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Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 23: First order response of RC circuit


and time constants of RL and RC

Engr. Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher


Assistant Professor, EED
KFUEIT, Pakistan

https://twitter.com/EEDKFUEIT Learning Management System 10.1.0.6


Slide credits
Graph on slide 9 and 10 is from the following book
Nilsson, J.W., 2008. Electric circuits. Pearson Education
India.

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
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Contents
Introduction

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General and particular solution
At t=0 switching occurs
Switch is moved from 1 to 2.
At t=0- Vc(0-)=V
At t=0- i=0
At t=0 the current changes abruptly from zero to
V/R.
Applying KVL with switch connected to point 2

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General and particular solution
Differentiating the eq. and dividing by R on both
sides,

The general solution for this equation is

The particular solution is

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General and particular solution
The current waveforms

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Time constants
For an RL circuit
T= time constant = L/R
The time constant determines the rate at which the
current or voltage approaches zero.
Using this concept the expression are rewritten as

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Time constants
Time constant is a convenient way of measuring the
time elapsed after the disturbance.
After the inductor has begun to release its stored
energy, the current reduces to one T of its initial
value. (e-1 =0.37)

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Time constants
For most of the circuits the steady state is reached
after five time constants.
The time constant provides information about the
time required by current to reach its final state if the
change in current is constant at its initial rate.
For example. Suppose we dont know about the
time constant. Then the
extended slope (tangent at t=0)
give information about T

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and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
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Time constant
The same tangent can be drawn for an RC circuit at
t=0.
For an RC circuit the time constant is RC.

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