SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS

OF THE
AKALl MOVEMENT

Ediltd I~i lh an i"troduclton

by
GANDA SINGH

AMRITSAR
SHIROMANI GURDWARA PARBANDHAK COMMITTEE
SIKH ITIHAS RESEARCH BOARD
1965
Some Confidential Papers
of the
Akali Movement
SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS
OF THE
AKAU MOVEMENT

Edited lVith atl Itlt"odu ctiotl

by

GANDA SINGH

AMRITSAR
SHIROMANI.GURDW.ARA PARBANDHAK COMMITTEE
SIKH HlHAS RESEARCH BOARD
1965
 "C" - -GANDA SINGH 1965

Firs( Edition 1965

P..,b/ished by M~hinder Singh Gtani (or the Shiromon l Gurd,":ora Porbandhok

Co mm lttu, Amr itsar. and printed by Trja Sinfh S~thj ot
the Tej Printinr Preu . AmliUor .
 ./NTRODUCTION

I
I am writing this Introduction to Some Confidential Papers
of the Akali Move ment exactly 33 years from the day when the
late Bawa Budh Singh, I. S. E., Superintending Engineer, Lahore,
first Informed me on June 17, 1931. of the existence of the
Confidential file of the Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandha k Committee,
Amritsar, The file was said to contain letters of Mahatma Gandhi,
the depos ed Ma ha raja Rlpudaman Singh (later renamed as Gurcharan
Singh ) of Nabha and of other top-r ank ing political leaders of the
country regarding the Akall movement and the Nabha agitation,
For fear of a sudden raid on its office by the Punjab police,
the file had for some time been entrusted to the custody of
Sawa Budh Singh at Montgomery when he was posted t he re. He
personally took it to Amritsar or Lahore and whenever it was
required for consultation by the lead ers of the Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee, When the fear of pollee raids disappeared,
the file was restored to the office of the Committee,
I felt inquisitive about the contents of the file. But I was
then unknown to the Akall circles Only about six months
earlier I had returned to India after over ten years abroad and
was reacqua inting myself With Lahore where I Intended settling
down. Subsequently when I went over to the Khalsa CollEge at
Amrltsar, I learnt from Giani Nahar Singh of Gujjarwal, then
editor of the Qaumi Dard , Amrltsar, that he had with him
copies of most of the letters on Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee file taken by him in the second week of 1926,
through the courtesy of Sardar Mahendar Singh of Sldhwan,
then Gen'eral Secretary of the Committee. Gian i Nahar
Singh very kindly placed the material at my dlsposalr of
publication, I. got a typescri!'t mad e but had to wa it a number
of years before I could approach the Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee for Its publication. The project was
sanctioned by the Committee in Its meeting of December 30.
1954. but with t he changes In Its controlling personnel , Its
implementation Came to b. deferred for an Indefinite period.
Master Sujan Singh , the present Honorary Secretary of the
Committee, deserves our thanks for his sympathetic response to
my request In the resurrection or th~ ten-year old resolution
and ordering the publication of this volume. But for his keen
and sincere Interest. it would not have seen the light of the day
perhaps for. long time to come.
The copies of the confidential p.pers received from Giani
Nahar Singh had been hurr iedly made and were not complete.
They have been checked and compared with the original letters In
the Confidential file lent to me by the Shlromanl Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee. A large number of additional connecting
papers have been taken from the Blrdwood Committee (1924) and
other files belonging to Dr. Bhal Jodh Singh, who was a leading
figure In the Gurdwara Reform movement in the early stages
and Withdrew from active association with It only when It drifted
Into politics. He was an active participant In General Blrdwood's
mission of bringing about a compromise between the Sikhs and
the Government through a bill transferring the control of the
Sikh historical shrines to an elected representative body o( the
commun ity. The Birdwood negotiations, however. could not
succeed owing to the Intransigence of some of the Akall leaders.
and the community lost the opportunity of a very (avourable
settlement o( the problem. Bhal Jodh Singh. however, continued
his efforts and succeeded In the end. Gurdwar. Act was passed
in 1925 when the Akall struggle (or the reform of Gurdwara
management Came to an end . The papers received from Bh.i
Jodh Singh relate to this phase of the Akali movement.
Most of the K.purthala, Nabha and Patlal. corr.spondence
Included in the volume was received (rom the late S'ardar DaUp
Singh Doabl. (of Pur Hiran, Hoshlarpur) who Was the senior
Office Superintendent of 'he Shiromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak
Commlt,ee during the earlier part of the movement . He was.
very reso urceful man and had connections with Influential people in
th e Sikh States.
Some of the statements regarding the jal,o morcha had bee n
coliected by Giani Nah" Singh for a histo ry of 'he struggle for
Indian Inpepen dence in the Pun jab . He was one of the close
assocla'es of Bhai Randh lr Singh of Narangwal and was in Jail
for a number of years for his part in the 1914-15 Ghadr activit ies
In the Ludh iana and Ferozepur districts. I am th ankful to him for
the help I have received from him In the preparation of this
volume.
Except In a few special cases, the documents Included In this
volume have all been arranged chronologically. The undated letters
of the Akali leaders from Inside the Lahore fort , where 'hey
were detained dur ing their trial in 1923-25, have, however, been
placed In the same order-not always correct-In which they were
found in the Confidential file. They have to be used with care,
referring, In doubtful cases, to the table of contents and the Index
which would be hel pful In determining the sequence of the letters
and events.
It Is very much to be regrelled that a large number of
mistakes-some of them Inexcusable- have crept In at the printing
stage. The writer of these lines had no hand in the read ing of
the proofs. However, he offers an apology on behalf of the
publishers and craves the Indulgence of the reader. The er Tata
woul') be helpful In correcting some of the errors.
For a more detailed study of this period , efforts should be
made to collect documents and reports from the National Archives
of Ind ia, the archives of the then Secretory of State for India,
London, the Record Offic,,", of the Gover nments of the Punjab (In
Ind ia and Pakistan) and from the collections of the late Sir Sundar
Singh MaJ I,hla, Sir Jogendra Singh, Pandlt Madan Mohan Malavira,
Pandlt Motilal Nehru, Mr. C. R. Das, Sardar K.M. Panlkkar, Raja
Sir Narendra Nath, Sardar Bahadur Mehtab Singh , Sardar Tara
 viii

Singh of Moga, Master Tara Singh and all others who have in one
way or another been connected with the movement. The diaries
of Sir Sundar Singh Majithla and Sardar Mehtab Singh, for some
time President of the S.G.P.C., are full of Invaluable Information.
Copies of the periodical repons of the District administrative and
police officers to the provincial headquarters and of the provincial
government to the Government of India should also be secured.
~ systematiC search for relevant repons and documents should be
made In the Indian and foreign newspapers and periodicals. These
all. and the communiques of the S.G.P C. and the Akali Dal of
those eventful days, should be published in a series of volumes,
properly edited and indexed, and made readily ava ilable to the
students and scholars of history.
For publications dealing directly or indirectiy With, or
referring to, the Akall movement, the ;nqulsitive reader Is advised
to consult A Bibl iollraphy of the Punjab being publishcd by the
Punjabi University, Patiala, and The Bibliography of Sikhs and
S ikhism being issued by the S.G P.C . Amrit .. r.

II

Polit ical A gi tators in 19 17

The volume opens with a 'stricely confidential' list of 'the most
prominent political agitators in the Pan Jab' whose movements were
closely watched by the police in 1917 and reported to government
(No. I and 21. The first World War 11914.18) was then on and
German agents were trying to stir up revoiution in India. Not
long before, the Punjab had witnessed the terrorist activities of
the Ghadr Party immigrants from America, many of whom had
either been sentenced to death or were undergoing life imprison-
ments. Some of them' had tried to escape from jails to renew their
revolutionary activ ities in co--operadon With their sympathisers
outSide . The persons mentioned in the list were suspected to
be pro'minent anti-British agitators, some of whom had bEen
 IX
on the police lists since the Agrarian and Colony Bill agitation 01
1906-07. This list was occasionally revised and circulated not only
to all the District Superintendents of Pollee in the Punjab but also
to the rulers of the native States.

(I) 2_ Anand Kishor Mehta was an associate of Lala Lajpat Ra l

in the Punjab Colony Bill ag itation in 1907.
(ii) 3. H.rchand Singh was the originator of the Rlkab-ganj
Gurdwara agitation In 1914, aimed at reconstructing the
Gurdwara wall demolished by Government. Later he
took part In the Akali movement. He started the
Khalsa Akhbar, an Urdu weekly, In 19H and was an
associate of Master Sunder Singh Lyallpurlln starting the
Akali In 1920.
(ill) 8. Maulana Zafar Al l, the well known editor of the
Zamindar, Lahore, was a leading nationalist of the
Panjab In those days. Later he joined the Muslim
League.
(I v ) 9. Teja Singh, M.A., popularly known as Sant Teja Singhof
Mastuana, went to America for study In 1909 and there
delivered a number of lectures on Ind ia and her people.
On his return he was listed as an agitator. He Is a
religious recluse and has never indulged In active politics.
(v) II . Kedar Nath Sehgal attracted the notice of the Punjab
Police dur ing the Colony Bill agitation In 1907 and Was
placed on the list of agitators for surveillance.
(vi) 16. Lal Chand Falak was an associate of the well known
political agitators like Amba Prasad Sufi, Ajlt Singh and
others In the first decade of the century. In 1917-18
he was sentenced to fourteen years' Imprisonment In
the fourth ~ahore Conspiracy Case, but was released In
1920. He was a popular Urdu poet and the following
lines from one of his poems h,ve acquired historical
significance:
 x

No Information is available about the other agitators

rr:entioned In the list.

Treaty Rights of the Indian Ruling Princes

For some time past there had been whispering complaints from
some of the Indian ruling pr in ces that rights secured to them by
Treaties, Sanads and Engagements had not, In practice, been fully
observed by the Government of India. It was, therefore, suggested
by the Viceroy in an Informal meeting held at Delhi on February
4-5, 1918, that concrete instances of disregard of treaty rights be
l:rcught to the notice of the Government before the next meeting
(3 . 41. It was In pursuance of this suggestion that the Nabha State
collected a numbr of instances mentioned under No.6.

The Darbar Sahib Keys Agitation

The stiff and hostile attitude of the Government of the Pan lab
towards Sikh Gurdwaras reform movement brought the Sikh
community in direct conflict with the Government. With a view
to suppressing the movement, the Government took away on
November 7, 1921, the keysof the Golden Temple, Amrltsar, and
other allied Gurdwaras from their Manager, Sardar Sundar Singh
Ramgarhia. This created a stir among the community. As a strong
step of protest against the Government, the Shiromani Gurdwara
Parb.ndhak Committee, in its special meeting held at the Akal Takht
on November 10 , called upon the Sikh members of the provincial
legislature, under threat of excommunic3tio-n, to ',acate their seats
 xi

(No.9). A similar directive had also been issued to them by the

Committee on August 27, 1921 (No.7,. The agitation soon took a
serious turn and hundreds of Sikhs went to jail at the bidding of
the Shiromani G urdwara Parbandhak Comm ittee. As there was
no apparent justification for th e Government to resort to repression
in this case, It had to yield and return t he keys to the Comm ittee .
The Sikhs had re mained perfectly nonviolent throughout their
struggle with the bu reaucracy and, according to Mahatma Gandhi .
.. his was a glorious triumph of non wviolence and self-sacrifice over
official high-h andedness. For this he congratulated the Sikhs in his
telegram of january 18 19, 1922, to Sardar Kharak Singh , the then
Pres ident of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, saying:
" First Battle of Ind ia's Freedom won , congratulations" INa. 10).

Guru ka-Bagh Affair

There are only two documents here bearing on the Guru.ka ..
Bagh affair_ One (No 190, p.304) Is an eye-Witness account of
Maulana Klfayatullah, the President of the jamait-ul-Ulma-I-Hlnd_
He Visited the Gu ru -ka-Bagh Gurdwara on September 10, 19l1,
dur ing the mortha days, In the company of the well known Indian
leaders Hakim Ajmal Khan of Delhi, Swami Shardhananda, Shrl
Pia ray Lal Sharma, Secretary, Provincial Congress Committee, Delhi,
and Mr. G. A. Sundaram of the Swadesamitram_ Madras. The
statement of Maulana Kifayat-ullah gives to the reader some Idea
of how mercilessly the members of the Akali batches during the
marcha were beaten to unconsciousness , day after day, by the police
under the personal supervision of Mr Beaty , the Superintendent
of Police, and how unresistlngly and w ith great fortitude and
resignation , the non-violent Akalis went through this ordeal. In the
words of the Rev_ C.F. Andrews, "A great heroism learnt through
suffering, had risen In the land A new I.s.o n in moral warfare has
been taught to the world ." Accord ing to john S. Hoyland in
his The Cross Moves East "An English spectator of this
movement of Satyagraha , when hundreds of ex-soldiers, belonging
to proudest a'nd most martial Sikh race in India, marched In rank
 xii
afcer rank up co a cordon of police. chere to be clubbed dow"
unreslstingly. has said to the presenc writer that never in his life
did he see anything so dreadful and at the same time so
impressive. t

The letter of Prof. Ruchi Ram Sahni to Mr. A.W. Mercer.

D.I.G. Police. dated September 25. 1922 (No. 191. p. 307) tells
us that even the members of the public were III-created by the
police 'nd robbed of cheir belongings. This was all done with the
object of striking terror into the people participating in or
sympathising with the Akali mevement But Ic failed to achieve the
desired effen. On the ocher hand. the publication of the reports
of police atrocities against che non-violent Sikh satyagrahis stirred
the conscience of the world against the Government and won for
the Sikhs sympathy and admir>clon not only of the people of India
but also of che world at large_

Represswn in Native States

RepreSSive me35ures against the Akali reformish were not
confined to the British territory. They were followed with equal
rlgour In the native states also. EVidently. the Indian rulers did so
under the pressure of the Political Department of the Government
of India In the Kapurthala Stace. che Akalls were watched and
arrested not only for taking part In the activities of the Shiromanl
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee but also for wearing Kirpan- a
religious symbol of the Sikhs-although there were no restrictions
on it In the native states where the Indian Arms Act was not
normally appllc>ble. Many of them were confined to their own
Villages and could move out only with the permission of the State
authorities. Additional military force was recruited to keep the
Akalis under check. and special executive officers were placed on
duty In the Tehsll headquarters to check the expansion of Akali
movement (I 1.12).

Koolro Opposition to the Akali Movement

The Kookas or Namdharis had been under strict surveillance
 xiii

of the police since 18n, when sixtyfive of them had been blown
from the guns for the murder of cow-killing bueche .. of Malerkocla
and other places and their leader Bab. Ram Singh .nd his close
assocl.tes were exiled from the Panlab. Theirs was a purely
religious and social movement with no political or anti-British
designs. Yet the Deputy Commissioner of ludhlana district.
wherein the village of Bhalnl , the residence of Baba Ram Singh , w"
sitUated. and the Commissioner of Ambala division. frightened by
the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857-58. dubbed them as political suspects and
established a police-post in the village. Th is was very irksome to
the Kookas and they found a favourable opportunity in opposing
the Akali movement to earn for themselves the goodWill of the
Government of the Panlab . They IIot only allied themselves with
the anti-Akall interests of the Mahants or custodians of the Sikh
temples but also actively opposed the movement and carried on
vigorous propaganda through the press, with papers such as the
Satjug and the Kooka, and platform against the Akalis whom the
Government then considered their worst enemies, particularly during
the Guru-ka-Bagh and Jaito morchas or agitations (' 922-25).
In recognition of their loyal services, the Government of tt'le
Panlab was pleased to remove in 1922 the fifty . year old police
post from the Kooka headquarters at Bhainl . As a further mark
of Its favours. the Governor of the Punjab interceded on their
behalf With the Administrator of the Nabha State on August 2.
1923, for not disturbing them abcut certain forest rights (In Nabha
Beer) to save them from falling "into the arms of Akalls", with
whom they were then on extremely unfriendly terms. The,e
rights were said to have been granted to them verbally by the
deposed Maharaja Rlpudaman Singh of Nabha. The Governor
was also pleased to suggest to the Administrator not to take
any action regarding that land until the Akali agitation over Nabha
had somewhat subsided (No. 13).
The Administrator (Mr. C.M.G. OgilVie) in his D.O . No. 770,
of August 30, 1923, accepted the recommendation of the PanJab
Government and assured the Governor, through Mr , Craik, Chief
 xiv

Secretary to tne Government, that he did not Intend to remove

them for the present, or Indeed at all, provided they refrained
from bringing the Beer under cult ivation. According to the
Administrator, "they hold no written deed of gift or anything of
the kind " (No. 188, pp 303).

Abdication of the Maharaja of Nabha

Maharaja Rlpudaman Singh of Nabha had, for reasons mainly
political, incurred the displeasure of the Government of India and
was deposed and exiled from the State. He, however. felt that he
had been unjustly removed from his throne at the InstigatiOn of
his enemies, particularly Maharaja Shupendra Singh of Patl.la. and
of the Political Department, which. he said, had been under the
influeuce of his rival, that his abdication had been ' anything Dut
voluntary ' and tnat he had been made to sign the le tter of abdication
under threats and coercion. He narrated at length In his letter of
Decembe r 14, 1923, to H.E. the Viceroy and the Governor-General
of India (No. 14) how his servants proved disloyal to him and
how Col. Minchin , Political Agent to the Governor-General, had
insulted him and treated him 'like a rebel and pri.soner'. How the
Senior Maharani and ladies of the Zenana wer. insulted and
searched by the Agent to the Governor Gener.1 himself and placed
under a military guard. and how the ladles of the family were
starved for a whole day , make a pitiable reading.
The representltion of the Maharaja ended with an appeal to
His Excellency to 'find an early opportun ity of redressing my
grievances.' He also informed H. E. that he had in writing
dissociated himself 'from the agitation about his forced abdication'
and that he had also sent a telegram to the Sh lromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee and the press to that effect
In his reply of March 3, . 1924 (No. IS), Lord Reading. the
Viceroy and Governor-General of India, informed His Highness
Maharaja Rlpudaman Singh that he had fully considered the contents
of H.H,'s representation and that his examination of the case and
his personal knowledge of the events connected with it left no
..ound In his mind that the grievances of His Highness and oharges
~f Intimidation and coeroion levelled by him at the offioers of the
I(;overilm ent were without foundation and that he found no
ground for revision of the decision arrived at by the Government.
Referr ing to his speeoh of Ootober 17, 1923, that there should
be no illusion about His Highness's restoration in a short time
or In a few years and that he had ceased for all time to rule in
Nabh., His Excellency reiterated : "To that pronouncement I and
my Government adhere and Your Highness must definite ly under-
stand that the decisIon is irrevocable."
Thi s disillus ioned the mind of His Highness about the chances
of his restoration to the throne of Nabha and placed the leaders of
the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee in a very
embarrassing position regardi r.g the agitation that they had started
for it in hot haste. The public dissociation of H,H. with it had
fu rther worsened the situation .

Council of Adminislration for Nabha

At one stage, in the course of consulations among the leaders
of the Nabha ag itation , when a Council of Regency was ruled Out
as unacceptable, it was suggested that the Governm ent be approached
to appOint a Council of Adm inistration that would inspire 'con-
fidence in the Sikh community that it will maintain the Sikh character
of the state' (No. 185 pp. 2989~ ; d. No. 163, p. 251). The
Government had actually agreed informally with Bhai Jodh Shigh
that this Council of Administration , to be set up during the minority
of the deposed Maharaja' s son, Partap Singh, would have a Sikh as
its preSident and the majority of the members would also be Sikhs.
But the Akali leaders were not th e n in mood to agree to anything
short of the restoratioo of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh. This the
Government could. not accept in the face of the irrevocable decision
and catagorical pronouncem ents of the Viceroy and Governor-
~feneral.of Ind ia (No IS, p. 291. Thus this, proposal for a C,ouncil
AdminIStration for Nabh. Scate could not proceed beyond the
Stage of Wishful thinking. And the Briti~j, administrator continued
 xvi

to ,.maih Ih the saddle .

From Dehra Dun , the'- Maharaja was removed to Kodai-kanal
in South India. where he di.d on December 14, 1942.

}aito Marcha
The Jaito agitation was ooly partially religious in motive. It
began on September 14, 1923 , when the continuous reading
(Akhandpath) of the Guru Granch Sahib going on in Gurdwara Tibbi
Sahib at Jalto In the Nabha State for the benefit of the deposed
Maharaja Ripudaman Singh was sa id to have been interrupted by
the st.te authorities. The state was then ruled by 0 British
Administrator. Mr. Wilson Johnston The }athas sent by the
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee for restarting the
interrupted reading were arrested by the state police ood ieft In
far-flung and out of the way places. After some 500 men had
been treated in this way big Shahidi jatha (Martyrs' band ) of 500
was sent. On Its arrival at Jaito on February 21 . i924. the third
anniversary of Nankana Sahib tragedy. it wu mercilessly fired
upon by the state forces, causing some 300 casualties, Including
about 100 killed. Seeing their comrades fall dead or wounded.
the members of the }atha rushed forward to seek martyrdom and
literally ran Into the Jaws of death (No. 19-22. pp. 37-45; No.
155, pp. 22834; No. 157-58. pp. 239-40 ; No. 167, pp. 261-6-4).
Many more jathas followed. They were all arrested and not fired
upon. A jatha came from as far off as America (No. 183. pp.
293-96). The muggle dragged on up to July 21, 1925, when the
Government yielded, removed the restrictions on the Akhandpath
and allowed the Sikhs to perform the ceremony uninterrupted.
It may be pointed out that the lathas moved to Jolto with a vow
taken at the Akal Takht. Amritsar (No. 18). to remain completely
nonviolent and that the vow was in all cases observed In letter
and spirit.

Arrest of Akali Leaders

Finding the Akall movement drifting into polities. particularly
 xvii

when tne Shlrom,nl Gurdwar. Parb.ndhak Committee and the

Akali Dal beg.n agitating for the restoration of the deposed Maharaj.
of Nabha to his throne, the Government of the Panjab declared
these bodies to be unlawful associations and arrested on January 7,
1924 (No. 16),62 of their leaders. The Gener.1 Committee of the
Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee In its resolutions of
that day. passed before their leaders' arrest, condemned the
'arbitrary and high-handed policy of the Government', appreciated
the services of the members of these bodies, protested against
the entry of the police In to the precincts of the Golden Temple
and placed on record Its firm determination to continue the struggle
by all non-violent methods (No. 17).

Mahatma Gandhi's letters (Nos. 24-28)

Wh lie the jalto marcha was being prolonged and there were
signs of we.kness here and there, and th e Government of the
Pan lab was trying to create , with some success, a rift In the ranks
ofthe Sikhs through a network of Governmen t .sponsored Sudhar
Committees and Zall Committees, composed of loyalists and
Government agents, the arrested leaders of the Shiromani Gurdwara
P.rbandh.k Committee det.lned In the L,hore fort opened
negotl.tlons with the non-Akali Sik h leaders .nd others With a
view to winning the sympathies of the national leaders of the
country like Mahatma Gandh i and Pandit Madan Mohan Mal,vly.
for their struggle .galnst the Government and for helping them
out of It by the passage, In the provincial legislative assembly, of
a bill transferring to the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak CommittEe
the control of Sikh historical Gurdwaras. Mahatm. Gandhi cou ld
interest himself In the Jaito marcha and arrange for open ing
negotiations with the authorities only If the Shlromanl Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee were to make "a declaration In the clearest
terms that the object of the jath. is purely to assert the aforesaid
right [of performing the Akhand-path In place of the one that had
been Interrupt,d], that it has no desire to carryon under the
Cover of the Akhand-path ceremony any prohibited propaganda
 xviii

In the Nabha state" (p. 51).

In connection with the movement for the control or historical
Gurdwaras, "it will be assumed", said Mahatma Gandhi, "that all
such Gurdwaras must remain In the control or Shlromani Gurdwara
P.rbandhak Committee." But 'm every case of disputed control
or posseSSion, the matter should be re rerred to arbitrat io n"
(p.53). Mahatmajl .Iso required satisfaction "that the movement
is neither .ntlHlndu nor anti-any other race or creed " (p. 54).
As to the restoration of Nabha. "In my opinion", said
Mahatma Gandhi, "Whatever the true facts may be, the Maharaja
has by his writings made It practically Impossible for his well-
wishers to carryon an effective agitation for his restoration . Ir,
however, he makes a public statement that all the writings were
practically extorted from him and "is willing to face the con.e-
quences of the publication of all the facts against him, it ,.
possible to carryon an effective and even successful agitation:'
Then, "the agitation should be all-India agitation. The Akalls
should merely assist In the elucidation of facts" (No. 27).
Th. Shiromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, In Its reply
dated April 20, 1914 (No. 29), to Mahatma Gandhi, agreed with
him on almost all the points and assured him that their movement
was "neither anti -Hindu , nor anti -any other race or creed", but was
"thoroughly national In outlook." It also expla ined to him their
entire position and stated its minimum demands as follows:
a) "We want a Law that would prOVide for a central
representative and .Iected body of the Sikhs as trustees
of all historical Gurdwaras."
b) " We want the freedom of our religious symbol, the
Kirpan or sword. from all restrictions."
3) " We agree that reasoning and arbitration should be
sincerely tried before resorti ng to Satyagraha"
(No. 29, iv, p. 63).
Lengthy discuss ions and negotiations were carried on between
'he repre.enUtive of the Shiromani Gurdwar. Parbandhak
Committee and Maharaja Ripudaman Singh at Dehra Dun (referred
to as 'D.O. Friend' in the correspondence) but as the Maharaja
could not be persuaded to make a public statement on the lines
suggested by M.hatm, Gandhi [No. 27, p. 55), he could not interest
himself in the agitation for the Maharaja's restoration.

The Birdwood Committee

In the early months of 1921 . Sir Makolm Hailey, the Home
Member of the Government of India, suggested to His Excellency
Lord Reading, the Governor-General , to invite General Sir William
Birdwood , the Commander-in-Chief of India, to help restore friendly
re:ations between the Government and the Sikh community and
to draft . in consulation with the members of the Pan jab Legislative
Council , a bill for the control of the Sikh Gurdwaras that may 'be
acceptable to both the parties. General Birdwood was .Iso
authorized by the Governor-General to promise that if the Akali.
co-operated with him in hi' work, tho,e of them imprisoned and
under trial for offences in conn ection With the Gurdwara agitation
would be released . Sir William was known for his friendship for
the Sikhs. During thirty-five years in the Indian army he had seen
much of th e Sikhs and knew them we ll. It was, therefore. hoped
that with his tactful handling he would be able to overcome the
ho ~ tility that had come to be created between the Government
and the Sikhs . With the help of Bha i Jodh Singh and Sardar Narain
Singh of Gulranwala, General Birdwood entered into negotiations
with the Government of the Panjab, represented by Mr_ Henry
Craik, and the Akali leaders detained In the Lahore fort and work ing
oU"id e. Documents under No_ 30 to 52 and 54 to 67 (pp. 69-129)
give details of the negotiat ions and discuss io ns and of the various
drafts of the bases and terms o f agreement proposed and amended
by the parties and, at last, rejected by the Akali leaders inside
the fort . Both sides worked w ith mental reservat ions and
suspicions and looked more to their prestige than to the solution
and ,ettlement of the problem before them _ Thus the efforts of
the Birdwood Committee failed to achieve its objective and it was
dissolved .
General Sir William (late r Field Marsha ll Lord) Birdwood
has in his autob iography, 'Khaki and Gown' , thus summar ize d t he
failure of his negotiations:

" The more extrem ist Aka"s obstruct, d progress with qu ite
unreasonable demands. They t r ied to ma l e it a condition that, in
addition to those detained for simple Gurdwara offences, all Sikhs
undergoing Imprisonment or awaiting tr ia l-even for murder or
manslaughter resulting from the se izure of Gurdwaras- should be
released before they wo uld co-operate. To th is stipulation It was,
of course, qU ite Impossible to agr Ee, and after a whole month 's
discussions I had reluct antly to inform the Viceroy that the
appointment of my Committee appeared to have been prem.ture"
(p. 372).
That the General was subsuntially correct in his condusion
is borne out by Sardar Raja Singh , then a member of the Working
Committee of the Sh lromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, in
his letter of res ignation dated August 28, 1924 (No. 67, pp 128-29).
W r iting to the Pre.ldent of the Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak
Comm ittee, he said :
" As I do not believe in the policy and actions which actuated
breakage of Blrdwood negollations so far as our side Is
concerned (and on the day the rejection of the settlement was
finally decided In Lahore Fort jail , I stood against the rejection)
and as the present policy of the Shiromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee (only one General Committee has met after 13th
October,' 23 , and one Execut ive, and of these twa considered
the policy) and policy and actions of Its very powerful and
important Imtruments are unduly dominated by outside
Influence and consequently under the circumstances. not in
I

the Interests of the Panth ... 1 have been obliged to hereby

submit my resignation from the Working Committee, wh ich
please accept and oblige :"
 xxi

If the Akall leaders had acoepted the proposed basis for co-
operation with the Negotiations Comm ittee, the drafting of the bill
for the management of Gurdwaras would have been Immediately
taken up by a committee of siX members, with Sir William
Blrdwood as president, set up for the purpose. The majority of
the members were to be Sikhs - Bhai lodh Singh , Sardar Naraln
Singh and Sardar Tara Singh-with two Hindu members, Raja
Sir Narendra Nath and an em inen t lawyer from Madras. The
lawyer member had actually arr ived at Lahore. But the Akalis
Insisted that such of the Sikh sold iers as had been cc>ovicted by
military courts for wearing Kirpans should as well be released.
Bhai Jodh Singh was of the opinion that when the negotiations
were successfully concluded, the release of those soldiers could
be easily secured . But the Akall leaders, prompted mainly by
emotion , rigidly stuck to their demand being fulfolled as a preli minary
condition for their co-operation. And the Blrdwood negotiations
broke down.

This refusal to co-operate with the Blrdwood Committee by

the extremist Akalls is considered to be one of the greateSt
blunders committed by them. The passage of the Gurdw.ra Bill
at that stage would have ended the struggle of the community with
the Government much earlier and saved it from the rot Into
wh ich It fell as a result of the mutual split and acrimony created by
the accentuation of differences by the extremists.

Gurdwara Act, 1925

The time and labour spent by General Blrdwood and his
Sikh Committee was not. however, entirely wasted . The leaders
of the Shiroman i Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, and the well-
Wishers of the Sikhs soon felt the necessity of reopening the
Subject at the point where it had been left off. In the meantime,
Sir Malcolm Hailey had become the Governor of the PanJab in
place of Sir Edward Maclagan. He was a clever politician and a
practical statesman. Sardar Sir logendra Singh says In his letter
 xxii

of ISt September. 1924 (No. 68, pp. 129.31), addressed to Sardar

Naraln Singh, M. L. c., of GuJranwala rhat the failure of the
negotiations of the Birdwood Committee has, I believe. done a
good dea l of harm to our cause .. " "I have seen that the
sympathies of the Hindus and Muhammadans are daily on the
decrease on account of their thinking that the position taken up
by the Akalis being unreasonabl .... I have found a ge ntleman .. . who
has promised to intervene and try to have the matter settled
between our community and the Government, jf We take up a
reasonable pOsition . ' J

"I think the Government Is also as anx ious, perhaps more

anx ious than ourselves, to have the matter settled."

This move was supported by seven Akali leaders he.ded by

Rls.ld.r Sundar Singh (then In the Lahore fort ) in their com-
mun ication of September 16 (No. 69, p. 131) wherein they stressed
the deS irability of an early settlement with the Government in
consultat ion with the Sikh counCillors , Sardar Nar.'n Singh and
Bhai Jodh Singh. They were of the opinion that the bill should
be accepted In all cases, even If the Government did not agree to
the release of the Akali prisoners before the passage of the bill.
In the third week of December, 1924, twenty of the Akall leaders
de tained In the Lahore fort authorized the Secretary of the
Shiro manl Gurdwara P.r.bandhak Comm ittee to take all kinds of
decisions in the Interest of the Panth without ask ing them as they
could not arrive at any unanimous decision on account of
diffe rences of opinion amongst them. (See No. 7b, 77, 78 pp. 138-44.)
Sir Malcolm Hailey did not take long to acquaint himself with
the Sikh problem. He seems to have understood the psychology
of the extremist Akalls better than his predeceslor. In the course
of a casual talk he Is said to have once remarked. "Why delay the
Bill and let the Government get the blame. Give It to them. and
also their Gurdwaras , They will then quarrel among themselves.
The Government will be free to do something else."
 xxiii

The reconcilable attitude of both the Akalls and the Go.v ern .
ment encouraged the Sikh members of the Punjab Legisl at ive
Counc il to hammer Into shape th e Gurdwara Bill as best as they
could. Bha l Jodh Singh took a leading role in the negotiation s with
the Government. His correspondence with Mr. H.W Emerson ,
the Deputy Commissioner of Lahore, and Mr. H.D. Craik, th e
Chief Secretary to the Government, who represented the Govern.
ment in the prelim inary discussions, and with the Akali le.ders
reveals the various stages through wh ich the draft of the bill pa ssed
before it was finalized for be ing presented to th e Council. It also
gives an Insight into the re action s of the Akali leaders, both
extremist and others (No. 71 to 97, pp. 134-57; Cf. 165. pp. 250 .52).
With the change in the attitude of the Governm.n t. the
Muslim members of the Council also assumed a helpful attitude
and offered to support the Bill if Professor Jodh Singh agreed
to their suggestion' of maintaining the records of the proposed
Gurdwara jud icial Commission In Urdu instel d of Gurumukhl as
provided for in one of the clauses of the Bill . The Hindu members
on the other hand asked him not to accept the Muslim suggestion
say ing that they wo uld stand by him in the Council. This gave
him an opportunity to secure their prom ise to withdraw their
proposed amendments to the Bill on the affirmation of Mahant
Basant Das , Secretary of the Udasl n Mahamandal. that the various
shrines metioned In the Hindu Members' amendments were Sikh
Gurdwaras, dedicated to the Guru Granth Sahib and that regular
Sikh practices Were observed therein. As a compromise, the
Gurdwara of Manak of Mehant Basant Das was excluded from the
list attached to the Bill . Thus the Gurdwara Bill was paSied by
the Punjab Legislative Assembly on July 7. 1925. And It came
Into force with effect from th e 1st of November, 1925.
Now arose the question of the release of the Akall prisoners
and of those under t rial for offences conntcted wit h the Gurdwara
struggle . The Government agreed that such of them as declared
themselves to be in favour of working the Bill .,ked for and
 xxiv

accepted by the Sikhs would be Immediately released. Most of

the leaders saw no objection in mak ing this declaration in favour
of the Bill which had been drafted by Sikh councillors in response
to their wishes and in consultation with them , The Irreconcilable
extremists, however, looked upon this dec/aration as a humiliating
condition laid down by the Government and they refused to accept
it. This widened the rift between the two sections and led to
the frittering away of the energies of the community in fratricidal
recrim inations (Nos. 98- 106, pp . 157-72; No. 183, pp. 289-92).
The Gove rnment gradually released the prisoners after the Bill
came Into force with effect from Nove mber I, 1925.

The N abha Question

As the question of the restoration of Maharaja Rlpudaman
Singh was purely polit ical and the Shlromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee was a religious body, it could not In honesty be
pursued by the leaders of the Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee, and had to be dropped to secure the passage of the
Gurdwara Bill. At one stage, Master Sundar Singh Lyallpurl. one
of the original promoters of the Akall movement, had suggested
that this qu estion should be handed over to the Sikh League, a
political organization. And if it were not done, he had threa!ened
to launch a campaign against it (No. 156, pp. 237-38).
5ardar Amar Singh of Jhabbal was also of the view that a
serious mistake had been made by the Shlromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee, in involving itself in politics. He, therefore,
dissociated himself (rom the Committee and resigned its member-
ship. There were also some two dozen other members who were
not In favour of continuing the Nabha agiutlon as a part of the
Gurdwara Reform movement and wished it to be dropped (No. 156,
pp. 237-38 ; No. 160, pp. 244-45).
The leaders of the Committee, therefore. assumed a luke-warm
attitude towads it, neither dropping the question nor mak ing it
a life-and death question. (No. 168, Note, p. 266). The Maharaja
 x:Xv .

bitterly complained of this In his letter addressed to the Committee

(No. 107, pp. 17274), though he was himself mostly respons ible in
weakening the hands of the agitators In his cause (Nos. 58, 59,
pp. 105120; No. 156. pp. 237-38 ; No. 168, pp. 26667, No. 177,
pp. 28486 ; No. 186, p. 30 I) .

Services of the Patiala State to Government

Soon after the Gurdwara Bill was passed, the Prime Minister
of the Patiala State, Daya Kishan Kaul. sent In August 1925.
under Instructions of the Maharaja, a note on the Services rendered
by Patiala in combating the dangerous Sikh agitation and the Akali
movement in the Punjab in recent years to Col. St. John, Politleal
Agent to the Governor General, with the req uest that they might
be brought to the notice of the Government of India for such
recognition as th ey dese rved (Nos. 10809, pp . 17478).

There is also on record a confidential note submitted to His

Highness Maharaja Bhupendra Singh by liaqat Hayat Khan, Home
Minister, on the political situation in the State and on the desinbllity
of recognizing the services of deserving persons (No. 110, pp.
183.92) .

Allowances to' Newspapermen

The letter of Daya Klshan Kaul, dated May 24, 1924. to
Master Chanda Singh . editor of the Panth Sewak. Amrltsar
(No. 53), is an Indication of how newspapermen were paid allowances
by the Prince ly States , evidently to play to their tunes or to act
as their agents.

Chief Khalsa Diwan and the Khalsa College, Amritsar

The Chief Khalsa Diwan, Amrltsar, Is a rellgio-polltical
association of the Sikhs established in 1902. Its leaders, headed by
Sardar Sundar Singh Majltha, believed In the po liCy of polit ical
compromise and co-operation with the Government. This poliCy
alone, they felt. could help the backward and predom inenely rural
 xxvi

community of the Sikhs catch up In social and educational fields

with the rich and advanced Hindus and the Government-favoured
Musalmans. Their only college. the Khalsa College. AmrltSar.
received substantial aid from the Panjab Government. This was
nOt In keeping with the rising t lce of ~olitJ"l extremism
and non"co.operation . Flu$hed with successes in gaining control
of some of the Important Sikh shrines. and taking advantage of
the commotion in the College due to differences between the
Principal (Mr G. A. Wathen) and the Managing Committee, some
of the AkalJ leaders started In 1923-24 virulent propaganda both
against the Chief Khalsa Dlwan and the Management of 'he Khalsa
College. This Is referred to in letters Nos. 164, 170 and 175
received from Akali leaders inside the Lahore fort . The community
co uld not then afford, they felt. to enter Into a fratricidal campaign
against the Chief Khalsa Diwan and appealed to the editors
of their newspapers. Sardar Mangal Singh and Giani Hira Singh.
not to permit that unhealthy criticism to continue (No. 164. pp.
252-53). They were In favour of a compromise with the Managing
Committee of the College, but if that were not possible. they
w I'hed the anti-college agitation to be dropped in the Interest of
the Gurdwara Reform Movement (No. 175. p. 281). Not unoften
they stood in need of the service, of the leading member> of the
Cllief Khalsa Dlwan like Sir jogendra Singh, Sardar Harbans Singh
of Atari. Sardar Raghbir Singh of Rajasansl and Bhai jodh Singh.
who was. In fact. their main negot iator with the Government
(No. 166, p. 258; No. 172, p.274).

Morcha at Bhai Pheru

While the agitation to restart the 'interrupted' Akhand-path
at jaito was going on, another campaign came to be s tarted at Bhai
Pheru In the district of Lahore on December IS, 1923, for
Gurdwara Sangat Sahib. There are only two documents referring
to it available in these papers. One Is a telegram of September
22, 1925 INa. III), from Sardar Arjan Singh informing the
Secretary, Shromanl Akall Dal at Amr l"ar. that he had ordered the
 xxvii

suspension of the morcha from that day, The other Is a letter dated
Sept.mber 26, 1925 (No. 112) from Te)a Singh Ghawlnd to Bhai
Nand Singh, jathedar. supporting the action of Ar).n Singh and
Impressing upon Nand Singh the necessity of observing discipline
and not starting another morcha there (pp. 193-94). Also see No.
133 for an agreement between the Hindus and the Sikhs regarding
Gurdwara Shai Pheru (pp. 213-14).

The Sikh Sudhar altd Zail Committees

As stated earlier, the Government had encouraged the
format io n of the Sikh Sudhar and Zail Committees composed of
loyalists, government pensioners, etc., to create antiaAkali opinion
In the rural areas, which supplied volunteers for the Akall jachas,
and to dissuade the prospective volunteers from active association
with the Akall agitation, The leaders of the Shlromanl Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee. both Inside the Lahore fort and outside,
occ"lonally referred In their correspondence to the great harm that
these committees were doing to the movement and suggested
measures to counteract their propaganda. These Committees,
however, died their natural death soon after the Gurdwara Act
of 1925 came Into force (No. 159, p. H~; No. 161, p. 245; No.
166. p. 157).

Release of Prisoners in Patiala State

As a result of the interview of the representatives of the
Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, headed by Its President.
Sardar Bahadur Mehtab Singh . on February 16, 1926 (Report under
No. 136, pp_ 215-18), His Highness Maharaja Shupendra Singh
was persuaded to take a sympathetic view of almost all their wishes
and he released the Akall prisoners (No_ 137 . p. 219 .
' No
'189, p.
304)_

It may be said to his credit that on previous occasions also

as well as subsequently he, whenever properly appraoched, readily
responded to the wishes of the Sikh leaders. It was only )'Ihen
 xxviii

his own r ights and privileges wer. questioned and assailed that
he assumed a stiff attitude. This was but natural. He had helped
save from the Jaws of death the Invaluable Ii fe of the Akali
Jathedar Kartar Singh jhabbar of Nanakana Sahib and had taken
a leading part In the Kar-sl!Wa (dredging service) of the sacred
tank of the Goiden Temple at Amrltsar undertaken by the Akalis.
He would have effectively hel ped them out of many an embarrassing
situation during the Gurdwara Reform movement if they had
only adopted a neutral policy in the family feuds of Nabha and
Patiala. Evidently. It was under some such hopeful impression that
some member or members of the Working Committee of the
Shiromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee suggested to the
leaders inside the Lahore fort the adVisability of working through
the Maharaja of Patiala for a speedy settiement with the Govern-
ment of the Pan jab (No. 162. p. 249). How far. in face of differences
among them . the Akali leaders were able to avail themselves of
his Influence with the Government is stili a sealed secret.

Other Sikh States

No record is available in these papers about the rele.se of
Akalls in Kapurthala. jind and Kalsia states. They must have
followed the lead of Patiala. Faridkot State was then under a
Council of Regency and its President. Sardar Indar Singh. did
not find It advisable to give an interview to the President and
representatives of the Shiromanl Gurdwar. Parbandh.k Committee
(February-March , 1926) and release Akali prisoners even .fter the
Gurdwar. Bill had been passed and accepted by Shiroman; Gurdwara
P.rbandhit k Committee (No. 149-5l, pp. 225-17).

Proposal for the appointment of a Receiver at Nankana Sahib

While the ja ito and Bh.i Pheru morchas were on, there was
a. propcsal in Government circles to appoint an official Receiver for
the management of the Gurdwara j.nam Asthan and its landed
property at Nankana Sahib, perhaps, to div ide the attention of
the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and the Akali
 xu
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, submitted his resignation on
Feruary 21 , 1926. Ostensibie reasons given were those of health.
which must, of course, have been shattered owing to the heavy
pressure of work and his long detention In the Lahore Fort. This
state of affairs referred to In the letter of Sardar Mangal Singh of
February 26 (No. 115, p. 106, and In No. 164, pp. 25153 ; No. 170,
pp. 269-70 ; No. 176, pp. 28283; No. 181. pp. 28889). seems to
have worsened by the delay In the general election of the Shirom.ni
Gurdw.ra Parb.ndhak Committee, further postponement of which
was asked for in the statement .nd telegram of May 27. 1926, of
Prof Tel' Singh (Nos. 125. 126 .nd 127, pp. 20709) . who w.s trying
to bring about. compromise between the w.rrlng p.rties.
Riots in Rawalpindi
The month of June In 1926 saw the outbre.k In R.w.lpindl
(now In p.kist.n) of communal riots wherein the Sikhs suffered
he.vily at the hands of their Muslim neighbours. As the Ak.lis had
lust come out of ye.r.long struggle with the Government and
there were some extremists belonging to the newly created
Ak.1i Party. who were not happy over the settlement with the
Government. it was feared th.t the Shirom.nl Gurdwar. P.rb.ndh.k
Committee or the Akali oal might send some jathas to Raw.lplndl
t.) help their coreligionists, thus causing embarrassment to Govern-
ment. But the Akali, had no such plan In view. In reply to the
enqUiry of the Deputy CommiSSioner, Amrlt .. r (No. IP, pp .
200..01) on June IS , the Secret.ryof the Shlromanl Gurdwara
Farbandh.k Committee Informed him on the 18th (No. 129, P 201)
that the " Shiromanl Gurdw.ra Parb.ndhak Committee. on he.ring
of he.rt.rending news from ' Rawalpindi wanted to send medical aid
for the wounded". but on receipt of message from there about
the situatioR being reassuring. " it dropped the Ide ....

Representation to the Uda~is and Namdharis on the Shiromani

Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
The leaders of the Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
Were fn iavour of giving proper representation to the Udasis as a
special caSe In consideration of their services to the Panth and the
Gurdwaras. This was supported by a re!olutlon that had been
passed by the Executive Commluee about a year and a half before
the writing of this '.rter (some time In the summer of 1925).
The Insistence of the Namdharis on separate representation
WAS, however, not well founded as they afready enjoyed the right
as Amri[dhari Sikhs. "Recogn ition of direct separate representation
for Namdharis", ~he Aka" leaders wrote from Inside the fort,
" would be a dangerous thing as It would be a preced ent for
spliting up the Panth Into sm,lI camps. specially when the
Namdharls have so far been having no Interest In the service of the
Gurdwar .. ," but hl~ . actually, opp~sed the Gurdwara Reform
movement (No. 187, pp. 30203).

Other points
There are In the documents In this volume a number of other
points which have not been touched In this Introduction . For them
the reader Is referred to the table of contents and the index which
would help him locate the relevant information.

GA ~D '" S [KGH
July 5, 1965
Patlala
 :xxxiii

A Select Bibliography

RiI fRill iil;;laa' I R'iil' noiil'c' R'f<Ja, 8.aa I

i!~6 fRUI ~~~a I aaa' >IIil'8l 8f<Ja t!' fef3<J'1f I
iila3"ll f~UI iilWR'i'Bl"" I I'!tI'O 1:1'8R' I liifIJ.3JIij I
--ma 1I'5ll"' >1161l'3 R'iiI' a.!g iii' a'a! I liifJf3Ra, '~'1a
--11fn ault!i I >iffJf3Ra I
<!!<lalllJ mill mma I 1J<J1~1;it;;?; (noiil'c' R'fua) I ,~at: I
OI~ fRill (AlJ'~iil) I 1.it!'a ('t:ac-'1~ao) I 1.itl'lI1 R'f<Ja >llCI'iniI,
~fQ'>I'<!', '6~'1 I
--iJIllCa !lel;ill fAW I lJ"~m R'fJa lIfil'iI'~l, ~fll'>l'<!:'. '6~'11
3'iI' fiw, WAG'a I i/<il1;!'t! I lIfiH3J'Ia, '~al.l I
O'<Ja fRw filI""ol I """,,,, "l~ 8f<Jai I !!fll'>l'<!:" '~eo I
nac fA"1lI I >II~'i!'!l Ho.J >113 faa I lJfG'>II'w, '1~I.I~ I
1{3'lJ rRW fOl'll'ol I >llCl1i!'!1 8fiJa t!' fef3iJ1R I lIf-fJf3Ra, '1~I.I'I I
'~i!'!",=,;Jl' t!' D7iil'<!' R'fui! ilia' I
~iJ7i fR"W~'" ;n;rnCi R'ii!' (I{l D7iil'C' R'fua) I 3003'ao I
Ii?.!' fRw '1:111 I ill~ !lel R'foa liel HiJO f~w ill ~'" 300 il'lIOl
Akali Dal and Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
(Confidential). Punjab Goyernment, Simla, 1922.
Akali Leader's Cases of 1923-25.
Akali Prisoners, Public Opinion on the Question of the Release
of. Na.tional Publication Bureau, Lahore 1925.
Andrews, C.F_ Statement regarding Guru ka Bagh. Manchester
Guardian, September 19, 20, 1922; Tribune, February
15, 24, 1924.
Congre" Enquiry Committee, Report on the Guru ka Bagh.
Am rl tsar, 1924.
Ganda Singh (Ed.). Bhagat Lakshman Singh: Autobiography.
Calcutta, 1965.
 xxxi v

lalto. Nabha. The Struggle for Freedom of Religious Worship

at Jai/o . Am rltsar. 1924.
Baba Kharak Singh Abhinandan Granth. Delnl. 1953.
Sahn l. Ruenl Ram. Struggle for Reform in Sikh Shrines.
Shiromanl Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. Amrltsar ,
1964.
Sardul Singh Kaveeshar. Sikh Studies. Lahore. 1937.
Sethi . G.R. Sikh Struggle for Gurdwara Reform. Amritsar.
1927.
Sundram. G.A. Guru ka Bagh Satyagrah . Madras. 1923
(Teja Singh.) Gurdwara Reform Movement and the Sikh
Awakening. lullundur. 1924.
Teja Singn. Essays in Sikhism. Lahore. 1944.
 Lilt of Abbreviation. used in the Text

A.G.G. Agent to the Governor-General

A. S. Arian Singh
C. I. D. Criminal Intelligence Department
C. L. A. Criminal Law Amendment
C. L. A. A. Criminal Law Amendment Act
Cr. L.A.A. Criminal Law Amendment Aot
D.D. DehraDun
D.D. Sajjan Dehra Dun Friend, Maharaja Ripudaman Singl.
of Nabha
D. O. Demi-official
G. G. Governor-General
G. R. Gurdwara Reform
H.E. His Excellency
H.H. His Highness
I. P. C. Indian Penal Code
L. C. Legislative Council
M ,L .C. Member of the Legislative CowlCil
R. S. Raja Singb
S, A.D. Shiromani .u,ali Dal
S_ B. Sardar Bahadur
S, G. Act Sikh Gurdwaras Act
S.G.P,C. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
S. S. Sardar Sahib
W. C. Working Committee
 --xxxvii

'L ilt of Documents Included

1. 2. 6.12.17 L.M. Crump to Foreign Minister, Nabha,
.ending list of politi,ca1 agitators in the
Punjab 1-4
3. 4/5.2.18 Digest of proceedings of meeting at
the Viceregal Lodge 5
4. 12.4.18 Confidential letter No. 205 C. A. from
Political Agent to Foreign Minister,
Nabha 6
5. 17.4.18 Confidential No. 237, from Chief Secy ..
Nabha, to Foreign Minister, appointing
a committee to collect instances of
treaty rights not fully observed by Govt. 7
6. 245.18 List of cases where treaty rights were not
fully observed by Government 89
7. 27.821 S.G.P.C. Resolution No 2, asking Sikh
Councillors to resign 10
8. 8.11.21 S. G. P. C. telegram regarding Golden
Temple Keys taken away by Government
--Emergent meeting at Akal Takht on
10.11.21 10
9. 10.11.21 S. G. P. C. Reso. No.3, asking Sikh
Councillors to resign 10
10. 18/19.1.22 . Mahatma Gandhi '. telegram of con-
gratulations to Sardar Kharak Singh,
President, S.G ,P.C. 11
11. 19.3 22 Huppression of Akalis in Kapurthala State 11-15
12. 21.3.22 Revised order of Ticca Sahib, Kapnrthala 15-17
13. 2.8.23 H.D. Craik, Chiof Secretary, Punjab, to
C.M.G. Ogilvie, Administrator, Nabha
State, to postpone action against
Namdharis regarding forest rights in
Nabha 18
For Administrator's reply, see No. 188 303
 xxxviii

14. 14.12 .23 MahBtaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha to

Lord Rending, Viceroy and G.G. of India,
regarding his abdication and treatment
by Political Agent. 18-24
Iii. 3.3.2~ Viceroy and G.G. to Maharaja of Nabha,
refuting H. H.'. allegations and inform-
ing him that Government decision was
irrevocable 24-28
16. 7 124 Arrest of 62 members of the Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandbak Committee 28-33
17. 7. 1 24 Resolution of the Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandbak Committee condemning the
action of the Government in anesing
Shiromani Gnrdwara Parbandbak Com-
mittee mombers 33-34
18. 92 .24 Declaration of orders of Akal Takht to
Shahidi Jatha of 500 proceeding to Jaito
to rema.in nonviolent 35-37
In. 18.7.24 Statement of Bhai Niranjan Singh of
Gobindgarh regarding firing at Jaito
on 21.2.24 37-40
20. Statement of Sodhi Jagat Singh of Nabha
regarding firing at Jaito on 21.2.24 4042
21. Statement of Kishan Singh, Sepoy No.
3298, Akal Infantry, Nabha, regarding
firing at Jaito on 21.2.24 42-44
22. Statement of Hav. Sewa Singh and Sepoy
Hardit Singh, Akal Infantry, Nabha,
regarding firing at J"ito on 21.2.24 44-45
2.3.27. -l3.21 Copies of Mahatma Gandbi's letters
regarding Akali movement 45-55
28. 9.3.24 The .ame 56
 xxxix.

