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HISTORY:
It is difficult to trace the exact date of the origin of cricket. By the beginning of the 18 th century, the game
had involved in its present form. The rules of the game were framed in 1744 the Marylebone Cricket
(lords, London). In 1873, the official championships of the game began in England. The game got the
international status with the formation of
I. C. C:
The imperial Cricket Conference (I.C.C.) was founded in 1909. Now a day it is known as international
Cricket Council.
B. C. C. I.:
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (B.C.C.I) was founded in the year 1926 and it was given
recognition by the imperial Cricket Conference (I.C.C.)
Measurements in cricket:
1) Number of players in a cricket team: =11+5(Extra)=16.
2) Number of playing members in a team: 2010 =11.
3) Number of umpires & 3rd umpire in a match:2010 =2, 1.
4) Number of scorers: 2010 =2.
5) The distance between the two sets of wicket:2010 =22 yards or 20.12 M.
6) Breath of wickets: =9 Inches
7)Radius of Boundary: =68.58 M.(may vary from 70 to 85 Yards)
8)Radius of small circle (30 yard circle): =27.4 M. (30 Yards)
9)Time for changing every innings: = 10 minutes
10)Time for changing player: = 2 minutes
11) Types of matches: = ODI, Test, T20 Matches
*Long Slop
Long Leg*
*Third Man
Fine leg*
Second Slip
Third
Slip First Slip
Cover*
Extra Cover*
*Mid Wicket
*Main Umpire
*
* Mid Of *Mid on
*Deep Cover Deep Sweeper *
*Long Of
Long on*
*Straight Hit
Slip:
A close fielder behind the batsman, next to the wicket-keeper on the off-side". Commonly there will be
two or three slips in an attacking field and one or none in a defensive field.
Leg slip:
A fielding position equivalent to a slip, but on the leg side.
Fly slip
A position deeper than the conventional slips, between the slips and third man.
Gully:
A close fielder near the slip fielders, at an angle to a line between the two sets of stumps of about 100 to
140 degrees.
Point:
A fielding position square of the batsman's off side.
Long on:
A field position near the boundary on the leg side kept to sweep up straight drives.
Long off:
A field position near the boundary on the off side kept to sweep up straight drives.
Mid wicket:
A field position on leg side that is a mirror of deep extra cover on the off side.
Third man:
A position behind the wicket-keeper on the off-side, beyond the slip and gully areas
Cover:
A fielding position between point and mid-off.
2) Bowlers equipment: -
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Ball, spiked footwears etc.
Off Side:
That side of field which lies on the right hand side of a right handed batsman is called offside.
Stance:-2000, 13
The striker stands before his wicket, on or near the popping crease in a batting style is called as stance.
The batsman stands with his bat down in front of wicket, ready to hit the ball which will be bowled from
the other end of the pitch by bowler.
Footwork:
The necessary steps that a batsman has to take so as to at a comfortable distance from where the ball has
pitched, just right to hit the ball anywhere he desires, neglecting any spin or swing that a bowler attempts
to extract after bouncing.
Back foot:
In a batsman's stance the back foot is the foot that is closest to the stumps. A bowler's front foot is the last
foot to contact the ground before the ball is released; the other foot is the back foot. Unless the bowler is
bowling off the wrong foot the bowling foot is the back foot.
Sightscreen:-2002,07
Sightscreen is a large screen positioned beyond the boundary behind the bowler. It is white when a red
ball is used and black for a white ball.
The size of sightscreen: 2012 = 9.14m X 3.65 m.
Importance: It is used to provide contrast to the ball so that the batsman can see the ball clearly.
A night watchman:
A night watchman is a batsman who comes into bat out of order towards the end of days play in test
match, in order protect better batsman.
Opener: 2009
The batsman who comes to bat at the start of the innings for a team is called opener.
Top order:
The batsmen batting in the top 4 in the batting order. These are generally the most skilled batsmen in the
team, equipped with the technique and temperament to continue batting for long periods, often for hours
or a whole day.
Middle order:
The batsman who bat at between roughly number 5 to 8 in batting order can conclude some all rounders,
a wicket keeper or batsman and specialist bowler with some skill at batting.
Partnership:
The number of runs scored between a pair of batsmen before one of them gets dismissed. This also
includes the deliveries faced and time taken. There are ten partnerships per completed innings, labeled
from first wicket partnership to tenth wicket partnership, in order.
A rabbit:
A rabbit is a player who is very poor batsman. Mostly he comes at 9th or 10th position.
A ferret:
A ferret is a player who is extremely poor batsman. He mostly comes at 11th number position.
Pinch hitter:
A lower order batsman promoted up the batting order to increase the run rate.
Duck: 2012
If a batsman gets out without scoring any runs, he is said to be out for a duck.
Golden duck:
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If a batsman out for a duck (zero run) while facing the first delivery of his inning is out for a golden duck.
Diamond duck:
It is a dismissal usually run out without facing a delivery or the dismissal for zero off the first ball of a
teams innings.
Ruby duck:
A batsman gets out without facing a ball. E.g. run out without facing a ball or stumped off a wide on the
first ball faced.
Queens pair:
A batsman who gets out for zero runs off the second ball he faces in both innings of a test match is called
queens pair.
Bowl out:
Cricket version of the penalty shootout will be applied if the semifinal or final are tied. Each team will
nominate five bowlers who will take turn to hit the wicket at the other end. There will be no batsman
facing. The team which achieves the maximum strikes wins the match.
