Benign tumors: Transitional cell carcinoma

Renal papillary adenoma

Wilms tumor
Renal fibroma or hamartoma
Most common tumor in patients with
Angiomyolipoma
ages 2-5 yrs old
Oncocytoma
Good survival rate (90%)
Renal papillary adenoma
Malformation syndromes occur with
Small tumors measuring 0.5 chromosome 11p
mm in diameter
Types:
Tumors greater than 3.0 cm in
1. WAGR (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genital
diameter are considered early
anomalies, mental retardation)
cancers
a. involves deletion of
Renal fibroma or hamartoma
chromosome 11p band 13
Completely benign
2. Denys Drash syndrome
Less than 1.0 cm
Genetic abnormality is the
Found in the medulla dominant negative mutation in
the WT-1 gene
Angiomyolipoma
patients present with gonadal
Present in patients with dysgenesis, nephropathy and
tuberous sclerosis (25-50%) renal failure
Oncocytoma 3. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
May be large up to 12.0 cm involves deletion of
chromosome 11 band p15.5
EM findings reveal eosinophilic
(WT-2 gene)
epithelial cells packed within
the mitochondria characterized histologically by
blastema, immature stroma and
Almost never metastasizes
tubules
Malignant tumors: may be associated with
Wilms tumor anaplasia (5%)

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Renal Cell Carcinoma

Also known as Hypernephroma

 80 to 90% of malignant tumor of the 70% in the absence of
kidney metastasis

1 to 3% of all cancers Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Predominantly occurs on the 6 to 7 2% of all malignant tumors

decade of life
Predominantly found in patients
Presents as painless hematuria (90%) between the ages to 50 to 80

Renal Cell Carcinoma Chromosome 9 and 17p deletion are

implicated
Risk factors:
Most important evaluation tool for
Cigarette smoking prognostication is depth of invasion
Obesity

Hypertension
Transitional cell carcinoma
Unopposed estrogen therapy Otherwise known as urothelial tumors
Exposure to heavy metals 95% of all bladder tumors

Epidemiology:
Appears as yellowish spherical masses 80% of patients are between
(3-15 cm diameter) 50-80 yrs ol
von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome 50-
cigarette smoking
70% develop RCC
schistosoma haematobium
inherited as autosomal dominant trait infections

cyclophosphamide
Major classification types: industrial exposure to
Clear cell (70-80%) arylamines (2-napthylamine)

Papillary carcinoma (10-

15%)

Chromophobe renal
carcinoma (5%)

Prognosis

45% five year survival rate