29 . 20A.24 Secretary Shiromani Gurdwara Par-

bandhak Co=ittee to Mahatma Gandhi
in reply to hia letters 5659
30. 7.4 .24 Basis proposed by Shiromani Gurdwar",
Parbandhak Committee for Birdwood
Committee 69-70
31. 16.4.24 Notes handed over to General Birdwood 70- i t
32. 17.4.24 B .sis proposed by General Birdwood 71
33. Draft resolution by Panjsb Government 71 -7-1
34. 244.24 Draft proposed for Shiromani GurdwBra
Parbandhak Committee 74
35. 31.7.23 J"etter of Maharaja of Nabha disclaiming
responsibility for and sympathy with
Nabha affairs agitation 74-75
36. 25.4.24 Proposed basis of settlement 75-76
37. 25.424 Release of Akali prisoners when the bill
is passed 76
38. 28.4.24 New terms suggested by Bbai Jodh Sin'gh 76-79
39. 28.4.24 Working Committee's approval of pro-
gramme 79
40. 28.4.24 Draft Communique proposed 79-80
41. 28.4.24 Words of the ardas proposed 80
42. 30.4.24 Instructions for Bhai Jodh Singh and
S. Narain Singh 81-83
43. 30.4.24 'Preliminary condition 83
44. Revised draft of proposed resolution by
Punjab Government 83-85
45. 15.24 llh.i Jodh Singh to Mr. Craik 86-87
46. 1.5.24 Bhsi Jodh Singh to Mr. Craik 87-88
47. 9.5.24 Sardar Narain Singh to General Birdwood 88
48. 10.5.24 H. D. ersik to Bhai Jodh Singh 89-90
 xl

49. 11.5.24 Bhai Jodh Singh to Mr. Craik 90

50. 12.5.24 Bhai Jodh Singh to Mr. Craik 90-91
51. 18.5.~4 Secretary Nego. Com. Shiromani Gur-
dwara Parbandhak Committee (Daulat
Singh) to 8ardars Narain Singh and
Jodh Singh 91-94
21524 S. Narain Singh to Bhai Jodh Singh 95
53. 24.5.24 Prime Minister, Patia.\a (Da.ya Kishan
Kaull, to Master Chanda Singh, editor,
the Panth Sewak, Amritsar, regarding
the payment of his allowance 95-96
54. 265 .24 Bhai Jodh Singh to Mr. Craik 96-97
55. 26.5.24 Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Com-
mittee communique regarding Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee Jathas
to Jaito to establish right of worship 97-98
56. 27 .5.24 Bhai Jodh Singh to Mr. Craik 98-100
57. June, 19240 Press statement by Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee regarding break-
age of Birdwood Negotiations 100-105
58. 25.7.24 Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Com-
mittee negotiations with Maharaja
Ripudaman Singh of Nabha 105-113
59. 27.7 . ~4 Continuation of the above 113-120
60. 16.8.24 Sardar Mangal Singh to Secretary,
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Com-
mittee regarding Panikkar's talks with
Motilal Nehru, Dass and C,F. Andrews-
Sardars Jogendra Singh and Ujjal Singh
120-21
61, Sardar Mungal Singh to Sardar Arj an
Singh, sending Panikkar'. I.tter 121
 xli
62. 18.8.24 K. M. Panikkar to S . Mangal Singh
regarding inter views with Pt. Motila l
Nehru, C.R. Dass a nd C.F. Andrews 122-23
63. 218 .24 Sardar Mangal Singh to Secretary,
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Com-
mittee, regarding publication of statement
regarding Birdwood negotiations in the
Forward 123-24
64. 22.8.24 Sardar Mangal Singh to Secretary,
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Com-
mittee , regarding the above 124-27
6il. 22.8.24 K. M. Panikkar to Forward, Calcutta,
regarding the above 127
66. 21.8.2~ Letter of Sardar GurbakBh Singh, Ambala
city 128
67. 24.8.24 Sardar Raja Singh to President Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, sub-
mitting hi. resignation as a protest
against rejection of Birdwood settlement
by Akali leaders 128-29
68. 19.24 Sardar Jogendra Hingh to Sardar Narain
Singh, M. L C., promising to intervene
wi th the Government. for settlement
between the Government and the Sikh. 129-131
69 . 16.9.24 Risaldar Sundar Singh and seven others
asking the Sikh councillors to prepare
Gurdwara Bill wit h the co-operation of
sympathetic friends-Bill may be
accepted even if the Government does
not agree to relense Akali prisoners
before th. passage of the Bill, etc_ 131-34
70. 4.10.24 SirSardar Jogendra Singh to S . Arjan
Singh, mentioning points for decision 134
 xlii
71. 23. tl.24 Bhai Jodb Singh to Secy . Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. reo
garding interviews with Mr. Emerson 134.35
72. 24. 11.24 Secretary Shiromani Gurdwnrn.
Parbandhak Committee to Secretary
Sikh Council Party (Bhai .Todh Singh).
stating no objection to preparing
Gurdwara Bill 135
73. 2611.24 Bhai Jodh Singh to Sardar Maogai Singh
regarding the first meeting for Bill on
Nov. 29. 1924 13536
74. 26. 11.24 Bhai Jodh Singh to Mr. Emerson. Deputy
Commr., Lahore, regarding discussion of
the proposed Bill 13637
75. 10.12.24 Mr. Emerson to Bhai Jodh Singh seoding
a printed copy of the draft Bill 137
76. Dec. 24 S. Mehtab Singh and 23 other. in Lahore
fort to Secretary. Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee. giving full
authority to members outside to decide
matters without consulting them as they
could not arrive at unanimous decisions
on account of mutual differences 13839
77. Sohan Singh Chctanpuri and five others
in Lahore fort t o Secretary. Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandbak Committee.
insisting on the release of prisoners before
the bill-modifications suggested 13942
78. 20.12.24 Tejl> Singb Chuharkana to Secretary.
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandllak
Committee, against a.cceptance of
proposed Bill and dropping of Nabh..
question 14244
 xliii

79 . 20.12.24 TIhai. Jodh Singh to :lfr. F.merson-

desirability of retaining the name of
Shiromani Gurdwara Parb.ndhak
Committee-meeting of illside and
out.side members fur discuasion of Bill 14445
80. 22. 12.2-1 Mr. H.W . Emerson to TIbai Judh :>ingh-
asked for t he names of the outside
members to meet the inside ones-not
agreeing to the name Shiromani
Gurdwaro. Parba ndhak Commi t tee 1454.6
81. 23.12.2-l Mr. Emerson to Bhai Jodh Singh-regrets
jnability to gra llt permission to outside
memoers to see those inside Lahore fort 14.6
82. 27.12.24 llhni Jodh Singh to Sikh eouneillors-
invi ting them for discussion of Bill on
December 29, wi. h those inside the fort 147
83 . 1.1.25 Bhai Jodh Singh t o Mr. Emerson asking
for jnterview witll the Governor, Punjab 147
S4. 2. 1.25 Mr. ~:merson to Bhai .rodh Singh insisting
on preliminary agreement on dropping of
the name 'Rhiro nuHli Gurdwnra
Parbandhak Committee' 148
85. ().U5 nlta i J odh Singlt to Mr. Emerson asking
for .. l1mving the Central Board to choose
its own name- the name Shiromani
Gurdwara P ",riJnndhak Committee could
be dropped 14 849
86. 9.1.25 Bltai Jodh Singh t o Mr. Craik to construe
the move of Sikhs for settlement with
Government in true light 149
87. 14.1.25 Mr. Emerson t o Bhai .Todh Singh
informing him that his letter of January
9 w as llnder consideration of Govt. 1.49
 xliv
88. 15.2.25 Bhai Jodh Singh to Mr. Emerson-Jlill
should be considered during Budget
session-asked for permission for
Shiromani Gurdwara Parb. ndhak
Committee to consult members in
various jails 150
89. 10.3.25 Secy., Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee, to Secy. Sikh Council Party
to put Tara Singh MLC in charge of Bill 150
90. 29.3.25 Secy. Sikh Council Party, Bhai Jodh
Singh, to Secy. Shiromani Gurdwara
P,,,bandhak Committee sending a copy
of Draft Gurdwara Bill for consideration
oflawyer members of Sub-Committee 151
91. 3.4. 25 Mr. Craik to Bhai Jodh Singh-interview
of Bill Drafting Sub-Committee with the
Governor on April 6 151
92. Part of a representation of Chief Khalsa
Diwan regarding proposed Gurdwara
Bill 152-54
93. 7.4.25 Bhai J odh Singh-meeting of sub-
committee for discuasion of Bill on
April 10 154-55
94. 10.4.25 Proceedings of sub-committee-resolved
that S. Narain Singh be in charge of the
Bill-Tara Singh's dissent-threat to
resign 15556
95. 10.4.2-4 Bhai J odb Singh, Secretary Sikh Council
Party, to Mr Craik, informing him that
Tara Singb ~n.C would be in charge of
the Bm 156
96. 27/28 6.25 Mr. C.G. Beazley to Tara Singh MLC
asking for material on the history and
 xlv
circumstanoos of Shl1bidganj Gurdwara
at Lahare 156
97. 29.6 .25 Tara Singh MLC to Master nanlat Singh,
Secy., Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee, a.sking for material on
Shahidganj Gurdwara, Lahore 157
98. Purport of Mr. Petm..n's interview with
the Governor, regarding proposed
Gurd wara Bill 157 -58
99 . 14.7.2;; Assurance of six members of Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee t o
Tara Singh and Jodb Singh, MLCs, that
if Govt. agreed to release Akali prisoners
without individual undertaking, they
would have tbe Shiromani Gurdwara
P ..rbandhak Committee pass resolution
for working the Bill 158-59
100. 12/19.1.25 Extracts from S.B. Mehtab Singh'. diary 159-63
101. 17.7.25 Riaald"r Sunda.. Singh to S. B. Mehtab
Singb accusing S. Mangal Singh and his
companions for bre .. ch of secrecy 163
102. Objection and observation. of S. Bhog
Singh Vakil regarding proposed Bi1l 163-65
103. 25.7.25 Statement of 19 members of Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee under
the signatures of Teja Singh Samundri 166-69
104. 4.8.25 (From inside the fort) to Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
outside-why delay in passing resolution
for working the Bill-correct information
asked for about creation of two parties,
one for and one against working of BilI-
 xlvi

breach of trust to insist on release of

other Akalis 169-70
iO.). Resolutions of W.C. for sending of Jatha
to Jaito-jatha should reach on July 21
- Bhai .Jodl! Singh and three other MLCs
to make necessary arrangements for
jatha in consultation with Administrator,
Nabha-unconditional release of
prjsoners 170-71
Wo . 20.R.2!i Resolution of \Vorking Cmnmittee of
Shiromani Gur(lwara Parbandhak
Committee 171 72
107. Maharaja of Nabha.'s letter to Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandha:k Committee
regarding working of Bill and dropping
of )l'abha question 17274
108. Daya Kishan Kaul, Prime Minister,
Patiala, to Col St. John sending a Note
on t]Je sen'icc8 of Patialu. in combating
SikJl agitation and AkaH movement 174-75

100. Note on the Services rendered by Patiala

in combating Sikh Agitation and Akali
Movement 175-89
110. Confidential note of Home ::\iinister,
Patiala, LiatJat-Hayat Khan, to H. R.
Maharaja Bhupendra Singh of Patiala on
Political Agitation in Patiala State and
recommendjng certain persons for reward
for cOl1spicious service to the Patiala
Government 18992
111. 22.9.25 Telegram from S. Arjan Singh suspending
Morcha at Bhai Pheru 193
 xlvii

\12. 26 .9.25 S. Teia Singh Ghawind to .l athedar No",1

Singh to accept the suspens ion of Bhn i
Phe'll ~lorcha by S. Arjan Singh and not
to launch any separate morch.. 193-9~

113. 5 ,1.26 Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak

Committee comminique No. 39 expressing
its neutrality regarding the appointment
of ministers by Government 194-95
1l4. 21.2.26 Resignation of S. Mehtab Singh,
President Shiromani Gurd wara
Parbandhak Committee (rejected by
W.C. on 22.2. 1926) 195-96
115. 26.2.26 S . Mangal Singh'. statement stopping
party propaganda in Akali newspapers 196
116. 13.3.2R AI.hindar Singh Sidhwan, Geneml
Secretary, Shiroma.ni Gurdw(lrn
Parbandltak Committee, to the Provo
Congo Com. , Lahore, Rsking for payment
of Ro. 14000/- (Akali Prisoners' Relief
Fund) 191
117. 13,326 Mahindar Singh Sidhwan , General
Secretary, Shiromani Gurdwara.
Parbandhak Committee, requesting Teja
Singh Samundri to write t o S, Maghar
Singh LyaUpuri and Baba K eltar Sing.h
to pay back the Shiromani Gurdwa ra
Parbanrlhak Committee money deposited
with them 197-98
llS. 15.4.26 Tara Singh, MLC, Mog.. , to General Secy.,
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee, asking to be a.ppointed
Shiromani Gnrdwara l'arbanrlhak
Committee lawyer on R s. 1000/. p . m.
 xlviii
and asking for allowances of Rs. 500/-
p.m. in the meantime 19899
119. 19.4.26 Mahinder Singh Sidhwan, General
Secretary, Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee, to Mangal Singh
Aka1i, regarding the attitude of AkaIi
Party, general election and Akali
prisoners 199-200
120. 28.4.26 Mangal flingh Akali to General Secretary,
Shiromani Gnrdwara Parbandhak
Committee, regarding election and Akali
prisoners 200-03
121. 29.4.26 Assistant Manager, .Junam Asthan
Gurdwara, Nankana Sahib, to Secretary
Law Deptt.) Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee, informing him
about the Mahant party collecting Rs.
OOO/- for payment as a bribe to the
Magistrate trying cases under section 145 203-04
122. 6,5,26 Bardar Mehtab Singh's interview with
the Chief ~ecretnry to the Panjab Govt.,
regarding (i) Kallar and Kahuta schools,
(ii) double fine realized from 3 men of
Chak No. 63 Jhang Branch. (iii) confisca-
tion of the property of Charan Singh of
Tehsil Fateh-jang, Distt. Campbellpore,
(iv) arre,ts for offences before the Bill
was passed, (v) interview of S. Randhir
Singh of Kalaswala with the Education
Minister about Kallar school 204-06
123. DanIat Singh, Secretary, Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, to
Maharaja of Nabha, enquiring if he
would agree to be nominated to the
 :xlix

Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak

Committee 20607
124. 2!.5.26 Reminder of the above 207
125. 27.5.26 l?rof. Teja Singh to Secretary, Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee,
Bending a copy of the statement issued
by S. Narain Sin?h Vakil and himself 20708
126. 27.5.26 Statcment of the above asking the
parties (i) to postponc election, (ii) to
suspend party agitation and (iii) to
suspend propaganda for 8arbat Khalsa
Conference 208
127. 27.5 .2G Prof. Teja Singh's telegram regarding the
above 209
128. 15.6.26 (No. H) The Deputy Commissioner,
Amritsar, to Secretary. Shromani
Qurd\vara. Parbandhak Committee,
Amritsar, thanking for the promise not to
send jathas to Rawalpindi scene of riots,
situation being well in hand 209-10
129. 18.6.26 General Secretary, Shiromani Gurdwara
parhandhak Committee, to D.C. Amritsar,
informing him that Shiromani Gurdwara
Parhandhak Committee wished to send
only medical aid and not any jathas to
Rawalpindi-dropped 210
130. 26.6.26 Thakur Singh, General Secretary, Akali
Dal. to Secy., Gargajj Diwan an d Central
Majha Diwan , asking them no t to at tack
Akal Takht for its possession 21011
13 I. 7.7 .26 Shiromani Gurdwara Parhandhak
Committee Press communique regarding
Sir .Tohn Maynard's speech about release
o( Akali prisoners 211-13
132. 5.8.20 President and General Secretary,
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee, to Jathedar (Baba) Khorak
Singh (in jail) requesting him to sign
certain documents about fixed deposits of
the Shiromani Gurdwara P.rbandhnk
Committee 213
133. Agr.ement between Hindus and Sikhs
regarding Bhai Pheru 21314
134. Undertaking given to Shiromani
Gurdwara. Parbandhak Committee by
Sikh candidates before their election a.
MLC. 214
135. 4.2.26 Sardar Mehtab Singh to Private Secy. to
H. H . Maharaja of Patiala seeking
interview with H.H. 215
136. 16,2.26 Report (ail'ned on 26.2.26) of interview
of the representatives of Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee with
H. R. Maharaja Bhupendra Singh of
Pati.la on 16.2.26 215-18
137. 17.2.26 Farman of H.H. Maharaja Bahadur of
Pati ..la regarding the release of prisoners
-copy to Sardar Bahadur Mehtab Singh,
President, Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee 211l
138. 17.2.26 List of Akali prisoners ordered by R.H.
to be released , omitted-See under 189 304
139. 2.3.2fi Priva te Secretary to H.R. Patia} .. to
Gen. Secretary. Shiromani Gurdw..r&
Parb.. ndhak Committee, fixing March 29,
1926, for interview of S.B. Mehtab Singh 21920
 Ii
140. 19.3.26 Genera! Secretary Shiro man; Gurd wara.
Pl1rbandhak Committee to Pte. Secy.
P atia!a requesting for another date for
interview 220
141. 27.3.26 Pte. Secy. Patia.la to General Secretary.
Shiromani Gurdwara. Parbandhak
Committee. fixing April 4 or 5 for
interview 22 1
142. 1.4.26 General Secretary Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Corrunittee to Private Secy.
Patial ... accepting April 5 for interview 221-22
143. 20.2.26 Sardar Arbel Singh. Kapurthala. to
Sardar Ba hadur Mehta b Singh. President.
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee, informing date of interview
with Maharaja of K.purthala. March 4.
1926 222
144 . 25.226 General Secretary to Prof Arbel Singh.
Kapurthala. giving names of persons
going for interview 223
145. 13.426 D . O. from Sardar ATbel Singh to S. B .
Mehtab Singh -decision about ... on or
about 17th L\pril 223
146. 22.3 .:26 General Secretary. Shiromani Gurdwara
Parba ndha.k Committee, to Prof. Arbol
Si ngh, aending letters for H . H . and
Diwan Sahib for contribution to
Gurdwara Defence Fund 223-24
147. 22.3 .26 Sardar Kart .. r Singh D iwana . President
Shiromani Gurdwarn. Parba.ndhak
Committee. t'l K.B. Diwan Abdul H"mid
Khan, Chief ;iinister. KapurthaJa,
requesting him to secure from H. H .
contribution to Gurd war. Defence Fund 224
 Iii

148. 22.3.26 Bardar Kartar Singh Diwana to H. H

Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Knpurtlta la
for contribution to Gurdwaora Defence
]<'und 224-25
149. 13.2.26 S.B. Mehta!> Singh, President, Shiromani
Gurdwara Pllrbandhak Committee, to S.B.
Indar Singh, Faridkot State, ask ing for
date and time for interview 225
150. 21.2.26 S.B. Indar Singh, Faridkot State, to S.B.
Mehtab Singh, President, Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee,
expressing inability to invite Shiroroani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Commi ttee
deputation to Faridkot State 22G
151. 25.3.26 President, Shiromani Gurdwaru
Parbandh.k Committee, to President.
Faridkot State, informing him that the
Shiromani Gurdwara Purbandhak
Committe representatives desired to' see
him regarding Akali prisoners In
Faridkot jail 226-~7

152. 1.1l.30 Nasir-ud-Din, Manager, Muslim Cloth

House, Lahore, to President Shiromani
Gurdwara Paibandhak Committee,
Amritsar, promising not to sell foreign
cloth after November 16, and to abide
by the wishes of the Shiromani Gurdwara
Parba ndhak Committee 227
153. 13.3.34. Master Tara Singh to Master Kishan
Singh of Kapurthala asking him to be at
Pati"la to help him in Patinl .. Inquiry
against the 'devil of Patial,,' 227
154. Copy of Entry No. 86, in the J agir
Register pertaining to Shahidgani,
Lahore district. Ommitted
 liii
105. Sta.tement of Giani Nu.ranjatl Singh
regarding Jaito Morcha recorded by
Giani Nahar Singh on Aprill5, IU37 22834
Letters from Inside the Lahore Fort
156. Information from Prof. Teja Singh:
(i) Raja Singb's interview with Mahamja
Nabha-be said he had signed the letter
to Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandh.k
Committee under pressure from Bawa
Harkishan Singh in the name of .the
nation and Akal Takht
(ii) No satisfactory reply as to how the
Nabha agitation was religious
(iii) S. Amar Singh Jhabbal resigned thinking
that a grave mistake had been made in
taking up the Kabha question
(iv) Master Sundar Singh Lyallpuri thought
Nabha question should be transferred to
Sikh Len guo otherwise he would agitate
against it 23738
157 . Sardar Gurbakhsh Singh of Sialkot given
a letter by the ll. C. to Mr. L"ngley,
Commissioner of the Division, regarding
settlement of Jaito Morcha 13839
L58. Observations and instructio.ns of Aka.li
leaders inside the Lahore fort that the
13th jatha to Juito should remain
perfectly nonviolent, following the
programDle of the previous jathas 239-40
159. (v) Instructions from leaders inside Lahore
fort about the jatha of the Sudh&r
Committee
 Jiv

(ii) Hindu and Muslim councillors be

approached for help through Pandit
Madan Mohan !l!alaviya and Dr. Kitchlew
(iii) Pressure be exerted on the Government
by strengthening the movement
(iv) Support of the public through public
meetings should be secured for the bill
when presented-Sardar Gnrdit Singh,
their co-accused should be helped from
Akali Prisoners Relief Fund 2~O-i3

, 60. (i) Statement of IlliJitary officers should be

given widest publicity

(ii) Refer to General Committee resolution of

the 16th or 26th August, 1922, regarding
settlement with Mahant Kirparam
(iii) The question of the Gurdwara Bill should
be kept secret

(iv) Differences among the Akali leaders

inside L.hore fort regarding Nabha
question
(v) Correspondence should be sent to Lahore
fort in sealed covers 243-45
, 61. (i) The l,ropaganda of Zail committ ees
shou1<l be countoracted
(iil Aka li Sabaik Board should be rovived
(iii) No pretence should be provided to
authorities to be violent
(v, vi) Anti-Akali people should be exposed
through publicity
(vii) Enquiry into Kohat incident should he
made 245-48
 Iv

162. Efforts regarding Gurdwara BiIl-

cooperation and help of Hindu members
should be sought through Pandit Madan
Mohan Mal.viya 2485 1
163. Suggeations regarding Gurdwara :Bill with
co.operation of Hindus-appoinLment of
regency at Nabha ~5l

164. Weak financial position - Raizada

unwilling to contin.ue as a defence
council in the absence of payment-
propaganda of Akali newspapers against
Chief Khalsa Diwan harmful-shoul<l be
stopped 25153
165. Chief Khalsa Diwan-Sikh League-
should be no ob jection to moderate
Sikhs' deputation going to Govemment-
deputation of the Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee and the Akali
Dal might also wait upon the authorities
a.fter sa.tisfactory comprimise-
Co.operation of Hindus absolutely
necessary with the Bill 25357
l66. Attitude towards Zail committeea-
vigorous agitation suggested against the
appointment of Receiver at Nankana.
Sahib-Pandit Malaviya and the co
operation of Panjab Hindns-Malaviy"
said that the Sikh case was very strong
and he was in favour of defending it-
language of the Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee communiques
was at times very objectionable-que,tion
of funds, etc. 257 61
 Ivi
167. Allegabions againsb the 10th jatha should
be enquired into -there should be nO
speeches during the tour of the Jabhas-
the Bande Matram should be helped ,i n
it. defence-repression at Bhai Pheru. etc.
261-64
168 . Maharaja of Nabha to issue sbatement
..boub the involuntary nature of Iris
abdiction-talks with Mahatma Gandhi
regarding Nabha-Nabha question should
not be made life and death question-
Mr. Das should be requested t o help our
cauae in England 264-67
IU9_ Enquiry regarding the apology of
Jathedar Partap Singh and Ishar
Singh-enquiry about Sewak Jatha
Jullundur-Negotiations File
170_ The policy of the Hindustan should be
neutral-Mr. Das be requested to enlighten
British public about our cause-some
our mall should go to England- Rela-
t ions ofShiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee and Aka Ii Dal not happy-
sboold be improved-to enquire about
Raj .. Singh or Arjan Singh approaching
Sardar Sundar Singh Majithia for con-
ciliation with Government-Baha Kehar
Singb 'a talk with Sardar Sundar Singh
Majithia-financial position of Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 268 71
171- 'fo enquire about 400 roen of Shahidi
Jatha having apologized-interviews in
Nabha jails-Sani Didar Singh was
not given any message for D.D. friend-
 Ivii

celebration of 14th Sept. day-Sardar

,Togendra Singh's message through Sardo,
Narain Singh-Draft of Bill with
llllanimous consent of W.C.-Mn.laviyaji
to be approached-wishing Bill be
presented in Council by Hindus 271-73
172. Money in banks-new cause for a morcha.
at Nankana or Guru ka Bagh-Sardar
Jogcndra Singh and Council of State in
England-Pandit Malaviya to be
approached-nomination for a substitute
to W.C,-Sardar Samp Singb's work-
appeal for funds 273-76
173. Arrangements for money from banks-
Nankana Sahib case-treatment to Teja
Singh Bhuchar-Five-anna appeal-
~fahatma Gandhi be approached for
help in funds-Pandori Gol,. and
Kaleran-Sant Didar Singh and funds
case I-Inform lIIalaviya and Nehru
abont treatmenet in Nabha jails 276-79
174. Leaders inside the fort send views with
the consent of majority_ee letter of
Risaldar and others 279-80
175. Sh..hidi latha should go as seheduled-
dilferences about views sent by leaders
from Lahore fort-So Mangal Singh,
Amar Singh Jhabbal-Khalsa College
agitation to be suspended -advice, not
to lose heart 28082
176. Complaint by outside workers about
unnecessary interference by leaders inside
the fort-So Mangal Singh and Amar
Singh Jh"bbal 282-83
 lviii

177. S. Ma.ngal Singh be sent to Malaviyaj i at

Simla to apprise him of true situation-
Bhai J odh Singh and Sardar Sundar
Singh-Bhai Jodh Singh to be taken in
confidenee-revised draft regarding D.D.
friend 's letter-Line of argument with
Maharaja of Nabha 283-86
178. Mr. Petman and compromise with Govt. 286
179. S. Mehtab Singh's letter to Mr. Patman 286-88
180. Intention of GO\-t. regarding the BilI-
not much opposition by Hindus and
Muslims-fear of indirect opposition
from Mian Fazl-i-Husain-Dr. KitchJew
be approached 288

181. Letters of S.B. Mehtab Singh-cause of

W.O. not passing resolution to work the
Bill-Teja Singh's views, not
destructive 288-89
182. Opinions regarding the working of the
Bill-relea.se of prisoners issue-Sir
Malcolm Hailey a clever and firm man 289-92

183. J"tha from America-appointment of

Receiver 9t Nankana Sahib-no false
news be published-their harmful effect
-Bill and Hindus-meeting at Delhi
regarding Hindu-lluslim riots 293-96

184. Preparation for a morcha. a.t Nankana

Sahib or Guru ka Bagh-reasons and
a.dvantages-accounts Buit- deposit-
money in banks 296-98

185. Nabha-suggestion regarding Council of

Administration 29899
 Ii>:

186. S. Gulab Singh's intention-suggestion for

a Committee of Conciliation-S. Jogendra
Singh's move for a. Concilia.tion Doard-
Pandit Malaviya and Nehru-S. Mangal
Singh should go to Simla-receiver at
Nankana Sahib-D. D. Sajjan to Sardar
Mehtab Singh 299301
187. Representation to Udasis in Shiromani
Gurdwara Parbandbak Committee to be
encouraged-direct separa.te representa-
tion for Namdharis would be dangerous
-forum for arbitration a=ptable to
Hind us and Sikhs 30203
188. 30.8.23 D.O. No. 770 from Mr. C.M.G. Ogilvie,
Administrator of Nabha State, to H.D.
Craik, I.e.S.-mere enquiry about
Namdhari right to forest land in Nabha
-they had no deed of gift-matter not
urgent (see No. 13) 303
189. 17.2.26 List of Akali prisoners in Patiala jails
ordered to be released by RH. Maharaja
Bhupendra Singh-omitted under 138
(see No. 137) 304
190. 9.1922 Statement of Maulan.. Kifayatu\lah
giving an eyewitne.s account of the
beating of the Akali Sikhs by the police
at Guru ka Bagh
191. 25.9.1922 Prof. Ruehi Ram Sahni to Mr. A. W.
Mercer, D.LG. Police. Amritsar, regarding 30708
robbing of the publie by police during
Guru ka Bag Morcha
192. 28.6.1934 Master Tara Singh to Sir Sardar Sundar
Singh Majithia, apologizing for his
improper writings against the Sardar 30809
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
v
II vIII
Political Agitators In 1917 viii
Treaty Rights of the Indian Ruling Princes X
The Darbar Sahib Keys Agitation x
Guru ka Bagh Affair xl
Repression In Native States xii
Kooka Opposition to the Akall Movement xII
Abdication of the Maharaja of Nabha xiv
Council of Administration for Nabha xv
Jaito Morch. xvi
Arrest of Akali Leaders xvi
Mahatma Gandhi's Letters xvii
The Blrdwood Committee xix
Gurdwara Act, 1925 xxi
The N.bh. Question xxiv
Services of the Patlala State to Government xxiv
Allowances to Newspapermen xxv
Chief Khalsa Diwan and the Khalsa COllege, Amrltsar xxv
Morcha at Bhal Pheru xxvi
The Sikh Sudhar and Zail Committees xxvII
Release of Prisoners In Patlala State xxvII
Other Sikh States xxviii
Proposal for the Appointment of a Rece iver at
Nankana Sahib xxviII
Financial Difficulties of the Shlromanl Gurdwara
Parbandh.k Committee XXvIII
Differences between Akall Leaders xxix
 \xii
Riots In Rawalpindi xxx
Representation to Udasls and Namdharls ~on the
Shiromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee xxx
Other Points WXD
A Select Blbl iography xxxiii
list of Abbreviations used In th e Text xxxv
lis t of Documents Included xxxvii
Some Confidential Papers of the Akali Movement
No. I to 192-the actual documents 1-309
Errata 311
Index 315

ILLUSTRATIONS
H.D. Cralk's letter to C. M.G. Ogilvie, August 2, 1923,
regarding Kooka, II
Mahatma Gandhi's letter, d, ted Poona, March 9, 19204,
to Akali Leaders 55
Maulana Muhammad Klfayatullah's statement regarding
Guru-ka-Bagh, September 1932 305
Master Tara Singh's letter to Sir Sundar Singh Majlthla,
dated Rangoon, June 28, 1934 309
SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS
of the
AKALI MOVEMENT
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS
of the
AKALl MOVEMENT

1
Confidential

No. 963 D. 613.

Patiala
Dated 6th December 1917.
Dear Sir,

enclose a printed copy of the list of the agitators in the

Punjab for the use of the Duroar and request that precautions may
be taken to keep the list strlcely confidential, and that the contents
may not be disclosed to any official below the rank of Inspector
General of Police. Telegrams regarding the agitators shOldd refer
to them by numbers not by names.
Yours Incerely
Sd. l.M. Crump
To
Pandlt Shri Krishna Joshi
Foreign Minister,
Nabha tate, Nabha.

H. H's order Dated 22.12.17.

A typed copy of the list may be sent to the Chief of the
Police.
D.M . Narsinga Rao
27.{12
(Foreign Minister)
2 SOME CONFIDENl' I AL P.~PERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

2
Secret
Revised list of Prominent Agitators in the Punjab whose movements
.hould be reported
The Sub-joined rev ised II" .hows the names of the moot
prominent political Agita[Qrs in the Punjab on whose movements
Superintendents of Police are requested to keep a close watch_
In the event of an agitator leaving one dl"rlct for another,
the officer whose dl"rict he leave. should at once communicate by
ordinary telegram with the Superintendent of Police of which district
such agitator is about to enter. In communicating the Information the
name of the Individual should not be mentioned the agitator's number
on the list with the name of the province added, being all that
I. required, e. g. :-
"Number One, Punjab left for Amrltsar tOday".
The ordinary channel for reporting the movements of agitators
will be the weekly cofidentlal diary, but Superintendents will use
their discret ion in communicating with the Special branch by letter
or wire, as may be cons idered necessary. When an agitator leaves
the Punjab for another province, the Special branch must Invariably
be informed by wire.
The District and Railway police should co-operate
with each other in giving information and watching the
movementS of t hese men. The movements of political agitators
of other prevince, who visit the Punjab will be similarly reported.
Whenever an individual, whose name is included in
the list of active poiitical agitators published In the secret
police abstract, returns to his usual place of residence
after an absence, the fact should be reported to this office
by the Superintendent of Police in whose Jurisdiction he resides.
N. B. The list does not purport to give the names of
all agitators in province, and does not relieve Superintendents of
police of the necessities of watching other individuals whose
movements, It is considered necessary or desirable to report.
S. No. Name and Resident of Last reference, where last reported, with date,
Profession. In abstract.
2 3 -'I 5
I. Satya Dev Ludhlana Abstract for 1915. Monghyr (Bihar and
Para 10044. Orissa) . on 5th May 1917.
2. Anand Kishore Lahore Abstract for 1916 Interned at Chubara In
Mehta Para 1634. the Muzaff.rgarh District
3. Hanhand Singh Chak No. 220 R.B. Current abstract p.ra 426. Lahore. 19th M.y. 1917.
Lyalpur
4. Jagan Nath Sehgal Lahore Abstract for 1915 Interned at Pakhmlan, In
para 23M. tne Multan Distirct.
5. Mangal Singh Kuka Originall y of F.tuhl Current abstract para GU Jranwala, 10th Feb .
Chak Gurdaspore 1-'10. 1917.
and now 'of
Dogranwala
Gujranwala
6. Dr. Hari Nath Ambala Current abstract para Ambala, 5th May . 1917.
Mukerjee 399.
7. Ch : Khuda Dad Sialkot Abstract for 1915 para. lahore, 10th April . 1915.
Khan Jessar 1582.
8. Zafar All Karma Bad Current abstract para Simla, 10 june. 1917.
Gujranw~la 417.
9. Tej. Singh . M.A. Gujranwala Current abstract para Rawalp indi, 2nd june
484. 1917.
10. Shiekh Mohd. Tarn Taran Amrltsar Abstract for 1913 P.ra In j.il.
Arjmand 1418. Contd.
 II. Kidar Nath Sehgal Lahore Abstract for 1915 p.ra Interned at Pakh l Mlan.
3258. Multan.
12. Plndi Dass GUjranwala Current abstract .para 88. Interned In Jandawala.
Mlanwali.
13. Zla-ul-Haq Hapur. Meerut Current abstract para Ferozepore. 26th May.
Dlstt : U P 458. 1917.
14. Maulvi Abdullah Sialkot Current abstract para Kabul. 18th Feb. 1916.
469.
15. Nihal Singh Nlhang Koharka Amrltsar Amrltsar for 1916 para Interned at Allpore.
913. Muzaffargarh district.
16. Lal Chand Falak Lahore Current abstract para Under trial In a
401. conspiracy case Lahore.
Note :-The above list of agltatotrs is revised upto the 31 st .M.y. 1917 .nd supersedes all previous
lists. W ill Superintendents of Pollee. Pun jab 11 Special Branches and D.C.1. please note 1 (S.B. Punjab)
 SOME CON FIT)ENTlAL PAPERS OF THE .~K.~LI MOV EMENT 5

3
Copy of Digest of proceedings of the Informal meeting
held in the Council Room at Viceregal Lodge on the 4th and 5th
February. 1918.
His Excellency the Viceroy said. at the outS([. that the
conference was not intended to arrive at any final and binding
decisions. It was proposed to consider and perhaps to revise the
proposals which had been put forward . and to discuss new suggestions
frankly .nd freely.
Draft Scheme prepared by the Ruling princes.
Each clause of the draft scheme was then discussed separately.
I: Treaty Rights. Dignity and Honours. priVileges and
prerogatives of the Ruling prince and Chiefs of India. H Is Excellency
stated .,thot : It was the Intention of the Government of India to
maintain Intact and safeguard strictly the Treaty Rights and
prerogatives of the ruling princes. In reply to an enqUiry as to
whether any specific cases could be mentioned at the moment. the
Ruling princes were apprehensive as to what might happen in the
future. They wished to make sure that the fulfilment of the
Treaties should not depend on the personal good-w ill of high officers
Some states also contended that Treaty Rights were not conceded.
because Individual Ruling Chiefs were not permitted to exercise the
powers which belong to them by right to Treaty.
His Excellency the Viceroy stated that postponement of further
discussion of the point might enable some concrete instances ot
disregard of Treaty r ights to be brought to notice before the next
conference . It did not, of course. follow that any such instances
brought to notice would be admitted by the Government of India
to have Involved a breach of faith. but they would be carefully and
sympathetlcally.crultlnised.
G SOME CO NFIDENTIAL P APRS OF T HE AKALI MOVEME NT

4
Copy of a Confidential letter No. 205. C.A. dated the 12th
April. 1918. from the POlitic.1 Agent. Phulklan States to Pandit
Sri Krishana Joshi . Foreign Min ister . Nabha State . Nabha.

I am directed to forward for reference a copy of Head I

"Treaty Rights. Dignity and Honours , privileges and prerogatives
of ruling prince and Chiefs of India" the proceedings of the Informal
meetings held at viceregal Lodge Delhi , on the 4th and 5th
February, 1918.
2. Some of the ruling princes present at the discussion were
eVidently of opinion that the rights secured to states by Treaties .
Sanads and Engagements had not, In practice, been fully observed by
Government. They were unable at the moment to quote
speCific instances of disregard of undertakings, but since allegations
of the nature denote the existance of uneasiness and dissat Isfaction,
the Government of India regard it as desirable that the matter
should be fully enqUired Into.
3. I am accordingly to ask whether the Darbar desire to bring
ta notice any cases in which they consider that there has been a
failure to fulfil pledges given by the British Government. I am to
explain that at the present stage nothing more Is reqUired than the
briefest possible statement of the nature of each complaint. If any .
since it Is the intentian of the Government of India to offer later
full apportunity for detailed representation if this Is desired. It is
obvious that no useful purpose would be served by raking up
ancient history and disinterlng forgotten d isputes in this conr.ectlon .
and representation should . therefore, be confined to matters which
constitute a grievance at the present moment. I am to ask that I
may be favoured with a reply before the end of July. If na reply Is
received by that date, it will be assumed that the Durbar does not
des ire to reply.
 SOME CO NF IDE NTI AL P APE RS OF THE AKALr MOVE,IENT 7

5
Confidential No. 237
Urgent Nabh Dated 17th April. 1918.

Dear Sir ,
His Highness the Maharaja Sahib M.lvlndr. Bahadur is pleased
to direct that the instances in which rights secured to this State by
the Treaties. Sanads and Engagements had not. In practice. been fully
observed by Government should be collected forthw ith by reference
to past records. With the aid of memory and other devices. This
investigation should cover the entire period, viz .. from the dates of
Treaties. Sanads and Engagements up to the present time. Fr this
purpose His Highness directs the formation of a committee
comprising the following as members :-

I. Sardar Hazura Si ngh

2. lala Tipper Chand
3. lala Salig Ram Verma
4. Pandlt Sri Krishna Joshi

The Foreign Hinister will act as the convenor. The

Comm ittee should perpare an exhaustive list of cases in which they
consider that there has been a failure to fulfil pledges given by the
British Government to this State.
The list together with a report should be su bmitted by the
Commi ttee for the consideration of His Highness on or before the
15th May 1918.
The matter should be treated as Secret and Urgent.

Yours Sincerely
Sd/- D.H.Narasinga Rao
Chief Secretary to His Hlg hne"
To
Pandlt Sri Krishna Josh i.
Foreign Minister.
8 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALJ MOVEMENT

6
Nabha,
24th May, 1918.
Your Highness,
In compliance with your Highness' order conveyed In the
Chief Secretary's confidential memorandum No. 237, dated 17th
April, 1918, we beg to bring to your Highness' notice the following
cases in which we think that Treaties, Sanads and Engagements have
not been fully observed by Government.
( I) Interference In matters relating to Imperial Service
troops.
(Ii) Requiring agreements ceding jurisdiction over areas under
railways in a form not approved by the Darbar and declaring
the state's rights of sovereignty secured under the Punjab
Government's letter No. 552 dated 24th July, 1899, as
only nominal sovereignty.
(iii) Enforcement of the Arms Act in lands brought under
railway.
(iv) Agreements required from the State to furnish Statistics
relati ng to the State.
(v) Interference with excise administration of the State, e.g..
requiring the prohibition of the sale of boiled opium.
limiting the supply of hili opium and laterly asking the
state to prohibit the Import of such opium altogether.
(vi} Requiring the extradition of Mohammad Hussain
Thanedar In disregard of the Darbar's representation.
(vii) Cases of Mohru and Gopal.
(Viii) Refusal to surrender subject of the State, e.g .. Shlvdev
Singh.
(ix) Assigning of symbolic meanings to articles presented by
Governments on the occasion of installation:
(x) Insisting on the occasion of succession upon a fresh
bestowfl or confirmation of the rights of sovereignty
naturally vested in the heir to the State.
 SOM E CONFIDEN TIA L PAPE RS OF THE AKALI MO VE~mN T 9

(xl) Defects In procedure on occasions of the reception of the

rulers.
(xii) Entertaining complaints from the subjects. Muafidars.
Jagirdars. and dependants of the State contrary to the
provision of the San ads of 5th May 1860.
(xiii) Harbouring and encouraging servants and deserters from
the State. e.g. Bhal Kahan Singh. Sardars Bakhshlsh
Singh and Shivdev Singh.
(xlv) Establishment of the ollice of a political agent in the capital
of one of the Phulkian States.
(xv) Interference in the case of the Shadi Fund.
(xvi) Interference in the Internal aff.irs of the State. e.g . in
the case of S. Jawala Singh 's deposit.
(xvii) Taking unauthorised possession of State lands by the
Canal Department . e.g . in the Dadahur case and other
c>ses referred to in letter No. dated to
the Political Agent.
(xviii) Interference in the matter of the Inslgnis of the State.
(xiX) Insisting upon uhe countersignature of the Political Agent
on the passes fornamp drugs.
(xx) D'lmand of Guarrantees from the State In regard to future
action.
(xxi) Insisting upon the personal attendance of the Ruler of the
State to discuss matter in which he had delegated
representative to whom reception was denied.
Such files In support of the above instances as Were found
in the Foreign Office are submitted and notes have been
attached to each fife referring to the important letters in
which complaints were made.
Your Highness'
Humble servants
II> SOME CON FIDE NTIAL P APERS OF THE AK ,\LI MOVEMENT

7
n
9g fJJ ~lfuqr~ ill 011 ,,3<1 I
~,,30 l:!.HCl qro~QT UO>lQOI OIHel '!! >i!flJ."l1O'
Page 23 of the Proceeding book
R.es. No.2 dated 27th August. 1921.
(,,) fE<J OIilel H~<1 m:a1al ~'H!!i fH"t! H"lltl i ti fR" QO'H "3
O[a~~'fa"li "3 ,!TN .:i 0''1 ':10' ~o(H f.:ie1 ~ fa ~<J "ll ~ 0[~<:"'1
111:l'a B llotii;:m ti lit! tit! ~ ~'m,i ~l"l; i/'1!al"li t.t Be I
8
8. II. 21.
e 'tla ti fEil1iJ3 Hail OIE11
3'0 t 3a1a ~ OIEl
Keys 01 Golden Temple. Akal Takhat. Baba Atal. Tarn Taran
Sahib taken away from S. Sunder Singh Ramgarhia by the D.C.
by show 01 force under orders of Govt.
Emergency meeting 01 General S.G.P.c. is called at Akal
Takhat. Reach Immediately without fail. Situation serious.
Proceedings on completion of quorum.
ti
=<9 reHl"li ~ <Jla i OIE1,>!1, 1l',,1fi filol,>!1 ll'E1~ OlEl,>!i I
"0 3.1" H~O' .:i 90 II lfi! ailel <lEl. i!8" 1.1 Ri1<!
iJ1t.1O He I

~;Oj f~o til >lil tI ' 3 ti fGa RT, E=< i/'>lo <Jli:JO flo I
9
Res. No. 3 of special meeting held at Akal Takaht at
1030 A.M. on 10th Nov. 1921.
Page 65 of the Proceedings book
~'fl!! B H'>ltl i 7; i fcH ftf3 1 i1~ f01 \?<Jo i i; 8. 01. ailel B q[01f3
'>1R~'a ;OJ <1G3' 301 ,>!lll<!l,>!i H'>lijl~i 01<J '~l'>ii 3; 30J:lf<Jli!
Certified True Copy
Sd j . Sahib Singh
3. 3. 22.
 SOME COl'< FlDEN TIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEME NT II

10
18}19-1-1922

Telegram from Mahatma Gandhi to Sardar Kharak Singh after

the latter's release on January 17, 1922 from jail in connection with
the morcha launched by the Sikhs against the seizure, by the
Government of the Panjab, of the keys of the Golden Temple,
Amritsar. The Government had ultimately to give in and return the
keys to Sardar Kharak Singh, then President o( the Shromanl
Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Amritsar.
SARDAR KHARAK SINGH PRESIDENT SHROMANI
GURDWARA PARBHANDHAK COMMITIEE AMRITSAR
FIRST DECISIVE BATILE FOR INDIA'S FREEDOM WON
CONGRATULATIONS.
M.K. GANDHI
11
(19-3-1922)
Orde~ o( H. H. the Ticca Sahib (Kapurthala)
All the Akalis shall remain in their respective villages and any
of them leaving his Village without permission shall be liable to
arrest and the Jathedars will be responsible for their respective
Jathas.
This will remain in force (or (i(teen days or till furthut orders
as Sadr may desire.
No meeting to be held except with the permiSSion of the
Director of Police. The respective Executive Officers to be consulted
in every case. All meetings held without permission will be
considered as unlawful assembly and dispersed.
A Chief Executive Officer shall be appointed for Phagwara
Tehsil, Who shall be responsible and in charge of the whole Tehsil
and its departments for above period as a temporary manner .
The follOWing ferries will be watched and guarded by the
Police : -
Gugrewal, Warowal, Gondwal, MI.ni, Munda, Dhllw.n,
12 SOME CONFIDENTI AL PAPERS OF THE A.KALI MOVEMENT

Harrike, Nangal . Tahli, Ramedi, lakhan ke-Pudde, Butala, Bhundhal.

Any Akali disobey ing the orders promulgated here will render
himself liable not only to arrest, but their villages will have to pay
the expenses of the punitive force.
Any agitators of other communities going to any Village will
be arrested.
Fifty extra Police to be enlisted in order to keep tbe peace.
The expenses of the Poi ice will be realised from the Villages which
give any t rou ble.
The pay of th is additional Police Force will be Rs. 12/- P.M.
plus Rs. 3/- special allowance.
All the outsiders known as agitators should be detained by the
se nior Tehsil Officers and the information sent to the Director of
Pol ice.

Kirpan.
The rul~s of wear ing the Kirpans already forwarded to the chief
Minister have been approved , to wh ich is added the following rule :-
Kirpans worn on the belt Is contrary to the Arms Act, and
they should always be worn on the side being slung accr055 the
shoulder.
Marching in Military format ion of more than five men will
be considered as an unlawful assembly.
All rules passed by the Government as regards Supha Junlt'.
battle axes, etc. , are enforced In the State.

Arrest of Violent Akali.

Phagwara Tehail
Manak Dal ip Singh . Pritam Singh
Domeli Thakar Singh
Namana Thakar Singh , Hari Singh
Pilahi Gulzara Singh carpenter
Phagwara Khas .... .. Mllkha Singh . Nand Singh. Pump Singh
(If he returns ,hould be arrested)
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 13

Dhilwan Tehan
Dhllwan Khas Mahlnder Singh, Hardlt Singh
Ganesha Singh
Nangal Lobhana Basawa Singh
Madowal Kishan Singh Carpenter
Mana Tulwandi Dalip Singh
Botala ...... Jhanka Singh, Labh Singh
Ramedi Banta Singh
Note
Udam Singh. Achhar Singh, Musa Singh. Harri : . Singh's
brother of Namana. should be kept under strict survei Ilance of their
respective Executive Officers.

Sultanpore Tehsil
Said pur Jawala Singh

Kapurthala Tehsil
Jallowal Mit Singh
Khiranwali Ganesha Singh
Kesarpur Labh Singh
Bhandel Bet Thaman Singh
Amar Singh Jamadar Pensioner of Dhaliwal
His Pension should de stopped; to be interned in the village,
should be under Police surveillance and should be placed on
secu rity.
Names of men marked with an asteric should be arrested and
Interned in the jail.
All committees instituted by the villagers themselves should
be abolished and the members put on security.
All action be started from tomorrow.
Distribution of Force.
Seventy five military men with one LeWis gun, four Sawa" and
twO cycle Sawars to go to Phagwara.
14 SOME CON F lDE:\TIAL PAPERS OF THE AI(ALI MOVE),!ENT

Twentyflve men to be kept here as reserved for Phagwara.

A .car and a horse be placed at the disposal of the Chief
Executive Officer in charge. Police will be placed along with
the Military Pickets. Any resistance to the Milltaryorders Is to be
met with by force.
Verbal warning should be given before firing, and when firing,
Military will be instructed to fire straight at the crowd.
The Chief Executive Officer phagwara Station Is empowered to
Issue any orders he may consider necessary for the maintenance of
discipline and Internal security, and all those Infringing his orders
will render themse lves liable either to imprisonment or flogging.
Thirty military men to go to Dhilwan out of which one picket
will be placed at Beas bridge.
A 'Motor Car will be placed at the disposal of the Executive
Office r Dhilw.n . All other fe rry postS mentioned in this list within
the Dhilwan area will be picketed by the Dhilwan Police.
Twenty five Military men to go to Sultan pur and a Motor Car
to be placed at the disposal of the Executive Officer.
Note
A Reserve of twenty military men for Sultanpur and twen~y for
Dhilwan to be earmarked at Head-quarters.
Two groups of thirty men each to march in the. Dhilwan lIaqa
according to Bakhshi 's orders.
A notice under the signature of the Director of Police to be
issued that there will be no meeting at Manak, a copy of the notice
be sent to Sardar Matab Singh.
Emergency Power of Expenditure of Tumtoms
and Ekkas

Chief Executive Officer of Phagwara. up to Rs. 100/-

Executive Officer, Sultanpur. up to Rs. SO/-
Executive Officer, Dh llwan. up to Rs. 50/-
Rai Sahib Sardar Durga Dass Is appointed Chief Executive
 SOME CONFlDE:,\TIAL PAPERS OF THE A!(,\L1 MOVE:liENT 15

Officer (llr.:!lfa l>fIin!T) Phagwara Tehsil as a temporary measure. The

Tehsildar, Munsif, Officer Commanding, the President Municipality ,
and the Sub-Inspector will be directly under the orders of the Chief
Executive Officer. .
L. Mubarak Rai and M. Abdual Majid Khan are appointed
Executive Officers at Dhilwan and Sultanpur respectively.
M. Kishan Singh is appointed as Executive Officer at Kapurthala.
The Executive Officers have the authority. when dealing with
matters mentioned in this order. to Issue any orders they think
necessary to the Tehsildars . Sub-Inspectors, or officer commanding
military forces.
Rozenamchas to be submitted from the Station House Officer
to the Executive Officers.
All these orders to be enforced from tomorrow,
By order
~d ;- Chief Minister .

12.
Revised orders of H. H . the Tlcc. Sahib
Regarding Akalis and other political agitators.

A.
(i) All Akal i, shall be confined to the ir respective Village s
and shall be under police surveillance. Anyone
contraven ing this order shall be liable to arrest.
(ii) The following violent Ablis should be arrested.

Phagwara Tehsil

Manak: Dallp Singh and Pritam Singh

Deomeli : Thakar Singh
Namana: Thakar Singh
Dhilwan Khas : Mohinder Singh , Hardit Singh and Ganesha
Nangal Labana : Basawa Singh
16 SOME CONF IDENTI AL PAPERS OF THE AKA LI 1-IOVEMENT

(iii) Akalis and other agitators belonging to British India and

round with in the State territory shall be detained pending
rinal orders of Sadr.
(iv) No meetings except strictly and purely relig ious should
be held without the permission of the Di rector of Police.
Meetings held without permission will be treated as
unlawful gatherings and dispersed as such.
(v) Rules regarding the wearing of Klrpans and possession
of Safa.Jangs. battle axes. etc . Issued by the Punjab
Government are hereby enforced in the State.
(vi) Marching of more than 5 Akalis in Military format ion Is
prohibited.
(V II ) Unlawful assemb lies wi ll be dispersed by force. if
necessary.
Disposition of Military Forces
B.
(i) Phagwara : 7S Infantry with a LeWis gun . four cavalary
sawars and two cyde sawars.
Dhilwan : 3S Infantry
Sultan pur : 25 Infantry.
(il) Sufficient reserves shall be earmarked for the above
detachment.
(IIi) Two Military columns will be daily marching through the
IIaqa. each ascompanled by an Assistant Superintendent
of Police. A separate column of Pollee will march
through Phagwara IIaqa.
(iv) The Bias bridge will be guarded by a Mili tary picket and
approaches to Phagwara by Police picket as also the ferries
along the r iver Beas.
c.
(i) Owing to Its isolated situation. the Phagwara Tahsil wili
be in charge of an officer to be called " Ch ief ExecUtive
Officer." All the present local officers will be directly
under his orders. For th is temporary appointment. Rai
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL P APERS OF TBEAKALl MOVEMENT 17

Sahib Sardar Durga Dass has been nom inated.

(i i) The Kapurthala. Sultan pur and Dhilwan Tehsil will each
have an Executive Officer to be In charge of the above
mentoined emergent operations.
Kapurthala M. Kishan Singh
Dhilwan Lala Mubarak Rai
Sultan pur M. Abdul Majid Khan
Special powers ha'le been con rerred on these officers.
D
(I) The troops shall work under the orders of the Executive
officers and render aid to the Civil powers when
necessary.
(ii) Fir ing shall not be resorted to except in case of
unavoid.ble necessity and shall not be continued longe r
than is adsolutely necessary. When necessary . the
order to fire must be given by the Executive Officer in
chorge.
(iii) 50 extra Police to be enlisted. The expenses of this
additional force to be realised from such villages as prove
to be particularly troublesome.
The above shall take effECt frem Monday the 20th March and
will remain in force for a fortnight or until furthurorders.

CONFIDENTIAL
No. 117jC
Dated the 21 st March 1922.
Copy of the above forwarded to the Rai Sah ib Sarbar Durga
Dass Sahib. Ch ief Executive Officer. Phagwara for information and
gUidance.
Sd j Supdt.
for Chief Minister
Kapurthala State.
18 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PA P ERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

.. 13

GOVERNOR'S CAMP,
Panjab,
2-8-1923.
My dear Ogilvie,
Reports have reached us from Amritsar that the Namdhari
Sikhs have received In(ormation from Nabha that you intend to
resume. certain land or (orest rights granted to them by the ex-
Maharaja and that the Namdhari leaders are considerably perturbed
at th is.
Such action on your part might have the effect of throwing the
Namdharl Sikhs into the arms of the Akalis over the Nabha agitation.
At present the two Sections are on extremely bad terms on account
of the recent fracas at Tarn Taran. In the circumstances I am desired
to suggest that you should, if there be no objection, postpone action
regarding the Namdharls' land in Nabha state until the Abli
agitation over Nabha has somewhat subsided. The matter is not, I
imagine, very urgent.
Yours Sincerely
H.D. Craik
To
C.M .G. OgilVie Esq.,
Administrator o( Nabha State,
Nabha.

14
5 Eastern Canal Road,
Dehra Dun,
Dated the 14. 12.1963.
My Esteemed friend,
It is w ith poln that I recall the inCidents that led up to the
severance of my connection from the administration of my State. But,
now, with the return of better health, when I ponder over the
whole course o( evevts, I am compelled to believe that your
H D C r3 'k. C hi ef Sety., PUnjab, [0 C. G. M. Ogilv,e,
Ad mi ni st rat o r, Nnbh3 , doted August 1 , 1913.
(No . 13. P 18 )

.....ft'# . . .
a. 'fl''',
II ~..

.,' lYl~.
, ,t4> _ iiiiIieW M:M \,1;'" "i/Ot
,II;; 'e;,~',"r: M hi: .Y ::tlllt -tr %!:It ' ,m ~
, 11_ "M. :au tl1t..n\l ~ n_ ~,,~ ,I'

r .-:l'tt,i ......,"!i'1 w t1; II:r 'Ule "--=~"

... .-i!"

I ~>'i,~,'" ttL... $ ..

::1\

11".* ;. 1,.l, ~ lu tNt't t?Jc lin'Wa\ ~/1tU! n.. A,'

,i. L(G.Ul, ')',ll ,./I; e<:l '*' .tt _ n. t11.'l .;'.~ '01"!

~ "itt< III ~ ~ 8'1> _ .... :m t,

r"tJ " .- ,
_n~,''t t.

 SO,IE CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKAl.lldOVEMENT 19

Excellency had not the advantage of knowing many of the facts and
the proper sequence of events. I also feel that as the aggrieved
ru ler of an important State having historic relations with the British
Government, lowe It to the supreme head of the Government of
India and the representative of the British Crown to place before
him the true facts of the matter as far as lies in my power In my
present posicion of disadvantage and want of necessary documents
and other facilities . Rather than deiay I take this opportunity of
stating the facts as they are briefly but frankly to your Excellency .
I can not but deplore the facts that the enquiry into the Patiala-
Nabha dispute by Mr. justice Stuart began In circumstances extremely
disadvantageous to me when the ill- judged and unjustified action of
Sir Ali Imam had already prejudiced the Nabha case by his
entertainment more or less against my wish and as a sacrifice for the
sake of peace, of the so callad terms of compromise from Pat ial3.
There was perhaps much behind this action of Sir Ali Imama and it
was already a false step. Again during the enquiry I had not full
opportunity of bringing home my whole case against Patiala though
the record is not wanting in f.cts which clearly reveal Patiala methods
of work.
At the same time during my stay at Deihl in the early part of
this year some drug was given to me to undermine my Will-power
and mental vigour. To add to this. the natural worries of the enquiry
and the enticing away of some of my important officials and w itnesses
prostrated me. Taking advantage of my exhausted health, my self-
seeking offiCials, who I have come to know were under the influence
of my rivals, aud the officials of the Political Department
overwhelmed me with repeated suggestions to leave my state in their
hands and placate the Government by allowing greater powers of
intervent ion In the affairs of my State. It was in these circumstances
that "Dewan Scheme" of the 21st April 1923 and the "Council
Scheme" of the 4th May 1923 were forwarded to government.
Fortunately for me, these schemes were not approved and your
Excellency very kindly gave expression to your concern for my
 20 SO!dE CONFIDENTIAL rAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

healthOin your reply of 21st May.

Failed in this, my Interested and corrupt officials adopted
another method. They urged me perSistently to approach the A.GoG.
In order to make what they called my "settlement" with government
and prese nted to me the dangers of not doing so. RealiSing that
these threats originated from Government cl rcles, and on the
-insistance of my officials, I was compelled to see the A.G.G. on the
5th June at Kasauli, thus unknowingly confirming his belief in the
efficacy of a policy of intimidation. I ventu re to affirm with all the
emphasis at my com mand that I did not seek an interview with Col.
Minchin of my own free will and accord, nor did I, in the
interview, offer to abdicate. On the other hand , I was driven into
the presence of the Agent by clever schemers, and It was he who
demanded abdication from me threatening worse and dire
consequence in case of my non-compliance. I flatly refused to do so
and said that I would prefer to make a reference to the Viceroy. Col.
Minchin refu sed to accept any such suggestions anp Insisted on a
reply within two days. On returning from the interview I mentioned
the whole affair to General Sir Richard Wapshare with whom I was
putting up at Kasau Ii.
On the 7th June my two ministers, Messrs Rao and Sen, saw
the A.G.G. and reported to me that the Agent insisted that the
State should be surrendered to the British Government who would
place It under a civil ian officer. He also threatened that after the 9th
June even abdication would no longer be permitted. Deposition, a
trial on serious charges and something like imprisonment 'were
likely to follow if I did not make my "Settlement" with the
Government. He went on to tell them "it Is necessary at the same
time to settle differences with Patlala by accepting Sir Ali Imama's
terms and also paying an indemnity to Patiala." Evidently compromise
with Patlala was considered a matter of secondary importance but
my surrender to government was a sine qua non.
I mly draw yo ur Excellency's attention to the significant f.ct
that there is no reference at all , direct, or indirect to any othor
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPE RS OF THE AK ALI ~!oVE1.mNT 2\

charge or grievance of Government against me in the Government of

India res.olutlon and communique of the 7th July 1923. Col. Minchin.
however. all along Insinuated and acted as if there was some serious
and grave complaint of Government which needed settlement before
tackling the Nabha.Patiala issue. It Is unthinkable that If the
Government had any grievance or comp laint against me they
would not have even once clearly communicated these to me
officially or otherwise.
To continue. the A.G.G. had ordered Messrs Rao and Sen to
proceed to Nabha Immediately and acquaint me with the extreme
urgency of the matter. He himse lf wired to me on the 8th June,
and again on the 9th June. demanding an Immediate and prompt
meeting.
I was thus compelled to go once more to Kasaull on the 9th June
and there. besides threats, the A.G.G. confronted me with what
he described as the orders of His Excellency the Viceroy conveyed
to him in a cypher telegram by Mr. Thompson , the Political Secretary
to the Government of India. Thus by using the name of the Viceroy
he compelled me to sign the documents produced by him. Not
content with this forced surrender of my state. the next day he
dictated furthur terms divest ing me of all personal property and
reqUired me to sign these terms In his presence. Under the
circumstances, I had to yield and did as he demanded . Later the
Agent on the 27th June summoned Mr. Rao to Kasaull by wire , had a
conference with him, and handed to him a signed letter containing
the conditions imposed by the Government of India. The Agent
demanded from me a written letter of acceptance of the terms
immediately. otherWise. he said. the Government of india would
pass orders depOSing me and would authorise the Agent to remove
me to Dehr. Dun under a military Guard . He would then take
forcib le charge of the State. "The idea was" he said . "to make an
example of His Highness."
The above mentioned lette r and the report of the interview
were handed to me on the 30th June and then the A.G.G. sent
2'2 SO~1E CONFlDr,::-lTlAL PAPERS OF TIlE ARAL! MOVEMENT

three telegrames one after another demanding acceptance before the

1st of july. This pressure from Government was suplemented by the
suggestion of wild threats conveyed to me in two representations by
my ONn officials dated the 1st July and 2nd july. At this juncture
Mr. O' Grady, one of my paid employees, whom I later d iscovered
to be in correspondence with the officials of the Political Department
of the Government of India, came down from Simla for the purpose
of securing the letter of acceptance. He told me that refusal to sign
the terms would be taken as an act of rebellion, for which I might
be shot. Hedged in and surrounded on all sides by Insidious schemers
as I now see, I felt helpless and allowed a wire to be sent to the
A.G .G" on the 5th July that the reqUired letter would be despatched
the next day.
The letter which followed speaks for itself. The folloWing
words' "I recognise that nothing is left to me but make the submission
demanded of me", show clearly that my acceptance of the terms
imposed by His Excellency the Viceroy wa;- anything but voluntary.
As soon as it was signed on the 6th july, Mr. O ' Grady hurried away
with the letter. I sent twO high officials (subsequent-Iy proved to be
treacherous) in my fastest car to overtake Mr. 0' Gradyand bring
back the letter. They overtook him at Ambala. but Mr. O' Grady
would not give back my letter. and, strange to say, the two officials
meekly took the refusal and returned to Nabha late at night.
Deserted and defied by my officials and feeling that I had for
the time being put myself under the thumb of the implacable A.G.G .
who had in a way secured his objective, I was stili pondering as to the
measures I could take to undo the mischief, when early on the
morning of the 8th July without appriSing me beforehand, Col.
Minchin appeared with troops before my palace and forced entry
through the gates defying the guard. Soldiers surrounded the palace
and Col. Minchin penetrated unannounced into my rooms. In my
capital and In my own palace I was insulted, treated like a rebel and
a prisoner and was practically deported out of the State within a few
hours.
Immediately after sending me away on the morning of the 9th
 SOME CO!<FILENTIAL PAPfHS 0 1' THI: AI(AL I MOVHIEI\T 23

July, an unprecedented insult was offered to H. H. tin!" senior

Maharani and lad les of the Zenana living In the Pacca Bagh Palace-
The A.G.G. forced entry in to the Palaces and after searching them
himsel f locked the gates and placed a military guard there. Suffice It
to say, the ladles of my family were starved for a whole day. I do
not w ish to ponder over the details of this painful episode. Even
though beaten down by corruption , conspiracy and Intimidation, I
have yet enough of pride and self-respect left In me to make
my whole nature revo lt against this unbearable insult.

That my severance was not vo luntary is evident from the facts

stated above. If any further proof were necessary It was supplied
by Col. Minch in's surprise visit to my house at Dehra Dun on the
31 st July 1923. He unceremonously placed before me a typed
document and required me to sign It. It stated that my severance
was entirely volunta ry and effected after full consideration and that
I did not desire my restoration. The action was per haps prompted
by a realization of the nature of his own proceedings which no
body knew better than he. The Col. pressed me to sign. I refused.
He threatened me once more and as before used the name of the
Government of India in coercing me to sign what he was aware was
a false document. But this time I summoned courage and finally
refused to subscribe to 3 statement which was farthest from
truth .
From the above submission, Your Excellency will be pleased
to see that my severance from the administratIon of my State was
brought about by the A.G.G's intimidation and by the corruption,
treachery and Intrigue of my officials who were in league with my
rivals and who were, if noth ing worse, at least corresponding behind
my back with officials of the political Department. I have in th is
brief letter endavoured to convey to your Excellency the deep sense
of wrong under which I am suffering and, knowing that I am making
this representation to the Ex-Ch ief Justice of England , I feel sure that
It will not be in vain, Your Excellency will, I venture to hope, find
c4 SOME C O~Fl JJE N TlA L PA PERS OF THE AKAL! MOVEMENT

an early opportunity of redressing my grievances. situated as I am,

impelled by an irresistible sense of justice to my self and, If I may
say so with respect, of justice to your Excellency, to make a full
disclosure, even with the incomplete materials available, of the
true facts at as early a date as I could to the King's representati ve
In India.
Before I conclude , may I al,o be Frrr.itted to protest strongly
against the open campaign countemnced by State and Government
officials which is being carriEd on in Nabha to fabricate false
complaints aginst me and keep to up a disreputable propaganda to
defame me In my absence
1 his representat icn v-ould have been submitted much e3rlier
to Your Excellency had I net been given to understano by Col.
Minch in and others that your Excellency of Your own accord
would reconsider my case if I d isa" ocialed myself from the
agitat ion about my forced abdication, which I did in writing as
desired by C~1. Min:h ln. I also sent a telegram to the S.G.P.c.
2nd the AssociatEd Press to that effECt.
Having done this, however imperfectly, I feel relieved and
satisfied to leave the matter to Your Excellency's consideration .
1 remain.
w ith profound respects,
your sincere friend,
(sd) Ripudaman Singh

15
To
His Highness Farzand-i- Arjumand,
Akidat-paiwand. Dault-i-Ingl ishia,
Sarar Bans, Sarmaur, Raja-i .. Rajgan,
Maharaja Ripduman Sing~ , Malve ndara
Bahadur, Maharaja of Nabha.
 SOME CONFIDENTL~L PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT 25

My Esteemed friend,
I regret that owing to the pressure of work it has not been
possible for me up to the present to reply to your Highness's letter
dated the 14th of December. I have now fully considered its
contents and hc:.ve given my earnest attention to those aspects of the
case to which your Highness attached particular importance.
2 I do not desire to discuss In detail all the allegations which
you have made. My examination of the case and my personal
knowledge of ~II the important events connected with it leave no
doubt in my mind that the grievances which you have brought to my
notice and the charges of intimidation and coercion which you have
levelled at the officers of my Government are without foundation.
The action which was taken throughout the case and the
proposals which we ..... made were taken and made after carefui
considera.tion at the time and no pains were spared to ascertain the
facts at every step. in order to satisfy myself, I have re-examined
the matter in the light of your Highness' allegations but I can find no
ground for revision of the decision arrived at after much anxious
thought and full consideration of every point.
3. The substantial allegation in your Highness' letter is that
your abdication was not voluntary but was the result of coercion,
intimidation and intrigue. It is to this aspect of case that I have
given specical consideration.
4. It is clear from the communications which took place
while the Hon'ble Mr. Justice Stuart's enquiry was still in progress
that your Highness had been thinking for sometime of shaking off
the cares of state. In the middle of April you sent your Dewan to
Simla with a message to the effect that in view of the state of your
health you proposed to invest the Dewanlwith full powers of the
administration and to retain for yourself an allowance from the
state of three lakhs of rupees per annum, On the 4th May your
Highness wrote me a letter in which you said that you wished to
take a long rest in view of the state of your health and that
you therefore "intended to make arrangements for the
26 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

proper carrying on of the administration untill you felt physicaly

quite fit once again, and If not until the TiHa Sahib attained
majority and assumed charge of the government of Nabha as Regent."
You proposed to "appOint Her Highness the Senior Maharani as
Regent and to constitute an Executive Council." In reply I Informed
you that I would let you have my views on your proposals when I
had considered them in all its bearings. This proposal of yours was
made before Mr. Justice Stuart had written his report and It shows
clearly that even at that stage your Highness desired to separate
yourself from the administration of the State.
5. I cannot of course discuss the accusations of disloyalty and
Intimidation Which you have made against your confidential advisors.
This matter Is one that must rest between you and them but I
repudiate your Highness' suggestion that anything whatever was
done against you under the Influence of the officers of the Political
Department or that any threats originated from government circles.
I have learnt from the Agent to the Governor-General, PanJab
States, that on the 26th May your Highness sent him a letter by the
hand of Sirdar Tippar Chand asking him to visit you at Nabha or
should that not be possible, to let him know when and where you
could see him. The Interview was entirely of your own seeking,
and I am assured that the request made by you came as a surprise to
the Agent to the Governor-General In view of your Highness' previous
attitude towards him. The Agent to the Governor-General in reply
expressed regret that his engagements prevented him from visiting
Nabha at that time but said he would be happy to see Your Highness
at Kasauli If you Wished to visit him there. Your Highness paid
him a visit on the 5th June and discussed with him matters connected
with the patiala and Nabha Durbars. You asked him to Intervene
on your behalf with the Government of India in regards to the
results of the enqUiry which you were certain had gone against you.
The Agent to the Governor-General informed you that as you
yourself were suggesting a settlement out of court It was adVisable
for you to offer terms which government might de disposed to
 SOME COl\FlDENTJA L PAPERS OF THE ANAL! :MOVEME NT 27

accept unless you desired that I should pass orders on the report of
the Special Commission. The Agent to the Governor-General
added that you had come to him voluntarily and that It was entirely
for you tc! decide whether you should make any offer to the
Government of Ind .. or not. You then left promising to let him
know your decision by the early morning of the 7th June. On
that day your Dew.n C3me to Colonel Minchin and stated that you
were prepared to make over the adm inistration of the State to
Government and would undertake to abdicate formally as soon as
your son reaches his majority, on the understanding that you would be
allowed to retain your salute and titles and permitted to draw an
allowance of three lakhs of rupees yearly from the State. You
also agreed that compensation up to fl.s. 50,00,000/- might be
awarded by the Government of India to Patiala. These terms were
communicated by the Agent to the Governor-General Panjab
States to the Political Secretary the same day. . On the 8th of June
the Agent to Governor-General telegraphed to you asking you to
come to Kasaull for a final discu"lon. Your Highness With your
confidential officials arrived at Kasaull on the 9th of June and the
Agent to the Governor-General explained to you the terms on which
the Government of India were prepared to allow you to sever your
connection with the administration of the State. After some
consultation With yeiur officials you wrote to Colonel Minchin
accepting the terms. A few days before you Signed the final letter
accepting the terms on the 5th July you asked for an assurance, and
it was given to you, that so long as you observed the cond itions laid
down by the Government of India no fu rther penalties would be
exacted from you.
6. After the 5th July nothing was heard from you by me or by
the Government of India until your letter dated the 14th December
was received. after I had made it clear in my speech at Simla on the
17th October that the decisio n of the Government of India was
unalterable.
7. In conclUSion I desire to Inform your Highness that the
28 SOME CONF IDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

Government of India approached this case not only without bias

but with friendly feeling which was due to State which had on many
occasions rendered loyal assistance to the British Government. The
personal intercourse I had had with you left nothing but friendliest
feeling on my part to you. The resul, of the enquiry however left
the Government of India In your own Interests no alternative but
to accept the terms which you yoursel f had offered of your own
accord. The retention of your t itle and salute and the allowance of
Rs.3.00.000/- were ail suggested by yourself. These concessions
were accepted by the Government of India. though it was felt that
In the circumstances they might be regarded as erring on the side
of liberality. The cond itions which are subsequently added on
the initiative or the GcY~rrrr.E:r. t of Ind ia were conditions of minor
Importance and two of ,hem were already Implied.
8. In my speech on 'he 17th of October to wh ich I have
alluded above I called attention to remarks that were being
circulated of your Highness' restoration in a short period or In a
few years. I said that there should be no allusion In this respect
and that your Highness had ceased for all times to rule In Nabha.
To that pronouncement I and my government adhere and your
Highness must definitely understand that the deCision is Irrevocable.
I remain , with much consideration
Your Highness' sincere friend.
Sd /-Reading.
Viceroy and Governor-General of
India.
Delhi.
The 3rd March. 1924.