Super over:
When T20 match ends in tie and there must be a winner, a super over rule is applied. Each team
nominates a mini team of three batsmen & one bowler and they play a mini match of one over, whoever
wins this match of one over is declared the winner of match.
Referral:
A system which allows for batting or fielding captain to appeal an umpiring decision to the third umpire.
Umpire Decision Review System (UDRS, or simply Decision Review System or DRS)
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A system which allows the fielding captain or the batsmen to request the third umpire to review the
standing umpires' previous decision using technological aids, in the hope of having a dismissal awarded
(in the case of the fielding captain) or overturned (in the case of the batsman).
Hawk-Eye (Eagle-Eye):
A computer-generated graphic which tracks the trajectory of a delivery between the bowler and batsman,
and shows the probable trajectory of the ball if it were not hindered by the batsman. Used in an official
capacity by the third umpire to assess LBW decisions under the decision review system. Commentators
use Hawk-Eye as a visual aide to assess bowlers' deliveries, and to assess lbw decisions.
Hat-trick:-2004, 05, 99
A bowler achieves hat-trick if he dismisses three batsmen with three consecutive deliveries either in the
same over or at the end off one and the beginning of another over.
Double hat-trick:
Taking four wickets in four consecutive balls, so named because it consists of two overlapping hat-tricks.
Hat-trick ball:
A delivery bowled after taking two wickets with the previous two deliveries. The captain will usually set
a very attacking field for a hat-trick ball, to maximize the chances of the bowler taking a hat-trick.
Wicket maiden:
A maiden over in which the bowler also dismisses a batsman. A double wicket maiden if two wickets are
taken, and so on.
Overthrow: 2012, 13
If a fielder throws the ball whereas no other fielder is able to stop the throwing ball, thus batsman is able
to score runs or a boundary is scored; such runs are termed as over throw..
Grounder:
A ball that reaches the batsman after two or three bounces is called as grounder.
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Toss (Match start):- 1998, 2004, 09
It is a flipping of a coin. The captains shall toss for the choice of innings on the field of play not earlier
than 30 minutes nor later than 15 minutes, before the scheduled or rescheduled time for the match to start.
No changes in the team members can be made after the toss.
Wash out:
A cricket match or a specific day of a cricket match, which is abandoned with either no play or very little
play due to rain.
Target:
The score of team batting second has to score to beat their opponent. This is one run more than what the
team batting first managed.
Block hole:
The area between where the batsman rests his bat to receive a delivery and his toes. It is the target area
for a Yorker.
All rounder:
A player adapt at batting, bowling and fielding. Each team requires all rounders.
Batting average:
A batsmans batting average is defined as the total number of runs conceded by the batsman divided by
the number of times he been dismissed.
Bowling average:
A bowlers bowling average is defined as the total number of runs conceded by the bowler (including
wide and no balls) divided by number of wickets taken by the bowler.
Century: 2012
A batsman scoring a ton or on hundred runs.
Half century:
An individual score of over 50 runs, but not over 100 (century). Reasonably significant landmark for a
batsman and more so for the lower order and the tail-enders.
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Death overs (slog overs):
The final 10 overs in a one day match in which most bowlers are usually hit for lots of runs. Bowlers
who bowl during the death overs are to bowl at the death.
Fall of wicket:
The batting teams score at which batsman gets out.
Match fixing:
Bribing players of one of the teams to deliberately play poorly with the intention of cashing in on bets on
the result of the game.
All out:
When an innings is ended due to ten of the eleven batsmen of the batting side being either dismissed or
unable to bat because of illness or injury.
Asking rate:
The rate at which the team batting needs to score to catch the opponents score in a limited over game.
Economy rate:
The average number of run scored per over in the bowlers spell.
Extra (sundry) :
It is a run not attributed to any batsman. There are five types byes, leg byes, penalties, wides & no balls.
Fielding extras:
The byes, leg byes and penalties are called Fielding extras.
Bowling extras:
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The wide ball and no ball runs are called as Bowling extras.
Batting collapse:
A match situation in which many batsmen are dismissed in rapid succession for very few runs. The terms
top order collapse or middle order collapse may be refer to batting collapses in a specific part of the
batting order.
Break:
A suffix denoting the ball changing direction after pitching caused by the bowler's spin or cut. For
example, a leg spinner will deliver leg breaks (moving from leg to off).
Caught behind:
A catch taken by the wicket-keeper.
Charge:
When the batsman uses his feet and comes out of his batting crease towards the bowler, trying to hit the
ball. Also known as giving the bowler the charge, or stepping down the wicket.
Cow corner:
The area of the field (roughly) between deep mid-wicket and wide long-on. So called because few
'legitimate' shots are aimed to this part of the field, so fielders are rarely placed there leading to the
concept that cows could happily graze in that area.
Dismissal (Out):
To get one of the batsmen out so that he must cease batting.
Drop:
The accidental "dropping" of a ball that was initially caught by a fielder, thus denying the dismissal of the
batsman; when such an event occurs, the batsman is said to have been "dropped".
Dugout:
A sheltered place just outside the boundary ropes where players sit. Dugouts are a common feature of
T20 matches. However, for ODI's and Test matches pavilions are used.
Pavilion:
The grandstand or building complex where the player's dressing rooms and members of the association or
club owning the ground are seated. The dressing rooms are generally located in the members' area.
First-class cricket:
The senior form of the game; usually county, state or international. First-class matches consist of two
innings per side and are usually played over three or more days.
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One Day International (ODI):
A match between two national sides limited to 50 overs per innings, played over at most one day.
