Planning - Introduction

Planning Functions
Once the structuring has been done with the WBSE and the Networks. We start with planning phase.
During the planning Phase we must plan the Dates and Timelines that is schedules, Costs, Resources,
Materials and the Revenue.

Overview of the date planning options with WBS elements and networks.
The project planning board, is particularly useful for planning and evaluating dates

Project Planning Board

We Plan basic dates for WBS elements by means of the project planning Board
- The project planning board is based on an interactive SAP Gantt chart.
- to create and edit the Project Definition, WBS elements, activities, relationships, milestones,
material components, documents, and PS texts.
- The project planning board is also particularly useful for planning dates and resources (work,
external processing), as well as determining and planning costs using activities.

These are the following project overviews:

- Capacity overview: The system displays the work centers along with their capacity load utilization
for the activities selected. Green bars indicate that capacity is still available, while red bars indicate
that the available capacity has been exceeded.
- Materials overview: The system displays the components (and the corresponding requirements
dates) assigned to the activities selected.
- Cost/revenue overview: The system displays the development of the costs/revenues for the WBS
elements or activities selected.
- Maintenance orders: In a further sub-screen, the system displays the maintenance orders that
have been assigned to an activity.
 After mapping the project using the work breakdown structure (WBS) and the
network structure,
Plan the dates of the individual work packages
To estimate the expected costs and revenues
To provide internal and external resources
Material on schedule before the project starts.
planning of capacity requirements

Date Planning
o Different functions for planning dates
A work breakdown structure and networks, the scheduling data can be exchanged
between the WBS elements and the activities

o The Three Sets of dates

Basic Dates and Forecast Dates

Forecast set of dates is used for baselining

Copy the dates of the basic set of dates once into the forecast set of dates
Changes to dates that may become necessary at a later stage are made to the basic
set of dates, while keeping dates in the forecast set of dates unchanged

Actual Dates
A third set of dates is available for entering actual

Copy dates from one set of dates to the other set of dates as often as you like
If you want to maintain several stages of time scheduling, you can use project
versions

Date Scheduling
Date Planning with WBS Elements
- We enter the start and the finish date at the time of creation of the project
- We pan the dates on the WBSE and the Network Activity.
- If the dates go beyond the end date system notifies about the same
- Time scheduling is based on the factory Calendar
- Customization on Factory calendar can be done through the transaction SCAL
- Copy Top Down functions
-
-
Planning methods
 o Top-Down
When saving, the system automatically checks the dates within the project structure.
If the time scheduling is not consistent, the project cannot be saved. However, no
dates are automatically changed.
o Bottom-Up
When saving, the system automatically changes the dates of WBS elements and
project definition via bottom-up extrapolation.
o Strict Bottom-Up
When saving, the system automatically changes the dates of WBS elements and
project definition using a strict bottom-up extrapolation.
o Open Planning
The system does not automatically check or change the dates. However, you can
manually trigger the Check dates within project structure or Extrapolate dates
functions.

Scheduling with Networks

Scheduling is used in:
Material requirements planning: In-house production times and delivery times specified
in the material master record are taken into account.
Capacity planning: Scheduling is done using routings. There is a distinction between lead
time scheduling, in which capacity loads are not taken into account, and finite scheduling, in
which capacity loads are taken into account.
Networks: Scheduling calculates the earliest and latest dates for the execution of the
activities, capacity requirements, and floats.
The scheduling types include:
Forward scheduling: scheduling starting from the start date
Backward scheduling: scheduling starting from the finish date
Scheduling to current date: scheduling starting from the current date
Today scheduling: rescheduling of an order if the start date is in the past