16
Arreat. of 62 m"mbera of the S.G.P .C.
Today at one P. M. the session of the general meeting of the
S.G.P.C. started on the 2nd story of Sri Akal Takhat Sahib. An
 SOME CO~ FlDE N TlAL PAPER S OF Tim AR ALI MOVEMENT 29

hour had scarcely elapsed when news reached the Committee that
the polic" were preparing at their Headquarters (Kotwall) In the
city to march to Sri Akal Takhat Sahib to arrest indiscriminately all
who would be found present in the Committee. As the terms of
reference of the General Committee were of an Important nature.
it was decided not to talk about the coming of the police and to
vigorously proceed In executing the b"s iness before them. The
Comml'tee had not yet finIshed one quarter of their work when the
police were reported to have reached the Akal Takhat. As is
Customery from the times of the Gurus. no one with uniform on
can enter the Akal Takhat and no one who has not been regUlarly
baptised is allowed'0 pu, his step on the platform of the throne or
to ascend the stairs. The pollee and 'he military who were headed
by the Supdt. of police and 2 other Bri'ish Officers were advised by
some gentlemen present that they should not attempt to enter the
Akal Takhat. The Supdt. of police . however. paid no heed to this
adVice and ordered his force (police and milItary) to break through
the entrance through force. On th is order being given by the
Su pdt . the Akalis who. in the meanwhile. had gathered there
in suffiCient numbors. formed in,o a solid wall and occupied
the en'rance of Sri Akal Takhat Sahib. The Supdt. and his
party tried their level best to break through the Akalis dut
were pushed backwards by 'he Akalis. On the police trying aga in
and again to ascend the Akal Takhat Sahib. they were told that so
long there was one sikh child alive in Amritsar at the moment. no
unbaptized person could be permi'ted to violate this custom. It
Will be intresting to know 'hat when the Akalis were busy with
the police at the entrance of Sri Akal Takhat Sahib. the Committee
remained busily engaged in transacting the Agenda before them.
The police were thus in an unsettled S'ate of mind and dId not know
wha, to do. S. Jodh Singh Ji. M.A. . appeared on the scence and
explained to 'he Supd,. of police that it was impossible for them to
enter Sri Akal Takhat Sahib and that as 'he members of the S.G.P.C.
would not at all shrin k from arrests. It was best that the authorities
:10 SOM E COXFIDENTIAL P APER S OF THE AKA LI Y OVEMENT

to submit a list of the n.mes of the member. they wished to arrest

which he would present to the Committee assembling for surrender_
ing the persons, if present, to the police. The .uthorltles seeing no
other alternative possible, yielded to hand over the list to S. JOOh
Singh . Just when this talk was going on between professor Jodh
Singh and the authori t ies, the latter were told by the Secretary of
the Local Gurdwara Committee to clear out of the premises of
Sri Durbar Sahib as they were In uniform. The Supdt. and his party
agreed and took their stand in front of Gurdwar. Tharra Sahib with
the ir backs towards the Gurdwara. It has been mentioned above
that the authorities gave up the list of persons they wished to
arrest. Th is list was read out before the Committee and those
wanted by the police came down from the upper story to be
arrested. The authorities in the meanwhile had left Tharra S.hib
and watched the Clock tower to wait the coming of the members
t hey wanted to take hold. It was about 6 0' clock when the
members afcer finishing their work calmly came down fro m Sri Akal
Takhat Sahib and stond lng before it imp lored che help of the Great
Sat Guru for whose cause they were going to Jail. A few of them
delivered stirring speeches advising the Sikhs to remain nonviolent
and united for ever. After the A rdasa (Final prayer) , the members
went to Sri Darbar Sahib to pay homage when they were led to
the clock tower headed by the Akall band and thus were made over
to the police. The police who had come for the ar rests were
about two hundred serong and were followed by a Gorkha guard.
Some were armed with rifles and some with lathis. The re was .Iso
a section of the machine guns to be seen. The appearance of all
there forces before Sri Akal Takhat Is, from the Sikh point of view,
the highest insult ever done to this sacred place. The cup of
suffering Is now full and the Sikhs are being highly provoked by the
Govt. to t ake to viol ence. The S.G.P.C. expects every Sikh to do
his duty and to remain nonviolent In all circumst.nces. It is
notified for general Information th at new members In place of those
arreseed had been duly elected and that the business of the S.G. P.C.
 SOME CONFTDENTIAL PAPERS OF TlH: AK ALl MOV EMENT 31

will go on In perfect order. These or such future arrests will on no

account dislocate the work of the S.G.P.C. while the police were
at the scene and until the members were made over to the police.
there was not an Inch in the Durb.r Sahib. Clocktower platform
Of' Ahluwalia Katra unoccupied. There were about 50 thousand
souls. present throughout this time and it was almost Impossible
to move without using considerable pushes on all sides. Never
in the history of Sikh arrests was such enthusiasm displayed as this
afternoon.
The following Is the list of the members arrested. All
arrests were without warrants. Those arrested are In the Amr itsar
jail : -
I. S. Sohan Singh . Khadur.
2. Master Sul.n Singh. Surhali .
3. S. Jawal. Singh. Burl.
4. S. Sunder Singh . N.reka.
5. S. Chan nan Singh. Nikodar.
6. S. Jal Singh. Dhudiaf.
7. S. Assa Singh. Chandoli.
S. S. Amrik Singh. Chunlwala.
9. S. Waryam Singh. Garmula.
10. S. Autar Singh. Gujranwala.
I I. S. Naranjan Singh Tansaln. GUJranwaia.
12. S. Gian Singh.
13. S. Hukam Singh. Montgomery.
14. S. Jalwant Singh. Jathedar.
15. S. Lakha Singh. Kaulke.
16. S. Sohan Singh. Shekhupura.
17. S. Sudager Singh. Moolanwala.
IS. S. Inder Singh. Maror.
19. S. Sher Singh. Kote Pindiwaf.
20. S. Santa Singh.
21. S. Kartar Singh. Naharpur.
32 SOME CONFIDEXTIAL PAPERS OF TIlE AKALI MOVEMENT

22. S. Ranbrr Singh. Kaonki.

23. S. Jogindra Singh. Raipur.
24. S. Sunder Singh. Ghuman.
25. S. Harnam Singh. Kadlrwala.
26. S. Gurdial Singh. Shondi.
27. S. Shagat' Slngh. Pasrur.
28. S. Gian Singh. Thikr .
29. S. Nirmal Singh. Sialkot.
30. S. Partap Singh. Kotefatoohr.
31. S. Giani Satan Singh.
32. S. Teja Singh. Alawalpur.
33 . S. Gurbakh Singh . Masand, kote.
34. S. Kishan Singh.
35. S. Ratan Singh. Panjal> Darpan.
36. S. Lehna Singh. Nully.
37. S. Jamadar Sahib Singh . Chak No. 127 Sargodha.
38 . S. Man Singh. Secy: Akali Dal.
39. S. Shagat Dunna Singh. Abbotabad .
40. S. Gran Singh.
41. S. Diwan Singh. Kate Najibullah.
42. S. Fauja Singh. Chunlan .
43. S. Indar Singh. Sarka.
44. S. Jawala Singh. Ra is.
45. S. Balwant Singh. Gujarkhan .
46. S. Jawand Singh . Rawalpindi.
47. S. Rala Singh . B.A . Peshawar.
48. S. Jagat Singh.
49. S. Jai Singh. Mardan.
50. S. Mehtab Singh. Kohat.
5 J. S. Harnam Singh. P. Sub.
52. S. Amar Si ngh.
53 . S. Mool Singh.
54. S. Sawa Sarup Singh.
5S. S. Dharam Singh . Namdhari.
 SOME CO:>JFIDNTlAL PAPERS OF TH AKALl MOVldENT 3J

56. S. Sunder Singh. Baula.

57. Dr. Bhagwan Singh. Amritsar.
58. S. Mohan Singh Vaid. Taran Taran.
59. S. Hira Singh. Nah.rl i.
60. S. Sucha Singh, Khara Sauda.
61. S. Jamadar Sadhu Singh.
62. S. Karam Singh. chima
..
17
( 593 )
The following re",lutiom were passed by the General
Committee of the S.G P.C. held on 71 -24 .
. 1. Where as the S.G.P.e. is the supreme religious assembly
composed of representatives elected by the whole Sikh Cornmunhy
in consonance With the injunctions of the Sikh Panth. whereas
the said Committee being united with all executive powers to
protect and advance the cause of the Sikh faith has been peacefully
carrying on religious reforms. where as the Shiromanl Aka" Dal
has been rendering voluntary service to the .aid Cgmmittee to
save the honour of their religion . thl' Assembly most emphatiCally
condemns thl. arbitrary and highhanded measure "The Declaration
of the said tWO bodies as an unlawful associations" and deprecate
this autocratic action of the GOVt. as a reckless Interference with
the Inviolable religious right of Indian Citizens in utter violation
of the proclamation of 1858 and repudiates this. direct challenge
to the whole nation to the exercise of the universal Civic rights of
the formation of association.
2. This Committee appriciates with great .atsifaction the
noble sacrifices rendered by the members of the S.G.P.C. and
Shromani Akali Dal. who have suffered arrests. imprisonment and
deaths. and congratulate them for their sterling services to the Panth.
3. Whereas the Bureaucracy has by the stopping of A khand
Path inflicted the greatS( insult. and Irreparable injury on the
Sikh Panth and perpetrated a ruthless rell,l(ious crime. whereas
34 SOME CO~ F lDE "TIAL P APE RS OF TIlE AK ALI MOVEMENT

the Sikh Fauth has resolved to restart and complete 101 Akhand
Panths to atone for the sacrilege done to their Guru, whereas the
Jathas dally reaching at Jaito to fu lfil the holy mission are being
most brutally treated by the callous and wantonly Insolent officials,
this Comm ltte. falling to tolerate any longer the continued
deprication of th eir religious rights empowers the Executive
committee to take all possibl e steps to effectually deal with the
situation and save the honour of the Sikh re ligion .
4. This Committee heartily congratulate all the Akal i brethern
.who have been undergOing endless troubles and tortures In their
attempts to restart the A khand Path and to protect the sanctity
of the Gangsar gurdwara at Jalto, whereas the bureaucracy are most
bar barously victlmlsi ng the Akal ls with brutal assault, merciless
beetings, fatal starvation and exposu re to freezing cold at nights
to subject them to the attacks of pneumonia and other mortal
deseases to cut short their lives and thus make terrifying examples
of them.
5. This Committee fully endorses the actions of previous
Executive Comm ittee and sole mn ly enjoins the present incumbent
body to carry out most enthusiast ically th e pol ley as chalked out
by them.
6. This Committee approves of and confirms the proceedings
and actions of the present Execut ive Committee.
7. Whe reas the Supdt. Police, Amritsar, with his posse of
police by forcing his way withi n the holy precincts of Sri DOl bar
Sahib has violated the sanctity o f Akal Takhat Sah ib and Harmander
Sah ib, the S.G .P.C . very strongly condemns this uncalled for
sacrilege and wanto n d isregard of Sikh Susceptibilities and places
on record its firm determination that Khalsa shall evenge by all
no n-violent methcds the insult thus offe red to the ir holy Manders.
Sd. Tara Singh,
G en ral Secreta ry,
S.G.P.C.
Dated : 8-1 -24.
 SOME CO~FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AI\ALI MOVEMENT 35

18
9-2- 1924.
DECLARATION of orders by the Jathedar of Sri Akal
Takhat Sahib Am, itsar to th" batch of 500 Sikhs proceedi,,!! to
Gurdwara Ga,,!!sar. J ailo. for offering. tlllder the pledge of
non-'l'1oience, th eir lives as voluntary secri fice in the cause
cf vindicating the birth-right of the Sikh nati"n of free alld
Ullrestricted worship of Sr i Guru Granth Sahib ill the sacred
shrines of th' nation. made on Saturday, Fe brum'y 9. 1924.
about midday in a congrega on of over thi' ty th ousand persons.
Beloved Kh.lsa ji !
"We the Sikhs have offered our heads as a willing sacrilice
to the Guru who Is the essence of our national life and the promoter
of our national honour.
"If you feel moved to enter the arena of love. strike your
head off the body to use it as a baiL So absorbed in the play of
love. let not the thoughts of after-events distract you.
"Dear Khalsa JI. The soul and strength of our religion is
Gurbani (the holy texts). Sr i Guru Granth Sah ib may aptly be
compared (0 a mighty ship composed of sacred Word in which
souls may safely cross the terrible sea of mortality. For the true
and faithful Sikhs Sri Guru Granth Sahib is fer all times the
personl.lied life and living light of the Satguru. and the ever-shining
and ever-rising sun of the most gloriOUS and highest truths. To
the Sikhs Guru Granth Sahib alone Is the levin and essence of
their spirituality. their religion . their heroism. their national
greatness. and is the one fountain of immortality from which the
Sikh Community draws perenni.llile and light.
"Saintly Martyrs! At Jaito in Gurdwara Gangsar the sanctity
of Akhand Path (continuous recitation of the holy texts without
break from end to end) has been violated. The holiness of Sri
Guru Granth Sahib has been insulted. Sikhs going to the Gurdwara
for paying homage are being arrested and persecuted_ They hove
inflicted a deep and the most painful wound in the heart of the
J6 SOME CONFfDSNT [AL PAPE R S OF THS AKALl MOVE~[ENT

Sikh nation. So long there beats within our breast the heart
formed of Sikh blood . we can never brook the slightest Insult to
Sri Guru Granth Sahib. The .cts of stopping Sikhs from paying
respects to the sacred Gurdwara and Making encroachments upon
the holiness of Sri Guru Granth Sahib are extremely blasphemous
and provoking. Is it not mak ing us barren of the fruits of the
glorious sacrifices freely made in the past and the present 1 Can
we allow the throwing of dust on the precious blood of our martyrs
and forget our noble traditions 1 Under the merciless stabs of the
three edged dart. the bleeding heart of the Panth has been groaning
piteously. Several thousands of the devoted Sikhs have already
gone to offer their lives at the call and In the service of the
Satguru. Th ey had pious intentions of honouring Sri Guru Granth
Sah ib at the Gurdwara and of resuming tho continuous recitation
(A khand Path ) that had been forCibly stopped before its
conclusion.
"You 500 immotralized souls! The Panthic wrongs there have
not yet been righted. The intensity of pa in In the wounded and
bleeding heart of the Sikh nation In growing every day. It is now
ripe t ime for the Sikh Nation to make. with full faith In the efficacy
of the Principle of non-Violence. all sorts of sacrifices for re-
establishing of the right of the freedom of worship and of
reverencing the Satguru. I recall to your mind the non-violent
martyrdoms of Sri Guru ArJan Dev and Sri Guru Teg Bahadur_ I
ask you to remember the noble sacrifices of Shais Mati Das and
Manl Singh . Thus arming your minds with the recollection of the
grand sacrifices of our Satgurus and the golden deeds of the Sikh
martyrs. I order you to go to Jaito and redress the grievous wrongs
done to the Panth .
" Dear five hundred brothers! You will always be under the
protecting hand of Kalgidhur Maharaj and Mata Sahib Devan.
Fina lly I bid you on behalf of Sri Akal Takht Sah ib the farewell
bleSSings in these words. "Only those fight to end that have been
tried. The untried give in and flee from battle fie ld."
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 37

"Noble Khalsa JI! You start under the pledge of non-violent

sacrifice. Resume the recitation of Shri Guru Granth Sahib. The
bleeding and burning heart of the Panth can be healed with the
Amrita of your sacrifice. Thus alone can the deeply piercing dart
of illegitimate Interference in worship be pulled out. in case this
is not done, sacrifice your lives crying prayerfully, "Dear Kalgidhar
Satguru! our Father! We thy children lay down our lives for
Thee. The honour and prestige of the Panth rest in Thy hands."
"Brave and saintly souls! You will be beaten mercilessly with
sticks. You will be shot dead with bullets. You will be thrown
into dark and solitary cells, You will be hanged most ignominously.
Your steadfastness will be tried by the most inhuman and un-
natural bodily and mental tortures. Keep yourselves perfectly
non-violent as has been previously announced. Your sole aIm is to
pay homage to Gurdwara Gangsar and resume the recitation of
Akhand Path Since the moment of your departure from Sri Akal
Takhat Sahib and always on the way, feed your body, mind, and soul
on the life-giving recitation and singing of Garbani or discourses
on the holy texts. Do not cherish the slightest il/wlll against
any person in thought, word, or deed."
SAT SRI AKA.L.
Jathedar Sri Akal Takhat Sahib..

19
21-2-1924.

'>ft! ~t i!!>'1:1 i5 1!JT: foailo ffiW ill l!3 3Cffil oTH ill f1h;
ciifa'"O!l! ftrl'!T ufc'>fTW ft!Ci i t; l!f~g 8<11,,1 iii' ;)'1' ri3;!; \/o-e
<ii!!l'>fl <lill'>fi flO >ifo filCi -e f08TO H;;re <10 @ii ",,3a ti-ij I '>fTl! "fiE
i

Jo rii tl-e- fiTt; \/3 THal' fii H~lBl tlClT "01 ',,1 tii! far~' 3 3i "fA)' ;;-1
.re
iif3 FJOJ3 i Rf~ llUl"l alai -e BoHo iioo f<l3 s~arr;ol ti"ii I -e ('iT!!
iif3 FJ0I3 i Ro l>i3 ;l'" FJOJ3 i Rf<13 ;'/3 t; ~ll,,' il' - faDT fill t!~'
tl'a' fi<ll R fD<! ;l BTill r;!@ B \/If! >1trT 3 i fe" f3Jatl '>fGflO ~ ;JS ;l
 ~.,< ,ltlE ,g ,!?.!'< l? Ild caJ ~.Il ~ ,I1i!J ~ hI: ~lI!H ~J I ~~J .a!1i
.fftJ ,lC2 ~ g , '<C~ ,~ l~tl l~.1:1 CI l~ l~ ta'2~ ~H CIl 1nJ:!J
l'!aJ CI .IlI!J ""aJ.!;HI1 "iaJiM g l1\!lJ ~ 5:t& g!! !!~ I .i1I?J .15:tj1n
8~J 1!tIl~l'! .?12JR ~IlC .I1i!J ~ ~,tll l'!J ,!!I!J .15:t.h(n BAJ H[! ~d2Jn
!In,I:IJ ,I!Jl ~ I:IIICJ ?12JIl ~.tl 2t!- ~b ,~H I lotll ~J telj
la,l ~l'! !.'flca l!?U! lotll ~ g.,!! lalcfI !,CJIl all!!! ~ ilb ~J ~I!J ,Il
lHa,1 !2e ~R ~ hh tal? l:l~ . ltll!!~ lottl eCl'! iM 2Ctl'1 t! ~IRI!
IHa!?k ell ,~ ~ ,14lH<!"" laCl'!~tl tllR I:ItIl C~ CI III .l4l1!J .IRJe
I!i'J l'18 ~ !!I:! lRJjg ESn-lotH ~~ .Il Ii~ I III !I12J Il4llJa ~CH
E!. HI !;< l'!J lil!J .IlI!J ,145:tJIn I!EJ 1l.R:e,l'! ~.lot tI .I4I1!J g l'!l2 ~H
CI iaJ &lCH ~.a~ la~ !!~ ,t,I I eJI! g I!lCf! lotll I!EJ ,fUIlllO gll~
,!ill:l!;! lot.EJ III!R IEh ~ I III .llI!J .il'@ I!EJ ,R,I:i[! gIlE !OtE
~ {! .I! ,gLeH EI ltl ""II?J 1Il:lJ,!n !! .lnt!) ~ lB? ,Ill I ""II!J tEaJ
I!~ 5:ttEhl:lO ef;llt~ .tl!lE ~ ,eU! lal? EI: CI .III!J tEftJ ~ i!l"
t~ tC!!J l5:tH.H .Il H.fI 1:1: en 'gll'! ?e ga Lilli i!l" illl l'!J~o
I !I12J lEftJ i!ln l'i~ lO & i!.11 l'iE!. & I ~J ""IlJE lO !! tl!
lE C~tl 1:1: gl IlleJ .a.I4RJ I!AJ t! ~J;! ~ e, tl!I ?~ HU'!
,glI!H el ga ell ~15:t ~ aCjlll lB"2J al la,AR l2]1 ,gc E2l'1,J'!. l2 ,!;<
I d5:tJHJ .'< t2!ll lEi en lotCl'! I~J la RI! le.~ lal'! Il til ea IldhJ
lot~l'1 f! i!lI!Ji ,ll5:t~ I lotll ge .Il~ 1M e2!;.J'!. ~ l'1~ l'1~ ,~
Inj'lJ al lotl:l ,"'tall ,Ilag I:2ft ,ElI!lj j!! .leJ !IIlJ~ .!;< lote..e ~ i!HI! lR~
I .III!J 2& ~ .I! !?,R ~ B1!J,1l lll..?J ~ 2 E~J ,!;i a,a t! lflg!! eeJ s~
I .I"J EII!J ,!;< e!;!< ,llll!"R ,14tH!!! !!~ t< ~ t.l:!h to J!!Ui ~ llCJ.tl tll..?J
Ill,!! I ~ ti!g .I"J II!l'1A.a 2J1J l').~ t.I:! 2J1J l2aJ ta~ ~EIlJ BAJ ~oaJ
,E tca ta~ l'1 2,Kj ~ tll! ta~ tl'1eB la Jltl:l~ 2In ~In I ll1 ""aJ""
to tilli Hl'1f! ~ i!15:tI! ll:l~ c .ej ~ .ag Iili,H I tall! g 'efi ti!RI!
lR~ 2h 12l'i .gleH f! Il~ ,E II~Jh si! ,101,11 Il~ til '~J laR i!t.I:! ~2
~ Ii!!J EIi~ ?cJn Ii~ {! II ~ ell~ l2aJ ~ ,~ lottl gil ? ,Ile 1; ~I
iE lli JCEJ I1A ~.,! ill,!! .i?!! I IIeJClJ2 & lB~ !?-E!? liaJ lotll ,"'tag JllE,!I
a;>J ~ ~ Hb &1 lottl EJ!! ,ElI!lj l'1J~ I LCl'1J tail i!t.I:! eCJ2 fUlot g.BaJ
U!3V1l<lAOIIl nv)!v TI H~ 10 Sll:;IdVd '1VUNTIOIilNO:> awos 8f.
 SOME CO NFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKAU !dOVE~1ENT 39

lJfc'>fT5 B &HI f<ril r<lf!' 01 BEl? !a ~3 <rl 01 il'El?, feJ "'l:J,;jf

<:'F8 Jl<'il OlroOl ~, OlfJ ~ ~ ftr31 fGtl Ji' !TU<! ftfiil' ~ !' lin!)!' I
oa-ilO ffilll

lJl'uBl >rult'l HEfT ilt' fOl 1lC00';;1?' ilBii{ orj t'1 Jt' f<ro 1JtI' R1
i
3 Rill3 arcH B tlii orB 501 sOl 80-lJO JtI'a Al I iliJI3 3 illil de
fBll1 303111 olB til ad flO I fq' if", 'licit Rl -3 lI'Oll t'l flJ~ I B'off!!'li
f<ltJ fj1 <!Ii!. cil." A'foa ,,1 fl';;' lol 3 tlii B eill' li'al' Jl;:t 3 tN Wc!1
,,1 ih113 RaB' l.r;ft!1 til oJl R1 I iliJI3 tli tlii B f<lff fail li'A ..1 ole'!
Jfll""o (ii~Ol, flJR3B, ;;;,;1) !lft'Ol fllB~B Oily Al, !3 0' Jl lkl fOlAl
faAf! t'1 !Atal fe7i i ..a' dEl I Rill3 li'B olEl til;; fl';;' lo iC1'Bl Oily
Al !3 0 1 Jl cfE1 fj1 a.!i! cil." AlfJa B'l \JIBal o'B til;; A<:ro ill RaB'1
Al I ilii B aOle: ~1 af,,!i "'Bl'lii 3Toi af"l!! OIE1!i <iel!i flO 3
er"i i; llC cf ~ljij' 'ilfa!T <ife!' Al 3i i'i till' ~r;i B f"il fiilir -3 tli!
.. .. - <I

e ~ ii'llo ~'i' e r"il f"ciT ,,1 Rli I 1J8R -3 ~il C(olilli BOT SiJl
" JtJ'O B 0101<1 <1~OIl I 1JBR"3 ~ B j{(lir fial fl'fua ~lJo i3 fial
e
ATf'<rl! orB <:1 flO I f=T oR3' 310' orB a" orli'>fT Iin'lil <1El""
Al (!i! o'B ill ~R-Olo attl <1el Al "3 iiil ,,1 Olwl 3 Tt!'t! f~ All iiil
e l{o~ lIi lIi feR 30' l
" Ro filR 3il, fOl rEa a;;l s'ol B;;'El til f3""01
- ~ I tit! oiBl 08" '1eif
iit!l - 3' tJi'ii - !TIJi ,il'QIed' "3 OlH>J'"iiI'<Ji i;'" filJ3
fOl HOUH uel 010 ad 1'10 )OPO ~e ~ fap:3'o 010 f8!1 fdl!' I ilJ:lHlii
t!l!' BTat itJ 8t'1!1 OIel!i i3 f.:r30 i <:1 1O'aeol R'H'o "3 <lo oRt!
\JIG1 t!1 RTH'o afijifllli "3 R1 ~<I
0<:J1' fi-ii B OIl? I 'lId H~ " f3"li oiBl!i ~ill!' <1Elf1 Rli \Jo ~ ,,1
.
- "llt<I fB!T fdl'>fT I R'il ilJ:lHl!)!1 i; \J3 T
e
Ji' fE<I flj{'B Ol~ ;:!J:lHl!i "6" fE<I iiB'a-e <io tIll ~ Hlo or r;!ce:
"3 ttl tlB' 01 Be: Ji' ""lJi !'IJ ~ fOlo:<r3 lo Olol ft!3 T"3 3roi "T~
;1018 f"il il'Oll!i 018 081 fdloJ' I KO' >rIt"il l 5 fOl Olel ii fJ'flll A<Ilt! <iE
<Io 3 :<rcl'P t!1 ~ oIt!'tlT<:11 Oily I tlB' tllIl fial RTf<:1ii' aU! "'l:fO{T 3i
trii "6" ~ ' cRTB ~ iiOl f8"'lf' -3 ~~i t!l11t'HlRi 1.1'R' ftl<:1oi fOl RO'at
 I ~ l!oteja ~ln ~ l!~ I2J 18 &12 g ~n& In'!;j ~jd~.I! aA ~ aF!
afl!) !;l g,l i!iI! I2J ~ lE.l'.JI2 .I1tlli~.!;! I ,~U! 'lll2 eN! -LI2 .at!
c.>llil ~I!lJ 12) ',8 ,1If! 11l? 1Hl! ~&1:!1 .!!E ~lR {!-g,ffiSi l1,f!.I/.l llili {!
is!! al; '18 ,le ,M f!12 fh!!E.aJ 111; ,aJl~aJ JElln ,12 glsxa lR~ g ,llQJ
2Ji)2a21ll ll~ MJ,IJ 21i~ .I1f!2HJ R.l!e.12 BaJU1~~ Il.Iie g uh2 11Jl?i'!
le ~ lafl.E.B :gI!Jf! ER&B ,Eh.l1Jla ,ala I1h b a!! is!! j.al'?B !!J
'dl 1l4U ,l2fr g filiaJ lBfu! l:.! RaJIIlf! f!I; Ill~ ~ E,H,I!E?J all!lc f!~
i/~ 'Rt!J !>[,Jili 2$f!n& g21l!fi {!sH ?lR IJaj I ~ gl1l? IIC! ,tt R~..I:'E
latt ifiif!,12 l2,aIJI iliH&. ~ a~ ,al!J IilHtl l2$2n& all!H I ~ ?iI!
~a ,LI!.I! Ii,n II!~!:II,! ~tt EI211 ~ If!.2EfH 1;1!!< I ~ gE.l? ,lV'! E.la E'B
aEl1 Ul 2$2nl1 InJlJ i!aJte..l! 'ahlll hRJh llla H,e 'B.2 li/la 'lnjlJ
Ie;! a.a2li 'IntiJ R,laJI?ii>. a,caIJ E~ a,a .21; I ~ f.l?ja gE.l? ,f!2fIH
lHc.B alil2l aBlll BRJh lllf! Hla & ,i/,R 111; 2~11 In,!;J ~Jtll.2 e..aIH~
I ill l~ l~n ?I,! H,I2HB a~fiH 2$en& c.[H~ l:! !1~jn Hgt IJlB leap
2BlE12E 1;1 lEllell b~.!;! I lB ,H LEl!) l!! ,e, E.1:l,laj g H.l?H Ri ,iit!J
lilat! 2$en& In,BJ i!3Jle l!,af!IJ l2{)ll! l2t1 lllIJla fkilb l.e.llEll. bt:
IIl2,EB I2J ~ ,El!12 l!l?,fi .I11lli~ ~.Ii eal l!f!.1~ 1? i!~Ill .tt
I ~g .I!llln
[,JEll Ll?
It! ~m~J"~ .tlllll;! LI2 l2ttl? l'!l:l~ ,a,llaaTe li!H~ eJlETe .11tH til
8t-c-b~

b
V

oz
'8c-C-;J\,
1n]:!J .I1t!g.l1J
I .\!~ ?-J~J ,IBj (!3j g !I!
2llj B,ll~ Bg !:1~ IJ3J .tt 'G ,2ftJ .!?.!'< gtt ? Ii 12L2 REaRJ (!3J Ilf<lI!j
,laJIi!Ii ~ ful f./ .l!.tlBJ lRe.n~ caJ I ell! ~ (lI2J ,l~ HRK ~ EEll
ii,.\! Ii<cIJJ.J? ~ ,.. ajg BJ'!:\ ? latl~12 la,2E 2.t11 .I!!J il!.! ?L12 gA lllRhJ

.LN'iHIl<!AOW nv}!v mu ao SU3dVd 'Vl.LN3araNO) 3l'iOS ot

l2S f!~P~ g elHf! l2J:l eIeH I la,HI!. lHI?- g ,at: lal~1'! ~jh I9j
~ Ea,(?1'! ~!g. II'- HE eJ ,lla et! g ,E,!l H,I9~jl a~ 2~ i1
I ?i':! ai\f!H 2t'< e,liP. ala,E,H Ie~ !'- EIeIj lella
Pt'< ,g, ~ I~t: taleE InJlj lHI!1l Ee2 ll~ I III &!! U Ilil .EbJ aa8
laHE,1'! !lJ[~ lHd:\ H~Haj I.ll ,!l .Hill la~ ll,n !'- .!lJ:! I .a .Ila
12r! ~ln ~ ~~ !!aJ'~ g llHjft 2~!!n& In.llj i13j1e ~~ '!! ?le ,HI:! ail
g LE, H.eeJI ~ eHBh ll?!i !!- I?t'< Ula ee i\& .ee eajl~ g ,?ll!!.
ll:!~!,- ~lh Cllj ee en f!,2..I~ tI'! Hll?aJ 1 ull?j ule HIellj a,a ~ 2.HJ
!1 al~E? lall! ~ i!J:J lH1!. la!!! le ,~lHa.1 Oh Ilaj llf!
I !! ?~ ele .allH tI .l2tH !:.l E&<lj
!'- .E, ,e.HI g ,E& HI!1Cjl !1j!'!!! .Ht: Ie~ ~~ ~ !l!,1 I @.,ge
II f! ~ee Bell. EIeIj P!4 II!~ ~ eHBn HII I:lal:! !'- illt: {! .Iet: llt:j
lB Il.h 19,\2!i ~ !l~ l22,n~!;l e!,< I la le ~lHa'l Oh ~ IE@.!!!,<
Illa1:l ,Hl:!JHH ~HjEIli1 lll~ 12&1 ~ ,~l22,n .'llE ll:!~ ejl.! la,Ha g
l22,n !:.l~ e lHI?- ~(!Jn I9j ,Iajl?- I .ILa H!1e Ie eaj<~ g !lllH2J ee .1
1l1U2 !le~!,-ee ElaELB ~!? ee agn 1M !'- i.lili et gll i?-,I !'- ill!
~elUJ lS:11 a~jH 'lnj:lj .l?!.! 'lnJ:lj H.I<ljei2 e!,< !l1:JR2j e~J I .a tt
laH-EjI'! H~aBJ i.lili 1 1J<taju el:!!l ,Ie IE,I ~(!'ll UC! .EEn aM
Illf! alB ei?- l~ 1 LIE?a La!!! '~je {!In!,- f!~ a,ll tt ej ,ee ~Ft
el!J g 2~enii 1n.llj i!3j'P.2 I elH ee HaJ,l! ,ae.tr IIei:! lE ee ,B
!?I !'- I:!~ !le~ lll!~1!. La!!! ej ll[.a He~ g .2~.2Hj e!,< !ll!H~
I III
laC l12 '~2 lal:! ,aetl ej .1I!f! llf!j l:! gA ,lei:! Il~ e,a~(!l} !llLH2llj
'2 It:~ H,HE glli: Et'< .2llH2j 1 GLce II a,ll a,a.E& EIe!J Lella
!2!,< ll?~ .2lBEhHE et'< ~ ,(!e .1 .l!! .H~ ,J:l .S:1Il.~ i!JP!!. ea!llll {!
E!1/ifglB lEll .1l..I:! eJ La (!,HEaJ .llef! !'- !2llm IllH1:I ~La Ht2 Ii .H&
~ llI:JR2j P);!.I IlIl,a g 2~PI1l! lnJ:lj i1aJIe!l HI!& lnJ:lj ,e!.! ~ ~ln
Igll~ l2 l2.QBJ HB?H19 HIl! E,a e2eQIljlj BI:l InJlj ai?-2li! e!,< ,t!
@. ~ln 1n.!:lj i!aj.e!l 2~enl! !2!,< H!& 1n.llj ,e!.! g .2llS:12j !lI:l!l1l:! en
&ll.~!,- .elK lllE ~ !?,I !'- .1l..I:! Ee2 IlI:!J 1 lll?~,f! la&a @I?- e~1:!
It ~N:n'll:;J AOI~ !'IV)!V 3 HL :10 S1I3dVd "{vnN3GI:lNO:> 3iOS
42 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

R<I't!3 ~~ ~ ,,'Ie ~H 0' OIl'>!, IffifCl H' ~ ~ <1'5 <I,,<!'o Hot!oi'l'

II'H' '>flJ<!l QTollOl' i.i.fl<!l <!!o"~'o' lJ.iluOI' O1ile1 ii <It.!o H" Fll'>!'o 0100'
o<l'fl!3 <11 ~a1 >lio 1.1<111 UoH RIIS' II I if<I' t.ill:03 UO H" <JOeor
'>ie~ >lia <loeO! O!Hel ~ R'<lH<! iii IlilRa 110!' ,,'<10 0I'0~ ~ !lIe
F3'>1'0 ~ I
,,'R
Fi-el "ala ff!lll lffiG irel nll' fAUI >l'0!0 n'9' li<1aa
iiR11N<!;;1e ,:!H1R f"H' <gH Iili'H ~3 Fa'>f'R3 0'3' !!OlIDI1;!" I

21
=<9-'l-'l1l.

9 g~3C!!a lJ.R'fe "

fa"f'1i f1!R1i fRlll &: :!'let: R1.I'<11 '>!Ol'H f~'cal Fo'>!TR3 oril'
s'Me' l:J<:Pat"l fo'>!'R3 Ufe'>f'W I
H' ,>!,~ ~' f<1OJ~ ' iJ'tra O'i'IO AIlS ii Ifu fm! fau' <Ii ;rn' a'
w
Ha '>fll"or U'C5 ilfiil,>!1 fOl'>!' a ~ fili t!iJ' ~3 fat'>!' '>!3 ~ 0'8' '>f'
ilie' fo<1 1 I iiI'Hl BiOI) 3' =<0 fi?O lJFm H' ~3 tl" Fill'>!' R1 I "a -e
'>f'~e 3 10 Ft!Ii uF~ i!'ale~c ,,1 R:GO-Ro' '>!'E1 fHR il '>f' ii 3ra l
irfu'>l' 'l'51'>fi el'>ii ;'jOli f3'>i'o OI'lal,>!i I a'oi irF;;r'>{l ~Hl"" RO I io
0 ';;" 3' '100 moll' i;il ~3 H' t[;;r I ~R 3' ftti' lJR'>!'"8 e1 U'Hcli
i;: 9 t!' '100 fAUI 5a ;:Ill' '>f~e 3 fat $ faP>!' '>f3 oR~' '$atO l -e
R'l'o ~ tJf<JHi n';;" "l'ft''>!' Rl " , fEo! ROI";;!O?; H' fau' I .~dle~c ,,1
Rl:a Ro'. Ufe'>f'"8 tP 900 fRlll "l3 0'8' ,,1 R'al U'H(!o OA1W aiHl
tlHe 'l'g feo 3'el' >I'a ~ii <11 0" l;rij ~ ~ 3' ft'or reo '>1at
HOT FffuI n'HH, OJaft!'>i~ f<ful, liB?; fifUI "an!! '>13 ~ FRlll lI'ile'a
t'aTa' Uil'Fl!3i i; (';15 8 ~ l'!<lat'll'l Ole I H'e 3' tJF<JHi R,f;
.
<lOlH fHf'H'>!' FOI ii oRa' ~3 3' 1lilill',,1 ~ Hit!' a -e ~ 3<1i!' ~ til,>!i
-
3rai !!'@e ", <lOlH -e Ole ~ '>1>11' R'al 0'3 H'@'-e 05 I RT$ (';'0"
- - I _

tJBCo -e &>!o 13't!l a'H iffia, fliOl" fRlll ~t!'<J, Me ffful tlWw<J
le I!!.aj ,g2 la 12\;! la Hll! I ,[! 2 ta @I I lllllqii.lliiI!iiIlJ l2\;!
la HL2 ?J<t lalN! oIll Ej ~ !i!~.fr.~!li! ~ .e.lla ,1;1 I !Ila12 g
au~1'I lOCI!?J<t ,Ila12 lift ~JlJ !Ie\;! aJ,B ,~,IaJlf!B .2U!J~I ?I
,~nJ ~ Ha 19~ en III I!B 2,!!!aJ HII! ~I I lftJ LIla lii!? g ~Ile
, III .!ej .J ~lO la llf!JIIl lS.?J .1lE! ali If! ~hll I glHa f! 2.l2J:ili
1!l1!U!!.I t! ?l ?ftJ ee ea ~ g ,JIl:Je!? ~ .IleJ .a~ alN!?J<t
ll<c12J lila !?l laHE,B .Ili I lftj .el;! .ea le,eJaJIll: 2hej g InJ:!J elE!l!>
I .IIlJ s:;j{ ga SQJ.lllB.?J 11lE! e~ I III .g.a ~.iia !.H!.I! 2ll<c1lJf!
la!1 g~ ~I:! If!.I!?1<< lHa $I! 19.12 la~ ,!l2 ~ ,~IlJ f.I ~
,? ~LIlfr l.ii!? ~11l I III laHql'l H:eiiBJ ,~fr I.i! @I:! I IPtRa lH!!!
g III la j.11! h I> ~ 2,gn la 2lJ2l lI~ 1n.':!J ~ !-iif!JIl ,~ &II
I t!12J LEftJ .IB IDQBj .a ~l}1H1!! l.ii!.l! a,a 2,!iJ ~ ll:211J I t!aJll<c lDa
!?l'< 1l<tajg .aee Iltl .a ilii!!j.l!> /JI H&EJ1l oIl"1:! I .l<t!!J!' ,I:! ~ ~.!! ,:
Il2 OOb I g12 ll:2E la @I:! 2\il2Bj .a ~!J2 lE!gJe,!'< ? !?-[!l a~1l l2aJ
InftJ H.Ii!Jeii! g 2IlHaJ I .Ea) lao/'laj .a,IJ .Ill:! gEaJ 'llJ .f!2J g
e1E!J~J IIJIl:.a ~ ,~,"IlJ ~ ~ ~ I em .J ? ,2l:!!) ,Ilag ,1L~~JIl~t! ,tl:!l
~!li! I1l2 I III lIlHlIl .2n .i! i!ili.a lll]!! ii!f l.' ,JJlIi lliin ll:fr l?!ti!
~II I 2Il gl2 SilJ Il.ell!! Oh lJ& IF: I III LHall<c 1lI11 !i! In!!J \!aB iiQ.!! I!!J
~ III 1!2.!a1l la InJ:!J 2lE!a ~J ,~.Il I !?til !.f',l'< ,g El! lIlJ em ?Ll!! eUj
~'iia lii]!! Il.A ~ 1I11l! jlh ~!! ? ,tt I til lam la,.ii !?'" l.' !!Izea ~ ~J
2l2-I:!H l2aJ I I!I:! ,Ilag ''''lll!! e,"'J ~ ~!JM ~ii gl:! g ,"'BUj l.' ,2~
~ .ii~ ,lLt!J l2lJ! laLil ~,Jlj ~I:! 22il1l ./'le!,!! I lIl:! I.IlJ:!H iil2 2g gii I1J !!
fl12 g,H I:a) llf!JII:! lll'?j hb ?'" ll:2 l1aJ La ,e, I.i! ,I.j~ ~ hb I 2Il
?Je ~ e.l1aaJ g B!?J.1:l lE'.?J ? gill! ~ ''''l~12~ l!I.2Il l2t1Jl ~ LIllIle
'!,EftJ .ii l!!aJ B!?j,lJ .l!,,,,aeii! l2~J La lI2H/l ~I2.J1l l!~ I L"aJ 2!1!
l2l!j la~11l2 ? 2lI!anle.l:lll!!oIl I E,l! laii ~LIlfr lii]!! iiJlI lE!eM l~
g 1n,I:!J lIl!B .ii!C.2l!! oli! oil ,LI:!'" 2~ I 2Il HM,I'I La ~ .... & i,i Ii
g ll:l mJ! g I:l.ii.2J!! l!iin la LeE ,L2I! .s:e aaJ i,i ,liJ $ll: lIll&
hI. ~ ,Hll:e EEl:! 11.f1 Hal'< I !!!lll f! 2l!Jeg t1lJ.~ iiI! l!!J !! ll<cll!J
'L!! lI:tIoll: ~'Il!!B g f! lIi!j '!CaJ ~a t2a.2ll: b1: I I:l ? lI.H!! I!-II:!
~ ~N3i'131\01~ nV}IV 3H~ >10 S1I3dVd 'IVILK30IilNO:J 3l'!OS
44 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALT MOVEMENT

Iii"l iI<Il' ;m'<!l OIEI I tle el 3"'R1 f~ij~ acl <IfQ"'''' ou1' fOolf1'5'>1' I
R<I1ei t11 faR'3! elilwC! Rl I ftf;;!i ;:j aj'-f,,'>Ii ~ ii lif<IW fuiii; ,,13 ~e
Ril li3' 0<11' fiill:m 1% Ole I R',,1 UIOCi'S t!' &<!1 '>I'eHl <11 ,,'RT ~c 3
0<11' B'fl:I' fill'>l' I R'al <'1'3 8"'~ilt t11 am;1 0'5 H'''' ~Oil ore RO I
R'"l iI'~ ' UlOCiI t!' 'I ~OO a't1 ~f8'>f' '>13 3009 a't! filR'5 t1' ~f8"'>fT I
liiaftJ'>I' t!' BaT 30r =lODO ij't! Ri ~1I-aTO ~f1'5'>1' I fEfI 3' fQo' ~ ii
'liE -
- H5 liiEc' .
- <J~ H~ m1 Rtf 'i"RO ?; f3'>1'<'1 <Ii I
t1R3lf3 ;;J1; fOiAO flflll fflu'<ll
Ral
(';;2) f{l ).I'iI 1Rf'1. R'fa!! f.l: a.r. ~1- O1K21 f-fl{3f!a tll e031 il fOi 3'; fiilAO
ffl'Ul HI 'i'" f!!I'iI IlIE'i'" <Ii, ii '!5 fOliii ~a 5~ ~<J jill tl' R,,'i"l ~ I
tl1<1i1 fflU! 1Rf'i o'~' ;:{!!'

22

/l
'I (? Rt3a]a '{fllft! I

f!!'>I'o ~; R<1' fRllI ii8"'i"TQ ~ ; =l003 '>Ill'" fio~'2Cll or~

3'; D<'1f"r3 filii fflU'D1 ~; 9t9E '>I,,'!! fio~'2Cll o'~
'>lRl' '>l'U~ '<'f<IilJi! ~ ur;;a tl'ne 5e >l'B f!!'>I';; iilae Di ; -
R',,' B<I' t1' f!!'>I1o ~<Il iJ ii f01 3'; fiilAO fRui 'i'" il ua fI<;;;1
~0i<'11 3'; fOlAo fRui 7i''8~ f1l' fi!!l 3 Rl R~ R'!! ClfIIW fll ii fl:or
~u Rll '>!fIT' fiiil' Mill 'i"1 qWIi f~ =<4 '>f1t1Hl R1 I tli! t11 3ai'
f!!B'!" :;r'fl: ;:ti aiB! Hi iE'll <1a1a' t1' a<!1 ~a 0<11' 5f<!f' I fa'>fTfI<I
;:j u'aH f<1!!Ro B 'lOiH 0'8 1ii,,1 fa'>f1R3 -.!1 li1!20 i5 ~1 .r!!'
'>Il11a 3iil W3H<!l fau' I ;:te o'B 'i"1 fIIa1 R0T3 '>il11a all "'3I-1l:1 a<Il
fiilR ",1 ua~' ~l:1 <1'a or ~fl:'>I' I lffi20 aR'B' liiafli'>f' ~1 1ii,,1f'
~ Utl'a' e BaT 30r fflU! '>i3 ii'" t!1 R0T3 ~ f.!uR 0113' f3 "fCforc3
"623 ala I ml' ~~' liiBl ~8"I~c <1'fBfT fi-B~ Di ua '>iRl' ffilu'
eoeOTOl RH' '>itl 301 ftieorl f~ oul' Bflil>f' I -;:IDfiI' iI'8 g lia hi'
 SOME CON FIDENTIAL PAPER S OF THE AKALI MOVEME NT 45

<Jfswa i Bl Cl;rrt!l, l?ill?;ilii f<lea i 3Ql3i ~ Rlij' aiel!!! ilCl;r~lii

arcl..r, ;N ~ el ilClfUHl ('ill? flTfai 1 faJf1 8 af;rli T f~ IJI <i ,!s
faB f... e '>13 ,!S ~ iillO ;ll'l f...e 5 Ole I ~il fFfur B SR3Cl ij<J 8l? '>13
~ fto (')1 ij(!l i3 (')1 u'Gl f;:!31 I i.lR 3' fij()i '>!Rl' RiI' fRO fJ! !<ill?
3113 wf<ls Bl <Jiilal f... tl R;; '!11 IJaOl(! Claim I
(BR3113 ~I: il..., fFful <J5BICl)
~fFful
(;;1: <JOfB3 fRW RIJT<Jl)
<JOft13 fFful
5(! :-fJ!fjl() ill !P: il",1 fFful ill iill 3 : <JafB" rR"UI ill ~ fSl>(1() l>(lIJ
1
Bl FRI fail Uf8"BI <Jj <Jo ~S fOIS <J~ f!'iii I ~'3il' AlUla <Jl i~ I
;:i!~ fFfUI ~
('il!P ifQI

23
FI rst Iette r
dt. -4-3-2<4.

Copy of the letters of Mahatma Gandhi.

I. In my opinion In order to bring the whole of the Akall

movement to a successful issue, It is absolutely necessary that their
minimum should be unm istakably stated. Th is alone can evoke
un ive rsal approval and sympathy , provided that minimum is just and
reasonable in the sense that it appeals to the reasons of a common
sense God-fearing man . It w ill not, therefore, do to say that a
particular claim is a relig iOUS claim . All rEligious claims must
necessarily appeal to reason.
In a movement of non-v iolence, the minimum is also the
maximum just as the minimus is not capable of reducation even
though the difficulties may be insurmountable, similarly under
favourab le weather there can be no addition to the minlmun .
This follows from the fact the non-violence includes truth, and
46 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AI,ALi MOVEMENT

truth admits of no exped ients.

2. it is, therefore, necessary for the S.G.P.C. to state the
implications of the Gurdwara Movement, i.e., which gurdwaras
are claimed by the Akalls to be historical or otherWise falling
within the movement and without which an Akali to be true to
his faith may not rest. Second, what are the implications with
reference to the present Akhatld Path affair in Gangsar Gurdwara 1
Third, what is the movement in connection with the forced
abdication or deposition of the Maharaja of Nabha !
3. In my opinion with reference to the Gurdwaras, the mode
of procedure should be in the case of disputed possession,
(i) Through private impartial arbitration without reference or
intervention of the present courts of law. (i1) Where the opposite
party refuses to submit to reason or arbitration, by Satyagrah,
i.e., non-violence mode of asserting S.G.P.S.'s right to possession,
in order that the method is and rem.ins strictly non-violent
throughout. It is not enough that there is absence of .ctive violence,
but it is necessary that there is not the slightest show of force.
It follows, therefore, that a I.rge body of men cannot be
deputed to assert the right of the S.G.P.C.'s possession, but one or
at the most two men of undoubted Integrity, spirtual force and
humility may be deputed to assert the right.
The result of this is likely to be the martyrdom of these
pioneers. My conviction is that from that moment the possession
of the Committee is assured , but It may so happen that martyrdom is
postponed .nd intermedi.te stages, such as pin-pricks, serious assault
or imprisonment might have to be suffered. In that case and in
every case till actu.1 control is secured, there must be a ceaseless
stream of devotees in Single or double file visiting the gurdwara In
assertion of the right of the Committee. It Is hardly necessary
for me to point out that if the possessor for the time being may
consent to submit to arbitration. The Committee should be ever
ready to accept the offer, when the asserting of the right by means
of Satyagrah ceases. In such a case, it goes without saying that
 SOME CONf' IDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE A!{ALI MOVEMENT 47

if there are any of the devotees who have been imprisoned in

prosecution of the object of the Committee, they should be
discharged simultaneously with the acceptance of the arbitration.

Nabha

I understand the position regarding the Nabha state to be as

follows and as explained by the Akali friend. who have been kindly
sent by the S.G.P.C. for the purpose : -
I. The S.G.P.C. contends that the Maharaja has been forced
to abdicate, that there is no sufficient warrant for the step and
that the committee Is In a poSition to prove that the Maharaja has
been forced to abdicate not because of the charges vaguely referred
to by the Viceroy or of any other charge such as should justify
the extreme punishment, but for his public spiritedness exhibited
on several occasions and for his known active sympathy for the
Akali cause. The Committee Invites an open and Impartial enqUiry
by a competent authority into the whole case, before which the
S.G.P.C. should have the right to give evidence and the Committee
should be satisfied with the findings of such an enqUiry. It has been
suggested that the Nabha Maharaja has voluntarily abdicated In
consideration for the Government suppressing certain charge which
they hold are of an extremely defamatory character. If the
Maharaja's own writing can be produced In proof of the statement,
the Committee will naturally have nothing further to say. Such
writing should be given by the Maharaja without any veiled pressure
from the Government and should be a fresh document. The
Committee have no desire at present for any direct action, at the
same time it is but fair to say that If all the efforts at impartial
enquiry for obtaining strict justice fall and when the public have
been put in possession of all the racts known to the Committee and
public opinion has been fully matured and cultivated , the Committee
may be reluctantly compelled as a matter of honour and chivalry
to a re.ort to direct action. No mention, however, of direct
48 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEME:-IT

action will be made in any manifesto stating the Committee's

position, regarding Nabha that may be Issued by the Committee.
The above position appears to me to be unexceptionable and I
hereby endorse it.

Shahidi jathas 500, Akhand Path.

Had it been possible for me to have met the Akali friends

before the Jatha, which is now on Its waytoJaito, had started, I would,
even after having heard all that the friends had to say, have adhered
to my advice that It should not be sent before perfect stock-taking
and review of the whole situation but I wish to cast no blame on
anyone for the delay In the friends meeting me or If there Is any
blame to be attached to any body, I must take it upon my own
shoulders, because I omitted to take the precaution of wiring the
full text of my message to the S.G.P.c. at the sameti me that I handed
it to the representative of the Associated Press. I was under the
mistaken belief that press messages haVing precedence of private
messages, the A. P. message would be earlier in the hands of the
Committee. I foolishly wanted to save public money. Could I
be present in the Punjab and see things face to face, I would not
hesitate even though the Jatha Is nearing Its destination, to tender
my advice for Its recall in order to enable us to review the situation
and to take certain steps which I hold are necessary before taking
further direct action, but I cannot undertake the responsibility
lying on a sick bed of advising the recall. I dare not place such a
burden on the friends who have come to discuss the Gurdwara
affair with me. In the Circumstances, therefore, I fear that
the Jatha must be allowed to proceed to Its destination. I
understand that elabor.te precautions have been taken to prevent
admiring crowds or others from follOWing or .ccompanylng the
Jatha. I understand that stricest instructions have been Issued to
the jath. to adopt and continue a perfectly non-violent attitude In
spite of the gravest provocation. This Is all to the good.
 SOME CO:;FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT 49

But I understand further that the jatha has also been instructed.
in the event of its receiving orders to leave the state boundry, to
disobey, and arm in arm the jatha has been Instructed to present a
solid living wall to the state soldierly and to draw upon their
d~voted heads with unflinching courage all the fire that can be
p~ured upon them . The idea is no longer to submit to pin-pricks
and prolongation of the agony by way of forcible deportation. but
to end it by every member of the jatha sitting at hi s post and
dying there with calm resignation without any retaliation. This
plan is conceived in a most lofty and . daring spirit. The bravery
of those who conceived it and still greater bravery of those who
are expected to carry it out in its entirity cannot be questioned
and if the Nabha authorities are so foolish as to fire upon the
jatha till everyone lies dead at his post. it will certainly stagger
humanity. thrill the world and command universal applause for
.matchless heroism, but I am sorry to say it could not be recorded
as an act of non-violence. This proposed action can be described
as civil disobedience but in reality it would not be civil
disobedience. For civil disobedience, perfect sub mission to order
which are given as punishment for the breach of prlmaryorders.
which a ci vil resister holds against conscience, but such disobedience
to be ciVil, requires perfect obedience to sanctions, small and great:
and disobedience of small sanctions in order to invite larger
sanctIons, is not civil but is rowdy and , therefore, violent. The
faith of civil resister must be a living faith in the ultimate success
of the spirit of suffering and forbearance. Infinite patience must.
therefore. be badged.
Let us now apply this principle to the proposed action to sit
tight in the face of an order of deportation or an imprisonment in
order to Invite shooting. is to avoid the intermediate sanctions and
possibi lities of prolongation of slow suffering and also the struggle.
Such avoidance is not permissible 1n civil disobedience and is
calculated to give an excuse to opponent that they are not non-violent .
The natural course would be to obey the order of deportation
50 SOME CONF IDENTI AL P APE RS OF THE AK ALI MOVEMENT

when it is accompanied by physical force, be it ever so slight.

Therefore, even if a youngster duly authorised came to enforce
the order of deportation, 500 strong men would In honour b~ bound
meekly and joyously to march out w ith a young deporting officer,
whom by the heroic forbearance , the 500 are likely to convert
into a friend . Once PUt across the border, the right of marching
back accrues to the 500, and be treated similarly, or worse. The
idea underlying meek suffering is that ultimately it is bound to
. melt the strongest heart. It further deprives disobedience of the
slightest trace of violence either active or passive.
I wish to analyse the proposed action still further. What is
the loc king up of arms of the whole jatha, if it is not passive
violence. It is clear that such a solid wall cannot be broken by one
man where as the creed of non~violence presupposes that a mov~
of violence by the opponent is enough for him to push back a crowd
of 20.000 non-violent men.
If, therefore, the Committee accept all the Implications of
non-Viole nce. I am firmly of opinion Inst ructions already given,
as to the action to be taken by the jatha when it comes in conflict
With authority. should be revised in terms of what I have sketched
above. In that event only one or the other thing can happen,
either the 500 will be deported or imprisoned but in both the cases
the act will have been performed with complete meekness on our
side. I know the difficulties of follOWing the procedure. The
authoritie s ma.y endlessly continue the see-saw business In order to
tire us out, but this difficulty van ishes if we as a body claim
incapable of being tired out. Non-violence depends, as it does, on
an unquenchable faith in God, and in the persistanee only of that
wh ich is good; does not know what it is to be defeated or to be
tired out. If th e plans suggested by me is adopted , any number
of men may march in and at any time of the day. It will be found
in pratice that no authority can possibly afford to play game of
see_saw w ith a people so determ ined. So much regarding the
'atha now on march . When the present manoeuvre is finished , I
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOV EMENT 51

woul'd suggest a reveiw of the whole situation. So far as I know,

the aim of the Akhand Path movement is to assert the right of
community to have Akhand Path in place of that which was
interrupted and to vindicate the right to have the Akhand Path as
often as the community considers it necessary. The authorities
state that they do not wish to prevent the Akhand Path ceremony
but they will not allow under its cover the massing of a large
number of Sikhs from outside who may carryon open or secret
propaganda regarding the Nabha Maharaja and thus create and keep
up the movement in the state. In order to meet this objection,
I would advise the Committee to make a declaration In the clearest
possible terms that the object of the jatha Is purely to assert the
aforementioned right; that It has no desire to carryon under
cover of the Akhand Path ceremony any prol\lbited propaganda
In the Nabha State whilst the Committee In no way binds itself
to refrain ,from pressing forward the claims of the Nabha Maharaja
and 'gitating for the N.bh. question . But that agitation will
stand on its merits and will have no connection with the A khand
Path affair. The Committee will also In that case be satisfied
with sending a latha of 25 without any way admitting the right of
the state to limit the number. It would be purely a voluntary act
with a view to disarm suspicion.
If then the sending of jatha of 500 Is suspended for the
t ime being and the declaration sketched above Is made, it opens
the way for a third party to negotiate with the authorities with a
view to removing the dead-lock.

Gurdwara Reform Movement

In connection with the Gurdwara mevement, I am asked to

state the procedure that in my opinion should be adopted prior
to the direct action sketched in the foregoing notes. The first
thing is to state the case fully and publicly as to the conditions of
the Gurdwara mis-management and character of occupant, etc., or
52 SOME CO)l Flf)E~TIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT

notice should also be served on the occupants stating the 'posltion

of the Committee and asking him to submit to its jurisdiction and
control and Informing him that in the event of his wishing to
contest the Committee's possession. the latter would be willing to
submit the case to the arbitration; the names of the arbitrator or
arbitrators on behalf of the Committee should be given In the
notice, and in the event of the occupant ignoring the notice or
declining to submit to arbitration, the Committee would be free to
take direct action.
With reference to the gurdwaras already possessed by the S.G.
P.C., as a matter of truth and justice I am convinced that If the
party dispossessed disputes these rights of the S.G.P.C. to the
possession, the Committee should be ready to have the matter
reopened and settle by arbitration, but I recognise that it would
be dangerous and detrimental to the best Interests of the Committee
to make any such publiC announcement at the present moment, and
whilst the Government is trying its best to injure the Committee
and in every way Interfere with Its activity. With reference to
the gurdwaras claimed to be ' historical, the only thing, so far as I
can see, the Committee can be reasonably expected to do Is to
prove the historical nature and If It satisfies the arbitration
regarding it, possession must rest with or vest in the Committee
without any further proof being necessary regarding any other
matter.
Sdi- M. K. Gandhi

24

Asked as to the result of the protracted deliberations with

,he Akali friends, Mahatma Gandhi made the following statment to
our representative : -
I had long and cordial conversations with the Akali friends.
In the course of the conversations I tendered to them my opinion
on the several matters under discussion. The public will not
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPE.RS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT 53

expect me to divulge the matters discussed between us or the

opinion given. But I am free to state this that the Akali friends
told me that my letter was not received by the S.C.P.C. with
apathy and they satisfied me that It gave It all the consiaeratlon that
was possible under the circumstances. Unfortunately my letter
was seen by them In the Press so late that they were unable to do
more than they did in the matter.
M.K. Gandhi.