Groundsman ( curator):
A person responsible for maintaining the cricket field and preparing the pitch.[6]
Mis-field:
A fielder failing to collect the ball cleanly, often fumbling a pick-up or dropping a catch.
Nervous nineties:
The period of batsman's innings when his or her score is between 90 and 99. During this phase many
players bat extremely cautiously in order to avoid being out before they obtain a century.
No man's land:
An area of the pitch with no fielders near it. Normally used when a batsman mistimes a shot and is lucky
that the ball does not land in a position where it can be caught.
Not out:
A batsman who is in and has not yet been dismissed, particularly when play has ceased.
or the call of the umpire when turning down an appeal for a wicket.
Placement:
The ball when it is hit such that it bisects or trisects the fielders placed on the field. The ball usually ends
up being a four.
One down:
A batsman who bats at No. 3, a crucial position in the team's batting innings.
Over rate:
The number of overs bowled per hour.
Point of release:
The position of the bowler at the moment when the ball is released.
Quota:
The total number of overs (maximum 10) allotted to a bowler in an ODI, or any limited overs match.
Typically total overs in the innings divided by 5, rounded to next highest integer.
Reserve day:
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A vacant day in a touring schedule which can be used to replay or reconvene a match which is washed
out. Mostly seen in the latter stages of major limited-overs tournaments.
Run chase:
The act/task of the team batting second (in a limited-overs match) or batting fourth (in an unlimited overs
match), trying to win a match by batting and surpassing the runs accumulated by the opponent.
Selector:
A person who is delegated with the task of choosing players for a cricket team. Typically the term is used
in the context of player selection for national, provincial and other representative teams at the
professional levels of the game, where a "panel of selectors" acts under the authority of the relevant
national or provincial cricket administrative body.
Slower ball:
A medium-pace delivery bowled by a fast bowler. Designed to deceive the batsman into playing the ball
too early and skying it to a fielder.
Specialist:
A player selected in the team primarily for a single skill, i.e. not an all-rounder or a wicketkeeper-
batsman. Such players can be referred to as specialist batsmen, specialist bowlers, or specialist
wicketkeepers.
Strike bowler:
An attacking bowler whose role is to take wickets rather than to restrict scoring. Usually a fast bowler or
attacking spinner who bowls in short spells to attacking field settings.
Timing:
The art of striking the ball so that it hits the bat's sweet spot. A "well-timed" shot imparts great speed to
the ball but appears effortless.
Unplayable delivery:
A ball that is impossible for the batsman to deal with; used to imply that the batsman was out more
through the skill of the bowler than through his own error.
Wicket-keeper/batsman:
A wicket-keeper who is also a very good batsman, capable of opening the batting or at least making good
scores in the top order.
Glove:
A part of a batsman's kit worn to protect the hands from accidental injury. When a hand is in contact with
the bat it is considered part of the bat and so a player can be given out caught to a ball that came off the
glove hence "gloved a catch."
Run rate:
The average number of runs scored per over.
Spell:
The number of continuous overs a bowler bowls before being relieved.
Start:
A batsman is said to have a start when he successfully avoids being dismissed for very few runs.
Session:
A period of play, from start to lunch, lunch to tea and tea until stumps.
PARTS OF CRICKET:
There are three parts (aspects) of cricket
1.Batting 2.Bowling 3.Fielding
I) BATTING:
The act and skill of defending ones wicket and scoring runs is called as batting.
Batsmans strokes: 2013
a)The strokes played on off side of field:-2000,03
off drive, cover drive, square cut, reverse sweep, late cut etc.
Batting technique:
Drive:
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An offensive shot played with the bat sweeping down through the vertical. The ball ravels swiftly along
the ground in front of the striker. A drive can be on drive, off drive, straight drive, cover drive depending
in which direction it goes.
On drive:
It is played of the front foot with swing of the bat and hitting the ball in the direction of mid on
Off drive:
It is an offensive stroke played of the front foot with swing of the bat, sending the ball in the direction of
mid off.
Straight drive:
It is drive played to a good length ball by which the ball is sent over the bowlers head or down the pitch
into the area directly behind bowlers wicket
Cover drive:
The cover drive is played of the front food with swing of the bat, sending the ball between extra and
cover or cover point.
Lofted shot:
It is a shot hit high in the air, especially when playing a front shot like straight drive.
Cut:
A shot played with the bat close to horizontal, which hits the ball somewhere in the area between cover &
gully.
Late cut:
It is a cut shot mode by striking an off side ball at the last possible moment after it has passed the
batsman, sending the ball to the area behind gully region.
Square cut:2009
A cut is cross batted shot played at a ball wide on the offside slapping the ball as it passes the batsman so
that it is hit the region backward of square on the side. A square cut is a shot hit into the offside at hear to
go degrees from the wicket.
Upper Cut:
A typical shot played against a short ball or bouncer. Here the batsmen makes a cut above his head and
the ball usually goes to the third-man area.
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Slash:
A cut, but played aggressively or possibly recklessly a cut being a shot played square on the off side to
a short-pitched delivery wide of off stump. So called because the batsman makes a "cutting" motion as he
plays the shot.
Sweep:2012
Sweep is a shot in which the batsman advances front foot, bends hid back leg even going down on the
knees with a more or less horizontal bat down on the top of the ball, in order to play it away to fine leg.
Paddle sweep:
A paddle sweep is a cross batted shot played on the knees, usually at a slow ball on or wide of leg stump,
involves bringing the bat down on the top of the ball, in order to play it away to fine leg.
Reverse sweep:
A reverse sweep is just a sweep shot on the offside, into point area, by just changing the direction of bat.
