras-un niru(un mr (arbasu sayin 49r

[n]iru(un inu umara 55r

1897
WORD INDEX

gern [n]iru(un met 59v

niru(un-dur 55r/nira(un-dur

kke luu-yin niru(un-tur mr (arbasu sayin 49r

niru(un-dur r-e tasuraqu 52v

nira(un-dur r-etasuram 52v

[n]iru(un-tur beri buu ab<a> 55r

niru(un-tur erig ba ayan aba mordabasu 55v

niru(un-da(an

ken-dr uira(san beri niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui

bgded ma(u 54r

nis-

nismi

a(ur-a salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r

nitul-

nitulqui

nitulqui-dur

nitulqui-tur duritu 32r

nitulquy-yi

alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes 28r

no(i

no(i

1898
WORD INDEX

takir no(i kmn

takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i Mig buyu 33v

no(o(an

no(o(an

no(o(an debel buu ed'ke buu ems 34v, 35v

nom

nom 4r

nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r

nom buyan iledbes 24r

nom ungibasu 25v, 27v

nom biebes 26v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 46v

nom biig biibes 36v

nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v

nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui 37v

arli( nom medek bolumui 37v

nom ba yertin-deki aliba sayin iles iledbes 44v

Ayui-yin nom ungiqui 45v

nom kiged buyan keig delgerek 46v

nom buyan iledk 60v

nom-du

ksed-n nom-du 60v

1899
WORD INDEX

nom-dur

agabad teglder nom-dur tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 29r

gligi nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r

nom-dur orobasu 36r

nom-i

burqan nom-i amilabasu 44v

nom-ud

nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil 1v

nom-un

nen nom-un krdn 13r

nom-un il-dr duratai 25v

nomi

nomi tegs ir(alang-du bolumui 27v

nomla-

nomlaba

Nagajuna ba(i nomlaba 4r

nomlabasu

nom nomlabasu 23r, 25r, 34v, 43v, 43v, 61r

nomla(san

ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v

nomla(san-u tulada 1v, 4r, 37v

1900
WORD INDEX

ilau tegs ngigsen burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandaris 2r

nomla(san-i tayilbasu 2r

qutu(tu Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v

burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur 2v

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr 49v

keriy-e-yin ndsn-dr nomla(san buyu 56v

nomlauqui 3r

busu sudur-ud-tur nomlauqui 2r

noqai-dur ebedin emeleki-i igerlegln nomlauqui 56v

nomlar-un

Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r

dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu kemebes 37v

nomo(adqa-

nomo(odqabasu

dayisun-i nomo(odqabasu 22r

idker-nu(ud-i nomo(odqabasu 23r

idkd-yi nomo(odqabasu 34v, 35v

qari-yi nomo(odqabasu 28r

erketen-i nomo(odqabasu 28r

engkri-yi nomo(odqabasu 25r

kger-i nomo(adqabasu 46v

1901
WORD INDEX

nomo(adqau

ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r

nomo(odqaqui

nomo(odqaqui ile 31v

noqai

noqai

Noqai il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

noqai ilt 53r, 53v, 54r, 54r

noqai ilten 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v

Noqai sara 2v, 3v, 16r, 16r, 40r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

a noqai sara 7v

bing noqai sara 7v

uu noqai sara 7v

king noqai sara 7v

im noqai sara 7v

Noqai edr 8r, 9r, 10r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v,

42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 50r, 53r,

53v, 53v, 55v, 58r, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v

Noqai a( 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 54r

a noqai a( 7v

1902
WORD INDEX

bing noqai a( 7v

uu noqai a( 7v

king noqai a( 7v

im noqai a( 7v

a(an noqai ktelgsen 4v

noqai abqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

noqai (aar-a 13r

noqai quraiu [=quriau] qoiyalamui 16r

tngri-yin noqai 32v, 52r

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara

sara bui 20v

tngri-yin qara noqai

odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein inu tngri-yin qara noqai

ba(umu 55r

(aar-un noqai

(aar-un noqai idei erik edrn belge inu (urban nidt drbelin

bui 20v

(aar-un ein noqai idei eriki edr 44r

a(an segeret qara noqai 22r

1903
WORD INDEX

ala( noqai 24v

noqai teiyebes 44r

noqai kegbes 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

noqai x 58r, 58r

[n]oqai x 58r

noqai qoi(un 49v

noqai terign 49v

noqai terigt 55r

noqai niru(u 49v

noqai l teigek l alaqu l aniqu. l abqu 58r

noqai-dur

aliba sarayin noqai-dur ebedin emleky-[yi] igerlegln nomlauqui 56v

noqai-yin 59r

noqai-yin qabar 49v

tngri-yin noqai-yin krdn 52v

tngri-yin noqai-yin aman 53r

tngri-yin noqai-yin yabudal yeke kereg-d bui 55v

noyad

noyad

noyad isanglaqu 35v

noyad ii-dr ol(obasu 35v

1904
WORD INDEX

noyad-tur

noyad-dur ma(u 26r

noyan

noyan

noyan kmn 5r

ereg-n noyan 21v

ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v

ireg-n noyan-u gara( 22v

ereg-n noyan kk 40r

(aar kdelbes ulus-un noyan kk 27v

qan noyan bolqu 46v

noyan sa(uqu 47v

noyan ii ol(abasu 37r

noyan isanglaqu 37r

ker edr noyan l isanglaqu 57r

noyan isanglabasu 61r

noyan-dur

doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v

noyan-u

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u ner-e 21v, 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v

dayisun-u noyan-u ner-e 23r

1905
WORD INDEX

ireg mordobasu noyan-u bey-e ba morin-dur ma(u 41r

ngi-

ngigsen

ilau tegs ngigsen burqan 1v

nkd

nkd

nkd l okildun qadquldu(ad 27r

nke-

nkebes

do(in qariyal kik qari(ulaqu dayisun-i daruqu iles-i egn-lge

[n]kibes sayin kt bolumui 42v

nkge

nkge

nigen ger-n bara(an-i nkge gerte okiyabasu 36v

nkgesn

nkgesn

nkgesn debelt 22r

nrge

nrge

nrge irai 22v

numu(n)

1906
WORD INDEX

numu 50v

numun

numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r

numun-u

Numun-u ger

naran Numun-u gertr oro(san 18r

nuta

nuta

Margaar-dur amu(ulang nuta bolumui 38r

nutu(

nutu(

nutu( buu e 34v

nutu( ularibasu 34v, 43v

nutu( qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v

(olomta ger nutu( mr ede sayin bui 51v

nutu( ger (olomta deg ede sayin bui 51v

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r

nutu(-aa

nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

nutu(-dur

in-e nutu(-dur buu ba(u 43r

1907
WORD INDEX

nutu(la-

nutu(labasu

in-e nutuglabasu 41v

nke(n)

nke

(aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r

quddu( nke bulabasu 37r

quddu( nke butegen bulabasu 36r

kegr-n nke met 59v

nken-dr

Mo(ai sara mn- tula mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr orkimui 11r

nken-ee

Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee

l (arumui 18r

obo(

obo(-iyar

na(idar-a ia(ur obo(-iyar il(abasu 61r

obo(-tan

ber-e obo(-tan drben kmn qula(uu amu 27r

Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan

buyu 61r

1908
WORD INDEX

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun ingbatu

obo(-tan buyu 61r

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v

Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk

obo(-tan buyu 61v

Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden mai tbin obo(-tan

buyu 61v

Kerteg ua( qoyar ing bged gelen obo(-tan buyu 61v

oi

oi-du

(al-un oi-du tlek 55v

(al-un oi-tu tlek 56r

od-

od

teg ebgen emegen buu od ma(u bui 27r

(aar-un ba(atud-un tere g ereg ba negdel buu od 58v

odba

isn kmn umara emn-e abu odba 22r

1909
WORD INDEX

rn-e qandu(san gerte abu odba 22v

qoyar kmn qula(uyu doron-a g abu odba 23r

odbasu

aliba ta(alaqui g (ada(i odbasu 4v

qudaldu odbasu 15r

qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r

qudalduin-dur odbasu 41r

inadus-un dayisun-dur odbasu 22r

tegerem-e odbasu 25v, 29v, 35r

ireg tegerm-e odbasu 31r

qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r

doron-a (g) odbasu 49v, 50r, 50r, 50v

emn-e (g) odbasu 49v, 50r, 50r, 50v

rn-e (g) odbasu 49v, 50r, 50r, 50v

umara (jg) odbasu 49v, 50r, 50r, 50v

drben obkis-dur odbasu 49v, 50v

odu

qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v

odqu

odqu-yin

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r

1910
WORD INDEX

odqu ba

qola busu (aar-a odqu ba 61v

nara [. . .] umar-a odqu 3v, 5v

odqui

odqui ba

nara emnei odqui ba 3r, 3v, 5v

odqui-dur

nara [. . .] umar-a g odqui-dur 3r

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr 6r

naran umara g odqui 37v

tegirm-e qula(ai odqui 46r

qola (aar-a odqui 47v

oda(/odu(

oda(

oda( tlebes 42v

oda( egdbes 43v

odu(

kam-dur uira(san beri (ar-ta(an odu( bari(san bui bgde-d sayin 54r

odu(

[see under oda(]

1911
WORD INDEX

odud

odud 37r, 37v, 37v, 46v, 48v, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 61r

odud-un

rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r

odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a ali bui 33r

odud-un terign Kerteg bui 33r

odu(n)

odun 37v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 51r, 53r, 56r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v,

59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r

odun na(idar-un krdn 2r

odun ba na(idar-un uaral 2v

nara urbaqui odun 2v

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v

qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-yi to(alaqu gei 3v

saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki 4r

nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg 4v

aliba odun na(idar-yi endegre ese medebes 4v

odun na(idar-i l medek 4v

iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

1912
WORD INDEX

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 24r, 24r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 48v, 52r, 56r

Naran odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21v, 21v, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 52r

Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22r, 22r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 48v, 51r, 52r, 56r

'al odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 48v, 52r, 56r

Usun odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

1913
WORD INDEX

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r

Modun odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23r, 23r, 32v, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 56v

Altan odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v,10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 23v, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45v, 46v, 46v, 51r, 52r

odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r

minu odun ali bui 32v

yabuqui odun 32v

okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v

Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v

dumda bki-yi to(orin yabu(i odun 32v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a

neret qoyar odun bui 32v

1914
WORD INDEX

Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i <m>odun mn uridu qoyar odun

teriglen ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin noqai ba. Modun odun

kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v

Smber a(ula-yin dumda(ur-iyar Kerteg na(idar-iyar ekilen qorin

naiman odun ba. nara sara kiged isn gara( ba. a( me-yi bari(i (uin

qoyar okin tngri ba. yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

ken il-lu(-a niiged odun bui 33r

arban tabun odun bgde door-a to(orimui 33r

(al-un galab bol(a(i odun ali bui33r

usun-u galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

kiy-yin galab bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen gegn-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

geg kmn-i bayan bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

bayan kmn-i gegreglegi odun ali bui 33r

qurim-dur keig tasurla(i odun ali bui 33r

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] timeriddgi odun ali bui 33r

nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

1915
WORD INDEX

(uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

i(ul(an-dur ola ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i [odun] ali bui 33r

inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

timed-n erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v

ba(i kmn-i idker bariqu-yin a(ur-a alda(ulu(i odun ali bui 33v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i odun ali bui 33v

ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r

odun na(idar sayin bges 37v, 42r, 46r

odun na(idar uirabasu 37v

edr-lu(-a odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r

tlegi odun 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u

uaral bolumui 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral

a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45r

1916
WORD INDEX

Luuq-a odun 45v

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au biisgei 46r

il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun 51r

beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r

ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r

gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v

odun gara( 55r

Mul odun 56r

(adquldu(i tngri-yin egden odun 59r

bayan kmn-i geyireglgi odun 59r

ilu(un n<e>gge gelen odun 59r

usun-dur alda(san imnus-un odun 59r

i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r

(ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r

rne umara-yin iim odun 59r

albin-u tegermei odun 59r

qakirqui gebri odun 59r

kger qara arudasun odun 59r

(altu tor(on ergiki Modun odun 59r

bu(u-yin eber-n a(ui odun 59r

1917
WORD INDEX

btgi odun 59r

k sang bari(i odun 59r

nigen em-e yisn er-e-yi daruqu odun 59r

tngri-yin ijim odun 59r

qan kmn tr kk odun 59r

dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r

drbelin kri odun 59r

da(ulai nin odun 59r

ila(un daru(da(i odun 59r

grgein imnus-un odun 59r

miqai gebri-yin odun 59r

yeke sun-a odun 59r

miqai a(an odun 59r

r-e tasulu(i odun 59r

nigen kmn kia(ar dayisun daru(i odun 59r

abu(i eliy-e odun 59r

odun erdem-yi to(olabasu 60v

Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui 60v

Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui 60v

Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui 60v

Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v

1918
WORD INDEX

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v

ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v

Kerteg Margaar ayitari Anurad buyan-du odun bui 60v

ber-n odun 60v

drben r-e tasura(san odun 61r

drben tan odun 61r

drben belbesn odun 61r

eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan buyu 61r

eden drben odun ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

eden drben odun qata(uu do(in obo(-tan buyu 61v

eden odun urbau l tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v

odun-aa

ede (urban odun-aa busu inu ma(u 56v

odun-dur

ir(u(an qada(ur odun-dur mese buu barii 33v

ede sayin odun-dur itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu 38r

Nara odun-dur ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r

ber-n trgsen odun-dur ya(un buu iled 56r

Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v

Altan odun-dur tusa yeke bolqu 56v

drben terign odun-dur adis l daru(ulqu 61v

1919
WORD INDEX

drben es odun-dur qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui 61v

odun-i 50v

ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ulu edr-n odun-i medek bolai 5r

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu 21r

dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v

odun-iyar

Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r

iroi odun-iyar ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki 2v

na(idarun sayin-i odun-iyar il(ayu 46r

odun-lu(-a

Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr 2v

odun-u

odun-u dri

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali 25r

tabun odun-u dri inu tergen- krdn met bui 25v

(urban odun-u dri in grgesn- terign met bui 26r

isn odun-u dri inu. kirge-met bui 26r

(urban odun-u dri inu. tul(-a-yin modun met bui 26v

(urban odun dri inu kir(a(ul met bui 27r

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu mo(ay-yin terign met bui 27r

1920
WORD INDEX

ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v

qoyar odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v

qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r

tabun odun-u dri inu (ar met bui 28r

nigen odun-u dri inu bata met bui 28v

drben odun-u dri inu jindamuni met bui 28v

drben odun-u dri a(ula met 29r

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 29v

(urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v

(urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met 30r

drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r

tabun odun-u dri inu a(an met bui 30v

drben odun-u dri inu erdeni morin met bui 30v

(urban odun[-u] dri inu a(an-u terign met bui 31r

drben odun-u dri vair met bui 31r

qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r

qoyar odun-u dri inu tergen met bui 31v

qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v

(uin qoyar odun dri inu ong(ua met bui 31v

(urban odun[-u] dri inu morin terign met bui 32r

(urban odun-u dri inu lingquu-a met bui 32r

1921
WORD INDEX

odun-u terign ali bui 33r

gara( odun-u sayin 38r

edr-n odun-u sayin uiral 38r

odun-u sayin-i edr-iyer il(ayu 46r

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

na(idar-un ner-e odun-u to(-a bui dri ba maqabud ene bui 59v

odu-yi

edr-n odu-yi medebes na(idar-yi tegber medek bolai 5r

o(tal-

[see also o(tol-]

o(talun

modun o(talun negbes 36v

o(talqui

oi modun o(talqui 61v

o(talda-

o(talda(san

tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar 28v

o(tar(ui

o(tar(ui-du

(aar-un snes anu. Baras Mo(ai Bein 'aqai edr-e o(tar(ui-du

amui 58v

1922
WORD INDEX

o(tar(ui-dur

o(tar(ui-dur Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 8r

o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r

o(tar(ui-dur Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r

o(tar(ui-dur ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r

o(tar(ui-dur ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r

o(tar(ui-dur Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r

o(tar(ui-dur Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r

o(tar(ui-dur Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r

ir(oli terigten amitan degde o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

o(tar(ui-dur Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r

o(tar(ui-dur Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r

o(tar(ui-tur Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r

o(tar(ui-dur Bus na(idar-iyar r geyim 19r

o(tar(uy-yi

o(tar(uy-yi eglen brk 4v

o(tol-

[see also o(tal-]

o(tol

modun buu o(tol 34v

oi

1923
WORD INDEX

oi

oi modun

oi modun o(talqui 61v

okid

okid

naran Okin-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid jgrkeki

a( bui 15r

okin/kin

okin 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r

okin sara

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r

Okin tngri

Okin tngri ba(uqu edrn belge inu gabala bui 20r

(uin qoyar okin tngri ba 32v

Okin tngri ba(uqu edr 47r

bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v

okin gbes 21v, 24r, 25r, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r, 41v,

41v

okin ber'i gbes 22v, 35v

okin buu g 34r, 53r

(aqai edr okin l gk 58r

1924
WORD INDEX

okin beri buu g. buu ab 58v

okin bges il(ari bui 23r

okin trbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 28r, 31v

okin debes 31v

okin bo(tala- 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 47v

okin bo(tolaqu sayin edr 53r

okin bo(talabasu ba(ul(abasu 36v

okin ba(ul(abasu 43v

okin beri ba(ul(abasu 44r, 44r, 46v

kbegn okin neyiilebes 37r

ai okin ken buyu 32v

ai okin i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge glemi 32v

ai okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun ali [. . .] 32v

okin glern 32v, 33v

okin qari(uu gler-n 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v

okin bges gem l boluyu 51v

ede dumda beri bui. okin trmi 52r

segl-tr okin olan 52v

debel tlebes okin kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu 57v

kin

kin gk 60r

1925
WORD INDEX

okin-aa

okin-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

okin-da(an

borbin-dur okin-da(an qari 52v

okin-dur

okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr 53v

okin-i 54r

kbegn okin-i neyiilebes 36r

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn 51r

okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

okin-i ni(ur doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

okin-i ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i (aqai a(-tu (al-dur mrgglbes sayin 53v

ker qonin ilt okin-i takiy-a a(-du (al-du mrggl 53v

baras bein ilt okin-i (aqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r

taulai takiy-a ilt okin-i Noqai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r

luu noqai ilt okin-i taulai a(tu (al-dur mrggl 54r

mogai (aqai ilt okin-i bein a(tu (al-dur mrgglbes sayin 54r

qulu(an-a morin ilt okin-i nigen in-e arban (urban ir(u(an-a

umara doron-a mr (arbasu sayin 54r

1926
WORD INDEX

qulu(an-a ilt okin-i taulai iltd buu g 54v

ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d buu g 54v

baras ilt okin-i mo(ai ilt-d buu g 54v

taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d buu g 54v

luu ilt okin-i qonin ilt-d buu g 54v

mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d buu g 54v

morin ilt okin-i takiy-a ilt-d buu g 54v

qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d buu g 54v

bein ilt okin-i (aqai ilt-d buu g 54v

takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g 54v

okin-u

Okin-u ger

naran Okin-u gerdr oro(san-u tula yirtin-deki<n> okid

jgrkeki a( bui 15r

ede okin-u il bui tokiyal-du(ulu egdeki 51r

ede sarada okin-u bey-e-d ma(u 51r

ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v

okin-u mr (arqu edr 54r

ol-

olu(san

ng bilig olu(san Manjuari 1v

1927
WORD INDEX

tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( bui 11r

olumui

olumui--a

ed mal . . . olumui--a 22v

oluyu

ed adu(usun . . . oluyu 27v

deged trl-yi oluyu 29r

deged trl oluyu 30r

olan

olan sudur 4r

dayisun olan bolu(ad 28v

kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r

kbegn olan (bolqu) 52v, 52v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v

okin olan 52v

uru( olan bolu(ad 54v

olan arad okiqu 56r

olan kmn ma(u sedkek 56r

olan sana(atu 61r

olda-

oldamui

ir(u(an edr-e oldamui 26v

1928
WORD INDEX

oldaqu

l oldaqu 47v, 47v

ed oldaqu bayasqulang 50r

ed oldaqu sayin 50r

oldayu 27r

nigen edr ba. ese bges tabun edr-dr oldayu 22r

dolo(an ba ese bges isn qono(-tu oldayu 23r

ese oldabasu yerde l oldayu 23r

bandi kmn abu oldayu 23v

oyir-a g eri oldayu 24r

l oldayu 24v, 28v, 29r

edr-e oldayu 27r, 29v

darui oldayu 28v

dolo(an edr-d oldayu 29v

darui-dur eribes oldayu 30v

dolo(an edr oldayu 31r

delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v

ol(a(ulu(i

ol(a(ulu(i

(uyirani kmn-dr altan ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

i(ul(an-dur ola ol(a(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

1929
WORD INDEX

i(ul(an-dur ola ol(a(ulu(i Burvasad buyu 33v

kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v

olgi-

olgiqui

olgiqui iles-dr sayin 46r

on

on

(urban a(un iran ir(u(an edr-i nigen on bol(aju bui 6v

edged-n nigen on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au to(alabasu

ir(u(an edr lemi 6v

ene on uu sui 7r

qoyitu on li un 7r

tngri (aar-un on sara edr a( me. odun gara( ede bgde-yin ein

inu 55r

on-du

din dolo(an on-du saban gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi

egdeki 6v

qur-a ese orobasu qoyitu on-du qur-a uqa( (ang bolqu 17r

dovrm-a dovngli (ar(abasu ba(i on-du l krk 41r

on-dur

(urban on-dur (uin ir(u(an edr bolumui 6v

1930
WORD INDEX

on-u

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen [=legsen]

ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen saban sara bolumui 6v

nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges 6v

tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v

nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun 7r

edge ene on-u Qubi sarayin nigen inide tokiyaldumui 7r

ong(oa

ong(oa

ong(oa oro(ulbasu 12r

usun-dur ong(oa oro(ulbasu 14r

(uin qoyar odun dri inu ong(ua met bui 31v

ong(oa met 59v

in-e ba qa(uin ong(oa mrin-e buu oro(ul buu getlge 35v

in-e ong(oa usun-a oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v

ong(oa yabu(ulbasu 36v

ong(oa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu 47v

ong(od

ong(od-i

ong(od-i takibasu 35v

tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r, 48r

1931
WORD INDEX

ong(od-un

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v

ono-

onou

ai qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r

oqor/aqur

oqor/aqur

edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v

edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

amin nasun oqor bol- 24r, 29v, 39r

kbegn trbes qaram sedkil yeke amin oqor bolumui 27v

beri-yin amin oqor boluyu 34v

qan kmn-ee ola abubasu amin nasun aqur bolqu 47v

ori(ul-

ori(ulqu

yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr 34v

ori(ulqui

krdn ori(ulqui 38v

ori(ulu(san

Enedk[e]g-ee ori(ulu(san Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris 2r

1932
WORD INDEX

nen nom-un krdn-i ori(ulu(san buyan-du sayin a( bui 13r

ordo

ordo

ordo qari

ordo qari asabasu 21v

doto(adu ordo

doto(adu ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r

altan ordo

altan ordo mr (arbasu sayin 49r

ordo-dur

tngri-yin ordo-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r

orgil

orgil

Smber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari

terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v

orgil-iyar

Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v, 32v

mn uridu qoyar odun teriglen ir(u(an qadu(ur odun ba. tngri-yin

noqai ba. Modun odun kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v

orki-

orkibasu

1933
WORD INDEX

tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu 46v

orkimui

mo(ai arisun-iyan nken-dr orkimui 11r

orkiqui

isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v

oro(n) [n. 1. bed; 2. place; throne];

oro

in-e irigen oro asabasu 36v

oron 3r

Manjuari-yin Kitad-un oron buyu 2r

burqan-u oron eribes 22v

oron-a

(qan) oron-a sa(u- 8r, 21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r

oron-da(an

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v

oron-dur

qara Kitad-un oron-dur 2r

a(la( oron-dur (arbasu 46v

oron-i

tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari 1v

oron-u

1934
WORD INDEX

naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula 12r

oron-u irige baribasu 37r

oro-

oroba

tariyan-u krngge (ajar oroba kememi 10r

orobasu

qur-a (ese) orobasu 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v

isun/asu ese orobasu 17r, 19r

ini gerdr orobasu 22r, 23r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 47v

biig-dr orobasu 35v, 36v, 37r

nom-dur orobasu 36r

quddu(-tur orobasu 37r

ede ngget jil orobasu 52r

boro(an orobasu 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v

oro(san

nara qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula 8r

naran i(asun-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula 9r

nara qonin-u gertr oro(san-u tula 10r

nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula 11r

naran qamtudquy-yin ger-dr oron-u tula 12r

1935
WORD INDEX

gargada-u gerdr naran oro(san-u tula 13r

naran arsalan-u gerdr oro(san-u tula 14r

naran okin-u gerdr oro(san-u tula 15r

naran inglegr-n gertr oro(san-u tula 16r

naran tiler-n gerdr oro(sun-u tula 17r

naran numun-u gertr oro(san-u tula 18r

naran matar-un ger-dr oro(san-u tula 19r

matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr 39r

oro(ul-

oro(ul

mndr buu oro(ul 34v

qa(uin ong(oa mrin-e buu oro(ul 35v

oro(ulbasu

(usun-dur) ong(oa oro(ulbasu 12r, 14r

in-e ong(oa usun-a oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v

kmn-i erke-dr-iyen oro(ulbasu 31r

mndr oro(ulbasu 32r

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

(adan-a-aa bara(an oro(ulbasu 36v

burqan ong(od-un dotor-a (ool irken oro(ulbasu 36v

l taiyan gerte oro(ulbasu 53v

1936
WORD INDEX

oro(ula(i (sing.)/oro(ula(id (pl.)

deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v

ma(ui arad-i sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i (odun) 33r, 33v

gerte oro(ula(i 52v

oro(ulqu

gerte l oro(ulqu edr kemebes 53v

oro(ulqui

erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r

mndr oro(ulqui terigten aliba do(in ile iledbes 39r

oro(ulu(ad

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad 1v

oroju

usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r

oroldu-

orolduju

tere qula(ayii-dur nigen em-e kmn orolduu amu 23r

tedn-lge nigen band'i kmn orolduu 24r

oroldun

nigen kbegn oroldun qula(uyu 24v

oromui

dula(an-u a(ur oromui 9r

1937
WORD INDEX

isun oromui 9r

dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r

sken qur-a oromui 11r

kiten- a(ur oromui 17r

timer-e timeridk qula(ai oromui 47v

boro(an orobasu basa oromui 61v, 61v

oroqu

ma(ad degeds-n erge-dr oroqu mai sayin 24r

isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu . . . na(idar bui 25r

imnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v

yal-a-dur oroqu 41r

kmn l oroqu 48r

ger-dr qula(ayii oroqu 57v

drben a(-un a(ur oroqu-yin uridu 59v

boro(an orobasu basa oroqu 61v

qur-a orobasu darui-tur oroqu 61v

oroqui

a(ur oroqui-dur 10r

edr sni qubi sau(uu bo[l]qu oroqui a( 16r

qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r

oroyu

1938
WORD INDEX

qur-a oroyu 26r

orod

orod

morin ir(u(an orod 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

oroi

luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

orong(-a

orong(-a

yerti[n]-yi ebdegi qara orong(-a bariu 39v

orong(-a-tu

dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a 33v, 34r

orong(u [n. a kind of antelope with long flat horns];

orong(u-yin eber 60r

oroi-

oroi(san

lei qutu( oroi(san edr 20r

(dolo(an) lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 44v, 45v, 45v

li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar 60v

1939
WORD INDEX

oroiu

do(in gara(-un dotor-a oroiu eige eke-yu(an arumui 43r

oroiqu

li qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r

oroi(ul-

oroi(ulbasu

qutu( oroi(ulbasu 8r, 24r, 29v, 31r, 34v, 37v, 38r

itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu 38r, 43v

sayitar oroi(ulbasu 14r

rabnas oroi(ulbasu 21v, 24r, 46v

li qutu( oroi(ulbasu 21v, 29r

kegr oroi(ulbasu 35v, 43v

oroi(ulqu

tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v

kegr l oroi(ulqu edr 20r

nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v

dandaris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu kemebes 37v

qutu( oroi(ulqu iles 38r

qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui 61v

oroi(ulqui

saban sara-yi oroi(ulqui ar(-a 6v

1940
WORD INDEX

subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui . . . sayin edr 37v

ndsn- yosu(ar qutu( oroi(ulqui-dur 37v

rabnas oroi(ulqui kiged buyantu iles-dr 61v

oroi(ulun

biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn 56v

otai

otai

emi otai kmn 4v

otai-yi

otai-yi erin ebedin-i iglbes 36v

otai-yin

otai-yin em nidbes 35v

oyila-

oyilaqu

l oyilaqu 24v, 57v

oyir-a

oyir-a

keger-e oyir-a bui 24r

oyir-a g eri oldayu 24r

ed mal ibqarabasu oyir-a bui 28r

qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r

1941
WORD INDEX

oyiiya-

oyiiyamu

l oyiiyamu 60v

oyu(n)

oyu-tu

Naran odun-dur gegen oyutu bolumui 56v

oyun

kbegn trbes ([. . .]) oyun qurdun 61r, 61v

oyun-a

okin trbes (ayiqami( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu 26r

ber

ber

ber ber

ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi

sayitur inilegdeki 4r

(aar kdelbes ar(-a beligten [=biligten] ber a(uraban ebderem 31v

ber a( 51r

ber-n

ber-n tusa btgebes 22v

ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber em-e kbegn kiged. ed

ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

1942
WORD INDEX

ber-n saki(ulsun-iyan keiye 43r

ber-n trgsen odun-dur ya(un buu iled 56r

ber-n odun 60v

ber-e

ber-e

ber-e obo(-tan drben kmn qula(uu amu 27r

ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu 34r

mal-i ber-e sal(abasu 36v

i-

ibes

ig ibes 27r, 35r

ig

ig

ig ibes 27r, 35r

im

im

egden-dr igerde morin im ula(an debelt ba ula(an (ajar

bui--a 22v

gked

gked-n

qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v

1943
WORD INDEX

gked-n eliy-e darubasu 27r, 28v, 30v, 30v, 31v

gken

gken

gken tusa btgebes 16r

gken ari(un kbegn 24r

gken sedkil-d boluyu 31r

ken

ken

ken sar-a 53r

basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a

bol(au 6v

(aar-tur dula(an-u a(ur ken oromui 8r

ken i(asun qoiyalamui 11r

ken qara edr

ken qara edrn belge nigen qara dusul bui 20v

ara ken kmn 24r

kbegn trbes yeke kimor-du ken beligt [=biligt] 26v

ai okin i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge glemi 32v

yeke ken

yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

ken il

1944
WORD INDEX

ken il-lu(-a [=il-lge] niiged odun bui 33r

ene sarada qariqugei bgetel-e ir(u(an inede ken i(ulumui 38v

ken edr 41v

ken-i

saras-un yeke ken-i irek bges mn egn-ee eregdeki 7r

dken

dken

(aar tal-a dken asun bolumui 19r

dtr

dtr

ile iledbes dtr btk 45r

debel eskeki inu nigen in-e dter da(usqabasu sayin 55v

d-t

tas dt sumun 32v

g-

kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r

mal adu(usun buu g 26r

tariyan buu g 34r

okin buu g 34r, 53r

1945
WORD INDEX

okin beri buu g 58v

ri buu g 34r

sada(-a buu g 34v

tngri-yin noqai-yin aman-du buu g 53r

qulu(an-a ilt okin-i taulai iltd buu g 54v

ker ilt okin-i luu ilt-d buu g 54v

baras ilt okin-i mo(ai ilt-d buu g 54v

taulai ilt okin-i morin ilt-d buu g 54v

luu ilt okin-i qonin ilt-d buu g 54v

mo(ai ilt okin-i bein ilt-d buu g 54v

morin ilt okin-i takiy-a ilt-d buu g 54v

qonin ilt okin-i noqai ilt-d buu g 54v

bein ilt okin-i (aqai ilt-d buu g 54v

takiy-a ilt okin-i qulu(an-a ilt-d buu g 54v

noqai ilt-yi kert buu g. (aqai ilt-yi baras iltd buu g 54v

gbe

ed mal ibqarabasu narin bo(ol ma(u sedke kmn-dr (ar(au

gbe 28r

gbes/ggbes

ola gbes 8r

takil gbes 8r

1946
WORD INDEX

ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r, 41v

okin gbes 21v, 24r, 25r, 26v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r, 35r, 35r, 35r,