25

Letter of Mahatma Gandhi

If I am entirely satisfied as to the nature of and Implications

of the present Akall movement and the methods adopted to gain
the end , I should have no hesitation in throw ing myself heart and
soul Into It and even in burying myself In the Punjab if it become
necessary In order to gUide tho movement. The satisfaction that I
require Is on the following : -
I. The strength of the Akalis.
2. (a) A clear manifesto publicly stating the minimum which
I understand to be the performance of the Akhand Path ceremony
in the Gangsar Gurdwara. the Sikhs openly and sincerely declaring
that It has no political end that they do not desire. through the
Akhand Path movement in any shape of form. to carry on an
agitation directly or indirectly. for the restoration of Nabha
Maharaja. The agitation which the Akalls Intend to carryon in
connection with such restoration will be on an Independent footing
and will be purely a separate movement.
(b) In connection with the movement for control of
gurdwaras In every case of disputed control or possession. the
matter should be referred to arbitration. In the caSe of historical
iurdwaras. It will be assumed that all such gurdwaras must' remain
in the control of the S.G . P. Committee. But tho question of
54 SOME C0NFIDENTI AL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEME NT

fact whether a particular gurdwara is or Is not historical will be a

subject matter of arbitration. and the burden of proving that it
is s.o will lie on the shoulders of the S.G.P. Committee. With
reference to all other gurdwaras. all the facts in dispute should be
a subject matter of arbitration.
In the event of the party in possession of such gurdwaras
declining to surrender control to the S.G. P. Committee or to refer
the matter in dispute to arbitration. the Akalis would be free to
take such direct action as Is consistent with nonviolence in the
strictest sense of the term .
3. Foil assurance and , therefore, a document intended for
publication signed by all the principle leaders or on behalf of the
S.G.P.c. giving a description of the methods which will clearly set
forth all the implications of non-violence . By the term I do not
wish to convey that non-violence is to be regarded in the document
referred to above as the final creed of the Sikhs which I know It is
not. But I do under-stand that their methods so for as this
gurdwara movement is concerned, will be absolutely non-violent,
that is to say. the Akalis will be non-violent in thought. word and
deed in connection with all persons, whether government officiels,
English and othe rWise. or whether members of the public belonging
to any denomination whatsoever who may be regarded as apponents
of the objects of the Akali movement. Absolute adherence to
truth I regard as an integral part of any scheme of non-Violence.
whether it is temporary or permanent and whether it is restricted
to persons or places. it. therefore. admits of no diplomacy, as we
understand the term. and it rejects altogether the prevailing
naraml idea that it is legitimate to have surreptitious methods
with regard to opponents. It follows that there is to be no
secrecy.
4. That the movement is neither antjHindu nor anti-any
other race or creed.
S. That the S.G.P.C. has no desire for the establishment of
Sikh Raj and as a matter of fact, the Committee is purely a
 Mahatma Gandhi to Akall leaders
(No. 27, p. 55)

-
 ,
'\
l

 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE ANAL! MOVEMENT 53

rellgous body and. therefore. as such. can have no secular object

or Intention .

26

Dear friends.
I learnt through Pandlt Motl lal after you had gone. that the
S.G.P.C. w.s actu.lly defending the .ccused In the m~tcer of the
prosecution . of Akalls. I learnt too th.t Hindu temple within
the precincts of the Golden Temple had been destroyed by the
Akalls and that the letter took their stand upon religion. In your
letter which you have promised I would like you please to deal
with all these questions.
Yours sincerely
4th March 1924. M.K. qandhl,

27

As to the restoration of Nab~a Maharaja.

In my opinion. whatever the true facts may be. the Maharaja
has by his writing made It practically Impossible for his well.
wishers to carryon an .ffective agitation for his restoration. If.
however. he makes a public statement that all the writings were
practically extorted from him and that he Is quite willing and
anxious that .11 the facts against him should. be published .nd If he
is prepared to face all the consequences. of 'the agitation. viz .
depriv.tion oftltles. annuity. & c. . and lfall his allegations regarding
duress can be proved . It Is possible to carryon an effective and even
successful .gltatlon.
In any event when the declaration ' of <he . kind mentioned I.
made by the M~haraja: the agitation shuld be .. .11 India a,ltatlon".
The Akalis should merely .ssist in the elucld.tlon of facts .
-M.K, Gandhh
56 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMEN T

28
9-3-2-4_

My friends informed me to my surpirse that there was a

~ener'almisapprehension that after the Nankana tragedy I had
expressed an opinion that the Gurdwara Movement should have
been postponed till after the attainment of Swrajya_ And that my
recent letter was Intended to renew that opinion . I never once
expressed the opinion attributed to. me. as can be amply verified
from my writing and speeches of the time. Hy recent letter
was merely an advice to suspend and not necessarily to stop
altogether the sending of the then impending shahidl jatha till
after deliberations with Committee of non-Sikh friends and full
IntrOSpection and searching of the heart.
M.K. Gandhi
Poona, 9th Harch, 1924_

29

Amritsar,
April 20, 1924.
Dear Mahatma ji,
We regret that owing to a variety of circumstances, into
which it Is not necessary to enter, we have not been able so far
to reply to your letter dated 4th April. We have discussed the
issues raised in your letter and we wish to state that on all those
points our positiOn Is very clear_ We are glad that on these
points our \ljews coincide with yours and w,e can request to atonce
to declare them on your behalf again, if you like.
I. Yes. we agree that in matters of disputed control or
possession, arbitration should first be tried and if you study the
facts about our movement so far, you will find that we have
been following this practice. As you "y. it should be assumed that
all hi'torlcal Gurdwar.s must remain In the control of the S.G.P.C. ,
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEME NT 57

the onus of proving the historical character of a Gurdwara, when

questioned, will be on the S. G. P. C. With reference to all
other Gurdwaras, all the facts In dispute should be a matter
of arbitration. Satyagrah to be resorted to by the Akalis
only In the event of arbitration and other attempts at
amicable settlement being relected by the incumbent! . Sa t yagra h
is to be practised In the spirit of perfect non-violence. The spirit
of truth that should underlie such non-violent campaign requires
that our objectives and methods should be open and above-board.
The S.G.P.c. has been holding this principle and has always
enjoined It on Itse lf and ali those who have accepted its lead. We
have been successful In carrying it out into practice and It is a source
of great satisfaction to us that the public, on all occasions. has
acknowledged our doing so. Our expe rience of this method has
strengthened our faith in it and our adherence to It.
2. Our movement is ne ither anti-Hindu nor anti-any other
race or creed. Though essentially religious In spirit and objectives,
it Is thoroughly national in outlook. We have, therefore, all along
endeavoured to carry with us the sympathy, approval and good
wishes of all that is best in Ind ia or elsewhere; and we take pride
in the fact that we have been successful In it.
3. The movement is purely religious and has no secular
object or Intention. The S.G.P.C. is a purely religious body and
has no desire for the establishment of Sikh Raj . We have
repeatedly declared it whenever any such reflection has been cast
on our Intentions by Govt. So far this baseless charge has been
trotted out only by Govt. who may be interested In maligning us and
creating reversion against us among other communities. Jt is
most painful to us that it should have been necessary to have to
make this explanation even to you. Not only S.G . P.C. but no
other Sikh body or Individual entertains even In dream any idea or
desire of establishing Sikh Raj.
It is exactly because ours is a religiOUS mevem o. nt that although
we have sought and rece ived sympathy and support from non-Sikh
friends and Sikh and non-S ikh national worke rs, yet our people
58 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPI'RS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

have been very jealous of keeping the control and gUidance of the
Gurdwara movement In purely Sikh hand s, and we are glad to note
that our friends have appreciated this view and approved of it. Again,
It is exactly because of the same reason that we have not availed our-
selves of the frequent and affectionate offers of direct participation
in our religious satyagrah by non-Sikh friends, such as the offers of
Hindus and Mohammadans to form jathas and participate in our
suffering In the Guru-ka-Bag days and again I.. t winter when the S.G.
P. C. and the Akali D al were declared unlawful. Of course, we
cannot repay the deep debt of gratitude that we owe to Hindu and
Mahammadan friends like Pandlt Dlnanath, Swami Shardhanand,
Swami Vishwa Nand, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru, Gldwani Onkarnand .
Santanam. Kltchlewand others who have suffered for sympathising
with us. If for no other reason. the love of these friends and of
Malvyaji. Swami Shankeracharya. Ali Brothers. Mr. C. F. Andrews
and yourself would prevent us from becoming anti-Hindu or anti-any
other community or entertaining any dreams of dominating over
communities.

II

As for the significance of the Jaito struggle and Its Implications

we Wish to state as follows :-

Right of free congregation and free worship by holding reli-

gious diwans is the birth-right of the Sikhs. Not the deposition of
the Maharaja but the invasion of these rights at Jaito by the Nabha
Administration was the caUse of the going of jathas to Jaito.
The S. G. P. C. supported the protest of the Sikhs of the State
.galnst this action but the authorities turned the deaf ear to the
legitimate demand of the Sikh community and further aggravated
the pOSition by closing the Gurdwara and fnterruptlng the Akhand
Path by forcibly breaking the congregatfon. Thfs and thfs alone
was the cause of the sending of the iathas to ,..establlsh the rights
ass~iled : The S. G. P. C. has declared fn un",ulvocal terms fn Its
 SOME C O~FIDE NTI A L PAPEUS OF THE AK AL I MOVEME NT 59

communiques and In In structions to the daily jatha of 25 and

each Shahidi j atha of 500, that their objective Is to re-establi sh
the right of free congregation and free worsh ip. The S. G. P. C.
has not had, nor has, any other objective than this and certainly
does not wish to make Gangsar Gurdwara its ba;e of operations
to carryon the propaganda against Nabha deposit ion under the
cloak of pilgrimage and Ak h .md Path. At t he same t ime the
S. G. P. C. wishes to make It cl ear that Its r esolution to get the
wrong done to His Highness righted by all peaceful and legit imate
means stands In full force and that the S. G. P. C. will leave no
stone uncurned to carry out that resolution in consonance w ith
its wording. It is our Inten tion that when the Gurdwara Is thrown
open to us we should depart within a few days after establishing
our rights and ma king necessary arrangements for the fulfilment of
our vow of completing 101 Akhand Paths there. We do not wish
to make any unnecessary de lay In completing the above number of
paths. We would rather desi re to have as many simU ltaneous
paths as can be performed with due respect and ceremony. The
only Implication that we can think of is that we feel that we
will have fallen short of our duty if in the jaito Gurdwara we do
not ra ise our voice to mark the feeli ng of the Panth about the
martyrdom at jalto and also about the religious grievance of
Nabha wrong, out of which the whole jalto affa ir has sprung.
Nobody has any right to impose any restrictions on us as to the
number of pilgrims. period of Stay, and mode of worship in our
Gurdwaras.
It should be hoped that the establishment of our rights and
the fulfilment of our vow would be carried out amicably and In truly
religious spirit and that the auth o rities will not create any compli-
cations again by any Interference with our legitimate religiOUS
rights.
We hope the above statement will make our whole pOSition
dear to you and convince you . If you have any further views on
the matter kindly commu nicate them to us. And so long as we do
60 SOME CONF IDENTIAL P APERS OF T HE AKALI MOVEM El\T

not hear from you that you completely agree with us we would
request you to keep It confidential and not publish It. On our part
we think that we have sufficiently and frequently enough
declared our position In public and that no new announcement is
nec.essary.
As for the suggestio n about making N.b ha de position an AII-
India question and as a pre paration for that securing ce rtain
announcements from His Highness. it requires much consideration
and there Is no immediate pressing need of coming to a decision
on the matter.
A, for the query about the strength of the Akalls we have
the satisfaction that the whole P a>l th is with us except a few
Individual mahants who are opposed to us for selfish e nds. The
number of Akali satyagrahis depends upon the Intensity of
repression.
We agree with you In principle on the question of non-
violence and In its methods and Implications too. We mainly
agree with you . But we have difference of opinion on two
points. I. e., about the question of the alleged show of force
Involved In a considerable number of men practising satyagTah at
the same time and the questio n of disobeying the order of arrest.
These points We have dealt with In a separate note annexed
herein. You will see that second question has not yet arisen
and the discussion about It i. merely academic.

111
Pandit Motl lal Nehru was right in Informing you that many
of the Akali leaders are defending themselves In the present
conspiracy cas. against them. They are doing so In this case
because the charge Is extraord inary, I. e .. that they want to seize
the Punjab. They want to combat that wicked charge posItively
instead .of by the negative method of denying It In their statment.
The wisdom of their action Is proveci by .the fact that the caSe
has ~een &oing'on for the I.st sill month. but: t~. , pro~ecution has
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS 0 1' THE AKALI MOVEMENT 61

not ventured to bring even a shred of eVidence about this charge.

Another reason Is that the whole course 01 the Gurdwara movement
has been made the subject of inquiry and they wish to prevent
the history of their movement from being murdered. That even you
have found It necessary to ask for repudiation on our part of the
charge of desiring a Sikh Raj and harbouring III-will against other
communities, shows how (or the Government has succeeded in
clouding the Issues and how necessary It was to fight this campaign
of misrepresentation.

Almost all national leaders . Pandlt Motl Lal included . had

approved of this d lclslon and went further to form an Akall Legal
Defence Commi tte which . however. died without funct ioning.
We also want to make it clear that the S. G. P. C. has never
adopted any resolution of the boycott of courts and has gone to
courts many a time. deciding Its polley on every occasion accord-
ing to the nature and circumstances of the case. Generally we
have not sought redress In courts. but when advisable. have
confined ourselves only to defence. It should be noted that ours
is a religious representative body containing men of all shades of
opinion, cooperators and non-co-operators. Our very demand for
a Gurdwara law shows that if such a law Is given to us we must use
the courts. We may also point out that In the present case 13
out of 46 are not defending themselves. The second batch of 58
members of the S. G. P. C. convicted under Section 17 (2) Cr.
L. A. A. did not defend themselves and nor did thousands of
other Akalls PUt In any defence who have been flung Into jails.
As for the demolition of a Hindu temple within the precincts
of the Golden Temple the facts are these:-
There was a Hindu image. Shiva -lingam. In a corner of the
Parlka rma of theGolden Temple which had bee n introduced In recent
times. The Sikhs are not Idol-worshippers and the S.G.P.C. had al_
ways looked forwa rd to an amicable removal of the Image in consul-
tation with Hindu leaders: In fact this matter had been broached
with Pandlt Malavyaji and Swami Shankeracharya. both of whom
62 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

had agreed with the Sikh view. Before the S. G. P. C. could

achieve this consummation or had at all set about It, some
Irresponsible and misguided men, most probably Sikhs. demolished
it one night in April 1923 without even the knowledge of the
S. G. P. C. or any person connected with it. When it was dis
covered the next morning, the S. G. P. C. hastened to condemn
this action and expressed its deep regret in public and its readiness
to make amends to Injured Hindu sentiments in conSistency with
the principles of Sikhism. While we resent to be called idol
breakers, we dare not figure as Idolerectors. So the restoration
of the image by the S. G. P. c., the trustee of Rel igious reform,
was out of question. Even from a practical point of view, the
replacing of the image with a view to Its ultimate removal, and
with the daily risk of Its desecration by irresponsible people, was
not advisable. Short of It we were ready to make it up to our
Hindu brethern In a hundred ways. By a strange Irony of fate the
Image was demolished on the same night, April 12, when about
1600 Akalis were patrolling the streets of Amritsar to protect the
life and property of Hindus and their temples and Thakardwaras.
This combination of circumstances pained the S.G.P.C. most.

IV
Most of the suggestions made In your first letter have already
been adopted and carried out by us and we have been trying to act
in the spirit wh ic h you are anxious to Inculcate. It appears that
as yet you have not had the opportun ity to go through the literature
on the movement published by us and also that our representatives
have not been able to adequately explain many important points.
We now proceed to take up the points discussed in your note
and state our position with regard to each.
I. From the beginning we have put forward only the min imum
of our demand and have repeatedly dEcllred it in the press and on
the platform and In conferences with th e representatives of the
Government. We have never changed our position or made any
 SOME CONF IDENTIAL P APE RS OF THE AKALJ MOVE MEXT 63

addition to our minimum in favourable weather. That minimum has

always been the following :-
(aJ We want a law that would provide for a central, repre-
sentative and elected body of the Sikhs as the trustee of ali historical
Gurdwaras. I.e., those connected with the memory of any Sikh Guru,
martyr, saint or historical personage. These Gurdwaras are mentioned
in authentic Sikh books.
The Government has all along admitted that the existing law
is defective and that there is great need of reform, but for reasons
of its own has persistently set Its face against conceding the demand
for a central body, as mentioned above.
(bJ We want the freedom of our religious symbol , the
Kripan or sword from all restrictions as to wearing possessing,
carrying, manufacturing and selling or size or (orm. This Is not a
new demand, but an old essential religiOUS principle and the struggle
for It is as old as modern reform movement. For a fuller statement
see pages 462-476 of the book named "Gurdwara Reform
Movement" . Our claim is that the Law as it exists gives us this
freedom, but the Government has been Interpreting it differently
on different occasions according to its att itude towards the Sikhs.
2. The above are the minimum demands. It should not be
understood that the Sikhs do not want to reform the Sikh religiOUS
and charitable public trusts, other than historical , which are
mlsmanaged _ It is hoped that when the main problem of the
historical Gurdwaras is solved, there will be no difficulty in improving
the condition of other religiOUS institutions by securing their
management according to the conditions of their foundation. The
present struggle, however, is confined to historical Gurdwaras
alene.
3. We agree that reasoning and arbitration should be
sincerely tried before resorting to Satyagrah in order to assert the
S.G_P.C's. right to control and manage a particular historical
G urdwara. This has been our praCtice all along.
Generally when the efforts of locai Sikhs to reform a Gurdwara
64 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF TIm AKALl MOVEMENT

through persuation have failed and in some c.ses when even Law
Courts have not granted redress, the S. G. P. C. is moved to take
the matter in hand. The S.G.P.C. invites the mahant to remove
the defects and consent to work under a committee represent.tive
of the local san gat and affili.ted to the S.G.P.C. Respe<table and
impartial persons, Sikhs and even non-Sikhs, of the locality are
requested to Intervene and exert their influence to bring about an
amicable settlement. If the Government Is not in a spasm of
repression at the time, these counsels often prevail. The purpose
of reform be ing attained, the mahant is treated generousiy in
regard to his maintenance. So many Gurdwaras have been affiliated
In this way. But if the Government as is often the case, is in a
repressive mood, the mahants are put up and would not listen to
reason, entreaty or arbitration. In some cases even those who have
atcepted the control of the S.G.P.C. and Signed an agreement, throw
up their connection With the S. G. P. C. In such cases, after all
other means have failed, it betomes Imperative for the Sikhs to
reform the Gurdwara by non-violent suffering. If aQ.Y possession has
been taken by some enthusiatlc Sikhs without satisfying the above
preliminaries the S.G .P.C. has condemned such action and ordered
the possession to be restored to the mahant even though, reform
was urgently needed .
Our mode of suffering Is perfectly non-violent. All those who
have seen the Sikhs' suffering have been convinced of their sincerity
and non-vlolente. It is only the Government that has brought out
convenient charge of show of force against the Akall Satyagrahis In
order t.o dis-credit the movement although in Guru-ka-Bagh affair It
felt obliged to adm it that the Ak31is had bee n completely non-
violent. Generally we have been practising Satyagrah In small
numbers i. e. in batches of one, two, three or four. In the Keys
affair, Individual speakers dis-obeyed the Seditious Meetings Act. In
Guru-ka-Bagh affair, jathas went to court arrest in batches of four.
During the beatings the daily jathas proceed ing to Guru-ka.Bagh
were stopped on the way by police and ordered to disperse, on their
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AJ(ALI MOVEMENT 63

refusal they were beaten to unconsciousness. Nobody complained of

their overawing any body. If they had been allowed to proceed they
would have offered for arrest in batches of four. Even now at Bhai
Pheru, batches of (our go out to court arrest. On other occasions,
such as In the Spring of 1922 when hundreds were arrested. there
was no question of show of force. for the Akalis did not offer
themselves for arrest. but were hauled up from their homes by
moving columns of police and military In pursuance of an official
campaign of repression. The present struggle at Jalto has arisen in
peculiar circumstances ne:essitatlng the sending of larger numbers.
This we hold is qU ite compatible with the spirit of non-viole nce.
which we hold is as the essential of our success. At Jalto. two of
our dear religious rights were assailed without which a Sikh .. to
be true to his faith cannot rest ". One is the right of assembling
In the form of a congregation or San g"t and the other is to freely
carryon Paths and other ceremonies of worship in our Gurdwaras.
These rights were assailed by the officials of the British Administra-
tion of Nabha at Jalto. when they blockaded the congregation for
many days and eventually broke it up and carried away Its members
under arrest and Interrupted the Akhand Path going on in the
Gurdwara. All access to the Gurdwara was stopped and Sikhs pro-
hibited from congregating and resuming the interrupted Akha71d
Path.
Batches of 2S ~Sikh pilgr ims have been daily going to Jaito
since the 15th September. 1923. I.e . for more than 6 months and
have been beaten. humiliated. arrested and deported. The position
of the Sikhs from the beginning has been the same and based on a
principle. But the Government has frequently shifted Its position
and tried to impose restrictions on the number of pilgrims, number
of Paths and the period of the stay of the Sangat in the Gurdwara.
Acceptance of any of these limitations would mean. for the Sikhs.
the surrender of the religious principle at stake.
In your suggestion about the limitation of satygrahis to <'one
or at the most two" you have not taken to account the srgnificance
of the institution of sangat in Sikhism and the principle of numbers
6 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERSrlF THE AKALl MOVEMENT

involved in the Jaito struggle. As you will see from the first
chapter of the book the Gurdwara Reform Movement, the holding
of and worshipping in sangats is an essential part of Sikhism. The
sangat is believed as the Guru incorporate. From the time of
Guru Nanak onwards, Sikhs in large numbers have been proceeding
to Gurdwaras and congregating therein. The freedom of temples
would mean nothing without the free and unfettered exercise of
this right. This issue was never so clearly involved at any
other place in this movement, therefore, some find it a little
difficult to understand the developments of the struggle at Jaito.
To further cloud the issue, the Government and the Anglo-Indian
press have persistently spread misrepresentations about it.

v
After haVing tried for a long time to reform the Gurdwaras
through the agency of law courts, arbitration, agitation and other
ordinary means, and having failed, the Sikhs h.ve been compelled
to adopt the way of suffering taught by their Gurus. The idea is
to civilly disobey certain official orders pertaining to the Gurdwaras
and thus Invite suffering on ourselves, remaining perfectly non
violent. This method has been adopted with the conviction that it
will lead to success by moving the callous heart of the oppressor by
presenting to him the sight of suffering inflicted by him and that by
cheerfully enduring this suffering strength will be evoked in us and
the public will be convinced of the depth of our feeling and the
sincerity of our cause. Th is suffering may take the form of impri-
sonment, fines, beating or death.
Government at first tried' the policy of wholesale arrests in
1921 and the first hal f of i922. In spite of inflicting severe sentences
it failed to suppress the ardour of the Sikhs. Then in August 1922,
in Guru-ka-Bagh affair Government deliberateiy adopted the policy
of disperSing the Sikhs proceeding to the Gurdwara by inflicting
inhuman beating on them which created a sensation throughout the
world. The prayerful non-violent attitude and the undaunted
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF TH E AKALl ,1OVEME>lT 67

>teadfastness of the Sikhs under this severe trial, and the pressure
of public opinion convinced the Government of the futility of this
step and it reverted to the former polley of making arrests. That
eve n failed for daily a batch of one hundred Sikhs offered itse lf for
arrest in a perfectly non-violent manner for full two months Without
breath. There seemed to be no end to this stream of Sikhs volun
teering to be C\rrested. Thousands Were rendered destitute and
homeless by heavy fines and wholesale unscrupulous attachments.
After haVing arrested about 6,000 t he Government found an excuse
to extricate Itself from Its wrong posit ions. In the present jaito
struggle the Government tak ing lesson from Its failure at Guru- ka-
Bagh tried to avoid maki ng arrests o f large numbers of Akalls and
adopted the policy of cat-and-mlce play. The daily batches of 25
pilgrims were nominally arrested, often being beaten and humiliated
before arrest, and were taken hundreds of miles away by train and
sent adrift unprovided in the jungles of Bawal , an outlying dominion
of Nabha State. These iathas often walked long distances back to
jalto to re-arrest the right and met the same fate. This con t inued
for months and the Government was absolutely unmoved. The
religious sacrilege at jaito remained unremdied and the religious
r ight of pilgrimage and worship rem2ined unredeemed. After five
months the Sikhs resolved to take intenser and vaster suffering upon
themselves by sending Shahid i iathas of 500. The objective and the
oath of non-v iolence of these iathas was the same as of the previous
smaller iathas. The first Shahid i J atlia that arrived at ja ito on
21 st February was ordered to disperse and , on Its refusal to comply
with this order. was fired upon. It w.s perfectly Justified in
refusing to disperse for a Sikh can not surrender his religious right
of freely visiting the Gurdwara. When the Sikhs advanced even
under fire to the Gurdwara, the authorities discontinued the firing
and ordered the pol ice and military to beat them down and carry
them away. The second, th ird and fourth Shahid i J athas on their
arrival at jalto, were ordered to be arrested and got themselves
arrested because from the treatment meted OUt to the first jatha
It appeared that the Government meant to make genuine arrests.
68 SOME CO)lFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AK"'LI MOVEMENT

So far the question of disobeying the order of arrest has not arisen.
and this discussion is only academic.

But If it come to that the Sikhs believe that they have a right
to disobey a mere order of arrest. compatibly with their oath of
non-v iolence. Of course. while disobeying such an order only
passive resistance Is to be offered. There is to be absolutely no
retaliation , but only mere suffering Is to be invited on ourselves by
refUSing to obey the mere words of command for arrest. For
instance the ja tha advances to the Gurdwara and is stopped by an
officer who declares It under arrest. The jatha will continue to
advance as long as it is possible Without physical stoppage by the
Government forces. If it is surrounded it will sit down and nOt
move unless beaten and carried away. There its policy of disobe-
dience will cease and while in jail its members will obey all orders
unless repugnant to religion. If one word is to suffice to make us
give up our pilgrimage and to submit to cat-and-mouse policy, then
that prohibitory word could be pronounced as we step out of the
Golden Temple or even. while we are In our homes. In fact that
order has already been pronounced and if we are not to move our
legs at the mere presence of the order, we had better give up the
movement itself. If we have got the right to disobey the order of
prohibition and proceed to Jaito, and reaching there disobey the
order of dispersal. and if in doing so we have remained perfectly
non-violent. then we have certainly got the further r ight of passively
disobeying the order of arrest and still maintain our non-violence.
We are compelled to consider the neceSSity of extending the field of
our suffering on account of the continued and Increased callousness
of the Government. It should be borne in mind that we are not
fight ing fo r any ord inary wordly rights but for the most precious
right of religious liberty not to win any new rights. but to retain
those already ours. w it hout wh ich our life is Impossible. After full
deliberations and intense experience of the consequences of civil
disobedience we are obliged to admit that we do not agree that
res istance of an order of arrest In the manner described above falls
 SOME (OI'FlDENTIAL PAI' ERS 0.' THE AKALI MOVEMENT 69

under the category of violence. This passive resistance Is very

limited and conditioned by the circumstances of the present
struggle. It Is not a general undefined policy to be exercised
widely. It is to be resorted to under special circumstances not out
of wEakness, but out of wil li ngness to take greater suffering.
Another practical consideration derived from experience Is
that sLffering In order to be more effective must take the form of
an imFresslve demonstration and Its intensity should vary with the
hardness of the oppressor's heart. It is a patent fact that Govern.
ment has become more and more hardened.
The idea or increasing th(" number of sufferers is to make our
intense suffering lJaster . and th ere Is no "show of force" when the
whole jatha Is to act in perfect co-ordination like one man and goes
only to suffer and not to inflict suffering.
I beg to remain,
Yours truly,
Secretary,
Shromonl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.

Basis proposed by the Committee on the 7th April , present

S. Naraln Singh, Bawa Hark ishan Singh, S. Mehtab Singh, S.
Te)a Singh.
I. Letter from Nabh .
2. Akhand Path open.
3. Declaration . by S.G . P.c. regarding above.
4. Cancellation of notification Cr. L.A .A. and no further arrest.
5. Stopp.ge of Jathas to Bh.i Pheru.
6. Blrdwood Com mi ttee's recommendations about bill and
Klrpan .
7. S. G. P. C. to give undertaking to work the Bill in letter
and spirit If they are allowed to conSider the Bill in full Session,
before the Introduction in Cou ncil , whether in Jail or outside.
8. Release of all Sikh prisoners convicted or under trail In
connection with Kirpan, Jaito affair, Bhai Pheru , C.L.A.A., Black
pagri (Military) , and the case against S. B. Mehtab Singh and others.
70 SOME GO NFIDE~TIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENr

9. If there be any difference of opinions between the S.G.P.C.

3nd Government about .any particular prisoner or prisoners. the
Birdwood Committee should decide whether they rail under item 8.
10. (Enquiry Into) Jalto firing by an independent committee
or even the Blrdwood Committee.
II. Convictions connected with S.G .P.c. movements not to
carry any legal disqualifications or disabilities, nor will matters
connected with the ~ movement form any basis for further
prosE:cution.
12. These terms to be kept strictly confidential.
( Draft of a proposed statement by Maharaja of Nabha )
I deeply appreciate the sympathy expressed with me In the
Panth but I have reasons to believe that the Interests of myself, my
house and my state would be best served, If the Nabha agitation Is
now dropped. I. therefore. request the S.G.P.c. to exert its
influence in the Panth for this purpose.
Notes handed over to General Blrdwood on 16th April 1924-:
I. If assurance given about prisoners without prejUdice.
Jodh Singh and Naraln Singh In any case Join.
2. If letter obtained from Nabha. and Akhand Path at Jalto
begins. the Gurdwara committee will publicly drop Nabha
agitation.
3. Government cou Id then cancel the notification.
4. The sending of jathas to any Gurdwara will be stopped.
5. The Committee will examine witnesses and make Its
report
6. The Government will make it possible for S.G.P.C. meeting
of the original members to be held. It goes before the council
and when It passed and becomes an Act. releases will follow.
I. The Government was ' preparsd to give a bill according to
the wishes of the S.G.P.C.
2. That they were prepared. to release all prisoners.
3. That the Sikh representation In , the Panjab Council will
be Interested at 25 p. c.
4. That a Council of 3 Sikhs could be appointed for Nabha.
 S01!E CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMEC'fT 71

5. The rulers of Sikh states do not abjure their religion.

6. That a Land Board would see that Sikh soldiers are
generously treated.
I. Kirpan and Kali Pagri prisoners in the army .
2. If there is any doubt c!s to the release of a prisoner, this
Committee would decide.
3. If this Committee can hold Jaito enquiry also, it will be
accepted.
Basis proposed by General Sir William Blrdwood-present S.
N.rain Singh, Mr. Craik, General and S. Jodh Singh, 17 April 1924.
I. All Jathas should stOp ( I ) Jaito (2) Bhai Pheru and
elsewhere.
2. The Government would not make any fresh arrests under
C. L. A. A.
3. S.G. P.C. to publicly withdraw from the Nabha agitation
on receiving an assurance from the Maharaja that he abdicated
voluntarily and desired the agitation to be stopped.
4. The release of the Pr isoners. When the Gurdwara Act
becomes law. Gurdwara and Kirpan prisoners, including Jaito and
Bhai Pheru, C.L.A.A. prisoners, convicted or und.er trail.
5. These terms to be kept absolutely confidential.
6. S.G . P.C. undertake to carry out the actual spirit as well
as the letter of the law passed.
7. The Akhand Fath can be performed, prOVided no political
speeches are made there and jatha leaves the state a fter they have
performed thei r Akhand Path .
Draft Resolution by the Panjab Government to be published
Simultaneously with the announcement of the personnel of the
Birdwood Committee.
Certain conversations have recently taken place between the
Panjab Government on the one hand and certain elected Sikh
members of the Pan jab Legislative Council on the other hand with
the object of ensuring a favourable atmosphere fer the deliberations
of the Birdwood Committee, the personnel of which is announced
to.day.
72 SOME CONFIDEXTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVE~IENr

I. The Governor in Council has decided in order that there

should be no misunderstanding on the part of any section of the
community to publish the result of these conversations and the
understanding arrived at, which has been approved of by the
Government of India.
2. (a) On the other hand the Government of India have
agreed to permit the performance of Akhand Path ceremony in
the Gangsar Gurdwara at jaica, on being given a written assurance
by the Sikh members of the Council who have taken part in the
(onversation, that the (eremony will be concluded as speedily as Is
consistent with the due performance of religious observances and
that the ceremony Including the Ardas at ItS conclusion will not
be made the occasion for any form of political propaganda.
(b) On the commencement of Akhand Path orders will be
issued from Sirl Akal Takht Sahib, stopping the despatch of all
lathas to Jaito or elsewhere and disbanding all lath as now on the
march. The members of such lath as will be allowed to proceed to
Jaito should they deSire, but only as individuals and not as part of
any organised iatha.
(c) The PanJab Government, with the approval of the
Government of India agree to cancel the noeification proclaiming
the S. G. P. Comm ittee and the Shromoni Akali Dal as unlawful
associations under Act XIV of 1908, on the Parbandhak Committee
making a public announcement which will be binding on bOI h
associations that It has decided, in order to create a favourable
atmosphere for the Birdwood Committee, to abandon all forms of
propaganda and agitation against Government either in Nabha or
elsewhere. The Panjab Government further agree that on the
cancellation of the notification, they will refrain from making
further arrests under the Cr. L. A. A.
(d) The leading members of the S.G.P.c. will give a written
assurance :-
(i) To give all facilities within the ir power to the proceedings
of the Birdwood Committee.
 SO)lE CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE Al{ALI MO VEMENT 73

(1/) To carry out the spirit as well as the letter of any act that
may be passed with the consent of the Sikh members of the
Legislative Council as a result of the Blrdwood Committee's delibera-
tions. The Panjab Government will give all reasonable facilities for
the obtaining of this assuran,es from these members of the S.G .P.C.
who are in jail in ccnsequence of the notifications of October
last.
3. On an Act being passed to which the Governor-General has
assented, the Government of India and the Punjab Government
undertakes to release the following classes of prisoners.
(a) Prisoners convicted for offences connected with Kirpans.
(b) Prisoners convicted or under trial for offences connected
with the forcible seizure of Gurdwaras and klndered offences,
Including prisoners at JOlto.
(c) Prisoners convicted or under trial under C. L. A. A.
This will not Include persons convicted of or charged with serious
crimes of violence or persons convicted by Military Courts.
4. The Pan jab Government undertake to take such steps
as be in "their power to prevent the fact of imprisonments from
prejudicing the careers of released prisoners.
The Government of India do not desire to press for the
Imposition of time limit to the Akhand Path but in View of the
local conditions It is essential that a date should be fi xed by which
the concourse of visitors from outside should leave the state. Plague
is already rife at Jailo and the assembly of large number of persons
might easily lead to an outbreak of cholera. Tbe water supply is
limited to two wells, one of which is already condemned as unsafe,
and the supply of food in Jalto itself is extremely limited. Finally
[t is not fair to place on a smali state the financial burden of keeping
indefinitely in a remote place the numbers of officials whose
presence will be necessiated by a large influx of visitors from
out side.
For these reasons the Government must insist that no
visitors from outside will remain within the state for more than .. .
74 SOME CON FIDE NTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

day. after the commencement of the Akhand Pat,h.

Draft proposed
24.4.24
The Parbandh.k Commltee being solely concerned With
relig ious matter. and being actuated by a sincere desire to advance
the well-being of their brother Sikh co.rel lglonl.ts Is most .nxlous
to prove to the world that It is prepared to meet Gener.1 Birdwood
Committee half way and thereby to create a new happier atmosphere
and make it pos;lble to come to conclusion as regards the future
management of Gurdwaras which will be sat i.factory to all
concerned. Further h.v i~ g regard to the declaration of the Maharaja
of Nabha that he Is not responsible for the pre.ent agitation about
Nabh. affairs and has no .ympathy with It, . the Committee now
makes public declaration In con nect ion with Nabha will be dropped,
and further It announces that If an Akhand Palh I. commenced
at Jalto, orders will be Issued to .top at once all Jathas proceeding
to Jaito or to any other shrine pending the conclusion of General
Blrdwood Gommittee-also all propaganda In ' any way crltlet.lng
the action of Government will cease.

3S

Copy of the letter of Nabha

am not respon.ible for the present agitation about Nabha

affairs.
SdJRipudaman Singh
31.7.23.
P. S. and have no sympathy With it.
SdJR. S.
Prelent-
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL P APER S OF TH EA KAU MOVEME NT 75

Col. Minchin
General Blrdwood.
Mr. Cralk
S. Naraln Singh
S. Jodh Singh
Dated 24424.
Went to fort.
I. Naraln Singh
2. Myself
3. S. B. Mahtab Singh
4. B. Harklshan Singh
5. S. Teja Singh
This proposal rejected.

36

Proposed Baai. of Settlement

25.4. 1924
I guarantee on behalf of the Akal Takht that If one latha of
25 Is allowed to commence an Akhand Path In fhe Gangsar
Gurdwara, the council will undertake that the performance of the
A khand Path by the Jatha will occupy not more than 9 days.
after which the Jatha Including the readers. will. leave the
state.
They further undertake that the ceremony Includ ing the
Ardas will be purely rel igious. also that there will be no political
speeches or propaganda In the state territory.
I. consideration for the above concessions, the S. G. P. C.
guarantee that despatch of all jathas to Nabha or other form of
direct action will cease Immed iately the Akhand Path commences.
Individual Sikhs will be allowed to visit the Gangsar Gurdwara.
provided that they Indulge in no political speaking or propaganda
while In the state territory. Further when Birdwood Committee
Commences Its sittings. the despatch off all jathas throughout the
76 SOME CONFlDEXTIAL PAPERS OF THE AK."cLI MOVEMENT

Punjab will cease.

These terms to be kept strictly coufidential by both the
parties
Present
I. Colonel Minchin
2. General Birdwood
3. Mr. Craik
4. Jodh Si ngh
Basis of settlement proposed by the Government. leav ing
Nabha question aside . Date 25. 4. 24.

37
25-4-14
When the Bill proposed by the Blrdwood Committee becomes
law. with the (onsene of the Sikh members of Legislature Council
these classes of prisoners will be released:-
(a) Prisoners convicted in connection with Kirpan .
(b) Prisoners with the forcible seizure of Gurdwaras including
Jaito affair.
(c) Prisoners convicted or under trial under C. L. A. act
including the case against Sardar Bahadur Mehtab Singh and others.
All serious crimes of violence wil l be excepted.
This and the draft about Jalto shown to S.B.S. Mehtab Singh,
B. Harklshan Singh, S. Te]a Singh on 25. 4. 24 with the result that
S. G. P. C. should give nothing as a confidential undertaking and
(B) Public communique was suggested.
(Written in the hand of Bhal Jodh Singh , a member of the
Birdwood Committee)

38
28.4. 1924
New Terms

The following new terms were suggested by S. Jodh Singh

at a conversation held on the 28th April. at which General Sir
 SOME CONFI DEN TI A L PAPE RS 0 17 THE AKALI MOVE MENT 77

William Bird, Colonel Minchin and Mr. Cralk were Present:-

I. The attached draft communique by S. G. P. C. to be
Issued with the om mission of the last sentence and the words
' necessity of' in the penult imate sentence. It should be understood
that this commun ique does not imply the defin ite abandonment of
the Nabha agitation by the S. G, P. C.
2. On the time of the communique referred to In (I) one
of the dally Jathas of 25 arriving at Jaito should be given permission
to commence on Akhand Path. 101 Akhand Paths in . all will be
performed according to the vow taken. The S. G. P. C. Is unable
on rel igious grounds to give an explicit assurance that the ceremony
will be concluded with in any fixed term. but S. Jodh Singh assures
that Judging from the attitude of the S. G . P. c. , every effort will
be made by means of the prov ision of as large a number of readers,
etc., as possible to finish the ceremony as qUickly as possible.
3. As soon as an Jkhand Path Is commenced, orders to ,issue
from the S. G . P. C. stopping or dispand ing all Jathas now on the
march, including the Lyal lpur Jatha, members of such jathas to be
free to proceed to Jalto as individuals but not marching in military
formation as jathas.
4. S. Jodh Singh considers that the S. G. P. C. would not
consent to the publicatiOn of a st.tement by Government on the
lines of paragraph 4th of the telegram from the Government of
India No. 835- S of the 26th of " .prll.
5. The Ardas at the conclusion of Akhand Path would con"ln
no prayer for the restoration of Maharaja or any other words which
could be Interpretted as propaganda aga inst the Government.
6. As soon as A khand Path is commenced, Government
would announce the personnel of the Blrdwood Committee.
7. The Parbandhak Committee would then make a public
announcement that in order to create a favourable atmosphere for
the Birdwood Committee, they have decided to su'pend all form
of propaganda against Government both in Nabha and elsewhere
and also to suspend the sending of jath.s to any destination. <It is
understood that the despatch of the lathas to laito would be finally
78 SOM.E CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

stopped as soon as the Akhand Path commences).

The foregoing statement will be binding on the AkaU Oal as
well as the S. G. P. C.
8. On the publication of this announcement the PanJab
Government will cancel the notification of October last proclaiming
the Parbandhak Committee and the Akall Dal as unlawful associa.
tlons. It being distinctly understood that should any unlawful form
of agitation regarding the Nabha affair be renewed. anybody or any
association direct ing or encouraging that agitation will again be
proclaimed. and the Government would refrain from making arrests
under the C. l. A. A. Act and from attaching property In realization
of fines.
9. The S. G. P. C. will give a written assurance,
(a) to give all facilities within their power to the
proceedings of the Birdwood Committee,
(b) to carryout the sp irit as well as the letter of any act
that may be passed as the result of the Blrdwood Committee's
deliberation with the consent of the Sikh members of the
Legislative Council.
The P.anjab Government will give all reasonable facilities for
the obtaining of this written assurance irom the members of the
S. G. P. c., now In jail.
10. On an act being passed to which the Governor general
has consented, Government undertakes to release the following
classes 0 f prisoners:
(a) Pri,oners convicted In connection with Kirpan;
(b) Prisoners convicted In connection with the forcible
seizure of Gurdwaras an<l connected offences.
(c) Prisoners convicted or under trial under the C. L. A.
Act X.
It Is suggested that word "unconditionally" should be Inserted
as exception will be made in the case of persons convicted of serious
crimes of violence and of those covicted by Military Courts.
II . As regards releases, Government undertakes to take
 SUME CO-:<FlDENTlAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 79

such steps as He in its power to prevent the fact of imprisonment

from prejud Icing the careers of released prisoners.
Doubtful cases to be considered by a committee which wili
make recommendations to Government consisting of the following:-
(a) Sir William Birdwood or, if he is not available, a Judge
of the High Court.
(b) A nominee of the Parbandhak Committee.
(e) Chief Secretary to Panjab Govt., Mr. Craik.

39

The working Committee approves the programme lor

compromise as drafted and It empowers the following Sub
Committee to work out the details In consultation with the working
Committee in Fort Jail.
S. Mangal Singh
S. Daulat Singh
S. Raja Singh
Present
I. S. ArJan Singh
2. S. Niranjin Singh
3. S. Partap Singh
4. S. Harbans Singh
5. S. Lashman Singh
6. S. Mangal Singh
7. S. Daulat Singh
8. S. Gopal Singh
Dated 28.4.24
Whole story told to the outer Working Committee.

40

Dtaft Communique
(Proposed on April 28. 1914)
The S. G. P. C. has repeatedly and clearly declard Its position
80 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AI{ALI MOVEMENT

with regard to the Akhand Path aff.ir In Its Communiques and

instructions to the Jathas given at Sri Akal Takht. But .s misunder-
standings apear to have been created In certain quarters It once
again relter.tes its real position.
The only object of sending Jathas to Jalto Is to establish the
right of Sikhs to worship and congregate for religious purposes
Without hinderance. It has been mede clear that the S. G. P. C. has
no other objective than this and certainly do not wish to make
the Gurdwara Gangsa r a base of operations to carryon the
propaganda against Nabha deposition under the cloak of
performance of pilgrimage and Akhilnd Path. As soon as 101
Aklw lld Path s are finished with due reverence and ceremony and
their vow fulfilled, the Jathas will have no further Incentive to
stay there. It need not be added thar In the event of existing
restrictions being removed the sending of futher Jathas to Ja ito or
any other form of direct action will cease. (The deleted sentence
Is not Included here.)
The words to be used in the Ardas aher the akhand Path s
at )aito.

41

"d Rii II'3R'<J, ft'(,)R'<i <N, {?i"Gf'~ ~o d~

3 H<J'a'tI' B1 f!1\l3'
f~ <JCf ~~o R<J'til <i~ I a.!CI~{'Ol iiiCIIRo i8 il {~ 11'0 3 "Gf'3Cf'
... ... il f~ij" ;'i a.!31:!tf ftJ{'~ F.!<J1B iii! <Jo 3 ftli'i.t 3~i 3~i il aRc
R<JTa uo, ~<'jt B1 W'!; \Jato'o ail 3 ~<'ji B RO!it'll)ff ~ fRtf1
fRBii' 3 R'31 Eltfii, 3 floe RC113 ~ ~lii il \!Cfi?;{' 3 ;me B1 llHae'
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT tit

42
3041924

Instructions for Shal jodh Singh and Narain Singh.

I. We agree to the omission of the words ' necessity of'
In place of the last sentenc, the following may be substituted in
the communique:
"It should be understood that this communique does in no
way imply the abandonment of the Nabha question by the
S.G.P.c."
or
It should be understood that if the above is not included in
the communique the S, G. P. C. will be free to announce this fact ,
if necessary.
The word 'definite' to be omitted and the word 'agitation' to
be replaced by 'question'.
2. Line 2, omit the words 'daily' and 'of 25'.
Line 7, omit the word 'explicit'.
Line 8, omit 'but'.
Line 9, add however after Single'.
3. For this para subst itute:
"As soon as the S. G. P. C. learns of the removal of restric
tlons at Gurdwara Gangsar, jaito, no new jatha will be sent to jaito
from anywhere by the S. G. P. C. Jathas already on the way will
be Instructed to intraln at the nearest railway station and reach
jaito as soon as possible and proceed to the Gurdwara singing
shabad.
4. Omit.
5. Omit para 5.
For information of Bha! Jodh Singh only.
6. Stands
7. For 'Nabha and elsewhere'. substitute 'Srltlsh territory
and Indian States'.
8. For 'on the publication of' read ' along with the publica.
B2 SOME COIWIDENTIAL PAPERS PF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

tlon of'.
After 'Government' add 'for the same purpose of creating a
favourable atmosphere for the Birdwood Committee:
Add after fine'. ' or taking any other penal action'.
9. Delete 'for the obtaining ..... . Jail' and substitute ' for
holding a general meeting of the S. G. P. C. as It existed on the 6th
August 1923 in order to consider the draft bill in a free and
unfettered manner.'
10. After 'rele"e' add 'unconditionally' and after 'classes of
prisoners'. 'convicted or undertrial.'
(a) Delete ' prisoners' convicted'
(b) Delete 'prisoners convicted' . After 'offences' add
'arisIng out of Gurdwara Reform movement and Jaito affair',
(c) Dele ' prisoners convict ed or und e r trial'. and after
'Act' add ' including the case of S. B. Mchtab Singh and others' .
Delete 'and of those convicted by Military Courts'.
II . Omit the first sentence 'as .. . , .. prisoners' and substitute
'The Government will take steps to remo"e all legal disabilities and
penal consequences incurred by the released prisoners, mentioned
under para 10 and no further prosecutions will follow on the basis
of any action or speech made In furtherance of G. R. M. including
the Kirpan quest ions.'
12. (a) Omit 'A Judge of the High court' and add 'any other
gentleman acceptable to both sides .'
Add Para 13. An enqUiry in to the Jalto firing affair made by
an Impartial commictee, ccmmandlng public confidence.
14. Every effort will be made by the Government and the
S. G. P. C. to settle the whole affair before the departure . of H. E.
Sir Edward Maclagon.
I S. All announcements concerning settlement by both sides
will be made a fter mutual consultat ions. The S. G . P. C. will take
care that no offensive expression Is used and Government will also
avoid any expression humiliating for the Sikhs.
16. If the above changes and amendments in the draft of
 SOME CO~FU>ENTlAL l'APERS 0]' THE AK.'LI M O VE~IENT 83

proposed basis of settlement dated 30th April. 1924 are accepted

by the GovernOlent. Bhal Jodh Singh. M. A.. and S. Narain Singh.
and in the absence of the latter Bhai Jodh Singh alone. may sign the
agreement on behal f of the S. G. P. C.
17. The S. G. P. C. has no objection in the publication of the
whole or any part of the basis of setdement.
18. Bhal Jodh Singh and S. Narain Singh should make it clear
that if as a result of any such publlcJtlon. any misunderstanding
arises. the S. G. P. C. will also be entitled to the sim ilar right of
publication in order to remove the misunderstanding.
Sd /- Daul.t Singh
Mangal Singh
Raja Singh.
43

It Is an indispensable preliminary condition ,hat in any settle-

ment that may be arrived at. both the Government of India and the
Punjab Government are to remain free to make such publication as
they may deem necessary at any time.
H. D. Craik
30.4. 1924.
Inner Working Committee and representatives of the Outer
informed of it on 30-4-24.
(Jodh Singh)
44

Revised Draft of proposed resolution by the Panjab

Government.

I. Conversations have recently taken place between the Pan Jab

Government on the one hand and certain Sikh members of th e
Pan jab Legislative Council on the other hand with the object of
removing as far as possible all grounds of misapprehension and
controversy which would be prejudiced to the impartial enqUiry into
54 SOM E CO NFIDENTIAL P APER S OF THE AI{ALI MOVEMENT

and the endeavour to reach an equitable permanent solution of the

matters offered to the Committee to be presided over by General
Sir William Birdwood, Bart., G. C. B., G. C. M. , K. C. I., C. D. E.,
D.S.O., the personnel of which is announced to-day. The Governor in
council has dlclded in order that there should be no misunderstanding
on the part of any section of the community to publish the result
of these conversations and' the understanding arrived at which has
been approved of by the Government of Ind ia.
2 (a). The Sikh members of Punjab Legislative Council who
have taken part in these conversations have given an assurance of
their honour that if opportunity Is given for the performance of
the Akhand Path in the Gangsar Gurdwara at Jalto, the ceremony
will be concluded as speedily as is consistent with the due perfor-
mances of religious observances and that no part of the ceremony
will be made the occasion of any form of political propaganda. It Is
anticipated by the Sikh members that the Akhand Path will be
completed in ..... . days, and arrangements are being made
accordingly, though no definite undertaking can be given.
The administrator of Nabha will authorise the performance
of ceremony on this undertaking.
2 (b). On the commencement of Akhand Path, orders
will be issued from Sri Akal Takht Sahib stopping the despatch from
any place of all jathas to Jaito or elsewhere. Such jathas as are already
on the march will disperse but the members will be allowed to
proceed, should they so deSire, by train to Jaito as individuals but
not as part of any organised latha. On and after entering the Nabha
border they will obey all orders of the state authorities.
(cl The Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee under-
takes forthwith to make a public announcement Which will be binding
on both the Parbandhak Committee and the Akali Dal that they
have decided in order to secure the objects referred to In para I to
abandon all forms of Propaganda and agitation against the
Government either in Nabha or elsewhere. The Punjab Govern ment
V\ III thereuFon W lce the "lfIcation proclaim ing the S. G. P. C . and
 SOME CONFIDE );TI AL P APERS OF THE AK ,\LI MOVEME NT 85

the Akall Dalas unlawful associations under Act XIV 1908. On the
cancellation of the notification the Punjab Government will make no
further arrests In respect of offences arising from the notifications
so long as the conditions detailed In this resolution are duly
observed .
(d) Lead ing membe rs o f the S. G. P. C . will give a written
assurance :-
(i) to give all facil ities within the ir power to the
proceedings of the Birdwood Comm ittee and
(Ii) to carryout the spirit as well as the letter of any act
that may be passed with the consent of the Sikh members of
Legislative Council.
(3) As a result of the Birdwood Committee's deliberations,
if the Panjab Legislative Council , with the consent of the elected
Sikh members pass a bill to which the Governor of the Pan jab is able
to assent as an eqUitable solution having due regard to all interests
concerned and to which the assent of the Governor-General has been
obtained, it Is the intention of the Government of the Pan jab to
release as many as possible o f the persons now Impr isoned in
connection with the Akali movement.
With this object they will review the cases of the following
classes of prisoners : -
(a) Prisoners convicted for offences with Kirpan;
(b) Prisoners convicted for offences With the seizure of
Gurdwar. and klndered offences;
(c) Prisoners convicted under C. L. A. A.
These will not include persons convicted or charged With
serious crimes of violence. The Administration of Nabha state will
take similar steps regarding prisoners of the same classes in Its
jurisdiction.
4. The pun jab Government will refrain from taking any steps
to prevent or prejudice the resumption of there occupation as a
consequence of their Imprisonment by prisoners so released.
 813 SOME CONFIDI' NTlAL FAPERS OF TH E AI( II Ll MOVEMENT

45
Lahore
1st May: 1924.
Dear Mr. Craik,

Up to 30th Apr il the conversations between us were on the

understand ing that everything would be kept confidential. On the
30th you gave me a note purporting that the condition of secrecy
will not be binding on the Government of Ind ia and Government of
Pun jab. I think th is condition co uld not apply to our previous
co nversations. After 30t h, of course. there could be no hitch.
I may recapitu late the whole proceedings because I fear the
negotiations are com ing to a stand-st il l and it is better to comm it
to writing what has passed between us to avoid any risk of misunder-
standings arising afterwards. On receiving telegrams from you,
S. Naraln Singh and myself came to see General Blrdwood and after
a long talk you proposed certain terms on which a compromise could
be affected . I noted th e m down and talked with the other side and
then saw General Birdwood on th e 18th and gave him a brief no te of
what the other side t hought.
After your return from Simla you again wired to me on the
23rd . S. Naraln Singh and I again came on the 2"th and General
Birdwood handed over a draft communique to me which the S.G.P.C.
might issue about Nabha. That proposal not maturing on the 25th ,
we discussed the possibilit y of a compromise leaving Nabha question
alone, and you handed ove r proposals to me for a settlement of th e
)aito question. I took th e m to the other side and brought their
proposals to you. On the 28th you handed over a note to me as a
result of conversation between yourself, Col. Minchin, General
Birdwood and myself. I may point OUt that the headlines of that note
convey a wrong impression . All t he proposals did not emanate from
me and the ... .. even those proposals wh ic h I dearly indicated .. . ' "
acce ptable to the other side.
On th e basis of that note I saw the other side on the 30th
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL P APE RS OF THE AK ALI ~1OVFME NT 87

and 'they gave me their amend ments of that note. But when I came
to see you on the 1st you told me that the previous negotiations
could not be carried on in that form and handed over a draft
resolution to me which the Govy.lllfient SU'"'l'ui. should be publ ished
by agreement of the approvaf~'fGoverp laho~,dia is obtained . At
my suggestion you made certalll- changes '" it , .. I took the note to
them. The reply that they have noW asked me to convey to you is
that by their experience of the last few days they feel that It will
not advance matters to discuss proposals that still require the
approval of the Government of Ind ia. They are prepared to give
a definite reply if something is shown to them In its final shape.
Yours sincerely.
Jodh Singh

46
AMRITSAR
1-5-24
Dear Mr. Craik.

On reading the proposed draft again I find these words on page 2

para (c)
"To abandon all forms of propaganda and agitation against
Government. either in Nabha or elsewhere." May I point out that
If the Government of India agree to a settlement on the basis of
leaVing the Nabha question stlll ...... it will be difficult to reconcile
the word abandon with the clear statement of the S. G. P. C. that
Nabha question Is stili unsettled. I mean that If once the Govern ment
of India pass this draft how will I be able to explain to the S. G. P. C.
that it means abandonment till the settlement of the Gurdwara
question by the Blrdwood Committee.
As for Ardas. I forget to tell you that at the time when this
particular Akhand Pdt/' was interrupted the S. G. P. C. had fixed
a particular prayer to be offered at the condusion of all such Akhand
Paths throu~hout the British territory and Indian States. The words
88 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

now proposed have been toned down to their utmost. All reference
to Government has been cut out in view of settlement.
Pray ask General Sahib to fight his hardest for Sikhs this time.
They must have fougl--.i.l>etthard..t under him so many times.
Yours sincerely.
Jodh Singh

47
Gujr,nwala
9th May (1924.)
My dear General Birdwood,

Ijl 'l'fu'l'.'! ,,1 01' lI'BW

!fl ~'f<J q1<], ,,1 a1 "f3u
After leaV ing you I went to Amritsar and along with Bh. Jodh
Singh saw the gentleman concerned and discussed the matter with
them. They are very reasonable. But they are undoubtedly in an
awkward position as regards the change of route of the Jatha. A great
deal of money and efforts have been spent in collecting rations; more
than this, they th ink that the change will have an adverse effect on
the mind of the genera l public. However if che Government moves
one step forward towards peace and goodwill, they are prepared to
move two. If the Government, as I suggested yesterday verbally,
suspends, till the matter is decided one lV~y or the other, the
rea lisation of fines and new arrests from to day, I can Induce them
to meet your wishes in changing the route. But for this, I am
afraid the desire of ch.ngrng of route cannot be .. .... you will
press the reasonableness of this suggestion on Mr. Cralk, so as to
produce the necessary ( aim atmosphere, Moreover, there Is yet
ample t ime to the entering of the jatha in the state and If the
Committee meets before that time, the desired object could be
gained.
Yours Sincerely,
Narain Singh
 SOME CO;'; FlDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVE MENT 89

48

Secret No, I3940-PolI:

Punjab Civil Secretariat
Lahore, dated 10-5-1924'
My dear Sardar Jodh Singh,

With reference to S. Narayan Singh's letter to me of the 9th

of May, I am desired to say that I am not empowered to bargain
with you as to the condition ...... the route of the fifth "Shahidi
Jatha" should be ...... orders have already been issued to all Deputy
Commissioners.. . ... directing the temporary suspension of the
realization of fines inflicted on Akalis pending the result of the
negotiations now in progress. It should be clearly understood (aJthat
no anna uncement of this suspension is to be made; and (bJ that if
the negotiations come to nothing, the realization of fines will be
Freeeeded with.

2. As regards the suspenio" of arrests, such ,uspentio" is

out of the. question so long as the despatch of "Jat',.s" and other
unlawful activities continue. The suspension of arre:;ts is. as you are
aware, one of the terms of the main agreement and Is contingent
on the cessation of all propaganda and agitation. Moreover it is
obviously impossible to suspend arrests at Bhai Pheru so long as
"Jathas" continue to proceed to that place. At the same time I am
in a position to Inform you that Government do not contemplate
making arrests on a large scale at the present moment.

3. As the matter is now very urgent and ..... _ leave Lahore for
Simla tomorrow night, I must ask ..... , to let me have a definite
reply not latter them 5 p. m. tomorrow, Sunday, the II th of May.
either by telephone or otherwise. Failing the receipt of such a reply,
I ,hall conclude that the "5. G. P. C." do not intend to order the
ch.nge ,~f the route .... of course speCial arrangements may .. . with
the "Jatha" .. , event of the "5. G. p, C."... suggest the prospects
9() SON CO~FIDEN T1AL PAPERS OF THE AI(ALI MOVEl4 S )/ r

of the main negotiations reaching a successful issue will be gravely

prejudiced.
Yours sincerely
H. D. Craik
To
S. Jodh Singh M. L. C .
Dhingra BUildings. Hall Gate. Amrits.r.
A duplicate of this is being despatched to S. Narain Singh at
GUJranw.la today.

49
Amritsar
II. 5. 24.
Dear Mr. Crai k.
I am in receipt of your secret letter No. 13940 Poll dated
10. 5.24 and the contents have been noted by the S. G. P. C. They
have written to me to say th.t they have changed the route of the
jatha as follows : -
14th Jhok Mohra
15th Jagat Singh Wala
16th Jandoke
17th Mukatsar
I Sth Serai Nang.
19th & 20th Kishenpur. Wala
21st j.ito
Yours Sincerely
Jodh Singh

so
Confjdenti .. \
Amritsar
12.5. 24
My dear Mr. Craik .
Just a line to remind you of the case against S. Moh inder '
 SOMe CONFTDE,,-,IAL P APERS O{' TH1, AK ,\LI MOVEME)iT 91

Singh. M. L. C .. of Ludhlana. He is a very inoffensive gentleman, Just

an eat-drink-and-be-merry sort of fellow and at this stage when the
negotiations are proceeding. it w ill be advantageous jf the case
aga inst him be w ithd rawn. If that be not possible at this stage,
postponement or a long date may do. Next hearing of his caSe comes
off on the 15th instant.
Yours sincerely
Jodh Singh

51
18. 5.1924.
Copy of letter dated Lahore the 18th May 1924 from the
Secretary Negotiation Sub-committee to Sardar Narain Singh and
Sardor Jodh Singh . A copy of this letter was handed over to Mr.
Craik by Sardar Jodh Singh the same night : -
We have .seen the revised draft of proposed resolut ion by
the Punjab Government handed over to us by you on the 17th
May 1924. This dra ft makes such a departure from the line of
discuss ions followed hitherto and involves so many changes in the
previous proposals made by the PanJab Government that It becoms
necessary to recapitulate the proceedings that have taken place so
far.
On the 17th April, after meeting the representatives of the
Pan jab Go/ernmen t , General Sir William Blrdwood and Mr. Craik,
Chief Secy., you brought certain proposals to us which contemplated
the settlement of all the questions at Issue including the
Nabha affairs. The Solut ion of the latter affair proposed
by the Government was that S. G. P. C. may advise the
Sikh community to drop the Nabha aff.lr on receipt of a request
to that effect from H. H. the Maharaja himself. We expressed our
Will ingness to do so. If the Maharaja of his own free will and accord
wrote to the S. G. P. C. Something to the follOWing effect :-
"I duly appreciate the sympathy expressed fcr me in Panth,but I
have reasons to bel ieve that the interests of myself, my house and my
92 SOME CO~FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKAL I MOVEMENT

state woul~ be best served if the Nabha agitation is now dropped .