For this shot the right handed batsman holds the bat like a left hander batsman and vice versa, after the
ball is delivered.
Hook shot:-2003,09, 13
A hook is an aggressive, cross batted shot played at a bouncer aimed at or near the batsmans head. The
batsman must step inside the line of the ball and swing his bat around his head, hooking the ball around
behind square leg, usually in air and sometime for six runs, It is a dangerous shot to attempt, but can be
very protective.
Marillier shot:
A shot played with the bat help parallel to the pitch in front of the batsman, with the toe of the bat
pointing towards the bowler. The batsman attempts to flick the ball over the wicketkeepers head. The
most famous exponent of the shot is former Zimbabwean player Douglas Marillier.
Flick:
A gentle movement of the wrist to move the bat often associates with shots on the leg side.
Forward stroke:
It is an attacking as well as defending shot played of the front but primarily. However runs may scored.
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Slog:
A powerful shot, usually hit to the leg side in the air in an attempt to score a six often without too much
concern for proper technique.
Hit: 2009
All action of batsman which direct the ball towards the boundary with the height and length. During a hit
the ball must be hit clearly.
Hoik:
A wild swing intended only to hit the ball as hard and as for as possible usually with little or no control.
Agricultural shot:
Any shot played with very little skill. This is a swing across the line of the ball played without must
technique.
Helicopter shot:
A stroke played by swinging the bat in an "uppercut" fashion so that it catches the ball partly from below;
in the follow-through the bat flails up and round vertically, through an angle that may exceed 180
degrees. The shot was so named after Indian batsman Mahendra Singh Dhoni, who frequently uses the
shot. The helicopter shot is very risky, but can be unusually effective at scoring boundaries against
Yorkers.
Dilscoop
A stroke where a batsman goes on one knee and hits a good length or slightly short of length ball straight
over the wicket keeper's head usually to the boundary or over it. Displayed at the world stage by Sri
Lankan batsman Tillakaratne Dilshan during the ICC World Twenty20 in June 2009 and named after him.
Edge:
A slight deviation of the ball the edge of the bat. Top, bottom, inside and outside edge denote the four
edges of the bat
Leading edge:
The ball hitting the front edge front of the bat as opposed to its face, when playing a cross bat shot such
as a pull. Often results in easy catch for the bowler or a skier for someone else.
Paddle scoop:
A shout where the batsman scoops the ball over his/her shoulder in order to find a boundary either behind
the wicketkeeper or in the fine leg region.
Textbook Shot:
A shot played by the batsmen with perfect technique, also known as a cricket shot.
Cow shot:
A hard shot, usually in the air, across the line of a full-pitched ball, aiming to hit the ball over the
boundary at cow corner, with very little regard to proper technique. A type of slog.[1]
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Cross-bat shot:
A shot played with the bat parallel with the ground, such as a cut or a pull. Also known as a horizontal-
bat shot.
Bowling technique:
Bowling:
The act of delivering the cricket ball to the batsman. When a ball is bowled the elbow joint is held
extended through. All the energy is imparted by rotation of the arm about the shoulder and possible a
little wrist motion. The act of bowling the balled is called delivery.
Chucking (throwing):
A bowler is said to be chucking it there is full or partial straightening of arm during the delivery of the
ball, just before the ball leaves the hand. It is in imparting extra speed or spin to the ball.
Underarm bowling:
Underarm bowling means that a ball delivered with hand below the level of the elbow. Today a bowler
bowling underarm is any competition (except blind cricket) is a no ball.
Faul Delivery:-2009
A ball is called foul delivery, if once the bowlers has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery
swing, the elbow joint is not straight from that point until the ball has left the hand.
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A long hop ball:
A ball of a very short length which can be easily hit off to get a boundary of a six.
Flighted ball:-
A ball delivered at higher trajectory is called as flighted ball.
Bump ball:-1997,2000,05
It is a ball hit hard into the ground & caught by a close fielder it bounces again, so that when fielded
looks like a catch.
Variations of bowling:-
Pace bowling ( fast bowling):
A style of bowling in which the ball is delivered at high speeds, typically over 90 mph (145 km/h). Pace
bowlers also use swing.
a ) fast bowling:- in this case, the bowler bowls the ball as fast as practicable, attempting to defeat the
batsman with its pace.
b) swing bowling:- In this type the bowler holds the seam of the ball at certain angle and attempt to
release the ball so that it spins with the seam at a constant angle. It is called in swing if the ball swings
inwards and out swing if the ball goes the other way.
c) seam bowling:- In this case a bowler attempts to keep the seam vertical, so that the ball hits the seam
when it bounces on the pitch & deflects in its path either to right or left.
Bowling techniques:
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Full toss:-2002,06, 13
When the bowler balls directly to the batsman is called as full toss.
Yorker:-2002,07
A usually fast delivery that is pitched very close to the batsman. The intent is for it to bounce exactly
underneath his hat or his toes, in the block hole. A perfectly pitched fast Yorker is almost impossible to
keep out.
Bouncer:
A ball pitched short so that it bounces high, usually chest or higher as it passes the batsman.
Beamer:-2008
A ball which comes to the batsman without any bouncer on the pitch. It is an uncommon & illegal deliver
that reaches a height of batsman heads.
Dipper:-
It is a swinging ball which is deliberately bowled as a Yorker or a full toss.
Perfume ball:
A bouncer on or just outside off-stump that passes within inches of the batsman's face. So called because
the ball is supposedly close enough to the batsman's face that he can smell it.