41v, 41v

okin beri gbes 22v, 35v

ri gbes 21v, 27r, 27v, 29r, 29v, 32r, 35r

buyan oli( gbes 22r, 26v, 29v, 34v, 35r

ada(usun gbes 23r, 26v

ed mal ada(usun gbes 24v

glige gbesu 25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r

ner-e-dr ner-e ggbes 25v

ner-e gbes 26v, 30r

nir[a]i-dur ner-e gbes 32r

kbegn-e ner-e gbes 46v

kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes 26v

kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r

kgsen-tr tlii gbes 29r

tlii gbes 28v, 30r, 30v

kbegn- mi gbes 27r

kbegn-e mi gbes 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v

mal gbes 28r, 32r, 34v, 36r

temdegt adu(usun gbes 30r

1947
WORD INDEX

r-e tariyan gbes 30r

eremdeg-dr ada(usun gbes 31r

isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r

mal adu(usun gbes 31v

gdeiky-yin takil gbes 31v

morin gbes 31v

ri ba ed mal gbes 31v

tariyan [. . .] gbes 34r

kmn-e adu(usun gbes 36v

kmn-e ed mal gbes 36v

oliy-a gbes 41r

ed mal gbes 43v

gk

gk-dr

Taulai Takiy-a edr em gk-dr sayin 56r

okin l gk 58r

okin gk 60r

gki

glige gki 45v

usun takil gki 45v

adu(usun gki iles 46r

1948
WORD INDEX

kbegn-e mi l gki 53v

okin-dur ini l gki ma(u edr 53v

ibegel gki 54v

ggmi

i(au ggmi 25r, 25v, 26r, 26r, 30r, 31v

belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22v

gsgei

gara( ba yabuqui odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei bi kemebe 32v

gdeiki

gdeiky-yin

gdeiky-yin takil gbes 31v

gede

gede

gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v

lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni

bui 20r

gede qandu(san (adusun 39r

qariqu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r

gede qandu(san ara sar-a

erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a

bui 20r

1949
WORD INDEX

gekn

gekn

buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v

gligi

gligi

kbegn trbes bayan bolu(ad gligi nom-dur duritu boluyu 30r

glige

glige

glige g- 25r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 41r, 45r, 45v

kin

[see under okin]

lei/li

lei/li

lei/li qutu( 50r

lei qutu( oroi(san edr

lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san

jindamuni bui 20r

li qutu( oroi(ulbasu 21v, 29r

li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v

li qutu(tu edr 34v

dolo(an li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 44v

1950
WORD INDEX

qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v

li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen bty 45v

li qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r

li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v

li-dr

kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r

li-t

li-d bolqu 50r

leyit

leyit 56r

aliba-yi ila(u(i tegs leyit boluyu 25v

Bus na(idar kemebes tegs leyit na(idar bui 26v

leyit mr 54r, 54r, 54r

mo(ai morin ilt okin doron-a leyit mr 54r

leyit bolqu 56r, 56r

dolo(an leyit bayan odun 59r

lng

lng

lng aburitu 25v

mi

mi

1951
WORD INDEX

kbegn- mi gbes 27r

kbegn-e mi gbes 35r, 41v, 43v, 46v

kbegn-e mi l gki 53v

ndegele-

ndegelemi

salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r

takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r

ndr

ndr

ndr btk iles 45v

ndr btgek iles 61r

ngge

ngge

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge

ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge

tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn ene bui 7v

mo(ai ner-e ngge 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v

1952
WORD INDEX

mo(ai ngge ni(ur 8v

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r

ilu(un n<e>gge gelen odun 59r

ngge-ber

il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui 52r

ngge-t

tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v

ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r

qar-a ngge-d Smber a(ul-a 55r

ngge-yin

beri-yin maqabud-un ngge-yin debel emsteki 52r

nggere-

nggerebes

qorin nasun-aa nggerebes dalan nasulayu 61v

nggereged

sar-a-u urida nggereged mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v

nggeregsen

nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on 6v

nggeregsen isn on 7r

ni

ni

1953
WORD INDEX

ni l oyilaqu 24v, 57v

ni l usadqu 34v

ni qola (aar 57r

ni qutu(-aa biig irek 57r

nin

nin

nin kbegn dumda bki yeke (aar-i bariqu na(idar bui 27r

nin kmn qula(uyu 28v

(ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r

da(ulai nin odun 59r

nr

nr

nr drben-d kmn[-] yasun (ar(abasu 24v

kmn kbes nr bges r-e tasuraqu 42v

r geyi- 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r, 42v

Mig na(idar-iyar r geyim 2r, 8r

Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r

Jayitari na(idar-iyar r geyim 10r

ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r

1954
WORD INDEX

ista na(idar-iyar r geyim 12r

Burvasad na(idar-iyar r geyim 13r

Abiji na(idar-iyar r geyim 14r

Burvabadaribad na(idar-iyar r geyim 15r

Aivani na(idar-iyar r geyim 16r

Kerteg na(idar-iyar r geyim 17r

Margiar na(idar-iyar r geyim 18r

Bus na(idar-iyar r geyim 19r

ri

ri

ri gbes 21v, 27r, 27v, 29r, 29v, 32r, 35r

ri ba ed mal gbes 31v

ri buu g 34r

ri abubasu 22v, 25r, 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r, 31r, 36v

rgesn

rgesn

so( ariyan-u rgesn 60r

rlge

rlge 40r

rlge idei 40r

rlbi

1955
WORD INDEX

rlbi

rlbi met 59v

rn-e

rn-e 8r, 8r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9r, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10r, 10r,

10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 12r, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13r,

13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14r, 14r, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16r, 16v. 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 58v, 60v

rn-e umar-a 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13r, 13v, 16v, 17r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 54r, 55r, 55v, 55v, 59r

rn-e umara qandu(san (ool 24r

rn-e emn-e 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12r, 15r, 15v, 16r, 16v, 16v, 16v, 18r,

19r, 19v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v

emn-e rn-e 11v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v

rn-e emn-e g 26r

rn-e g 22v, 23r, 24v, 31r, 42r, 53v

rn-e g uduridbasu 22r

1956
WORD INDEX

rn-e g odbasu 49v, 50v

rn-e qandu(san ger 22v

rn-e doron-a 33v, 34r

rn-e odbasu 50r, 50r

rn-e-ee

rn-e-ee doron-a g 40r, 42r

riye-

riyek 29v

s-

sgsen

kbegn trbes eige inu ky. sgsen qoyin-a (aar-ta(an l aqu

bui 29v

iyer-

iyerk

iyerk qara edr 53r

tege

tege

tege 59r

tege-yin

ara tege-yin 59r

teg/teg

1957
WORD INDEX

teg/teg

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr teg ebgen emegen buu od 27r

teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu 31v

tel-

telki

ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v

telki-dr

kbegn trbes ala(uu-dur oba(ad teleki-dr ir(amui 61v

ping/bing

ping/bing

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

ping tbidkegi edr 36r

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

p ebdegi. edr 36r

bi p edr ma(u 48v

1958
WORD INDEX

Pus

[see under Bus]

qabar

qabar

noqai-yin qabar 49v

qabar-tur

qabar-tur qar-a mr-d bolunam 52v

qabar(-a

qabar(-a

Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un

qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r

qabar(-a-bar

Smber a(ula-yi biyerky-e egn qabar(-a kebte bara(un

qabar(-a-bar ergimi 55r

qabi(ai

qabi(ai

qabi(ai asabasu 46v

qabtasun

qabtasun-dur

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur bei 24r

qabur

1959
WORD INDEX

qabur

qabur namarun a(ur 6r

qabur namurun qu(us 59r

qabur-un

qaburun terign sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r, 41r

qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r

qaburun ekin Baras sar-a

Lii-du ting sang neret sudur-dur Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin

Baras sar-a bol(au 2v

qaburun ekin 7r

qaburun terign Baras sara 2v, 3r

qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r, 41r

qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 3r, 10r

qaburun es sara 9r, 10r, 41r, 56v

qaburun es ua( sara 11r

qaburun (urban sara 42r, 42r, 55r

qad

qad

luus-un qad

luus-un qad i(ul'qu edrn belge kke na(ur bui 20r

luus-un qad adalamui 26v

1960
WORD INDEX

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i asabasu 30r

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r

qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v

qad-i

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

qad-iyar

naiman luus-ud qad-iyar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

qad-un

luus-un qad-un

arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

Saran odun kemebes door-a luus-un qad-un gara( bki 22r

luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r

luus-un qad-un ebedin krtey 34v

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-un ada adalamui 34v

luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r

luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v

tabun kmn qad-un imeg-iyer ime 22r

qada(n)

qada

qada (aar-<y>i nuqubasu 23v

qada ila(un-aa modun (ar(an idamu 32v

1961
WORD INDEX

qada-tu

qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v

qadan-dur

takir no(i kmn-i qadan-dur abara(ulu(i 33v

qadan-dur ger baribasu 35v

qada(

qada(

a(an qada( 50v

qada(ur

[see under qadu(ur]

qadam

qadam

qadam eige/eke

ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v

qadqu-

qadqu

Qubi sarayindolo(an inide Baras iln qari bein gqadqu 50v

tere sarayin qari g qadqu 50v

qadqu(ad

tu(-un iin-du uyau qadqu(ad 50v

1962
WORD INDEX

qadququi

(adasun qadququi 38v

qadquldu-

[see also under (adquldu-]

qadquldu(ad

toyin bolbasu a(abad-iyan alda(ad nkd l okildun qadquldu(ad

abinar ge-dr duralayu 27r

qadu-

qadumui

qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r

qadu(ur/qada(ur

qadu(ur/qada(ur

ebdegi edrn belge inu qada(ur bui 20v

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v

belge inu qara qada(ur 43v

ir(u(an qadu(ur odun 32v

ir(u(an qada(ur odun 33v

ir(u(an qada(ur odun Anurad buyu 34r

isun qadu(ur orkiqui 38v

(ar-ta(an qada(ur bari(san beri 54r

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri 54r

1963
WORD INDEX

qa(a-

qa(a(i 35v

bi qa(a(i edr 37r

qa(aa-/qa(ai-

qa(ai(san

nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad bodgalis-dur to(alaqui 1v

qa(aamui

beri buu ba(ul(-a. ba(ul<a>(abasu qa(aamui 34v

qa(ain

obalang-aa l qa(ain 47v

qa(aaqu

beri ba(ul(abasu kk qa(aaqu bolqu 40r

r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v

gern ein qa(acaqu 47v

qa(aiqu beri 52r, 52r

qa(aiqu . . . ma(u bui 53r

qa(aaqu obalang bolqu 56r

qa(ai(ul-

qa(ai(ulqui

r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui olgiqui iles 46r

qa(ailtu

1964
WORD INDEX

qa(ailtu drben edr anu 59r

qa(al-

qa(albasu

ar(u qa(albasu 19r, 25v, 29v

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23v

qa(al(-a

in-e qa(al(-a baribasu 22r

qa(al(-a ba usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r

odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r

qa(al(-a igbes 43v, 46v, 48r

qa(al(-a sayin bui 51v

qa(al(-a (olomta nutu( egde anu sayin 60r

qa(an

qa(an

qa(an . . . asa(urun 32v, 33r, 33r, 33r

qa(an teden alimad bui kemen asa(ubasu 33v

qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v

qa(an sonosu(ad 32v

qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r

tngri-yin vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai 39v

(aarun ein qa(an 39v

1965
WORD INDEX

qa(an ba(urau 42v

qa(an-a

qa(an-a (tatal(-a) biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v

qa(an-lu(-a

Jaarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu 26v

qa(an-i

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi 34r

qa(an-u

yaa(-a-un qa(an-u gara( 22v

keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( 23v

okin tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun 32v

qa(ara-

qa(arayu

emegel qa(arayu 35r

qa(dala-

qa(dalamui

usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r

qa(uin

qa(uin

qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r

1966
WORD INDEX

nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sara 7r

qa(uin debel 34v

qa(uin ong(oa 35v

qa(uin bara(an 36r

qa(uin ger 36r, 36v

qa(uin kger-n yasun 36v

qa(uin kiged d[e]i-yin a( 56v

qa(uin-dur

qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v

odun na(idar sayin bges qa(uin-dur u sayin 37v

qa(uin-dur iledbes 37v

qa(uin-dur abu(daqu 56v

qa(urai

idamu qa(urai (aar 32v

qaa-

qaabasu/qaibasu

qulu(an-a qaabasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r

debel tlebes [qulu(an-a] qaibasu 58r, 58r

qaayu

qulu(an-a qaayu 34r

qaaqu

1967
WORD INDEX

qulu(an-a qa[a]qu 56r

qala(un

qala(un

(aar-dur qala(un a(ur yeke bolu(ad lungru neret iig delgeremi 13r

ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn iddlan idemi 19r

qala(un-u

qala(un-u a(ur (aru(ad kiten- a(ur oromui 17r

qalan/qalun

qalan

egerde qalan morin 4v

qong(or qalan morin 25r

qalun 52v

qalqala-

[see also under (alqala-]

qalqalaqu

qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59v

qalqala(i

qalqala(i

tabun qalqala(i ede kemebes. qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu. yasutu

menekei-yin krmeli. so( ariyan-u rgesn. orong(u-yin eber. bodong

(aqay-yin soyo(-a. ede tabun bui 60r

1968
WORD INDEX

qaltar

qaltar 52v

qami(-a 32v, 40r, 41r

qami(-a sa(uqui 2v

qamtud-

qaumtudbasu

in-e er-e em-e qamtudbasu 35r

qamtudqui

taban gara( kiged qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it 2r

Qamtudquy-yin ger 12r

qamtudu(san

saran-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r

sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r

saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin

arudasun baling do(in 39v

edr-lu(-a odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi 44r

edr-lu(-a qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r

1969
WORD INDEX

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uiral 45r

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au biisgei 46r

na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al 46v

il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi 48r

qamu( 9r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 15r, 15r, 17r, 38r, 38r, 42v, 47v, 55r, 60v

qamu( nom-ud 1v

qamu(-i geyireglgi qara imu kemem 42v

qamu(-dur ma(u 50r, 50r

qan

qan

qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 41v, 61r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr 37r

qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v

kger-n qan

kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r

grgesn- qan

(urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan met bui 29v

qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i [odun] ali bui 33r

qan kmn-i r-e-yi alda(ulu(i Margiar buyu 33v

1970
WORD INDEX

qan kmn iles btk 45v

qan kmn-ee ola abubasu 47v

qan kmn tr kk odun 59r

Altan odun x qan noyan bolqu 46v

dada qan

dada qan kemek edr

dada qan kemek edr mr (arbasu ma(u 49v

qan-dur

qan-dur mai sayin 52v

qan-u

grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r

qandu-

qandu(san

gede qandu(san jindamuni 44v

lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge gede qandu(san jindamuni

bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san (adusun 39r

naiman ayima(-un i(ul'qu edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san

(adusun bui 20r

gede qandu(san (adusun 39r

qariqu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san (adusun bui 20r

1971
WORD INDEX

doro(i qandu(san erdini

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r

doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 45r

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

gede qandu(san ara sar-a

erketen i(ul'qu edrn belge inu gede qandu(san ara sar-a

bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a

qariqui edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san qara sara

tngri-yin noqai idei erik edrn belge doro(i qandu(san qara

sara bui 20v

degegi qandu(san erdeni 44v

doro(i qandu(san jindamuni 45r

rn-e qandu(san gerte abu odba 22v

ger-n egde umara g qandu(san modun-u door-a ni(uu amu 23v

rn-e umara qandu(san (ool-dur ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu amu 24r

doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v

qandun

beri-yin ni(ur-<y>i qandun ba(uqu g 53v

qulu(an-a ker (aqai ilt okin-i ni(ur umara g qandun ba(ubasu

1972
WORD INDEX

sayin 53v

baras taulai luu okin-i ni(ur doron-a g qandun ba(ubasu sayin 53v

bein takiy-a noqai ilt okin-i ni(ur rn-e g qandun ba(ubasu

sayin 53v

mo(ai morin qonin ilt okin-i ni(ur emn-e g qandun ba(ubasu

sayin 53v

qandu(ul-

qandu(ulbasu

tere g qandu(ulbasu qamu( ma(u iles ayilaqu buyu 42v

qangin

qangin-u

biqar qangin-u

biqar qangin-u iruqai 26r

qangla(ur

[see (angna(ur]

qangpan

qangpan

qangpan qongpan 53r

qara/qar-a

qara 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 45r

qara Kitad

1973
WORD INDEX

qara Kitad-un oron 2r

qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r

qara Kitad-un to(ain 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r

qara kmn 5r, 5r

qara morin (unu-) 5r, 5r, 22r, 23r, 24v

qara ya(um-a 5r

qara sa sg 20r

qara nara bui 20r

qara indamuni 20r, 45r

qara jva sg 20r

qara jii sg 20v

qara dusul 20v, 20v, 41v

(urban qara dusul 20v, 46v

qoyar qara dusul 43r

ken qara edrn belge 20v

yeke qara edr 20v, 41v, 41v

(urbalin qara 20v

solbi(san qara iruqai 20v, 20v, 44v

drbelin qara debisker 20v, 44v

doro(i qandu(san qara sara 20v

qara ging sg 20v

1974
WORD INDEX

qara kegeri bariju 22r

qara kiiri bariu 23r

qara imeg-iyer ime 22r

a(an segeret qara noqai 22r

qara keb 24v

qara modun 24v

qar-a to(o(an 26v

qara debel 34v, 35r

(aar-un qara qara(ai 39v

qara orong(-a bariu 39v

qara mo(ai 41r

arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r

qara saras 41r, 41r

geyireglgi qara edr 41v

a(-un qara 42r

qara ingpng

qara ingpng-n yabudal 42r

qara ingpng giki 42r

qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara ji sg bui 42v

qara imu 42v

tere idei ereki a(tur a(an ile qara bolumui 42v

1975
WORD INDEX

ebdegi qara qada(ur bari(i (aar-un ein giki edr 43v

qara qada(ur 43v

qara yasutu meneki 49r

qara sarayin asal 50v

buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v

qar-a mr 52v

iyerk qara edr 53r

tngri-yin qara noqai 55r

qar-a ngge-d 55r

kger qara arudasun odun 59r

qara-dur

qara-dur bolbasu 51v

qara-nu(ud

qara-nu(ud-i

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r

qara-yi

il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r

qara-

qara

qoyin-a-aa buu qara 54r

qarau

1976
WORD INDEX

qarau

qa(an ba(urau qarau bolumui 42v

qaram

qaram

qaram sedkil 27v

qaram yeke 31r

qarbu-

qarbu(san

mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi 5r

qara(ai

qara(ai

qara(ai iba(un

qara(ai iba(un taulai bariu tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

(aar-un qara qara(ai 39v

qargis

qargis

qargis qari(ulbasu 30v

qari-

qaribasu

ger-tr-iyen qaribasu 36r

qariu

1977
WORD INDEX

i(ulin yabubasu qariu l irek 41r

qarimui 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v

a(ur-a kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r

a(ur-a anggir (ala(un qarimui 16r

qubi sarayin arban dolo(an arban isn-e nara inggeki-dr qarimui 39r

qariqu

qariqu edrn belge 20r

qariqu gei 38v

(uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v

qola (arbasu gertegen l qariqu 48r

qariqui

i(ulqui qariqui 2v

naiman ayima( terigten- i(ulqui qariqui 2v

qariqui edrn beleg 20r, 20r, 20r, 20r, 38r

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge 20v

naiman ayima(-un-ud qariqui 39r

luus-un qad-un qariqui edr 39v

qari(u

qari(u

okin qari(uu/qari(u gler-n 32v, 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 33v

qari(ul-

1978
WORD INDEX

qari(ulbasu

qariyal qari(ulbasu 22v, 25r, 26v

dayisun-u qariyal qari(ulbasu 27v

(adasun qari(ulbasu 23v

busud-i qari(ulbasu 23v

qargis qari(ulbasu 30v

qari(ulqu

qari(ulqu-yin

qari(ulqu-yin ile iledbes 35v

qari(ulun

dayisun-i qari(ulun idamu 32v

qari(ula-

qari(ulaqu 42v

qari(ulul

qari(ulul

oli( qari(ulul buu iled 34v

qarinu

qarinu

obalang-aa l qa(ain qarinu l irek 47v

qariya-

qariyaqu

1979
WORD INDEX

kmn-i l qariyaqu 57v

qariyal

qariyal

qariyal qari(ulbasu 22v, 25r, 26v

qariyal ki- 31v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 46r

qariyal gegy-e btmi 39r

qari

qari 50v

qari il

sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui 7r

ordo qari

ordo qari asabasu 21v

(ai qari 47v

Baras iln qari bein g qadqu 50v

borbin-dur okin-da(an qari 52v

sn kir(abasu nidn-dr qari 57v

qari-yi

qari-yi nomo(odqabasu 28r

qas

qas

qas debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r

1980
WORD INDEX

Qasta

Qasta 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 46v, 53r,

59r, 59v

Qasta na(idar

Qasta na(idar kemebes qurdun yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r

ma(u arad-<y>i sayid-un erge-droro(ulu(i Qasta buyu 33v

Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. Naran

odun Qasta qoyar 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u

uaral bolumui. Naran odun Qasta qoyar 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. iroi

odun Qasta qoyar 45r

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qasta<n> Jayitar[i] Suvadai eden

(al bui 61r

mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 48v

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 55v

em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Qasta [. . .] sayin 56r

1981
WORD INDEX

Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig

abqui sayin 56v

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui 60v

naiman ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Qasta Jayitar qoyar [. . .] 60v

Bus Qastan Abaji Aivani eden drben odun drben krdn obo(-tan

buyu 61r

qakir-

qakiru

qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu dolo(anta qa[]k[i]ru usun

sau(ad (adquldubasu dayisun-i darui-dur daruyu 22r

qaskirqu

ula(an gebri qaskarqu [=qaskirqu] kemey 27v

qakirqui

qakirqui gebri odun 59r

qakiru(ad

a(an keg[i]ri bariu qa[]kiru(ad 23v

qata(uu

qata(uu

numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r

tere mai qata(uu do(in-u tulada. ayila(daqui 43r

aliba do(in qata(uu iles 45r

1982
WORD INDEX

Ardar Burvabalguni ista Mul eden drben odun qata(uu do(in

obo(-tan buyu 61v

kbegn trbes qata(uu do(in aburitu qorin nasun-aa

nggerebes dalan nasulayu 61v

qatud

qatud-un

qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r

qatun

qatun

belbesn qatun kmn i(au ggmi 22v

qatun kmn-i asarabasu 23r

bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v

Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v

Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r

qaya-

qayabasu

debel qayabasu 58r

qayinu(

qayinu(

qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r

qayinu(-tur

1983
WORD INDEX

qayinu(-dur unuu 24r

qoora-

qoora(san

ene edd-dr yasun (ar(abasu ergin qoora(san qoyitu r-e

(uyirani bolumui 47v

qooraqu

kser-e qoorqu

ir(u(an-a kser-e qooraqu 55v

arban isn-e kser-e qoorqu 56r

qo(olai

qo(olai

ra(is-un qo(olai

Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai met

na(idar kemey 27v

naiman in-e arban ir(u(an qorin drben tngri-yin qo(olai ma(u 49v

qo(olai-dur

imnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v

matar-un qo(olai-dur oro(san erdeni-dr adali ma(u 39r

qo(olai-dur qadam eke-de ma(u 52v

qo(osun

qo(osun

1984
WORD INDEX

qo(osun qumq-a 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

qo(osun qumq-a rn-e bui 8r

qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara rn-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu

egnde. Mo(ai emn-e. Morin rn-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Bein

eg[n]de. Takiy-a emn-e. Noqai rn-e 'aqai qoyin-a.

Qulu(an-a egnde. ker sara emn-e g amui 58v

qo(osun edr

qo(osun edrn belge (urban qara dusul bui20v

(uyila(i-yin (ar qo(osun qariqui belge ala( dusul bui 20v

(uyirini-yin (ar qo(osun qariqu edr 43v

qo(osun (ool 24v

qo(osun bal(asun 24v

tariyan buu g. gbes sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r

sarayin qo(osun anu. 1 Luu. 2 ker 3 Noqai. 4 Qoni 5 Luu. 6 Luu

7 Noqai 8 Qoni9 Luu 10 ker 11 Noqai 12 Qoni 40r

ger-n qo(osun anu. nigen sarayin Mo(ai. 2 Qulu(an-a 3 Qoni. 4 Baras.

5 Takiy-a. 6 Luu. 7 'aqai. 8 mori. 9 ker 10 Bein. 11 Taulai

12 Noqai 48v

(ar qo(osun 49v

qo(osun irek 49v, 50v, 50v

iln qo(osun anu. Nigen sarayin Qulu(an-a Qoyar sarayin ker

1985
WORD INDEX

'urban Baras Drben Taulai Tabun Luu ir(u(an Mo(ai Dolo(an Mori.