I would therefore request the S. G. P. C. to exert Its Influence In
the Panth for the purpose ."
On the 24th April to our great surprise you brought from the
Government an attested copy of statement dated the 31st July 1923
signed by H. H. and not adressed to the S.G.P.C. which the S.G .P.c.
had already disposed of as having been secured from the Maharaja
under circumstances detailed is S. G. P. C. communique No. 569
and 570 dated 2nd Aug. 1923.
Further. It had been observed hefore the S. G. P. C. passed
(he Nabha Resolution In its general meeting of August 5th and 6th
1923 after giving due consideration to this statement.
As no fresh document of the purport proposed by the
Government was forthcom ing. it was mutually agreed to discuss the
settlement of after questions and leave the Nabha affair open.
With this end In view. you Informed us that It was desired
by the Panjab Government that a confidential agreement should
be made. We agreed to this. After scrr.e d h cussions you brought
us a draft agreement on 28th April which embod ied. among ot~. ers .
the proposal to give an undertaking about the release of all the
prisoners convicted or under trial in conn ection with Klrpan ,
Gurdwara and kindered cases, etc. The withdrawal 0 f the case
against S. B. Me htab Singh and others was also included in the above
mentioned undertaking. In this draft agreeme nt the re wes no
mention of any time limit for the performance of Akhand Path
in the Gurdwara Gangsar. Jaito. It was also clearly put down there in
that the Nabha question wou ld remain open for both the parties.
After considering this draft of confidential agreement.we made certain
necessary amendments and authorised you in writing on the 30th
April to sign the agreement on behalf of the S. G. P. C. if the
Government accepted our proposed amendments.
On the 1st May you came back and told us t hat on reconsidera-
tion the Government did not want to make a confidential agreement
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AK AL! MOVE MENT 93

but had Instead given you a draft resolution wh ich was to be

published by agreement and was subject \0 the approval of the
Government of India. You also told us that the resolut ion had been
drafted without even your getting an opportunity 01 placing our
amendments before the ~Govern ment. On account 01 this sudden
change in the form of discuss ions and the necessity of the approval
of the Goyernmen t of India. we felt that it would not advance
matters to continue to discuss proposals which were tentative and
expressed our readiness to give a ~efin i te reply if something were
shown to us in final shape.
But we may mention that in the draft resolution of May there
Is no mention of tim a li mit for the performance of Akhand Path
at Ja ito and it includes an explicit undertaking by th e Government
to release all prisoners convicted or under tr ial (or offences
'oonnected with Kirpan. Gurdwaras and kindered offences , and under
C. L. A. A. and Fer,ons arres tEd at Jaito. Withdrawal of the case
against S. B. Mehtab Singh and others, was also included in the
above underta king.
In 17th May after seeing che Government represe ntatives you
brought to us another draft of proposed resolution by the Punjab
Government revised by che Government of Ind ia. To our astonish-
men t we find that the undertaking about the release of prisoners
has been changed Into a mere 'intention ' which again has been made
contingent on a new condition. viz . " the Governor of the Panjab
is ab le to assent to t he bill passed by the Council as an equitable
settle ment of the question, having due regard to all interests
concerned" . Stranger st ill. in sp ite of clear knowl edge' of the
inability of the S. G. P. C. on religious grounds to give an assurance
that the ceremony will be concluded Within any fixed time as
admitted by the Governm ent in the proposed confidential agreement
o f 28th April, it has now th o ught fit to aga in pin us down to the
same undertaking in a roundabout way. At the same t ime as already
clearly explained In our instructions to you embod ied In the
amendments proposed by us on the 30th April, it Is beyond our
 94 SOME CONFlDENTIAL PAPERS C'F THE AKALl MOVEMENT

power for religious reasons to ask any Jatha that has taken the vow
at Sri Akal Takht Sah ib to disperse before reaching )alto. but as
already explained we are prepared to meet the wishes of the
Government by sendi ng these jathas by train after the removal of
the restriction on the Akhand Path.

Further you gave us dearly to understand that all persons

arrested at Jaito will be released after t he commencement of the
Akhand Path. but now we learn that a new case has been started
at Nabha In which the Head )athedar and jathedar and propably
some other members of the 1st Shahidl )atha have been charged with
violence .. ... .

Another disturbing factor during the course of discussions has

been the excesses perpetuated on the S. G. P. C. members and
others in the District jail Multan. In spite of your telegrams to the
Government . you have not been allowed to go there and see things
for yourself. These inc idents are not conducive to the success of
discussions about settlement.

Again although botl, sides have dearly understood since 28th

April that the Nabha question was still open yet the revised
resolution brought by you now wants us to abandon all propaganda
against Government Instead of "suspending" as originally proposed
in the draft agreement of 28th April. We may assu re you once more.
if any assurance is required. that we have always been prepared
for a reasonable and honourable settlement. that would secure to
the Panth its objective of t he Gurdwa ra reform. At the same time.
we have not the least desire to lower the prestige of the Govern-
ment In the eyes of the public.

But for reasons stated above we are sorry that we cannot

see our way to agree to the settlement proposed in the revised
draft resolution.
SdJ-Daulat Singh
for S. G. P. C.
 SOME CO;<1FIDEN TI A L PAPEHS 0. THE AKALI MOVEME!<T 95

52
list May, 1914.
My dear S. Jodh Singh ji.
Herewith a true copy of the letter sent by me to General
Blrdwood on 9th Inst. Please send me a copy of the typed notes
from S. B. Mehtab Singh which was handed over to Mr. Craik.
I am just in rece ipt of the following telegram from Mr. Cralk.
I am sure you have also received the same.
"268 Js. urgent. Government does not propose to publish
anything regard ing course or terms of recent negotiations without
consultation with you. Stop. It trusts that you and your fr iends
will meanwhile publish ... ... nothing as any publication at present
would greatly increase difficulties of situation."
Cralk Punjab.
The telegram shows that they have not yet finally broken the
negotiations. Please, therefore, do the needful. Will It not be
better to Inform the gentlemen concerned not to pUblish any-
thing yet 1
Yours Sincerely,
Narain Singh

53
From Sir Daya KI,han Kaul, Prime Minister Patlala State, to
Master Chand Singh, Editor, Panth Seu'ak Amritsar,
( Urdu)
1q~~, ff.lHW
'll:l Hl:!l 9t'll:l.

~'fvOJ<! i'\1 C!' IN>R'

fll ~Ifvij!<! ill <11 "f3<J
96 SOME CONFlDNETIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

H~ lJR'>i'R' H" lJfu5 IH1t1' alH'al a'i?' ii' <iRaa a'H al <r.l' i'l,
- .
'>i'lJ i'l HR'OI'a a' Hal nul' fHa' I Bfao ~ ~ '>i'lJ a' lJa' Ftll>iTC5
-
Il' I ,!?>iftl H' RaB'a R'ful! f~(!~l ~ af<l 'Blw w fa f'lI ~ ?>el RO!lH
.. " - -
lIal aal RHS" ~' I f'lJ llfB8 "0 W I iIltlaal H<l15' if l>fR'@'R i!lf'lJ
~ lJ'H ~ irnB lJgij'ii\ I Rae'a R'fua iii lJ'R flJS'5 fB5' ftl'>l,'B'
mtl'feR oul' III I H- @o ~ 3,O!leo f5tI au' g I fau3a <i0l' F<i 1>j'lJ
;aB'a R'Fua r~thll eO! lJ<!. f811 <ie ~5 5~'- !o (!o al afuala lIa
-i
Uf2f'8' 3aal:;: 5 il'~ ' I <i'K <i'il al <!Taa ii' ,,"u Ra flHST e'ii\ I ~uj
il~ tlko R'8 uaR08 ffFlRZ'2 <iK R<iCOl R'fua i'l ,,1 FHa 5~' I
FtI'>I'er tla1!3 I

54
Lahore
26th May 1924
My dear Craik.
I and Sardar Narain Singh had a talk with the other side from
3 to about 7 P. M. In the fort. The following is the Impression that
I gathered from their talk :-
I. They insist on an impartial enquiry about the jalto
,hooting. If that be not possible for the present. postponement of
the Present case till the enquiry. But If a promise to re lease the
accused in this case alongwith other jalto prisoners is given. there
Is a possibility or there agreeing to it,
2. They Insist upon explicit declaration about the uncondi-
tional release of prisoners but If the Government retain the present
form they might agree to a written assurance saying, as you explained
to us verbally, that these words are merely a legal form but In
reality the Government will release all the prisoners.
3. They may agree to. our estimated time of Akhand Path s
at 34 or 35 days ( 6 Paths at a time) and a week extra for unforseen
difficulties .
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 97

4. One thing more. They are Issuing Of their own accord

tonight the communique that was proposed on 28th April they
should issue. I mean the one explaining their real object of jaito
struggle and disclaiming all intention of making it a base for Nabha
agitation. This step taken of there Own accord . I think. shOUld
convince you of their earnest desire for an honourable settlement,
If pOSSible. I think that will settle with most of the difficulties in
the last two paras in the proposed resolution relating to jaito affair.
I shall write in detail tomorrow.

Yours sincerely.
Jodh Singh.

55

Press Communique No .. .. .

The Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee has repea-

tedly and clearly declared its position with regard to Jaito AKHAND
Path affair In Its Communique and Instructions to the Jathas given at
Sri Akal Takht Sahib. But as misunderstandings appear to heve been
created in certain quarters it once more reiterates its real position.

The only object of sending Jathas to ' Jaito is to establish the

right of the SIKHS to worship and congregate for religiOUS purposes
In their Gurdwaras Without let or hinderence. It has been so often
made clear that the S. G. P. C. has no other objective than this and
certainly does not wish to make the Gurdwara Gangs.r a base of
operations to carryon the propaganda against Nabha deposition
under the cloak of performance of pilgrimage and AKHAND PATHS.
As soon as one hundred and one AKHAND PATH are finished with
due reverence and ceremony and their vow fulfilled, the Jathas
will have no Incentive to stay there.
It need not be added that in the event of existing restrlctoins
P8 SO)!E CO:-'' 'IDENTIAl. PA P ERS OF THE AJ(ALl MOVEMIlNT

being removed. the sending of Jath.s to Jaito or any other form of

direct action will cease.
Amrltsar. Sd/-
26 May. 1924. Gener.1 Secretary
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
Amritsar.

56
Confidential
Amrltsar,
27th. May 1924.
My dear Mr. Craik.
I sent you a rough pencil note' yesterday per S. Sunder Singh.
It was written In the train and I Jotted my impress ions of yesterday's
talk on all the important points.
I enclose the copy of the communique that the S. G. P. C.
h.. Issued to day. On refering to the draft resolution. I find that
the communique almost completely covers the ground of matters
discussed In para 2 (a) and (b). The only question is of time limit
about which I gave my estimate yesterday. About Jathas on march.
there Is complete agreement on both sides now. So para 2 (a) and
(b) becomes unnecessary now In view of this public declaration on
there part. There Is no need for the Sikh members to give an
assurance now when the S. G. P. C. has done so publicly.
Para (e). Instead of S. G. P. C. issuing one communique and
taking responsibility of Akall Dal also. they will issue two communi-
ques separately because they say the two .organisations are qUite
different and the each should shoulder its own responsibility.
They are quite willing to abstain from all agitations against Sikh
states .Iso. provided the Sikh states too like the British Government
undertake to release the Akal i prisoners after the passage of the
Bill and. meanwhile. postpone the realization of fines, attachments.
'Typed by S. Raja Singh.approved by S. Mangal Singh and
S. Dou!.t Singh. Copy given to Instde people on 31st at 4 P,m.
 SOME CONF IDEN TI AL PAPER S OF THE AKALI MOVEME NT 99

confiscations of property and fresh arrests. So para (c) reconstituted

they will like It to read as under.
The S. G. P. C. and S. A. D. will forthwith make public
announcements that they have decided in order to secure the objects
in para I to suspend' all form of agitation against British Government
and Sikh states Including the despatch of jathas to Bhal Pheru and
elsewhere.
The Punjab Government will cancel the notification proclaiming
the S. G. P. C . ... ... on duly observed. But they want to make it
clear thot Nabha question is still open and settlement about it has
nOt yet been arrived at and that should the necessity ar ise". they
will still be free to make an announcement to this etrect.
Para 0 stands intact. Bu t they say in order to give a complete
assurance about (d) il they must do it constitutionally so that none
may rebut them after words . For that purpose they will require
the holding of the general comm ittee to discuss the Bill proposed
before It Is placed on the council anvil .
Para 3 . About the rele. se of the prisoners , I wrote fully
yesterday. They will like such some announcement when the Punjab
L. C. with the consent of the Sikh members has passed a bill to
which the assent of the Governor and the Governor General has
' been obtained, the Punjab Gove rnment will uncondit ionally release
the follOWing classes of prisoners convicted or undertrla!' But If
for legal form this announcement cannot be made publicly, a
written assurance that the words used in the proposed resolution
really mean what has been said about may satisfy them.
Para (c) . In view of the stoppage of ag itation against Sikh
States instead of the Admi nistration of the Nabha state the adminis-
tration of all the Sikh states may be substituted.
In stead of Para 4 of the new draft they want para .. of the
draft proposed on May Ist. It may be included In the resolution or
in the private assurance as you like bette r. Real ising the legal
"If It comes to settlement on other pOints, they might agree
to abstain Instead of 'suspend'.
100 SOME CONFJDEl' TJAL P APERS OF THE AKA LI ~!OVEMEMT

difficulties pointed out by the Government of India about the

public announcement of the withdrawal of the case against them,
they appear willing to accept your verbal assuran ce as Chief
Secretary that when the bill has become law, the case against S. B.
Mehtab Singh and others will be withdrawn . About the Jalto trial
I have written fully yesterday.
These are my impressions of the discuss ion with them
ye sterday.
They asked me if an agreement Is a rr ived at , what time the
deliberations of the Birdwood Committee and th e passage of the
bill etc. , will occupy. I told them that General Bi rdwood was thinking
of leaVing India by the 1st October and before that he must finish
not only th is bill but he must fin ish the wo rk of the committee
about the doubtful cases also and I further added that what I gathered
from talk they want to expedite ma tters as much as possible.
The whole th ing Is now clearly laid before the Government
.and if It finds It can effect settlement on the lines if may Immediately
do so for in my opin ion lengthening of t he negotiations is bound to
Intro duce fur ther complications for example:
Some Lambardars . etc. , are said to have been dismissed and
suspended for Serving the Akali jathas, etc. They Laid great stress
on their reinstatement yesterday.
Yours Sincerely.
Jadh Singh.

57

June 192-4.
Press statement reo the breakage of Birdwood negotiations.

In Its communique 3rd June , Government has definite ly announ-

ced that the Idea of the Blrdwood Comm ittee has been abando ned.
thus the negotiations between Government and the Sikhs about
preliminaries have not resulted In an agreement. In order that there
 SOME CONfIDENTIAL P .~PERS OF TH E AI{ALI MCIVEMENT tOt

may not be any misunderstanding about the position of the Si!<hs

In this matter the following brief authoritative statement is
Issued.
Early in March (1924). an Informal private suggestion was
conveyed to certain Sikh leaders that if the Sikhs relax their demands
about the Nabha question . the Government was ready to give a law
about Gurdwaras and kirvans to there entire setisfactio~ 3nd release
all prisoners. The Sikh leaders were likely to be put in direct touch
with the Government of India. when the Panjab Government Inter-
vened and demanded that Jathas should cease going to Jaito and
Bhal Pheru as an earnest of good faith. In reply the Government
was asked also to show its bonafides by remOVing .restrictions on
pilgrimage to Gurdwara Gangsar. Jaito. and restoring the st atu s quo
ante 13th October 1923. To this the Government did not reply.
In the beginning of Aprii the Panjab Government invited Bhai
Jodh Singh. M. L. C. to serve on the Birdwood Committee which
it contemplated to announce . Bhal Jodh Singh expressed his inability
to serve on the Committee unless the release of prisoners connected
with the movement before the introduction of a bill in the council
was definitely guaranteed. A little latter S. Narain Singh. M. L. C.
Gujranwaia. was asked by Government to Join this Committee. On
the 17th April the above mentioned Sikh councillors and General
Sir Birdwood and Mr. Cralk. Chief Secretary. met at Government
House. Lahore. and after discussing matters With them met the
representatives of the S. G. P. C. in Lahore Fort and out side. At
this stage Government contemplated settlement of Nabha. Jaito.
Gurdwara Legislation and Kirpan affairs .11 and m.de suggestions
accordingly. But as the Government was not able to carry out its
own proposal about Nabha, the settlement of that affair did not
mature and It was agreed by both parties to proceed with the
solution of the other questions. leaVing the Nabha question open .
It was the desire or Government that I he settlement should
take the form of a confidential agreement. The Sikhs agreeing, a
document was drawn up in which Government agreed to give a
102 SOME CONFIDENTIAL P APER S OF THE AK AL I MOVEMENT

definite written undertaking about the release of prisoners Including

those under trial in Lahore Fort and those arrested in connection
with Jaito affair, on the the passage of a Gurdwara Bill with the
consent of the Sikh councillors. This draft document was brought
by Bhal Jodh Singh and S. Narain Singh on 28th April to the S.G,P.c.
representative who proposed some amendments, the more important
of which were based on religious grounds. The S. G. P. C, had of
Its on accord offered to suspend all forms of agitation in order to
creat a calm atmosphere for the Birdwood Committee and Govern-
ment agreed to cancel the Cr. l. A. Act notification declaring the
S. G. P. C. and S. A. D. as unlawful associations and to abstain from
fresh arrests and other penal actions; of course. the going of jathas
to Jalto and Bhai Pheru was to cease. The amendments desired by
the S. G . P. C. were of such ordinary and re.,onable nature that Bhai
Jodh Singh considered the settlement s~ likely that he thought
that another meeting would not be necessary. He, therefore. asked
for and obtained the written authority of the S. G. P. C. for himself
and S. Naraln Singh to.complete the transaction and sign on their
behalf. whon on 1st may the two Sikh councillors met the represen-
tatives of Government, they were faced with a new proposal.
They were told that the Panjab Govenment had changed its mind
and, in stead of making a confidential agreement, wanted to publish
a resolution. but which was subject to the approval of the
Government of India. This draft resolution disclosed a number of
changes from the pOSition taken up by Government preViously.
When this was shown to the S. G. P. C. representatives they
naturally, replied they felt It would not advance matters to discuss
proposals that yet reqUired the approval of the Government of
India, but that they were prepared to give a definite reply if some_
thing were shown them in a final shape. After two weeks' silence
the Pan jab Government handed to Bhal Jodh Singh and S. Nar.;n
Singh on 17th May "a reVised draft of proposed resolution by the
Panjab Government approved by the Government of India." In this
process the Government proposals had undergone further material
 SOME CONFIDENTI AL PAPERS OF T HE ATCA Ll 1JOVDlE t'T 103

curtailment. The defin ite undertaking about the release of all

prisoners was now changed Into a mere Intention to review the
cases of certa in classes of prisoners and release as many of them as
possible. The release of S. B. Mehtab Singh and others In Lahore
Fort was distinctly om itted and the S. G. P. C. was asked to rely
on a verbal assurance of the Ch ief Secretary as to their release:
there were other changes too. The S. G. P. C . could not accept the
resolution .nd gave an elaborate reply on 1st May, Indicating how
the new proposals fell very much short of even Government's own
proposals made preViously. While these conversations had been
going on, the Governm ent Instead of giving the Sikhs an Impartial
enqUiry about Ja lto firing: which the S. G. P. C. had been demanding
from the beg inning, started at Nabha a trial of 22 Sikhs Including,
besides a Sikh lady, the Head jathedar and jathedar of the first
Sh ahidi jatha, which had been fired upon on 21st February in spite
of Its admitted non violence. The S. G. P. C. In Its r eply had to notice
this fact.
On nnd May 1924 Bhai Jodh Singh Was called to Simla and
shown a draft announcement w hich ,Government proposed to
publish about the break of negotiat ions and the abandonment of
the Birdwood Committee as no agreement could be reached . He did
not take exception to the wording which was colourless . On being
as ked again, however. he expressed his belief that an honourable
settlement was not impossible. Next day the Government reprsenta-
t ives gave him to understand that certain amendments could be made
In the resolution, but t.h at on the question of release of prisoners,
including the leaders In Lahore fort and those undergOing tr ial at
Nabha. the Govern ment pOSition was unaltered.
B~al Jodh Singh aod S. Naraln Singh saw the represeotati ves
of the S. G. P. C. on the 26th of May, who repli ed that they wanted
on expliCit declaration about the unconditional release of prisoners .
pointing out however, that if the Government Insisted on making
its announcement in particular phraseology, it mig ht give a privat e
written assurance that the words realy mean that all the prison ers
104 SOME CO t< FLDENTlAL PAPER S OF THE A KAJ.J MOVEMENT

will be released on the passage of the Bill. About the prisoners

undergoJng trial at Nabha in connection with the Jaito tragedy, the
S. G. P. C. suggested two alternatives. Release of those prisoners
aloeg with other Jaito prisoners, or impartial inquiry. These views
were duly conveyed to Government by Bhai Jodh Singh in two
letters. On 29th May he received a letter and a telegram from
Punjab Government informing him that Government was not
prepared to make any change, and unless Government's proposals
of may 23rd were accepted by the noon of Monday, the 2nd June,
the negotiations may be considered to have ended.

Thus after dragging on for full to months and afrer substantial

agreement 00 most other points. the negotiations have mainly
broken where they had begun, that is, on the question of the release
of prisoners. It can be aosily understood why the Sikhs are 2nxious
for the releui' of prisoners. Any Gurdwara legislation would be'
doomed to fail, if the thousands who have suffered to secu re it do
not come out to work it and the bitterness due to there detention
in jail continues. It is hard to understand why the Government can
not give the required assurance, unless it means to d~tain them
in prison and frustrate its own purpose of restoring peace by giving
the desired legislation. It Is also clear how moderate the Sikh
demand was, for in view ofthere tremendous suffring at Nanakana
Sahib. Guru-ka-Bagh, Jaito, Bhai Pheru, etc., by which hundreds
have iost there lives, thousands have been rendered desititute and
homeless. they might well have pitched there demands much higher.
But knOWing that nothing in the world could make up for these
sufferings, which ",ust go as a sacrifice for there God and Guru.
they have only asked for the release of prisoners.
The present rupture of negotiations has confirned the fear
of the average Sikh that the Government does not want to release
the leaders and workers of the Sikh community snd that a Govern-
ment which would not do that would never consent to give them
a satisfactory Gurdwara Legislation. Nothing strange, if the Sikhs,
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI 11 .. VE:-"lENT 105

in view of their past experience and particularly of the present

negotiations, insist that their leaders at least must first be released
so that they may as free men help to fashion the Bill and carry the
'whole community with them in accepting and working it .

Secretary,
S. G. P. C.,
Sri Amrltsar.

58

25-7-1924.
The working Committee, conSISting of S. Gopal Singh, S.
Daulat Singh, S. Lachhman ' Singh, S. Arjan Singh and Sardor Raja
Singh considered the Elders' message-relating to D.D. (Dehra
Dun) friend. They agreed that their representatives, Mangal Singh
and Raja Singh , with Mr. Pannlkar, should visit the friend and
discuss matters with him In the list of the message. Therefore
Raja Singh was sent to Delhi to take the other gentlemen from
there and proceed to D.D. He went to Delhi and discussed matters
with Sardar Mangal Singh who far certain reasons showed his
inability to take the job. He further considered Mr. Pannikar's
going there to no useful purpose. Therefore Raja Singh returned
the same, night to Amritsar and put the matters before the W .C.
(Working Committee). The elders' message regarding Daulat
Singh and Arjan Singh was also placed before the W .C. It was
then ckcided unanimously to send Sardar Arjan Singh and Raja
Singh to D.D. Therefore they proceeded by the night train. In the
way S, Arjan Singh got fever. Hence he went straight to Hardwar
and Raja Singh went to bring Mr. Pannikar. Mr. Pannlkar and
Raja Singh proceeded to D.D. and wired Arjan Singh to meet
them on the way at Hardwar. At Saharan pur St. Deedar Singh
also came Into the carriage where Mr. Pannikar and Raja Singh
were. He tried to find out why Raja Singh was proceeding, 'but
he after about an hour's struggle evaded him. At Hardwar Arlan
JOG SOME COXFlDE:<nA L PJ'J'ERS OF THE AKA LI MOVEMENT

Singh met Raj. Singh .nd Pannlkar .nd St. Deedar Singh. Sa int
wanted to find out from ArJan Singh .s well, but he also after
some difficulty evaded him. He again met Raj. Singh and told him
that they were Insulting him by not confidlng' ln him but trusting a
non-S ikh. He told Raja Singh that he Was coming from Lahore to
see the friend, and find out what he wanted (a) Postponement of
his case from settlement, (b) giving up his case or (c) he would
give'a settlement to S.G.P.c. of his case. And that he was doing so
in connection with negotiations th.t S. Joglndra Singh was conducting
and which the elders had approved and the deta ils of which were
sent by them to Jogindra Singh through S. Narain Singh. He
wanted Information of Raja Singh and Arjan Slngh's mission so that
his statement, the friend may not conflict with theirs . In view of
the elders' strong message t hat everyth ing was to be strictly
limited to W .C., St.'s money affairs. and the belief that the elders
could not expect to be so Inconsistent as to tell everything to others
without consulting the outside servants, the affair was all considered
to be a bando. He was therefore again left blank from Hardwar
to D.O. Pann lkar, Arjan Singh and Raja Singh sat in another
carriage. At D.O. he again wanted to accompany A. S. and R. S. but
they declined. They went straight to Chatopadaya' s pbce. and he
to S. Prem Singh 's , although he sa id he would be staying In a
hotel. A. S. and R.S. asked Chatopadaya to fix time with the friend.
He said that about four days back the friend had told him to
leave D.O. as his stay with him was harmful to him. Therefore,
R. S. himself went to fix time, but took Chatopadaya with him t~
show h 1m house. etc. R.S. saw Ranblr Singh and asked him , to fix
time With the friend. He did not like to tell the friend that we
were at Chato's but R.S. told him that as, according to their
information, Chato could be re lied upon by them, they stayed
w ith him. Ranbir Singh saw him. He first sent for Chata
and asked him why Pannikar was with R. S. (and) A.S. Chato said
to show him that they were right persons. He, therefore. sent
for Pann lkar and asked him whether his seeing A.S. (and) R.S. ""as
 SOME CO:-1FlDS NTTAL PAPE RS OF TH E AKALI MOVEMENT 107

not objectionable . He advised him to see them . But he mentioned

that S. Jodh Singh passed D. D. for Mussoorrie the previous
day. A. S. (and) R. S.'s going there proved the clique against
him and so on. He then sent for R. S. (and) A. S.
The following Is the summary of which passed at the
meeting. Present were, Friend, Chato, Pannlkar, A. S. (and)
R. S., Maharani sitting behind the curtain separating rooms. It
is pointed out st . was at Prem Singh's, when Raja Singh first went
to fix time, but he concealed himself In the bathroom. He was seeing
the friend before Mr.Pann lkar went there It Is not known what passed
from him or on to him. A. S. (and) R. S.'s meeting started at about
2 P. M. and lasted up to 6 P. M. A copy 01 the attached statement
will for verification be handed over to the friend. Mr. Pannikar also
desired a copy and accordingly one would be given to him, In
accordance with the last promise of Raja Singh.
H.H:-You mean to say,that your resolutions of August last,Truth about
Nabha, your challenge to the Government have not been able to prove
your bonafides and that during this one year the public has not been
fully behind you. And stili supposing I do give this statement and as
you say public opinion does get behind you and you proceed on
sending Jathas. how will this be able to solve the question! Jathas
cannot solve It. You challenged the Government for an open enqUiry.
You expect people to reply to your challenge in the way you dictate.
The Government gave the reply through the Viceroy's speeches.
What more you want! People ought to learn lesson from changes
of circumstances. You should think of political ways. Mere sending
of Jathas cannot bring restoration nor can the issue of the statement
you reqUire , but still I shall consider over the matter. It Is only
political pressure that can bring you the desired result.
R. S. Honestly speaking, we must confess that tbe general public
has beon fully satisfied with the bonafides of our case. We
can expose everything to a few trusted friends. but not before the
public. We do not say we have not received any reply from the
Government, We take the speeches referred to by you quite enough
IO~ SOME CO!'FlDENTl.U PAPERS OF TH E AKALI M')VEMENT

as reply to our challenge in the usual diplomatic form. But we are

not satisfied with them and we have to contest them. I agree with
your H. (Highness), that is, only political pressure that will bend
the Government. But to bring the political pressure, to reply to
the Government, to get the public opinion behind us, for
Invigorating polit ical pressure, your statement Is Indispensable.
Without It nothing further can be done. Hence the request.
H. H. Well I must agai n ask for time to consider over the
matter.
R. S. Has not this question been di scussed with your H. by
S. Mangal Singh and Daulat Singh .
H. H. No.
R. S. I think there was some d isc ussion with the said Sardars
about your H. H. giving a statement which could be verified by
somebody who came from Mahatma Gandhi . It was almost the
same.
H H. It related to enquiry about forcible d is position only,
but that limited portion was phySically impr.ctiable to separate from
the main enquiry. Moreover, It was for Mahatma Gandhi only. It
was not a public statement nor on the sub ject su ggested by
you.
R. S. Then I should understand that your H. H. was not prepared
for the enqUiry demanded by us, nor Your H. could Issue
the requested st.tement now.
H. H. I have stated that It is impracticable to separate the
limited enqUiry from the main , and for the statement I want
time.
R. S. I realise that for the reasons stated your H. cannot agree
to the proposed enqU iry.
Mr. Chatopadya. It means that, Does not it, Maharaja Jee?
H. H. It does.
A. S. How much time your H. will take to form an opin ion about
the statement.
H. H. As soon as pOSSible.
 SOME CONF IDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AJ(ALI MOVEME);T to)

R. S. Sir! This is too indefinite. There are circumstances which

force us that the decision should not be put to Indefiniteness. Kindly
say some defin ite time. 2 days, three days.
H. H. It may take about ten days.
R. S. Well Sir. In the meantime. kindly give us an authen-
ticated copy of the representation submitted by your Highness to
the Viceroy. In the opinion of the legal advisers of the S. G. P. C.
it is necessary that before the defence starts in the beginning of
August, we should have the sa id copy.
H. H. It is no good defending the case. Defence will not do
anything. It will not save the accused from the pun ishment Govern-
ment had already decided upon. I made the same mistake. The
Government would have the same it did even If I did not delend. You
cannot Satisfy the court by defence and further what value the copy
can have to defend the accused 1
R. S. We are not defending becauce we are too much after
saving our leaders. Let the court do what it likes. We are not
aiming at satisfying the court (In the above H. H. also said Mahatma
Jee does not like defence). We want to prove to the world that
the case is a farce , Mahatma jee does not like defence. but this is not
the defence of Individuals . It Is not being carried to save them. It
is to prove the farcical nature of the charge against the existence
of the S. G. P. C. and S. A.D . the life of the Panth. The
Government want to take a certificate from the court that having
purposely overawed the Government and conspired. against the
King Emperor by taking up Nabha question. S. G. P. C. has become
an unlawful association and therefore It ought to be dispersed.
Authenticated copy of the representation will prove that
S. G. P. C. did not take up N.bha question for over-awing the
Government, Mahatma Jee does not like defen but there are
circumstances different in every case, and moreover we do not say
Mahatma Jee controls our movement. nor does he claim It. In short It
Is the considered opinion of the S.G.P.C. In the best advice available
in the country that for our justification In the case the requiSite
anthentlcated copy of the representation Is Indispensable. and
 110 SOMF. COKFlDENTJAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVM ~!T

accordingly on behalf of the S. G. P. C. I request your Highness

to please give us one.
H. H. This is the second new proposal. I must require time to
consider over it. I shall consult my advisers In the matter.
R. S. Cannot your Highness please send for your advisers now!
H. H. No. can not. I must look to the convenience of other persons
as well .
R. S. We can go whence the adviser is to come. It Is only
a question of a few hundred rupees for him. But please see to our
difficulties as well. Surely our inconveniences are far greater than his.
H. H. There should at least be one holiday.
Lastly it was decided that the S. G. P. C. man should go on
Saturday to get the reply on Sunday.
R. S. One thing more. Sir. supposing on the advice of your
advisers. your Highness decides that your Highness Is unable to
give any of the two documents requested for. kindly consider and
advise us what we should do then. for taking everything Into
consideration. we have made these requests.
H. H. Why should we anticipate troubles before hand!
R. S. My Dear Maharaja Sahib. I have already Slid that I cannot
delay our decisions much longer. In case your H. does not give us
any of the said two documents. please PUt your Highness In our
position and advise us what to do. for in our opinion without one
of these two documents there is no gOing forward by us.
H. H. Does this mean that you are to give up the Nabha question' !
R. S. Well sir. when the Panth teok up Nabha quest ion. It did
not take up to give it up. It has not sacrificed for this question for
one complete year, meaning its sacrifices to be wasted. It took it
up In rignt earnest and it wants to proceed on so with it. but can't
do without one of the documents mentioned.
H. H. It is not my cause now. it is the Panthlc cause. The great
GUt.u has said .' BGnhen J inan di pakrie sir dije Bnahen nan
 SOME CONFJEDNTIAI. PAPERS OF TH E AI, AU MOVE MEr( T III

'e " When the Allie. took up Belgium's c.use. it WAS no longer
chiton
Belgium'. It wa. of the Allie.. -
R. S. Well Maharaja Sahib. it i. the panth' s cau and Panth i. proud
to have taken it up. Panth, in accordance with the orders of the
great Guru does not in the least contemplate giv ing up the arm It
has gra<ped. It want< to hold it fast. But kind ly do not .natch away
the arm , which In other word. means give the Panth what is
neceary for it to fight on ; without giving anything means asking
us to fight on Without any arms. Without one of the documents,
the movement is bound to cripple down and con.equently It cannot
be expected to walk. We do not Want to keep quiet. As you say
we v.ant to bring political pressure on the party concerned. )\nd, in
my ep inion the best thing for Us would be to place the matter
naked open before the Briti.h publ ic. American public, the British
Gcvernment, and for the Congress. Khilafat and others making a
(emmon cause with us in the matter. But suppose the Government
tomorrow says Mah.nja Sahib i. sati.fied with the decision , where
do we "and . What reply have we to give 1 I cannot say what the
Panth will do. But I must put it in very clear words that in case
your Highness decided not to give either of the two documents,
Panth will decid e what it should do, how it .holiid proceed
The form of decis ion I cannot say. but in my per<onal opinion
the re i. no ground for S. G. P. C. to push on. The S. G, P. C.
have (no) locus stand; in the matt er. They beceme crippled al .d
they cannot move.
H . H. But there must be some occasion for a public statJ9:ment.
It was occasion for me to make on when t he Viceroy made the speech
or Lord oliver, but how can I make a statement after a year
Without any reason r How can statement spring out like a mushroom
in the rainy se on .
R. S. Occasions can be created for it (He suggested one or two
proposals for creating occasions ror the state ment, but they Were
not considered to be sati.factory ones and Mr. Pannikar agreed
With H. H. ). Well We can think for th e cccasions and we .hall
112 SOME CONFIDEN TI AL PArERS OF IRE AI\ALl MOVEMENI

suggest later on . But in the meantime you very kindly do decide

on the tWO proposals, and in case of there not maturing, the
alternative, as the S. G. P. C. must decide In the matter before
any delay.
Mr. Chato:-Why not await Hailey's announcement in his
Durbar at Amrltsar ?
H. H. Yes.
R. S. In view of urgency of matters, we cancot postpone It till
then.
H. H. You ask me for an alternative suggestion. You also give me
your opin ion putting yourself in my poslti"n.
R. S. If I must give my opinion, then putting my humble personality
in your Highness's place I would not like to give the copy of the
representation, but I shall have no hesitation absolutely In giving
the public statement demanded.
H. H. I shall consider over It.
It S. Well sir, we shall be sending our man, most probably S.
Daulat Singh to be here on saturday to get your final reply, I. e..
either a public statement, or an authenticated copy of your represen-
tation, or a suggestion as to what S.G. P.C.should do In the matters of
Nabha question. But I must Impress upon your Highness the
necessity of the ducoments and also that in their absence panth
must without delay decide for itself what It should do.
Final thing I have to mention Is that the S. G. P. C. has from
time to time been receiving information that certain persons
Including some newspapermen have been coming to your Highness
and getting money on the pretence that it was reqUired for Panth lc
work In connection with the Nabha question and the S. G. P. C.
further heard that In one particular Instance a gentleman took a
large amount from your Highness for the S. G. p, C. , that the
Panth since it took up Nabha question is ready to sacrifice every-
thing for your cause, but does not expect and is not ready to
accept even a Single pie from your Highness for the purpose. And
furthermore, If anybody whosoever has taken any money for the
 SOME CONFIDE:-: TI AL PAPERS OF THE AKA LI MOV E MENT 113

S.G.P.C. or otherwise , it was not with the order, permission,

cognisance or Information of the S.G .P.C. In the case of big sum,
as soon as S.G.P.C. came to know about It, It ordered him to
return It to you. S.G.P.e. was Informed after a few days that It had
been returned. The position of the S.G.P.e. was quite clear In
the matter. Your Highness should clearly understand that it Is
not an indiv idual. whosoever, or a group of individuals that Is
working In the S.G .P.e. for Nabha question . It is not even the
W.e. or Executive Comm ittee for the S.G.P.e. that it Is working.
It Is the Pan,h alone and comb ined who gave 'he S.G .P.C. that
mandate In the election.
H. H. I do not interest myself in money matters . Tell this
to Maharani (Sah iba).
Maharan i Sah iba came and the matter was repeated to Her
Highness.
After other mutual social e nqu iries, Mr. Pann ikar, A.S. and
R.S. took leave .

The whole of the above was related to the W.e. who decid ed
that R.S. should again go and get the matter finally settled . He Is
proceeding to Dehra Dun to night, the 25th July.

(Sd /- Secretary. S.G.P.C.)

Amritsar.

59
27-7-2"

In continuation of my report dated the 25th July I have to

report the follOWing : -
I reached Dehra Dun 5-30 on tbe 25th July, went to Mr.
Chatopadaya (who), was as lee p. Went to see S. Prem Singh. non e
responsed. Went again at 8-30. It was dec ided, I should see H. H.
at 9. But H.H. not feeling well . I had to walt till about II . At II
It was decided I could see H.H . at 3-30. I went about 4. P.M.
114 SOME CO~FlDXETIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALr MOVEMEXT

H.H. said. as he was not feeling well. I had better see Chato . and
that he himself would listen to it. I asked "what has been decided.
Has H.H. decided in favour of giving a public statement or a true
authenticated copy of the representation /" Mr. Chatopadaya said.
"H. H. has decided "NO" In both the c2ses". I said . "I explained
last time how necesslrY it was, that either of the 2 documents
should be given. I added, in cas. of Nabha question, I cannot see
how S.G. P.C. can proceed further without o ne of these two docu-
ments. I meant waste of the Panth's sacriftces during the flst
year. This means leaving the Panth to its look. The Panth under
these cir cumstances shall have to consider how it should proceed
further. But in doing so our object that was ther e should be (no)
unpleasantness and at the same t ime the course should be such
that Government not be able to harm either the S.G.P.c. or H.H."
Here long d iiCussl o n ensued. Maharaja Sahib, apparently under
effects of the impression that he had not been treated fairly by our
people , said two or three times. "Then why not leave the Nabha
question." I then askod, "Has H.H. said so seriously. I can (not)
think of anyother alternative under these ci rcumstances. What
course Is then left / What more suggestion I can make / But In
saying H.H. said "I said so at the time S.G.P.C. men (came) to
Nabha." I was told by Bawa Harkishan Singhjee "quite possible.
w hether probable. after sometime the gove rnment may give
writing to your Highness that H. H. will be restored after a certain
period. The government may bri be you and so on . But you should
not leave the S.G .P.C. and S.G .P.C. would not leave H.H." He
further said. "Master Tara Singh lee said, "you are politically dead.
Your raising will be a ressurection. The community will raise
you, and before long ." But in spite of this. though I could not doubt
_II what Maharaja Sahib said . and certainly with pain . I had to repeat
"Then Maharaja Sahib, we do not want to leave N, bha question.
we did not take it up to give it up. All what S.G. P.C. did dur ing
one complete year was not done (or the sake of fun . We took
the matter in hand seriously and we seriou sly mean to finish It
 SOME COl'FJDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKA LI MOVEME NT 115

successfully. But I explained to you how impossible It was for us

to do so without either of these twO documents and that how the
documents could be used . in our opinion, for further struggle."
But as H.H. (was) not prepared to do either of these two things.
I had to enquire whether under these circumstances, H. H.
seriously advised us to give up Nabha qu<stion . It was too late
then and I was asked to stay there for anothe r day which, after
some hesitation, I had to agree to.
Next morning (July 26), I drafted the attached rough draft,
which I explained was subject to alternation, correction and
approval of both H.H. and the S.G.P.C. This time S. Prem Singh
Jee, Maharani Sahiba , Maharaja Sahib , B. Chatopadaya were
present . I explained again the necessity for the statement and
requested H.H. to be prepared to give that; the document was
to be signed then and used when the Associated men went there.
But as the reply was to the negative, I said, "Taking your
Highness' s remarks"-'then why not leave the Nabha question'-to
be serious proposals, I presented the draft No. 2 of a letter
addressed to the S.G.P.C. asking it to give up the Nabha question.
Here Maharaja Sahib reltrated his yesterday's talk about our
men ' s promises and remarks and 'so on and showing me S. Tara
Slogh's telegram to England published In the Tribune laid "S.G.
P.C. now wanted a loop.hole to give up Nabha question . I have seen
negotiation paper with S. Mangal Singh. There was a proposal that
S. G, P. C. would give up Nabha question on Its getting some letter
to that effect. It was a foregone coocluslon with the S.G.P.c. "
He further said, of course In words which came out from a deep
heart, "S.G.P.c. a'ked me to be ruined ~y submitting that petition
to the Viceroy. I was against it. Maharani was against it. My
legal adviser was against It. By your representative Deedar Singh
I was told this was the message of S. B. Mehtab Singh and his
COlleagues that I should sign the representation . In view of the
fact that Deedar Singh came with BawaJee and on other o<:cas ions
on behalf of S.G .P.C. and also in view of the absolute fact that St.
 116 501<110 CO:<FJDENTIAL PAPERS OF TIlE AK ALI MOVE~1ENT

Teja Singh told me at Nabha (Deedar Singh was present with him)
that Deedar Singh was the Gupt (secret) Jathedar of Sri Akal
Takht Sahib. I and Maharani were. as Sikhs. left with no alternative
but to sign the representation. I have been ruined by the sub-
mission of that representation. I have been swindled. I wrote
also the last year's message to the Associated Press with Bawajee's
approval. Because your movement is gett ing weaker, because you
are getting less funds. now you want a loop-hole. It is a fact that
no life is left in us now. But if S.G.P.C. now give up the Nabha
question. wh.t is le ft In us? If there is any. it will be squeezed by
the government. It is Pandlt Malavlya who spoiled my case with
Sir All Imam. He urged Ali Imam to treat me as he did. It is
. Malaviy. who changed his views after seeing my case. About
that very case you depend upon Malaviya? I often said Bhagat Ram
was Daya Kishan Kaul's man. I was ignored in this respect as
well. I cannot give the representation (i) because it is a private
communication and second ly as it will prove our connection."
He was of the opinion that, situated as he was, he could not prove
his case in any court. and as the limited enqUiry demanded by the
S.G.P.c. was physically Impossible without going into the details
of the whole case. he waS not prepared for the enqUiry and at
the same time he could not see what good such enquiry could do.
He could not suggest anything to the S. G. P.c. but surely in view
of the reasons and the state of affairs explained above S. G. P. C.
would be betraying him. If S.G .P.C. gave up Nabha question. If the
court demanded the letter from him . he said. he would have no
objection In giving the letter then."
In a long speech. in which I expressed regret at the happenings
about the Hu kam Nama. which. I must repeat here as well.ls no
less an abuse of power then that exercised by the Mahants whom
we have ousted. vindicated the position of the S. G. P. C. in this
matter as well as in the matter of money. J explained to H. H. th e
Intentions of the S. G. P. C. with regard to Nabha question. Maharaja
Sahib being satisfied, we sat together to consider the matters cool-
heartedly. I Fointed out that I did not know law. but I thought the
 SOME CO}'"FJDENT1AL PA FERS OF THE AKALT MOVEMENT 117

court had no Jurisdiction over H. H. In that case. Her Highness

suggested. better get the Viceroy as witness an(ask o. him to produce
the letter. Here I pointed out the danger of proving our connection
by asking the Viceroy ta produce the petitian.
After further del iberatians. H. H. consented ta give the
attached public statement to Mahatma Gandhi. But the statement
was ta be reply to a letter from Mahatma Gandhi asking the questions
to which H. H.'s statement could be a letter. and secondly the
onus of publishing the statement was to lie with Mahatma Jee.
Mahatma iee should not ask in the letter whether H.H.'s letter
was to be published or not but he can publish it.
H.H. pointed out the difficulties that may arise after the elders
convinction and new men taking power after us or in the next
election. I assured him on the points. Finally the statement was
dictated by H. H. and I made out two copies and then took leave at
about 10 past seven in the evening. sit'ing for practically the
whole day.
(Sd/-) RaJa Singh.
P.s.
I regret owing to feeling puzzled. I have not been able t~
repeat the facts in exact words I used there. but the facts are the
same, though not put here in exact sequence of occurence.

(a)
Draft No. 1
A special representative of the Associated Press interviewed
H. H. Maharaja Sahib Bahadur of Nabha at Dera Dun on the- - -
and the following conversation took place.
Asstd. Press Repr.
It is generally believed that Birdwood negotiations failed
because S. G. P. C. insisted on your Highness . restoration The
belief seems to have been confirmed by the speech of Lord Peel ,
the late Secretary of State for India. In the recent debate on the
Indian situation In the House of Lords.
118 SOME CO~FIDEN TI A L PAPERS OF THE AI{A LI 1~ OV EME :-l T

But considering your Highness' quietness over the sFeeches

of Lord reading, Sir Mohd, Shaffi, Lord O li ver, Sir Malcolm Hailey on
the Nabha affair, people feel that your Highness is satisfied with the
decision of the Government of India in your case and the attitude of
the S. G. P. C. In the matter is not appreciated .
Hi. Highne .. :--
The presu mptlon is Incorrect. I am not satisfied with the
decision of my case which was wholly a Banao of Intrigues and
bribery, not without the hand of the officials of the Political
Department. I kept qu iet over the insults levelled against me in the
speeches you refer to partly owing to derangement of my health
through drugs given me in the course of Intrigues ar,d partly because
I consider It futile to cotest my case further In the face of gross
injustice done to me.
Ifat any time circumstances convince me that justice will be
done, I intend to fight out my caSe.
But at the same time it should be clearly undertood that
I am not responsible for the activities of the S. G. P. C. or any
other Sikh body with regard to my case.

The draft was prepared off hand without cons iderations or

consultations at D. D.

(b)
Draft No.2
To
The Pres ident,
S. G. P. C.,
Dear Sir,
It Is rumoured that Birdwood negotiatio ns fa iled ma inly
because of the S G. P. C. insisting on my restoration. Lord Peel 's
speech on the Indian situatio n In the recent debate in the House
o f Lords has tended to confirm that rumour.
Though my attitude towards the activities of the Panth with
regard to Nabha question has throughout r em ained the !Hr e as
 SO~lE CO Nl'lD::NTl AL Pt\ P E.RS OF THE AKALt MOVE.ME.:>IT 119

expressed in the Associated Press . telegram , of-- 1923; I

cannot but thank the Panth for the feeling of goodwill underlying
these activities.
But in spite of this and the mer its of my cases I consider it to
te In the Interests of all concerned that the Panth should set aside
my case and I wish the S. G. P. C. exert there influence In that
direction .
To be from his Highness.
Drafted suddenly at Dehra Dun without consultation but
scbjt(t to approval of both the S. G. P. C. and H. H.

(c-)
Draft No.3
My dear Mahatma Jee,
I am much obliged by the receipt of your kind letter.
In reply to your enqUiry, I have to say that I have been reduced
to my present cond ition through the trickery, corruption, Intrigue,
vindi<tiveness and disloyalty of myoid enemies, rivals, officers,
servants, and people who posed as friends. After crushing me these
very people, still not being satisfied, have often abused me publicly
In press and levelled baseless charges against me, which one cannot
help characterising as mean and mischievous as my vllifires and
slanderers know that, situated as I am, I could not reply to them.
Mine is a very sad case and I was much touched by your kind
enqUiry. I am suffering under a great wrong and grave injustice and
what more makes my pOSition sadder Is that crippled and clipped
as I am I cannot vind icate my honour. ( Rs to Elders-will this help
us I )
If my memory does not fall me I think the Han' ble the Home
Member said in one of his speeches last winter that Government
took action In my case as a result of a judicial enqU iry or something
to that effect. Now it w ill come to you perhaps as a surprise that
not Withstanding my repeated requests Government d id not permit
the counsel to apear In the case to which I was entitled under
120 SQ;\1E C01'FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKA T.I ~JOVEMEKT

Government's own resolution. Such enquiry, I think, can not be

called a judicial enquiry at all.
There may be some ;uch other things as well, with which I
need not trouble you at this late hour as I do not think that will
serve any usful purpose.

60

From Sardar Mangal Singh to Secretary S. G. P. C.

16th August 1924
Delhi.
My dear Sardar Sahib JI,
Mr. Pannikar has come back this morning. He had long talk
With Pandlt Moti Lal Nehru, Mr. Dass and C. F. Andrews on the
Sikh situation and showed them negotiations papers. They .11, one
and all, perfectly agree with us and are prepared to fully support us
IA our demands. They say our demands are very reasonable and
are exactly what can be expected from any reasonable man. I under-
stand from Mr. Pannikar that he had already written to you direct
from Calcutta. Moti Lal and Dass are prepared to mOve matters with
the Government of India or the Home Government, if necess'ary.
I want authenticated statement of our minimum demands to be
given over to Pandlt Moti Lai, Mr. Dass, C. F. Andrews and
Mahatma Gandhi.! have got some papers already but I want about half
a dozen copies of the negotiations papers as well as a statement
of our minimum demands. This would help us in enlisting sympathy
for our movement because when the people come to know about
the reasonableness of our demands t hey will support our case
whole.heartedly. This Is necessary. I will see Pt. Moti Lal When he
is passing to Simla or possibly I may travel with him up to some
distance and explain to him the whole situation and tell him what
we want them to do. They have passed resolutions making our cause
there party question but my complaint Is that our sikh friends in
L. A. are not doing what they should do. They do not canvass and
 SOME CONFIDENTIALPAPERS OF THE AKALI MOV EME NT 121

even do not mix with the Swarajists. They do not explain the Sikh
situation to them. They do not ask them to help them. I think the
S. G. P. C. should definitely order them to do this and that. ney
are very lazy. other-wise we will have to take some disciplinary
measure ag.lnst them and ask them to clear out to make room for
others and better heads. I am feeling very strongly on this matter.
I am enclosing herewith the copies of the resolutions passed by the
S",araj Party meeting held at Calcutta on the 16th Instant for your
perusal.
I understand that Sardar Joglndra Singh and Ul!al Singh have
gone to Amritsar with some proposals. I object very strongly to
S. UlJal Singh coming in when we do not want him. ' 5. Jogindra
Singh Is a second best choice but he Is sometlmes impulsive and
for him It Is difficult to distinguish whether this Is to be done or
not. At this time or that. he should be given definite Instructions
beyond which he should not be allowed to go In any case.
Please send half a dozen copies of the negotiations file and
statement of our min imum demands that would help us even in
propaganda work.

I am yours Y. Sincerely
Mangal Singh.

(To S. Daulat Singh)

61
From S. Mangal Singh Deihl .
My dear 5ardar Arjan 5lnghjl.
Herewith I am sending you the letter which Pannlkkar wrote
me today as soon as he came here. He has already sent one letter
to you direct and I have also written another brief letter giving my
Impressions of the talk which I have had with Pannlkkar. I again
asked him to write out the correct version I am forwarding for your
perusal.
Yours Sincerely,
122 SOME CONFIDE NTIAL PAPERS OF T HE AKALI MOVEMENT

62
From Shri K.M. Pannlkkar to Sardar Mangal Singh.
Deihl,
August I B, 1924.

Dear Sard .. Mangal Singh,

I wrote to you fro," Calcutta the result of my Interviews with
Pt. Meti Lal Nehru and Mr. Dass, Pt. Nehru told me that he
would be prepared to help us in every way, with resolut ions,
questions, etc., In Ihe assembly and by personal negotiations If
requ ired. Mr. Dass is not going to England but on my showing him
the papers in connection with Birdwood Negotiations he told me
that if an authenticated copy of the proceedings Is given to him,
he will communl<ate d irectly with the Cabinet. I also got a promise
from him to pass two resolutions at the Swarajlst conference which
are worded something like this.
"This meeting of the Swarajya Party of the Ind ian National
Congress places on record Its sympathy for the cause of the
Gurdwara Reform undertaken by the S. G. P. C. and expresses
appreciation of the sulferings and sacrifices undergone by the whole
Sikh community In Its present struggle with the Government,
Th is meeting of the Swarajya party calls upon all Swarjlst members
in the Panjab Legislative council and in the indian Legislative
Asstmbly to give whole-hearted support to the ir Sikh colleagues In
their attempt towards a reasonable settlement of the problem _"
Both Pt. Moti Lal Nehru and Deshbandhu Das have promised
me that these resolutions will be passed unanimously In the
meeting. I also showed a copy of the statement (which was drafted
but not Issued) about th e negotiations to the C. F. Andrews who
has promised to get It published In the Manchester Guardian_
Myown feeling is that If a settlement by negotiation is
possible, then the only man who can lio It Is Pt. Moti Lal Nehru.
Pandit Jee told ' me that Hailey asked him twice to Intervene but
he did ITOt want to do so at that time. He declared himself ready
 SOlAE CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE A1(ALl MOVEMENT 12J

If some one who had full authority from the Committee will
Instruct him. Pandlt lee will be going to Simla In the first week
of September, probably on the first. It would be advisable If Sardar
Raj' Singh or Mangal Singh could be sent with full authority. I
have every hope that the matter may be settied in such a case If
Pandit Nehru will take It in person to Sir M. Hailey. This is the
impression I gathered and It Is given here for all it Is worth . In any
case the leader of the Swarajya Party In the Assembly carries much
more weight with the officials than any other Individual and if we
can secure him to speak for us, there is every chance of securing
better terms. Personally I am strongly of opinion that he will do
much better than Pc. Malvlya who Is thoroughly distrusted by the
Government. But that is for the Committee to decide.
K. M. Pannlkkar.

63
From Sardar Mang.1 Singh to Sardar Daulat Singh, Secretary
S. G. P. C.
Hall Street
Amritsar
21 August, 192'1.
My dear Sardar Sahib,
P.nnlkkar and I are ourselves non-plussed and thoroughly
flabbergasted to see the publication of a statement regarding
Birdwood negotiation in the 'Forward' . I think what happened was
thIs. Asaf Ali got hold of a statement some-how or other either
from Dass or from some other place, and while he was Introducing
a resolution in the SwaraJist council about the Sikh s, read out that
statement and from there it Went out to the press and 'Forward'
published it without s.ylng anything as to whence or from whom
they got it. I have sent a wire to Dass to know the real facts, the
wording or which Is this: "Regret Asaf Ali reading a document
which was private and given to you In confidence in the SwanJist
conference. Please wire reply, Pannlkkar."
124 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF TI-lE AKALI tIlOVEMENT

We have received the authenticated copy of the statement

and minimum demands. I will see Moti Lal "'hoo he is going to
Simi. and discuss the whole matter. I think instead of trying your
Bill business in the Punjab council which is rotten, it would be
brought up In Legislative Assembly. We may not succeed but we
will get on all-India status and Sir Malcolm Hailey will simply be
confused. With a powerful daily paper from Deihl and for the
matter of that the whole SwaraJist party with us, we can make the
Govt. Jump. In fact the SwaraJlst support Is contingent on the
support of our paper to the ir party which we have promised provided
they do not fight with the Congress. They have given up the idea
of starting another paper from here or purchasing Eastern Mail.
They rely on us and promised to send us their good wishes.
Please consider this q' estl)n reg. L. Assembly. If their Is no
legal or technical objection to it, then it may easily be taken. Akall
and Gurdwara question is now an All-India question.
Please write me in detail.
With best wishes,
You rs very sincerely,
Mangal Singh.

