COMMON DISEASE & TREATMENT

Outpatient

1. sarcoptic mange (in dogs) & notoedric mange (in cats)

- Notoedres cati is a common mange in cats and Sarcoptes scabiei is a common
mange mite in dogs
- Papular eruptions progress to scaling, crusting, and excoriations of the ear
margins and other parts of the body.
- Most common treatment is ivermectin at 200300 mcg/kg, PO or SC, every 12
week for 34 treatments.

Notoedric mange in cat

2. Diabetes Mellitus
- Decreased insulin production and usually they are related to destruction of islet
cells, secondary to either immune destruction or severe pancreatitis (in dogs) or
amyloidosis (in cats).
- Common signs include polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia with weight loss, and
weakness
- The renal threshold for glucose is 180 mg/dL in dogs and 280 mg/dL in cats.
- Treatment involves a combination of weight reduction, diet, insulin, and possibly
oral hypoglycemic.
- Insulin : dogs 0.5 U/kg, bid
- Oral hypoglycemic agents (glipizide) use for diabetic cats: initial dose of 2.5 mg,
bid, PO.
3. Sporotrichosis
- Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease of skin that caused by Sporothrix schenckii.
- Zoonotic infections can occur. Cats tend to experience a severe form of
cutaneous sporotrichosis, making them an even greater risk for transmitting the
infection to other animals and people
- Symptom : Bumps, or lesions on the skin surface, swollen lymph glands
- Treatment: Itraconazole (10 mg/kg/day) is considered the treatment of choice and
continue for 3-4 weeks. During
treatment, the animal should be monitored for signs of iodide toxicity, the sign
and symptom might appear as an anorexia, vomiting, depression, muscle
twitching, hypothermia, cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular collapse, and death
4. Ear mites
 - tiny infectious organisms resembling microscopic ticks.
- Infection usually produces a characteristic dry black ear discharge
- Treatment: tresaderm (thiabendazole, dexamethasone, neomycin sulfate solution)
instill five to 15 drops in the ear twice daily for 10 days.

Surgery

1. Hiatal hernias
- occur through the esophageal hiatus
- most common in cats is sliding hernia and is characterized by intermittent
displacement of the lower esophageal sphincter and gastric fundus into the
thoracic cavity
- Clinical signs include dysphagia, regurgitation, vomiting, ptyalism, and
esophagitis due to decreased function of the lower esophageal sphincter
- Surgical correction is by combination of hiatal plication, esophagopexy, and left-
side gastropexy.
2. Prolapse of the Eye
- Acute prolapse or proptosis of the eye occurs as a result of trauma.
- It is common in dogs and infrequent in cats.
- Prognosis depends on the extent of the trauma, the breed of dog, depth of the
orbit, duration of the proptosis, resting pupil size, condition of the exposure
keratitis, and other periocular damage.
- The globe should be replaced as soon as possible if the animal's physical
condition will permit induction of general anesthesia
- Treatment consists of systemic antibiotics and occasionally corticosteroids,
combined with topical antibiotics and mydriatics.

Reference

Merck veterinary manual http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/search.html

Mar Vista Animal Medical Center http://www.marvistavet.com/the-pet-web-library.pml