Naiman Qoni. Isn Bein. Arban Takiy-a Arban nigen Noqai Arban qoyar

sarayin 'aqai edr bolai 60r

qola

qola

qola i(ulilabasu 25r

qola ba oyir-a odbasu 31r

qola (aar

qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r

qola (aar-a odqui 47v

qola (aar-a mr (arbasu 47v

ni qola (aar-a ni qutu(-aa beig irek 57r

qola (aara oid irek 57r

qola (aar oriqu 58r

qola busu (aar-a odqu 61v

qola (arbasu 47v

mo(ai edr qola mr l (arqu 57v

qola-aa

qola-aa qudalduin irek 57r

qola-yin

qola-yin oid irek 57v

1986
WORD INDEX

qolba-

qolbaqu

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek 54v

qolidqa-

qolidqabasu

tegni qolidqabasu (urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3r

qolidqau

tegn-ee qolidqau ligsen-i saban sara bolumui 5r

qong

qong

qong keriy-e egr-iyen asamui 8r, 19r

qong keriy-e ugiyaqui isun oromui 9r

qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu 60r

qong(or

qong(or 52v

qong(or morin 4v

qong(ur morin unu- 24v, 24v

qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu 25r

qongpan

qongpan

Qangpan-qongpan 53r

1987
WORD INDEX

qoni(n)

qoni(n) 59r

qonin ada(ula(san 4v

in qonin sara 7v

ki qonin sara 7v

ii qonin sara 7v

ding qonin sara 7v

gii qonin sara 7v

in qonin a( 7v

ki qonin a( 7v

ii qonin a( 7v

ding qonin a( 7v

gi qonin a( 7v

qonin krteki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

Qonin a( 10r, 50r, 51r

Qoni(n) (edr) 10r, 11r, 11r, 14r, 16r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r,

40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 51r,

53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 56r, 57v, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v

Qonin sara 13r, 13r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

1988
WORD INDEX

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

qonin addu(ad tar(u giiu 13r

qonin (aar-a 15r

Qonin il 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 53v,

54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v

qoni(n) ilten 22r, 54r, 54v

qonin abasu 27r

qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v

nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen qonin-i a(un bol(a(i Asli( buyu 33v

a(an qonin igs-ber takibau l oyiiyamu kemeki 60v

qonin-u

Qonin-u ger

nara Qonin-u gertr oro(san 10r

qoniin

qoniin-i

qoniin-i eribes 35r

qono(

qono(

qono( tasura- 3r, 3r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4v

ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu inu 3r

1989
WORD INDEX

ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono(gei bui 3r

tegber ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r

nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r

Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3v

Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v

qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu

qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v

edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v

ilede qono( tasuraqu busu 3v

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v

(uin qubi nigen qono( 5r

(uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r

1990
WORD INDEX

iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

ebln dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau ir(u(an

sar-a bged ir(u(an qono( bolbasu nara emn-e g-ee

umar-a g urbau 5v

qono(-i

nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an 6r

qono(-tu

isn qono(-tu oldayu 23r

a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r

a(u qono(-du kk 60r

qono(-tur

arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r

qono(-un

qono(-un (urban il 2r

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v

qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei 3v

qoor(-a)

qoor

qoor qomsa

qoor qomsa bol- 34r

1991
WORD INDEX

keregr ba qoor qomsa bolqu 25v

ed ada(usun-dur qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r

ger dotor-a qoor qomsa bolqu 57v

qoor qoromi

qoor qoromi bolqu 41r

adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi yeke boluyu 38r

qoor ada

qoor ada bolqu 56r

qoor-a

qoor-a neyileglbes 41v

qoor neyileglki iles 46r

qoor-a-dur

qooridur [=qooradur] kgsen kmn[-] kbegn qula(au amu 24v

qooratu

qooritu [=qooratu] iles 16r

qoqui

qoqui

kbegn trbes eneleki obalang-iyar qoqui kemen obau yabumui 47v

qorin

qorin 40v, 43r, 47r, 49r, 53r

1992
WORD INDEX

qorin nasun 61v

qorin nigen 8v, 9r, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

40r, 40v, 41v, 41v, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r

qorin qoyar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 38v,

38v, 38v, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r, 58v

qorin (urban 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

40v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 56r

qorin drben 8r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 40v, 41v, 43r, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 55v, 56r

qorin drben a(ur a(

tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen ir(u(an

edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen saban sara bolumui 6v

qorin drben-e saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r

edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r

edr qorin drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r

qorin tabun 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19r, 19v,

37r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47v,

1993
WORD INDEX

49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 54r, 55v, 56r

qorin ir(u(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v,

18v, 19v, 37r, 39v, 40v, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 53r, 56r

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r

edr (uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

qorin dolo(an 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18r, 18v,

19v, 39r, 39v, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r,

53r, 56r

qorin naiman 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 49r,

49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r

edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r

edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r

qorin naiman na(idar 21r, 24v, 60v, 61r

qorin naiman odun 32v

qorin naiman nasun 61v

qorin isn 8v, 9v, 10v, 11r, 11v, 12r, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 37v, 38v, 39v, 39v, 40r, 40v, 41v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r,

49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 56r, 58v

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono(gei bui 3r

1994
WORD INDEX

Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg

bolumui 3r

dolo(an a(un qorin

nigen il-dr (urban a(un iran edr bui. dolo(an a(un qorin

a( bui 32v

qorin-a 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r, 39v, 41v,

43r, 43r, 43r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 56r

qoriy-a/qoriyan

qoriy-a/qoriyan

qoriyan bosqabasu 42v

qoriy-a baribasu 42v, 48r

qoriyan-dur

tngri-yin qoriyan-dur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

qoro-

qoroqu

qoriy-a baribasu mal inu qoroqu 48r

qoromi

qoromi

qoor qoromi 41r

Naran 'al iroi ed[e]n-dr adu(usun-dur qoor qoromi yeke

boluyu 38r

1995
WORD INDEX

Nara odun-dur ed mal qoromi bolqu 56r

qoroqai

qoroqai

(al-tu qoroqai

ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r

qoriyala-

qoriyalamui

ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r

qoi(u(n)

qoi(u

ir(u(an odun dri inu qoi(u met bui 27v

qoi(un

noqai qoi(un ma(u 49v

qoi(utu

(aqai qoi(utu 55r

qoiyad

qoiyad

qoiyad qoiyad

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu

tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

tegni qoiyad qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu

1996
WORD INDEX

gey-yin tulada. qono( tasuramui kememi 3v

qoiyala-

qoiyalamui

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad

qoiyalamui 9r

eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r

ken i(asun qoiyalamui 11r

noqai quraiu [=quriau] qoiyalamui 16r

egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r

qoiyalan

ara(-a qoiyalan dong(oddumui 14r

qota(n)

qota

qota asabasu 22v, 23v, 24r, 29r

in-e ger ba qota asabasu 25r

ger bayiing qota asabasu 28r

qota deledbes 32r

qota bal(asun imebes 34v

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr 37r

qota baribasu 41r, 42r, 42v

qota bal(asun bari- 41v, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 45v, 61r

1997
WORD INDEX

qota yender baribasu 42v

qotan

dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui 61v

qotan-u

doron-a g qandu(san qota[n]-u noyan-dur i(abasu 24v

qoya(ula

qoya(ula

bombo aq-a deg qoya(ula i(au ggmi 26r

qoyar

qoyar 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 4r, 26v, 37v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v,

45v, 45v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 55v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r,

61r, 61r, 61r, 61r, 61v

qoyar yaba(an ker 4v

qoyar il 5r

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v

qoyar qubi 5v

qoyar deb 6r, 6r

nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 2r

qoyar sara 6r, 9r, 9r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v,

1998
WORD INDEX

44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr 6v

qoyitu qoyar il 7r

qoyar in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

inein qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 39r, 53r, 56v

qoyar qara dusul 20v, 43r

qoyar kmn 23r, 26r, 41r

aqa deg qoyar (kmn) 25v, 26r, 30r

qoyar ger 23r

qoyarba drben ba ba(ura(san bandi bombo qoyar-un nigen kbegn 24v

qoyar aya(an 27r

qoyar odun 32v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

qoyar odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v

qoyar odun-u dri inu ildn met bui 28r

qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r

qoyar odun-u dri inu tergen met bui 31v

qoyar odun-u dri inu ele-yin (adasun met bui 31v

deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a neret qoyar odun

bui 32v

Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud-ud

1999
WORD INDEX

terigten-iyer kriyelegl 38r

qoyar iroi uirabasu 45v

qoyar usu uarabasu 45v

qoyar (al uarabasu 45v

qoyar kei uarabasu 45v

usu iroi qoyar uarabasu 46r

(al kei qoyar uarabasu 46r

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu 46r

usu kei qoyar uarabasu 46r

(al iroi qoyar uarabasu 46r

usu (al qoyar uarabasu 46r

qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v

qoyar qulu(an-a ilt er-e em-e bolbasu 54v

qoyar ker ilt uru( uqa( bayan sayin 54v

qoyar baras ilt uru( cgen bayan sayin 54v

qoyar taulai ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v

qoyar mo(ai ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar morin ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar qonin ilt uru( olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar bein ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin 54v

2000
WORD INDEX

qoyar takiy-a ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad keregri ma(u 54v

qoyar noqai ilt kbegn gen keregri ma(u 54v

qoyar (aqai ilt kbegn olan bayan sayin bui 54v

arban qoyar 2v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 3r, 5r, 5v, 6r, 6v, 7v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v,

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 32v, 34r, 35v, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40v, 41r, 41v, 44v, 46v, 47r, 48r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r,

50v, 50v, 53r, 60r, 60v

qorin qoyar 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

39v, 40v, 44r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 53r, 53r, 53r, 58v

(uin qoyar 9r, 11r, 15r, 17r, 31v, 32v, 59v

qoyar-a

arban qoyar-a 43r, 44r, 56r

qorin qoyar-a 38v, 38v, 39v, 44v, 53r, 53r, 54r, 54r, 56r

qoyar-aa

arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e erlig-d-iyer

kriyelegl 38v

tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek

qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v

qoyar-i

qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medek kereg 3r

edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v

2001
WORD INDEX

qoyar-tu

qoyar-du aliba iles l iledk 24v

Mul Abiji qoyar-du arli( nom medek bolumui 37v

terign gedesn qoyar-tu beri ab 55v

qoyar-un

amidu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile-dr sayin 29v

il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v

qoyin-a

qoyin-a 32r, 34r, 40r, 61r, 61r

egn-ee qoyin-a 6r, 6v

saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v

sgsen qoyin-a 30r

qoyin-a (arqu 31v

nara ur(u(san qoyin-a 42r

r geyigsen qoyin-a 42v

taulai qoyin-a 58v

qoni qoyin-a 58v

(aqai qoyin-a 58v

qoyin-a-aa

qoyin-a-aa buu qara 54r

qoyitu

2002
WORD INDEX

qoyitu

arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

qoyitu drben mi mana(ar-un edr-d (ada(adu bui 6v

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr 6v

uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi egdeki 6v

qoyitu arban tabun 6v

qoyitu on 7r, 17r

qoyitu qoyar il 7r

qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v

qoyitu r-e-yin r-e 47v

qubaqai

qubaqai

tariyan modun taribasu qubaqai bolqu 47v

qubad

qubad

qubad kke-ber ime 23v

qubad imeg-iyen a(an-iyar imej 23v

qubasun

qubasun

debel qubasun eskeki edr 55v

qubi

2003
WORD INDEX

qubi

Qubi sara 7r, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r,

43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v

qaburun terign Baras sara-yi Qubi sara bol(au 2v

edr sni-yin a( mi-yin qubi 2v

(uin mi nigen qubi 5r

(uin qubi nigen qono( 5r

qoyar amisqaqui anu qubi bolumui 5v

qubi to(alaqui 5v

iran mi nigen qubi 5v

qoyar qubi nigen tediken 5v

iran qubi bolbasu nigen qono( bolumui 5v

edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v

sni arban tabun tediken qubi 5v

edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v

urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an 5v

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

niiged niiged qubi segder (arumui 6r

niiged niiged qubi segder neme 6r

ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r

nigen a(tur naiman me drben qubi (urban adqu bui 6r

2004
WORD INDEX

arban qubi bolbasu nigen mi bui 6r

arban adqu bolbasu nigen qubi bui 6r

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi 8r, 18r

sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r

edr qorin naiman qubi 9r

sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r

edr sni qubi sau(u bolumui 10r

edr (uin qoyar qubi 11r

sni qorin naiman qubi 11r

edr (uin drben qubi 12r

sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r

edr (uin ir(u(an qubi 13r

sni qorin drben qubi 13r

edr (uin drben qubi 14r

sni qorin ir(u(an 14r

edr (uin qoyar qubi 15r

sni qorin naiman qubi 15r

edr sni qubi sau(uu 16r

edr qorin naiman qubi 17r

sni (uin qoyar qubi 17r

edr qorin drben qubi 19r

2005
WORD INDEX

sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r

qubi-dur

qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it 2r

nigen qubi-dur nigen dusul 5v

qubi-tu

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i iledte medeki inu 5v

nara bayiqu dngi edr dli dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin

(aar-a bayi(ulju 6r

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

aji edr dli dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder-gei bolumui 6r

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r

qubil(an

qubil(an

amitan-u itegel burqan-u qubil(an Manjuari bodis[n]g 26

yeke riddi qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara bolai 8r

qubil(an-u

baling do(in inu gara(-un qubil(an-u tulada 39v

qubira-

qubiraqui

kiten segder unau ebesn qubaraqui a(16r

qubiya-

2006
WORD INDEX

qubiyau

urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu mi-ber qubiyau qubi bol(an 5v

nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu. egni arban qoyar a(tur

qubiyau amui 6r

qua

qua

aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu 35r

quda/qudda

quda

quda anda bol- 10r, 15r, 22v, 25v, 26v, 30v, 56r, 61v

quda anda bolulibasu 29r, 32r

qudda anda bolulibasu 28r, 28r, 31r

quda anda eribes 31r

qudal

qudal

qudal l glek 61r

qudali

qudali

kbegn trbes qudali umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v

qudaldu

qudaldu

2007
WORD INDEX

qudaldu ki- 9r, 14r, 22r, 24r, 25r, 27r, 29v, 34r, 34r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r,

37r, 45v, 61v

qudaldu arila kibes 35v

qudaldu odbasu 15r

qola (aar-a qudaldu odbasu 36r

qudaldu-

qudaldubasu 10r, 17r, 26v, 28r, 31v

arudasun qudaldubasu 24v, 30r

morin qudaldubasu 25r, 31r, 31r, 31v

qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu 25r

bo(ol qudaldubasu 25r, 25v, 26r, 28v

mal ada(usun qudaldubasu 25v

mal qudaldubasu 29v

altan mngg qudaldubasu 26r

qayinu( qudaldubasu 32r

qudalduu

ed mal ibqarabasu doron-a g-n kmn qula(uyu belbesn em-e-dr

qudalduu amu 25v

qudalduqui

tariyalang-un (aar qudalduqui 45v

adu(usun qudalduqui 61v

2008
WORD INDEX

qudalduli-

qudaldulibasu 31r

qudalduin

qudalduin

qola-aa qudalduin irek 57r

qudalduin-a

ai qudalduin-a ma(u bui 30r

qudalduin-dur

qudalduin-dur odbasu 41r

qudalduin-lu(-a

qudalduin-lu(-a ol(aqu 5r

quddu(

quddu(

quddu( nke butegen bulabasu 36r

quddu( nke bulabasu 37r

quddu( malta-

Taulai edr quddug l maltaqu 57r

quddu(-tur

quddu(-tur orobasu 37r

qu(us

qu(us

2009
WORD INDEX

qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin iles-i

igerle.59r

qula

qula 52v

qula(ai

qula(ai

degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r

buliyan qula(ai getebes 36v

qula(ai kibes yal-a-dur oroqu 41r

degirm-e [=degerm-e] qula(ai odqui 46r

qula(ai oromui 47v

a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r

qula(ai-du

qula(ai-du uaraqu 50r

qula(ai-tu abtaqu 56r

qula(ai-dur

tngri-yin qula(ai-tur mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v

qula(ai-lu(-a

qola (aar-a mr (arbasu buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uiraqu 47v

qula(ay-yin

2010
WORD INDEX

buliyan qula(ay-u [=yin] iles 46r

qula(ayii(n)

qula(ayii 28r, 31v

degerem qula(ayii ba keregr bara(ur-tur ol(oqu 4v

(rban qula(ayii bleldki na(idar bui 27r

qula(ayii kmn-i eriglbes 36r

noqai kegbes ger-dr qula(ayii oroqu 57v

qula(ayii-dur

tere qula(ayii-dur nigen em-e kmn orolduu amu 23r

qula(ayiin-i

buliyan qula(ayiin-i getebes 34r

qula(ayii-yin

ed mal ibqarabasu qula(ayii-yin ai inu i(au ggmi 31v

erekey-yin inegen bey-e-tei qulu(an-a-yin inegen morin unuu 39v

qula(u-

qula(uu 24r, 24v, 24v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 27r

ed ibqarabasu er-e (a(a kmn- kbegn qula(uu amu 23v

qula(uyu 23r, 24r, 24v, 25v, 26r, 26v, 27v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 31r

ed mal ibqarabasu isn kmn qul[a](uyu 22v

qulan

qulan

2011
WORD INDEX

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu ngge sn giimi 12r

qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r

qulu(an-a

qulu(an-a

Qulu(an-a sara 18r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

bing qulu(an-a sara 7v

uu qulu(an-a sara 7v

king qulu(an-a sara 7v

im qulu(an-a sara 7v

a qulu(an-a sara 7v

Tbedn-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r

Qulu(an-a il 41r, 46r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v,

58v/Qulu(ana il 55v

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu

sara qoyar 4r

qulu(an-a ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

qulu(an-a ilten 54r, 54v

Qulu(an-a a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v

Qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu

2012
WORD INDEX

bui 6v

bing qulu(an-a a( 7v

uu qulu(an-a a( 7v

king qulu(an-a a( 7v

im qulu(an-a a( 7v

a qulu(an-a a( 7v

Qulu(an-a (edr) 8r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 13r, 16r, 18r, 34r, 42r, 47v, 48r,

48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r,

60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Qulu(an-a (aar-a 17r

qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

Qulu(an-a sara mn- tula belge inu tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee

l (arumui 18r

qoyar odun-u dri inu qulu(an-a met bui 27v

(aar kdelbes nara sara kbes ma(ad qula(an-a ma(u bui 32r

nigen qula(ayii kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi Abiji buyu 34r

qulu(an-a qaa-

in-e debel [. . .] emsbes qulu(an-a qaayu 34r

dolo(an-a qulu(an-a qa[a]qu 56r

2013
WORD INDEX

qulu(an-a qaabasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r

qulu(an-a debil x 58r

qulu(an-a-aa

Qulu(an-a-aa teriglen ali il bges qoyitu qoyar il qaburun ekin

bolumui 7r

quma(

quma(

ara quma(

nigen sarayin Morin edr ara quma( 60r

ula(an quma(

nigen sarayin Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma( 60r

ara ula(an quma(-du edd 60r

qumq-a/qumqan

qumq-a

qo(osun qumq-a 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

qo(osun qumq-a rn-e bui 8r

qo(osun qumq-a anu Baras sara rn-e Taulai qoyin-a. Luu

egnde. Mo(ai emn-e. Morin rn-e. Qoni qoyin-a. Bein

eg[n]de. Takiy-a emn-e. Noqai rn-e 'aqai qoyin-a.

Qulu(an-a egnde. ker sara emn-e g amui 58v

o(tu edrn belge qumq-a bui 20r

2014
WORD INDEX

belge inu qumq-a ene bui 47r

qumqan-u

Qumqan-u ger

nara Qumqan-u ger-dr oro(san-u tula. yirtin-teki darasun

amtatu bolumui 8r

qur-a

qur-a 17r, 26r

sayin buyan-u qur-a-yi oro(ulu(ad 1v

qur-a (ese) orobasu 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 61r, 61v

sken qur-a 11r, 14r

qur-a elbeg 61r

qura(ala-

qura(alamui

qonin a(-iyar qura(alamui 10r

qurdun

qurdun

qurdun yabu(i na(idar 28r

oyun qurdun [quick witted]; 61r, 61v

quria/qurai/quraa-

quraiu

noqai quraiu 16r

2015
WORD INDEX

quraimui

arsalan quraimui 14r

quriaqui

takiy-a qoriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

ker quriaqui sar-a 11r

qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r

qurim

qurim-dur keig tasurla(i 28r, 33r, 33v

buyan qurim iledbes 31v

qurim keyi- 42r, 46r

ibad-un qurim kibes 44r

qurim qurimlabasu 47v

qurim uira- 58r

idegen qurim 50r

qurimla-

qurimlabasu 22v, 23v, 28v, 28v, 29r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 32r, 35r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 46v

kbegn qurimlabasu 24v

qurim qurimlabasu 47v

qurimlaqu

2016
WORD INDEX

l qurimlaqu 58r

quriya-

quriyabasu

adu(usun quriyabasu 26v

quriyaju

tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a(-i quriyau amui 6r

quriyaqui

dayisun-u qotan bal(asun-i quriyaqui degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v

quriya(i

quriya(i 35v

iu quryiya(i edr 36v

quryiyang(ui

sang quryiyang(ui 49r

qutu(

qutu(

qutu( oroi(ul- 8r, 24r, 29v, 31r, 34v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r

qutu( l oroi(ulqu bui 61v

lei qutu( oroi(san edrn belge 20r

li qutu( oroi(ulbasu 21v, 29r

li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v

2017
WORD INDEX

dandris-tur nomlar-un mandal-i qutu( oroi(ulqu 37v

qutu( oroi(ulqu iles yertin-yin iles-dr adali busu bolai 38r

itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu 43v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u

uaral bolumui 44v

qutu( (uyuqui iles 45v

qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v

li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen bty 45v

li qutu( oroiqu bolumui 48r

luu-yin qutu( mr (arbasu sayin 49r

li qutu[(] 50r

li qutu( oroi(san naiman na(idar bui 60v

qutu(-aa

ni qutu(-aa beig irek 57r

qutu(-i

tu(ulu(san burqan-u qutu(-i olu(san sayin a( bui 11r

qutu(tu

qutu(tu Manjuari 2v

li qutu(tu edr 34v

quvara(

quvara(

2018
WORD INDEX

bursang quvara(

sm-e baribasu bursang quvara( l to(taqu 47v

quvara(-i

quvara(-i takibasu 26v

quvara(-ud-i

quvara(-ud-i

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v

toyin quvara(-un-yi [=quvara(-ud-i] kndeleki 61r

quya(

quya(

debel quya( mese qara-nu(ud-i ime 23r

quya( ems'ki na(idar 30r

quya(-tu

tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu 23v

rabnas

rabnas

rabnas oroi(ul- 21v, 24r, 46v, 61v

rabnas keyiki sayin edr 37v

Radn-a

Radn-a

Radn-a dagini 49v

2019
WORD INDEX

ra(is

[see under ra(as]

ra(as/ra(is/ra(is

ra(as-un/ra(is-un/ra(is-un

ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v

Burvabalguni na(idar kemebes ra(is-un qo(olai met na(idar 27v

tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar 28v

Raqula

Raqula-yin

Smber a(ula-yin orgil deger-e a(-un takil-iyar takiu Mahauvari

terigten Raqula-yin na(adun-iyar inggeldmi 38v

raiyal

[see under raiyan]

raiyan/raiyal

raiyan/raiyal

raiyan edr

raiyan edr-n belge erdini bui 20r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v

qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v

raiyan-u

raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v

2020
WORD INDEX

rdovarm-a/rdovarma/rdovrma

[see under dorm-a]

riddi

riddi

yeke riddi qubil(an

yeke riddi qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara bolai 8r

Rivadi/Rivadi

Rivadi 9v, 10v, 12v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 59r, 59v/Rivadi 8v, 11v, 21v

Rivadi na(idar 31v

nigen biteg tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i Rivad'i buyu 33v

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i](al-dur timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Rivadi ede sayin 37v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asli( irvan ede

dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v

Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn-

iles-d sayin 60v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden

usun bui 61r

em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Rivadi [. . .] sayin 56r

drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar 61r

2021
WORD INDEX

Margaar Asli( Jayitar Anurad Rivad'i eden tabun odun mai okilan

obo(-tan buyu 61r

Rkini/Rokini

Rkini 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 53r, 59r, 59r

Rkini na(idar 25r

nigen ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v

bayan kmn-i gegriglgi Rkini buyu 33v

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 37r

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Rkini [. . .]

sayin 37r

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 37v

na(idar-un sayin inu [. . .] Rkini [. . .] odun edr qutu( oroi(ulbasu

amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u

uaral bolumui. [. . .] iroi odun Rkini qoyar 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .]

Altan odun Rkini qoyar 45r

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

2022
WORD INDEX

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes Rkini [. . .] odun sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes Rkini [. . .] sayin 55v

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Rkini [. . .] sayin 55v

Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui 60v

Rokini

Margisar Ardar Burnavasu Bus Kerteg Rokini eden modun bui 61r

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

Rkini-dur

Rkini-tur busud-i ilaqui 37v

sa

sa

ula(an sa

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

qara sa sg

qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r

saban

saban

saban sara 4r

qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-<y>i medek kereg 3r

2023
WORD INDEX

(urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3r

Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui

yer ta(alal inu tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu Qulu(an-a il-dr qaburun dumdadu

sara qoyar. Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar. Morin

il-dr namurun dumdadu sara qoyar. Takiy-a il-dr ebln

dumdadu sara qoyar 4r

saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki 4r

qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide

to(alabasu sayin ma(u ai r-e inu l bty 4r

(urban il-dr nigen saban sar-a bolqu anu olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r

tegber iran da(un nigen me. (uin mi nigen qubi (uin

qubi nigen qono(. (uin qono( nigen sar-a. arban qoyar sar-a

nigen il. tegn-ee qolidqau ligsen-i saban sara bolumui 5r

qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v

merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v

basa arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a

bol(au to(alabasu basa ir(u(an edr lemi. (urban on-dur

(uin ir(u(an edr bolumui. (uin edr-<y>i in nigen

saban sara bol(abasu ir(u(an edr inu lemui 6v

qoyitu qoyar on-u qorin drben edr-d uridu ligsen ir(u(an

2024
WORD INDEX

edr-<y>i nigedbes nigen saban sara bolumui 6v

saban sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a kemebes 6v

nggeregsen din dolo(an-u on-u aliba sara saban bges tere

sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a oroi(ulqu bui 6v

din dolo(an on-du saban-gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i

tegi egdeki 6v

aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur-gei bges tere saban

sara bolumui 7r

ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r

sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui 7r

sau-

saubasu

r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r

tariyan saubasu 22r, 30v

sau(ad

usun sau(ad 21v

miq-a-yi mungnau sau(ad 22r

sauu

boskil sauu 24r

sauqu

krngge saaqu [=sauqu] 48r

2025
WORD INDEX

suuli [=sauli] sauqu 60v

sauqui

r-e sauqui 45v

sau(u/sau(uu

sau(u/sau(uu

nigen dusul bolumui. tere kemebes tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a

sau(uu bolumui 5v

edr sni sau(u bol- 5v, 10r, 16r

qoyar deb-dr edr sni sau(uu bolu(san 6r

kbegn trbes Jaarvadi qa(an-lu(-a saa(uu boluyu 26v

yabudal inu nara sara-lu(-a saa(u yabumui 55r

sau(u-yin

eng terign gan kemebes mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar

nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi buyu tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] nigen

da(un (arqui inu sau(u-yin tula. nigen da(un (arumui 5r

sauli

sauli

suuli [=sauli] sauqu 60v

sauli er<e>gbes 60v

Sadabis

Sadabis

2026
WORD INDEX

Sadabis 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

53r, 59r, 59v

Sadabis na(idar 31r

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 37r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Sadabis sayin 37r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui. [. . .]