Carom ball:-
A style of bowling used in cricket named because the ball is released by flicking the ball between the
thumb and a bent middle finger in order to impart spin.
Cutter:-
A fast paced delivery that turns after hitting the ground is called cutter. These are of two types off cutter
and leg cutter.
Off cutter:-
A fast bowler can also pull his finger down on one side of the ball as he lets it go imparting a small
amount of sideways spin to the ball. This can cause the ball to move sideways of the pitch. Such a
delivery is called off cutter it the ball moves from off to the side of a right handed batsman.
Leg cutter:-
A fast bowler can also pull his fingers down one side of the as he let it go imparting a small amount of
sideways spin to the ball. This can cause the ball to move sideways off the pitch. Such a delivery is called
as leg. Cutter if the ball moves from the leg side to the off side of a right handed batsman.
Leg break:-
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A ball which is pitched on the leg side & comes back to the stump since it spins in the anticlockwise
direction such a delivery is called in the anticlockwise from leg side to the off side.
Chinaman:-2008, 13
When the bowler throws a spin ball by keeping his head down not facing to batsman and arm goes over
the head is called china man bowling (Brad Hogg).
Arm ball:-
An off spin bowler will sometimes not spin the ball so much, putting more pace on the delivery such a
delivery is called as arm ball.
Flipper:-
It is the trickiest way of throwing spin ball. The forward flip of wrist begins little earlier. The flip of the
third finger is directly down the line of the flight but released from under the hand, thereby gaining back
spin such a delivery in called flipper.
Doosara:-2008
Dooosara is a spin bowl (Googly) which comes to batsman from outside to inside.
Teesra:-
It is a leg break bowled by a right hander with an off break action.
Orthodox spin:-
A left handed analogue of the off spin delivery (which spins opposite way) is called orthodox spin & such
a bowler is called as orthodox spinner.
Unorthodox spin:-
A left handed analogue of the spin delivery (which spins opposite way) is called an unorthodox spin &
such a spinner is called as unorthodox spinner.
3) Fielding:-
Fielder:-
A player on the fielding side who is neither the bowler nor the wicketkeeper in particular, one who just
field the ball.
The fielding consists of three basic activities.
1Catching ,2 chasing,3 throwing the ball.
.
Types of fielding:- The fielding is basically of two types:-
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1 Defensive fielding 2 attacking fielding
1) Defensive fielding:-
The main purpose of this fielding is to check the opponent from scoring runs & not much to take his
wicket. This style is adopted when the pitch is helping the batsman & the bowlers fail to find favorable
bounce or turn from it.
2) Attacking fielding:-
As the name suggest here the fielders attach the batsman by standing quite close to him to pulverize him
psychologically. This style is usually adopted when a fresh batsman starts his innings. Five to six close in
fielders stand very close to the batsman to psychologically disturb him to commit some mistake.
Fielding restrictions:-
There are fielding restrictions in all kind of cricket. Only to fielders are allowed behind the batsman on
leg side. This rule is the elegancy of the bodyline series in 1932-33 between England & Australia.
LAWS OF CRICKET
1) Substitute:- 2013
It is a player who takes place of another player who may have become unable to play in the course of
match due to illness or injury.
2) Runner:- 2007, 13
A runner shall be allowed for a batsman who during the match is incapacities by illness or injury. The
player acting as a runner for a batsman shall a member of the batting side and shall have already batting
in that innings. He shall wear external protective equipments equivalent to that worn by the batsman, for
whom he runs and shall carry a bat.
Runners equipments:2001
The player acting as a runner of an injured batsman shall wear the same equipments which an injured
batsman is so equipped.
The equipments are: the bat, batting pads, batting gloves, helmet, arm guard, abdomen guard, spiked foot
wear chest guard etc.
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Duties of Umpires before the game commences:-1997,2001,08.
Before the commencement of the match, the umpires Duties are:
1)To check whether the pitch & ball used are up to standard.
2)To observe the toss made between the captains of the two teams and the decisions for batting or
bowling first.
3)To check the bails & stumps are in their correct positions.
4)The umpires shall be agree with both the captains on any special conditions affecting the conduct of the
match.
5) The marking on the pitch are correct.
6) The boundaries are properly marked.
7)The umpires has to report on the ground at least 45 minutes before the scheduled start of the match.
Position of umpire:-1997
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The umpire shall stand where they can see any act upon which their decision may be required.
1.Main umpire:-he will stand behind the wicket at the non strikers end means the bowlers end.
2.Leg umpire:- he will stand on of the field inside 30 yard circle in the line of stump. He may elect to
stand on the offside instead of the pitch, provided that he inform the captain of the fielding side, striker
and the other umpire of his intention to do so.
Third umpire:-
The third umpire is T.V. umpire. He is off the field & makes the final decision on question referred to him
by on field umpire. When the umpire are unable to decide on a close decision e.g. run out, catch,
boundary, stumping etc. He may refer it to the third umpire who sees the television replays & gives his
decision.
Fourth umpire:- The match referee is appointed to oversee professional cricket matches by the
international cricket Council. The match referee remain off the field and is responsible for seeing that the
ICC cricket code is observed & followed during the game, to asses any violation and hand out penalties.
After the match he submits his report to the ICC.
Umpire signals:-
1) Bye:-2010
Raises right hand up with open palm.
2) Leg bye:-
By touching raised knee with the hand
3) No ball:-
By extending one arm horizontally.
4) Wide ball:-2009
By extending both arms horizontally.
5) Dead ball:-2001, 13
By crossing & re crossing the wrists below the waist.
