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Chapter 5:
Design of Vibration Control
Semester II/2013-2014
Introduction
Vibration
Receiver
source Transmission
path
fe
Source
(machine,
engine)
m
x
Isolator k c
(support)
Receiver
(floor, roof) ft
Lecture Notes, Mechanical Vibrations, Semester I/2013-2014 Dr. Azma Putra
Case of vibration transmission CASE 2
Receiver
(building,
sensitive object)
m y
Isolator k c
(support)
x
Source
(earthquake, road input)
m
For the transmitted force:
j!t
x(t) Ft e = c x + kx
Isolator
k c
j!t
Substituting x(t) = Xe
Receiver
v
u 2
u !
u 1 + 4 2 2
u !n
T =u
u" 2 # 2
u ! ! 2
t 1 2
+ 4 2
!n !n
Low frequency: ! !n ) T = 1
Resonance: ! = !n ) T = 1/(2)
High frequency: ! !n ) T = 2!n /!
2
10
=0.01
=0.04
1 =0.1
10
increasing =0.2
damping
T
Transmissibility,
1
0
10
T
1
10 increasing
damping
p
!= 2!n
2
10
amplification isolation
3
10 1
10 !=
10 !
n
0
./n
1
10 frequency, !
Equation of motion:
m
xt + c(x t x e ) + k(xt xe ) = 0
Receiver
k c
j!t
xe (t) = Xe e
Source
Xt Ft
T = =
Displacement transmissibility Xe Fe
=
Force transmissibility
Lecture Notes, Mechanical Vibrations, Semester I/2013-2014
Illustration of base excitation
2
10
=0.01
=0.04
1 =0.1
10
=0.2
T
Transmissibility,
1
0
10
T
1
10
2
10
amplification isolation
3
10 1 0 1
10 10
./n
10 frequency, !
E = 2(1 + )G
= Poissons ratio
E = Youngs modulus
G = Shear modulus
EA GA
k= k=
I h
r
0.01 2.42 ,T
0.1 2.58 0
T ity
10
Transmissibil
0.2 2.91
0.5 5.13
= 0.2 = 0.5
1
10
= 0.01
= 0.1
2 4 6 8 10 12
./n
r = !/!n
m = 3 kg
! ! = 35 rad/s
r= 2.42 ) k 627.5 N/m
!n
p
c = 2 km 0.87 kg/s
It has to consider:
fT = ma = m
xt
m xt (t)
|fT | = ! 2 m|Xt |
fT k c
xe
2
10
increasing increasing
1 damping damping
10
|fT /kXe |
0
10 1
T
1
10
r =1 r = !/!n
2
10
y (t)
8
>
<Y sin !p t if 0 t t1 ,
y (t) =
>
:
t1 t 0 if t > t1
!p is the excitation frequency t1 = /!p is the pulse duration
x(t)
y (t)
! n t1 0.1225m 2
< 0.35 ) k<
t12
desired stiffness
ks kv
Lecture Notes, Mechanical Vibrations, Semester I/2013-2014 Dr. Azma Putra
Lecture Notes, Mechanical Vibrations, Semester I/2013-2014 Dr. Azma Putra
Dynamic vibration absorber
ma xa
Absorber
ka ca
Main target m
structure x
Main target m
structure x
Isolator k c
y k c
m
x + c x + kx + ca (x x a ) + ka (x xa ) = f (t) (1a)
ma xa + ca (x a x)
+ ka (xa x) = 0 (2a)
2
(ka ! ma + j!ca )Xa
k c
(ka + j!ca )X = 0 (2b)
(ka ! 2 ma + j!ca )F
X =
[k + ka ! 2 m + j!(c + ca )] (ka ! 2 ma + j!ca ) (ka + j!ca )2
(ka ! 2 ma )F
X =
[k + ka ! 2 m + j!c] (ka ! 2 ma ) ka2
2
X =0 ka ! ma = 0
r
ka
!=
ma
1
10
X
F
2
10
Receptance, |X/F|
3
10
4
10
1
10 10
0
f (t)
fa (t) = ka xa = ka = f (t)
ka
North Bank,
Arsenal Football Club
Taipei 101
Suspended sphere-shaped
mass block with
8 viscous dampers