'al odun Sadabis qoyar 45r

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede

dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden

usun bui 61r

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Sadabis [. . .] sayin 48v

Rkini Burnavasu Burvasad Sadabis ke[i]g-n odun bui. ed mal l

(ar(amui 60v

naiman ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Sadabis Burvabadaribad qoyar

bui 61r

Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk

obo(-tan buyu 61v

sada(-a

sada(-a

2027
WORD INDEX

sada(-a buu g 34v

sadhu

sadhu

sadhu kemeged arli( bolurun 32v

sadun

sadun

r-e sadun

r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v

nidn-dr r-e sadun delgereged lemi ir(alang-du bolumui 52v

sadun-aa

r-e sadun

r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r

sa(u-

sa(ubasu

oron-a sa(ubasu 8r

qan oron-a sa(ubasu 21v, 25v, 34v, 37r, 41v, 61r

sa(umu

ede g-d sa(umu 55v

sa(umui

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui 3v

sa(uqu

2028
WORD INDEX

aliba yabuqu sa(uqu iles-dr sayin 23v

qan oron-a sa(uqu 37r

baling do(in qami(-a sa(uqu 41r

noyan sa(uqu 47v

iregen sandali deger-e l sa(uqu 58r

sa(uqui

il kiged naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui ba.

qami(-a sa(uqui terigten-i Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

sa(ul(a-

sa(ul(abasu

ereg-n noyan sa(ul(abasu 22v

saki-

sakiqu

toyin bolbasu agabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad. ed idegen olqu

bui 56v

saki(i

saki(i 35v

kbegn-i saki(i 30v

gi saki(i edr 36r

saki(ulsun

saki(ulsun

2029
WORD INDEX

amin(-u) saki(ulsun 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

amin saki(ulsun doron-a emn-e 8r

amin-u saki(ulsun doron-a 9r

amin saki(ulsun iled- 34r, 46r

amin saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v

amin-u saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v

amin(-u) oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

saki(ulsun iledbes 23r, 26v, 28r, 29r

ebedin- kmn saki(ulsun iledbes 28v

saki(ulsun biy-e-dr-iyen biil(abasu 31r

saki(ulsun-iyan

ber-n saki(ulsun-iyan keiye 43r

salbar

salbar

a(ur-a salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r

salbar-un

a(ur-a salbarun ula(an degde nismi 12r

sal(a-

sal(abasu

kbegn ainar-i ber-e sal(abasu 34r

adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v

2030
WORD INDEX

mal-i ber-e sal(abasu 36v

sal(an

adu(usun sal(an srglebes 36r

salkin

salkin

ula(an salkin

qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r

yeke salkin bolqu 14r, 15r

salkin-u

salkin-u a( ekilemi 8r

salm-a

salm-a-bar

albin salm-a-bar

albin salm-a-bar kliki na(idar 27v

sam-a

sam-a

na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r

sambur-a

sambur-a

Jagr-a sambur-a 1v

sambur-a-yin

2031
WORD INDEX

Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn 2v

Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar 3r

samla-

samla

ede a(tur sn-i samla 51r

sana-

sana(san

ese sana(san (ajar-aa dayisun bolqu 42v

sana(-a

sana(-a

kbegn trbes oyun qurdun gen-tr uran sana(-a tbin bged sayin

ner-e aldariqu 61v

sana(atu

oyun qurdun olan sana(atu itegelgei bged nayan nasulaqu buyu 61r

sandali

sandali

bein edr in-e iregen sandali deger-e l sa(uqu 58r

sandali met 59v

sang

sang

Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur 2v

2032
WORD INDEX

k sang

k sang negebes 22v, 36r, 37r

k sang-un ger baribasu 25v

k sang-un ger bosqabasu 30r

k sang bari(i odun 59r

sang negebes 36r

sang l negek 35v

sang negegek 48r

sang quriyang(ui mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

degreng sang mr (arbasu sayin 49r

tngri-yin sang 49v

sang-dur

tngri-yin sang-dur mr (arbasu sayin 49r

sang-un

dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v

sang-un ger qo(osun boluyu 34r

sang-un ger bosqabasu 36v

sanggn

[see under janggn]

sangvar

sangvar

2033
WORD INDEX

baa( sangvar abubasu 43v, 61r

sar-a/sara(n)

sara/sar-a 6v, 8r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r

ineleki sara 2r

qaburun terign sar-a 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r

Mig sara 2r

Baras sar-a/sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 58v

qubi sara 2v, 8r, 8r, 37r, 37r

Bus sar-a 3r

Sua( sar-a 3r

saban sar-a 3r, 3r, 3v, 4r, 5r, 5v, 6v, 6v, 7r

arban qoyar sara 3r

qaburun dumdadu sara 4r, 8r, 9r

un-u dumdadu sar-a 4r, 11r, 12r, 13r

namurun dumdadu sara 4r, 14r, 15r

ebln dumdadu sara 4r

sara degrki bara(daqui-yi medegdeki 4r

b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek 4r

il sara mi-yin a(ur okiramui 4r

Sara(n) odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v,

2034
WORD INDEX

14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 22r, 22r, 37r,

37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 43r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45v,

45v, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 55v, 56r, 56r, 56v

edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r

(uin qono( nigen sar-a 5r

(uin qono( bolbasu nigen sar-a bolumui 5v

arban qoyar sar-a nigen il 5r

[arban] qoyar sara bolbasu nigen saban sar-a bolumui 5v

ir(u(an sar-a 5v

nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad 5v

arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au 6v

aliba sara saban bges tere sara edge irek on-u saban sarayin qoyin-a

oroi(ulqu bui 6v

bing baras sara 7v

uu baras sara 7v

king baras sara 7v

im baras sara 7v

a baras sara 7v

ding taulai sara 7v

gii taulai sara 7v

2035
WORD INDEX

in taulai sara 7v

ki taulai sara 7v

ii taulai sara 7v

uu luu sara 7v

king luu sara 7v

im luu sara 7v

a luu sara 7v

bing luu sara 7v

gi mo(ai sara 7v

in mo(ai sara 7v

ki mo(ai sara 7v

ii mo(ai sara 7v

ding mo(ai sara 7v

king morin sara 7v

im morin sara 7v

a morin sara 7v

bing morin sara 7v

uu morin sara 7v

in qonin sara 7v

ki qonin sara 7v

ii qonin sara 7v

2036
WORD INDEX

ding qonin sara 7v

gii qonin sara 7v

im bein sara 7v

a bein sara 7v

bing bein sara 7v

uu bein sara 7v

king bein sara 7v

ki takiy-a sara 7v

ii takiy-a sara 7v

ding takiy-a sara 7v

gi takiy-a sara 7v

in takiy-a sara 7v

a noqai sara 7v

bing noqai sara 7v

uu noqai sara 7v

king noqai sara 7v

im noqai sara 7v

ii (aqai sara 7v

ding (aqai sara 7v

gi (aqai sara 7v

in (aqai sara 7v

2037
WORD INDEX

ki (aqai sara 7v

bing qulu(an-a sara 7v

uu qulu(an-a sara 7v

king qulu(an-a sara 7v

im qulu(an-a sara 7v

a qulu(an-a sara 7v

ding ker sara 7v

gi ker sara 7v

in ker sara 7v

ki ker sara 7v

ii ker sara 7v

ebln es Mig sara 8r

yeke riddi qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara bolai 8r

qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r

qaburun es sara 9r

taulai sara 9r, 9r

qoyar sara 9r

qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara 10r

un-u terign sara 10r

qaburun es sara 10r

luu sara 10r, 10r

2038
WORD INDEX

(urban sara 10r

qaburun es ua( sara 11r

un-u terign sar-a 11r

mo(ai sar-a 11r, 11r

drben sar-a 11r

ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r

un-u terign ista sar-a 12r

un-u es sara 12r, 13r

tabun sara 12r

morin sara 12r, 12r

namurun terign sara 13r, 14r

qonin sara 13r, 13r

ir(u(an sara 13r, 37v

un-u es Abiji sara 14r

bein sar-a 14r, 14r

dolo(an sar-a 14r, 56v [here not name but duration?]

namurun terign Burvabadaribad sara 15r

namurun es sar-a 15r, 16r

takiy-a sara 15r, 15r

naiman sara 15r, 37r

tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

2039
WORD INDEX

namurun dumdadu Aivani sara 16r

ebln terign sara 16r, 17r

noqai sara 16r, 16r

isn sara 16r

namurun es Kerteg sar-a 17r

ebln dumdadu sar-a 17r, 18r

(aqai sar-a 17r

ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r

ebln es sar-a 18r, 19r

qulu(an-a sar-a/sara 18r, 18r

arban nigen sar-a 18r

ebln dumdadu Bus sar-a 19r

ker sar-a/sara 19r, 19r, 58v

kgeler-n sar-a 19r

kgeler sara 38v

gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san qara sara bui 20v

nara sara 32v

nara sara kirtbes 25v

nara sara kbes 27r, 32r

2040
WORD INDEX

nara sara bari(i do(in gara( 42v

il kiged sar-a edr a(-un qara-yi il(au beisgei 41r

geyireglgi sara

namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r

ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r

ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r

ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r

namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r

un-u (urban sar-a 42r

il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei 48r

yeke sara bges 51v

sara yeke bges 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r

ba(-a sara bges 51v

sara ba(-a bges 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r

gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v

on sara edr a( me 55r

1 sara 59v

sara-aa

arban nigen sara-aa tabun sara krtel-e sayin 37v

sarada 11r, 15r, 38v, 40r

ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui 3r

2041
WORD INDEX

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui 3r

naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer 6r

qoyar sarada 9r

(urban sarada 10r

drben sarada erdem sur(abasu 11r

ir(u(an sarada erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles kiged abiig

abubasu 13r

dolo(an sarada sayitar oroi(ulbasu 14r

naiman sarada i(ul(an i(ulbasu 15r

isn sarada gken tusa btegebes 16r

arban sarada a(an morin qudaldubasu 17r

arban nigen sarada ed mal (ada(i gbes 18r

kgeler sarada usun-u iles iledbes 19r

qaburun (urban sarada 42r, 42r

un-u (urban sarada 42r

namurun (urban sarada 42r, 42r

ebln (urban sarada 42r, 42r

ede sarada 37v

ede sarada okin-u bey-e- d ma(u 51r

ede sarada tegi sayin bui 51r

ede sarada i(ui-du ma(u bui 51r

2042
WORD INDEX

ede sarada eige eke-de ma(u bui 51r

ede sarada qadam eige eke-de ma(u 51r

ede sarada er-e-d ma(u bui 51r

qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign 55r

un-u (urban sarada<n> terign 55r

namurun (urban sarada terign 55r

ebln (urban sarada terign 55r

sar-a-du

Sua( sar-a arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer nereyidk 3r

sar-a-dur

qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin qono( bui 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei 3r

Luu sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gei-yin tula 3v

Morin sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tulada 3v

Bein sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v

Noqai sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

'aqai sara-dur (uingei-yin tulada 3v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui 3v

2043
WORD INDEX

ker sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v

saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki bui 4r

arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r

arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

qoyar sara-dur 6r

taban sara-dur kgerge talbibasu 12r

arban qoyar sara-dur nigen il 33r

sar-a/sara/saran-lu(-a

na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san 8r

sara(n)-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belgelemi 18r, 19r

saran-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an 38r

sara-lu(-a edr qamtudu(san-iyar luus-un qad-un i(ulqu edr 39r

saran-lu(-a edr qamtuddu(san-iyar gara(-ud-un idei ereki-yin

arudasun baling do(in 39r

nara sara-lu(-a saa(u yabumui 55r

sar-a-yi 4r, 10r

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au 2r, 3r

Mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au 2v

qaburun terign Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(au 2v

Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki 2v

2044
WORD INDEX

qaburun dumdadu Jayitari sara-yi il-n terign bol(au 3r

ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu 3v

saban sara-yi adalidqabasu 4r, 4r

saban sar-a-yi l meden 4r

sar-a-yi ali na(idar inu ekilek degrk ba. bara(daqui medek kereg 4v

arban qoyar sar-a-yi ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au 6v

saban sara-yi orii(ulqui ar(-a kemebes 6v

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui 51r

er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola 52v

em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru( 52v

sara-yin

qaburun terign sarayin arbun tabun-a 2r

qaburun terign sarayin . . . 2r

arban qoyar sarayin 60r

arban qoyar sarayin to(-a 2v

arban qoyar sarayin ngge medek krdn ene bui 7v

arban qoyar sarayin isn in-e 41v [see kgeler sara]

arban qoyar sarayin qara 41r

arban qoyar sarayin o(tu edr 47r

arban qoyar sarayin yang gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen

ma(u edr 47r

2045
WORD INDEX

arban qoyar sarayin Modun gokimoi 48r

Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r

sar-a-u urida nggeriged 3v

sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg buyu 4v

ebln dumdadu sarayin 5v

merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei 6v

saban sarayin qoyin-a 6v

aliba sarayin 37v, 56v, 58v

aliba sarayin qoyitu arban tabun-u a(ur gei bges tere saban

sara 6v

aliba sarayin l sedk edr 47v

aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n

sayin ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v

nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun 7r

qubi sarayin nigen inide 7r

qubi sarayin 38r, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v,

43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 50v

sarayin (al 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

sarayin in-e 37r, 37v, 37v

drben ekin sarayin (urban isn-e i(ulumui 38r

2046
WORD INDEX

drben dumdadu sarayin (urban dolo(an-a i(ulumui 38r

drben es sarayin (urban tabun-a i(ulumui 38r

qoyar sarayin arban ir(u(an-a 38v

qoyar sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

(urban sarayin qorin qoyar-a 38v

(urban sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

drben sarayin naiman inede 38v

drben sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r, 60v

tabun sarayin arban tabun qorin qoyar-a 38v

tabun sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

ir(u(an sarayin naiman inede 38v

ir(u(an sarayin 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42r, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

dolo(an sarayin qorin tabun-a 38v

dolo(an sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

naiman sarayin arban-aa (uin krtel-e 38v

2047
WORD INDEX

naiman sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v,

44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e 38v

isn sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

arban sarayin arban drben-ee arban ir(u(an krtel-e 38v

arban sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r,

44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

arban nigen sarayin qorin qoyar-aa (uin krtel-e 38v

arban nigen sarayin 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v, 60r

kgeler sarayin qorin dolon-a 39r

kgeler sarayin 39v, 39v, 40r, 41v, 42v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r,

47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v

baras morin noqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v

taulai qonin (aqai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v, 53v

luu bein qulu(an-a sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v

qulu(an-a luu bein sarayin 53v

takiy-a ker mo(ai sarayin 40r, 40v, 40v

ker mo(ai takiy-a sarayin 53v

sarayin qo(osun 40r

2048
WORD INDEX

drben terign sarayin 48v

drben terign sarayin terign-i qara 41r

drben terign sarayin mo(ai edr 48r

drben terign sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

drben dumdadu sarayin 48v

drben dumdadu sarayin niru(u-i qara 41r

drben dumdadu sarayin takiy-a edr 48r

drben dumdadu sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

drben es sarayin 48v

drben es sarayin segl-i qara bui 41r

drben es sarayin ker edr 48r

drben es sarayin mr (arqu krdn ene bui 49r

iroi odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

Sara odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

'al odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

Modun odun ekilegsen sarayin 43r

nigen sarayin 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v

nigen sarayin mo(ai 48v [see qubi sara]

1 sarayin 50r

2 sarayin 50r

3 sarayin 50r

2049
WORD INDEX

4 sarayin 50r

5 sarayin 50r

6 sarayin 50r

7 sarayin 50r

8 sarayin 50r

9 sarayin 50r

10 sarayin 50r

11 sarayin 50r

12 sarayin 50r

qara sarayin asal 50v

tere sarayin qari g qadqu sayin bui 50v

(abiy-a-tu sarayin inede 52r

yeke sarayin inein (urban 53r

ken sarayin inein qoyar 53r

baras bein sarayin 53v

taulai takiy-a sarayin 53v

luu noqai sarayin 53v

mo(ai (aqai sarayin 53v

qulu(an-a morin sarayin 53v

ker qonin sarayin 53v

baras sarayin 53v

2050
WORD INDEX

taulai sarayin 53v

luu sarayin 53v

mo(ai sarayin 53v

morin sarayin 53v

qonin sarayin 53v

bein sarayin 53v

takiy-a sarayin 53v

noqai sarayin 53v

(aqai sarayin 53v

qulu(an-a sarayin 53v

ker sarayin 53v

namurun dumdadu sarayin 56v

qaburun es sarayin 56v

sarad

[see under irad]

saras

saras-tur

qara saras-dur sm-e keyid bosqabasu 41r

saras-un

saras-un yeke ken 7r

qara sara-un 41r

2051
WORD INDEX

sari

sari

tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari 1v

sarid

[see under arid]

sasa

sasa

sasa deledbes 42r

sayid

sayid-un erge-dr oro(ulu(i odun 33r, 33v

sayin

sayin 8r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 21v,

22r, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 24r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v, 26v,

27r, 27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v,

30v, 31r, 31r, 31v, 31v, 31v, 31r, 32r, 33r, 34r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r,

35r, 35r, 35r, 35v, 35v, 35v, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 36v, 37r, 37r, 37r,

37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v,

37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 38r, 39v, 41v,

41v, 41v, 41v, 42r, 42v, 43r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v,

45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46v,

46v, 46v, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v, 48v,

2052
WORD INDEX

48v, 48v, 48v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 49v, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r,

50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51v, 51v, 51v, 51v, 52r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53r,

53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v, 54v,

54v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v, 55v,

56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56r, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v, 56v,

56v, 56v, 56v, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r, 59r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v

sayin boro(an 61r, 61r

sayin buyan 1v

sayin ma(u

sayin ma(u ai r-e inu 4r

sayin ma(u-yi belgelemui 8r, 9r, 10r

sayin ma(u-[y]i jek krdn 21r, 49v

sayin ma(u-yi glsgei.34r

uiral-un sayin ma(u-yi biisgei 44r

drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral 45r

gara(-ud kiged na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-yi 45v

2053
WORD INDEX

iles-n sayin ma(u-yi ila(ayu 46r

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-yi il(au 46r

il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral 46v

na(idar-lu(-a arban qoyar il qamtudbasu sayin ma(u il(al-i

ek 46v

il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au 48r

Nagajun-a ba(i-yin nomla(san aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-n

sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 49v

arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek

krdn 50r

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-[y]i ek krdn 50v

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu jg-n sayin ma(u-yi jek

krdn 50v

odud-un sayin ma(u qa(al(-a 33r

sayin burqan 29v

sayiqan

sayiqan kbegn 52v

sayiiya-

qamu( burqad tngri-nar bayasun sayiiyamu 60v

sayitur

sayitur 4r, 14r, 37v, 46r, 51r

2054
WORD INDEX

sayitur uqaju 2v

sebeg

sebeg-dr

qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r

seig

seig

rgli seig

qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r

seig taribasu 36v

dabqur seig

dabqur seig met 59v

seii

seii

lge-yin iig neret seii delgeremi 15r

sein

sein

mergen lng aburitu sein ba(atur dayisun-i daru(ad 25v

kmn-e erggdek sein bolu(ad 29r

sedki-

sedkigsen

li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen bty 45v

2055
WORD INDEX

sedkigsen ile btk 58r

sedki

narin bo(ol ma(u sedke 28r

ya(un sedke 47v

sedkik

olan kmn ma(u sedkek 56r

sedkil

sedkil

ssg sedkil egske 4v

quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r

qaram sedkil 27v

sedkil inu batu 29r

riyek sedkelgeg boluyu 29v

do(id-un sedkil (angqui na(idar 29v

sedkil inu ma(u 32r

sedkil btk 46v

sedkil obaqu 50r, 56r, 56v

sedkil l amuqu 58r

sedkil-dr

sedkil-dr okis-tu bolumui 56v

sedkil-t

2056
WORD INDEX

gken sedkil-d boluyu

sedkil-n

(ana gr-d sedkil-n inar 1v

sedkilten

sedkilten

degerkei sedkilten kmi 28v

sed-

sedbes

aliba iles sedbes ma(u bui 46v

iles sedbes 61r

sedk

l sedk 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

l sedk edr 47v

seger

seger-t

a(an seger<i>t qara noqai 22r

segder

segder

nara emnei odqui es-dr kr nara bayiqu dngi edr dli

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u segder inu ir(u(an qubi bolumui 6r

2057
WORD INDEX

tegn-ee niiged niiged gertr yegdk edr niiged niiged qubi

segder (arumui 6r

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli dolo(an

qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r

niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged qubi segder

neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r

(aar-dur serign segder una(ad 14r

kiten segder unau 16r

tngri-yin segder

(urban in-e arban nigen arban isn qorin dolo(an tngri-yin

segder sayin 49v

segder-tr

niiged niiged gertr yegdkeki-dr niiged niiged qubi segder

neme ir(u(an qubi segder-dr krbes nigen il bolumui 6r

segl

segl

drben odun-u dri inu segl met bui 30r

kl-n segl

kl-n segl tasulbasu 32r

kl-n segl l tasuriyu 34r

kl-n segl l tasuraqu ma(u 41r

2058
WORD INDEX

drben es sarayin segl-i qara bui 41r

buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v

segl inu rn-e 55r

segl inu umar-a 55r

segl inu doron-a 55r

segl inu emn-e 55r

segl-dr

segl-dr kbegn olan bolqu 52v

segl-tr okin olan 52v

segl-tr yasun buu (ar(-a 55r

segl-ee

em-e sar-a-yi segl-ee buru(u (to(ola) 52v

segl-t

mo(ai seglt 55r

selbi-

selbi

ebderegsen ger buu selbi 34v

sere-

sereki

bein sereki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

2059
WORD INDEX

19v, 19v

serign

serign

(aar-dur serign segder una(ad 14r

soddu

soddu

qong keriy-e- [=yin] soddu 60r

so(

so(

so( ariyan

so( ariyan-u rgesn 60r

solbi-

solbi(san

solbi(san ala( iruqai

kegr l oroi(ulqu edrn belge solbi(san ala( iruqai bui 20r

solbi(san qara iruqai 20v, 44v

tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v

sonos-

sonos

ar(u buu sonos buu i(-a 36r

sonosqu

2060
WORD INDEX

sayin ge sonosqu 50v, 58r

kimusun ta(aribasu sayin kelen sonosqu 57v

sonosu(ad

qa(an sonosu(ad uridu yosu(ar darui takil-<y>i beled asa(ur-un 32v

sonosta-

sonostaqu

debel tlebes okin kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu 57v

sorbi

sorbi

ni(ur-tur sorbi mengge 4v

soyo(-a

soyo(-a

bodong (aqay-yin soyo(-a 60r

sgd-

sgdbes

krgen sgdbes 23v

sgdk

kn krgen sgdk krdn ene bui 60r

sn

sn-dr

sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel bari(san bui 54v

2061
WORD INDEX

sn-e

sn-e

amatu sn-e Burvabadaribad buyu 34r

sn-e-dr

yeke amatu sn-e-dr morin buu dobtul 33v

sni

sni 38v

nigen gan-aa ekile edr sni sar-a il bol(au 5r

edr sni sau(uu bolumui 5v

sni arban tabun tediken qubi 5v

edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek ba 5v

ba(uraqu-bar edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

edr ir(u(an a( sni ir(u(an a( bol(au 5v

qoyar deb-dr edrsni sau(uu bolu(san 6r

qoyar deb-dr edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

n un bolbasu qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r

Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r

edr qorin ir(u(an qubi sni (uin drben qubi 8r, 18r

edr qorin naiman qubi sni (uin qoyar qubi 9r, 17r

edr sni qubi sau(u bol- 10r, 16r

edr (uin qoyar qubi. sni qorin naiman qubi 11r, 15r

2062
WORD INDEX

edr (uin drben qubi. sni qorin ir(u(an qubi 12r, 14r

edr (uin ir(u(an qubi. sni qorin drben qubi 13r

edr qorin drben qubi. sni (uin ir(u(an qubi 19r

ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r

sni dli 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42v, 42v

tong sni 42v

sni-dr

nigen edr qoyar sni-dr a(un mi buyu 6r

(aar-a kmn- ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge [. . .]

ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

sni-yin

edr sni-yin a( mi-yin qubi 2v

edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v

sni-yin dli 38v

snge-

snge

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bei (al-dur tleged isn adqu

iroi isn aya(-a usun-iyar snge 22r

suba(

suba(

2063
WORD INDEX

suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r

usun suba( tatabasu 36r

suba( asabasu 42r

subur(-a/subur(an

subur(-a

doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 45r

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

subur(-a bosqabasu 23v, 25r, 26r, 30r, 31v, 32r

subur(-a baribasu 42v

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas keyiki

sayin edr 37v

subur(an

subur(an met 59v

suuli

[see under sauli]

sudul-

sudulju

eden-i sudulju 4r

sudur

sudur

burqan-u nomla(san sudur dandris kiged ilang(uy-a a(-un krdn 2r

2064
WORD INDEX

sudur-lu(-a

na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v

sudur-nu(ud

sudur-nu(ud beibes 21v

sudur-tur 4r

Kitad-un Lii-du ting sang neret sudur-dur 2v

Nagajun-a ba(i terigten merged a(-un krdn terigten sudur-tur

nomlauqui 3r

sudur-ud

sudur-ud-tur

arilu(san-u to(-a inu busu sudur-ud-tur nomlauqui 2r

sudur-un

olan sudur-un ta(alal 4r

sui

sui

uu sui

ene on uu sui 7r

suali

[see under suu ali]

sumun

2065
WORD INDEX

sumun-dur

tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v

sumun-iyar

mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi

buyu 5r

sun-a

[compare sn-e??]

sun-a

yeke sun-a odun 59r

sura(

sura(

teyim nigen kmn sura( glemi 22v

sur(a-

sur(abasu

erdem sur(abasu 11r, 25r, 31r, 31v, 32r

morin sur(abasu 21v, 28r, 31r, 34v

biig to(-a sur(abasu 22v

una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r

uqa(an sur(abasu 23v

biig to(-a erdem uqa(an sur(abasu 23v

biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r

2066
WORD INDEX

ker sur(abasu 28v

a(al morin sur(abasu 29r

sur(aqu

biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin 56v

Sua(

[see under ua(]

suu

suu

suu ali

suali-yu(an takiu 21v

suu ali-yu(an taki- 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v, 25v, 28v

Suvadi/Suvadi

Suvadi 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 53r, 59r,

59v/Suvadi 12v, 21r

Suvadi na(idar kemebes nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i na(idar

bui 28v

nigen kmn-i a(un bol(a(i Suvadi buyu 33v

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Suvadi ma(u 37v

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr inu. [. . .] iroi odun Suvadi

qoyar 45r

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

2067
WORD INDEX

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadi eden (al

bui 61r

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] odun sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 55v

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Suvadai [. . .] sayin 55v

Rokini Burnavasu Suvadai ua( Anurad Udarisad Abaji irvan Tanis

Aivani ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r

em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Suvadi [. . .] sayin 56r

biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu. [. . .]