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6) Boundary for four:-
By waving an arm form side to side with arm cross the chest.
8) Short run:-2001
By bending the arm upward & by touching the nearer shoulder with the tips of the finger. OR umpire
touches right shoulder with hand.
9) Out:-2001, 13
By raising the index finger above the head.
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Referees decision:
1)The ball is played and hits the opposite wicket. 1997, 2000
Neither batsman is out unless the ball is touched by a fielder before it hits the wicket and the non striker
is out of his ground.
4)If the fielding side leaves the field at any time without the permission of the umpire. 1997
In the opinion of the umpire refuses to play the umpire shall award the match to the batting side
5)If a player is discovered lifting the seam of the ball. 1998, 2003
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If a player is found tampering with the seam of the ball. Five penalty runs are awarded to the batting side
and the ball is replaced. The guilty player is penalized after the game. If a bowler has tampered the seam,
he may be banned from bowling in that innings.
7)The batsman is stumped by the wicket keeper on a ball declared as wide by the umpire: 2000
The striker batsman is declared out by the stumped and one extra run is added to the total.
9)When a batsman takes runs intentionally by playing with legs without offering a shot. 2002
The umpire will call and signal dead ball. No runs will be added.
10)When a batsmans hat falls on the wicket dislodging bails while playing shot. 2002
The batsman will become out by hit wicket.
13)The ball touches the gloves of the batsmans hand holding the bat and a catch is taken.2007
The hand or the glove is counted as part of bat and umpire declares the batsman out if the ball touches the
batsmans hand holding the bat and a catch is taken.
14)The ball touches the arm of the batsman holding the bat a catch is taken.2007
The umpire declares the batsman not out.
Scorers: 2010
Scorers are the officials who are appointed to keep the records of all runs scored, extras and wicket taken
by the bowler. They accept and acknowledge instructions and signals given to them by the umpire. There
are two scorers in a match
Match referee
An official whose role is to ensure that the spirit of the game is upheld. He has the power to fine players
and/or teams for unethical play.
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Law 4:-The Ball
The round object which the batsman attempts to strike with the bat. Also a delivery.
The ball used in the game of cricket is hard & covered with leather. The leather covering is thicker &
joined in two hemispheres. The seam is like equator & the stitching is raised slightly. Now a days white
ball are also used.
Dimensions of bat:-2005,08, 12
The length of the bat=38 inches (96.5cms)
The width of the bat=4 inches (10.8cms).
The weight of the ordinary bat-2 pounds.
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The area of ground between the bowling creases is known as the pitch. It is 1.52m (5Feet) in width on
either side of the imaginary line joining the centre of the middle stumps and 22 Yards in length.
The umpire shall be the final judges of the fitness of the pitch for play. Before the match the ground
authority shall be responsible for the selection & preparation of the pitch.
LAW7:-THE WICKETS
Two sets of wickets shall be pitched opposite & parallel to
each other at a distance of 22 Yards (20.12m).
Bail: One of the two small pieces of wood that lie on top of the
stumps to form the wicket.
When the stumps are broken how the batsman become run
out:-1999
If he bails fall of the stumps or the stumps are broken any reason
with the ball still in play & later incident such as run out attempt
require the wicket to be broken, then other bail can be removed (if
it has not fallen off) OR A stump can be stuck out of the ground
OR A stump can be pulled up with hand holding ball.
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3) Removal of covers: If after the toss pitch is covered overnight, the covers shall be removed in the
morning at the earliest possible moment on each day that play is expected to take place. If covers are used
during the day as protection from inclement weather, or if inclement weather, delays the removal of
overnight overs, they shall be removed promptly as soon as conditions allow.
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1)Intervals for drinks: Drink intervals are agreed at the start of each day, but are not taken during the
last hour of the match. The drinks interval may not last for more than five minutes.
2)Intervals for meals: In one day game the teams may agree to take an interval for meals (lunch and tea)
between the innings rather than have a separate interval. Tea break may not be more than 15 minutes in
the teat match and lunch break of one hour in test matches.
3)Interval between innings: When one team one team is fully out, the second teams come to the ground
within 30 minutes, it is the half time.
4)The period between close of play on one day and start of the next days play: In a test match when
they finish their limited overs (90) or time then the play is stopped and the play again start on next day.
5)Injury time: When any player gets injured it is not fixed and can be at any time.
6)New batsman in: The time given to new batsman to come on the popping crease is 2 minutes in one ay
and test match.
Law 18.Score:
I) A run 2001,10
The score shall be reckoned by runs.
A run is scored in match as follows:
1)A run is scored, at any time while the ball is in play, the batsman have crossed and made good their
grounds the batsman have crossed and made good their grounds from end to end.
2)When a boundary is scored.
3)When penalty runs awarded.
4)When extra runs are awarded e.g.no ball, wide ball etc.
5)When lost ball is called.
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II) Short run (1997):
A run is short if a batsman fails to make good his ground on turning for a further run, that is not reckoned
as run. This is called short run.
If both batsman run short in one and the same run, this shall be regarded as only one short run. If the
batsman deliberately runs short run then the umpire warn the batsman. If there is any further instance of
deliberate short running by any batsman in that inning, when the ball becomes dead, the umpire award 5
penalty runs to the fielding side and he inform the scorers about penalty runs.
The conditions when runs are added to the Teams Total and not to the batsmans total runs: 2012
A wide ball, A no ball, A Leg Bye, Penalty runs.