64
From Sardar Mangal Singh to Sardar Daulat Singh, Secretary,
S. G. P. C.
Deihl,
22 August, 1924.
My dear Daulat Singh,
I wrote you yesterday how we ourselves were much surprised
to s.e the publication of the statement in the 'Forward' of the 19th
instant. Pannikkar was naturally much upset and he Immediately
sent a wire to Dass, the copy of which was sent to you yesterday.
This morning he has again sent another telegram to 'forward' for
publication, the copy of which I am enclOSing hereWith for your
Information . We are stili ourselves wondering as to how the copy
 SOME COl<FIDEl<TIAL PAPERS OF THE AKAL! MOVEMENT 125

of the statement went Into the hands of Asaf Ali. The reply from
Dass has not come so far. As he has left Calcutta for Jamshedpur,
I do'nt expect his reply very soon. We have been making enquiries.
Mr. Asaf All himself has not come back so far, but we happened to
meet Mr. Sherwani who has just come from C.lcutta after attending
the Swarajist conference. He told us various things about Asaf and
our D. D. friend which are very much amusing. This gentleman
is highly respected and reilable, and we have no reason whatsoever
to disbelieve what he says. You know already that Asaf went to our
friend and saw him for a pretty long time and that the whole thing
was kept secret even from men like Chattopadhya who is supposed
to be hIs most confidentIal adViser and from whom, .. you know,
nothing is hidden. I told you already that our friend has made
certain important proposals to the Swara] party, the nature of which
could not be known at that time but what has transpired now has
confirmed my conclusions. Mr. Sherwanl told us that Asaf wired to
Motl Lal Ji asking him to travel with him from Allahabad to Calcutta
as he had certain Important communIcation to make to him. So they
both travelled together. Mr. Sherwanl also happened to go In the
same compartment. He says that when he went there; Asaf was
reading certain papers to Motl Lal JI which he stopped as soon as he
entered the compartment and an enquiry from him (Motl Lal) said
that these papers were about the Akalis. Sherwani says that he did
not know the nature of the papers but they were With Asaf Ail and
he put them back in his bag and that Asaf was also taiking of this
communique in the train. Amongst other things he also told Pandit
JI that he knew it for certain that the Akalis would not be able to
hold out for more than a month and that he should Interfere In the
matter otherwise the Sikh's cause stands to lose and the movement
may go down. Mr. Sherwani further told us that Asaf told Pandlt
JI that the Maharaja has made a definite proposal to the Swaraj party
to offer them one lack of rupees provided they took up his cause, and,
eVidently, Asaf went from here with this proposal and naturally some
Important papers from our friend. I do not know what had been
126 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

Its f.te, but what I came to know from Sherwanl regarding the
answer given by Moti Lal JI , I think it was reject~d. Sherwani told
me that Pandlt JI while talking of this proposal remarked, "Look
here, I .m 63 and have seen much of the world but this chap wants
to make me a foo/." It appears that Pandlt JI has clearly told As.f
that personally he had to Interest in the Nabh. question. He Is only
Interested In it because his friends Akalls took it up. He flatly
refused to discuss this proposal saying that he would not hear
anything about the Sikhs unless It comes from the S. G. P. S. That
was the only reply worthy of a man of his pOSition, and from this
It can be safely presumed that Mr. Dass might have given the same
reply to him. But it would be useful to push on the enquiries in
that direction stili further.
As regards the statement Mr. Sherwani told us that when Asaf
began to read it, Motl Lal said that it was not a public document to
which Asaf replied, 'why not'! Mr. Dass Is also reported to have
objected to his reading the statement. After reading a few lines,
however, he himself said that since people do not appear Interested
In hearing It, he may stop it, and did so, but he gave it to the press.
Now the-questlon that worries us most is how and from where he
got hold of this statement. There was one copy with Mr. Dass to
whom it was given in full confidence, and It is not likely that he had
shown it to Asaf since he knows all abont him. The fact that he
brought some Important paper from D.D., which he was re.dlng to
Pandlt Ji in train, raises serious doubt whether or not he could get
Its copy from the D. D. friend . Mr. Sherwanl also told us that Asaf
was talking abou t it In the train before he ha4 reached Calcutta. By
the way It should be remembered that the D. D. friend was very
much interested in the publication of this statement, because he did
not like the negotiations to be r .. umed on these lines (leaving Nabha
Question aside which was, he said, tantamount to formally giving It
up). I myself have serious doubts that the Maharaja will ultimately
play false to the S. G. P. C. These damned princes, you know, do
not care for anything if they could get their own work done. The
proposal of offer of one lack to the Swaraj party and giving
 SOME CONFIDENTl/l.L P/l.PERS OF THE /l.J(/l.LI MOVE~mN r I Z1

confidential papers to them. Without any consultation and even

knowledge of the S. G. P. Coo are serious matters and should not be
overlooked. It shows what way the wind is blowing. EVidently
he is getting hopeless from the Sikhs and now he is look ing forward
to the Swarajists. He is just like a drowning man who would
unhesitatingly and unscrupulously pusl. down his dear and neark insmen
and would try to catch hold of anything in order to save. himself.
I am' sure if even he could find and occasion to betray us to the
Government. he would not pou se to do it. It is high time. therefore,
that we think over this question, otherwise it may be too lote. Pleas.
send this letter to the Babas. I will ~e mak ing further enquires
here but I th ink it would be useful if you could send some clever
chap to D. D. who would regularly watch his movements and report
all that happens there.
With best Wishes,
Yours very Sincerely,
Mongol Singh.
65
Telegram (August 22. 1924)
From
Pannikkar Secretary Akali Sahaik Bureau. Deihi.
To
"Forward" Calcutta
Kindly publish prominently following message in connection
w ith publication of document entitled "Gurdwara Reform and
Birdwood" quote, much surprised to see in Forward of 19th
Instant. the publication of a document purporting to give .detail,
about Birdwood negotiations. From the document it is clear that
it was a private message and it is much to be regret ted that it
should have been publ ished without authorisation from proper
quarters .
Pannikkar. "
C/o Hindustan . Burn Bustion Road.
Delhi.
128 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THB AKALI MOVEMB N r

66
Ambala City
21-8-24_
Dear Sardar Sahib,
Referenc~ your letter dated 19-8-24.
I. I will try my best to do as mentioned In para a, but I have
explained the situation in my last letter.
2. Manifesto proposal is certainly a very good one. We will
try to take in as many H. & M. as possible. We have got very littie
material at our disposal here. Just please get It ready at Amritsar
and send on to me. I will then send it for signatures. This is high
time for the nerve, and I think we should be as quick In the matter
as possible. Let the history of the nation, services and the
movement be put in very briefly.
3. I will try my best with respect to 3.
Yours sincerely.
Gurbaksh Singh.
67
24-8-1924
To
The PreSident S.G.P.C.
Amritsar.
Respected Sir.
As I do not believe in the polky and actions which actuated
breakage of Birdwood negotiations so far as our side is concerned
(and on the day rejection of settlement was finally decided In Lahore
Fort Jail. I stood against the rejection) and as the present policy of
the S. G. P. C. (only one general committee has met after 13th
October. ' 23 and one executive and of these tWO considered the
policy) and policy and actions of its very powerful and important
Instruments are unduly dominated by outside influence and
consequently under the circumstances not In the Interests of the
Panth and as in spite of strenuous efforts of some of the present
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEldE:-IT 129

members of the W . C. (are) rebuking myself and. even those of the

leaders now undergoing trial, the matters are going further In that
direction . I have been obliged to hereby submit my resignation from
the working committee, which ~please accept and oblige.
I beg to remain,
Sir,
Yours most obedient servant,
Raja Singh.
68
Rose Cottage, Simla E.,
1st September, 1924.
Dear Sardar Sahib,
Since the failure of the Bircwood committee, I have been
~ery anxious for the position of our community In the province and
I have been thinking if any suitable further attempts can be made
to arrive at a settlement.
I saw Sir Malcolm Halley at Rawalpindi but I purposely did
not mention any thing about the Akali situation as I wanted to guage
the feelings of the Govt. and the Panth on the situation as well as that
of the Hindus and the Mohammadans. I have seen that the
sympathies of the Hindus and Mohammadans are daily on the decrease
on account of their thinking that the position taken up by the
Akalis being unreasonable.
The failure of the negotiations of the Birdwood committee
has, I believe, done a good deal of harm to our cause. Therefore,
I have been In Simla, now, for about two weeks and I was trying
to find out some body who could intervene on our behalf because I
thought that it was impossible for any Sikh to intervene at this time.
After many consultations and requests, I have found a gentleman
whose name I would not like to mention in this communication. He
is a wiry able and also a legal man from outside the Punjab. He is
also a knight and In good books of the Government. He toas promised
to Intervene and try to have the matter settled between our
community and the Government, If we take up a reasonable position.
136 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENr

Even before this he has been taking some Interest In the Sikh
situation and he understands some little about it but he has asked
me to give him Information on the following to en.ble him to see If
he can prove of any use to us.
(I) The latest bill that was being discussed between the
Government and the Akali leaders with a note as to what were the
points With which the Govt. agreed and on what it did not agree
and also the points on which the Akali leaders agreed and on what
they did not agree.
(2) Proceedings of the Legislative council, which I suppose,
are printed over the past Akali bill Which was passed in the teeth
of opposition from the Panth.
(3) Proceedings of Select Committee on the same bill Which,
I suppose are also printed.
(4) Copies ohny representations or correspondence between
the S,G.P.c. or ,Akali leaders and the Government.
(5) A statement of what Is wanted by the S.G.P .C. now.
(6) Any other information which you think would be of
Interest to the gentleman concerned.
I can assure you that he Is quite anxious to get this matter
settled between us and the Government, and will make sincere
efforts to enable us to come to some settlement.
I will be leaving Simla this evening for Deihl and after staying
there for a day or two, I will be going to Rawalpindi. If you send me
the reply to this to my add ress at Rawalpindi, it will be quite alright
and, then, If required, on my return back from Rawalpindi I can see
you at Gujranwala, Lahore or Amritsar by 'ppointment, and we can
discuss the matter If you think so with any of the present Akali
leaders.
The letter Is a private communication to your goodself and is
not meant to be made public or to be sent to the press and I hope
yOU will treat it just as such.
The gentleman whom I have Interested In our cause wants to
study the whole thing at first and then he wCluld be quite willing to
 SOM E CON FlDENTI AL PAP E!l S 0 1' TH E AKALI MOVE ME NT 131

discuss the matter with " or 5 leading ,members of Gurdwara

Committee, and then communicate with the Govt. on the basis of
the understanding that may be arrived at after mutual consultation .
From what I have gathered from the different people here
and what is now apparent from the Governor's speech and reply to
the address of the Sikh Sardars of the Ambala District at Ambala, I
think that Govt. Is also as anxious, perhaps more anxious than
ourselves, to have the matter settled although .some unscrupulous
men who have got their own axes to grind are taking advantage of
the Govt's present attitude towards the S.G.P.C.
There is another thing that comes to my mind that:
Yours sincerely,
(Sd.) (Jogendra Singh]!
To
'\
Sardar Naraln Singh Sahib,
M.L.C., Pleader, GuJranwala.

69
16-9-2".
0l1~ ~t!o fi:fUl {lft!a R3i H~I t!l f;:!'csl
/l
'1~ Rf3il!a '{RIft! I
lflwo ill,
3"'~' ill,!O' ~s '>fOil 3' '>f1\i <1llJ'HlIl B olB IR'1iI aell' 0181
M! RlBl (,)<11' Rl, IRl {IlJB Mil @lJO' RIal arB fR(') Bel iliJijt!l B
- -
-
Ifffi IOR'O'
- .
Hila-a 5 ~ ;llJ
- 0113 05 13 i'i at!l liB E!
<1' 3l!'<1B1 fail ~ '>13 f~O' RtlO o'B al3t 3 i al !A';;!l <it'!l
{lui f'l'>i~13

a ' Ht;{'al oul' <iel I lJO gc aruo t!l tf;j11l3O' 3' ;'i '>Itl Rr~'>Il II @oi
:g- '>fAl' {Ill~1 IlOH RHse ut, fa '>Il~l ~ o,re i'l' tl; 8 a~; ~
ft!H~lot t!1 f~lRlai~ ao B~ltl I fa~' fa 1)j1lJ ill Re' ,!S f;;lIi~I O'
Ilt!Hl fuiJ i'ia ~ '>f'I:IB 05 <10 fa fuo ~t5 l P<I- HloP<I Ilu~l
fel!35':G a'e B qra~ 3fuala ~ aHi'iO' qa 05 <10, <J1Bifa a'<la
R'a fa-fHa 3 fea-':l\5 <10, 3mla asl 3asl II >113 Uc! lJOa'O t!l
132 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKAL! MOVEMENT

"",1 3'013 ~ 1 ROt'a 01>11 Mill >IT. ROB'a >!{(ltlO Mw ..1 '>!3 ROB'a
B83 flful ~8' !>f'e tl3a BRB un fOl;'if.! ~'.,l!>fi 018; f~tJ :I l!l feR
~3 3' atJ'7i 81:'1 !>fRl 50 mtlll>f; iln31!>f! OIaB u! :-

(1) \lOT il30 a13T >I'~ fOl tlllT tl\j<l H3 >I'~ r

(2) fRIi ,hr8ot1l>f'fB .iR. ill tll Rl ~ fa5 OIon fOl ~~; ~
fmo f31>f Ta Cloo ..l!>f,faTI>fT fe31 tl';? r
(3) 1I'<Ja <r'fal>fi ~ \lOT I>f:\jf3ilo fi:l'3' >lT~ fCl Rot'a o~e
fRu! <rOI18 1>f3 il:~FI<l ;'io fFflll >11 ..1 R81'l (5110 Rl;{<J fRtf ~'RIOO" tl1
fe<i"3a3' 0100 1>f3 i'i fmo R: o~e f~1lI ill llTR I>l'll >11 ~c% ' UlflOl>fT
t!fRI>fT >lie!' il, ~II ~ f"t!T(Jo I
(4) fRt! ~'RIOail ~ fe>lT,,3 5~ fa ~<J ;:ra ftll>fTIO B ROOIaB
fRtll ~ iTUc!: 0110 118''1 Hl3J"ii 8el IIIH/') CIa RCI(5, :3 feR ~i f<raol
ftll>f'B ~ aliiR: 3 TfCl falO 'da1 CI').{l;P<rl I)1B tlTR 5 Flii I
(5) ti<03 11'10<;1 ill tl'R ~3 ihl f~OI I>f'tllll Ul10 f\l3 T i1'~
f=T !l3' i!3aTall>f3 fRI>fTe TiN", ~ ~;:r - "130 Clail ti,,3 ill llrH' feR
~ .
Hm?; B >ii3 3" fijB A'aa; ..1 \Ial RH31 falO Rao1 Be "T feOla'a
B I>fT~ r3 feR allO ;:;!' iRlOT ';:ri' "I' 'o''l' Ril OIa TflOl>f'~
(6) tL~Ra gal aTH ill R''llll ~.1 tQ.0I3 R? 8el tlTli 5(531
Cl131 il'~ ,
(7) f~' R: i'ifaftla fR"W ..1 ~ H"ar Cl131 il, ter ?i f810 WIO
fe3'~1
(8) (5l fail <i!S1? .3' atJ(5 t!' ItTR fo'>1'o ilftfl>f Ti1'~ I
(U) tlSOl ~~ tl'R 1it;l ail ttla \>fllllO a131 il'~ fOl >iii! oT"Ol
Ri{' fOlR <;1 !.i<l0l i1i1 &I' n;rR <PR tll tJ'3 lla <JHB' (5' Cl13' i1'~ r
(10) fAIi ii'Fl80il fil(5! 111 5il Rile! ~ falO >IIIf..Ol Raul
R<:JTfe3 TBe BEl 'laIc :3 t'l I>fTll~ f<;~ feR allO ~ fRa Bor(5 ?R3
fea ail" '1eo l filFi f"i:l FCI f!.4Cl ClHel B '!'" Ri!<! f.!THIO <ie 3.. '>lfilJ
iiiliO ~ feR OITail B (5ftlee BT ld(JT I>ffo",a ;J~. 3'fOl feua toa ..l
I>fT<;TilTel f~i:l Rlli (5T <lot! ;J~ I
 I !le-~-?b I e2l:!eJ~
JnJ..:iJ i2aJIQ!.! 'le~1l In!:'J Silh~ 'In!:'J ~rmJ 'l~e~ In!:'J aJ:\llele
'22!Wi~ In!:'J BtE['JH '(ll!. ELe.e) InljJ ~Il!! 'e~.lle In!:!J e!~
, 'l2 'n 'Ie '!if BB,lj Il.a ~ M, !.L:' .ll:ti I ~ lC'f> eillla
Aft .aJ:I le 2~ la eJn gl<t. 'G O!:!1l 'aLI'. XlBJ Ii!. BEIH AJ1J e[' !! ,~l2J
~11!. .iaJI!' .I!!l<t.a H(t HI!.! @hll<t. !iL8~eJ til) ?J 1l2.i!!!;l BI) ~1I!h ~
Xl.i IlJ g eil!1.eJ1 ee laXl i2aB ,g gEtl: l:/IA 211'< Bil!J ES:l~ 1lf!1~ l~ !;l
I ~il!iI! g B.I!!H,l2 Bil!J !l..el2 J:t>ll gH o~J ~ai Bil!J !~lAla ~ ['~
l2J ,le!.! il!.E1:'I ['aJ g '!.![' lI'<l['e !ten e!! !il2t!l2 MlB g ~ ~eJ S:lHJ
1M!! AX.2 Xli! lS:l.ll2i IlJ ~ lclli! ~,!:! .l<!eE,{lla ll! In!:'J ~ :a
I !.!l!l2 ~l! ,g
i2.2il! Bp .i2nIi ,til:! e. l!.l211' !.!.[,H l:!aJ !C!!!:t Laea til) IlJ ~ ,le!.! G
['aJ IE ~ LElg tEaJ.r~a .e.ia eteEaJ ? e.l<!EJIl 'e!l<t.nJ La ~ eg
1:'- !! I G..ana e.SEaJ HI~ .e.tlEaJ I G .L['~ lEHl;! Ll!ill gLl'. IlaJ I pHHJ
,Le!.! LHaIl'< ~.i!:tJ ~ el<! H~ l2J G .ail! .iI:IJiI eaJ LelA Lal!?
'"
I Gli!.U:!.B .i2~ !l efui ~.!:t LO!}!:! !C1!l2 al) S:l.BJ ~ I~ .e.2 t1!!J
gB e. EHer:> !'I'< ~ alil!l!.E lc ~l!!-!.!aJ-I!Et!Hl2 ,t<I:I aaJ gll.2 !:taJ
I G Il!I<t. la i!11! g ~ ~ g.il!!:! I1.!:tJ Hl~ 211! g a.n ~ S:lBJ .e.!aefe
l2J Glalli! 28Ila ['~ 'G la.i Hil! In!:!) .I!.I! :I:! la l"~ eI:I l2J'J
!! La !le-~-4 I ~iI! !I<t. MJ.sp l2BJI n!:lh Ii!. jl2JIIaeiE12JtE ?iI!
.ELS:l. MJ EI!k! ee S:lBJ L!' IE ?g l!.l2!, La~ !!,2J IlaJ !! .en ?'!! tEll2
!.!~ .a ~ll!E ee LO!:!!:' la,[,I!J Lc !ile.~ 1S:l.I!Jn ,g gBJ (I:!)

I i!2j! B2J .2!! /g Ill! IlH ~ !te~ lltll) 'l"F j'il.!tl:J

LEl! l2J ?,I! lEll!? lE!.!l} !!~ .il!t:t La !!C~ 'ge .2il! ,le!.! 13[' B!J H~
g !l[' ~Il! g ~!S:l. ~ ~ .ll:lEI:!! l2!!12 eG e.gJe Bil!J eJ:tEH.l1.!< .I!! '!l['
~Je ~!! ,g l!! el:lEHJI.!< i.i:t ~1!l2 ~eill !!12J .i!I!J:t .e.a(ti'!J!! (z I)

I ?I! G B(l i1?i!a

!.!8!;! ad>: lI! MJ E.BEllI S:l.ElJ l<!J ?,I! 'Ell!? S!~ S!l!h (n)

(EI H: ::rN::r"OI~ nv}]v 3Hl.']0 SU3dYd 'IVUX:>OUNO:J ::rNOS

134 SOME CONFIDNE TIAL PAPERS OF THE AI{ALI MOVEMENT

70
(4th Oct .. 19H)
from Sardar Joginder Singh to S. Arjan Singh.
Alra House.
Simla.
October 4th.
My dear ArJan Singh,
I have been waiting to hear from you and I am now
going to U. P. I will be back about the middle of October. I
do not know If you have fixed any date for the meeting. I
am afraid I wo'nt be able to attend If you have fixed any
date before the 17th. Any way. it would not much matter If
you decide to the following.
r. To make peace with the Government.
2. Draft an amending Bill to amend Act VI 1922.
3. Drop Nabha.
4. Press for the release of prisoners.
5. Sending only a Jatha of 50 to Jaito.
I am returning the Gurdwara Bill. '\
I am
Yours Sincerely,
jogindra Singh.

71
Lahore
23IIH
To
The Secretary S. G. p, C .
Arnrlt,ar.
Sir,
The Sikh members of the P. L. C. had two interviews with
Mr. Emerson and had long talks with him about the Gurdwara
legislation, the details of which have been verbally reported to
you. We hope you have no objection to our working out.
 50MB CO)l FIDIDIIIAL PAPERS OF THE AJ{ALI MO VEME)lT 13,

bill on those lines in consultation with the Govt.. and introduce

it In the - next session. The draft bill will be sent to you as
soon as ready.
Yours Sincerely.
Jodh Singh.
draft of this letter approved by
I. S. Naraln Singh
2. S. Tara Singh
3. S. Gurbax Singh
4. S. Partap Singh
5. S. Harchand Singh.
Dated 23/ 11

72
Confidential Dated 24th Nov, 1924.
The Secretary.
Sikh Council Party, Lahore.
I thank you for you r favour dated 23rd November, 1924.
In reply I have to Inform you that the committee will have no
objection to your working out a bill on the lines mentioned
by you. It Is, however, necessary that you will kindly send us
the draft bill , as SOon as it Is ready, for our final say in the
matter.
Yours Sincerely,
D. Singh .
Secretary,
S. G. P. C.
73
Khalsa College,
Amritsar.
Dated 26th November, 1924.
My dear S. Mangal Singh,
The Sikh members of the Punjab Legislative Council have
 136 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

a ppointed the following members to nieet Messrs Emerson and

Puckle to discuss details of the proposed Gurdwara Bill :_
I. S. Narain Singh B. A. Vakil
2. S. Tara Singh B. A., LL. B., Vakil
3. S. Gurbax Singh B. A. LL. B. Vakil
4. S. Mangal Singh Man of Kotshera
5. S. Jodh Singh M. A. Professor.
The first meeting will take place at 1030 A. M. on Saturday
the 29th at Lahore In the Committee Room of the Council
Chamber and sittings will continue from day to day till the
whole business is finished. Please do attend.
Yours Sincerely.
Jodh Singh.

74
Khalsa COllege.
Amritsar,
Dated 26th November, 1924.
Dear Mr. Emerson,
The Sikh members have appointed the following five members
to meet you and Mr. Puck Ie to discuss details of the proposed
Gurdwara Bill :.
I. S. Narain Singh . B. A., M. L. C, Vakil High Court,
Gujranwala.
2. S. Tara Singh, B. A. LL. B.. M. L. C, Moga.
3. S. Gurbaksh Singh, B. A. LL. B.. M. L. C., Ambala City.
4. S. Mangal Singh Man, M. L. C., of Kotshera, District
Gujranwala.
5. S. Jodh Singh, M. A., Professor, Khalsa College.
I am informing S. Mangal Singh, who alone was absent
from the meeting of 25th, about the time and place of the
first meeting. If there is any change In them, you may let
all know directly.
 SOME CONFIDEN TlAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEME~T

The addresses of the other Sikh members of the Council

are given below:-
J. S. Harchand Singh. M. L. C . Reis. Lyallpur.
2. S. Randhir Singh Kallaswalla. M. L. C . Honorary Magistrate.
Daska.
3. S. Partap Singh. M. L. C . B. 0 , Shankar; Dlstc. jullundur.
4. S. Mahlnder Singh. Bar-at-law. M. L. C.. Pamal. Dlst.
Ludhlana.
5. S. Boota Singh. B. A.. LL. B. M. L. C . Vakil Sheikhupura.
6. S. Bakhtawar Singh. M. L. C. Kathgarh. Dlst. Hoshiarpur.
7. S. Sangat Singh. M. L. c.. Lucknow. (You know his eXact
address.)
Yours Sincerely.
jodh Singh.
H. W. Emerson Esqr .
Deputy Commissioner.
Lahore.

75
Lahore.
10th December. 1924.
Dear Professor Sahib.
I enclose a printed copy of the Draft Bill In so far as it
can be drafted at present. It is now. I think. in a form which
should enable us to decide what modifications part from the
Sections ' Ieft blank. If any. are necessary before Mr. Puck Ie and
I. on the one hand. report to Government and before the
Sub - Committee. on the other hand . consults the Sikh Councillors
as a body. It being understood that the draft commits neither
Government nor the Sikh Cou ncillors. The next meeting Is on
Friday. the 12th December, at 2-30 at the usual place.
Yours Sincerely.
H. W. Emerson.
To
Sardar Professor jodh Singh. M. L. C.
Khalsa College. Amritsar.
138 SO ME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT

76
December, 1914,
Third Week.
n
'1 i" lJ1 <1'f<J<I]~ "ill ~l ~f3 <J I
~~ f.. 1t R~ R'f<l~,
i'ifR"1 ~IO'
. - tlCaQil erKel,
Jfl >liff.[3Ro .!1 1
rflH'o fll,
R~ W\I Bl 3il (';1'>131 J3 \I"Sil t'at' tIC ~O<'i f?E~f.I 3 '>i'\I ,,1
erilcl ~ <Jl <10 1.1001'0 -e ism 01<1('; il' l!oli '>ifQC1'o 3 I '>i'll \lail f<J3
~ Ii~ ~e ~ ;'j t'iar RHSe <J CIa 1 fl'~ \lIR' lise ,,1 iiel i~
0<11' f01~'fCl >litlo -e <1' 8'3 '>ifil5 <J<'i fer Wll' fOlR HI)jS RaQl f01R R~ij
iRS 3 0<J1' l!fl RC1 e I
e
J'll tl'R
I. Mehtab Singh
2. 3"il' fFi'UI Riieol
3. o'H fRUI erG3'O
-4. Shag Singh
5. Hf<J3'~ fFi'UI 30!HIRCo
6. 1'1'..' <IOf01f.11i fFilll
7. fOT'>l'1i1 ao fRUI
8. Nanak Singh
9. <101 fAUI fI'"5qol
10. 3"' niUl Ulf~
II . Dali p Singh
11. Sal Singh
13. Ja,want Singh (Shagat)
1-4. f\l'>llo' fFilll
15. <I]<I~ijf.lfRUi .:?<m..l
16. oo'rv; rAUl iifoR<;: ,;ms'
17. Gurdit Singh Sehlolpur
 SO}IE CONFIDENTIAL PAP ERS OF THE AKALl MOVEME:-lT 139

18. Ranjodh Singh

19. Kishan Singh of Amritsar
20. Dan Sfngh
21. fH3 fFilll ~~,,1'>11)
22. tntB1B fRlII '!;HEl
23. f'!.1.13 fJ'llll
24. <flW/o ffi'lII R'OIa1
In supercesslon of all previous suggestions sent to you by us
so far , we are forwarding to you this note signed by 24 of us. Master
Tara Singh, although, he has not signed it for private reasons, is also
in agreement with it and has seen this endorsement.
There are in all H members of S. G. P. C. amongst us.
25 have signed this note, 6 have given the second appended
note. The remaining 3, S. Sarmukh Singh, Gopal Singh Qaumi
and Chuharkana have not supplied us with any opinion. Of these
nine, with the exception of S. Sewa Singh & S. Ral Singh I I
Teja Singh Chuharkana, the rest have never participated in ou r
deliberations.

77

n
'! I Rf3q[0 l{R'fB'
(~) '>IR1' &0 fail '>fOl'lOl fa15 Hi B f~<5 <J1 <JQ f~tJ <J; ftiliT fa
;:j\:1 ~ 3' ~u <l ROIB'T ~ , llo 1>fR1' Wi: R':G 1l0OTC 'f(I B'B <J; fa RT,,1
RFi>Ho ,Fe f'Otl ,)fFJT f<!15 Ho'i!0 OIooT, filR f"'tJ tia E1 foml troOl'a ~1
&01 <lE1 <l~, '>Ill~T >WI) BTl) ~ <reT BaJB" 5~, !;{T tfu f<,'O mWrEl ii'
~e ik: B'T 03 THTi'lT ",1 "" ij~, H3 oT8' ",1 <:r.:Po Eoil tjOT ~, fleR Bel
f;eo;, <J1B3; f"'il 1>fR1' OIB',r.l3 ",1 f\!<J ailo 0<J1' B Rail, H 010 ;:je1 ,)fRT
UOlf fVl15 TQ 3' f;far 5fle>W I>f3 :<fTBRT tia El >1'0 ~ <reT 3 ie El
\i!'>fTit BT~c: ""BT faB Hmjo ",bT faJ>W 3' '>fRI' tl'JcJ '>fT~ ~el
l:!= 0i:J1' Qa;ar I
('>I) Rg 3' l.If<JB; 3; fle<J 0115 ~ fa fif""l al15-a'3 faB Rl'!ul
ii o<Jl ~ . ~<J 3' ,11 i\oc: GiaJ ii Rae] ~ ilora faB ~ ii'01 Dc: a' llf<JClt
140 SOME CONFIOENTI!.L PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

lIf<R>T R;J' IClTBl iii tl'e I IIIB f~ ol'8-~ 3T arilel illaH3

IQR'a 3-e 5<!113'ul,,1 ;:, RCia ~,,111fu8T -h fB3 iN~. 1IO '!e ilcl
feu C16 il:,,1 ;:, feR Bel fGa ,,1 fliC) 'l'a1 <Je j' lIf<R>i lIf'lw ~e1r
i;R "ll1f<:ffi 01,,101 5<!1 t.laal ;:, 3 Il'B f~" 5a 018 I R'lOl <PE f<r.:r fro
f81;11T 0I8T"fR1'>fi uo fM'lT B HOt.la Cla'fl:!'>f Tfllo' <il:!l al8).f(';;ja Ciao'
~H 0'8 tiu "cror ill3 tia t i1~ ~ -3 ,,1& "lei "00' ;:, I IR1' ~3~
-go "", f~O' fCi IRl' B' R-;'~ TIT fuu "'lfdB ut' f" f~i B Ho~o <Jl't!oji
fao' <iel faE .. t!,f"3 ,,1 oul' ECO <I''ll", I fliC) '>ll'I1 llii B' ':W ou1'
~fl;I'. f~ Bel <Jo f"ii 91 f~' f.. fl:!<? 3' ~ <J~ '>iR!' CI-el ,,1
<iel filil~'a our <J~iijl Raj' Rii' -3 0'8'3 '>fQR'O fifol ,,'0 Hall lp1'863
"'l6 Tijl, feR 8el Rl~ ,"18.. f~ <Je B' <iel [1:I'>I'l'!" 0' .. a~ fliC) ~O B~
fi:1<J;;' R'a' RR'a 01 "'<1 "'<1 Cia I
(1) F.i. ill. l{. "'lifel ie' O'H .. ,,1 0<11' Ilt!Bo' 13'illt!T ;J'~' Oil'a
RHS3 ,,1 f,,~' (iT ~e t.lTG I
(2) ~ei Be -e' j~ ~Hcl "Hel B <lC fOOlH' '>!QR'a 5co
13'ill", ;:, '>iaa'3 "" fl:!" fijI; '>i3 fij>lel ~ a'E Be '" 5.. fie' ;;!'<Jl-e'
il feR <1'" ~ f"ii lIO ..'a 3 f"ii <ii' ,,1 Uf~' llaH f~ B:lIB B<!' ij I
.
fi'lR ?; "B ", <iel fAtf i'li fijtf<!l HOt.la - odj' ..aal' I
(3) ~il fRtf fi'l<1il Ra,,'a' Bl Raf"H f,,13 uo ~o! ~ If'lla !leo
i'I' nominate <Je B' t..' ill <iel ;j'" ou1' <Je' ,,'<11B' f.. t'f.. f~ 30j
<1'.. Be 0'8 Ro"'" to} B il'aa '>f,fB aco f<r.:r influence .. a R",,1 5 I
(4) ~ ~ <iel jli oil!' <icT 13'<l1eTfli llfil81 ;Ie f"" feR 015
e T~R8' ~O "a f.. <iel ~RC!' 8'fe'>f' 5few H'llo t83 i'! 01' oul' feR
~H B oftloc 8el ~1 foal1>1 fA'" el <11 arHc:1 5el "'vlel ;:, I <ioc ~
feo ;j'CI B<!T ~H ~ :lI3a f,," wile' ~ I
(5) '1."Hc:l Bl H'iIO' Bl falC31 uk 3' uk =<00 (e ii) 5<!1
" 'illt!l 5 '>13 flOR falc 31 ~ "olCi ..ao -e' <1'.. arilc:l B <lCI f~ <icT
"'<lIB' 5 I
(6) Special Committees of Management i'i.. "Hc:l B direct
&5 5<:1l>lT il'<llt!l'>f' <JO 1>13 'li'll'>ii Committees of Management ,,1 g.
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 141

ClH~l -e 1'15 effectively <iel,>!i ,p<:Jltll,>!i ilo '>!otl'3 principal of

centralization 3 i'ia.:!C' 1O'iJltl' ~ i3 principal of decentralization
fil<!' 3C1 ii fI~ ~ tl1 ~llll ClOo1 "\lTiJl"l ~ I
(7) f,P>I'R3 i ! fhm O1H~l .:! fI'a H'<la t ..,1 fareal -e u~' fiJi!
3' ,,1 iJCI il'03 f~"\l UIC ;j< "\l'iJle iJO, ~Q 01.:! ~1 0<11' ~ "\lTiJ1! I
(8) Panel fR"\l:ir -e '>I'eHl!>fl ..,. ill O1HZl <ig' HOiilo 0100'
"ij'ult!' ~, ~Q Clt!'f;f3 (')ul' I
(9) O1il~l tll ;1c ..,1 fll'>l'''' f30 fIl5 010 eel oul..,l ~ feu
<lil3 8,11 3 O1ilel -e fi'i1i!Hi '>!QR'O 'l R~ ..,1 <iel o'iJltll a I
(I 0) ~. O1H~l .:! "jorilOlfe~ H'lloi ~ BOlIO OI"~l,>!i -e H'tIO <re?i
t!T \lo' ljo' <f0l" ;je' o'ill..,. ~ '>13 fef! <f0l ~ aOl"e' ~'':! ..,1 OJ5'Hl ~ I
(11) a. O1il~l B tle!t!'O tJi "jar;i",fz~ H'llor ..,1 3?i<!'u (')ul'
<iclo'iJlt!l, f<l5 f~ feli! ..,1 '>I'(')aol Rof~R '>fT tI'C' o'iJl.." ~ fH<r.1'
fOl" ~e'O ..,1 iJ'53 f~iJ llOO) '>13 ll'C11 H'tIO! ..,1 u'53 f~iJ ;'10) 3'
UIC ill <ie' 1O'ul..,' :I '>13 (til ,,1 '>If3 B<! RH' '>13 a<!' rarely ~03?i'
;:J'Jl..,' ~ I
(12) ~-R"\lOl"'o~<io~elRules !lie ..,1 ft15 f~"ij liezi')<Jl'
<lel "\l'ule1 I
('>!) '>13 8. 01~1 e Bylaw, ak RllQl aTofilz ~ ~el tl\;5 nill'
Be' "ij'ult!' tie' f01 O1il~l fa5 f~ ~e1 Bylaw, ?)I tIC.~ I
(e) ;1c OI"o'~el ~. O1im t1 u"a <iel o'ill..,l ::I I
(13) fI.a ill fa" f~ ROOl'o ?i iJCI tl i l>fTlW ul <fa 0lR; tll
~fF.!l:l 01"131 ~ '>13 fA\;! ~ ;'0' tro' or.. t!T l;!u3'tI ak..,l I feu ~fF.lF.l
fil(')l s1 UIC ClO'~e t!' 0130 0113' tI~ .:Jar ::I I
(!351!>fl flTal!>fl ill orB! 5t!1 R'~ lI'R conclusive '>13 irrefutable
~l"i <J?) fim:!l'>!! fOl" f~Ra'o je B' ~ OI",rei '>IRi (')ul' f5\;1'>1 1 l>f3
feo~ f~' ~Al' ~1 a<;!3 ,!S '>I'll RHS flOle <l I eol'>!! ,!oa'(')l'>1i 01"00
f'li' ill ~el falO eOl .
. B'elot 3' ~Q- He' ~H j; A~l a'i! f~ li~li3
lian' :II
i;, 1. ftlo' roo unlawful association '>Ili'sl ~ '03 flilQ3
142 SOME CO~FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEME'Nf

il[EP>1i ,,1'>f3 ii: or. '!. orilel ,,1 ,,'lIFf 0' Bt!l iF~, fori! faB ie' 1'[00'
,,1 oul' iie' I
"I
t, 2. ft!Ff faB 0'1'1 o'~ i}'>!'1'1 &el Rat:! 0<11' 5e' "'tilt!' '>13
";-,, ie' ";-,, cf<le' il'<.Ile' ~, i'i3 ~ issues O{~ Hii 0<.11' 9"'~~ "liJ1B I
:{o-q:{-:{H

OJ\! lis B ,,'Ff

(1) R<.Io fR'UI B30l!cl
(2) O'i! [RUI
(3) R3 fi'rUl, 1!1'13'of~"
(4) 3il l [RUI, flTSOl il~t!'o ~ '>f,PlO 3'13 R'f<lS
(5) R><I fi'rUi
(6) orcl3Oo fRUl (iOJaill) I
78
20-12-24

FflH'"o,
fla30 fl'f<.lS ill,
it OJ. '!. ailel,
AJ iflj3Ao I
,!H fl11.!~ ill,
H' ;'lea ,I'e Ail' '>I'1.!<!'l11 i il'aa B '>I'fci' fli il '>I;'l 30r a'<.Ia
Hilt ~ iiii 0'B"' fFf'>1'<!' ><1 ~, 1.!a Bfa >ilea "r"B F1il<! '>1'1.! ~ lPR
"'~H R~A ~ c<1 <l7i, ;'j fa fa/'l B '::!3'c:i'or <l7i fcR 8c1 H' .1 '>f'U~?~
~~ f'1'>I'lO ~Hi il~a fll'>l'lO Clae' <Ii, (!<J fC<l <10 ;-
ifar CI'1?1 1;[<J 3 olB liil elo '>13 \l:ol'>1 i 3 H lis ", Be"lo <Ii
f~(!'fu H' fcCl >iifl1 aiie1 "I ihla <Ji filFf ?l 8J '>10/'8 3113 R'foa ,,1
m;!ol f<:a ac1 oraHf3'>f' ,,1 a lol' 3 iJilra i >HlOloi i;[l)fTa l (ill ~ ffla tla
381, .m 3 oa ~ \l:l)flo, llf" gat! \l:'>1'CJl '10'1 101 ~ 10100i'fa'>1' filfl
,,1 ~'",;:r ~ illl t dO, HO, tlo ,!OWO 'H01 "jJ' 011:1' I Clrkl i HJla'il I
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS m' THe AKAL! MOVMF.~T 143

"I R'>iTH Rl'>!1I'H ~" aTO <lla fllfila ,,1 ilBol f'lil rH~IT 3 rev 'l:
- . . _ .. .. "" I

UTR 0I8 Tfa tit! ,,01 EoOircr -a,,1 OT "iii ael alH a l" 01 011,,1 "ill? I
ClJo,,'lloT
- f!!H ~R' <"ii? ~ ill! ,,1 HOi!l - r.~ii 3a i ,,1 u'at11
H3 1faa <"i~ 1 .
OT <"ii?, faolJl<'i '>I'B't! Oilf'llel il'~ 1 feu omi ii "Hel ~ l,!al'>ii 0I0'~
'l'R3 JjI'>!OIIH 3:lf3 wfila JjI ill\! ~ Rlf"a ,,1 <Jij!al f..il Iii!: 0113 1 Rl
HC!J(j l>f"il UtI'Oi Ulij ii -Ula OIij~ OIel W0l3 1N1t! ao l\!, Hu'aiR ~ ,,>13

ft!HI~<! 3 ~t11 fail l OIal~~, fOlou'O '>I'll't! O/a'~<!l 3 i f'i3 cill

OIot1'lt(jT f!!H -a asl 1;IIll 0' 10 f"il'a r3'>!'a;J Olel 5 1 r,m ~
OI"H OIt!H -3 as1fi lJIelii mi, fER faa iQRlij ;l fi'ao 5i?at l ~iJ KAli1
,,1 3a' fcOlfcOll ;gaT, 'lla,,'l'a tia ~ uaau 3' r<'iOlH ,l'cm 1 HOI!>

OIHclii Ea1ai ,,1 3a '>I'UR fiiitJ HOi;:rH' ,.,illi' 018' C!il7iOT1ii feR wa
i
fRHRH '" "fil" feot ot"tlf<J01 <i~atl I Roi;"l<J f~' f<l~ l;!RHH'('ji fi iii;" ~
31fT,!, ~>1t!1 5, fR'l' ~ H,!' ~ ~f\ll>f' OIa0l1 1 ?Silt.!' feu ~at' tia H'fa'>i T
~ BT 3aeu <i "ill?ol' I f;:m;l ii5i f'lil <:10 BI 3 i Wo:1'>ii Hat ~ f<Jil'e1ii
- .
Ulc<R Bi nit!<J <:11 R3 ~ Ha<'iai 1 'll<JB'lra f:Ga ~:l fR"U/ FilfiJi' B ;:fa' f~ij
<"i<!<R 1 INIt!i B "'" Ii~, ii'l', BO BO 2HB Ha ftml ~f.lCi B liii-fue'=!
f;:oo<ii fulji i) ~o! .=! U31'>1i, Wfllii, !!'elil ~ aoaTt' ao~ ill1o 3
R9 ~il" RoOiTO B <JfJH 3 -til' ill:!'i51 H1e if ao at~ <"ieai, 31 Hi/ fi/~i f'l"tl
~ai "roi OI'fe'>l' i/ooai :
oti 0';1 i; alB1 au'~ Ol~ R1. 'lfaB'llij 'l1 R'a liil' '>I'e 1
1N1B1liO ;110 ecT nl illNt!l. c~ ~i/ij i/a il3 " f;i' i'~ I
.
'" - - oJ

;13 f'ltl I'll ~fH'>fI. liO 1N1"', ffiel 1JIc! <fa BIl' '>I'e 1
'Io1,>!i Bli ~aarol ~ ~CIJ <J<:IT Rl, '>IIi!! flat .=! ;J13 CIJ'l' "FE I
R Acl ijijTol ,,1 ael ij" ,,<11' af5,,1 tit! H' feu B>1t!' iJi fot wa' ~ 5"
~ fe<"i ft=liJ' f!!H ii!:l fBR fiiitJ HooH i/Hel B H'ao fOli ~ <i~, i/tl Q
..11 UIC otoo ", iiel '>Iflli/'o Oilf ~01T, If,lIQi!(,;jar.t.rfC'<) i/Hel I:!' il'aa
fOiii 50 ilHcl "I il'ao Oill' <i~o".8i/H OIiiil'>!' '" il'ao 0il1' <ii?C!J1.8otH
i/i.lclfi~ fi'ao l;!ioa <:I r.r~' feQ' feot iJ.[O"'lla 'l'R3 l'il' "f~ ~ "il1c<ii,
feQ' Hi/H otiiil '" il'ao ~l "Oliic1 '" ihlo Oill' i!~011, flT01fi i/iiilfi
t!1 ilc flOaro oto'eml, ~c f'lij ka'; '" ;:fi/ ~RH B ~eo; "{j <"i~i'!ll, "3
141 SOME COXFIDENIIA L P APE R S OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

filUIChf i ~- ~ B' <I'! odl' 5~hJlf, l'!'iill "Hel '" o'H . I'!. 'lifel oilr
, 5~'
~<!1 O1ifel ?i 50m O1ifcl'>fi .! 3~0 aO'l!:c BT <101 oul' 5~OTT, il!CJ~'fCJl)fi
i:!ll>f'HBo, \lilT, Ho1'o, (3'OTCJ 3' fl'!~E 5a f"il ~H 3 lIatj oill' ;j~ar, ii1
<l<!l ii1 ~l'>fi flTa1'>f i O1Kelfi f<!Cl O1tjfaol .! HTaf<r3 ~OT1ti I f<!<J flY '!5'
~11 fI .H~ f~e ;la HOo B 50 '!~ m:lCl oill' '>f'~rB' I f<!<J fifo1 '>f<lTBl
BC5 3 ii: aHel f~ lIC' Bcl aT f01 Ie! ~ ell<O' OT aa I
BTl'!,
3ilT rAw '!'C',
'lO9~-~8

79
Confidential.
Khalsa College,
201224.
Dear Mr. Emerson,
The problem for the Sikh members is to have the bill
accepted by all seotions of the Sikhs and have no open ings for
the turbulent one to ply its trade. Perhaps you do not know
that apart from the Gurdwara funds. S. G. p, C. has got other
funds that run Into lacs, The Nankana Shahidi fund alone
amounts to something like two laos. Then apart from the
Gurdwaras In the Punjab which will come under the Act, there
are other Gurdwaras outside Punjab that are under the control
of the S, G, p, C. If we could name the new Central
organisation S, G. P. C., all these funds and places might be
transferred to It, otherwise even If they hand over the Gurdwaras
in the Punjab . peacefully the Act will have no power to compel
them to hand over to the new body other funds and
property that apart from the Gurdwara property stand
in the name of the S. G. p, C. That could only be done
by consent. It was With this end In view that we wanted the
old name to be retained. For if such a vast amount of money
and valuable property again fell into undesirable hands, It might
be used for purposes other than those mentioned in the bill'
 SOME CONFlDEKT I AL P APERS OF THE AlULI M OVE~JEN T 14;

Again our object is not only to have the bill passed but to see
it worked out . With the old name we might be able to induce
the old body to hand over charge of all its funds voluntarily.
Think of the Immense advantage that such a !tep would give
to those who want to restore normal relations between the
Community and the Govt . hope you will ponder over the
matter from this point of view and agree to the name. or if
you so desire we could wait upon H. E. and explain the whole
situation to him.
By th e way have you any objection to my taking with me
to the fort some outside members of the S. G. P. C. and have
the whole bill discussed in one or tWO sittings? In previous
negotiations It was allowed and expedited decisions. If you agree
you may kindly send me a permit allowing some 7 or 5 outside
members to visit those inside to discuss the bil l. The time
should be (rom 10 A. M. to 5 P. M.
Yours sincerely.
Jadh Singh.

80

Office of Deputy Commissioner.

Lahore. 22nd December, 1924.
Dear Sardar Sah ib,
Many thanks for your letter dated 20th of December.
In the last paragraph of your letter you asked (or a permit for five
or seven outsIde members to visit the undertrial prisoners in
the fort to discuss the draft Bill. I have sent a telephone message
to you about this through Captain De La Fargue, Political ASSistant.
Amrit,ar. but In ca'e you have not got It, will you please let
me know as soon as possible the names o( the members whom
you wish to take Into the Fort.
2. Earlier In the letter you suggested that the Sub-Committee
should wait upon His Excellency and explain to him the si tuation
regarding the name of the Central Board. My instructions on
146 SOME CONF IDENTIAL PAPERS OF TilE AKA LI ~l O V E ME~ T

this point were quite clear, and I do not think that anything
Is to be gained by further discussion. The difficulties you
mention In your letter can J I think, be easily overcome If the
Sikhs are genuinely anxious for solution of the Gurdwara problem
whatever name be given to the Central Board.
Yours sincerely,
H. W. Emerson.
To
Sardar Jodh Singh, M. A., M. L. e,
Professor, Khalsa College,
Amritsar.
81
Office of Deputy Commissioner,
Lahore, 23rd December, 1924.
Dear Sardar Sahib,
I have now obtained the orders of G~vernment regarding
the grant of permission to certa in persons to visit the under
trial prisoners in the fort. Government, as you know, hiS put
definite restrictions on Interviews and It is prepared to relax
these only for very special reaSons. These reasons have to be
very strong indeed to justify a relaxation of the rules In favour
of persons who Indude several members of the present working
Committee of the S. G. P. e and Government does not consider
that the reasons exist In th'e present Instance. It has allowed
liberal facilities to the Sikh Members of Council to visit the
Fort in connection with the discussion of the Draft Bill and as
presumably the Sikh Members are In touch with other interested
parties, it considers that these facilit ies should be sufficient. I
regret, therefore, that I am unable to give the necessary
permission.
Yours sincerely,
H. W. Emerson.
To
Sardar Jodh Singh,
Professor, Khalsa College, Amrluar.
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 147

82
Khalsa College.
Amritsar,
Confiden tial Dated 27th December, 1924.

Dear Sardar Sahib.

My Idea is that we should discuss the Bill with gentlemen
in Lahore Fort Jail on the 29th so as to have a definite Idea
of their opinion on the whole Bill. Kindly make it convenient
to come to the Fort between 10 and 10. 30. A. M. on Monday
the 29th. Do come because the larger the number the more
impressive will be our opinion.
Yours sincerely,
Jodh Singh.
M. A., M. L. C.
I. S. Gurbax Singh
2. S. Narain Singh
3. S. Tara Singh
4. S. Mangal Singh.

83
Khalsa College,
Amritsar.
I. I. 25.
Dear Mr. Emerson,
The SubCommittee met at Amrltsar today and all members
except S. Mangal Singh attended. After a good deal of thoughtful
consideration we came to the conclusion that we would wait upon
his Excellency to explain the whole situation and then
proceed with the bill. We hope you have no objection to this
procedure. Rather we expect you to kindly arrange for the
interview as soon as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Jodh Singh.
143 SOME CONFlDNETI AL rArER5 0F THE A K A-I.! MOVEMENT

84
Deputy Commissioner' s Office,
Lahore, 2nd January, 1925.
Dear Sardar Sahib,
Your letter dated the 1st January 1925.
It does not contain an assurance that the idea of giving
to the Central Board the name of S. G. P. C. In the Bill has
been definitely dropped by your subcommittee and until this
point Is left free of doubt it Will, of course, not be possible
to continue the discussion of the Bill. If the name S. G. P. C.,
has been dropped we can finish the discussion of the draft bill
and If the SubCommittee on the one hand and Mr. Puckle
and mysel f on the othe r, come to .n agreement, the Sikh
members of the council will be given an opportunity of dis
cussing the proposed Bill with Government and of explaining
any difficulties they may apprehend. But, until such a preliminary
agreement has been reached , the time is not ripe for the '
Interview with H. E. the Governor which you ask and I regret
therefore that I am unable to arrange for one.
I should be glad If you would let me know whether the
SubCommittee wishes the discussion of the draft bill to continue
on the assurance regard ing the name of the Central Board
which I have mentioned above.
Yours Sincerely,
H. W. Emerson.
To
Professor Jodh Singh,
Khalsa College, Amritsar.

85
Confidential 9th January, 1925,

Dear Mr. Emerson,

On the 5th when I saw you personally at Lahore, I
 SOME CO NFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKAL t 110 V EME!'T 149

explained to you that if the new Central Board w.. allowed

to choose its own name we were prepared to drop the Idea
of calling it S. G. P. C. in the bill. I hope you have consulted
the Government by this time and will let me know the result
of that consultation.
Yours sincerely.
Jodh Singh.
86
Confidential 9th January, 1925.

Dear Mr. Craik,

The proposals that I gave to you on the 6th and about
which we had a talk on the phone this morning are designed
to remove all the existing causes of trouble and to restore
those relations between the Sikhs and th e Govt . which obtained
before this trouble started. They should in no way be taken
as attempts to haggle or understood to mean that som" body
was offering concessions. His Excellency when Home Member
said in the Assembly that the Govt. was extending its hand it
was for the Sikhs to grasp it. Now jf the Sikhs realizing in
what theit true interests lay came forward, why should the
move be not construed in its true light 1 I hope you will look
at the proposals from .this point of view.
Yours sincer<ly,
Jodh Singh.
87
Deputy Commissioner's Office,
lahore District.
Dated 14.11925.
Dear Sardar Sahib,
You r letter dated 9th January.
The question Is under the consideration of Govt. and 1 will
let you know its decision in due course,
Yours sincerely,
H. W. Emerson.
150 SO~iE CO" 1'1 DE :-I [ UL P.~PER5 0 1' THE AKA LI MOVEMEN T

88

Khalsa College,
Amritsar.
Dated 15-2-1925_
Dear Mr. Emerson,
Will you kindly let me know if you had any talk with
Mr. Craik after our talk over the phone and what was the
result. I need not emphasise that I am ve ry anxious that the
Gurdwara Bill shou ld come before the Counc il during the Budget
Session, as was also suggested by you .
The S. G. P. C wish , if possi ble , to con sult their members
In the various prisons about the Bill. Cou ld Govt. permit S.
Arian Singh of Ihe S. G. P. C. to visit those in Lahore Fort,
Hianwall, D. G. Khan and Hu ltan Jails ; I personally think there
Is no ban on S. Arj.n Singh vi sit ing t hem.
Vours sincerely,
Jodh Singh .

89

To
The Secretary Sikh Council Party,
Amrits.r.
Dear Sir,
I am d.i rected by my committee to inform you that Sardar
Tara Singh H. L. C., should be put In charge of the Gurdwara
Bill.

Yours faithfully,
Secretary,
Shromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
No. 3156,
Amrltsar.
The 10th March, 1925.
 SO~lE. CON l'IDE:\TIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MO VE"ENT 131

90
Secret Office of the Sik h Council Party,
Amrltsar.

My dear Sardar JI ,
I herewith enclose a copy of draft Gurdwara Bill with a copy of
confidential letter received from Mr. Craik. I am sending the draft
per special messenger so that it may reach you as soon as possible.
Now that It has been put In the legal form, the lawyer members of
the Sub-Committee should go through it very carefully so that In the
next meeting with the Government we may press for the changes
thai we want. I may add that going through the draft hastily I find
that most of the changes agreed upon In our lost meeting with
Messrs Puckle and Emerson have not been Incorporated . You Will,
I hope, as advised by Mr. Craik, take special care that the draft does
not leak out.
Yours sincerely,
Sd l Jodh Singh.
M. A., M. L. C.,
Secretary_
Khalsa Coliee,
D/ March, 29, 1925.
91
Punjab Civil SeCretariat,
Lahore.
3rd April, 1925.
Dear Sir,
His Excellency the Governor has agreed to see the Sikh
members of the Legislative Council who acted a$ a Sub-Committee
for the purpose of drafting a Gurdwara Bill on Monday the 6th of
April at 2.30 P.M. The meeting will be held In His Excellency's room
In the Council Chamber building.
Yours faithfully ,
H. W. Cra lk.
S. Jodh Singh, M. L. C.,
Khalsa College,
Amrltsar.
152 SOME CONFlDs:nAL PAP"RS OF TH!l .\K\LI W)VEM!lNT

92
Part of a repre.lent.tion by th e Chief Khal .. a D iwan . Amritsar .
.. .. themselves to Reform the Gurdwaras when they were practically
assured that the Government policy of non-Interference in such
matters had allowed them to so assort their opinion as to bring about
the desirable change in the administration of Gurdwaras. Be that
as it may it can not be correct to say that the Sikhs who are now
undergoing their trials and have been convicted in connection with
this movement had any Intent to commit offences under the Penal
Law. They have already assured Government and the assurance may
be repeated here that they were Innocent of any criminal intent and
do not intend to overstep the limits of constitutional reform. Though
it is not intended to discuss Individual cases here. It may be men-
tioned that the Government Prosecutor has declined to produce In
Court five witnesses who were admittedly present on the occasion
and were cited as witnesses in the Police Challan In the case known
as the Chandar-Kot case on the ground that they were not likely to
support the version placed by the prosecution before the Court
which the Sikhs believe to be false.
Similarly In the Manak case an attempt has been made to make
up a case of conspiracy which really did not exist. An entirely
different course was and is being adopted in the case of Nankana
Sahib Massacre and the Inference thought not intended by Govern-
ment Is obvious.
It Is therefore necessary that in order to restore the confidence
of the public His Excellency may be pleased to order release of the
Sikhs now in Jail in connection with this movement. The Govern-
ment has already adopted the course of releasing Political prisoners
on assurances of nonviolent methods for the future. The Sikhs fail
to understand why a different method should be meted out to them
in the Gurdwara cases in which persons concerned acted under noble
impulse.
The Dewan is of opinion that Legislation embodying the follow.
ing principles and reform will go a long way to Set at rest the
perturbed feelings of the community:-
 SO ME CONFIDENTIAL P APERS OF THE AKALI MOVE ME)lT 153

(I )AII Incumbants ... of Gurdwaras should hold office only as long

as they manta In a high standard of. personal character and
should be removable Without recourse to the present
cumbersome proceed"ure in case of misconduct. misfeasance
or malfeasance of duty.
(2) The properties attached or belonging to Gurdwaras should
in no account be treated as personal or private estates.
(3) Accounts of all sorts of Incomes and revenues of Gurdwaras
should be regularly kept ,periodically audited and published,
and otherwise be open to inspection .
(4) Each Gurdwara should be controlled by a Comm ittee of
Sikhs elected by the community.
(5) The Funds of the Gurdwaras should be spent only on the
objects for which the trusts exist.
(6) Worship and religious services should be carried on in
accordance with the teachings of the Guru Granth Sahib.
(7) A Special Tribunal composed of Sikhs be established to
decide .ny disputes that may arise, and an appeal against
the ir decisions in cases of dispute about title to property
may b. made to the High Court.
Another source of Irr;tatlon exists In the cases where Sikhs are
being prosecuted, whether in substance or In form. for wearing
Klrpans. The term Kirpan is translated and defined in all Hindi and
Sanskrit dictionaries and also by writers on the Sikh History and
Religion like Cunningham and Macaullff as sword. No particular
length Is fixed either in the Sikh literature or In the LaN as It now
stands. Yet arrests and prosecutions for possession of Kirpan have
taken place.
It may be mentioned In passing that it Is practically only In two
districts of Lahore and Amrltsar where such prosecutions are going
on, and people who are apparently qUite safe when carrying their
Klrpans In other districts are arrested as soon as they enter these
two districts. This Is a state of affairs which will not, It Is hoped,
be permitted any longer by Government.
154 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPFJ1 S (F H i E AKA!! MOYEM EKT

Th e other questions, which have alse contributed considerable

to bring about the present tension of feelings between the Govern-
ment and the Sikhs Includ the representation of the community in
the Civil Administration, Legislative, Judicial and Executive. It is
tr<Jsted that wh en next occasion for revision of the Rules under the
Governm , nt of India Act arlses,Government will be pleased to cons . It
the Sik~ public bodies and so revise the Rules as to place the
community on a level with other important minorities. As regards
representation of the community In the Civil Administration, a
separate representation has already been addressed [0 the Govern ..
m. nt by the Dewan and by the Sikh Members of the Punjab Legisla-
tive Council.
Harbans Singh of Aur I
Bahadur Singh, Honorary Captain
Jodh Singh. M. A.
Daswandha Singh
Sewa Ram Singh
Amar Singh
Hukam Singh
Mehtab Singh.

93
Office of the Sikh Council Parcy ,
Lahore. D/7th ApI. 1925.
Dear Sardar Ji,
The final discussion of the Draft Gurdwara Bill with the
Government is over today. The application for permission of
the Governor-General to Introduce the Bill In beginning of the
May session must be presented on 13th of April, 1925 at the
latest without fall. The Sub Committee earnestly requests all
the Sikh members to approve the Draft before it Is sent to
the Government of India. I therefore request you to attend
an urgent meeting of the Party at Akal Takht Amritsar on
the 10th of April at 10 A. M. sharp. Please do attend because
 SOME CO)lFIDE)lTlAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMEl"T i55

if there Is no quorum of the general meeting, the Sub Committee

will have no other option left but to proceed with the business
so as to be able to Introduce the Bill in the next session.
Yours sincerely.
Jcdh Singh.
M. A., M. L. C.
P. S. You must have received a telegram also containing
the notice of the meeting.

94
Proceedings of the Party meeting held at Akal Takht
on 10.4.25 at 10. 30 A. M.

Present
I. S. Gurbakhash Singh ... ... in the chair
2. S. Narain Singh
3. S. Partap Singh
4. S. Tara Singh
S. S. Mohlnder Singh
6. S. Jodh Singh.
(I) The bill as drafted by the Sub Committee was placed before
the meeting and the Party approved of the draft.
(2) S. Narain Singh proposed that the S. G. P. C. may be asked
to decide the name of the member who should take charge
of the Bill.
(3) That the bill be formally sent to the S. G. P. C.
Resolved by majority of the Sub Committee that S. Narain
Singh be In charge of the Bill and he is to do all the work
from today onward.
Jodh Singh
Gurbaksh Sinth
Naraln Singh.
The sub committee was never given a notice to meet.
S. Mangal Singh is absent. Moreover this Committee can't decide
156 S O ~[E COl\F IDENTlAL PAP ERS OF TI lE AK .' Ll MOVEMENT

as it Is beyond its jurisdiction to decide as to who should

Introduce It. Thls ...... to draft the Bill and .... to the Council Party
for final conslderotion. It is the function of the Council Party
to decide this question. These three gentlemen who are signing
it are doing It by force and over-riding the powers of the
Council Party. If this is to go on. I will certainly resign the
membership of this Committee.
Tara Singh.

95
Amritsar,
10th April. I92S .
Dear Mr. Craik.
Sardar Tara Singh. M. L. C .. will sign the appl ication and
will be in charge of the bill on our behalf.
Yours sincerely.
Jodh Singh .
Secretary I
Sikh Council. Party.

96

Copy.
27 or 28th June. 1925.
Dear Sardar Sahib.
You will no doubt have seen that protests are being made with
regard to the Inclusion in schedule I of the Sikh Gurdwara bill of
Shahid Ganj of Bhai Taru Singh Gurdwara (No.7 in the ammended
schedule I) on the ground that the place or part of it is really a
mosque. The Deputy Commissioner has been asked to report. In the
meantime I am desired to request you to let me have all deta ils in
your possession with regard to the history and circumstances of this
Gurdwara.
J. G. Beazley.
Sardar Tara Singh, M. L. C.
 SO~IE COX FI DEN TlAL PAT'E RS OF T HE AKA).I M() VE ~l E :-: T 1; 7

97

Moga,
29.6. 1925.
De.r Brother,
I enclose herewith a copy of the letter I have received today
from Mr. Beazlay. You are requested to ma ke full preparation and
collect all the necessary judicial and non-judicial documents and other
materials in support of our contention. All the civil judgments In
our favour must be obtained and supplied to me on 3rd Jul y when I
have to satisfy Mian Sahib in an Info'rmal meeting .
I hope it will be treated as most urgent.
Yours since rel y,
Tara Singh.
M. L. C.
Dear Master ji,
You will please kindly hand the letter over to S. Ar jan Singh so
that he may do the needful. I am leaving for Simla on the 1st July.
Yours sincerely,
Tara Singh,
To Master Daulat Singh.

98
Working of Gurdwara Bi ll
I. Mr. Petman saw H.E. the Governor on Saturday last (July
II , 1925) ~t 3 P.M. H.E. accepted that (I) Th ere should be a single
local Committee for compact areas like one city as Lahore. etc" or
one town or village like Khadur Sahib, Guru-ka-Bagh (Now Ajnala) or
Goindwal Sahib, etc_ Also one committee for an area where severa l
gurdwaras are in close proxi mity like An.ndpur Sahib and Klratpur
Sah ib, etc. on th is principle other gurdwaras also to be brought under
single Committee on the recommendation of the Central Board_
II. H_ E. agreed that If Mahants do'nt furnish lists of
property of gurdwaras In schedule A within 90 days of the passing
of the Act, then the Gurdwaras' na mes should not be cut off from
158 SOME CO NFlfJEN TI AL PAPER.; OF TH E A[(A L I MOV IiliNT

schedule A and that other persons and bodies interested should be

given an opportunity to do so.
III. H. E. was very sympathetic and said that no sooner the
question was settled and the S.G.P.c. showed an incl ination to work
the Bill , then the Govern ment would li ke to inc rease Its prest ige and
strength.
IV. H.E. was favourably incl ined to gurdwa ras 211 over the
world being affiliated under the S.G.P C . nd itS controlling all the
Panthic activities in constitutionJI ways.
V. H.E. gave no promise but rem.rked that after all what was
in a name i f there was an honest effort on both sides to effect a
reconc iliation, and al so said the ir d id not seem to be any apparent
objection to their choosing their own nam e (Thi s refers to the
proposal that the general committee of the first Board may choose
its name).
VI. H.E. said that he knew the Sudhar people and what they
were but as long as the reasonable and reconcilable people did not
detach themselves from irreconcllables who want to turn us OUt
from India and ore not prepared to give-and take terms, we have to
use some people as statesmen and can' t sit with eyes and hands
closed allowing the things to drift and become worse than they are.
(N.B. The above Is simply for your information so that the
committee members may be forewarned of the situation).

99
Wor king,
The Gurdwara Bill,
14-7-1925.
From the Secretary, the Shiromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee,
Am,itsar.
To
Sa,dar Tara Singh , M.L.C. , Moga.
Am,lts." Dated 14th Jully, 1925.
Sir,
We the undersigned six members who have been fully
 SOMF. CO~FlDEN TI A L PAPERS OF THE AI<AL I MOVEME!iT ,,9

authorised by the Executive Comm ittee of the S.G.P.C. to take all

po!S ible steps to secure the uncond itional re lease of Sik h prisoners .
hereby in wr iting give the assurance on behalf of the executive
Committee to Sardars Tara Singh and Jodh Singh that in case the
Governme nt agrees to release Sikh p risoners without tak ing Individual
undertaking. we will secure the passage of a resolution in the s .G.P.C,
to the effect that s.G .P.C. w ill work out the Gurdwara Bill. And In
persuance of that policy the despatch of jathas to Bh.i Pheru will be
discont inued.
Arjan Singh
Bishan Singh
Dharam Singh
Mangal Singh
Hazara Singh (Urdu)
Harbans Singh s istani (Urdu)
Most confidential.
Please note that none of you "the Committee Members"
should ever refer to any conversation between Governor and Petman
in any o f the conferences with officials, else a grea t ha rm will result.
They should keep In mind but not refer at all.