Suvadai [. . .] sayin 56v

Pus Suvadi Rivadi Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn-

iles-d sayin 60v

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman

na(idar bui. [. . .] emne Mig kiged Suvadi qoyar 60v

Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l

tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v

sing

sing

sing kemek edr mr (arbasu dumda 49v

ske

2068
WORD INDEX

ske-dr

Mig na(idar kemebes ske-dr adali bui

Smber

Smber

Smber a(ul-a 32v, 38v, 55r

Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v, 32v

sm-e

sm-e

sm-e keyid

sm-e keyid bari- 21v, 23r

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr 37r

sm-e keyid bosqa- 24r, 41v, 44v, 45v

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a bosqabasu 25r

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin

edr 37v

sm-e keyid ba subur(-a burqan nom kiged-i oroi(ulqui rabnas

keyiki sayin edr 37v

sm-e baribasu 31v, 47v

sm-e subur(-a baribasu 42v

snes(n)

snes(n)

2069
WORD INDEX

ra(as-un snesn na(idar bui 25v

ariyatan-u snesn na(idar 27v

emegen- snesn na(idar 31v

kger-n snesn tlebes 35v

(aar-un snes 58v, 58v

sng

sng

sng kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v

sr

sr

isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar bui 25r

ada(usun(-u) sr dalalbasu 31r, 46v

sri-

sri

altan buu sri 35r

srg

srg

adu(usun srg sal(abasu 35v

srgle-

srglebes

ada(usun srglebes 21v, 32r

2070
WORD INDEX

adu(usun-i srglebes 37r

qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v

adu(usun sal(an srglebes 36r

mal srglebes 37r

ssg

ssg

ssg sedkil egske 4v

abi

abi-nar

abinar ge-dr duralayu 27r

abu

abu kiged-n g buu yabu 53r

a(aa(ai

[see also aa(ai]

a(aa(ai

keriy-e ba a(aa(ai: kegbes sayin bui 57r

a(abad

a(abad

a(abad tegldr (boluu) 28r, 29r

a(abad-iyan

toyin bolbasu a(abad-iyan alda(ad 27r

2071
WORD INDEX

a(abad-iyan ebdek 29v

toyin bolbasu agabud-iyan yoso(ar sakiqu bolu(ad 56v

aa(ai

[see also a(aa(ai]

aa(ai

ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r

ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

aji

aji

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r

edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6v

ara/ira

ara

ara sar-a

gede qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

doro(i qandu(san ara sar-a bui 20r

ara kiiri bariu 23r

ara ken kmn qula(uu amui 24r

ara iroi-du (aar-a ni(uu amu 24r

ara kegeri bariu 24v

2072
WORD INDEX

ara debel buu ed'ke buu ems 35r

ara tege 59r

ara iba(un 59r

ara quma( 60r

ara ula(an quma( 60r

ira

ira (aqai 41r

ara-nu(ud

ara-nu(ud-iyar

ara-nu(ud-iyar ime 23r

ar(-a

ar(-a 52v

arid

arid

sarid [=arid] deledbes 28v

arid deledbes 30r

arq-a

yar-a arq-a bolqu 50r

astir

astir

2073
WORD INDEX

astir medegid-e ma(u 30v

astir-aa

Kitad-un astir-aa uqa(daqui 2r

astir-nu(ud

astir-nu(ud-tur

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur nom'la(san 1v

astir-tur

(aru(san astir-tur bertegin kbegn iles iledk bges 2r

Kitad to(alaqui astir-tur 2r

ibad

ibad-un

ibad-un qurim kibes 44r

iba(ud

iba(ud

i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] qamu( iba(ud iremi 10r

iba(un

iba(un

eliy-e iba(un

i(ur-a [=a(ur-a] eliy-e iba(un qoiyalamui 9r

kkege iba(un

a(ur-a kkeg[e] iba(un dong(oddumui 11r

2074
WORD INDEX

a(ur-a kkege<g> iba(un emnei qarimui 14r

kir(a(ul iba(un

a(ur-a kir(a(ul iba(un ula(lamui 13r

ularu iba(un

a(ura ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r

qara(ai iba(un

qara(ai iba(un taulai bariu tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

usun iba(un

a(ur-a usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui 17r

salbar iba(un

a(ur-a salbar iba(un ndegelemi 18r

kegrigen-e iba(un

takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r

qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r

iba(un igrt kimusutu 55r

iba(un met 59v

iba(un-u

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i]timeriddgi odun ali bui 33r

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] (al-dur timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v

ara iba(un-u 59r

idar

2075
WORD INDEX

idar

idar tatabasu 28v

idi/idi

idi/idi

Anurad-du deged idi olqu boluyu 38r

qoyar iroi uirabasu idi btky-yin uaral 45v

idi btky-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v

igrde-

igrdebes

i(asun igrdebes 36v

igs

igs-ber

a(an Qonin igs-ber takibau l oyiiyamu kemeki 60v

iim

iim

rne umara-yin iim odun 59r

iker

iker

ingqun. iker (angla(ur terigten 50v

ilige

ilige

2076
WORD INDEX

ilige buu (ar(a 34r

ilmus

[see under imnus]

ilu(un

ilu(un

ilu(un n<e>gge gelen odun 59r

kbegn trbes ilu(un aburitu bolu(ad 61v

im

im

ding im

ding im yile 7v

ding im edr 7v

im baras

im baras sara 7v

im baras a( 7v

im luu

im luu sara 7v

im luu a( 7v

im morin

im morin sara 7v

im morin a( 7v

2077
WORD INDEX

im bein

im bein sara 7v

im bein a( 7v

im noqai

im noqai sara 7v

im noqai a( 7v

im qulu(an-a

im qulu(an-a sara 7v

im qulu(an-a a( 7v

im gi 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

imnus/im[n]us/ilmus/imu

imnus

burqan im[n]us kiged ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge ala( debisker bui 20v

im[n]us btgebes 28r

(aar kdelbes tngri im[n]us gen bolumui 32r

qamu(-i geyireglgi qara imu kemem 42v

tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr kemebes 43r

beri-yin drben ilmus kemebes dayiwang tayiqu itgen eke. lii klil

tngri-yin noqai ede-[y]i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r

imnus-i

2078
WORD INDEX

im[n]us-i ila(u(san edrn belge inu qara nara bui 20r

imnus-ud

drben imnus-ud ba eke-ber kriyelegl i(ulumui 38v

imnus-un

im[n]us-un edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(sun subur(-a 20r

ber'i ba(ul(abasu debes imnus-un qo(olai-dur oroqu ma(u bui 27v

ista na(idar kemebes im[n]us-un na(idar bui 29v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui 45r

im[n]us-un ila(u(san dolo(an edr 45r

usun-dur alda(san imnus-un odun 59r

grgein imnus-un odun 59r

imu

[see under imnus]

in/ing

in 52r

bing in yile 7v

in taulai sara 7v

in mo(ai sara 7v

in qonin sara 7v

in takiy-a sara 7v

in (aqai sara 7v

2079
WORD INDEX

in ker sara 7v

bing in edr 7v

in taulai a( 7v

in mo(ai a( 7v

in qonin a( 7v

in takiy-a a( 7v

in (aqai a( 7v

in ker a( 7v

ging in<g> 41r/ging in 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

in-e/ini

in-e/ini

in-e nabi 3r

in-e debel 4v, 21v, 25r, 28v, 29v, 32r, 34r, 56r

nigen in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

39v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v,

50r, 54r, 54r, 55v, 56v, 58v

qoyar in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

(urban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39r, 39r, 40r, 43v, 43v, 44v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50r,

50v

2080
WORD INDEX

drben in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

43v, 44r, 46v, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v

tabun in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v, 19v,

39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r

ir(u(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v,

19v, 39v, 40r, 43v, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v

dolo(an in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v,

37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 50r, 50v

naiman in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 39r,

40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 56v

isn in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

41v, 43r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 43v, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r,

49r, 49v, 49v, 54r

arban in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 40r,

41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v

in-e ger 22r, 23r, 24r, 25r, 25v, 26v, 28v, 35r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 37r, 47v

in-e qa(al(-a 22r, 48r

in-e (aar 24r, 61r

in-e mala(-a 34v, 57r

in-e er-e em-e 35r

2081
WORD INDEX

in-e beri 35r

in-e ong(oa 35v, 36r, 36v

in-e kebtein 35v, 36r, 36v, 36v

in-e krge 36r

in-e irigen 36v

sarayin in-e 37v

in-e nutuglabasu 41v

in-e nutu( 43r

in-e kmn 53v

in-e asaraqu 53v

in-e iregen sandali 58r

in-e-de/inede/inide

nigen inede 2r, 7r, 17r, 40r

(urban inede 44r

drben inede 14r

tabun inede 40r

ir(u(an inede 38v, 44r

dolo(an in-e-de/inede/inide 8r, 11r, 51v

naiman inede 38v, 38v, 39v, 44r, 56v

isn inede 40r

sarayin inede 37r, 37v, 52r

2082
WORD INDEX

in-e-dr

ir(u(an sar-a-yi in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu 3v

in-e-ee/ini-ee

drben ini-ee arban tabun krtel-e 13r

isn sarayin naiman in-e-ee (uin krtel-e 38v

inein

[see under sin-e-yin]

in-e-yin/inein

inein nigen 41v

inein/in-e-yin qoyar 37v, 37v, 38r, 53r, 56v

inein/in-e-yin (urban 37v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 53r, 56v

inein drben 38r, 44v

inein/in-e-yin tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 56v

inein ir(u(an 38r, 38r

inein dolo(an 12r, 38r, 38r

inein naiman 37v, 37v, 38r, 39v, 39v, 41v, 43r

inein isn 39v, 41v

inein/in-e-yin arban 38r, 38r, 56v

inedke-

inedkebes

burqan itgen inidkebes 24r

2083
WORD INDEX

ger tergen inedkebes 54r

inele-

inelegsen

inelegsen-ee

Baras sara-yi qubi sara bol(au inelegsen-ee ekilen to(olau 2v

inelek

mig sara-yi qaburun ekin Baras sar-a bol(au inelek bolai 2v

il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr inelek inu 3r

ineleki

ineleki sara 2r

inelemi

in-e nabi uquyiqui-dur inelemi 3r

Margiar sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r

Mig sar-a-i qaburun terign sar-a bol(au inelemi 3r

[Jayitari] sara-i a(-un krdin-dr il-n terign bol(an inelemi 10r

ing

[see under in]

ingbng

[see under ingpng]

ingge-

ingge

2084
WORD INDEX

nara ingge 6v

inggeki

nara inggeki (a() 38v, 38v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 42r

ingpng/ingbng

ingpng

ingpng gik edr 20v, 53v

qara ingpng giki anu 42r

ingpng-n

qara ingpng-n yabudal kemebes 42r

qara ingpng-yin belge inu qara ji sg bui 42v

ingq-a sari

tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari 1v

ingqun

ingqun 50v

ini

[see under in-e]

inidke-

[see under inedke-]

inile-

inilebes

morin inilebes 27v

2085
WORD INDEX

inileki

nidn-iyen odun na(idar-i nasuda inileki kereg 4v

inilegde-

inilegdeki

na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyalduquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r

intara-

intarayu

mandal kibes intarayu 42r

ira

[see under ara]

irad

[see also under irid]

irad

irad-nu(ud-iyar

irad-nu(ud-iyar

sarad [=irad]-nu(ud-iyar ime 24v

irbegel

irbegel

sn-dr uira(san beri (arta(an irbegel bari(san bui 54v

tegn (artur nigen irbegel bari(ulu 54v

irege(n)

2086
WORD INDEX

irege(n)

in-e irigen oro asabasu 36v

oron-u irige baribasu 37r

iregen sandali deger-e l sa(uqu 58r

ir(oli

ir(oli

ir(oli terigten amitan degde o(tar(ui-dur (arumui 15r

irge-

irgey

usun irgey 30r

irid/irad

irad

irad kibes 23v

irid-n

irid-n ger baribasu 26v

iro(ai

iro(ai-dur

ong(od-i takibasu iro(ai-dur adali 48r

iroi

iroi 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21v,

21v, 21v, 45v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

2087
WORD INDEX

iroi odun 4v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v,

14v, 15v, 15v. 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 38r, 43r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 46r, 46v, 48v, 48v, 50v, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au nigen inede iroi

odun-iyar ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki terigten

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara(

bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r

iroi odun kcn tegs-n a( 24r

isn adqu iroi 22r

isn doboa( iroi 23v

iroi kdelgebes 42r

qoyar iroi uirabasu idei btki-yin uaral 45v

usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r

(al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r

iroi-tu

ara iroi-du (aar 24r

2088
WORD INDEX

iroy-yin

iroi odun kemebes dumdadu bk (aar-un ein- gara(

bky-yin tula. yeke erket iroy-yin inar buyu 24r

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v

irvan/irvang/iravan

irvan 9v, 10v, [11v], 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 37v, 37v, 45v, 48v,

55v, 56r/irvang 8v, 12v, 21r, 44v, 59r, 59v/iravan 56v

irvan na(idar kemebes basar belid-n na(idar bui 30v

Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v

drben belbesn odun kemebes Kerteg istan Burvabalguni irvan

kiged buyu 61r

Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r

Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk

obo(-tan buyu 61v

ita-

itaqu

timer itaqu 60r

it-

it

qamtudquy-yin ir(u(an qubi-dur it 2r

2089
WORD INDEX

itn

itn barildaqui

itn barildaqui iles 1v

arban qoyar itn barildaqui 2v, 2v

itgen

itgen

qono(-un (urban il il(al terigten-i medegdek-yin itgen 2r

itgen eke 8r, 14r, 52r

burqan itgen inidkebes 24r

itgen bayi(ulqui 45v

burqan-u itgen egdbes 46v

itgen-dr

itgen-dr qutu( oroi(ulbasu 38r, 43v

itgen-i

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr 37v

itgen-

itgen- eke 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 53r

iu

iu

teng iu un

Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r

2090
WORD INDEX

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v

iu quriya(i edr 36v

ua(/Sua(

ua( 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 52r, 61r/Sua( 8v,

21r, 53r, 59r, 59v

ua( sara

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdn-dr qaburun es ua( sara 11r

Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un

neres-iyer nereyidk 3v

ua( na(idar

o(tar(ui-dur ua( na(idar-iyar r geyim 11r

ua( na(idar kemebes (ada(adu Kitad-un na(idar bui 29r

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] ua( ma(u 37v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .]

Usun odun ua( qoyar 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui.[. . .]

Saran odun ua( qoyar 45r

Kerteg Barani ua(Burvabadaribad Pus Mig Burvabalguni ede

dolo(an na(idar (al-un inar bui 45v

Asli( ua( irvan Barani eden iroi-yin inar buyu 61r

2091
WORD INDEX

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin 55v

debel emsk sayin edr kemebes [. . .] ua( [. . .] sayin 56r

biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu [. . .]

ua( [. . .] sayin 56v

Bus Asli( ua( Qasta ista Aivani ede ir(u(an na(idar abaig

abqui sayin 56v

ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui 60v

Kerteg ua( qoyar ing bged gelen obo(-tan buyu 61v

ta

ta 1v

mn tere sara-yi qoyar ta egdeki buyu 4r

tabang

tabang baribasu 23r

tabu(n)

tabu

arban tabu 47r, 53r

qorin tabu 53r

tabun 37v, 40r, 56v, 56v, 60r, 60r, 60v

tabun oron 1v

tabun gara( 2r

arban tabun 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r, 4r, 5v, 5v, 7r, 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13r,

2092
WORD INDEX

13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 33r, 37v, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39r, 39v,

39v, 40r, 41v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v,

49v, 50r, 53r, 56v, 58v

tabun il 3v

tabun in-e 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17r, 17v, 18v. 19v,

39r, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 44r, 47r, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 50v, 50v, 54r

qorin tabun 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 37r,

37v, 40r, 41v, 43r, 43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47v, 49r, 49r, 49r, 49v, 49v, 55v

tabun sara 12r, 12r, 37v, 38v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 40r, 41v, 41v, 41v, 43r, 43v,

43v, 44r, 44r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 50v

tabun kmn 22r, 24r, 26v, 43r

tabun edr 22r

tabun quya(-du kmn 23v

tabun odun 25v, 28r, 30v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 61r

in-e-yin (inein) tabun 39v, 41v, 43r, 43r, 53r, 53r, 56v

tabun dagini 49v

tabun qalqala(i 60r

tabun maqabud 61r

tabun-a 38r, 55v

arbun tabun-a 2r, 8r, 10r, 16r, 16r, 40r, 56r, 56v

qorin tabun-a 19r, 38v, 39r, 39r, 40r, 44v, 54r, 56r

2093
WORD INDEX

tabun-aa

arban tabun-aa 56v

tabun-u

arban tabun-u a(ur-gei bges 6v

taiya-

taiyan

l taiyan gerte oro(ulbasu 53r

taiyang(ui

taiyang(ui

kbegn trbes taiyang(ui yeke na(adum inggeldki-dr duratai

bolumui 28v

kbegn trbes qaram yeke biligt taiyang(ui gei gken

sedkil-d boluyu 31r

ta(ala-

ta(alaqui

aliba ta(alaqui g (ada(i odbasu 4v

ta(ala(in

ta(ala(in

Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer

ta(alal 3v

ta(alal

2094
WORD INDEX

ta(alal 4r

Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer

ta(alal 3v

Nagajuna-yin ta(alal 3v

Nagajuna terigten deged merged-n ta(alal 4r

ta(alal-dur

deged Abidarm-a-yin ta(alal-dur qaburun terign Baras sar-a-dur (uin

qono( bui bgetel-e. Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tula-da

qorin isn biteg bolumui 3r

ta(alal-tu

okin trbes (ayiqami( oyun-a ta(alal-du boluyu 26r

ta(ari-

ta(aribasu

kimusu ta(aribasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v

taki

taki

egeren taki qoiyalamui 18r

taki-

taki

takil beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-yi taki 32v

burqan buu taki 34v

2095
WORD INDEX

luus-un qad (aar-un eid-i buu taki 43r

burqan tngri buu taki 48r

aman-a (aar usun-i taki 55v

takibau

busu edr-e a(an qonin igs-ber takibau l oyiiyamu

kemeki 60v

takibasu

burqan-i takibasu 21v, 25r, 26r, 27r, 28v, 29r, 30r

aliba burqan-i takibasu 22v

burqan takibasu 23r, 24r, 25r, 26r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28v, 29v, 29v,

31r, 32r, 34r, 34v, 34v, 35r, 35r

(al takil takibasu 21v, 31v, 35r

(al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v

(al takibasu 35v, 35v, 36v, 37r

suu ali-yu(an takibasu 25v, 28v

quvara(-i takibasu 26v

bursang quvara(-ud-i takibasu 35v

erketen-i takibasu 27v

takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r

busud-i takibasu 30r

(aar-un ein-i takibasu 34v

2096
WORD INDEX

naiman ayima(-ud-yi takibasu 35r

tngri (aar-<y>i takibasu 35r

ong(od-i takibasu 35v

tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

tngri-yi takibasu 36v

(aar-un eid luus-un qad-i takibasu 39v

(aar usun eid-i takibasu 39v

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 48r

takiu

suali-yu(an takiu 21v

suu ali-yu(an takiju 22r, 23v, 24r, 24v

a(-un takil-iyar takiu 38v

takiqu

tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

takiqui

ed-n tngri takiqui 45v

burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r

degeds-yi takiqui 61r

taki(da-

taki(daqu

baras edr ya(unber l taki(daqu 57r

2097
WORD INDEX

takil

takil

takil gbes 8r

(al takil takibasu 21v, 31v, 35r

(al-un takil takibasu 22r, 23v, 34v

(al-un takil iledbes 34v

takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r

aliba takil iledbes 31v

gdeiky-yin takil gbes 31v

takil beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-yi taki 32v

usun takil gki 45v

takil-i

takil-<y>i beled 32v

takil-iyar

a(-un takil-iyar takiu 38v

takin-a

ari(un takin-a 1v

takir

takir

takir no(i kmn 33v

takiy-a

2098
WORD INDEX

takiy-a

Takiy-a sara 3v, 15r, 15r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Takiy-a il 4r, 41r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 53r, 53v, 54r,

54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v, 55v, 55v, 58v

takiy-a ilten 24r, 54v

ki takiy-a sara 7v

ii takiy-a sara 7v

ding takiy-a sara 7v

gi takiy-asara 7v

in takiy-a sara 7v

ki takiy-a a( 7v

ii takiy-a a( 7v

ding takiy-a a( 7v

gi takiy-a a( 7v

in takiy-a a( 7v

takiy-a (aar 8r

takiy-a quriaqui 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

Takiy-a edr 9r, 9r, 9r, 11r, 12r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r, 18r, 19r, 35r, 42r,

2099
WORD INDEX

46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 56r,

56r, 58r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

takiy-a kegrigen-e iba(un ndegelemi 19r

Takiy-a a( 42r, 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 53v, 53v

takiy-a l alaqu 58r

takiy-a-dur

Takiy-a-dur ula(an quma( 60r

tal-a

tal-a

(aar tal-a dken asun bolumui 19r

talbi-

talbibasu

kgerge talbibasu 12r, 47v

aar(-a buura buq-a talbibasu 25r, 25r, 26r

buq-a talbibasu 28r

aar(-a buur-a buq-a qua talbibasu 35r

takil ba abiig talbibasu 28r

degelbr talbibasu 46v

talbi(ad

eldeb idegen kiged takil beled talbi(ad tngri (aar-<y>i taki 32v

talbi(san

2100
WORD INDEX

a(-un krdn- abiig talbi(san sayin a( 10r

talbiu

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-yi qabtasun-dur bii yabuqu

mr-dr talbiu egn kl-iyer dolo(ata darubasu dayisun-i daruyu 24r

tama(-a

tama(-a

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r

tama(-a i(ul(abasu 36r

tama(-a-dur

dolo(an orong(-a-du tama(-a-dur sang-un egde buu nege 33v

tamu

tamu-dur

qoyin-a tamu-dur unamu 32r

tan

tan

drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar. Mul Rivad'i

qoyar 61r

tana-

tan-a

qa(uin debel buu tan-a [=tanu] 34v

tang(ari(

2101
WORD INDEX

tang(ari(-aa

tang(ari(-aa daba(san ireg-n noyan-u gara( kememi 22v

tani-

tanibasu

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn-

ngge ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

nara ingge arban alqum nigen gikim-e (aar-a kmn- ngge

tanibasu edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

Tanis

[see under Tanista]

Tanisa

[see under Tanista]

Tanista/Tanis/Tanisa

Tanista 8v, 8v, 9v, 10v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 17v, 21r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 59r, 59v/Tanis

11v, 16v, 18v, 19v, 53r

Tanista na(idar 31r

kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v

qatud-un ni(ur-aa nilbusun (ar(a(ulu(i Tanis buyu 34r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui. [. . .]

2102
WORD INDEX

Modun odun Tanista qoyar 45r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar im[n]us-un dolo(an edr bolumui.

[. . .]iroi odun Tanista qoyar 45r

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden

usun bui 61r

mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Tanis [. . .] sayin 48v

[. . .] Tanis [. . .] ede edd in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r

em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .]Tanista [. . .] sayin 56r

Ardar Asli( ista Tanista i(ulin odun bui. i(ulin l yabumui 60v

ber-n odun kemebes [. . .] Anurad Tanisa qoyar [. . .] 60v

Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l

tbidk obo(-tan buyu 61v

tanu-

[see under tana-]

taqul

taqul

sn kir(abasu ebedin taqul bolqu 57v

qulu(an-a qaabasu ebedin taqul bolqu 57v

2103
WORD INDEX

tarba(-a

tarba(-a qulu(an-a nken-ee l (arumui 18r

tar(u

qonin addu(ad tar(u giiu 13r

tar(ul-

tar(ulu

morin qulan terigten tar(ulu 12r

tari-

tari

tariyan buu tari 33v

taribasu

modun taribasu 22r, 32r, 35r

modun iig taribasu 35v, 36r

tariyan taribasu 24v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v

tariyan ceig taribasu 36v, 36v

tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v

qadatu (aar-tur taribasu 35v

tariqu

tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v

tariyain

tariyain-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

2104
WORD INDEX

tariyain-u

tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r

tariyala-

tariyalabasu

tariyan tariyalabasu 10r

tariyalang

tariyalang-un

tariyalang-un (aar qudalduqui . . .iles 45v

tariyan

tariyan 26v

tariyan tariyalabasu 10r

qamu( iba(un tariyan imis ide iddumui 15r

qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r

qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r

tariyan saubasu 22r, 30v

tariyan taribasu 23v, 27v, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30r, 34r, 36r, 36r, 36v, 37r, 46v

tariyan tariqu sayin edr 55v

tariyan seig taribasu 36v, 36v

tariyan modun taribasu 37r, 47v

tariyan elbeg bolqu 29r

isn il tariyan (ada(i gbes 31r

2105
WORD INDEX

r-e tariyan gbes 30r

tariyan buu tari 33v

tariyan buu g. 34r

tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad 58r

tariyan-dur

tariyan-dur krngge orkibasu 46v

tariyan-i

deged amu(ulang-un tariyan-i oro(ula(id 1v

isn il tariyan-i anibasu 30r

tariyan-i a(un a(urqai bol(a(i (odun) 33r, 33v

tariyan-u

r-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r

tariyan-u krngge (ajar oroba 10r

tariyan-u ile iledbes 14r

tariyan-u ebesn tegbes 30v, 41r

tariyan-u (aar olqu 46v

tarni

tarni uribasu 25v, 30r, 32r, 34v, 34v, 61r

irken tarni uribasu 25v

arvis tarni uribasu 25v

tarnii

2106
WORD INDEX

tarnii kmn 4v

tarqa-

tarqabasu

arlig biig tarqabasu 18r

tarqamui

naiman ayima(-ud-un i(ul(an inu . . . tarqamui 38r, 38r

tas

tas

tas dt sumun 32v

tasul-

tasulbasu

kl-n segl tasulbasu 32r

tasulqu

qurim dotor-a keig tasulqu na(idar 28r

tasulu(i

tasulu(i

qurim-dur keig tasulu(i odun ali bui 33r

qurim-dur keig tasulu(i Burvabalguni 33v

r-e tasulu(i

yer r-e tasulu(i Mul buyu 34r

Qulu(an-a Morin il-e qaburun dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r

2107
WORD INDEX

ker Qonin il-e qaburun es r-e tasulu(i 41r

Baras Bein il-e un-u terign r-e tasulu(i 41r

Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r

Luu Noqai il-e un-ues r-e tasulu(i 41r

Mo(ai 'aqai il-e qaburun terign r-e tasulu(i 41r

r-e tasulu(i odun 59r

tasura-

tasura(san

tasura(san-i

tasuraqu bolbasu tere edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

endegrelgegy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeki kereg 4v

qono( tasura(san ir(u(an sar-a 3v

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v

qono( tasura(san kiged saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu

sayin ma(u ai r-e inu l bty 4r

uru( tasura(san

uru( tasura(san kmn 26r

Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru( tasura(san na(idar 26r

drben r-e tasura(san odun kemebes Asli( ua( qoyar. Abaji

Barani qoyar buyu 61r

tasuram

2108
WORD INDEX

r-e tasuram 52v

tasuramui

ir(u(an ere sarada (ui(ad qono( bui. ir(u(an okin sarada qorin

isn-ee ileg qono(gei bui. tegber ir(u(an qono( tasuramui 3r

umar-a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu tende qoiyad qoiyad

qono( tasuramui 3r

nara oron-ta(an (urba(ad (urba(ad qono( sa(umui. tegni qoiyad

qoiyad qono(-un odun na(idar-<y>i to(alaqu gei-yin tulada. qono(

tasuramui kememi 4r

arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui 4r

arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

tasuraqu

in-e-dr inu edr l tasuraqu 3v

qa(uin-dur tasuraqu 3v

tasuraqu bolbasu tere edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

ilede qono( tasuraqu busu bgetel-e 3v

eliy-e-yi darubasu kl-n segl l tasuraqu ma(u bui 41r

r-e tasuraqu 41v, 52v

tasuraqui

qono( tasuraqui 3r, 3r

ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r

2109
WORD INDEX

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono( tasuraqui 3v

qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 4r

tasurayu

kl-n segl l tasuriyu 34r

tai(ura-

tai(ura(san

tai(ura(san-u

tai(ura(san-u tulada ene sarada qariqu gei bgetel-e ir(u(an

inede ken i(ulumui 38v

taiyan

taiyan-dur

taiyan-dur okis-tu bolqu 52v

tata-

tatabasu

tata(al usun tatabasu 12r

suba( tatabasu 22r, 25v, 37r

usun suba( tatabasu 36r

idar tatabasu 28v

briy-e tatabasu 34v

in-e krge tatabasu 36r

tata(al

2110
WORD INDEX

tata(al

tata(al usun tatabasu 12r

tata(ci

tata(ci

tata(ci beri

jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri bui yeke sayin 54v

tatal(-a

tatal(-a

tatal(-a biig

qa(an-a tatal(-a biig oro(ulbasu 36r, 36v, 36v

taulai

taulai 53v

Taulai sara 9r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tula-da qorin isn biteg

bolumui 3r

ding taulai sara 7v

gii taulai sara 7v

in taulai sara 7v

ki taulai sara 7v

ii taulai sara 7v

2111
WORD INDEX

Tbed-dr Taulai sara 9r

Taulai il 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

Taulai il-dr un-u dumdadu sar-a qoyar 4r

taulai ilten 22r, 54r, 54v

taulai ilt 53r, 54r, 54r, 54v, 54v, 54v

Taulai Takiy-a il-e un-u dumdadu r-e tasulu(i 41r

Taulai a( 50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v, 54r

ding taulai a( 7v

gi taulai a( 7v

in taulai a( 7v

ki taulai a( 7v

ii taulai a( 7v

un-u (urban sar-a Taulai Luu Noqai a( qara 42r

Taulai edr 10r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 17r, 34v, 37r, 42r, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v,

50r, 50v, 50v, 50v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 59v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v, 60v

Taulai edr tngri-yin (al 9r

Taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu ed a(urasun nemek sayin 46v

taulai iledki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v

2112
WORD INDEX

modun bgde ula(ala(san-i taulai mede ide addu(ad

qoiyalamui 9r

qara(ai iba(un taulai bariu 15r

Taulai (aar-a

itgen- eke Taulai (aar-a 16r

taulai-dur

Taulai-dur (okimui 12r

tavar

tavar

ed tavar

ed tavar olqu 46v, 50r, 50r, 57r, 58r, 58r

tavar ed olqu 50r

tavar ed yekede olqu 50r, 50r, 50r

qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar gletel-e a(un amin-dur

krmi 47v

ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r

ed tavar qoor qomsa bolqu 57r

tavar-iyan

qudalduin-dur odbasu ed tavar-iyan aldaqu 41r

tayil-

tayilbasu

2113
WORD INDEX

nomla(san-i tayilbasu 2r

tayiqu

tayiqu

dayiwang tayiqu 52r, 53r

tayisui

tayisui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

il-n tayisui 55v

tayii

tayii

qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v

tede(n)

tede 4r

teden 33v

tedi

tedi 5r

tediken

tediken

nigen dusul qoyar qubi nigen tediken kememi 5v

edr arban tabun tediken qubi 5v

sni arban tabun tediken qubi 5v

edr sni-yin a(ur inu ir(u(an tediken qubi bolumui 5v

2114
WORD INDEX

tegerme/tegerm-e

tegerme/tegerm-e

tegerm-e bosqabasu 42v

usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r

a(ur tegerm-e bosqabasu 36r, 37r

a(ur tegerme bosqabasu 36v

tegi

tegi

ari(un gegen-e iruqai-dur tegi okiyabai 2v

uridu qoyitu edr-yi tegi egdeki 6v

(aar-dur dula(an-u tegi oromui 10r

ede sarada tegi sayin bui 51r

teg-

tegbes

tariyan-u ebesn tegbes 30v, 42r

tegki

tariyain-u ebes tegki a( 12r

tegldr

tegldr

a(abad tegldr bol- 28r, 29r

tegn

2115
WORD INDEX

tegn 38r

tegber 3r, 4r, 5r, 5r, 5v, 6r, 6r, 46r, 46r

tegn-d

mn tegn-d ma(u 51v

tegn-dr 3r, 4v, 7r

tegndr 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r, 34r

tegn-e 34r, 34r, 43r

tegn-ee 6r

tegne 6r

tegn-ee qolidqau 5r

aliba iles-i tegn-ee ayila(daqui 43r

tegn-i/tegni 3v, 4v, 4v, 4v, 40r, 42v, 43r

tegni qolidqabasu 3r

tegn-lu(-a [=tegn-lge] 5r

tabun kmn ba tegn-lge nigen band'i kmn orolduu 24r

tegn-/tegn 3v, 39r, 39r, 39v, 39v, 40r, 43r, 43r, 43v, 43v, 44r, 44r, 44v, 44v,

44v, 45r, 45r, 45r, 45r, 46v, 47r, 47r, 47r, 47v, 54v, 55r

tegn- tula 2r, 2v

tegn- tulada 2v

tegnilen

tegnilen 6r, 50v

2116
WORD INDEX

tegs

tegs 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v,

10v,10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v,

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19v, 19v, 19v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 24v

ilau tegs ngigsen burqan 1v

kn tegs 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 19v

kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r

tegs leyit 25v, 26v

tegs ir(alang-tu 25v, 27v, 29r

tegs-n

kn tegs-n a( 21v, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 24r

tegs-

tegsbe

dolo(an qubi-du modun-iyar a(-<y>i medegdeki tegsbe 6r

doron-a g-n modun-u dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r

2117
WORD INDEX

emn-e g-n (al-un dolo(an na(idar anu tegsbe 29r

rn-e g-n altan-u dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r

umara g-n usun-u dolo(an na(idar tegsbe 32r

tegs

li qutu( tegs ir(alang-tu bolumui 30v

tegsgsen

tegsgsen-e

odun gara(-lu(-a tegs<s>gsen-e mrgmi 32r

tegsm

l tegsm 52v

tegsmi

buyan tegsmi 30v

teige-

teigebes

engkri kbegn-i teigebes 28r, 35r

teigek

noqai l teigek 58r

teigeki

teigeky-e

kbegn trbes teigeky-e berke 22v

teigemi

2118
WORD INDEX

modun im[e]g bein inu imis ide iddu(ad. ula(an-iyan teigemi 14r

teiye-

teiyebes

noqai teiyebes 44r

teliye-

teliyemi

qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r

temdeg

temdeg-t

temdegt adu(usun gbes 30r

kmn-e temdegt mal (ada(i (ar(abasu 31r

temeild-

temeildbes 35r

temildki-d

temildki-d

temildki-d ol(o 50v

temeildgen

temeildgen

'al x temeildgen bolqu 46v

temr

temr

2119
WORD INDEX

isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar 25r

temr maqabud 54r

temr-n

temr-n inar

Altan odun kemebes keig erdeni qa(an-u gara( bky-yin tula

temr-n inar 23v

temri

temri

eliy-e da(a(san kmn ba. temri ba bandi ba bombo teyim nigen

kmn sura( glemi 22v

tende

tende 3r, 4v

tende-ee

tende-ee nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr 6r

teng

teng

teng iu un

Qoyar sara-dur edr sni teng iu un bolbasu 6r

teng kem

Naiman sarada<n> edr sni teng kem-iyer bayiqu aji bolbasu 6r

tengse-

2120
WORD INDEX

tengse

Mahauvari tngri kiged Amindiu-a qoyar naiman ayima(-ud<-ud>

terigten-iyer kriyelegl qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse

i(ulqui-dur inu 38r

tere

tere 2r, 2r, 2v, 3r, 3v, 4r, 4v, 5v, 6r, 6v, 7r, 22v, 23r, 24v, 24v, 27r, 32v, 41r, 42r,