(VI)Statement of result:
i) If the side batting last wins the match without losing all its wickets, the result shall be stated as a win
by the number of wickets still then to fall.
ii) If the side fielding last wins the match, the result shall be stated as a win by runs.
iii) If the match decided by one side conceding defeat or refusing to play, it result shall be stated as Match
Conceded or Match Awarded as the case may be.
iv) If the side batting last has lost all its wickets but, as the result of an award of 5 penalty runs at the end
of the match, has scored a total of runs in excess of the total scored by the opposing side, the result shall
be stated as a win to that side by penalty runs.
v) In case of follow on the side batting becomes all out in second innings before they reach the lead, the
result shall be recorded as a win by inning and runs.
In the following instances the umpire will call and signal a no ball: 1997, 2003, 05, 07
1) If the bowlers front foot land outside the popping crease while throwing (bowling) the delivery.
2) If the ball bounces more than two or rolls along the ground before it reaches the popping crease.
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3) The bowler throws the ball.
4) The bowler changes the bowling from over the wicket to around the wicket or vice-versa without
informing umpire.
5)The umpire shall indicate to the striker, whether the bowler intends to ball over or around the wicket,
right or left hand, failure on this.
6) Deliberate bowling of high full pitched ball.
7) Limitations of on onside fielders.
8) If the ball comes to rest in front of the strikers wicket, without having touched the bat or striker.
9) Position of wicket keeper, if he stops the ball before stumps.
10) If the bowlers foot touches the return crease while bowling the ball.
The ball does not become dead on the call of no ball. The striker may hit a no ball and whatever runs
result shall be added to his score and if no runs be made one run shall be so scored. No ball shall not be
counted as one of the over.
39.Stumped 2006,09
A striker is out slumped if in receiving the ball, not being a no ball delivered by the bowler, he be out of
his ground otherwise than in attempting run (run out), bouncing from the wicket keeper, or ball
rebouncing from the wicket keepers person (except helmet) without the intervention of another fielder.
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The wicket keeper shall remain behind the wicket at the striker end from the moment the ball comes into
play until a ball is delivered by the bowler either it touches the bat or person of the strikers end or the
striker attempt a run.
If the wicket keeper leaves his place, the umpire at the striker end shall call and signal no ball as soon as
possible after the delivery of the ball.
Restrictions on the action of wicket keeper: If in the opinion of either umpire, the wicket keeper interferes
with the strikers right to play the ball and to guard his wicket, the umpire shall call and signal dead ball.
9)Time wasting by the fielding side: It is unfair for any member of the fielding side to waste time.If the
captain of the fielding side wastes time, or allows any member of his side to waste time at the first
instance the umpire shall call and signal dead ball.
10) Batsman damaging the pitch:
If either batsman causes avoidable damage to the pitch, at the first instance the umpire shall, when the
ball is dead, caution the batsman, this caution shall continue to apply throughout the innings.
11)Fielder damaging the pitch. If any fielder causes avoidable damage to the pitch, on the first instance
the umpire of the fielding side, indicating that this a first and final warning. This caution shall continue to
apply throughout the innings. Inform the other umpire and the batsman of what has happened. If there is
any further avoidable damage to the pitch by any fielder in that innings, the umpire shall, when the ball
dead award 5 penalty runs to the batting side.
12) Bowler attempting to run out non-striker before delivery: The bowler is permitted, before
entering his delivery stride, to attempt to run out the non striker, the ball shall not count in the cover.
The umpire shall call and signal dead ball as soon as possible if the bowler fails in the attempt to run out
the non-striker.
13) Batsman stealing a run:
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It is unfair for the batsman to attempt to steal a run during the bowlers run up. Unless the bowler
attempts to run out either batsman before delivery, the umpire shall Call and signal Dead ball.
Bowling Crease
4f Danger
1.22m
Area
1.22 2f
M
popping Crease
30 yard circle (2002, 2007): A painted circle or ellipse centered in the middle of the pitch, of radius 30
yard (27m) marked on the field, separating the infield from the out field.It is used policing the fielding
regulations for certain one day versions of the game.
The circumstances under which game can be suspended: 2007
1)Due to rain.
2)Due to interference from outside people.
3)Due to interference of players.
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1987 Reliance Cup AUS vs.ENG Culcutta(India) AUS won by 7 runs S.Waugh
1992 Benson & PAKvs.ENG Melbourne(Aus) PAK won by 22 runs I.Huk
Hedges cup
1996 Wills Cup Srilanka vs. Lahore(PAK) Srilanka wonby 7 wickets A.Dsilva
Aus
1999 ICC world AUS vs.PAK Lords(Eng.) AUS won by 8 wickets S.Warne
2003 ICC World AUS vs.IND Johannesberg(S.Afri AUS won by 125 runs R.Ponting
ca)
2007 ICC World AUS vs.SRI Kenington(W.Ind) AUS won by 53 runs D/L A.Gilchrist
method
2011 ICC CUP IND vs SRI Mumbai(India) India won by 6 wickets M. S. DHONI
QUESTION PAPERS
2005
Q6.A)Explain the following terms in cricket
I)Lofted shotII)Ball tampering III) hat-trick IV)Reverse sweep V)googly [10]
B)Give any six instances when the umpire can call & signal a no ball [6]
C)Explain the importance of return crease in the cricket [ 6]
D)State the width & length of an official cricket bat. [3]
Q7 A)Draw a well labeled diagram of field of play showing any nine fielding positions. [10]
B)Explain the following terms I) Bump ball II) Half III) Played on [6]
C)State the differences between I) Draw & tie II) lost ball & dot ball. [ 6]
D)Explain briefly the term protective equipments in cricket [ 3]
2006
Q6.A)Explain the following terms in cricket [ 10]
I)Full toss II) Boundary for six III) substitute IV)Timed out V) Danger area
B)State any six types of strokes played by the batsman behind his popping crease on both sides of wicket.