100
The Gurdwara Bill
Working of.
( Fro m Inside the lahore Fort)
Sunday
12.7.25.
No. I Extract from sardar S. B. S. Mehtab Singh's diary.
sardars Jodh Singh, Tara Singh, Mahlndar Singh. Naraln
Singh, Boota Singh, Dhlra Singh, Partap Singh, Gurbax Singh,
Harchand Singh with Sardars Mangal Singh , Arlan Singh, Harbans
Singh, Daulat Singh, Hlra Singh !;lard, Amar Singh of Jhabal
came and had a long conference. The consensus of opinIon was
to stop direct act ion and to work the Bill. To demonstrate
lilO SO ME CO,,!'IDE )': TIAJ , PAPERS OF 1 11 A IC\ L I MOV EME;\T

that, to stop sending lath2S to Bhal Pheru and Jaito, to start

Akhand Path at lalto. oppose signing individual undertaking by
prisoners and to prepare the Government to take S. G. P. C.
assurance that the Bill shall be worked and direct action
stopped.
Tuesday
14.7. 25.
MI', Langley, Commissioner, Lahore Division, paid a visit and
had half an hour's conversation with me mainly about sign ing the
undertaking. I showed him my typed note and he .greed with
me that such a course may humiliate the wellwishers and
supporters of the Bill and injure the law. He said what
guarantee was there that we shall not repudiate If the outside
S. G. P. C. decided to work the Bill. I replied that we have
assured them of our support in writing and shall do so again
if need be. He prom ised to speak to His Excellency. He said
the object was to keep only those In jail who apart from the
Gurdwara Bill wanted to stir up feelings hostile to the Government
and retard a rapprochement and reconciliation. He was pleased
to hear that the S. G. P. C. will work the Bill and stop jathas
to Bhai Pheru and Jaito. He was sympathetic throughout, but
said that his visit was private altogether. He said he shall
Immediately convey my views to H. E. the Governor for favourable
consideration.
Saturday
18.7.25.
Ral Bahadur Jawala Parshad Prosecution Counsel told me
that Mr. langley had celled him on Wednesday last. I. e., 15th
and had a lengthy talk with him regarding the sltuati~n that
had arisen on akali leaders' refusal to sign an undertaking. He
said he had given an opinion entirely In our favour. It was also
stated that D. C. and Superintendent of Pollee Amritsar were
with Mr. Langley. It is rumoured thot D. C. Is not favourable
to the condition being signed and thinks a verbal assurance
qUite enough.
 SO~\E CONFIDENlIAL PAPERS OF THE AI{ALl MOVEMENT 161

Saturday
18.7.25
Mr. Ogil lve, Deputy CommiSSioner, lahore, had an hour',
conversation with me out of which half an hour with Captain
Ram Singh and me both. He cross-examined me regarding our
intentions and prospects of winning the election. He expressed
a fear that non-co-operators, if released, will join the Gargaj
party and injure the ,cause of the Bill and a rapprochement.
I assured him that they shall not join the GargaJ party.
We ,hall have a majority and the non-co-operators will
ect . oppose our working the Bill. He was under the impress-
io n that S. G. P. C. being "unlawful " may stand In the way of
Government's accepting and acting on Its assurance. To which
I replied that the ban may be removed. He smilingly remarked
something abo~t two knots being loosened by one .. . ... He
assured me that the object of Government was not to humiliate
the supportors of the Bill. I replied that It must be so, but
effect of the undertaking would be our humiliation . He asked,
was there a method by which we could go out and yet those
who were hostile to Government apart from Gurdwara reform,
remain in jail 1 I told him that by our going out the gigantiC
conspiracy case against half a dozen non-co-opera~ors for
depriving His Majesty the King Emperor of his fndlan sovereignty
would look ridiculous. ff there was a conviction, It woufd be
unfair to us who would not have been heard and yet the
. verdict against us would be there. He was very friendly and
sympathetic and on feav ing remarked we shall soon be outside
jail. He complained that In spite of the passage of the Bill,
jathas to Bhal Pheru continued. Captain Ram Singh Impressed
on him that by detaining non-co-operators in Jail Government
would make them feaders and fower us in the eyes of the
public.
I have been offered a release on signing an undertaking
to support the Bill or, in other words, to reform the Gurdwaras
In accordance with the Provisions of the new Reform faw known
as the Sikh Gurdwara Act. fn this case about twenty of public
speeches and my correspondence and conversations with the
I6Z SO ME CONFIDENTIAL PAPEI'S OF"T EE .-\ I'A LI MO VEM EI\ T

Government officials are before the court. They show In

unequivocal terms that I have been a staunch advocate throughout
of the passage of a reform law and a rapprochement between
the Government and the Sikhs. The sacrifices made and sufferings
borne by the Sikhs were not in a spirit of levity and bravado
but with the genuine desire of saving the Gurdwaras from
the admittedly defective law and to get a fair and workable
law enacted. This has now been done. The new law Is nOt
an Ideal one but Is as fair a measure as could be expected
under the circumstances. I have watched It step by step and
strongly supported It. By energetically working It and Improving
It from time to time as need arises. it can fully fulfil the
2.spirations of the reformers. So far as I am concerned, .there~
fore. there would neither be occasions nor need for any Sikh
to oppose any law to carry out and complete the reform of
the Gurdwaras. Now arises the question of sign ing the under-
tak ing reqUired by the authorities as a condition of my release.
Suppose I agree to It being a staunch supporter of the law.
I can not stand apart but must lend a helping hand In getting
it accepted and worked by my community. No sooner I open
my mouth and utter. word In its favour than there will
arise a voice from the audience: "Mehtab Singh you have no
doubt made sacrifices and borne sufferings In the cause of the
reform but in supporting the Bill you are carrying out the
condition of your release, let a disinterested person advise us."
What would be the position then! I would be unnecessarily
humiliated and my support will do harm to the Bill. Thus by
Signing the undertaking I do not help the cause of rapprochement
between the Government and the Sikhs but do harm to the
Bill and to my self-respect.
After deep dileberations I have made my choice. At least
for the present I do not sign the undertaking and remain In
jail as long as the Court chooses to keep me there or the
crown considers that my going out will retard the Bill or bringing
about a rapprochement and a reconciliation between the Govern-
 SOME COKFI1)ENTIAL P APE RS OF THE AKALI MOVEME NT 163

ment and the Sikhs. If. however, at any t ime the Sharomanl
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee considers that such a sacrlfic
of human dignity and self-respect Is required fo r the welfare
of the community, I shall submit once more and carry out Its
des ire. I may .. y that this Is a delicate matter and everyone
has to consider his own opinIon ,and circumstances. I have
consulted none of my colleagues and co-accused. This Is my
own individual , personal op inion and binds no one else.
Mehtab Singh ,
19th July, 1925.
. 101

l.IaH faau'oo ,a,

efe <>'0 iiOl l'\.( tll -el il,<' f'<ii IIfoHo a031 ~ for '1'l tloo'el
'81 Hlf?OI B f<lB f!\HTO II: Hor8 fFIUI tll '>13 ~"ii B l1'<m0l R'lll'>1l is,
fgo' faR -el fa?; -e, 1!3 <:11 '>Iltoi '>I'\.( feo \.(oOic 0/131 III fO( foo l el -e
l:!3"8a lIaa'o ?i: fa8 llo'o 0(ij0 ,,1 fc\1f3 iR! ii' i'i ale;,l ael R'tre
B?or ~o fo<:l'fe3 ulll-e' a\ll tl~oil \.(0 ii~ <lis gO( 0'8 fe<:! 1f'~1{ "5fel'
;:, fO( feR aT8 ~1I0 '>1118 0<:11' 0113' fOl'>l', !;mfa fl!"ii'"31C1 fO( lIaf80r f<ltl
"8O(i3a' 3 I\jaliji ,,'<'0' o'e -e' fllH<J:!!" <1183 fet.!o'O or13' f<ll'>l' ~ I filII
~\.(o iii; IIlf3 fe3<:1'tl ~ I fell 8el Hill '>IOt!'R ~ fa lllUia 3' lllUia f10t
tii I\ja~ai ~'>I'a' Ri:l't!1 UOOIC m31 tl,;i1 '>f3 5ai3oT ~l'o' yl ~ if;
iI'~ , 0<:11' "3' fuR -e f'<<Ill iiel ~I{ "5 iI'e ~o faR ~\.(a ell 0<:11' ii;i1<11' I
118fa feR -el fiDl'<'ol :aT83-~<JHl ~8'e '<'8 Rile -e ill fRO "5;i1i!11 I
I'll ill B' B'R,
~"a fffUi 0Jl18B'O,
~"-"-'lll.
102
( From inside Labore Fort)
Objection of S. Bhag Singh Vakeel
My objections to the draft proposed to be sent to the
164 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE Al<ALl MOVI MENT

S. G. P. C. and as shown to me on 24th July. 1925.

(I) I consider the joint note signed and sent by some 25 of
us to the S. G. P. C. stili binding upon me. The decision contained
therein has not been cancelled by signatories and therefore any
suegestlon on their part to the S. G. P. C. are precluded by It.
(2) The (ase would have been otherwise. had the S. G. P. C.
asked us to make any suggestions. But even this demand Is
lacking and this coupled With the fact that we do as Indefinitely
of the wishes of hundreds of our brothers Imprisoned In the
same cause with us and In the absence of definite knowledge
what would be their attitude or lot If we go out by making
the proposed declaration. I regret the action as' unbecoming.
ungenerous and quite uncalled for.
(3) The S. G. P. C. cannot be supposed to be sitting Idle
and forgetful of Its responsibilities. The sending of the proposed
draft would not only hurt their feelings but on the other hand
seriously embarrass them to give any independent. unprejudiced
and free guidance to the Panth.
(4) As the Draft is to be approved of by the Governor
and to be acted upon if met with his approval and he agreed
to release us on its ba:5.is, I fail to see how this ceases to be
a condition of our release.
(5) I think that we are trying to throw dust Into the
eyes of our people when we put In the declaration-when the
fact Is quite evident as evidenced by the purport. occasion and
need of the set declaration-that It Is solely for the benefit of
our community that we declare that the Bill should be worked.
This declaration has entire an'd sole connection with our release.
If It Is meant only to advise the Panth to work the Bill. we
have given our opinion already to the S. G. p. C . and through
It to the community. The court Is not the happy place where
confronted with the terms of our release to be reminded of
our duty to offer this benevolent advise to those outside. I
consider such action as unworthy of the representatives of our
great community.
 EOME CO!<FIIENTI AL PAPERS OF THE AKA1-I MOVEME " T 165

(6) I understand that pressure is being brought upon the

Governor to release us unconditionally. let us walt for the
result and refrain from weakening Its effect by any other via
media proposals on the part of those immediately concerned.

(7). If It is pleaded that we should not waste any time,

my reply Is that this is the time when patience and tact are
urgently needed and haste would only spoil matters by denoting
our nervousness to the shrewd Government.

(8) It is a no hidden secret that the Government is

resolved to detain those persons In jail who happen not to be
In a position to support the Bill. There Is a large number
amongst us who want to work the Bill and yet are not prepared
to leave behind those who have worked and suffered with us by
furnishing the Government with any means to distinguish between
the supporters and non-supporters of the Bili, and thus unconsc i-
ously becoming a cause of their trouble. By the proposed
declaratio" we supply the means to the Government and this is
injurious to us on Panthic and sentimental grounds.

(9) I am convinced if the S. G. P. C. declares in favour of

the working of the Bill, begins preparing the ground In right
earnest for it, gives up morchas altogether and tries by press,
platform and other legitimate and dignified means to bring pressure
upon the government to release us unconditionallr, the Government
cannot hold out in Its unreasonable course for a very long
time.

(10) We have urged all those arguments and asked the

signatories of the proposed declaration to wait for ' 2 or 3
months more , to allow the forces briefly outlined in Para 7 to
bear upon the Government and which we are convinced shall
have the desired effect.

Bhag Singh,
loti SO:"l E CO :S l- IIJE:\ T LAL PAPE RS OF THE A r\ AL ) NOVE}'1F.);T

103

Bill.
25. 7. 1925.
(From inside Lahore Fort)
Letter of S. Gurcharan Singh and others to S. Mangal Singh.
Sardar Mangal Singh President.
S. G. P. C.
Sir,
A statement signed by 19 persons has been sent to you as
a suggestion to the S. G. P. C. for approval. The other 17
persons have refused to s ign it deliberately. and have after
much thought come to the conclusion that they will remain in
jail In spite of some of them personally hold ing view that the
Sikh Gurdwara Act should be worked by Sikh commun ity despite
ies defects. Why the other 17 persons have decided not to
sign the document intended to be read out in court after the
approval of the S. G. P. C. and the Governor will be clear
from the facts set forth be low :

(I ) To make such a statement in co urt when confronted

with terms of release on the basis of previous understand ing
with the Gove rnor and followed immediately by withdrawal of
the case against those only who support such a statement expre
ssly or impliedly cannot but amount very clearly and precisely
to a conditional release.

(2) Even to make such a suggestion to the S. G. P. C. now

when the whole Panth has committed Itself through definite
resolut ions to the policy of condemnation of conditional release
cannot be taken to mean anything else but ,0
embarrass the whole
community and make Its position entirely awkward at this
critical juncture.

(3) There would be nothing to guarantee the unconditional

release 'of Akalls detained in other Punjab jails when about
 SO ~lli CON fI J)E~T IAL PAPERS OF THE i\ IC\Lt M. O V).l ~X T 167

half of Us go out on a conditional release of this nature. Thus

there Will be a great chance of Gove rnment's attitude being
very strict on account of apprising of our weakness . Such a
conduct on the part of 19 persons will demoralize Akalis in
other jails.
(4) It is very likely that the Governor will have himself
arrived at the decision of un ~conditional release of all under the
pressure of Sikh public opinion but for the attitude taken up
by our friends. So much haste and want of patience will spoil
our cause,
(5) S. Teja Singh Samundri gave a suggestion to the repre-
sentatives of those 19 persons to the effect that they should
wait for two or three months meanwhile the S. G. P. C. shaul"
issue immediately a declaration that the S. G. Act will be worked
by the Sikh community in right earnest. Then as soon as the
Central Board is constituted , the ban of unlawful bodies shall be
removed from the S. G. p, C . and S. A. Dal. Then Government's
position In keeping the Akali prisoners In jail shall ipso facto
become untenable. Even If government does not release us then ,
the steps they are taking now can without any disadvantage be taken
by them at that time . But they do not appear to have taken this
suggestion to heart and have regarded it in the light of a condition
from the opposite party to be replied with other unnecessary
stipulations enamating from them, though it was merely a good
suggestion to save them from the awkward position, they were
putting themselves In, for the benefit of the whole Sikh community.
(6) Consequently the step taken by these 19 persons is very
dangerous to the welfare of our community. It will create a split in
our camp. Government's hand will be strengthened to crush us.
Now is the time for the S.G,P.C. and S.A.D. to save the situation by
caking a deliberate and firm attitude.

Gurcharan Singh and oth ers.

257-25.
If8 SOME CONFIDEN TIAL PAPERS OF TH E AKA LI MOVEMENT

103 A
257-1925.
(From inside Lahore Fort)
q t fTt?).I1li ofi5' Il: 3il' fll'ur ill mi;;!al e ;;!RJ:f3i ;jot
).13 ;'j 9... qAc:l ?;= "Ill-~-~lj ii;.. ~~ (fJ~ I
We (19 signatories) unanimously of opinion that the following
resolution may be publised at once, without even having talk with
government :-
(I) Resolved thot In spite of certain shortcomings In the
S.G. Act I92S we appeal to the Panth to work it whole heartedly
irrespective of the release of prisoners.
(2) We (19) are unan imouslt of opin ion that the following
resolution may be published only if government agrees to it before
as a solution for bringing about unconditional release of all gurdwara
prisoners: -
Resolved that in spite of certain shortcomings In the S.G. Act
1925 we appeal to the Panth to work It whole heartedly. We also,
wish to make it perfectly clear that we are not prepared .to give any
undertaking as a condition of our release.
(We are now in majority of 20,'12)

(3) In event of your being unable to reach at .ny solution In

spite of this our position is clearly that described in our signed note
handed to you today. And you will kindly permit S. Jodh Singh to
proceed with the matter.
Resolved that In spite of certain shortcomings In the Sikh
Gurdwara Act 1925 the Panth shOUld be appealed to work It out
honestly. But we wish to make it perfectly clear that we are not
prepared to give any undertaking as a condition of our release.
It should be pub lished .
The word "But" suggests that we ourselves have a doubt that
the above lines con be taken as an undertaking. This word should
be deleted or in Its place "at the same time" or "also" may be
added.
 so ;IE CONFIDE1'I TI \ L PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 16~

Four of us 17 do not find themselves in a position to give any

definite opinion till they are In Jail. The other 13 are unanimously
in favour of your resolution.
We pass this resolution In order to strengthen the hands of
the S.G.P.C. in the Sikh pUblic for the working of the Bill. So we
are against showing it to the government befor Its publication for In
that case It will become a condition of our release.
One of us 13 has no objection If you show it to the
government before its publication.

104
(WJ<I f0l5 ~ f~')
4-t-'It=<4
/l
,\:1

l;!r!0lI' 4 l>Ii!JF!3-l;!Br.ifOl HO-iffl ~OI i!fR1<J OIHc'I ~ A:II~ 11

Ii'~)'( <;l'>f' ~ [01 >aar.'i ~fe~ OIKel ii '>!HB'l'I l;!-oCIT lilor).( '>fij[f13 K' 3",\:1
~ ii<J;J' ii ae orai; >ii, fijg ii ",aor er<Ji5 II ).(iger
. - iiEl er~l Oill'
orl OIEl >iia ~o l;!'>f')'(w3 a ' ~f!C!1 'Hl '>ICIIR3 il '>!HWI'! >aCII;jork<:
ailel if' all>1' il~CII' I f)'(<lail'?il aail l;!i'RB fsg'<I lIml '>f0ll.., ""-,
for fao fao ~l!<I'3 >iia <I'W3 ii ~<I ~f!C!' t! <1:;:3 II 818 l;!g::J1 011'>1 1
f"p.rr ~ I
(1) ~alol ~ fer Hi! <IHral ;il Iii:;:al '>!lJ1B '>1'4 ii llqil i!orHJ >lia
3H').( ffl\j >iia :illa fR-~ 4ilfBa l;!3 18i1' arc a<ll ~ fa aa'Hcl aifel f!IB ii
~OI a'Oi5 ii ~;jW 01' Fl!8lO OIij', >ii<J STEl ~ ii ;fit iie orij :3 fua n.~'
l:fT;] 1il:fT;] eo al il" 0<11 ~ >lia 1'fCI00'o >iio IJilfger ii <lli'al 01'>13 40 HOI
a0<5 >iia <:1),( ii ~~5 OIl H5{1 e1'>11 H' aJ' ~ I
(2) elali! ft;f<J .1 ~qa fl-!B1 fa '>flll IjTf<Jillo OIl fuele. ~ fer
'>I'IJI'! if' lJ8'ij aoll t.I'<JO' 3a IJa t! IJ'a?lr wE1 il'~ I ~er fi18 II
e8ri: ii "er Ii' '>fa ~l'fCIl ~I'! II fllwg >lia fllB':;: ll.acl ii Raera HaiB
rAul aliP "ii' I f).Jall'e1 erail ~ao ,:l:f3' IJ3' >1' f" '>I.f\:l>!' ft;f<J 0101 ~
170 SOME CON FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEME~T

,;)0 '>f'\I <!II >'!orlH fOl'>f' :'1,;)0 ~II OIl ?;;J<JT3 r,,'>f' :'I' falUor ;]H f~1I
B'1l ii r?)<J'f~3 <Jl l:f30?)'01 ,;)0 8!!1t! !B t!'OIlHBl ?T ft!'>f'03~01I1HS3
:J' I 30l018?) 118 or' f,"ul f.ti'>f'Il:J I 1lOt!'" 3H' fFfUI Hl II>fBol <di il'
01' ;)1 f,"<11 a'E :'I I f!!11 alE 0101 0101 ,;)0 ':fiR8 f!!3'IlT<J iao '>foll'll
60H'?' 3'fOl <1H ;)1 '>flRil ?)'OII! '>f0l1l ii ':!3 ' 80l -ijot"il >ifa li;!"or l ao
\10 IY,'V ii IY,v?)l a'E '>faH "ij' >i/a 3H'H :tf30'3 R H31l ' <J % ~~' I
(3) lIaB'o 3'0' flllll 1'1 HOII &'Flffi! '>fOla '>iif!3RO 3'1:Ial" alJ3
:'I' ,"' ,>!I?i "'8 :'I' 3' (lo ii 3 1011t!?) <aH orii' for H8,,1 <1H ii '>fl 010
fi.!8 H'?" H~al OflH ~ ,
(4) f!!31l';) fHEl :J fOl {r" RlfJijli') orl ft;J;) f."'>f'1l :'I fOl il~
ii' f!!>'! '>fHa ii Illg ,;ltili!BO SHal"" BOl;)a ~o' orl tI'E' fOl 8'orl
'10-'1'1 '>f0l1!!1~ ii .1 fo<:ll Ola?)' ;)'<:I1E I f(,!11 or' ,"orlo 0/00 ' '3 ljROlIl
~ I Boro raio f~1I ii' ~s 1It!'0f3 ~ a sa'E fHuoS'?)1 <)Hlol 30" R
fl;jJ 1i3~0l1 '>fat! ~ fli 1>fI\l fi:FT ii t;lH'?'a f!!!liF8 ~ V'II f'H"'.:l~ I
fOl ,;jill orao' R':;: sal;) ,;)" ~ ;JOI', >ifa R):f3 8t!0'Hl >i/o 3sl<:Il
0/ ' Slf!!1I .j0l', ,;)0 <1afOlt.l uafOlt.l >ilRl 0<11' orao l il';]IE I l'lOoi'o or.l

.1 f!!R B8' ii Sa.,'R3 0<:11' "ijOllr ~1l'<J R:;:I!!l Rfl;jJ "Iff .1 t.lj!a 3fu
;] H~1JII I feR ?0f3 ~3 ii' 0<31,,011 Q", ,,001 iiH ii RIC! R:tf3 ~Hol
0f00T <JOII I fell R fil'>f1'" <JH forlY,l f8il' I
(;) tI?Ta C!~ il5B '>fORT5 :<:OW?' I

105

?arnar "Hel .:l t1 UOH t.I\!al 'l!OH3

Hlfc"ar ;l3 118-Oliiel ~fOl"ai orHi!

/1
,,I R[30[0 l{>,!lf" I

<1';;101 R: >fam fAUI, II: HUfCI' [FfUl, R: 0]\1' 5 fFfUl, R: <1t.1'ijT fIl"us,
R: H5 f<iUl, R: 1[:1'V rAUl, R: !OilO fll'Uj I
\lo?'O iire'>f l fa ;la '1'1 !.lOll!!! tlll' 1l! aiarllO '>f~ ll'o ",rij;;-
 Sotm CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 171

em, 521 u~~ I ~: ;'jq Mus, H: 3'0' fl'l"u!, l'I: o~(!' fl'l"us, l'I: <I1<1811A Mus,
til ",1 R?r foie- a031 01131 ;:l'~ for '10 3'ill~ 3a ~fHfol'lcijc<l ~ fHB
~ Rat3; e frarH frft! t!' uo!q aa?'(!' ",1 trel? aan I~: HUla fRUI,
l'I: Utl'il' f;:fus, l'I: l;jl? fAUI, l'I: iJailfl ffl'UI l'Ilif3"nl. ~: o'era f~"u! 1J:iml
.flO'<J 4 Ri!(!' ii'Hl? -H fRIl 11'80; n'l? til ~ \Ian uailq aan I
?afa"iII orH21 t!l fe;f303 1 fH31 '10-\:-'14
iJ lilCll fl: H"iII8 Mus, l'I: ciill'l? f~'u!, II: -e,,3 fR 'lI,
l'I: ;;TijlfsiUl tll ~ii' 50 f~ "a'Ge ij,jfalfli'i erHcl t!1 f?iJla ai80 1
*
iiF.l (ife1>l' I ",lauI f"il'a {!ufr3 UO'<'O <'ife'>!' for il titll!j ~oo!'o ~t!11)jf ",1
fag ffil3 fail lEll>13 n'l? BCl1~' 1i'>I'Hfgfi t!' 3!l81-111lB ;lg Clan gel
f<ru31 gijfll -H B~ 3; ~<!'1 aHcl fe~ ili'ifg~fli'i ~ UI~ aa B~OTl I !3
g'el ~ "" Haill lI'" ao BiiOTl I
( S. Maghar Singh voted against it )

106
Confidential 2Q..8-25
W .C.'s resolution dated 20-8.25.
After full consideration of the draft resolution presented by
S. Tara Singh, the W. C. resolves and gives this assurance hereby
that it will secure passage ofthe said draft resolution In the General
meeting of the S.G.P.C. and will stop iathas to Bhal Pheru provided
the Pan lab Government gives a written assurance to the effett that
on the passage of this resolution it will release forthwith unconditio-
nally all Gurdwara prisoners and also redress other allied Gurdwara
grievances.
The draft resolution runs thus : -
Our leaders In the Fort have advised us to accept the Gurdwara
Act. Belelving this advice to be in the best Interests of the Sikhs,
the S. G. P. C. declares Its acceptance of the Act and calls upon all
those who acknowledge Its authority to co-operate In working It. It
hopes that it will not long be deprived of the assistance of its
members and followers who are In Jail and expects with their help
17l SOME CON FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVE ME NT

to amend the defe<:ts In the act by ordinary methods. With the

acceptance of the Act the need for direct action disappears. Direct
action was - forced upon the S. G. P. C. by the failure of the law to
provide a remedy for the religious grievances of the community.
Ja thabandi Is the visible sign of the unity ofthe Panth,but the
organisation of the Akali Dal instead of being used as the instrument
of direct action will exist to preserve the corporate spirit of the
Sikhs and will earn in the fields of religious and social work even
greater renown than it has won In the morchas of the last five years.
Regarding the question of the deposition or abdication of the
Maharaja of Nabha, a question which It ~onslders to be apart from
the main Gurdwara reform movement, the S. G. P. C. has nothing
to add or subtract from what it has already de clared.
By mutual agreement S. Tara Singh and Mr. Puckle have made
the folloWing changes and alterations in the above draft
resolutions :-
(I) In line'S' the words are used "the act will be amended."
(2) In line '14' the word lathabandl substituted for"Akali Da!".
(3) In line '21' the words "a question which ... :G. R.
movement" are omitted.
107
(H<J'QlIl' Wf;Jll JlHc1 mic1 ~ O'g' >R'B iill"c l.J.El'fe
/\lS' t!'
~81g' ;'i <!!~'>I'al fal? lJ'R 5c t! Rif' t!' f8f>ll' 1{313 ~t!' ~ I)

~ l?le ~R
ic-a~l
a'
t i'i '>i8 Ha' R"'8 ~ t!11' ~. W -
t!. C(~ fa C(S! '>faR
filaa aai'i' ~;;' t!1"" ~, ~R ",:;rn ft;J<1 ~Ol', fC( '!5 flHt
U' ~ >iia 3';;' i< R1U1il <:11 IfQCI'all:!!> ~ lJ1R ~a'ai, lJCl;;' aa eo<:lH' GI'
lifa <:11' "5 t/' aa Will ~Ha oila st! 0>1 aa "'0 '>fi;C( lJ(.JC('a ~ aRc
.!C1O lJa ..'a RfJ3 H'a i>'a'ai, >ila or~ ~ >I' t/~'ar I lilU1 !i'3' R: a'il'
fiful, H0l8 flfUl, '>IaTli'i rAUl, -el?3 ff!UI, \1'01'0 ..ma' ~ afu t!1 01"1:1' 81',
ilil 1;If;] "501 I'lJ c:iai' ~ 3ii \Ie ~ijt ael tl'O ""e iJ I fa"" Ia if' 1;Ir<:l
RH!> ~ fCi CiHcl al R<J'fe3' 01' I:!~ ~a':<:l? fHl?" faT"" I IJ1 JOl'5 3<13
l.J.30,W Cia~ O1HcT ?i IiiI' ~ fil91W I
 I Ii ,L~!l L!l'~ ll:l!l!! !la.2~~ I!!J l2n l~ I ,(l (!.(! l!l2i'!
a~ et I ~,? 2!! ,,~ 2J'Z .~ !~2 I C l!l12 ll:!!! .t< aJII .!li't 2~
I gl!! .!l f!I2J2l! .1:It'< I!!J ,C '(!j.I!! ll:! In!!J llIf.l!JH :1:1 11J Il!I!! g LI! 121l!
ll! ~Ht! I:I I C 1~.!'< II! ?B gli .l!l 2~!,II!!J 'I!!' ell:! Ig HII!! LllaJ !!
,2 In!!Je!l g ,g~ I!!J I!! !(!~ I ~ 211EJ !! ~ ,ljl:l I:I ~ '.g & .~ .~
22)11111l lI~.I!!IlJk( HHIH .II!!J 211 I II! ?B (2.n ,g2.HI:I) p'OJq. I!!J ,~
~ aJI!?' 11J La!! al I (l l!!!ld.!lJ 21'< L21l !! ?l!Jn .sa ~n I C .!:lll.
~ I!!E !:lIt! ~ 131 !:! I te . ~ !?I!! 1l:ll!~ ,J:l gL~H l2 ll.,1l Hl! ~ L12!:l 2~ L~
1ll.df!J 2121 I C .Eg .II!!J ,lj gl~H ~ .!lL!H B~ !?t'< I 11".12 ll! 2n !~l'l
HE ,L(!!l I!!J .lI2j .~I!! ~j I lal2 LI!! UiUllH !! l?{! ga ll!! E!L2l:! l:IaJ
lel! .l?1l I ~M 21!! la!! ~e lal!! al'l.IB g lal2 g ~ f.l!tlJ lEl2aj lae
et ll!2 l 12a lJ .l?121!?1'< ',II:! .gll. llg2ll .\.~ ,!;ll!!j La ll!! 2122n I~LaJ
(!l!l g ,!;l ,l!t! I:I~ '~ ~II ,~~ L2aBll ll:! In!!J .I:!g :M l3I! l LI!!? ~I!! IB
.'hI ll!! atl I te,?II:! ~j Le cl; '(l 2.I!!IlJI ?l!J n !:! !! ll l C
.""2 J!I!!J.l! I:I~ C .l!!?.1:! .Ill< l:ll3j !:! !?I!! e~ LEi! en ~ ~
I .Ill!! 2J'Z a.~ H.I! ll.l!l !!
lE!ii el!< .Ill2 g H!! l!l'l ,le 12 2!! "Ell !! t!~ all .ILi'! EolnlI':!B2,j g ,g!!
gl! a.1:I l!l! I g.e J!lO'J ,!;l Ig tEIM! 2~a ai I ~12 ? EI!! &~ !! !Cl'l
LI:! .a.a .eM ci, ~ EIE!Uhl! gl!J gl! I C .l?l!11:! 211 .ell l!~ .JE .l:!LE!l !:!
ai IL12!'l2 .!l!! all! leI!! ~ !:ll.l!t! g1H en ll2~.ll.gn I:Inl2 2Jn !pl<l
!2 n.l d!l l12?HJ l?H H!! ll?ll:l .~ I!!J .l!12 I!! ,~l'l 212 2.1!!l:ll:l 2!,< !?I!!
.2~ all! al!JU:! t.2Jll I2Jl:ll3 l!lf! & ~ nil 211 lll!~!lJ & I!! ~ !!
nJ! l!?J.I2J ~l!:l~ .!l all! ,tt lIaJ IlJ!4 I!!J .l!!! .!?gJia !! !l~ .~ ell ln~J
.E1E 22Ii1H .2!,< m~j !lBlO'J2Jl! .l!1l! 'l.ea[iM ll:! In.t!j Il:!g :/:1 !l!l!l BI!
I g.e .II!!J I!!J ~ .EalJ 131 I lEl2 & l.e 11!! ,1'~12 ~
J!aJ1ll.~ ~ Je lilt< 2t'< il!!21l tl21:! lll~ .~ .!l .I!! ,ll!!! ~H g l2!!1!!
I.~ ~In .2!,< l'3!!!.' g l? l!l ,t< a!l! L2tfl!! !:l121:1 .l?tf !?121 I II!!?
II!! 211~ & .~e 112 l?llaJ ,!;l ,!l !! .IlE!!!J l!! L2t!1!! I!!J C .12l:l gg IilitH
~H Si I e,h!:la 5! 211 I:!J et l.!! .2iUll l~.!'< le 1!!'2!~ l:IaJ
.,I ~LEl2 2 ':iJ'S ~La EtiJ elEell la !tJ l!J.s"
tLI J.N;n~'-l" ON n~}!v :lHJ. ,10 SH::ldVd "lVUI>::lG!<lNOJ !lW05
174 SOME CONFJD::NTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT

R3 t!1~ fRu( 1.10 O1Hel ' '>I't!lll RH~ a gaF!' 011'>1' fOl'>l'.
f~'f01 ~ liIiJi <1',,' >11 >i'ia RJiBOl >11 ~ RTEf '>I,fe'>l' ~, I
'>I'U uH RQlfiJ3 ii fQl uH ii 0'tl-f3'>f'ijJ tJ3a 1.10 t!tI'~ H' l)fI 0
t!R3<8 oul O1aii ii I tr~ ~ ul ii W3' I <lH ii t!R3J:13 ~Rl '30<1
t!tI,g >i'ia H~al ,,1 "fl' H' O1a ftlFf '3O i ~ '>I'U 010 ail ~'f <lH ii
Wtl'o ii 010 uH'O' R'<'S ~~Ii' U~, ~ I
~ Ff'<"B li!ij ~ f '>I'U >!iF!' fOl~' 010 05 ~' I '>I'lJ ii f010 O1'a~'
R fe30' 01,1' ~3ao' \j~' ~ I HiI' fNO 1;1'3' fj Rihl ~ H' ~Ff ii i1l'/)<!'
tI'U3'
B RTS
-R
;J '>1'U ~R 01'
- lIWF!' fBtl 010 gtl~ OIl fOlou' 01~ I
-
'>IfllOl'al' ii >''n0! 010 at!l ~ I 1l'3~ lIOijS ~ I
)fIBl R<:Jlfe31
~R ii '>1<1 30/
\116:' oul' ~, I ~R ~ '>I't!Hl ijijTEfO lJl6:' O1ij 0;J~' I ~6: 3>iftlij nul
"'" HCI' 1JI~ >i'ia ~ftr3 RHS' fClR1 llR30 liI' f~ R '>1uor O1'H 3H'1l
Clij' I <I';,s' err 1130= ~ <I'~ RfOl'>l' u'C> <1'>1'
=
I

iie-fe<l ~lJa1'll fiol ~R >laTl 3' '>I'e1 ~ I oCiB '>1'\1 ~ 3t11 ~ I

fefl t!' \t"3<I '>1'\1 t!1 RB'il l;!tl<l ~<!' ~ I '>I'lJR f~ f'<trTO O1Oii feCi B
RtR: ~ fHBc: m!1 '>I' tI'G' >11 I fuel 'H':'''' t!' ~0'<lC il HlReo >11 t
I'Wfe'>l' ~. '>1'\1 ~ f,,;pa alao ,,B ytll tI;"l ~ I feu fi" lifFltl :6'0
f;;!Ff<iRo II I "'Cll il '>flUFf f<:tr f'<tr'a HaTa' <1HB' ii~' Cl13T 5 <11 il'<!'
~ I>fT\I I>fTUFf f~ >ifii:l 30' f~'a 010 8cl 3 io t!allo ~~ til I (B R>lC
'>I'C ,,1 iltrB 00 til) I

108
Camp "'ookwood.
Simla.
August. 1925.
My dear Col. St. John.
The passing of the Gurdwara Bill Into law;under the able and
statesmen like gUidance of Sir Malcolm Hailey. to the general
. satisfaction of the Shromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
Inspires a hope that the Akali agitation in the Panjab may quiet down.
so far. at all events. as the plea of gurdwara reform Is concerned.
 SOME CONFIDE~TIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 175

Whether the measure will also smooth the general Sikh situation is
a matter in the lap of the gods. One chapter of the Akali history
may, however, be taken as closed. It will, therefore, not be out of
place to bring to the notice of the Government of India, the part
played by Patlala's Ruler and His Highness' Government during the
past ten years or more in successfully combating the Akall menace
and co-operating whole-heartedly at great sacrifice with the Punjab
Government In dealing with the general Sikh situation which has
caused serious anxiety and has at times disturbed the peace .and order
in the country.
With this object, I am desired to enclose herewith a note
containing a brief account of tr,e most important among the nu merous
services rendered by Patiala (rom time to time, and to request the
favour of their being brought to the notice of the Government of
India for such recognition as they desire.
Yours Sincerely,
(Daya Kishan Kaul),

109
Services rendered by Patiala in combating the dangerous Sikh
agitation and the Akali movement in the Punjab in recent years.

Forces behind the Sikh Ghadar Movement, 1914.

In the Punjab Sikh Ghadar Movement of 1914, which Sir

Michael 0 'Dwyer mentions in his book 'India as I knew it,' the
activities of the Sikh anarchists secret prompting and support from
Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha. Even In his father Maharaja
Hlra Singh's life time he had, as Tikka Sahib, shown a distinct
tendency for political notoriety and for anti-British propaganda. His
deep associations with political extremists had moulded his character
and aspirations to such an extent that he even disregarded and
disobeyed the advice of his own father. who was a staunch friend and
176 SOM !': CO)/ F lDENTl AL PAPERS OF THE A[{ALI MOVEME >fT

.IIy of the British. After the demise of his father, he had free
hand. He had developed. strong dislike for the British Government
.nd was ready at all times to secret help anti-British movements.
His sole ambition was to become the recognised head and leader of
the Sikh nation and eventually another Maharaja Ranjlt Singh of the
Punjab. This aspiration obviously guided his activities In social,
educational and political lines and the extensive propaganda which he
carried on at considerable cost. Sir Michael O ' Dwyer was able to
combat and check the Ghador movement. by adopting measures In
which Patiala helped considerably by arresting some of the dangerous
America-returned emigrants and restricting the movement of,
interning, such of them as were residing In the Patiala State. In
doing so, Sir Mi chael O'Dwyer found out that the Maharaja of Nabha
was In association with the undesirables and consequently wanted
to save him from evil consequences. But every time that exception
was taken to his conduct, the Maharaja of Nabha ascribed it to the
differences that existed between him and the Ruler of Patlala.

The growth of extremists propaganda among the Sikhs.

In 1917, the anti-Chief Khalsa Diwan press, which had been
brought into existence by Maharaja Rlpudaman :Singh of N.bha, was
busy in vilifying Sardar Sunder Singh MaJithla .nd his activities,
which were directed to purely socl.1 and educational matters.
During that period the 'Slkh Review', of Deihl, the 'Khalsa Akhbar'
and the 'Panth Sewak', three extremist Sikh papers .nd chief
constituents of the anti-Chief Khalsa Diwan Press were, to every-
body's knowledge. financed by Nabha. These dangerous political
activities of Maharaja Rlpudaman Singh were rapidly creating a most
difficult situation for the Punjab Government; and In pursuance of
the old traditions of devoted and whole-hearted co-operation with
the Impeiia.l Government and in order to ease the situation In the
Punjab at that Juncture, Patiala agreed, at the instance of Sir
MichaeIO'Dwer, to compromise, at great sacrifICe, with the Maharaja
of Nabha so as to remove the latter's excuse for associating with
objectionable extremist bodies under the guise of safe-guarding his
 SOME CONFIDEXTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKAI.l MOVEMENT 177

Interests. Notes of this particular Incident will probably be found

in the old Agency office records. In spite of this, the secret
propaganda of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh, for gaining favour and
popularity with every anti-Government Sikh organisation continued
till it succeeded in bringing down the Chief Khalsa Diwan in the
pUblic estimation so low that Its members began to be sneered at
as the huntsmen of the British Govern ment.
It was about this time that S.5. Cavesseiur s~ lf[ed from Delhi
to Lahore and started with the financial and moral support of Nabha,
the weekly "New Herald" in order to foment the Rowlett Bill
agitation which WlS so~n followad by the serious riots of April 1919,
the Martial Law regime and the Amritsar session of the National
Congress, in which Cavesselur succeeded in bringing into existence
the so-called Sikh League. It was on this occaSion that the newly
organised band of Sikh extrem ists like Cavesseiur and his assoclace
Harchand Singh of Layallpur brought about an alliance With the
leaders of the Indian National Congress.
The assistance rendered by Patiala in the form of protecting
communications and guarding the Railway lines during the Panjab
disturbances, in co-operating with the Punjab C.I.D_ in locating S. S_
Cavesseiur who was then hiding in Nabha territory and the estate of
Bhal Arjan Singh of Bagarlan to evade his arrest, and In actually
arresting Master Mota Singh In Patlala territory and making him over
to the Punjab Police, In complete disregard of the extradition rules,
etc., are facts well known to the Government of India. In ad<ltbn
to all this the Political Agent was kept constantly and fully informed
of all anti-Government movements which were then on foot in the
Punjab.
The Khalsa College trouble.
It was about October 1920 that serious trouble arose In the
Khalsa College Amrltsar u"der the influence of the Sikh extremists
and as a result of the Nabha propaganda. The Professors struck
work and serious agitation prevailed. The College and local
authorities were unable to remedy the mischief. His Highness the
178 SO ME CONFIDENTIAL PArERS O F THE AKALI hlOVE ME~T

Maharaja of 'Patiala's intervention was sought by leading men on

both sides and, with the approval of the Panjab Government, His
Highness undertook co mediate in the matter. He went down to
Lahore and, by his personal influence and at great Inconvenience and
trouble to himself, he was able to bring about a satisfactory settle-
ment which restored peace and order In the College ,

The S.G.P.C,
The inception of a central Gurdwara Co'm mittee was at this
time exercising the minds of the extremist Sikhs who were in
revolt against any Government. Interference in Sikh institutions,
particularly the Khalsa College and the Golden Temple Amritsar.
While dealing with th, questlo~ 'of the Khalsa College, His Highness
was approached by some I~ading Sikhs and asked to Use his good
offices in bringing about, at the same time, a satisfactory settlement
of the question' Cif ' i:o~trol of the Golden Temple which had be~n
somewhat _complicated by the agltatlon- created by the more
\-oclfer'O';! mem'bers of the extremist secti~~ of the Sikh community.
.
Ag~ln, with the appr~val of the PanJab Governmerit - -
consultation with -Sir Edward Maclagan , the then Governor of the
; ;;d In

'Province, !'tis Highness exerted himself In " this behalf and with
ireat ' dlfficulty brought about an arrangeinent whereby a committee
, "
tons lstlng of 50 % elected ",!en:ber.'f -~~,~ 50 % members nominated qy
ihe Sikh states was to con~ror:~he affairs of the Golden Temple. The
o' I .... , "H 1-' ,J ~ .

election was to b~ o.~ t;~Tt~gr'~! basis so as not to give predominan.ce

to men of any particular sh~de , ~f thought or locality. This cO(l1mitt~e
. '. -
\ ,~ , :'
, ~ \ ~ ~'- . "
was duly anaugurated and His Highness returned to Pattala, (eellng
that the trouble had been averted for the time being. Soon after,
however, the extremist section of the Sikhs, under direct
R_r.?mptlng from Nabha and under ~he u I~adershlp pf S. S. .Charan
'S\ngh Shaheed, who was _~~~p ,, ~_ pjljd Durbarl .. of Nabha State,
fl~oded the committee wit.h, .an addition of 75 members of the,;r
own' choice, ~jth the result that the ~o.rflinated members were
o~,tv~ted and were gradually elbowed , OU\e Jlis Highness .. \,(ilJi
p~epared to intervene again to set matters right but he was not
 SO~tE CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMEN T 17~

asked to do so and he did not wish to proffer his assistance unasked.

The Nankana tragedy.
As an Immediate result of the formation of this new committee
came the aggreS!ion on the Gurcwaras (u lminating In the tragedy at
Nank.na. It Is worthy of note that before this tragedy occured.
His Highness had furnished the Punjab Government with his views,
in the form of a note, on the question of the control of Gurdwaras
and had also explained to His Excellency the Governor of the Panjab
his solution of the trouble which had been brewing over Nankana
Gurdwara.
The Golden Temple Keys affair.
Later on when the difficulty connected with the possession
of the Golden Temple Keys was perplexing the Punjab Govern
ment. and the Gurdwara Committee. by now a formidable body
under the name of S. G. P. c., was creating all kind of complic.tions.
attempts were made to find a way out of the difficulty. Patlala
offered help and cooperatlon with the Pu nJab Government in this
connection. The Prime Minister. Patlala, and the Agent to the
GovernorGeneral had conferences with His Excellency the Governor
and other responsible officers of the Punjab Government. The
Punjab Government, however, in dlsregrad of this offer of help.
decided to hand over the keys of the Darbar Sahib to the S. G. P. C.
through the civil court in which the suit for possession was
pending and Patiala was asked to exercise the influence and improve
the situation only in regard to the general Guestion of the reform
of Gurdwaras but not to associate in any manner With the Gue'tion
of the Golden Temple keys.
Attempts to r~form tbe Gurdwara Movement.
With the Akal Takht Amrits.. under the control of the
S. G. P. C., no propaganda was likely to bear fruit. Nevertheless,
in order to render such help to the Punjab Government as was
possible, a propaganda was set on foot with a View to influence the
Akall movement so as to separate the Gurdwara reform completely
from political work. The plan contemplated was to secure a
180 :;0)1 CO NFlOSNTJAL PAPER S 01- THE AKM. I ~[ O VEMF.NT

m' jor ity of such members in the S. G . P. C., as would prefer to

do purely religious work without opposing thE Government. Being
given to understand that Master Mota Singh was a man who enjoyed
the confidence of the Sikh community generally, an attempt wa,
made to approach him through Bhai Ram Singh Dharowal ia and
Teja Singh Bhuchar who promised loyal cooperation and held out
the hope that. If Mota Singh once agreed to the proposal. the
success of the propaganda would be assured. At considerable risk.
Bhai Ram Singh saw Mota Singh after the Royal amnesty granted to
him along with others in 1919 on the termination of Martial Law,
When the latter was absconding to evade his arrest in the well
known Akali conspiracy case of 1921. He succeeded' in removing
from his mind the mlsunder-standing against Patiala which had
arisen on account of Patiala's aCt ion against him in the past and
Patiala's COnstant co-operation with the British Goverenment to
quell Akali activities which were then trampl ing the law under the
pretext of religious sanction. The S. G. P. C. preachlngs were
widespeard and attractive for the Simple-minded but fanatic Sikh;
and so well camouflaged behind the ostensible Dharmlc pretensions
was the deep-rooted political propaganda that the Sikh inhabitants
of the state lost their balance of mind and started recruItment
of members for the S.G.P.c. and collection of funds for it. By
persistent counter propaganda, passing of special legislation, and
organising a state Gurdwara Committee with adequate staff.
which. of course , involved heavy expense. every possible effort
was made within the State to dissuade Sikhs from joining or
finanCially supporting the movement, and to save the State
gurdwaras from passing Into the possession of Akalls, thus
affording considerable help in easing the general situation in the
Punjab.
Fatehgarh Sahib incident.
In December 1921 when one Gurdwara after another was being
seized in r.pid succession by the Akalis and there was a great rush
on Fatehgarh Sahib, His Hlghness.t gre.t risk went out personally
 SOME CO ~FI DE)/ ri AL PAPE RS Or- THE AKALI MOVE ME:-!T lSI

to attend the Jormel, (convention) at Fatehgarh Sahib and by his

great personality succeeded in exerting a healthy influence on the
Akall extremist, of his own State and abroad, which went a long way
in Checking the all.sweeping wave of Akall raids on gurdwaras.

Efforts to reclaim Mota Singh.

Later on, as a re,ult of the Influence brought to bear on him.
Mota Singh agreed to sever his connection with all politics and ta
confine his activities exclusively to re ligiOUS work. He contemplaled
changing the pe rsonnel of the then S.G.P.C. and starting solely the
work of the purification of the gurdwara. This informat ion was
conveyed to the Pun jab Government but they were not prepared to
accept Mota Singh's assurance or to use him In any way for a counter
propaganda against the S. G. P. C. Th e proposal consequently did
not assume any definite shape. Nevertheless, Patlala, through Its
trusted agents, continued to Influence Mota Singh with a view to
prevent him from breaking Into violence. Meanwh il e in June 1922,
Master Mota Singh was arrested and Teja Singh Bhuchar became
unfriendly with Patlala under the influence of the Maharaja of Nabha
and Bijla Singh-the well known Akall extremist and anarchist-who
was then wanted In the Lahore Conspiracy case and was being
harboured by the Maharaja of Nabha, started giving troubles on the
borders of the Patlala State.
Agitation in Malwa : Ituppression.
About this time an Akali office was opened at Dhuri in the
Pat iala State , which practically became the centre of the ac t ivities
of the Akalls of the Malwa tract. This institut ion was affil iated w ith
the central S.G . P.c. and gained great pol itical importance In the
Phulklan States. Pati.la, In the teeth of opposition of the Sikh public
of the State took drastic measures against the office bearers of the
Dhuri Dewan, who were arrested and prosecuted under various
political offences. HI, Highness' Government appOinted a special
bench of magistrates vested with speCial powers to try those cases.
This action resulted In the complete d islocation of the Akall
 182 SOME CO_'1 FIDE " T fAT- PAP~~S OF THE AJ( ALllJOVEME)/ r

organisation in all the CI,~-SutleJ Sikhdlstrlcts in the Punjab and in

the Patia!a State. Similar action W3S t'i!ken in connection with the
~Hero!, ~urdwara in . P~tiaJa a~4' in other cases of Akali agitation.
Bijla Singh ~. ac:tivitiea and hi. eventual reclamation.
Meanwhile BI/ la Singh anarchist, mentioned above, had become
a terror for the Patiala State subjects by organising raids and
dacoities io 'Patiala territory. It was discovered that BiJia Singh had
In view and extensive scheme of murdering the high officers of the
patlal. S~tate and plundering the State treasuries and that he and
his party were equ ipped with a plentiful supply of arms from the
Nabha Scate and with bombs. All the expences of th is party were
being paid by Nabha. All this Information waa furn ished to the
Punjab C.I.D. who were, however, unwilling to take steps to arrest
Bijla Singh unless he was found In British territory, even though he
was wanted In the Akali Conspiracy case. Efforts were therefore
made to win over Bijla Singh from the anti-Government and criminal
propensities and the necessary agenCies were employed by Patiala
to secure this end, Eventually with the approval of the Government
of India, Bljla Singh was pursuaded, through Bhai Ram Singh, on
assurance of pardon, to surrender himself to Patiala. Bijla Singh
surrendered, and he and the whole of his party were brought under
complete control and solemn assurances were taken from them for
their future good behavio ur.

Efforts to arreat the Babr Akali gang.

It is necessary, at this stage. to return again to the Akali
activities in the Punjali. After the arrest of Mota Singh, his party
In the Doab. selected for their leadership one of Master Mota Singh' s
lieutenants named Kishan Singh Gargaj , an absconder, who rapidly
devised mean s to throw the province into throes of general confUSion
and anarchy. At the outset, the party adopted the designation of
Gargaj (awe-Inspiring) but later, in furtherence of their avowed
object, the gang assumed the more terrorising name of
Babr Akall Jatha, whose brutal outrages are too well known to need
 SO;1E CO~FIDE~T IAL PAPERS OF THE AKAL{ MOV;!NT IS)

any comment. Even here, Patlala was ready as ever with its loyal
co-operation to check this dangerous development. Bhai Ram Singh
was consequently deputed to tackle Klshan Singh and he approached
him for the first time, through Babu Santa Singh (another important
member of the Babr jatha), In August 1922. Through Jurth,er
efforts, Ki sha n Singh Gargaj became agreeable to change. his anarchist
propaganda and to turn into a loyalist if Patiala would :grant h;'m
subslstance and occupation as was be,lng offered to Bijla Singh.
Negotiation in this connection were still going on with the Agent
to the Governor . General, Punjab States, when Kishan Singh was
arrested in the Hosh larpur district. After this Bhal Ram Singh , w ith
the permission of the aut"oritles, Interviewed, in Jullundur Jail r
Kishan Singh who agreed to disclose all the facts and enable the
arrest of all the members of the dangerous Babr gang provided that
he was not given away but was convicted under section 124 A. of the
I.P.C. and Imprisoned for a year or two. The higher authorities
appreciated the proposal but it was not accepted by.the 'Punjab C.LD.
Had this proposal been adopt~~, the whoJe . Babr ratha ' wculd ha.~
been eaSily arrested with the help of Klshan Singh. and the loyal
resi den~s of the Doaba and the Po lice would have " bee~ saved frori!
all th"t foll"we~. ' ,'. I' ' . _.
Not-with-standlng the disappointment at no t being able to push
the very Important and valuable assist.ance In the conversion of Mota
Singh and Klshan Singh to a successful Iss~e, Patiala . still continued
. I ' j ' ..,

to help the Imperial cause, and' the Agen t' to the Governor-General
. .1 I

was kept Informed on the im.po rtant steps taken from t ime to time_
At this junctur~, ' the Com";issio'~er of " Jullundur asked Patl~la
informally if'Bijla Singh could "asslst In the arresi or the members of
. I , ;! , t .
the gang who had embarked on a career of violent crime. Accordingly,
'In consultatlo~ with Bij la Singh, ' twb s~cret agents ' Ja&at Singh and
Sund er Singh were deputed to get Into direct touch' with the most
important members of:tlie' Babr jatha and their <services we're placed
at. the disposal of the Punjab .C. I. D. , It was 'through the ,effprts of
,t hese tWO Patlal. men that Babu Santa Singh and Ram Singhy members
of the Babr jatha, were arrested by the Pollee. In addition to
1St SOME:CO);fIDE~TIAL PAPERS OF TH E AKALI MOV E MENT

these arrests, both these Pat ial. informers managed to pass most
acurate and timely information to the poli ce to facilitate the arrest
of the outlaws but unfortunately some-how-or other many golden
opportunities were lost, This short acount will show that direct
work was done by Patiala in the Imperial Interest in rounding up the
Babr gang , besides keeping Sf lakhs of the Sikh population of the
Phulklan States under control and preventing them from harbouring
or sheltering the ' Babrs', a practice wh ich Was then very common
because of every Sikh feeling himself In duty bound to do so. This
action naturally weakened the anarchical movement in the Pun jab
by depriving it of so many facllties wh ieh the anarchists ex pected to
enjoy at the hands ofthe large and concentrated Sikh population of
t he Patlala State.
Annoyance of Akali papers.
The extremist AkalJ newspapers were greatly annoyed with
Patiala over Its persistent attitude of cOoOperation with the
Government of India and hurled, every day, most poisonous, foul
and Insulting epithets against Patlala ; the Kirpall B,hadur, A ka!;
and Aka!; te Pardes;, etc., were most violent. At this very stage
Patiala was forcibly drawn into most disagreeable but all absorb ing
conflict with Nabha. Yet it tought Single-handed against the Akali
menace with persistence and at great sacrifice .
Second Attack on Khaloa College.
Towards the end of 1923 fresh trouble was created In the Khalsa
College' by: some of the members of the S. G. P. C. The help of His
High ness of Patiala was again sought and he ungrudgingly provided
personal help, constant adVice, encouragement and financial help to
the ' College Committee, through the medium of Sardar Sunder
Singh Majithia which saved the college once more from falling Into
the hands of the extremist Sikhs.
Meaaure. taken to control seditious activities.
Consequent on Nabl,a's separation from his State In December
1923, it was di~cov ered that the Folitical atmosphere within the
 SOME CONFlDENTJAL PAPERS OF TH E ANAL! MOVE~'1ENT U5

state was being Injuriously affected by the constant deputation of

S.G.P.C . emissaries from Amritsar to seduce the Scate Akalis to hold
political Diwans. in which most objectionable and seditious speeches
were delivered against the British and His Highness' Government.
Consequently certain lines were chalked out to cope with the
situation In accordance with the existing law. At this stage. however.
the policy adopted by His Highness' Government was simply to
apprehend the ring-leaders and real prompters of the movement.
In the great annual diwan held at Fatehgarh Sahib In the last week
of December. 1923. many speaches were delivered in a spirit of
reckless defiance of the law. Most of the speakers belonged to
British territory and some of them made themselves scarce. but
those who could not escape over the border were hunted down and
prosecuted. As was to be expected. this acted as a red rag to the
bull and. In a fit of threatening r.stlessness, the lo:al Akall leaders
prompted by the paid preachers of the S. P. G. C. hastily organised a
succession of political dlwans in various affected centres, with the
avowed object of overawing His Highness' Government and Infusing
courage and enthusiasm among their rank and file. In view of the
higher vituperative language Which was being indulged in by the
agitators. chiefly against the British Government it was then
considered necessary to augment the existing law by a special "Shahi
Farman" which forbade all seditious activities in any form or manner
whatsoever, whether ag.lnst the Patiala Raj or against the British
Government, on pain of severe penalties Including forefeieure of
property.Accordingly allthe important speakers who delivered inflama-
tory and seditious speeches in those diwans were arrested, challanged,
convicted and sentenced to long terms of Imprisonment, fine and
confiscation of property. These political prisoners were lodged in
an isolated subSidiary jail which was specially established (or th .. m
at Bhatlnda. This action naturally Invited most severe criticism
from the Gurmukhl and Vernacular Press of the Punjab but all the
~me it had a salutary effect and thenceforward the number of Akoll
dlwans began to decrease and very few prosecutions under section
124 A. or 188 of the I. P. C. and 108 of the C. P. C., were found
l8S so;m CO'iFIDENT IAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI M,JVEMNT

necessa ry.
With a view to stop the publication of seditious articles in
different papers, whkh contained most pernicious and unwarranted
attacks against the British and His Highness' Government ,
vigorous efforts were made by the Patiala C. J. D. to obtain a
clue as to the real writers of those articles. By secret enquiries and
recourse to up-to-date methods of censorship , correspondents of
the Gurmukhi papers like" Babbar Sher", "Aka"", "Klrpan Bah.dur",
"Pritam" etc., were located . their accomdation addresses for such
correspondence found and original copies of articles intercepted in
a very clever but qu ie t manner. This gang was eventually
challaned under section 124 A.. and 120 B., I. P. C. convicted.
Action was also taken against cereain Akalis who sold seditious
pamphlets against British Government in Patia la and who were in
direct touch with editors of papers referred to above. and Jiwan Singh
and Partap Singh, the well known booksellers of Amrits.r who deal
mostly in seditious Gurmukh i literature and national publications.
On receiving information through the State C.I.D. that certain
Sikh students of the Mohlndra College Patiala were secretly
participating in the Akali propaganda by way of reciting self-composed
political poems and collecting funds for the S.G. P.C . Qaldi Sahayak
Fund. etc" etc . the movement was nipped In the bud and the
students who had taken leading part in the activities were expelled
from the State .
Coop,tation in connection with the J ..ito affair.
Apart from local political troubles, the m>rch of Akall Jathas
on Jaito, often through Patiala territory. necessitated constant and
vigilant watch being maintained over State subjects With a view to
discourage the wave of enthusiasm which permeated the Sikh
peasantry at the t ime. Anoth er notificatio n, uncer the express
ord e rs of His Highness. was issued by the Home Minister, in Februlr v
1924. prohibiting the Patiala State subjects from associating With
the Shahidi Jathas at J.ito. Eventually suitable action was taken
against those who participated in the movement. An offer of co-
 SO~l!c CONF IDENTI AL PAPE RS OF THE AKALI ;,10V EME)/T 187

operation With the Nabha Forces at jaito at the political Juncture

was accepted by the Government of India and Patiala troops were
deputed to assist the N3bha authorities at ja lto. The conduct of
these troops was repeatedly admired by the Nabha Administrator
who on several occasions expressed his views in letters of thanks
addressed to the Prime Minister. Patiala. In May. 1924. vide
confidential D. O . letter N~ . 1014C dated 20.5.24. certain
suggestio ns by the Prime Minister. Patlala to Improve the situation
at jaito. were placed in the hands of the A.G.G. for the cons ideration
of the Governmen t of India.
The attitude of the Punjab C.I.D. had changed In the meantime
and the loyal co-operation of Patlal. began to be appreciated by the
Punjab Government.
Another conspiracy unearthed.
A conspiracy was discovered In 1924. In which certain Akalis.
particularly Santa Singh a lias lakhmer Singh of Kalaur. Poflce Sution
Bassi. who had received a life sentence In the second lahore
Conspiracy case o( 1914 but was raleased In 1919 owing to Royal
Clemency. Dr. Bakhshlsh Singh. a well known bomb-manufacturer
:IJld their associates holding extrem ist views. had laid out plans to
commit political murders beginning with Sardar Bahadur Sardar
Sunder Singh Majith la. Colonel Minchin and the Prime Min ister of
Patiala (Raja Sir Daya Kishan Kaul). They had cellected dangerous
/ire orms. etc . (or the purpose. Their residential quarters were ra ided
recovering swords. guns. chaVis. cartridges. one bomb and some
political flterature. It was also found that certain Sikhs of Majha.
who entertained anarchical views. were also affiliated to this party.
Accordingly a case under section 302/ 120 B.. I.P.C.. was registered
and the accused were sent up for trial and convicted. This secret
gang. which was likely to develope Into a revolut io nary orlgan lsat lcn
and become a peril to society like the Babr gang of Doaba. was then
broken up In time.
Action was also taken against the paid propagandists of the
S.G.P.C. employed for disseminating seditious literature and reciting
Inflamatory poems.
188 SO~!E CO:)(FJDENTlAL PAPERS OF THE AKAL~ 110 VEMENI

SUMMARY
To SUm up, His Highness the Maharaja of Patiala and his
Government have fully maintained their long establi. hed tradition
of active whole-hearted co-operation with and loyal assistance to the
British Government during the last troublesome decade of Punjab
history especially In connection with the .narchist and extremist
movements among the Sikhs. from the Sikh Ghaddar conspiracy
and the Rowlett Bill agitation onwards, the Maharaja of Nabha has
lent his moral and financial support to seditious agitation In general
and the Sikh extremist and anarchi$t activities In particular ; this
enhancing the dlflkulties of the task before the British and Patlal.
Governments. Patiala has offered Its active assistance and ungrudging
co-operation In combating the Sikh Ghaddar conspiracy of 1914, the
political agitation In 1917, the seditious activities of 1919, the
extremist att.cks of 1920 and 1923 on the Khalsa College, the growth
of extremist propaganda among the Sikhs, from the creation of the
S.G.P.C. down to the Jaito affair, In purging the gurdwara reform
movement of Its political character, In attempting to reclaim
hardened political offenders like Mota Singh and Klshan Singh. in
actually reclaiming fire brands like Bijla Singh and his gang, In
turning the tide of political agression by the extremist Akalis
at Fatehgarh Sahib, in suppressing agitation In the Malwa, in
planning the arrest of whole Babr Akali gang, in providing Information
calculated to lead to the arrest of individual members of the lathas
and in actually secu ring the arrest of at least two of them, in
discovering conspiracies to murder directed against Bri t ish and
Patiala Officers, In generally Initiating measures for fighting the Akali
menace 'n consonance. with policies adopted by the Punjab
Government and persisting with them even when that Government
saw fit to alter their policy. It goes Without saying that in doing so,
His Highness the Maharaja of Patiala made himself thoroughly
unpopular from time to time with the extremist and more VOCiferous
section of the Sikhs wh ich had been practically leading the Whole
Panth and has been gaining steadily Importance- a situation which
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPE RS OF THE AKALl M O VEME ~T 181

always Involves a risk 01 alienation 01 the Sikh subjects of the State

from their Ruler. Much more so has been the case when after being
encouraged to take up a stern attitude he has been left in a tight and
awkward corner by a change in the policy 01 the Punjab
Government. It has therefore been no easy task for His Highness
to maintain his prestige and capacity to exert a healthy influence
over the community.
The Patiala police have considerably helped the Punjab Police
in every poss Ible manner In all the pol itlcal cases handled by them,
particularly in the Sikh leaders trial case and the supplementary Babr
Akali case. The State C. I. D. have always kept a watch on the
political tendencies of all suspicious Akalis. To quote a recent
instance, vigilent watch was exercised in connection with the Nagar
Klrtan processions and suitable action was taken to put an end to the
activities of persons who took the initiative In collecting Panj-Paisa
or Panj-Anna funds or In the celebration of Nabha day. The
Vigilance of the Patlala C . I. D., has gained enormously in Its
efficiency .slnce Khan Bahadur Sardar L1aqat Hayat Khan , C.B.E.,
assumed charge 01 the Department and work 01 the Patiala
Government in this direction has been greatly facilitated by the
sympathetic attitude of His Excellency, Sir Malcolm Hailey's
Government and the mutual confidence and co-operation of the
Punjab and Patiala Criminal Investigation Department.