42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 42v, 43r, 43r, 50v, 58v

tere met 46r

tergen

tergen 31v, 59v

ger tergen asabasu 36r, 36v, 37r

ger tergen bosqabasu 37r, 42r

ger tergen inedkebes 45r

ger tergen ari(ulbasu 54v

tergen-

tergen- krdn 25v

terigle-

teriglen

qulu(an-a-aa teriglen 7r

aq-a deg qoyar teriglen qula(uyu 26r

uridu qoyar odun teriglen 32v

2121
WORD INDEX

terig(n)

terign 52v, 55v

qaburun terign sara 2r, 2r, 2r, 3r, 8r, 19r

qaburun terign Baras sara 2v, 3r

qaburun terign Udaribalguni sara 9r

un-u terign sara 10r, 11r

un-u terign ista sar-a 12r

namurun terign sara 13r, 14r

namurun terign burvabadaribad sara 15r

ebln terign sara 16r, 17r

ebln terign Margiar sar-a 18r

il-n terign 3r, 10r

eng terign gan 5r, 5r

grgesn(-) terign 26r, 59v

mo(ay-yin terign 27r, 59v

a(an-u terign 29v, 31r, 59v, 59v

morin terign 32v

odun-u terign 33r

odud-un terign Kerteg bui 33r

un-u terign 41r

ebln terign 41r

2122
WORD INDEX

qaburun terign 41r

namurun terign 41r

drben terign sara 41r, 48r, 48v, 49r

a(an baras-un terign 49r

noqai terign 49v

krgegi-yin terign 52v

qaburun (urban sarada<n> terign inu 55r

un-u (urban sarada<n> terign inu 55r

namurun (urban sarada terign inu 55r

ebln (urban sarada terign inu 55r

ima(an-u terign 59v

morin-u terign 59v

drben terign odun 61v

terign-dr

il ur(uqui-yin terign-dr inelek inu 3r

kke luu-yin terign-dr mr (arbasu 49r

terign-dr ger buu bari 55r

terign-i

drben terign sarayin terign-i qara 41r

terigt

noqai terigt 55r

2123
WORD INDEX

terign-

grgesn- qan-u terign- sn 30r

terigten

terigten 1v, 1v, 1v, 2v, 2v, 3r, 3r, 3r, 4r, 12r, 13r, 15r, 38v, 38v, 39r, 45v, 48r, 50v

terigten-i 2r, 2r, 2v, 2v, 2v, 16r, 61v

terigten-iyer 38r

terigten- 2v

teryinar heretics

teryinar-i

ir(u(an teryinar-i nomo(adqau 8r

tesereg

tesereg

esereg tesereg

ereg mordobasu esereg tesereg gleldy 34r

teyim

teyim 24v

teyim nigen kmn 22v

teyin

teyin 4r

teyin bged 32v

teyin bged arilu(san

2124
WORD INDEX

teyin bged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r

teyin-ber

teyin-ber ni l oyilaqu 24v

tib

tib-i

bey-e inu (urban tib-i degrmi 55r

tiler

tiler-n

Tiler-n ger

naran Tiler-n gertr oro(sun-u tula. yirtin-deki amitan-i alau

kiline iledki a( 17r

ting

ting

Kitad-un Lii du ting sang neret sudur 2v

tngri

tngri

Manjuari tngri 1v

tngri (aar

tngri (aar-un qorin drben a(ur a( 6r

tngri (aar-yi taki(basu) 32v, 35r

tngri (aar-un on sara edr a( me 55r

2125
WORD INDEX

yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

obalang(-un) tngri

obalang(-un) tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r,

17r, 18r, 19r

obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr 56v

tngri takiqu sar-a 15r

Okin tngri

Okin tngri ba(uqu edr(-n belge) 20r, 47r

(uin qoyar okin tngri 32v

tngri imnus

tngri im[n]us (adqulduqu belge 20v

tngri im[n]us gen bolumui 32r

tngri ilmus (adqulduqui edr 43r

tngri kmn idkd (urba(ula i(ul(alaqu na(idar 26r

tngri ong(od-i takibasu 35v, 36r, 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

Mahauvari tngri 38r

tngri mang(us naiman aima(-ud terigten 38v

tngri mang(us kiged naiman ayima(-ud bgde ba yeke i(ul(an

buyu 38v

ed-n tngri takiqui 45v

burqan tngri-yi takiqui 46r

2126
WORD INDEX

burqan tngri ong(od-i takibasu 38r

burqan tngri buu taki ma(u bui 48r

tngri-ee

burqan tngri-ee ba(u(san buyan-du sayin a( 16r

tngri-ner

tngri-ner (ai(udaqu edr 48r

qamu( burqad tngri-ner bayasun sayiiyamu 60v

tngri-ner-n

tngri-nern nigen amisqaqui-lu(-a sau(uu 5v

tngri-nern gara( 21v

tngri-ner-n na(idar 27v, 30v

tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v

tngri-yi

egdgsen isn tngri-i uribasu 28v

bi tngri-yi kelbeyilgen idamui 32v

tngri-yi takibasu 36v

tngri-yin

tngri-yin (al 8r, 9r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

tngri-yin (al ba(umui 10r, 11r, 12r

tngri-yin noqai 20v, 32v, 52r, 52v, 55v

tngri-yin qara noqai ba(umu 55r

2127
WORD INDEX

tngri-yin dalal(-a dalalabasu 25v

tngri-yin (aar-a ra(is-un o(talda(san na(idar 28v

tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun 32v

tngri-yin Jagavar-un qa(an-u odun 32v

tngri-yin egde 33r, 33r

tngri-yin i(ta(-a 33v, 34r

tngri-yin vim-a 39v

tngri-yin mr kemek edr 49r

tngri-yin egde(n) 49r, 49v

tngri-yin egden odun 59r

tngri-yin qoriyan 49r

tngri-yin erdeni 49r

tngri-yin qula(ai 49r

tngri-yin ordo 49r

tngri-yin ayul 49r

tngri-yin sang 49r, 49v

aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v

tngri-yin segder 49v

tngri-yin qo(olai 49v

tngri-yin ijim odun 59r

todqor

2128
WORD INDEX

todqor

ada todqor

ada todqor i(ul'qu-yin na(idar 29r

qulu(an-a qaabasu ada todqor bolqu 57r

sn kir(abasu ada todqor bolqu 57r

keriy-e kegbes tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor

bolqu 58r

ger-ee [x] ada todqor bolqu 58r

to(-a

to(-a

to(-a kiged to(an-u a'i r-e 1v

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a 1v

teyin bged arilu(san-u to(-a 2r

Manjuari bodis[n]g in qara Kitad-un oron-dur to(-a terigten-i

eglgi buyu 2r

qara Kitad-un to(-a 2r

arban qoyar sarayin to(-a 2v

arban qoyar itn barildaqui to(-a 2v

yer ede to(-a to(alaqui inu 4r

sar-a-yin to(-a medeki kereg 4v

biig to(-a sur(abasu 23r, 23v, 56v

2129
WORD INDEX

biig to(-a em sur(abasu 26r

dolo(an na(idar-un to(-a tegsbe 27r

dolo(an odud-un to(-a tegsbe 31r

to(-a to(alabasu 31v

odun-u to(-a 59v

to(an

to(an-u

to(-a kiged to(an-u a'i r-e 1v

to(an-u yosun 3r

to(ain/to(oin

to(ain-dur

(qara) Kitad-un to(ain-dur 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r,

19r

to(oin-u

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v, 2v, 2v, 2v

Kitad-un to(oin-u Bus sar-a 3r

to(ala-

to(ala

krgen-ee b to(ala 51v, 51v

sara yeke bges krgen-ee jb to(ala. 60r

2130
WORD INDEX

sara ba(-a bges egde-ee buru(u to(ala 60r

to(ola

(olomta-aa b to(ola 51v

sara yeke bges er-e-ee b to(ola 51v

sara yeke bges kgn-ee b to(ola 52v

er-e sar-a-yi aman-aa b to(ola 52v

ba(urai-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

nutu(-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

okin-aa buru(u to(ola 51v

sara ba(-a bges em-e-ee buru(u to(ola 51v

sara ba(-a bges buru(u to(ola 52v

to(alabasu

saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu 4r

nigen on (urban a(un iran edr bol(au to(alabasu 6v

arban qoyar sar-a-i ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a bol(au

to(alabasu 6v

to(-a to(alabasu 31v

iruqai to(alabasu 31v

to(olabasu

iroi odun-iyar ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

odun erdem-yi to(olabasu 60v

2131
WORD INDEX

to(ala(daqui

urbalgegi-e to(ala(daqui 5v

dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an to(ola[(]daqui 24v

to(alau

bertegin arad nigen amisqaqu-yin a(uraki-yi to(alau 5r

ebln dumdadu sarayin arban ir(u(an-aa ekilen to(alau 5v

to(olau

inelegsen-ee ekilen to(olau 2v

kmn ba yer qamu( amitan-i to(alau 55r

to(alan

(aqai nasu to(alan ula(alamui 17r

to(olan

qamu( amitan-u nasun to(olan tengse 38r

to(alaqu

odun na(idar-yi to(alaqu gei-yin tulada 4r

to(alaqui

nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad

bodgalis-dur to(alaqui 1v

Kitad to(alaqui astir 2r

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v

yer ede to(-a to(alaqui inu 4r

2132
WORD INDEX

to(alaqui inu 5r

mergen kmn- qarbu(san sumun-iyar nigen nabi to(alaqui tedi

buyu 5r

dusul-iyar to(alaqui kemebes 5r

biqar qangin-u iruqai-dur to(alaqui na(idar 26r

to(alaqui-dur

qubi to(alaqui-dur 5v

to(alaquy-yin

nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun inu 6r

to(alal

bgde-yin to(alal 4r

to(oin

[see under to(ain]

to(o(an

to(o(an-aa

qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v

to(ola-

[see under to(ala-]

to(ori-

to(ori(i

Smber a(ula-yin orgil-iyar to(ori(i odun 32v, 32v

2133
WORD INDEX

door-a to(ori(i 32v

to(orimui

Modun odun kiged orgil-iyar to(orimui 32v

yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

arban tabun odun bgde door-a to(orimui 33r

to(orin

dumda bki-yi to(orin yabu(i odun 32v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun 32v

to(os

to(os-un 59r, 59r

to(osq-a

to(osq-a ergelebes 32r

to(osun

to(osun bariu 3r

to(ta-

to(ta(i

to(ta(i 35v

ding to(ta(i edr 36r

to(taqu

bursang quvara( l to(taqu 47v

kgerge talbibasu l to(taqu 47v

2134
WORD INDEX

tokiyaldu-

tokiyaldubasu

busud anu tokiyaldubasu l bolumui 60r

tokiyaldu(san

tokiyaldu(san-iyar

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(san-iyar a(-un sayin ma(u-yi

belgelemui 8r

tokiyaldu(san-u

yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un

neres-iyer nereyidk inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada 3r

tokiyaldumui

ene saban ekilegsen il tokiyaldumui 7r

sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui 7r

nggeregsen isn on-u qa(uin sarayin arban tabun edge ene on-u

qubi sarayin nigen inide tokiyaldumui 7r

geyireglgi qara edr kemebes yeke qara edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge]

m tokiyaldumui 41v

tokiyalduqui

tokiyalduquy-yi

ber ber nidn-iyer na(idar kiged sar-a-lu(-a tokiyal-

duquy-yi sayitur inilegdeki 4r

2135
WORD INDEX

tokiyaldu(ul-

tokiyaldu(ulu

ede belges-lu(-a tokiyaldu(ulu 5r

saran-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu (belgelemi) 18r, 19r

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu

uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek krdn ene bui 21r

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui egni sayitur tokiyaldu(ulu

medegdeki 51r

ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulu egdeki 51r

ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r

tokiyaldu(ulu(san

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v

tokiyaldu(ulyu

ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulyu 52v

toli

toli

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli e 42v

oroi-ta(an Kitad qadu(ur bari(san beri bugde-d toli bui 54r

tolo(ai

tolo(ai

qalqalaqu amitan-u tolo(ai 59r

2136
WORD INDEX

tolo(ai-dur

(aqay-yin tolo(ai-dur dr 23r

tolo(ay-yin

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u [=tolo(ay-yin] manglai-dur toli e 42v

tong

tong

tong sni

Kgeler sarayin Mo(ai 'aqai edr tong sni gimi 42v

toor-a

toor-a-dur

isn nidt temr toor-a-dur oroqu bal(asun sr kemek na(idar 25r

tong(ori(

tong(ori( 47r

Maqagala-yin ba(uqu edrn belge inu tong(ori( bui 20r

tong(ori(-dur

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r

tor(on

tor(on

(altu tor(on ergiki modun odun 59r

tosun

tosun

2137
WORD INDEX

a(an tosun ba. buq-a-yin gekn kengigl keyi 50v

toyin

toyin 30r

toyin kmn 4v

toyin bol- 27r, 29v, 56v, 56v

toyin quvara(-un-yi kndeleki 61r

toyin-nar

toyin-nar-a

toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v

Tbed

Tbed-tr

Tbed-dr Baras sara 8r

Tbed-dr Taulai sara 9r

Tbed-dr Luu sara 10r

Tbed-dr Mo(ai sar-a 11r

Tbed-dr Morin sara 12r

Tbed-dr Qonin sara 13r

Tbed-dr Bein sar-a 14r

Tbed-dr Takiy-a sara 15r

Tbed-dr Noqai sara 16r

Tbed-dr 'aqai sar-a 17r

2138
WORD INDEX

Tbed-dr Qulu(an-a sar-a 18r

Tbed-dr ker sar-a 19r

Tbed-n

Tbed-n keleber. isgarma gzangdang ildanbala kyagvasolab

[=pyagvasolab] 32r

tgen-e

tgen-e-t

geigen-dr tgenet kmn 29v

tgene-

tgenebes inglebes 22v, 36v, 37r

tgere-

tgerek

b-n a(tur nara sara mr tgerek 4r

tms(n)

tms

qamu( tariyan tms seb[e]g-dr oroqui a( 17r

tmsn

qamu( tariyan tmsn bolu qadumui 15r

tariyan tmsn uqa( bolu(ad ada todqor bolqu 58r

tr

tr

2139
WORD INDEX

tr bari- 45v, 61r

tr buu bari 34v

yeke tr baribasu 41v

tr-

trbes

kbegn trbes 21v, 22r, 22v, 23r, 23v, 23v, 25r, 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 26v,

27r, 27v, 27v, 28r, 28r, 28v, 28v, 29r, 29r, 29v, 29v, 30r, 30r, 30v, 30v,

31r, 31r, 31v, 32r, 32r, 40r, 47v, 61r, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v

okin trbes 25r, 25v, 26r, 26v, 28r

ma(u kmn trbes 31v

kbegn okin trbes 31v

ni(un trbes 43r

trgsen

Manjuari bodis[n]g trgsen bolai 2v

tngri-yin vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek

qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn 39v

ber-n trgsen odun-dur ya(un buu iled 56r

tr

qan kmn tr kk odun 59r

trgi

Bus na(idar-tu trgi 2r

2140
WORD INDEX

trk

uru( olan bolu(ad ari(un sayin kbegn trk bui 54v

trki

qulu(an-a trki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v

trmi

yertin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r

ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r

ede dumda beri bui. okin trmi 52r

nidn-dr nidn met qoyar sayiqan kbegn trmi 52v

try

deged trl-tr try 28r

qoyin-a l try 34r

trgl-

trglk

trglk-yin

amu(ulang ir(alang-i trglk-yin tulada 2v

trgly

tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r

trglten

2141
WORD INDEX

trglten-dr

adu(usun trglten-dr ma(u bui 31r

trl

trl

kbes deged trl oluyu 30r

trl-dr

deged trl-tr try 28r

trl-i

kbes deged trl-<y>i oluyu 29r

tu(

tu(-un

tu(-un iin-du uyau 50v

tu(ul-

tu(ulu(san

tu(ulu(san burqan 11r

tu(urbil

tu(urbil

kiiyel tu(urbil kereglegdek busu bges ber 1v

tu(urbil-aa

nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san 1v

tu(urbil-dur

2142
WORD INDEX

tu(urbil-dur kiiyeki busu bgetele 1v

tul-

tulbasu

tul(-a tulbasu 31v

tula

tula 5r, 8r, 8r, 9r, 9r, 10r, 10r, 11r, 11r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 13r, 14r, 14r, 15r, 15r, 16r,

16r, 17r, 17r, 18r, 18r, 19r, 19r, 22r, 22v, 22v, 23r, 23v, 24r, 55r

ya(un-u tula kemebes 2r, 55r

tegn- tula 2r, 2v

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gei-yin tula 3v

(aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu tula 58v

tulada 3v, 3v, 4r, 38v, 39v, 43r

nomla(san-u tulada 1v, 4r, 37v

tegn- tulada 2v

amu(ulang ir(alang-i trglk-yin tulada 2v

nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada 3r

Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tula-da 3r

Qonin sara-dur (uin qono(gei-yin tulada 3v

Takiy-a sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada 3v

tul(-a

tul(-a

2143
WORD INDEX

tul(-a tulbasu 31v

tul(-a bolqui 38v

tul(-a tulu(i 52v

tul(-a-yin

(urban odun-u dri inu. tul(-a-yin modun met bui 26v

Barani na(idar kemebes tul(-a-yin (urban kl met bui 32r

tulu(i

tulu(i

tul(-a tulu(i 52v

turi

turi

bey-e-yi turi modun-iyar ime 30v

tus

tus

ali il tus bol- 7r

egn-i tus e 50r

tusa

tusa

em-e kmn-e tusa keyibesu 15r

gken tusa btgebes 16r

ber-n tusa btgebes 22v

2144
WORD INDEX

qong(or qalan morin qudaldubasu tusa bui 25r

tusa gei

em emlebes tusa gei 38r

ede edd-dr odun na(idar sayin bges ber tusa gei 42r

a(an asal kibes tusa l boluyu 39v

ai( tusa eribes 43v, 43v, 61r, 61v

ai( tusa bt- 45v, 49v

ai( tusa bol- 50r, 50r, 50r, 50r, 56r

tusa yeke bolqu 56v, 57r

(abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57v

tusbri

tusbri

odun na(idar tusbri sayin bges 46r

tusbri e 50r, 50r

tusla-

tuslamui

amitan-a tuslamui 30r

tuslan

ene arban qoyar ner-e-yi tuslan e 50v

tbid-

tbidk

2145
WORD INDEX

iiten tbidk iles 61r

l tbidk iles 61v

Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk

obo(-tan buyu 61v

tbidke-

tbidkek

tbidkek aida-yin iles-dr sayin 45v

tbidken

(aar-<y>i tbidken idamu 32v

tbidkegi

tbidkegi 35v

ping tbidkegi edr 36r

tbin

tbin

tbin (aar

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju 6r

tbin sana(-a

kbegn trbes oyun qurdun gen-tr uran sana(-a tbin 61v

Mig Burvasad Burvabadaribad Barani eden mai tbin obo(-tan buyu 61v

t[g]igi

2146
WORD INDEX

t[g]igi

mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi t[g]igi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen

ungimui 35v

i t[g]igi edr 36v

til

til-n

til-n edr

qabur namurun qu(us un ebln til-n edr bolai. aliba sayin

iles-i igerle 59r

timer

timer

ger baribasu a(u qono(-du timer itaqu 60r

timer-e

timer-e timeridk qula(ai oromui 47v

timerid-

timeridk

timer-e timeridk qula(ai oromui 47v

timeriddgi

timeriddgi

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] timeriddgi odun ali bui 33r

2147
WORD INDEX

iba(un-u egri-yi [=egr-i] (al-dur timeriddgi Rivadi buyu 33v

tle-/tli-

tlebes

(al mandal tlebes 10r, 61v

kger-n snesn tlebes 35v

oda( tlebes 42v

debel tlebes 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r

tleged

dayisun-u ereg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii (al-dur tleged 22r

tlegsen

ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v

tlek

(al-un oi-du tlek 55v, 56r

tleki/tliki

tleki-dr

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr 27r

tleky-yin

edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral

boluyu 44v

(al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleky-yin uiral 46r

tleky-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r

2148
WORD INDEX

tleki/tliki edr

tliki edrn belge solbi(san qara iruqai bui 20v

tleki edrn belge anu solbi(san qara iruqai ene ilegdebei 20v

(al mandal tleki 39r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r

tley

debel eskebes (al-dur tley 25r

tlegi

tlegi

tlegi odun 44v

(al tlegi 52v

tli-

[see under tle-]

tlii

tlii

tlii gbes 28v, 30r, 30v

kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r

kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes 26v

kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r

kgsen-tr tlii gbes 29r

tridkegi

2149
WORD INDEX

tridkegi

i(ulin mr tridkegi odun 59r

timed

timed

qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v

timed erdeni bolqu na(idar bui 30v

timed ba(urau (uyirani bolumui 42v

timed-n

timed-n erge-ee ba(ura(ulu(i odun ali bui 33r

timed-n erge-ee ba(ur(ulu(i Abaji buyu 33v

uara-

[see under uira-]

uaral

[see under uiral]

uira-/uara-

uirabasu 47v

ma(u aran-lu(-a uirabasu 22v

odun na(idar uirabasu 37v

qoyar iroi uirabasu 45v

taulai edr Modun odun uirabasu 46v

Usun odun uirabasu gergi olqu 46v

2150
WORD INDEX

Usun odun Modun odun qoyar uirabasu 46v

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar noqai edr uirabasu ma(u 46v

Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker edr uirabasu ma(u 46v

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar luu edr uirabasu ma(u 46v

uarabasu

qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v

qoyar (al uarabasu delgereki-yin uaral 45v

qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v

usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r

(al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r

usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu uaral 46r

(al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r

usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui 46r

Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun uarabasu dayisun-i ayul bolqu 46r

Usun Altan odun uarabasu ai r-e btk 46r

Modun odun uarabasu nom kiged buyan keig delgerek 46v

Baras morin noqai (aqai ede edd-t aliba odud uarabasu sayin 46v

Margaar Ardar qoyar qonin edr uarabasu ma(u 46v

uira(san

Modun odun-lu(-a Bus na(idar uira(san edr Manjuari bodis[n]g

2151
WORD INDEX

trgsen bolai 2v

lii-dr uira(san beri-yi abubasu 54r

kon-dur uira(san beri 54r

ken-dr uira(san beri 54r

kam-dur uira(san beri 54r

gin-dr uira(san beri 54r

jen-dr uira(san kl gq-a-bar tata(ci beri 54v

sn-dr uira(san beri 54v

uara(san

uara(san bges altan gerel ungi 42v

uirau

aqa deg qoyar kmn uirau i(au ggmi 25v

uaram

darasun idegen uaram 50r

aman-tur ge da(un uaram 52v

uiraqu

l uiraqu uiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

qola (aar-a mr (arbasu buliyan qula(ai-lu(-a uiraqu 47v

a(ur-a qula(ai uiraqu 50r

darasun idegen-dr uiraqu 58r

qurim-dur uiraqu 58r

2152
WORD INDEX

uaraqu

okin trbes erketen-dr uaraqu 26v

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r

ola uaraqu 49v

dayisun uaraqu 49v

ksel uaraqu 49v

idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r

idegen qurim uaraqu 50r, 50r

qula(ai-du uaraqu 50r

ed tavar uaraqu 50r, 50r

idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r

ebedin-d(r) uaraqu 50r, 50r

ebedin ada uaraqu 50r, 50r

kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r

bariy-a kriy-e-d uaraqu 50r

idegen-d uaraqu 50r

ada-du uaraqu 50r

uiral/uaral

uiral

edr-n odun-u sayin uiral 38r

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai 44v

2153
WORD INDEX

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u

uiral a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45r

usu iroi qoyar uarabasu egride aqu-yin uiral 46r

(al iroi qoyar uarabasu tleki-yin uiral 46r

usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui 46r

uaral

odun ba na(idar-un uaral 2v

edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] qamtuddu(san-iyar tleky-yin uaral boluyu 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an lji qutu( oroi(san-u uaral

bolumui 44v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r

qoyar iroi uirabasu idei btki-yin uaral 45v

qoyar usu uarabasu raiyan uaral 45v

qoyar (al uarabasu delgereki-yin uaral 45v

qoyar kei uarabasu li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral 45v

(al kei qoyar uarabasu yeke kt uaral 46r

iroi kei qoyar uarabasu l uaraqu uaral bui 46r

usu kei qoyar uarabasu l okiqu uaral 46r

beri-yi l abqu odun na(idar-un uaral ene bui 52r

uiral-i

odun il qamtuddu(san-iyar sayin ma(u uiral-<y>i il(au biisgei 46r

2154
WORD INDEX

uaral-i

na(idar-un sayin ma(u uaral-<y>i eyin uqa(daqui 45v

ene uaral-i sayitur igdeki 46r

uiral-iyar

egride-yin uiral-iyar rglide ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r

kn tegs uiral-iyar li-dr bolumui 46r

l uiraqu uiral-iyar ed idegen-iyen barayu 46r

l okiqu uiral-iyar r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui olgiqui iles-dr

sayin 46r

tleki-yin uiral-iyar obalang-i trgly 46r

uaral-iyar

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar tleki uaral-iyar bolumui 45r

idi btki-yin uaral-iyar ksel bty 45v

raiyan-u uaral-iyar amin nasun delgerey 45v

delgereki uaral-iyar ed idegen oldayu 45v

li qutu( oroi(san-u uaral-iyar sedkigsen bty 45v

kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

odun na(idar tusbri sayin bges ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui 46r

il odun qoyar-un sayin ma(u-yin uaral-iyar bui 46v

uiral-un

edr-lu(-a [=edr-lge] odun qamtudu(san-iyar uiral-un sayin

2155
WORD INDEX

ma(u-yi biisgei 44r

uaral-un

qorin naiman na(idar-lu(-a dolo(an gara( odun-i tokiyaldu(ulu

uaral-un sayin ma(u-i jek krdn ene bui 21r

il sar-a qamtuddu(san-iyar uaral-un sayin ma(u-yi il(au biisgei 48r

uda(an

uda(an

i(ulilabasu yabudal uda(an bolqu 35r

Udaribadaribad/Udaribadaripad

Udaribadaribad 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21v,

52r, 53r, 59r, 59v

Udarbadaribad na(idar 31v

inu-a-yin kimusun-i bul(ura(ulu(i Udaribadaribad buyu 33v

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37r

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .]Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 37v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede

dolo(an na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden usun

bui 61r

2156
WORD INDEX

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad qoyar Luu edr uirabasu ma(u 46v

mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 48v

dayisun-lu(-a (adqulduqui edr-n sayin inu [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .]

sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribadaripad [. . .] sayin 55v

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 55v

em neyileglki sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribadaribad [. . .] sayin 56r

Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Qasta Abiji erlig-n odun bui.

kgsed-n nom-du [...] 60v

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman

na(idar bui. umara Udaribadaribad kiged Aavani qoyar 60v

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

Udaribadaribad-dur

Udaribadaribad-dur adistid yeke bolumui 38r

Udaribalguni/Udarabalguni

Udaribalguni 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r,

53r, 59r, 59v

Udaribalguni sara

2157
WORD INDEX

Enedk[e]g-n a(-un krdin-dr qaburun terign Udaribalguni

sara 9r

Udaribalguni na(idar

o(tar(ui-tur Udaribalguni na(idar-iyar r geyim 9r

Udaribalguni na(idar kemebes tngri-ner-n na(idar 27v

qota bal(asun bariqu sayin edr kemebes. [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .]

sayin 37r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37r

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .]

sayin 37r

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 37v

na(idar-un sayin inu [. . .]Udaribalguni [. . .] odun edr qutu(

oroi(ulbasu amu(ulang bolu(ad buyan ke[i]g nemey 37v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar dolo(an raiyal uiral bolai. [. . .]