[ 6]
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C)I) What is the standard height of the stumps with the bails when pitched? [ 6]
II) When is a batsman declared run out?
D)State any three duties of main umpire. [ 3]
Q7 A)In a game of cricket, explain the various interception that are classified as intervals? [10]
B)enumerate any six duties of a leg umpire. [6]
C)Give any six instances when an umpire can declare a batsman out. [6]
D)State any three variations of place bowing? [3]
2007
Q6 A)Explain the following terms in cricket [10]
I)Sight screen II) Runner III) Twelth man IV)Hows that V)Yorker
B)Explain any three instances when the bowler does not get credit for the wicket being taken (6)
CWhat decision will the umpire give in the following cases? (6)
I)The ball touches the gloves of the batsmans hand holding the bat & a catch is taken
II)The ball touches the arm of the batsman holding the ball and a catch is taken,
III)The ball becomes unfit for play during the game
D)What is ball the purpose of the 30 yard circle in the game? (3)
Q7A)Draw a labeled diagram of the wicket with stumps and mention all its measurements. (10)
B)Explain any three instances when the ball can be declared a no ball (6)
C)What decisions are given by the umpire? (6)
D) Mention three exceptional circumstances under which the game can be suspended. (3)
2008
Q6. A)Make the following fielding positions on the field of play.
I)Third man II) point III) cover IV) mid-off V)midwicket
VI) Forward short leg VII)Wicket keeper VIII) long on (8)
BI)Name any four strokes played by the batsman on the onside in the region between the wicket keeper
& the leg umpire. (4)
II)State any three duties of the umpire before the commencement of the match. (3)
C)I)What is the weight of the ball. II)What is the width of a set of wicket? (2)
D)Explain the following terms (8)
I) Doosra II)Free hit III) Beamer IV)Sledging
Q7. A)Give any five instances when he ball becomes dead. (5)
B)Explain the following terms
I) body line bowling II) Handled the ball III)Chainman)Bowed)Topspin (10)
C)State the ways in which a batsman can be declared out on a no ball. (4)
D I) State the restrictions on the role of a substitute. (4)
II) What are the dimensions of the bat with reference to its length & width? (2)
2009
Q6. A) Name any two (8)
i)Batting equipments II) Intervals elated to cricket iii)Match official IV) Creases
B)I) Under what circumstances a ball is said to be lost? How many runs are added to the score of the
striker? (9)
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II) When is a striker out hit wicket?
III)Write a short note on the boundaries in cricket
CI) What are the provisions for an appeal to be valid? (8)
II) When can an umpire declare a bye or leg bye
2010
Q6. A)Write down the ( 8)
I)Number of playing member in a cricket team
II)Number of umpires and third umpire
III)Distance between the two sets of wickets
B)I) what is a difference between a googly & a topspin (9)
II)When is a striker considered to be out stumped?
III)List three different types of strokes played by the batsman in front of the wicket.
C) I)What is a dead ball? (8)
II)When is striker considered to be LBW.
2011
Q.6(a) I Explain the following terms:
(1) Sight Screen
(2) Hows That?
Ii What do you understand by the term Timed out?
Iii State the number of overs after which a new ball can be taken. (8)
(b) i) What is meant by obstructing the field?
ii) Who is the twelfth man in the game of Cricket?
ii) What do you understand by a half volley ? (9)
(c) i)Give any two conditions when a pitch may be changed ?
ii) List four different types of strokes played by a batsman.
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iii) What do you mean by the term Appeal ? (8)
2012
Q6. a) State the following: [8]
i) Weight and circumference of the ball
ii) Length and the widest part of the Cricket bat.
iii) Height and the Breadth of stumps.
iv) Size of bails and sight screen.
b) i) Describe any six occasions when a batman may be declared out? [9]
ii) State any three duties of Umpires?
c) What is meant by the following terms? [8]
i) A duck ii) A century iii) A maiden over iv) A bye
Q7a) i) State any four conditions when runs are added to the teams total and not to the batsmans total
runs. [8]
ii) Explain a declaration in a Cricket match.
iii) What does a quick single mean?
b) Briefly explain the following: [9]
i) An over-throw ii) A power-play iii) A follow-on in a five-day match
c) I) Differentiate between a glance and a sweep shot. [8]
ii) State any four duties of a Captain.
2013
Question 6
a) Briefly explain the following terms : [8]
1)Handling the ball. 2) A double hit. 3)A time-out. 4) Clean Bowled
b)i)What do you mean by ball tampering ?
ii)What is the difference between a hook shot and a pull shot ?
iii)Draw a neat diagram of a Cricket Pitch and mark the following :
The bowling crease, The popping crease, The return crease. (9)
c)Define the following terms :
1) The danger area 2) A stance 3) A china man 4) A runner (8)
Question 7
a) Briefly explain the following terms :
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1) A googly. 2) A full toss 3) An over 4) Obstructing the field (8)
bi) Name six fielding positions on the off side of the field.
ii) Name six strokes played by a batsman.
iii) What do you understand by the term Substitute ? (9)
c)i) What is the difference between a bye and an over throw ?
ii) What signals will the umpire give in the following cases ?
1) A dead ball 2) A free hit 3) To be declared out 4)To contact the third umpire. (8)
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