Planned dates of WBS elements are entered manually or via projecting or inheritance
The planned dates of processes (Activities) are automatically calculated by the
system.
This determination of the planned dates of networks is called scheduling.
Network scheduling: - All activities of the network are selected and their
dates are calculated.
Overall network scheduling: - Several networks are scheduled at the same
time, provided they are linked via relationships or subnetworks.
WBS scheduling: - one or more WBS elements or the entire project and
trigger the scheduling process. The system selects only those activities for
scheduling that are assigned to the selected WBS elements and calculates
their dates.
 Forward Scheduling: -
In forward scheduling system determines the activities within the network
with no predecessor
Beginning with a start date, the system calculates the earliest possible start
date for these activities
Start date may be taken from the Network header or from the WBS Element.
This depends on the Scheduling Settings
Then earliest End date is Calculated based on the duration of the activities
Each type of relationship
Forward scheduling results in the earliest dates of activities

Backward Scheduling: -
In backward scheduling, the system first determines those activities that - due
to their relationships - don't have any more successors among the selected
activities
Starting with End date, the system calculates the Latest possible End date for
the selected activities

Forward scheduling results in the Latest dates (Start and End) of activities

- The earliest start date and the latest end date of the network activities are forwarded to the
network header as the scheduled dates.
- For internally processed activities Duration will be taken form the NORMAL DURATION field
value or from the formula in the Work Center.
- Unit is relevant, but total duration is calculated in number of working days and Number of Working
Hours.
- 24 Hrs = 3 working days
- 3 DAY = 3 working days
- If a work center is maintained in the activity, the system uses only the working times of the
scheduling-relevant capacity of the work center for scheduling.
- The differentiation between working and non-working days originates from a factory calendar that
is determined according to the following priority:
o 1. Factory calendar in the activity
o 2. Factory calendar in the work center
o 3. Factory calendar of the plant in the activity
- For externally processed activities and service activities, the system by default uses the
planned delivery time as the scheduling-relevant duration without differentiating between working
and non-working days.

Reduction
- the system can automatically reduce the duration of activities if the scheduled dates are outside of
the basic or forecast dates of the network header. The system can therefore automatically adapt
the duration of activities to enable the network to be carried out in a given timeframe. This
automatic adaptation of activity durations is called reduction.
Reduction strategy
- The reduction of the activity durations is performed in several successive stages.
- In the definition of a reduction strategy, for each reduction level, you specify the percentage by
which the planned duration of an activity is to be reduced.
- The durations could be reduced by 10%. If this reduction is not sufficient, the originally planned
dyrations could be reduced by 15 % in a second stage.
- A maximum of six stages could be implemented

Specify in the Scheduling Parameters

Scheduling constraints

Scheduling scenarios
Validations and Substitution
Validation:
- Validations are to check values and value combinations that users enter in the Project System.
- Validation can be carried out at various points in time.
- In addition, you can define several interdependent checks and validations for future use, during the
data check.
- Just to check the data correctness entered by the user
- User is going to enter certain data. We need to cross check the data entered whether it is
right data
- Specially for critical field values which the user is going to enter is proper or not.
- Based on certain relationships we validate the user enter data.
- Validation can we written on any of the fields presne in the Project Builder.
o Like Project Definition
o WBSE
o Network
o Network Activity
o
- Example:
- For all Customer related project, the Responsible Person should be XYZ.

Actions

1. Enter a name for the validation.

2. The application area is proposed by the system.
3. Enter a call up point when the validation should be carried out.
4. Create a validation step or select an existing one.
5. Select the field that you want to use for the validation.
6. Enter a prerequisite and specify how the validation should be carried out.
7. For each validation step enter a prerequisite, a check and a validation message. The message is
issued when the prerequisite is met and when the value does not check.

Path:
Project System Structures Operative Structures Work Breakdown Structure
(WBS)

Execute
Click on Create Validation.
Enter the Name of the Validation and Descriptions
Enter
Create the Step

It has got three sections :

Prerequisit
Check
Message
Go to OPSA: Project Profile. To enter the Validations as default value.
This should be assigned here other wise user will need to enter the validation value for the validations.