Altan odun Burvabalguni Udaribalguni qoyar 44v

Aivani BurnavasuSuvadi Margiar Udaribalguni Qasta Jayitari ede

dolo(an na(idar key-yin inar bui 45v

Mi<n>g Burvabalguni Udaraba[l]guni Qastan Jayitar Suvadai eden (al

bui 61r

2158
WORD INDEX

Udarabalguni Qasta qoyar Noqai edr uirabasu ma(u 46v

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 48v

basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu.

[. . .] Udaribalguni [. . .] sayin 56v

ua( Auvani Mig Udaribalguni dayisun-u odun bui. dayisun-a ol(obasu

sayin 60v

drben tan odun kemebes Rokini Udaribalguni qoyar 61r

Rokini Udaribalguni Burvasad Udaribadaribad eden drben odun

ingbatu obo(-tan buyu 61r

Udaribalguni-dur

Udaribalguni-dur adistid yeke bolumui 37v

Udarisad/Udarasad

Udarisad 8v, 9v, 10v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v, 17v, 18v, 19v, 21r, 53r, 59r,

59v

Udarisad na(idar 30r

dolo(an oronggi-du [=orong(-a-tu] tama(-a Udarisad buyu 34r

qan oron-a sa(uqu ba noyan isanglaqu ola abqu sayin edr kemebes

[. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37r

sm-e keyid ba ger bariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .]

sayin 37v

sm-e keyid ba nom burqan itgen-i qutu( oroi(ulqu sayin edr

2159
WORD INDEX

kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 37v

Rkini ista Anurad Ardar Udarisad Tanista Abaji ede dolo(an

na(idar iroy-yin inar bui 45v

Anurad istan Mul Burvasad Udarisad Abaji eden altan bui 61r

Burvasad Udarisad qoyar ker edr uirabasu ma(u 46v

mr (arqu edrn sayin kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v

ireg mordaqu edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 48v

ber'i ba(ul(aqui sayin odun kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 51r

tariyan tariqu sayin edr kemebes [. . .] Udarisad [. . .] sayin 55v

debel qubasun eskeki edrn sayin [. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 55v

[. . .] Udarisad [. . .] in-e debel emsbes sayin 56r

basa biig to(-a sur(aqu ba oroi(ulun toyin bolqu edrn sayin anu.

[. . .] Udarasad [. . .] sayin 56v

Pus Suvadi Ravadai Udarisad btgek-yin odun bui. abqu kmn-

iles-d sayin 60v

qorin naiman na(idar-<y>i il(abasu li qutu( oroi(san naiman

na(idar bui. rn-e Burvasad kiged. Udarisad qoyar 60v

Udarisad-dur

Udarisad-dur kbegn ainar olan bolumui 38r

udq-a

udq-a-yi

2160
WORD INDEX

kedber merged saban sar-a-yin udq-a-yi medesgei kemebes 6v

udurid-

uduridbasu 24r

g uduridbasu 23v

rn-e g uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 22r

rn-e g ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 23r

umara doron-a ereg uduridbasu dayisun-i daruyu 24v

tabun quya(-du kmn-iyer uduridbasu 23v

irig uduridbasu 40r

uduridu(ad

Modun odun-iyar uduridu(ad 2r

uduri(ul-

uduri(ulbasu 34v

uduri(ulsun

uduri(ulsun

abaig kiged uduri(ulsun abubasu 26v

udusq-a

udusq-a

erlig-d-n udusq-a 28v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i (odun) 33v, 33v

u(tu-

2161
WORD INDEX

u(tubasu

beri abubasu u(tubasu 29r

u(tu(i

u(tu(i-yin

u(tu(i-yin il 52v

u(uu-/uu(u-

u(uubasu/uu(ubasu

em u(uubasu 26v

em uu(ubasu 36r

darusun uu(ubasu 57r

u(uuqu

em l u(uuqu 56v

u(uuta

u(uuta

niru(un-ta(an u(uuta egrgsen beri bui bgded ma(u 54r

ugiya-

ugiyabasu

biy-e ugiyabasu 21v, 21r, 23r, 26v, 41v

ugiya(ad

qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v

ugiyau

2162
WORD INDEX

(ar ni(ur-iyan ugiyau 4v

ugiyaqui

qong keriy-e ugiyaqui isun oromui 9r

ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r

ugiya(i

ugiya(i

ni(ur ugiya(i 52v

ukila-

ukila

buu ukila ni l usadqu 34v

ula(an

ula(an

ula(an debel 4v, 21v, 22v, 34r

ula(an altatu debel 34v

ula(an kegeri 21v

ula(an imeg 21v

ula(an (ajar 22v

ula(an aa(ai 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

ula(an aa(ai kemek ma(u edr 48r

ula(an aa(ai mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

qur-a ese orobasu ula(an salkin bolumui 11r

2163
WORD INDEX

ula(an nara 39v

qariqui edrn beleg inu ula(an nara bui 20r

ula(an sa

(aar-un eed i(ul'qu edrn belge inu ula(an sa bui 20r

ula(an aa sg

ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r

ula(an sg 47v

ula(an dusul 40r

baling do(in gik edrn belge nigen ula(an dusul bui 20v

(urbalin ula(an

gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui 20v

ula(an gebri qakiraqu 27v

ula(an quma( 60r

ara ula(an quma( 60r

ula(an-dur

ene (urban krdn-i ula(an-dur bolbasu sayin 51v

ulam

ulam

edr sni qoyar-<y>i ulam neiged neiged mi-ber nemek 5v

ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r

un-u nara bayiqu egn-ee qoyin-a [ni] ulam urtuddumui 6v

2164
WORD INDEX

qar-a to(o(an-aa ulam gked-n ada adalamui 26v

ulari-

ularibasu

nutu( ularibasu 34v, 43v

ulari(ad

Kitad-un to(oin-u Bus sar-a (aar-un ene oron ulari(ad to(osun bariu

Mig sar-a-yi qaburun terign sar-a bol(au inelemi 3r

ularu

ularu

ularu iba(un qoriyalamui 15r

ulus

ulus-dur

nara sara kbes tere ulus-dur (ai(un obalang-dur ayul bolqu 27r

ulus-un

(aar kdelbes ulus-un noyan kk 27v

(ana nin ulus-un ein odun 59r

Uma

Uma

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun 32v

umar-a

umar-a 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 11r, 11v, 11v, 13r, 13v, 13v,

2165
WORD INDEX

13v, 14r, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16r, 16v,

16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17r, 17r, 17v, 18r, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 19r, 19r,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 54r, 54r, 55r, 58v/umara 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v,

10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 15r, 15v, 17v, 17v,

17v, 17v, 17v, 19v, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 50r, 50r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55r, 55v, 60v

doron-a umar-a 10r, 13v, 14r, 18r/doron-a umara 40r, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 55v

umar-a doron-a 8v, 8v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 13v, 14v, 15v, 16v,

40r/umara doron-a 10v, 10v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 17v, 17v, 24v, 40r, 40r,

40v, 40v, 40v, 54r

rn-e umar-a 9r, 10v, 10v, 11r, 12v, 13r, 16v, 17r, 54r/rn-e umara 10v,

10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 13v, 16v, 24r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40r, 40v, 40v,

40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 40v, 55r, 55v, 55v

umar-a g/umara g 23v, 26r, 29r, 29v, 30r, 30v, 32r, 40r, 40r, 42r, 49v,

50v, 53v

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a g odqui-dur nara keiy-e bayiqu

tende qoiyad qoiyad qono( tasuramui 3r

nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v

nara umar-a g odqu-yin es-dr krgsen aji edr dli

dolo(an qubi-du modun-u segder gei bolumui 6r

2166
WORD INDEX

naran umara g odqui ir(u(an sara 37v

nara emnei odqui ba umar-a odqu 5v

nara emnei odqui ba. umar-a odqu a(-daki drben qono(

tasuraqui 3v

ada(usun ibqarabasu nkgesn debelt kke arai-du ba nrge irai-tu

isn kmn umara emn-e abu odba 22r

umara-aa

umara-aa emn-e g gimi 42r

umara-yin

rne umara-yin iim odun 59r

umartamta(ai

umartamta(ai

kbegn trbes qudali umarta[m]ta(ai ma(u a(ali-tu boluyu 61v

umda(an

umda(an

idegen umda(an uaraqu 50r, 50r, 50r

una-

una(ad

qa(uin nabi una(ad 3r

(aar-dur serign segder una(ad 14r

unau

2167
WORD INDEX

kiten segder unau 16r

unamu

tamu-dur unamu 32r

una(an

una(an

una(an sur(abasu 23r, 32r

una(an-iyan

(aar-dur serign segder una(ad qulan una(an-iyan teliyemi 14r

ungi-

ungi

Altan gerel ungi 42v

ungibasu

nom ungibasu 25v, 27v

biig ungibasu 32r

nom biibes ungibasu 35r

ungimui

arban qoyar ein anu. Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i.

eng iu ke bi. kemen ungimui 35v

mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen

ungimui 35v

2168
WORD INDEX

ungiqui

Ayui-yin nom ungiqui [. . .] iles 45v

unu-

unu(san

mori(n) unu(san [. . .] (kmn) 4v, 4v, 4v, 5r, 5r, 5r, 24v

ker unu(sun 4v, 5r

unuu

morin unuu 21v, 22r, 23r, 23r, 23v, 24v, 24v, 39v

qayinu(-dur unuu 24r

unuqu

unuqu morin-u s 52v

uqa-

uqa(san

tabun oron-i uqa(san bandida ingq-a sari 1v

uqaju

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a egdeki buyu 2v

uqaqui

ar(-a uqaqui busu bges 2v

uqa(-a

(urban a(-un uqa(-a 1v

(urban a(-i uqa(-a inaru ir(alang-yi ksebes 1v

2169
WORD INDEX

uqa(an

uqa(an sur(abasu 23v, 23v

uqa(an beligt bolqu 24r

uqa(atu

arban tabun-a yosun medeki mergen uqa(atu bolumui 56v

uqa(id

egni medegid uqa(id qamu( amitan-a delgereglbes 47v

uqa(da-

uqa(daqui

Kitad-un astir-aa uqa(daqui kemeki 2r

tere edr qono( tasura(san-i uqa(daqui 3v

uaral-yi eyin uqa(daqui 45v

uqa(sad

uqa(sad

nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa qa(ai(san-i uqa(sad 1v

uqa(ul-

uqa(ulqui

(ada(adu doto(adu ni(ua (urban to(-a kiged-yi ari(un takin-a

yamparilan uqa(ulqui anu 1v

uqu-

uqubasu

2170
WORD INDEX

qada (aar-<y>i uqubasu 23v

urad

urad-tur

(aar kdelbes urad-dur ma(u 28v

urala-

uralabasu

erdeni terigten-i uralabasu 61v

uran

uran

(oo-a ges-dr urin [=uran] bolu(ad 61r

kbegn trbes oyun qurdun gen-tr uran 61v

kbegn trbes ilu(un aburitu bolu(ad uran bged iran nasulayu 61v

urba-

urba(san

urba(san-aa

nara urba(san-aa (urban sar-a bolu(ad edr sni sau(uu 5v

urbau

nara emn-e g-ee umar-a g urbau 5v

Burnavasu Suvad'i irvan Tanis Sadabis eden odun urbau l tbidk

obo(-tan buyu 61v

urbaqu

2171
WORD INDEX

ong(oa deger-e (arbasu urbaqu 47v

urbaqui

nara urbaqui odun 2v

urbal

urbal

urbalgegy-e to(ala(daqui 5v

ur(u-

ur(u(-a

nara ur(u(-a edgy-e arban alqum nigen gikim (aar-a kmn- ngge

ese tanibasu sni-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

ur(u(san

qara ingpng giki anu. Qubi sarayin Baras Bein edr nara ur(u(san

qoyin-a gimi 42r

ur(umui

arban tabun-a luus-un qad-un oroi-dur nara ur(umui 8r

(aar-tur qamu( nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r

bu(u-yin eber ur(umui 12r

alim-a giles terigten imis ur(umui 13r

ur(uqui

ur(uquy-yin

il ur(uquy-yin terign-dr inelek inu 3r

2172
WORD INDEX

nara ur(uqui a( 42r, 42v

erig mordobasu naran ur(uqui a(-tur morda 21v

Qubi sarayin arban drben nara ur(uqui a(-tur arban qoyar

gdanm-a-bar kriyelegl i(ulumui 38r

uri-

uribasu

tarni uribasu 25v, 30r, 32r, 34v, 61r

irken tarni uribasu 25v

arvis tarni uribasu 25v

do(id-un tarni uribasu 34v

nasun[-u tarni] uribasu 27v, 28r, 29v, 30r

egdgsen isn tngri-yi uribasu 28v

uriqu

oid l uriqu 58r

urida

urida 38v, 39r, 41r

sar-a-u urida nggeriged mar(ada-yin (ada(adu na(idar 3v

arim sar-a-dur urida arban tabun qono(-dur tasuramui.

arim sar-a-dur qoyitu arban tabun-dur tasuramui 4r

ken urida mordobasu tere daruyu 22v

ereg mordobasu sni dli-yin urida morda 24r

2173
WORD INDEX

uridu

uridu 6v, 32v, 32v, 59v

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin tula arban drben inu

arban tabun bolumui 3v

qulu(an-a a(-un uridu drben me mn edr-dr (ada(adu bui 6v

din dolo(an on-du saban gei bges uridu qoyitu edr-<y>i tegi

egdeki 6v

uriduilan

uriduilan

uriduilan buyu 3v, 3v, 3v

urin

[see under uran]

uriya-

uriyau

qara keb-iyer manglai uriyau 24v

urtu

urtu

edr sni inu urtu ba oqor bolumui 5v

nasun urtu bolqu 45v, 57v

kbegn trbes ebedingei nasun urtu bolqu 32r

urtud-

2174
WORD INDEX

urtudqu

urtudqu ba. oqor bol(aqu inu 5v

edr sni urtudqu ba oqor bolumui 6r

urtudumui/urtuddumui

ebln nara bayiqu eg[n]-ee qoyin-a edr ulam urtudumui 6r

un-u nara bayiqu egn-ee qoyin-a [ni] ulam urtuddumui 6v

uru(

uru(

okin trbes uru( uqa( 25r

ed mal ibqarabasu uru( tasura(san kmn qula(uu amu 26r

Burnavasu na(idar kemebes uru( tasura(san na(idar kemey 26r

qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v

ede ilten er-e em-e bolbasu uru( olan bolu(ad 54v

qoyar ker ilt uru( uqa( bayan sayin 54v

qoyar baras ilt uru( cgen bayan sayin 54v

qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v

qoyar qonin ilt uru( olan bayan sayin 54v

qoyar takiy-a ilt kbegn uru( uqa( bolu(ad 54v

urusqa-

urusqau

dayisun-u ireg-n noyan-u ner-e-[y]i bii usun-dur urusqau 24v

2175
WORD INDEX

usad-

usadqu

buu ukila ni l usadqu 34v

usu(n)

usu(n) 5r, 8r, 9r, 14r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r, 21r,

21r, 21r, 21r, 21v, 21v, 21v, 21v, 22r, 23r, 24v, 30v, 31r, 31v, 31v, 32v, 36r, 36v,

45v, 47v, 59r, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v, 59v

usun bari(id 1v

(aar usun

(aar usun-u eid 2v, 39v

(aar usun m gesmi 9r

(aar usun m amin nke krmi 18r

(aar usun-aa ekin eribes 34v

aman-a (aar usun-i taki 55v

(aar-un snes (aar usun-a ba(uqu 58v

usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer ta(alal 3v

usu egrgsen kmn-lge ol(aqu. 5r

Usun odun 5r, 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v,

11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 12v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v,

15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v, 18v,

19v, 19v, 19v, 19v, 22v, 22v, 37r, 37r, 37v, 37v, 38r, 38r, 44r, 44v, 44v, 44v, 45r,

2176
WORD INDEX

45r, 45r, 45r, 45v, 45v, 46r, 46v, 46v, 46v, 46v, 50v, 51r, 52r, 53r, 55v, 56r

tata(al usun tatabasu [if one draws water into a canal]; 12r

usun iba(un dalai-dur orou qa(dalamui. 17r

usun-u iles iledbes 19r

usun sau(ad 21v

usun-u inar bui 22r, 22v

Sadabis Udaribadaribad Rivadi Burvasad Mul Asali( irvan ede dolo(an

na(idar usun-u inar bui 45v

Tanis Sadabis Burvabadaribad Udaribadaribad Rivad'i Aivani eden

usun bui 61r

usun-u kia(ar-a ni(uu amui 23r

usun irgey 30r

usun tegerme bosqabasu 32r

usun-u dolo(an na(idar 32r

qa(an biy-e-ben kis-n usun-iyar ugiya(ad 32v

usun(-u) galab 33r, 33r

usun suba( tatabasu 36r

usun takil 45v

usu iroi qoyar uarabasu 46r

usu kei qoyar uarabasu 46r

usu (al qoyar uarabasu 46r

2177
WORD INDEX

Usun edr

Usun Modun Altan ede edd sayin 48v

usun maqabud 54r

uu

uu

uu gi

uu gi yile 7v

uu gi edr 7v

uu baras

im baras sara 7v

im baras a( 7v

uu luu

im luu sara 7v

im luu a( 7v

uu morin

im morin sara 7v

im morin a( 7v

uu bein

im bein sara 7v

im bein a( 7v

uu noqai

2178
WORD INDEX

im noqai sara 7v

im noqai a( 7v

uu qulu(an-a

im qulu(an-a sara 7v

im qulu(an-a a( 7v

uu gii/jii 41r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r, 52r

uu(u-

[see under u(uu-]

uya-

uyau

tas dt sumun-dur isn il ngge-d keb-d-i uyau 32v

tu(-un iin-t uyau 50v

de-

debes

ber'i ba(ul(abasu debes 27v

okin debes 31v

dei

dei

dei idei eren gimi 40r

dei x 40r

dei-yin

2179
WORD INDEX

d[e]i-yin a(-dur ed-iyen baraqu ma(u bui 56v

ge(n)

ge

ker yeke ge glemi 32v

ge da(un bolqu 50r, 52v

sayin ge sonosqu 50v, 58r

ge da(un uaram 52v

ge irek 58r

ge(n)-dr

abinar ge-dr duralayu 27r

kbegn trbes gen-dr mergen bolu(ad 27v

gen-tr uran 61v

gegre-

gegrek

gegrek ma(u edr 34v

qota baribasu gegrek 41r

gegreglegi/gegrglgi [see also geyireglgi]

gegreglegi/gegrglgi

gegrglgi edrn belge (urbalin ula(an bui 20v

bayan kmn-i gegreglegi odun ali bui 33r

bayan kmn-i gegriglgi Rkini buyu 33v

2180
WORD INDEX

namurun dumdadu gegreglegi 41r

geg

geg

geg kmn 33r, 33v

geg kmn-i bayan bol(an idamu 32v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui iles geg duta(uu bol(a(i odun ali bui 33v

geg duta(uu bol(a(i Barani 33v

qoyar luu ilt uru( gen geg bui 54v

gegy-e

gegy-e 39r

endegrelgegy-e qono( tasura(san-i medeki kereg 4v

urbalgegy-e to(ala(daqui 5v

gei

gei 6r, 6v, 7r, 16r, 32r, 33r, 38v, 61r

ir(u(an okin sarada qorin isn-ee ileg qono( gei bui

ai( gei 25v, 34r 3r

r-e gei 27r, 33r, 52v, 52v

(abiy-a gei 27r

tusa gei 28r, 42r

taiyang(ui gei 31r

gem gei 49v, 49v, 49v, 58v

2181
WORD INDEX

gey-ee

sabangey-ee bolbasu qari il tokiyaldumui 7r

gey-yin

gey-yin tula(da) 3v, 3v, 3v, 3v, 4r

Taulai sara-dur (uin qono(gey-yin tula-da 3r

Mo(ai sara-dur uridu arban tabun gey-yin tula arban drben inu

arban tabun bolumui 3v

gen

[see under ge(n)]

ges

ges-dr

ges-dr urin bolu(ad 61r

geyire-

geyirek

sasa deledbes geyirek 42r

geyireglgi [see also gegreglegi]

geyireglgi

namurun es geyireglgi sar-a bui 41r

ebln terign geyireglgi sara bui 41v

ebln dumdadu geyireglegi sara bui 41r

ebln es geyir[e]glgi sara bui 41r

2182
WORD INDEX

namurun terign geyireglgi sara bui 41r

geyireglgi qara edr 41v

qamu(-i geyireglgi qara imu kemem 42v

bayan kmn-i geyireglgi odun 59r

gle-

glegsen

glegsen-dr

ede edd urida glegsen-tr adali 39r

ari-narun glegsen edr 20r, 47r

glek

kbegn trbes qudal l glek 61r

glemi

ker sara-dur arban tabungei-yin tulada buyu kemen glemi 3v

bombo teyim nigen kmn sura( glemi 22v

ai okin i biy-e inu ken bgetel-e ker yeke ge glemi 32c

gler-n/glern 32v

bandida ingq-a sari gler-n 1v

tere okin glern. bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v

okin qari(uu gler-n/glern 32v, 33r, 33r, 33v, 34r

basa okin glern 33v

glesgei

2183
WORD INDEX

arban qoyar iln sayin ma(u-yi glesgei 34r

gletel-e

qurim qurimlabasu ed tavar gletel-e a(un amin-dur krmi 47v

glegi

a(an segeret qara noqai-tai deged doorad glegi em-e kmn 22r

gleld-

gleldy

esereg tesereg gleldy 34r

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi. kemen

ungimui 35v

i t[g]igi edr 36v

ile

ile 42r

ile iledbes

tariyan-u ile iledbes 13v

do(id-un ile (iledbes) 25r, 28r, 29r, 30v

nigen ile qoyar bol(abasu 26v

diyan-u ile iledbes 31r

aliba ile ekilebes 31r

2184
WORD INDEX

nomo(odqaqui ile iledbes 31v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui ile 33v

ile baribasu 35r

qari(ulqu-yin ile iledbes 35v

amin saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v

a(an ile qara bolumui 42v

kt ile iledbes 45r

oga-yin ile 45v

ile btk 49v, 58r, 58r

ile bolqu 57r

kimuraqu ile bo[l]qu 57r

kl-n yasun ek ile bolqu 57r

ayuqu ile bolqu 58r

ayul-du ile bolqu 58v

ile-dr

qoyar aya(an-u ile-dr (abiy-a gei bolumui 27r

amitu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile-dr sayin 29v

kmn- aliba iled-dr sayin bui 31r

iled-

iled

buu iled 34v

2185
WORD INDEX

do(in iles buu iled 38r

amurling(ui sayin iles buu iled 41v

sayin iles buu iled 41v, 48v

buyan-du iles buu iled 45r

aliba iles buu iled 48r

ya(un buu iled 56r

iledbes 48r

ile iledbes

tariyan-u ile iledbes 13v

do(id-un ile iledbes 25r, 29r, 30v

diyan-u ile iledbes 31r

nomo(odqaqui ile iledbes 31v

qari(ulqu-yin ile iledbes 35v

amin saki(ulsun ile iledbes 35v

kt ile iledbes 45r

iles(-i) iledbes

iles iledbes 26r

usun-u iles iledbes 19r

ma(u iles iledbes 19r

dayisun(-i) daruqu iles iledbes 23v, 26v, 31r

dayisun-i daruqu iles-yi iledbes 29r

2186
WORD INDEX

yampar ba iles iledbes 31v

daru(ulqui-yin iles iledbes 35v

do(id-un iles iledbes 35v

aliba iles iledbes 37r

(aliba) do(in iles iledbes 38r, 39r, 39r

aliba sayin iles iledbes 43r, 44v

sayin iles iledbes 44v

buyan-du sayin iles iledbes 45r

kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r

buyan iledbes 21v, 23r, 23v, 26r, 32r, 34r, 35r

kgsen-dr buyan iledbes 21v, 22v, 25v, 29v, 30v

kgsen kmn-d(r) buyan iledbes 31r, 32r

nom buyan iledbes 24r

oga(-yi) iledbes

luus-un qad-un oga iledbes 22r

tngri-nern oga-yi iledbes 30v

ugiyaqui oga iledbes 31r

buyan-u i(ul(an iledbes 23r

saki(ulsun iledbes 23r, 26v, 28r, 28v, 29r

aliba burqan-u i(ul(an iledbes 26v

alaqu nitulquy-yi iledbes 28r

2187
WORD INDEX

kereg asal iledbes 30v

burqan-tur aliba takil iledbes 31v

buyan oli( iledbes 31v

buyan qurim iledbes 31v

amin(-u) saki(ulsun iledbes 34r, 36r, 36v

amin(-u) oli( saki(ulsun iledbes 36r, 36v, 36v, 37r

(al-un takil iledbes 34v

qa(uin-dur iledbes 37v

tegni da(an iledbes 40r

ya(un sedke iledbes 47v

ger brik iledbes 47v

iledk

iles iledk 2r

aliba iles l iledk 24v, 42v

iledk-d

nom buyan iledk-d sayin 60v

iledki

taulai iledki 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

12v, 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v,

18v, 19v, 19v

kiline iledki a( 17r

2188
WORD INDEX

amin saki(ulsun iledki 46r

iledki-dr

qooritu iles iledki-dr sayin bui 15v

iledte-

iledteki

sarayin inede iledteki buyu 37v

iledgi

iled-dgi kmn 39r

iles

iles 60v

itn barildaqui iles 1v

iles iledk 2r

erkedr oro(ulqui keiyeki iles 13r

qooritu iles iledki-dr sayin bui 15r

amurling(ui iles keyibes 18r

usun-u iles iledbes 19r

ma(u iles iledbes 19r

dayisun(-i) daruqu iles iledbes 23v, 26v, 31r

aliba iles (l) iled- 24v, 37r, 42v

iles iledbes 26r

yampar ba iles iledbes 31v

2189
WORD INDEX

do(id-un iles 32r

do(id-un iles iledbes 35v

ma(ui udusq-a ma(ui iles 33v

daru(ulqui-yin iles iledbes 35v

qutu( oroi(ulqu iles 38r

(aliba) do(in iles iledbes 38r, 39r, 39r

do(in iles buu iled 38r

do(in iles 40r, 45r

amurling(ui sayin iles buu iled 41v

sayin iles buu iled 41v, 48v

(ayila(daqu iles 42r

qamu( ma(u iles ayilaqu 42v

(aliba) sayin iles iledbes 43r, 44v, 44v

buyan-du sayin iles iledbes 45r

buyan-du iles buu iled 45r

kelinit iles iledbes btk 45r

qan kmn iles btk 45v

busu-ber ndr btk iles sayin 45v

buliyan qula(ai-u [=yin] iles 46r

aliba iles sedbes 46v

aliba iles buu iled 48r

2190
WORD INDEX

iles btk 49v, 50r, 50v, 50v

aliba iles btk 50r, 50r

(abiy-a-du iles btk 50r

aliba iles egn-ee ayila(daqu 58v

iles sedbes 61r

ndr btgek iles sayin 61r

iiten tbidk iles sayin 61r

amurling(ui iles sayin 61r

iles-i

dayisun-i daruqu iles-i iledbes 29r

dayisun-i daruqu iles-i egn-lge [n]kibes 42v

aliba iles-i tegn-ee ayila(daqui 43r

sayin iles-i igerle 59r

iles-t

busud-<y>i doroyita(ulqui iles-d 46r

abqu kmn- iles-d sayin 60v

iles-tr 25v

yabuqu sa(uqu iles-dr sayin 23v

aq-a kmn- iles-dr sayin 30r

do(id-un iles-tr sayin 34v

ede iles-dr ma(u 35v

2191
WORD INDEX

ede iles-dr sayin 36r

yertin-yin iles-dr adali busu bolai 38r

do(in iles-dr sayin 41v

aliba do(in qata(uu iles-dr sayin 45r

amurling(ui iles-dr ma(u 45r

aida-yin iles-dr sayin 45v

nasun urtu bolqu iles-tr sayin 45v

qutu( (uyuqui iles-dr sayin 45v

ergki iles-dr sayin 46r

amurling(ui delgereki-yin erke-yin iles-dr sayin 46r

adu(usun gki iles-dr sayin 46r

olgiqui iles-dr sayin 46r

qoor neyileglki iles-dr sayin 46r

aliba iles-dr sayin 47r, 57v

aliba iles-dr mai sayin 57v

aliba iles-dr ma(u 48r

aliba do(in iles-dr sayin 61v

l tbidk iles-dr sayin 61v

buyantu iles-dr sayin 61v

iles-n

iles-n sayin ma(u 46r

2192
WORD INDEX

e-

iro-a buu e 34r

nutu( buu e 34v

egn-i tus e 50r

tusbri e 50r

ene arban qoyar ner-e-yi tuslan e 50v

ede odun na(idar tokiyaldu(ulu e 52r

ede ngget il orobasu iran il il(au e 52r

ebes

belge inu nigen nidn-iyer ebes 3v

teyin ese ebes 4r

bgde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu bol(an ebes 4r

dolo(an qubitu modun-i tbin (aar-a bayi(ulju ebes 6r

egtn

aliba sarayin mr (arqu edr-i tngri-yin ene krdn egtn 49v

ai qa(an narin-a e gn-e onou medegdeki 34r

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli e 42v

ek

sayin ma(u il(al-i ek anu 46v

2193
WORD INDEX

ari-narun glegsen ma(u edr-yi ek anu 47r

mr (arqu edr-n sayin ma(u-i ek krdn bui 49v

arban qoyar edr-n mr (arqu g-n sayin ma(u-yi ek krdn 50r

sayin-i ek 50r

arban qoyar a(-un mr (arqu g-n sayin-i ek krdn 50r

arban qoyar edr a(-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

dolo(an gara( odun-u mr (arqu g-un sayin ma(u-i ek krdn 50v

okin-i bo(tolaqu sar-a-yi ek krdn bui 51r

il-n ngge-ber ber'i abqu-yi ik krdn ene bui 52r

lii klil tngri-yin noqai ede-i keiyen ek kereg-d bolai 52r

gara( odun il saran edr a( kiged-i keiyen ek kereg bolai 54v

er-e em-e qolbaqu ibegel ek anu 54v

qulu(an-a edr iro-a l ek 57r

kl-n yasun ek ile bolqu 57r

eki

saban sara-dur odun na(idar eki bui bges 4r

emi

qorin tabun-a Sara-lu(-a Anurad tokiyaldu(ulu belge imi 19r

egde-

egdek

ene yosu(ar egdek 3r

2194
WORD INDEX

egdeki

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a egdeki buyu 2v

tasura(sun qono(-un odun na(idar-i il(au edgeki 3v

tere sara-yi qoyar ta egdeki buyu 4r

qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 4r

egni narin-a egdeki 6v

uridu qoyitu edr-yi tegi egdeki 6v

ene uaral-i sayitur igdeki 46r

(urban krdn-dr egdeki 48v

tabun dagini-yin mr (arqu edr-yi ene krdn-dr egdeki 49v

ede okin-u il bui tokiyaldu(ulu egdeki 51r

em-e abqu er-e kmn- nasun egdeki 53r

egl-

egl

ii buu igl 33v, 34r

eglbe

to(an-u a'i r-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggi iglbe [=eglbe] 1v

eglbes 34r

ii iglbes 28r

ebedin-i iglbes 36r

eglgsen

2195
WORD INDEX

yeke riddi qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara bolai 8r

eglgi

Manjuari bodis[n]g in . . . to(-a terigten-i eglgi buyu 2r

nigen em-e-yi isn er-e-yin ni(ur iglegi Anurad buyu 34r

kmn-i isn qa(an-i eglgi Abiji buyu 34r

eskleng

eskleng-t

kbegn trbes esklent bolu(ad 25r

kbegn trbes eskleng-t ba(atur tegs ir(alang-du boluyu 25v

gr

gr-t

(ana gr-d sedkil 1v

grke-

grkeki

okid grkeki a( bui 15r

ker

ker

ker sara 19r, 40r, 40v, 40v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r, 51r,

51r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 53v, 58v

Qulu(an-a sara-dur (uin qono( bui bgetel-e ker sara-dur arban

tabungei 3v

2196
WORD INDEX

ding ker sara 7v

gi ker sara 7v

in ker sara 7v

ki ker sara 7v

ii ker sara 7v

Tbedn-dr ker sar-a 19r

ker a( 42r, 42r, 50r, 50v, 51r, 51r, 51r, 53v

ding ker a( 7v

gi ker a( 7v

in ker a( 7v

ki ker a( 7v

ii ker a( 7v

ker (edr) 8r, 8r, 10r, 10r, 12r, 12r, 13r, 16r, 16r, 17r, 17r, 19r, 34r, 34v,

37r, 37r, 37v, 40r, 40r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 42r, 46v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 48r, 48v, 48v,

48v, 50r, 51r, 53v, 53v, 55v, 57r, 58v, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60r, 60v, 60v,

60v, 60v, 60v

ker il 41r, 48r, 51r, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 52v, 55v, 55v, 58v

ker ilt 53r, 53v, 53v, 54r, 54v, 54v

ker ilten 54r, 54v

ker telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v,

[13v], 13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v,

2197
WORD INDEX

18v, 19v, 19v, 19v

itgen- eke ker (aar-a 9r

ker unu(san 5r

qoyar yaba(an ker unu(sun [. . .] kmn 4v

ker-n ger

nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san 11r

nara ker-n ger-dr oro(san-u tula ker quriaqui sar-a bui 11r

ker ebesn-ee (al-du qoroqai trmi 13r

ker sur(abasu 28v

ker abubasu 31v

tariyan taribasu ker ky 34r

ker-i

nigen ker-i a(un bol(a(i odun ali bui 33r

nigen ker-<y>i a(un bol(a(i Rkini buyu 33v

ker-lge

Qulu(an-a ker-lu(-a [=ker-lge] Nara Saran 'al iroi ede drben odun

uarabasu 46r

ker-t

noqai ilt-yi kert buu g 54v

ker-n 59r

ker sar-a mn- tula. ker-n bey-e qala(un bolu ebesn iddlan

2198
WORD INDEX

idemi 19r

ker-n sn mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

k-

kbes 28v, 29r, 30r

kmn kbes 22v, 25r, 26r, 26r, 28v, 29v, 30r, 31v, 41v

nara sara kbes 27r, 32r

qorin naiman nasun-a ese kbes iran nasulayu 61v

kgsen

kgsen-dr

kgsen-dr buyan iledbes 22v, 29v

kgsen-tr tlii gbes 29r

kgsen-i

okin kmn kgsen-i sonostaqu 57v

kgsen-

teg kgsen- gerte-ee morin qudaldubasu 31r

kgsen kmn 24v

kgsen kmn-e tlii gbes 26v

kgsen kmn-dr tlii gbes 29r

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki 27r

kgsen kmn-d(r) buyan iledbes 31r, 32r

kgsen kmn-i [=kmn-] yasun (ar(abasu 35v

2199
WORD INDEX

kgsen kmn-e ya(um-a kibes 44r

amidu ba kgsen qoyar-un ile 29v

kk

kk edr 27v

kk edrn belge inu doro(i qandu(san erdini bui 20r

ulus-un noyan kk 27v

usun-dur kk aya(atu bui 31r

ein inu kk 35r

ereg-n noyan kk 40r

beri ba(ul(abasu kk 40r

kmn kk 40r, 41r

irken met amara( kbegn kk 42r

bey-e inu kk 50r, 50r

ede kk beri bui ma(u 52r

em-e abubasu qa(aiqu kk ma(u bui 53r

arban kmn-ee isn kmn-i kk mai ma(u edr bui 53v

qan kmn tr kk odun 59r

kmn kk ger baribasu 60r

a(u qono(-du kk 60r

kki

telki kki 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 10v, 10v, 11v, 11v, 11v, 12v, 12v, 13v,

2200
WORD INDEX

13v, 13v, 14v, 14v, 15v, 15v, 15v, 16v, 16v, 17v, 17v, 17v, 18v, 18v, 19v,

19v, 19v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar kki ma(u uaral bolumui 45r

kmi

degerkei sedkilten kmi 28v

kbegn trbes em-e-lge-ben l okildun bo(ou kmi 30v

(aar kdelbes usun elbeg bolu amitan usun-dur kmi 31v

ky

kmn ky 26r, 43r

ir(u(an kmn ky 25r

kbegn trbes eige inu ky 29v

ker ky 34r

morin (inu) ky 34r, 35r

burqan-u ein mese-dr ky 34v

kger

kger

kger qara arudasun odun 59r

kger-i

kger-i nomo(adqabasu 46v

kger-n

kger-n qan

2201
WORD INDEX

kger-n qan ada adalamui 26r

kger-n snesn 35v

kger-n yasun asabasu 36v

kger-n abdara kibes 37r

kger-n idkd

kger-n idkd-i darubasu 48v

kgsed

kgsed-tr

kgsed-dr buyan iledbes 21v, 25v, 30v

kgsed-dr tlii buu g 26r

kgsed-n

kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu tlii gbes 28v

kgsed-n nom-du 60v

kl

kl

kl ada uaraqu 50r, 50r

kl-n

kln een 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

ker kln een 8r

kl-n na(idar 30v

kl-n segl 41r

2202
WORD INDEX

kl-n segl tasulbasu 32r

kl-n segl l tasuriyu 34r

usu (al qoyar uarabasu kl-n uiral bui 46r

kln uaral-iyar amin nasun-i boliyu 46r

kl-n yasun ek ile 57r

Burvabalguni irvan Mul Barani kl-n odun bui 60v

lde-

ldebes

eliy-e ldebes 27r

le-

legsen

legsen-i

ligsen-i [=legsen-i] saban sara bolumui 5r

ligsen [=legsen] ir(u(an edr-<y>i nigedbes 6v

lemi

ir(u(an edr lemi 6v, 6v, 6v

lemi

lemi 54r

lemi ir(alang-du bolumui 52v

l 4v, 7r, 18r, 20r, 23r, 24v, 24v, 24v, 27r, 28r, 28v, 29r, 30r, 30v, 34r, 34r, 34v,

2203
WORD INDEX

34v, 35v, 35v, 35v, 37v, 39v, 41r, 41r, 41r, 42r, 42v, 46r, 46r, 46r, 46r, 47v, 47v,

47v, 47v, 47v, 47v, 48r, 48r, 51v, 52r, 52r, 52v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 53v, 54v, 56r,

56v, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v, 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r,

58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58v, 60r, 60v, 60v, 60v, 61r, 61v, 61v, 61v, 61v

edr l tasuraqu 3v

saban sar-a-yi l meden 4r

ai r-e inu l bty 4r

qono( tasuraqui nigen g-iyer l bol(an kiiyen egdeki 4r

l sedk 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r, 47v

ndsn

ndsn

Manjuari-aa ndsn dandris ba astir-nu(ud-tur 1v

Manjuari-yin ndsn dandris-dur nomlar-un 2r

ebesn- ndsn kkemi 2r

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn 3r

(aar-tur qamu( nabi ndsn ur(umui 12r

ndsn-dr

Keriy-e-yin ndsn-dr nomla(san 56v

ndsn-ee

Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee . . . okiyabai 2v

ndsn-

2204
WORD INDEX

ndsn- geign-i nigleski gara( 2r

ndsn- yosu(ar 37v

ed-n ndsn erke-yi btgeki 45v

negen

negen 59r

negen met ma(u 27v

nemle-

nemleki

nemleky-yin qamu( nom-ud tu(urbil-aa 1v

nen

nen nom-un krdn 13r

dolo(an odun-i nen-iyer aril(an to(oladaqui 24v

nesn

modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v

niy-e

niyen- 59r

r-e

r-e

ai r-e

ai r-e inu l bty 4r

ai r-e inu mai yeke bol[u]yu 38r

2205
WORD INDEX

ai r-e inu modun tlegsen nesn-dr adali bolumui 44v

ai r-e inu mai sayin bolumui 44v

ai r-e inu ksel-iyer bolumui 44v

ai r-e btk 46r

r-e tariyan

r-e tariyan-u sayin ma(u-i belgelemi 9r

r-e tariyan gbes 30r

r-e saubasu 21v, 26r, 26v, 29r, 29v, 29v, 32r

r-e sauqui 45v

r-e gei (kmn)

r-e gei kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 27r

r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun 33r

r-e-gei bol- 52v, 52v

qan kmn-i r-e alda(ula(i 33r, 33v

r-e tasulu(i (odun) 34r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 41r, 59r

r-e tasura- 41v, 52v, 52v, 61r

r-e inu l bayimui 34v

r-e sadun

r-e sadun-aa qa(ai(ulqui 46r

r-e sadun qa(aiqu 46v

r-e sadun delgereged 52v

2206
WORD INDEX

qoyitu r-e (uyirani bolumui 47v

qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v

r-e mal delgerek sayin 52r

r-e uqa( 52r

r-e-tei

r-e-gei kmn-i r-e-tei bol(a(i odun 33r

r-e-yi

to(an-u a'i r-e-yi a(ui yeke delgerenggi iglbe 1v

r-e-yin

ai r-e-yin uaral-iyar bolumui 46r

qoyitu r-e-yin r-e inu bayan bolu(ad 47v

rgli

rgli

rgli seig

qoyar odun-u dri inu rgli seig met bui 31r

rglide

rglide 52v

saban sar-a-yi l meden rglide to(alabasu sayin ma(u ai r-e inu

l bty 4r

egride-yin uiral-iyar rglide ir(alang-tu bolumui 46r

sken

2207
WORD INDEX

sken

sken qur-a

sken qur-a oromui 11r

sken qur-a-yin a( 14r

boro(an orobasu sken bolqu 61r

s(n)

sn

ir(u(an odun-u dri inu sn dyil(i tong(ori(-dur adali bui 25r

(urban odun-u dri inu grgesn- qan-u terign- sn met bui 30r

ker-n sn

ker-n sn mr (arbasu ma(u 49r

sn kir(abasu 57r, 57r, 57r, 57r, 57v, 57v, 57v

sn x 57v, 58r, 58r, 58r, 58r

sn-i

ede a(tur sn-i samla 51r

sn-iyen

nigen kmn sn-iyen ayidu 24r

sg

sg

qara sa sg

qariqui edrn belge inu qara sa sg bui 20r

2208
WORD INDEX

ula(an aa sg

ari-narun glegsen edrn belge ula(an aa sg bui 20r

ula(an sg bui 47v

qara jva sg

do(in edrn belge inu qara jva sg bui 20r

qara jii sg

ingbng gik edrn belge qara jii sg bui 20v

qara ji sg

qara ingpng-yin [=ingpng-n] belge inu qara ji sg bui 42v

qara ging sg

ginggang idei erik edrn belge qara ging sg bui 20v

sg-dr

Kitad sg-dr. an uu man bing. ding gi p i. eng iu ke bi.

kemen ungimui 35v

mong(ol sg-dr eilegi aril(a(i dgrgi tbidkegi to(ta(i

saki(i ebdegi tigi btgi quriya(i negegegi qa(a(i kemen

ungimui 35v

vair

vair 38r

naiman ayima( i(ul'qu edrn belge inu vair bui 20r

arimdu( vair 38r

2209
WORD INDEX

qariqui edrn belge inu arimdu( vair bui 20r

drben odun-u dri vair met bui 31r

Vima

Vima

bi tngri-yin okin Vim-a neret qatun buyu 32v

Jagarvar-un qa(an-u odun deged Uma neret (adasun kiged Vim-a

neret qoyar odun bui 32v

Vim-a neret qatun ge ii buu igl 33v

Vim-a neret qatun Qasta buyu 34r

tngri-yin Vim-a neret deged qa(an (aar-un qara qara(ai kemek

qoyar-aa trgsen kbegn inu (aarun ein qa(an kemegdey 39v

vimading

vimading

vimading kemek edr mr (arbasu sayin 49v

yaa(-a

[see also under ya(as]

yaa(-a-yin

Usun odun kemebes yaa(-a-un [=yaa(-a-yin] qa(an-u gara( bky-yin

tula. usun inar bui 22v

yaba(an

yaba(an

2210
WORD INDEX

qoyar yaba(an ker 4v

yabu-

yabu

buu yabu 50r, 53r

yabubasu

degerem qula(ai yabubasu 34r

i(ulin yabubasu 41r

yeke negdel yabubasu 41v

yabumui

obalang(-un) tngri yabumui 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r,

18r, 19r

kbegn trbes eneleki obalang-iyar qoqui kemen obau yabumui 47v

nara sara-lu(-a saa(u yabumui 55r

i(ulin l yabumui 60v

yabuqu

aliba yabuqu sa(uqu iles 23v

yabuqu mr 24r

obalang-un tngri yabuqu edr 56v

yabuqui

gara( ba yabuqui odun bgde-yi i(au gsgei 32v

degerm-e qula(ai-tur yabuqui 61v

2211
WORD INDEX

yabudal

yabudal 55r

qorin naiman na(idar-un yabudal eyin bui 24v

i(ulilabasu yabudal uda(an bolqu 35r

qara ingpng-n yabudal 42r

tngri-yin noqai-yin yabudal 55v

yabu(i

yabu(i

Qasta na(idar kemebes qurdun yabu(i na(idar kemey 28r

dumda bki-yi to(orin yabu(i odun ali bui 32v

a(ula-yin door-a to(orin yabu(i odun ali bui 32v

yabu(ul-

yabu(ulbasu

ong(oa yabu(ulbasu 36v

ya(as

[see also under yaa(-a]

ya(as-un

ya(as-un ayima(-ud-iyar kriyelegl 38v, 38v

ya(um-a

ya(um-a

qara ya(um-a bari(san em-e 5r

2212
WORD INDEX

ya(um-a kibes 44r

ya(un

ya(un 56r

ya(un ba

ya(un ba abubasu 25r, 28v

ya(un ber

ya(unber l taki(daqu 57r

ya(un idamu 32v

ya(un sedke iledbes 47v

ya(un-u

ya(un-u tula 2r, 55r

yal-a

yal-a

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23r

yal-a-dur

qula(ai kibes yal-a-dur oroqu 41r

yama(-a/yama(an/ima(an

yama(-a

qoni yama(-a srglebes 31v

yama(an-u

yama(an-u eber 21v

2213
WORD INDEX

yama(an-u tolo(ai-u manglai-dur toli e 42v

ima(an-u 59r

ima(an-u terign met 59v

yampar

yampar

yampar ba iles iledbes 31v

yamparba kereg asal keyilgebes 35v

yampar qa(uin bara(an brin-e asabasu 36r

yampar ba sayin iles buu iled 41v

yamparilan

yamparilan

ari(un takin-a yamparilan uqa(ulqui anu 1v

Yang Gung-ii

Yang Gung ii

arban qoyar sarayin Yang Gung ii kemek ari-narun glegsen ma(u

edr-<y>i ek anu 47r

yangqa

yangqa

yal-a yangqa qa(albasu 23v

yar-a

yar-a

2214
WORD INDEX

yar-a arq-a bolqu 50r

yasu(n)

yasu-tu

qara yasutu meneki mr [(arbasu] ma(u 49r

yasutu meneki met 59v

yasutu menekey-yin krmeli 60r

yasun

kmn- yasun (ar(abasu 23r, 24v, 25v, 27r, 30v, 35v

kgsen kmn- yasun tleki-dr 27r

kgsed-n yasun (ar(abasu 28v

yasun (ar(abasu 30r, 31v, 40r, 41r, 42r, 43v, 44r, 47v

yasun buu (ar(-a ((ar(abasu) 33v, 34r, 43r, 55r

kmn- yasun bulabasu 32r

kmn[-] yasun bariqu-yin a(ur-a ola ol(o(ula(i Tanis buyu 33v

qa(uin kger-n yasun asabasu 36v

eige aba(-a-yin yasun bulabasu 42v

kmn- yasun bari(san beri bui dumda sayin 54r

yasun ba rdovarma (ar(abasu 55v

kl-n yasun ek ile bolqu 57r

mr ba yasun buu (ar(-a 58v

yegd-

2215
WORD INDEX

yegdk

gertr yegdk edr 6r

yegdke-

yegdkeki

yegdkeki-dr

gertr yegdkeki-dr 6r

yegdken

l yegdken 7r

yeke

yeke 13r

a(ui yeke 1v

a(ui yeke na(idar 25v

(aq-a) yeke kmn 4v, 57v

yeke sar-a 51v, 53r

ir(u(an yeke ir(u(an ken sar-a 6v

sara yeke bges 51v, 51v, 51v, 52v, 60r

saras-un yeke ken-i irek bges 7r

yeke riddi qubil(an eglgsen buyan-tu sara 8r

yeke tngri 8r, 9r, 10r, 11r, 12r, 13r, 14r, 15r, 16r, 17r, 18r, 19r

yeke salkin bolqu 14r, 15r

yeke kiten- a( 17r

2216
WORD INDEX

yeke qara edr 41v, 41v

yeke qara edrn belge 20v

yeke erket iroy-yin inar 24r

yeke ud bolumui 25v

yeke kimor-du 26r, 26v, 27r

yeke (aar 27r

qaram sedkil yeke 27v

yeke kii kdelk 27v

yeke na(adum 28v

yeke beligt 30r, 31v

qaram yeke biligt 31r

yeke arad toyin-nar-a ma(u 30v

ker yeke ge glemi 32v

yeke ken odun bgde dumda(ur-a to(orimui 32v

o(tu yeke a(an 33v, 34r

yeke amatu 33v

yeke klge-yi ori(ulqu edr 34v

qad yeke uru( ba(uraqu 34v

adistid yeke bolumui 37v, 38r

qoor qoromi yeke boluyu 38r

qoor qomsa yeke bolqu 39r

2217
WORD INDEX

ai r-e inu mai yeke bol[u]yu 38r

yeke i(ul(an 38v

ber-n dayan-u kn yeke bges ber 39r

yeke kt 40r, 46r

yeke tr baribasu 41v

yeke negdel yabubasu 41v

(ai qari yeke bolqu 47v

yeke erger-d bolumui 47v

yeke ma(u 50r

yeke sayin 50r, 53r, 54v

buq-a-yin yeke qara segul 50v

tngri-yin noqay-yin yabudal yeke kereg-d bui 55v

yeke bayasqulang bolqu 56r, 56r

tusa yeke bolqu 56v

(abiy-a tusa yeke bolqu 57r, 57v

yeke sun-a odun 59r

yeke (arul(-a-u 59v

yekede

ed tavar yekede olqu 50r, 50r, 50r

yeke-t

ar(-a ali yeke-d bui 28r

2218
WORD INDEX

yender

yender

qota yender baribasu 42v

yerimdeg

[see under erimdeg]

yertin [see under yirtin]

yer

yer

yer 3r, 4r, 38r, 51v, 55r

yer ta(alal 3v

yer r-e tasulu(i 34r

yer ma(u 48v

yeru sayin 53r

yerde 23r

yerde sayin 36v

yii

[see under i; see also under gi]

yile

yile

a yii [=i] yile 7v

ii geng yile 7v

2219
WORD INDEX

bing in yile 7v

ding im yile 7v

uu gi yile 7v

yilig

yilig 8v, 8v, 8v, 8v, 9v, 9v, 9v, 12v, 13v, 16v

yirtin

yirtin-dekin

yirtin-dekin-

yirtin-tekin- obalang 2v

yirtin-teki ng bilig 1v

yirtin-teki darasun amtatu bolumui 8r

yirtin-teki arsalan quraimui 14r

yirtin-teki<n> okid jgrkeki a( 15r

yirtin-teki dusul terigten-i inglegr-iyer inglemi 16r

yirtin-teki amitan-i alau kiline iledki a( 17r

yirtin-teki numun qata(uu kt bolumui 18r

yirtin-deki aliba sayin iles iledbes 44v

yirtin-dr

yirtin-dr meneki-yin da(un kgemei bolumui 13r

yirtin-yi

yirti[n]-yi ebdegi 39v

2220
WORD INDEX

yirtin-yin

yirtin-yin qamu( amitan quraaqui sedkil trmi 12r

yirtin-yin iles 38r

yokibani

yokibani

na(idar-a sam-a yokibani 32r

yosu(n)

yosu

ir(u(an qono( tasuraqui yosu 3r

yosu-yi

Dlb-a-yin yosu-yi ta(ala(in kiged usun-iyar qono( to(alaqui yer

ta(alal inu tabun il bolu(ad nigen saban sar-a bolumui 3v

yosun

nigen qono(-i a(un mi bol(an to(alaquy-yin yosun 6r

yosun medeki mergen 56v

yosun-dur

to(an-u yosun-dur qono( tasuraqui ba saban sar-a qoyar-yi medek

kereg 3r

yosun-u

merged tere yosun-u sayitur uqau narin-a egdeki buyu 2v

yosutu

2221
WORD INDEX

bgde-yin to(alal nigen yosutu bol(an ebes 4r

yosu(ar

yosu(ar 32v

iroi odun-iyar ekilegsen- yosu(ar to(olabasu 2r

Manjuari-yin nomla(san Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar 2v

Enedk[e]g-n yosu(ar 2v, 2v

Baras Morin Noqai sara-yi iroi odun-iyar ekileki terigten

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

na(idar anu burqan-u nomla(san Naran-u irken neret sudur-lu(-a

Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar tokiyaldu(ulu(san okiyabai 2v

arban qoyar itn barilduqui inu Jagr-a sambura-yin ndsn-ee

Nagajun-a-yin okiya(san yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

il kiged naiman ayima( terigten (aar usun-u eid ba i(ulqui qariqui ba.

qami(-a sa(uqui terigten-i Kitad-un to(oin-u yosu(ar okiyabai 2v

Bajar dagini-yin ndsn kiged Jagr-a-sambur-a-yin yosu(ar Margiar

sara-yin arban ir(u(an ebln nara ba(uqu edr inelemi 3r

yer Sua( sar-a terigten arban qoyar sar-a-du na(idar-un neres-iyer

nereyidk inu nigen tokiyaldu(san-u tulada. ene yosu(ar egdek 3r

qan tayii timed yosu(ar odu 21v

ndsn- yosu(ar 37v

odun na(idar qamtuddu(san-iyar drben maqabud-un sayin ma(u uiral

2222
 a(-un krdn- yosu(ar okiyasu(ai 45v

agabud-iyan yosu(ar 56v

yuu

yuu

yuu sui

ene on uu [=yuu] sui 7r

2223
 Curriculum Vitae
of Brian Baumann
2451 E. 10th St., #920
Bloomington, IN 47408
(812) 857-6387
bbaumann@indiana.edu
EDUCATION:
PhD Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana University, 2000-2005
Dissertation: Divine Knowledge: Buddhist Mathematics According to Antoine
Mostaerts Manual of Mongolian Astrology and Divination
Organizer, Manchu Reading Group, 2004-2005
MA Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana University, 1995-2000
Area of Speciality, Mongolian Studies
Minor Fields, East Asian Languages and Culture, Tibetan
Languages studied: Mongolian, Mongolian Dialects, Daur, Chinese (modern
and classical), Tibetan, Manchu, Uigur, French, and German
Fellowship, FLAS, 1998
MA English, University of North Dakota, 1990-1995
Graduate Teaching Assistant
BA English, University of North Dakota, 1985-1990
Summa cum laude
Phi Beta Kappa
WORK EXPERIENCE:
TEACHING:
Assistant Instructor, The Tibetan Issue, 2001
Assistant Instructor, Mongolian Culture, 1998
English composition, University of North Dakota, 1990-91, 1993-95
English language, Peace Corps, Mongolia, 1991-1993
TRANSLATING AND INTERPRETING FOR MONGOLIAN:
U.S. State Department, 1997-2005
AT&T Language Line Services, 1998-present
Pangea Communications, 2001
International Monetary Fund, 2001
TELE Interpreters: 2002-present
LIBRARY:
Cataloguer, Indiana University, 1996-2002
PAPERS PRESENTED:
True Miracles: the Rhetoric of Buddhist Ritual, Central Eurasian Studies
Conference, 2005.
Conflicting Concepts of Time: a Motif for Looking at the Fall of Buddhism and the
Rise of Communism in Mongolia, Mongolia Society Conference, 2005.
The Omen Portent in Inner Asia, Central Eurasian Studies Conference, 2001.
Gods and the Unexcluded Middle Term, Central Eurasian Studies Conference,
2000.
Aspects of Time Reckoning in Sangwars Manual, Central Eurasian Studies
Conference, 1998.
 The Literary Appeal of Baron Ungern Sternbergs Mongolian Reign, Central
Eurasia Studies Conference, 1997.
ARTICLES:
Nakshatra astrology in Antoine Mostaerts Manual of Mongolian Astrology and
Divination, The Black Master: Essays on Central Eurasia, Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005.
REVIEWS:
T. Namjim, Mongolyn Ert ba Edugee [Mongolia, past and present], in Mongolian
Studies,[forthcoming].
Paula Sabloff, ed., Modern Mongolia: Reclaiming Genghis Khan in Journal of Asian
Studies in Journal of Asian Studies, 37 (2003): 118-120.
Gertrude Roth Li, Manchu, a Textbook for Reading Documents in Eurasian Studies
Yearbook 73 (2000): 194-197.
EDITORIAL WORK:
Jennifer Liu, Encounters [forthcoming].
Jennifer Liu, Connections I & II, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
Jack Weatherford, Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World, New York:
Crown Publishers, 2004.
AFFILIATIONS:
American Academy of Religion
Association for Asian Studies
The Mongolia Society