110
Confidential
Political agitation in Patiala State
Your Highness,
I. The impending settlement of the Akall question in the
Punjab prompts me to submit to Your Highness the follOWing brief
note on the political situation in the Patiala State and to suggest
the desirability of recognising the services of deserving persons
190 SOME COr- FI DENT1AL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

with a view to encourage them and others, thus fortifying ourselves

against all future contingencies ;-
2. Towards the close of the year 1923, soon after I had
assumed charge of the Home Department. I discovered that while
political agitation In the State was growing apace. being fanned by
the extremists propaganda in the Punjab, the only agency we had
to cope With It. viz., the C. I. D. lacked discipline, training and
proper control which reduced its utility to minimum . This,
obviously was a most unsatisfactory posItion from an administrat1ve
point of view and called for immediate reform. Accordingly with
Your Highness' approval, transferred the C. I. D. from the Central
Police office , to the Home Department under my direct control.
effected certain necessary changes In the personnel of the Department
and placed it In charge of an experienced officer, who lost no time
In setting things in order.
Having thus equipped ourselves with a more diSCiplined and
better controned C. I. D' I we set ourselves to enforce the law and
stem the tide of political unrest which was rapidly spreading
throughout the State. By Your Highness' command . a definite and
clearly defined . policy was laid down for the gUidance of the executive
staff and an intensive campaign was launched against political
agitators, who backed by the resources and end,usiasm of the
S.G.P.c., were dally gaining a firm hold over the imagination of the
unsophisticated masses.
The great annual Diwan held at Fatehgarh Sahib in December
1923, at Which numerous Akalis were present and many seditious
speeches were del ivered In a spi; lt of reckless definace of t he law,
gave us the desired opportunity to set the law In motion. Such of
the leading firebrands as did not escape over the border were hunted
down and prosecuted. As was to be expected, this acted for the
t ime being as a red rag to the bull and In a fit of threaten ing
restlessness the local Akal i leaders prompted by the emissaries of
t he S. G. P. C., hastily organised a succession of political diwans In
various effected ntres with the avowed object of overawing the
Patiala Government and infusing courage and enthusiasm amo ng
 smlE CONFlDEX11AL PAPERS OF THE AK.' LI MOVEMENT 191

their rank and file. But we were no. " "prepared for these develop-
ments and the executive st.ff very vigorously and most successfully
grappled with the situation which w.s menacing enough to tax
their energies to the utmost. Apart from local politic.1 troubles.
the march on lalto of Akali jathas, often through Patiala territory.
necessitated constant vigilance being maint.ined over state subjects
with a view to discourage the wave of enthusiasm which permeated
the Sikh pe.santry at the time.
In view of the highly vituperative language which was being
Indulged In by the agitators, chiefly against the British Government
it was considered necessary at this stage to augment the existing
law by a special "Shahi Farman", which forbade .11 seditious activities
in any form or manner whatsoever whether against the Patiala
R.j or the British Government on pain of severe penalties
induding forfeiture of property. Armed wIth extra weapon, which
proved so efficacious against local seditlonists, the C. I. D., on whom
feil the brunt of the work in connection with the political agitation .
made several Important arrests and before long over a score of
the worst offenders were duly accounted for and lodged in a
subsidiary jail specially started for them at Bhatinda. During
the course of the trials and even after convictions some of the
more recalcitrant among the accused resorted to hunger strikes
carrying their co-prisoners with them . These attempts at coercing
Government Into undue leniency, which were undoubtedly inspired
by outside agencies, however failed Ignominiously leaving our
polley absolutely unchanged.
The policy adopted by the Patiala Government In deal ing with
the Akali agitation with a firm hand has simply justified itself by
the results obtained. By the end of 1924 the siluation had been
brought completely under control and seditious talk against the
British Government and the Patlal. Ral practically ceased within
the limits of the State. The extremists have eversince been
making frantic efforts to revive the agitation but, so far. with
I ittle effect.
 192 SOME COXFIDE~TIAL PAPERS OF THE h KhLI MOV E ME!>fT

With the tightening of the screw, however, some of the

more restiess spirits, finding them.elves helpless within the Juris-
diction of the State, started migrating to British territory and
joining "Akali Jathas" organised by the S.G .P.C, Every possib le
effort was made to stop this movement. too. In spite of our
difficulties in dealing With State Subjects committing offences beyond
our reach.
Revo!utionary plots.
3. The heavy work devolving on the C. I. D. in connection
with the political agitation was >ccenwated by the necessity for
constant vigilance over the deeper currents of the Akafi movement
which had brought into existence such dangerous revolutionary
organiSation as the "Babbr Aka"" gang of the Punjab. Secret
Information obtained by the C. I. D. lead to the discovery of a
dangerous plot In Kalaur, P. S. Bassi, Dl'trict Patiala, against the
lives of some highly placed Government officials, who were known
to be hostile to the Akali movement. The Superintendent of
Pollee. C. I. D. personally raided the houses of the suspects and
succeeded in recovering a bomb and some fire3rms. also some
objectionable poli tical literature. The case was successfully
investigated and re.ulted in the conviction and sentence of the
consplraton to various terms of imprisonment. A similar conspiracy
among prisoners In the Central/ail , Pati.la was nipped In the bud.
4. Several State officials and many nonofficials have contri-
buted to the success of our polley in regard to the Akali agitation
and I feel in du ,y bound to request Your Highness. gracious
permission to submit my recommendat ions for rewards In favour
of such persons as have rendered conspiCUOUS service [0 the Patiala
Government in this grave pol itical crisis ond who have not already
b.on rewarded at the last " B.sant Durbar".
I beg to remain.
Your Highness'
Most obedient Servallt
Sdj Liaqat Hayat Khan
Home Min ister
Pati.la Govern ment
 SO,fE CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEME~T 193

111
Telegram 22-9-25.
No. 348 from Baloke dated 22-9-25 hours 17-40 mts.
Secretary Sharomanl Akal; Dal
Amrltsar
Keeping In view incident of 20th instant, I have ordered
suspending Bhai Pheru Marcha from today. Don't send more jatbs
here.
Arjan Singh.

112

Gopy of the letter from S. Tela Singh Ghawind to

Bhal Nand. Singh Jathedar.

!J')HTo ,,lQ-c3?) ftJl>f'a g'ell1'ful:!, R: <5t! fR"U! ill' I

... fUO!~ tll CIT ~'l'!W, ~'fUO!~ ill Cllll'fau I
!J')HTo tll' t!'R ~ ClH ';!ii \Iii grel lie ~ RH'B'CI H'1H 5~ uo I
f~B'c ftii? '>f'U ill t!l il .., f~ii aocl tl3e f5~. t!T iiRHT Clot!' "',
~u ~l feR Clc~ fCi fBeCl'lO 3 '>f<ii cfue Cl<Jiii fu'>f'c ~qt!T fill'>f' I
ila- HO f..-B '>f'U tll t!l f'C301 fet.13 ;1 HTG <1 fill'>fT ~ fCi ~' <:11 tl~
;)1 I fe<J ti~~' f"fl ~Rl'>f3 f~ 0<11' fHlI fau' I 0' ;)1 &el ~Rl'>l3 alit!'

ui I fRao: g'el RHS iii '>ftlm ClaB" ;)i fCi !I'el ~g ill ~ H'HH ~ CI'HWI:!
1:!O'~e f..-B .\101 HB'B' ~el Bl<Jl~ ~ ;1 Clilcl t!' <!CIH ':eo fliRT B'ulB'T
~ I ifij '>fu3 f~'>I>H f..-B R: '>failli fflU! ill <10; Ii 'is feR ..,,3 B'l ;)TH3
~ f"Il'a iii ,,13T~ 01" Cll3' ~ I ilij f.,,'>j'H f..il Ii '>I'U feR ~,,3 ~fl <11
){iii ;1 iJi~ ai ;,gol III f" '>f'tI ,,1 fe<Jl iiillRo c5'~ I ftl'>lTij g'el ill',
f>lll CIilcl ~ '>fltj i; Hoil' ..o1a' H'~e -e <lCl fB3 <10 3 Cll ~R ~ <Ie' ~e
~ gl <lCl ~~ <JO I ii fig' <1~aT13i "Hel t!l, ii l:!t!o'Hl <l~l 3i "ilil
B'1 I ~cCl Ciao ..'fH'>li ~ '>fTtl i; t:l<l iii <J" fB3 ij~ uo, ",ao' iiH r,,1l
30i BH FfOlt!' ij I Clel H& ~-e <JO f" 'l.S r"Bla ~ "CI?l ll'~ <10 I g'el
'l2t!1!! I!!!lJil'h ,l!,~aeIa lllKgi
'E)2l:! 5i.ell1:!. '~t;!b 'l~~>11:!. h I!!l
',ll5i,1li Inljj ~/tl:!eI 'll:!. l!~~J,!< t}J

, C AJ1.ellj 5i&il8j lll~ iI,~eI l:!a.J l2!:f1!! Il!,aail! l~lt 'l! !a,l! l'1:!.
!I~!~ l!~ lll! !llEl!1. ~~ !~II! Ji& l!aJ ,!!,BAA l? !I!!!,!;! l!,zJ;:lf'J
i~j ~ l2tm I!!DJil'h ,1!..aiH!il! l!ll1~ lDJill:! EI!~ La gll,~ BII:!.Jl
-~II:!. IEll!! EBLI!!2n >1118j IIRJ5ij .2g
~j !l!IBItI gl ~~ & 5i1\i.! la~ l!2J g,2l:! 1l2j l2ttl!! I!!D~h ,1l12i!2il!
l2Hlt ej ,I'll) ilill~ ~ g Btl 5iJ2l:! lD~ Ei!Jf!a la gll,!2 8,1:!.!l
-: C !Ell!! Il,n IEH2.IE ,lAjllj 5!~ ll.2J !E!!E)22J La ilt jlb ll
L2.a21:!. B lllhl g l2J;:11!! m~u~a La l2t!1!! I!!!li?h U<laa2.il! lllHl!
;\!O : 2ili!!,
l2t!1!! I!!!ll:ih ,2.laal!iE l2HIj
l!Ej2 ll!! ll:!. p.f2l!jI~ .
V
11
to l: -;!-ilt
, ~"2jln Inl;!j Ilg
1!!2l;! 2l!a e.a'IBJIE ilIa
, l!EJ~ !l!l2 E8!!ll I tegl!! 1!1l!2J
22.Ft I!!J Ii a1;'{:j' C glhl tel Il!l~ g,ll ,E let! I l! i!l!t.l ~L~H !?2~ Ll:!
In.elj HI12J2 :ll I Ii ;?!' eg 1i!IIllj ,g hll I ,lllPi!g IILBi'l: ~ I>!HBa
I ~Il g 5t!l ELI!! H~ g,ll I 1i!1l~1ll. 1>!2.1!! ,le.2 ~ilIIlJ Ii! gett lal!! lEAF
'Ii 5iI!!BH !E II!iJ l!1!! g,lltj Ii! ll!..aen~ hoi" l.! I ,i!Rl! l3p g{:j
5!JlJ la !lgJ~ 2!!1!! H~ I /:! g.MIJ Ela ?,ll ,1IiE I ~g 2l!,e ,a LH,>!E'I!
!EI!:!e!;! 'Ji!~ eJ!1. 12 ,g{ll~ gl!!J ~ ,I l!PJ l~ gl!!j ,i!!1~ I e.1l:! ,1"J2.
llP. g~ 5!JlJ la ""iljla 22.1!! H~ ~ g IILB!'. l'.f!J !:' C lal!!ll C!je Ll! ,E
La{l~1 ',i!1!!1l I) ,lC!2 IElleJ~ 21l:!22J I!!ll~ I C LH&i!B LI!! La ~f!J er ili
, I) ~IlJ hll I lag ll,1l eaj ,lll!!!lll Ii!! .a 2.~ ~j H~ !?2a ~

J. Nm~3:"' OI~ nV)jv <IHl. ilO SU3:dVd 'I'ill.N<IOI:lNO:> 3NOS tS!

 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVE~lE~T 195

THE SHIROMANI GURDWARA PARBANDHAK COMMITTEE

Communique No. 39.

The S.G.P.C. in Its working Committee held on January 4th

1926 .dopted the following resolution ; -
The question of the appointment of Ministers of the Punjab
Government was considered and It was decided that the S.G.P.C.
should not interfere with it and that following statement be Issued
to the Press :-
The opinions which some responsible members of the S.G.P.C.
have expressed through the public press regarding the appointment
of Ministers of the Punjab Government were their personal opinions.
S.G.P.C. Is absolutely neutral in this matter.
Jaswant Singh Jhabalia
General Secretary,
Amritsar: S. G. P. C.
5th January 1926.
114
To
The General Secretary,
Shiromanl G. P. Committee,
Sir,
Everslnce I was elected President of the S. G. P. C. last month
I have been daily feeling that I am not doing that much of work
which I previously used to do that which the needs of my
Committee require from me under the present circumstances.
This is mainly due to the state of my health, although there are
other factors also which detract my mind from close application
to the business of the post of the President and member In charge
of the Law Department. I have deeply considered over the
matter as to whether I could conscientiously discharge the duties
of either post if I am releived of the others but I have come to
the conclusion that I am unfit to bear the .traln of either. Such
being the conclusion, I do not think It honest to keep the offices,
196 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT

the duties of which I cannot efficiently discharge and the responsl-

bllieies of which I can not shoulder. I shall however continue to
be a member of the S. G. P. C. and give such advice and suggestions
as may be asked for eime to time. When leaving Amrltsar, I made
over charge to the Vice-President. I have not taken back formal
charge so continue to work as the President until the General
Committee meets when formal election of the President can
take place.
Your etc . . etc.,
Mehtab Singh
21. 2.26.
Rejected by W . C. on 22, 2. 26.

115

n
~i "'f<JqJ~ ill 011 Mi'3<J I
''>101'81' 8 ''>1,,,,,1 3 '{.?Rl' '>IlIa'o; ua ..1'>1; <10 '>f3 RI;!<I OJ\!
Ue! ..1 ..fFe1 fe15! ;;rT i{ll '>fT;;raR ~ I '>IRl' R;;rT l/a B1 fa<J3il1 8e1
'>f'1.IC'1'>1; "liN; 1.ICOTC <Ie aii <P I l/ll BT KilBT ~ll .. a1 ,1'83 t!' '>fRl'
fe<i f"Wil Bile a~ <J; f Rc08 aa" B1 Be 3' I.If<l8;~. <!!. '{, O1Bc1 B1
15,,1' ilOC8 Be a 8e1 tl'~ 3 Tf<l ii-efa iliiiiB1 tia1 ~ il'~ I l.IaRlIC!
f~'o B; fe<J fReT f15a8t!' ~ f<l '1. <J!. 1J.. aKc1 ?i tlflB1 3' tl8B1 ,WI'
-tloa", Be aTlte 8el ~ Rll-aKc1l:!'i,a <la fB31 ~ filR a'>l3 '>Iil e
1JaB f<ril" fail iia ll; KG1 BT >Tiwo 1Jaa'R3 ii ~fa'>!' il '>f3 ''>fa'!!l' 3'
''>1<1'81 3 1.J:BR1' '>f<l<fra; f<l<'5 f<rB' '>ITe Rile; 0'8 H;;!B' H3~;;r <J'>l3
);h;11~a1'>f8 <'511 t f<ril" ;;rr~i'iCf51 tl; feo;;rrIi<lC81 lIo"ij'l! O1ao' '>Ii! 3'
aB <laB1'>f; <JO I RaT3; ~8' ll'iJii' '>f,~ B<J; f.'I')I'8; e <l!aKOJ '>13 ;:r;
fU'>i'8 i '''is Rile i ~g' BIllH1 ftfo1"p ~/)! e '>f1.l?i o'~' ~oi '{01'R3
131'>fi tjTCaT1'>f;, lie! ;:ri f.U'>!'81 B1'>1i ;;r1,,'0; f~B iie1'>!' 3010; o;:r1'
""lI1'>f; tl'cc!l1",i I
Mangal Singh
26-2-26
 SOME COXF IDE NTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 197

116

From
The Secretary.
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
To
The Secretary.
Punjab Provincial Congress. Committee,
Lahore.
Amritsar Dated 13th March. 1926.
No. Special / 3.
Sir,
There Is a balance of about R. 14.000/ on account of Akali
Prisoners' Relief Fund In your hand, As the accountS have to be
ad justed and the money is needed, I shall be obliged If you wiU
please pay the amount to S. Bhagat SinghJI Secretary Law Department
(S.G.P.C.) on behalf of the S.G.P.C.
He has been duly authorised to accept payment and give
necessary receipt for the same.
Yours sincerely.
Mohinder Singh Sldhwan
General Secretary
S.G.P.C. Amritsar.

117

From Secretary Gurdwara Management

Sub-Committee
Fl: -ailTfRu/ til RTf<Jij Rli"al
fH31 '1~.a.~E.
f\()1.18/'l
\10 H f01a\l''i tll~
I)iT\l til ~ tl'" ij~ f01 t <11, '{. ailel '" ~3 RTlJT gfUfT f!lOT
 198 SOME CON FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKA LI MOVEMENT

1Jt1 R: HUIO fFilll ill I'! Tfl?5\!ol, lJ.1H'0 a TEf' f01ilo fFilll Hl !Tft101 RW
IlTfl qv'~ o'v1' ijH! O1oTfe'>fl <ife!T Al feR 1303 3 fe\' fij~ ;;013 ilfaJ'>fI
iI'~ ;;TIlR fE3 THT~ I ii~ <'h r (1;;0 0113 Ole olO1T03 3' \J3T HOlT ij fer
UTe? 301 a<.!3 IlTa Tqfll'>lT l;r011 ij I fev ..1 J:l1lO ;:sarT 0 fOi !jT~ti Hill Olao
~ fev a01H' ;;TlIll O1T31"1' o<JT' illeT!', fell He1 "I'll ill t11 R;;T f;;'l
lJ,'O!!OT ij fOi '>fill reo! RtR"' ~ "Illol ;;/%' ~fll"lT ;;'1lA 0100 erel f8lR" tiT
fQ'OlI T83 T01<l 3 ii ';;011l0 <rRl' cR ii~ ;;1 ERe til ii'll'! 6aH'~el I
t"A
HfiJea ffilll fRlI .. '
118
From S. Tara Singh, B. A., LL. B., M. L. C., Pleader, Moga, to
General Secretary, S. G. P. C .. Amrit.ar.
Moga, 15th April 1926.
Dear Sardar Sah Ib,
I thank you very much for putting me in ch.rge of the Law
Department of the S. G. P. C. You h.ve .Iso written to me that I
will receive a monthly allowance of Rs. 500/-. I believe that this Is
a temporary appointment as S. B. wished to take rest on account
of his illness. It Is really a difficult task to migr.te to Lahore for
so short a period and upset my whole local work. S. G. P. C. has
advertised for some lawyers. I am quite prepared to leave only if
the S. G. P. C. appoints me a lawyer to conduct cases before the
Tribunal on Rs. 1000/ - p. m. on the announcement of the personnel
of the Tribunal. Before this I will only draw an allowance of Rs. 5001-
as decided by you. if my position Is safe and continuous. I shall
have no hesitation. You had also told me that I would be given
first chance for the appointment of a laywer on 1000/- but I would
like to take my position legally safe so that I may be In a position
to give my full time and energy to the work. Thus I will gain
stability, continuity and certainty. I hope you realise my position.
If I receive an order of appointment to this effect, as passed by
your working Committee Which has full power, I will jo in next
day. This .hould be made clear that I have been appointed by
 SOME CONFI DENT IA L P APER S OF THE AK ALllJOVEMENT 199

S. G. P. C. lawyer on Rs. 1000/- but I will draw the salary only from
the date of the announcement of the Tribunal and before that I
w ill be given only Rs. 5001- as an allowance. On the receipt of
your order, I will Join forthwith.
Sincerely yours,
Sd/- Tara Singh.
119

.p~lhnl>flll
?;: ~ 4 / Rl
RoB'o HOII'> fR'U/ Rlfila ;11 '>1OlT<;l,
i"f1f3l'!Cl1
~o tm~al 'It~~ ?'I'>' f'C;l!>'R ~R Ali' a(lf",T faI'>f1 Rl fOl ;1t!
,
I'!.Hc1 OJ. 1.{. 01. B' t':i:3Cl ~lit R;lCi ~ IJ'R Rl fOl ;'i '>101'1'>1 Il'ocl B
&03' tlil<i' f~R f~;l!>'R ~ tlilj f~ '>1'H ~c >!' R;115 <i'rtl'>1' fOl'>1'
vo I
Rl I "0 mwal ~ '!~ )ha af! ~il' ~o ~1 '>1le 3 l!lii i5 '>fI ~ '>1Ilo1
feOl ~"Ial '>1C1'51 IJTacl l'IC' 5~1 I ='1 ;1<wal ~ R: l){}fa MU/;11 !1<!'5
g (fJ fa '>1a I 511J'aGl ~ Ilafio '>fIa.! vo) R: iJalif! rRW ,,1 R1R3'ol ~
;'iii fial f& ~ t" R;1'5 '>Ifa i'lilal .11 :3 fl!R 75'5 v1 ti"Ol
iJ(') , '>1C1'B"1 Il acl t'1 1J01l5 fl!'ii:T RH~ ~ ;1
l m
HOIm
- ROle
1iC/~ ~ r.1f'>115 0 ' 5
5'\ ;1(');ral ~ '>1C1'1?lWilZ! e ' ag3 Rlij ih"r i Bl ara iJ'"ilal f~ <11 ~c
t" OlaH3T ag3 gral t!g~H31 0 ' 5 IJIR (; fOl'>fl ~R RJ{' fj;1a ;;!' r.1f'>1~
I'll f01 4 '>IilIR3 '\t=l~ 301 Hilt!' fiHCl ailcl t'1 rH'>flil 11 C/lJ Ril' 301
. . -
R'r~t' cit!lii il' ~ 1 ;)5 (; ~ ;1 (; ROlt!' 11 fa fi.. OIilcl gl ~R
-
Ril' 301 RClOl!(J ~If r.lfW~ ~ till' 0 ' em, feR 3' ftli' ailGl ~ fj;1a
'>1C1'811l'acl t'1 fe-ill' '>IQR'a l)f(JijT3 ~3' liOfl~(,) E 'R3 ~ 8l!1
'>IlJol 1 re fii:i' lJaOlc aae ail IJO f~<I rJ:l'>l~ ;:rga af~' Rl fa ;1t!
gl "iic "" i.1'0 0113' fill'>ll at! ill ~t!1l)fT il' R<;1'5 ul"-z U/c '!~ filiJ Bel
;:r'!'f >R f~ U"~ifTT, feR 5~1 ~j(11' 3;'i '>Iii ~t!11)ff ~ Ri1'5 tl' -;m
i:31 vl '>If';ll)fT ~, '>IRl' Olf<l Rae vi fC/ i=I '>101151 lJ'aZ! e '>fIa.! ailGl
e (')'5 fH5 iii ;)ll <;1CI([~ 3t' ;it'11)ff e R'8 ;;!' ;)8 t!' 01':;:1 gijRT I'll,
 xxix

Dal. But the Akalileaders saw in It a favourable opportunity for

launching another morcha there to harass the Government with a
three-pronged attack pressing for an early settlement with them
(No. 166, p. 258 ; No. 175, p. 281; No. 186, p. 30 I). But the
proposal was not pursued by the Government and the Shlromanl
Gurdwar. Parbandhak Committee had no cause for launching
anot~er morcha.
Financial Difficulties of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak
Committee.
There was a very heavy dra in on the finances of the Committee
during the Jaito and Bhai Pheru morchas when It had also to fight
the Akall leaders' case (19L3-25) in the court In addition to
pursuing several other legal c..es. At one stage It was feared that,
for want of payments, their counsel, Ra izada Bhagat Ram of
)ullundur, might refuse to render the legal assistance (Nos. 116-17,
pp. 197-98; 132, p. 213 ; 164, pp. 251 -521. Several measures were,
therefore, suggested to collect funds , Including a frva-.nn. appeal
to the public and a request to Mahatma Gandhi for help (No . 173,
pp . 277-78) _ In March . 1926, a request for a 'good contribution'
to the Gurdwaras Defence Fund was made to H. H. Maharaja
)agat)lt Singh of Kapurthala (No. 146-48, pp 223-24). Regarding
sim ilar requests to other Sikh rulers, there is nothing on record
there.

Differences between Akali leaders

Differences had arisen between the leaders of the Shlromanl
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee over the scope of the Bill for the
control of the Gurdwaras. These arc reflected in the letters wr itten
from Inside the Lahore Fort to the members of the Working
Committee at Amr ltsar, and in the correspondence exchanged
between the Gener.1 Secretary of the Shiromani Gurdwara
Parbandhak Committee (April 19, 1926, No . 119) and Sard.r Mang.1
Singh (April 28, 1926, No. 120). It was eVidently due to these
differences th.t Sard.r Mehtab Singh , President of [he Shiromani
La !lla~ !! ful! 2~ ('~JIl) : @,filj,~all!,fIlJ f1,1'I. .et< m !H,!!!
!! !!~J L2pj f1ilJ g Illl I ll!e11. tKl'I.j "f11.j!! tl- $2 I1.E l~ ,~ ~ell
lEa.fI'!J la H~ I ll:!ii ll:!/hl: :g ill:jlb '.ebf jI. lEHJ l2PJ la l'lIf
'It! i'i.llel?d Hn
I ll! ef1EHJ.J<t t}!
'l2ttE on 'ff> 01! Il~jd:l EJZI:! !Wlli tHtl:!
ile~" 'i1Q1 :)1: eHHJ.J<t
'~g ell!!
!ti<tlB,'l~"
00':1

Ill1.l:! I !.!~ Illl:!

. . . I:!E
....... 1,!.! GOb E
.... ;lob 'hOb IHlll..".
21X1f-.2!.!-
I ef1EHJ.J<t 'l.2t<1l on off> o!:!
'E)11:! ii'.l!!.!I:!
!ihlll:!J In.!lJ eapJH-lel:!
I ll:! .2l:\ .lell lE li~~ Il!!flJI a~j He !E l!!
~ ~ !! ? lag t2 l~ ~ la ~ ~el!! ti>1l a~J .!ill! I:!ilj ?l .a~
lI<c91g.li,!! e,l!!ell til.!! .elM! .a !ll~?l {!~ ,!.! ,HI! 2,11. ~,i1I'I.j
I?E I:!J: !.!.I3.fuJf! ,E tl-X1a ~ EliJ fu!.! ~,I:!I lE a.2j 1:l,!!! tlllj l~ tll!!
nll<c !! I'~ t<W tl- l'lIf lE l!l.!! ,e.il ,a 1:!1) elSHl:l lletRtll! @ii'. H~
? ,~!! 1:l"&lIlI!J !!.2j ii'.ll! I:!ilj ,ll:!f I!!J Ill!j ~ lIlli ,!lett lil~ en
llilJ !! gE ,I! 2~J'.2 ,~ I ~ ef1j tl- l.2e.ll La IlI1<c ~ nll<c ll!t..2!:tt!j La
Ililj aE ~ !I2j Sll ii'.l.2l! ,a !l~ l!- ii'.t2 ~I:! g ~ l?d-: eilJ l!!ilj ~
{!~I~ ,2E\ Rii'.J IlI1<c ,l1:!1 Il e? E\ ,ll~,Eaj ~ !fllllij 2g
I @,a,lt tElE !.!'ii'.~ ? El!f/ la l2ttE .ee!ll! .a laM OE 'jle
Il:le,E ,a '.2~ la 011. on oR? o~ 1191 I!.!e (,'11. ,l! Ell? ~HI1. U:!~? EfL
La !?2tf g,eI:! E\ '.2~ ? ,Le!.! e.fEj la1 '.21;1 Il,l:! .~,I:! - 1121:! {! jlli!~
!!.2j ESill! .ai!tll.2e.ll 1.f1!E.J<t Ej ~ ell! agll en l!-lE!.! lIilJ ii!i! l!!~tlell
J.N ID\I3AOW nv}!v 3RJ. ao SlBdVd .VIl.N3Gl.-lNO:J 3NOS 00.
~!'>J eg,li !:!- ,<l!l\J ,~ i!1I1,1:1 ,EEE! EJ g EHa ~II ,~!! Effi N.J !'>j II!
ta.2J If'J:!a e~ ~i'? ~I II! ,I!'>J~ ~J!'> Le.a Lal!! La ,~jn ,g Ilaj ,!;! ~

g IEle ~e l2Jl~)! li:! /3.n ~l la.n 2P ~j H~ ~ 9!1 ,EeB g ,t!j
g eMJ !.! '~l! M~ lela(l!!j la ~je ea,! !.! ,Ila~ I 21.: lill2e gJ
l2fJ I! ''Y!1 ,Le !EeB ~Il ~ ~j .\11! ge el!! E.l!J. la .\1eE EBIIl ~aj
~l!! EIlea l alaell!! la ~t< ,Ee8 !o! I!EHj C It! 21.: gLI el!! Eill'!.H
Il.~ !.! Jl!!ell ~ 2.H ,EeE! ~ C ellj ~ ,2 e~1'!. !E le L2~f'.! La Lalcej
. la ,Ila~ I g .i!g lil H~ L~l:!~ I 12g .l!:!.l1 Iffi!~ li& ,E!.:lli t!
nil 2ft !.2~1:1 fiJi eE{) ta Ilaj ~ j;Jn ~~~ ,~ ,~ nil ,~LB I C ellj
!.! l:!l!!j leL.2(ll'!.j la l:!~ I ~ Ilajg Ilnj ?,R liLall la lBll:!ej la ,lla~
Ej l a.el!! ,U:! g&/3 !;f~ 2!:). ,ll:lE l!!E 2C !?j l;<ft eBj 2C ,LI:lE llie
I Ilaj,) ,lfr.l1 lill1l:j ,laj"'EJ ~ffi !?aj ~ nil El:! I lll?~g ellj t! JlUl.Jll
gtI g g(lle,aJ::!f!j Lell:l la Haj IE lalE t' lt2j ?.flla.l!ej la ,Ila~
li& ~ 2!:). ~ l!!j g !'!~j n,I li,1E ll!a le t,alllli li& t! Ilaj
I g ,2i:! e1Jj ~LIl la 2!? 2aa .a 2g .eej 1 ?- Jll2~ Il.t!K
Ea.1 la !8!!1! l2h1 lUI I ,e t!JiliH EI!Il!!l'<'!? ~I l2f! tali H~ ,ll:ll
~ I'neE I:laj g ~~d,! 12L.t;2 li~~ nil ,E Ht!J I FIt! 2j! eEl'!. ~ I!I
la~ IE FEl!! . E13f!H IIp ?- EIl!!ell ~ ~~ R,1l la 12{) LIl.LIl ?- !2 gl
ea,1!13 h2.el:l !E tag el!!:!:j la ;?~L~ L2~ n LI eE~ G EI:!:EBj li,2
!!~!E ~11l I IIE~g II~jn eEl'!. LE!,.1:l la ,1!~1i lll l!>1 ge It?J!! eaj
'gEj egl.li g nil I eSHIl ,L!:!.I1 11E~ ~leE Haj !Ill '21! ?Il {! "!1
,EeB gJ ~ ee .E!<j-<j geE 121'< e.eell LaLIl !.! 12~ gf ealea eLael:l
eg,e L2~Lllij l!1!113 li& El'!.aj ,l<Ll2!, ,ll:ll en ,I! ~~,e eel'!.
l:!!!j I ,e
12~ L ~~ la~ ,l:!l l GlE 2~ EH .Il.aF! I~,l:! liLI! nLI Ln'iill 2~L.t;~ la~
l!!j lJiliIl $.\1 l.2 ~ffi l eI! l2J:!!!aJ eE ~ ~ illf l!!J !I! .I1JeG ,!;!
la,n.eJ ta ,,,,\p-~

I ~ ,l!:!.l1IiHj ~M! nLf lali:! gtt gl ,t! l!!j,~t?j ?j! ,l['.\1 ~el!!
l:Iaj l!!E.i2C la~ G ICl!!j l':> eaj g n.1 2~ ,? I:lBj I III1~ ttf!J gJ::! la
lEi lell:l La I:l ~Ll !Eli leett en Ilaj !o! gl!! I" eiil~jl2 (LlE!) L~g
f'l:lj !.! ,llll.LIl ~J:f gf gtIleI2(lI:J la l:!Bj 2 '~n ~ li,all la la,l!!!j

tOZ l.N:oIN:oIA OI\! nVllV :;Iffl. :10 Sll:oIdVd ,VllN:oIOUNO:J mqos

llhll ~aj !;! .2e.12 ~,a~ ! l2!;1l2 llll; l:!l2.l.a l~l2 l?h/;ln .e.12a2U!
/i2H1t ,~~jl'l ,. ~~ ~ H~ .a ~~ jgP.l!! .hE!?j ,E: C .a~ fill,H ,. l2.~j
la hll l2J feE: ~J ~ li2! ~ 1111i .a 13J1 g h.1 ~l2 ~r-JI'I ~ '!l?ll
11 ,IPS! !llal:!f!J ! llaJ ,tJ:l!'< l2J ~g .;2EIl1!J ,~2J gett {!~J" ~aJ g hll4
?~ ~ laetl eel! I ~g ,l~ l!!l2 ,E: ~ ee l\B &hili E!E!
~ {1a1l.a ~~.eJ .a2tt 1'111 -~ ~.R ,aetllh!ili ~~ to! 1 .lQ~g RI"'!>:j
g.aj la .a ,ll~ ej C R.iJ:lj .ett I U!,! ~ Bl2l la liaj ? .aee B(l
a2j IF2.h lH.eJ ,tl ,E !):!Rj . RilE!,'1Jl:21.l2 l2ftj l'il'll I'Id J;! I ~
laeIJ .1 ,eE liej elij ~11i le,2!!!:!j la ge.tf IJilj ,E C a2j lap ! hlf H~
.e..1i .a ~ 1 .U:!'i l~ la&l!! ~~ EllJ ~ !.I,I ~aIl g hII 21'1 ,~ aaj
e,P ! ~etf ! HIlej liaj . I1g lSI! ,!;I 1 llQge eBeH ? ~~.H .aett
taR 2ee ti'l.e. la la!!!!!! lS!hl !? ,):!J:!j {!l1e ,HH~ ~ ,ep ~)';i1 ! ,i'lJ:!j ,.E
~ 22,l?1! aaJ ~g ~~ la l2tll!! eh!;ln .E.2aEU! l~lt to! h llQgl!! J.~'i
lE:S:!ll! la j2E liaJ fhl!!J1IJ eJ C H.I!>:J j.E .e.tl 1 tlQ~ 2liJ gtt Le.att~J
la Ii ,E: III.2J I.2H .atf HIS! ~ ~ eel! eJ g !J:lHJ h.1
I ~ !g,a
li2Hg a2J leD ! lXl-g !? E1'!aj la H!! !;! ,aeIJ Ha ,ll:!'i !! HHj H,S!
!llH.aU ~/!< ,tt I ~ ,lC le.a.!!! 2Jn ,~,S! ~J l!? 1n.1jj R.H Il!.e. .I
~! .a.a[i ,~llJI !.! ~ la12e...e 12.E,1n 13J1lt:l/!< l2aj .~tl! RHJ R.'i lHg

H~!;I PIl le~ ! ,i'lJ:!J {! ~ft ILll .a I3.Jlla ,Illllll ! ,~ ?I l1'! In!;!J
S,ECJH 'S 'Ii III ll:!e. .1 gg ~EJ:l: La ,i'l'!:!J ej at! .Ee2 Ii~ 2f!< 1 .2l!!ll g
.IPS! Ea l':e ,IEjg!;! ,I:! .aSHI:I ll!!a lll/!< e.aj - IJ.CEjaJ ~eHa ! SJ1
):!'!:!J La.aE.l2 la ~.!i ,8 .tt I g !SHIl E~l!a la..a2,12 la ~S!.!i ,E2E!
hll ej eE at!'~ 2e~ ll:! .l!!. laR gtl .S!212 ~aJ lej ,I:! .a~Ja .;2!
Il.a - Eg ~Il ,tt 1 g ~d:!_ leE llE~ rl<I,. ,R.l!>:J g!! J g rPJ!! IilR
~ft l? RE HlS! ! 1'1114 tl h.l J Jal!!IJ E!! ,lC 2llm ~~ llaJ lHa.l
~Ilj La!! j.E ~I:la aeaH~ ! ,Ila~ h.1 gnl laH 2e S:iIlJ~
lae.a~ ta .eg< ~ ~ gl!!:l:J S~ l:!I 11- ~ c~ ! ;2C , ~~ ell! 2~
EeB JID!j ! .2a~ ta~ j.E ~ . ggH gi'l,a g):!l< '!2l!! .2 ~E
,S!.!iJ te.!" E.l!!1l laH la,cej lS!hl gil< !2e ):!.!;! ~ si! la~ ~a2J
.LNID'!3AOI'i nv)!v 1!H.L.:10 Sll:oIdVd "IVI.LN1!QI.:!X O:) 3 1~OS t()l:
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 203

f;:rii<1TBl He ?; f3l>ll o Ii~ I 3v' ~ >11'1 3' ;fl:f de (';'10 floaTo i'l;:j'e HB!!3
d tI'cal I il ifll' ~fl <1a3 ~OBI f(';s'~e el!;i ~8c' fl~ ~1 ;;tQ(!; ~
fa H"BT '>Ia'H1 u'ocl i'l afiJC 3 8ill' ~ ii '>Ifll' ile ~ ;]a f<16 ~1 o~l'
fll 3 i {jdl Td~arT il faouT ao iI '>Iil vl r<'fl f;:rii<1'al 3' ;fl:f d tI'~ fa~'fa
'>I'll ;:1' ~fl <1a3 Hi~ <ie T"fli'jol ile' ~arl I Q'e ~1 >ii11 Rile i i'l ;]I'! f<1"
f~ ali fe~ ;'j f<'fl sT(! Q f fl9C I ~H 3i ~Rl ' '>ITII aii 3 ftlii~T(!l
~fil'>li "3 if~ I il '>I'll tfe a,Pe T~H 10<,1 Qal'l'o ~<I RHS;3 Ii "3 tie ile
1;I'qer ;} 3 1 '>1111 ~ '>I'lB?i >il~1 ~'H3 f<16 fl'a' ~H II"" i'l <1~'5 "a ~
Hr,f 5 tI'c T1;I'<11;:1T~ I lIa ia ..1 fj' '>I'll ~ f"'flBT fe~'~';:11 vi fa;'j
H01;!' Hal fOl'>l' 3; Ii' '>I'll ;:11 33, flo, Ill; (';'10 vo ~i ,,1 fl<1'fl!3' qaiOl'
"3 il '>I'll ~fl <1il/3 ..1 HBBT fos'~e ;:11 fl'Bl fuii~'Bl fllij fFlo i'l..<il 3;
'>Ifll' f<'fl 3' <:1 feo'a 0<11' aoiiji I '>I'll 3RI'!1 iii I il fla'" ~ 1I11 i!l
tlij-ij;:11 "3 ;]8' 0113' 3<'>IFll' vo 30 i tl aae'ol CiCIo <>en f3'>1'a vi I
" -
;'j ~Fli tfe ao'~l gtl 3i iJG 30l ..3 (';, OI~I~ gil "3 ile Oloi~, tit!
miiill 'lo! CiCI fe-e, Ii f:;:o <:1 Bi! ao'~e;:11 83 <Jij v'H3 f~ ;} I
Q'<! Be aBT(le o'H ~ 0..1' 'leI ii.Hel "iiel Fi'caH aa;;r ;:11 "ijc f""
f;]w ov1' H fl'lel Ii ia ..1 Be i:!i!Ol del B''llel ;} I Fi'caH aa;;r ~
1;ITatl ~e 3' Uf'lHi if a el B'\1 ilga Rel B'vlel ~ I J!HCl "Rei tia ",
'>IH'l53 ;} '>f3 f<'Fl ~ 330 1;jl aVIji! t' ifl8' ti'a 'i;:1 a<l flOlel ~ I
'>I'll ~ feu faall' aij(;l fOl Q'<! Bi! ;;r~<I "a,,' ~el I fa"3 ~el
'>1'0' !!<I'O' 8s ~ f<'fl ~ '>fil "I 1:!H3<11 or 01<1 ~e' I iiI'! t!l Hile' <l'53
3- 3<Ifl liai>', ii~ ""fl il fa ""11 iJG "iii! ilila lia<1' i'l~al I
'>I'll t!' fv~,
HarH fflU!
121
OI'~1;j'IiIH
IiJ ooaTe' fl'F<J!!,
ii: fll/:!
lim fl.q fl'f<J!!,
W 6illl'<JCH'c, 8'5a I
""11 til Q~!la Fe31 ;:rtt!1 il fli el8 =It-il-=lE ~
201 SO)!E CON FlDE>lTl AI. PA P ER S 0 1' TH E AKM .! MOVEMENT

<i-g' ft!OI ll'opfc;:!' >1HRT ,,13' fOl'>f' D f>1R f'?iJ 'l8Ll ~, <10 ,,5 a<1
liOl"fH,>!T milll woc o/-/- faf.!'.13 Ht!l f..<ior C/13' -jr"'>fT D fcR ll'a
fo;;r fcu '.11 U3' cfN D fil KfilRc~c ~8 ' [<>! ~ fe<r <ifljl)fT ee :3 3iiR'
fe'.1'ft!'>!' fOl'>!' ~ for e 3'alll ~ l:!OI" fj "T ~ RH' OIa ftl'3' >1 '~ OP I fl'
'>f'lj til ~ ft!u 91 fe3'~1 Ola"Te' <J i fO' f,,?;! li1"fH'>f i B f'.1<1'1 ~R5
i:!' oilaT' I '>f'R ~ f<l '>flU il\!o
0'8 R';;T al;:ja" flj'>fT i'Ilr: <irljl)fT <11 ;:jT
&t!1 tjaT uas a C/iJ it I
itfiSl E tJ~ ,,1 ~lla eel I

122
ConEidential
Lahore. 6th May 1926.
S. Shagat Singh asked the Chief Secretary at II A. M. over
the phone as to when he could see me. The reply came "whenever
he comes". So I saw him at I P. M.
I. He took notes regarding Kullar and K.huta Schools.
told him that their grants in aid were stopped or detained owing to
some workers of the school having taken part in entertaining the
Shahidl Jathas etc. The Management has since changed hands. the
Gurdwara Act had been passed and there was no earthly reason
why grants should not be given and continued for the future. The
Educational authorities had admitted in their remarks that the
tone of the school had improved and that the Management Committ-
ees were constituted of good men and were working in a
satisfactory manner. The D. C. wants the school workers to satisfy
Saba Gurb.ksh Singh. He may be a friend of the Government.
an Arch Sudh.rist and all that. but he. and his father before him.
have been at Icnger heads with San gats and enemies of the
 50}'!E COI'F lDEI'T JAL PArEIlS OF TI :E AT(A Ll MOVEMW';T 20.;

Singh Sabha Movement for the last forty years and we can never
satisfy him. The Government may choose whether after the passage
of the Gurdwara Act. it wants peace with people working the
Act or war with them for the sake of Baba Gurbaksh Singh. The
reply to this and other connected questions was that he shall look
into the mI tter and all that could be don e will be done to help
the schools if they were In favour of working the Bill. He said
that departmental papers have been with the Governor and that
the matter will be brought to his notice. '
2. I showed a copy of letters to the Home Secretary and
told him that double fines had been realized from 3 men of Chak
No. 63 lhang Branch. Lyallpur District. He said that my letter
had been sent to the Home Secretary on 22nd April. i. e. only
two weeks ago and that the name of the court was not mentioned
and that must be the reason for the delay I n not sending me
the reply. He said he shall write and expedite the matter but
if I wanted the matter to be attended to at once I should
'furnish him with the name of the Court.
3. I told him that one Charan Singh of Tehsil Fateh-lang.
Dist. Campbell pore. had suffered the sentence and yet his property
had been recently attached. He asked me the name of his village.
the Court by which he was convicted and 'the Court which has
attached the property. I told him that Bhagat laswant Singh.
my informant. had not furnished me with these details. He said.
on details being furnished. steps will be taken to withdraw the
proceedings.
4. I told him that proceedings were being taken against
men for old offences before the passage of the Act. He said
none will be taken. I told him yesterday Nand Singh of Amritsar
Distt. was arrested for a Diw.n in Beas lIaqa. He asked me who
had furnished me the information . I told him my friend Bhag.t
l.swant Singh. He said he was not arrested yesterday but 10
days ago. His companions were arrested and convicted, he was
absconding and had been arrested now in due course . when found.
206 SOME CO)(FIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AK ALl MOVEMENT

I told him that such prosecutions for old affairs after the passage
of t~e Act only kept the bitterness alive. He said, he wlli write
to the D. C. Amrltsar and tell him that Mehtab Singh wants the
case to be withdrawn, what has he to say In the matter. He
temotked that obviously there seemed to be no reason why
the case should not be withdrawn.
After this he asked me about my health and I told him that
liver complaint has been now added to hernia. He wished me
good health and recommended to me to . test at some hlll,tation
after five years strenuous war with t!le Government. On coming
out of the Chief Secretary's Office, S. Randh ir Singh of Kallaswalla,
M. L. C .. met me coming out of the room of the Education Minister.
He told me, "Sardar Sahib, in compliance with your cammands I
have Just seen the Education Minister about the Kullat School and
put the case before him very strongly. I have told him that
the Sikhs of Kullar can satisfy any body but not Baba Gurbaksh
Singh, their old enemy. The Education Minister has told me that
he will write and tell this to the D. C. , and that the local pleaders
and Raises at Rawalpindi should see the D. C. and tell him th is
also". I thanked S. Randhir Singh and urged him to advance
the case in future also and let me know what he Is doing In this
matter.
Mehtab Singh
No. 687/5/C Member in charge.
lahore, Dated 8th May 1926.
Forwarded to the General Secretary S.G.P.C. for Information .

123
To

HIS HIGHNESS MAHARAJA BAHADUR OF NABHA

DEHRADUN
3S/C
Your Highness nominated candidate for S. G. P. C. election.
 s :nm CO~FIDE~rr!\L P APEll S 0[' T H S AKALI MOVEMENT 207

Your case being very specia' , am desired to enquire IF your

Highness eccept nomination.
Sender; Daul.t Singh,
Missionary College , Amritsar.

124
Telegram
MAHARAJA SAHIB BAHADUR OF NABHA
DEHRADUN

Reference previous telegram your Hlghne .. ' name proposed

for Shlromni Committee. Your Highness case very special wire If
your Highness accepts nomination.
Shiromni Committee,
38/C Daulat Singh
24.5.26. Missionary College, Amritsar.

125
27. S. 26.
To
The Secretary,
S. G. P. C.,
Amritsar.
Sir,
Herewith I am sending the original copy of the statement
Issued by S. Narain Singh Vakil of Gujranwala and myself as
preliminary request to both parties in the Gurdwara movement
now at Variance. You will kindly do the needful by publishing
this statement broadcast and helping In the work of bringing about
peace.
Yours etc" etc.,
Teja Singh
ProfeS5or.
Khalsa College,
27. 5. 26.
~s SO~I.E CO~l'lDEN Tl AL PAPERS OF THE AKAL! MOV E MEN T

SEAl.

No. 4143/ 16
Dt. 27.5.26.
Press : Akal i. AkalltePardesi. Desh Bhagat. 'herePunjab.
Tribune C and M gazette.

126
27.5. 1926.
STATEMENT
In response to an Invitation by telegram sent to the
Arbitrators. we two came together at the Khalsa College on the
evening of 26th May 1926 to consider the advisability of adopting
certain measures preliminary to the starting of actual work of
arb itration. In order to prevent the aggravation of trouble and
to create the necessary atmosphere of calmness and peac~. we
th ink It ab~olutely essential to make the fo llowing request to the
parties at variance :-
(I) The general election of the S. G. P. C. should be post
poned indefinitely. If the Arbitrators are unab le to give award
with in 15 days of the first mee ti ng. the work of election may be
resumed from the point where It was left. with the same list of
elections registe red and candidates nom inated up to dat e. etc.
(2) All party agitat ion. whether in press or Platform . should
be suspended. In pursuance of this. we are wiring to the leaders
present at the Diwan held at Sargodha to desi st from taking part
In It or continue any propaganda against eac h other and a lso prevent
men o f their parties from doing so.
(3) All propaganda about hold ing the Sarbat Khalsa confer
ence shou ld be suspended.
Teja Singh
27.5.26,
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 2O'l

127

WIRE
For peace. general elections of Shiromnl Committee should
be suspended. as also propaganda holding Sarbat Khalsa conference
and party controversy in press and Platform. Suspend immediately
partaking hostile party propaganda and prevent others of your
. party from doing so. Announce this broadcast. A detailed statement
handed over to Shiromni Committee. Akall Dal and Press.
Teja Singh
27526.
Secretary Sikh Diwan Sargodha
President Sikh Dlwan Sargodha
Giani Sher Singh
S. B. Mehtab Singh
S. Amar Singh Jhabal
Cavesselur
Baba Gurdit Singh
Press.
128

From The Deputy Commissioner. Amritsar.

To The Secretary, Shlromani Gurdwara Committee. Amrltsar.
No. 74 of 15. 6. 1926.
Dear Sir,
In confirmation of our conversation this morning, I write to
thank you for promise that no bod,es of Sikhs would be despatched
to Rawalpindi to help the Sikhs there.
I am Informed from official sources that the situation at
Rawalpindi is well In hand and that order has now been restored.
You will agree with me that the despatch at the present moment
of any bodies of Sikhs to the scene of the riot would merely
aggrevate feelings Without helping to restore the peace. which.
as I have said, Is assured.
210 SO~I.E CONFIDEN TIAL PAPE RS OF THE AKALI MOV E MENT

I would be glad if you would inform me If you Intend to take

any action contrary to your assurances given this morning. and I
would be ooliged if you would inform the Sikhs of Amritsar city
that they should remain quiet and await news from responsible
sources.
129
42 C
D. C. Amritsar.
With referenc~ to your letter No. 74 dt. 15. 6. 1926 I have
the honour to Inform you that S. G. P. C. on hearing of the heart
rending news from Rawalpindi wanted to send medical aid for the
wounded. but on the receipt of message on phone from there
that the situation was reassuring and that no aid was necessary
in that way. It dropped that idea.
Besides this. the S. G. P. C. never Intended to send any jathas
from here nor It intends now to do so.
Mohinder Singh Sldhwan
General Secretary.
18.6. 1926.

130

"'(3 ir~o1

1l<i30' 1l>f<JtI.
d1;Jalil i?1"'?i "3 F!c0'5 ill''!.' t!l<1'n
Il'~ t!G3iJ f?";J fioly.,l ~ f<i '>f'1I ;fg' '>Iil til al! ~ I{ll>f<il5
3lt3 ll'f'1ll 3 <I!I1l' Be t!1l>f'3 f'<il ;:)81 di! ~81 ~. il fffi f'<>! 031
"i *.
30' ",11l;J'E1 () '>1111' ~ iiO' "(i15 '>f'l/ f~ aO' ~n' '>fl/"(i' tl031 ..
:.rail IlHS'e u' fa fea filUl <i1O''''el U!Ill tlaiit!l 5el ml3 ul"(il<i1iJa
Il~ ul 3 !jll>fa'5 3lt3 Il'futl t!l fJ~ a ;fill i?1 fea 50' fHll'5 <i1feH
a il'~i!Il. !3 ft1~ t!1 ii'>ft!tll "3 1;!n lICJ 'l!' <:1 '>f'l/ ;f/%' ul ~HfS'llfT
tI'~ al' 1 '>f'll ~ l>ffilil fIJH'''''O' ;:m .rs' fea filulll"!Ill l>f,!5i t!' ~ aO'n
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 211

""51 i5/"''1'~l t!' ;jcl i5/ ~1 flWu/' tiial ('i<Jl a ffilt!' 3 crT~'~l 3
ll'OTIil! '>I'll r~a "f'~'t.I (!o'~OI' 1
. B f~<J }l1!O ol :! 3 1 "f'll Il '~ 3all' f~'? fer '>I'll ~5' ~~1 fea
m<Jl Cf'CJ?Iel 0'11' 5c ~Bll>f3 II' '11 '>I'll t!1 f~ B<Jl cr'a~'el era?;
?If!'!''>I1 ?i'8 RH31 ~ I

'>IR1' f'U t!1 if .., f~il a031 crail <Ii fCl '>jTU f~1jl flW ~ f;1<J~
f~ f;:ml CI"'~'1!l CIao t!' tl30 010 afr <10, !ilil erao t!1 ill!5 eraol,
3'fer feFl fall~ FIN' '.fa ferif ijij icr;;s f;r.J ('i' i:FI tI~ I
(!3a ~l1F11 ;1c t!1 fcrau'53' eraoll

~lRJ

O'era rRUl tl0il5 Flc!3a,

.
ii. '>Icr'81 t!B, Rl.. lIifH3F1a
... I
131
7-7-26.

PRESS COMMUNIQUE No:

Unfair advantage has always been taken of the silence adopted
by the S. G. P. C. over certain matters in view of the panthic
weifare. Communications verbal and in writing have taken place
directly or indirectly between the Government officials and the
workers of the S. G. P. C. to obtain the unconditional release of
the Gurdwara Reform prisoners still in Jail. The S. G. P. C. has
observed silence because its attempts did not fructify owing to
certain causes for which the responsibility does not lie on its
'sho'ulders.
Sir John Maynard once .before and a second time now has
spoken words in the Punjab legislative Council which -have created
a good deal of misunderstanding in the minds of the Sikh public.
A number of communications have been received by the S.G.P.C.
workers from the members of
the public, who do not understand
212 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI ltOVEMENT

the tactical show that Sir John Maynard has tried to create in
favour of the Government at the expense of certain worke(s of
the S. G. P. C. There is n~ truth whatsoever in the statement that
the Government is not releasing the remaining prisoners in
order merely to protect the honour of S. B. Mehtab Singh and his
colleagues. As a matter of fact. the S. G. P. C. has assured the
Government in various ways that the release of prisoners will
strengthen the hands of the present workers In working the
Gurdwara Act and will not cause any obstruction to It. As a
sample. the folloWing letter placed in the hands of His Excellency
the Governor of Punjab on 27th April 1926 by Sir Ganga Ram will
show the real state of things and the position taken up by the
S.G.P.C. workers all along with regard to the release of prisoners : -
My dear Sir Ganga Ram.
In con~lnuatlon of our conversations and in response to your
express desire for the release of the reSt of the Gurdwara prisoners
including Sardar Kharak Singh. I wish to tell you that you may
assure His Excellency the Governor on behalf of the S. G. P. C.
through me that the Gurdwara Act is being Sincerely and whole-
heartedly worked by our Committee and that the release of the
above-mentioned prisoners. far from obstructing the proper working
of the Act. will strengthen our hands and further facilitate the
working of the Act by satisfying Sikh feelings. I do. therefore.
earnestly deSire that the Government would release the prisoners
as soon as pOSSible.
Yours Sincerely.
Mehtab Singh
for the President S. G. P. C.

The comment on this letter is unnecessary. The S. G. P. C_

has very unwillingly published this letter to satisfy the mlsunder-
nanding created by the speech of Sir John Maynard now a second
time. The Sikh public should be on Its guard and should not be
misled by speeches like this made by the Government members
 SO~E CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT 213

In order to carryon its deliberate policy With regard to the
Sikh situation.
Secretary,
Shiromnl Gurdwara Parbandh.k Committee,
Amritsar.
Dated Amritsar 7.7.26.
132

ii'll1:ill.'sll11l11
ii: B'l/Rl/4-t: 3 Tarn 4 '>IOIR3, 'tt'::1e.
>{lffTo Cia! ue ,)30 il'st!'a fllf<JII
R: \I;Jor MUI til,
\laH forau'B' til,
'>f'U ftla "3' t1\1~ R<J'O aa ii, '>fQf1B' l[cJ\I t!w ora for '>fIu;:r.}
C!)ali'l <Jlfal>fi ...l'>fi '>fIW R~ <Ii'! I '>ITA ~ fe<'i' QIlV f.l~' 31 '>fl\j ;hl
<)1 R<Jl Ro;'ff31 0'1'5 ijT<Ja '>fT ~ lie ...1 fllOlal <J'B'3 ~ f!318at I
>{lH'i'i til, '>flU ill ~ \l3 T<J1 ~ for '>flU BoTH ;t. <!!. IJ.. l'!. B
't'tteet-~o-'t ~ -e fiiR;r ll'lUlfiR <In I Hilt!' u'B'3 f~ l'i. or. B
gra U1i!ii \loti B't'1 3 \IOEI!! f.l" I' aa ~' '!!OtI'>ITfal>fi 3 ~~i t!l
tlTft't!'t! t!l f!;;'IB'O' 8'<'1 It! orB' HTft''>IT ...1 il~a3 ~ I ftla 3' 1iI3n Al
for '>fl\j til ~ rHO; ~ fe<'ii ll'llllf;;cR ua '>f3 ft'n: As!!l 8;;1'B orl:aTt.!' 3
t!mI3 oro~l B'E tI'<! \10 jiii' 0 ' fHS AfOlllll I
ii <rc IIU ill t!1 R~' f~ R: '>foilo fRUI ill u'tla ~ar I R '>fIll
ill g forou' ora ~ t.!gol or' o~'l!l orao ...1 iitlB' '''lwlill
'>fl1.I til -e e1R-
R<Jl/'IR3'a ff!U/ ~orfiar t{!Io
,!f<JEo MUI, tI(m~ Ri'l..
133
Agreement between Hiudu. and Sikh. regarding Bbai Pheru
We the representatives of the Sikhs and Hindus parties in
 214 SOME CONFI DENTI AL P APERS OF THE' AKA LI MOVEME N'1"

Counc il do agree that Bhai Pheru is a Sikh Gurdwara ana sHould

.remaln in schedule No. I. No amendment will be moved against
its remaining in schedule I.
The Sikhs agree that when the whole case of property
pertain ing to this Gurdwara has been finally decided in view of
the undertak ing they have given In the Council for the preservation
of Smadhs, they wilt be prepared to separate the Smadh from
the Gurdwara proper and hand It over to the Udasls. This document
Is to be kept secret till that time.

134
The undertaking given to the S.G.P.C. by the Sikh candidates
bolore their election a$ M.L.C.

I solemnly declare that : -

.(a) I shall abide by the mandate of the S.G.P.C. with regard
to all matters placed before the Punjab legislative Council concerning
the welfare of the Panth or of the Community and If necessary
I shall res ign my seat.

(b) I shall not accept any post in or under the Government

. without the permission of the S.G .P.C., or try to derive any benefit
from my pOSition In the Punjab legislative Council for myself
or my relatives.
(c) If for any reason, at any time, I find myself unable to
carry out themandate of the S.G.P.G., I will resign my seat.
(d) I shall conform to the cond it ion of being an orthodox
Amritdhari and wear the Sikh symbol, Klrpan, as required to be kept
by the .members .of the S.G .P.C. under the . Commlttee.'s rule No. 7.
. . .
Sd/- Candidate.
 iOME COr-;FI DENTJAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 215

135
The Private Secretary.
to His Highness the Maharaja Sahib.
Patlala.
Dear Sir.
There are various matters pending before the Shiromnl
Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee wh ich have connection with Patiala
State. The affair reo Malval Bunga at Amritsar. Bunga In Kesgarh
Sahib at Anandpore Sahib and the London Gurdwara are some of
these besides other Important matters.
In my opinion a meeting between His Highness the Maharaja
Sahib Bahadur of Patlala and some of t he workers of the S.G .P.C.
will facilitate the settlement of these matters. If you can therefore
arrange an interview for the purpose. Sardar Kartar Singh Diwana.
Captain Ram Singh .(both of Patiala State) myse~f and one or two
other of my colleagues will come over to Patiala to meet His Highness
to discuss matters. I shan feel obliged for any early reply.
Yours faithfully.
Mehtab Singh
Dt. -4-2-1926.

136
16-2-26
REPORT OF INTERVIEW
of
The Representative of the S.G.P.C. with H.H. the Maharaja
Bhupendra Singh
Sahib of Patlala on 16-2-26.
I. The Interview lasted for about -4 hours from 2 P.M. to 6
P.M . His Highness treated us w ith great courtesy and discussed all
the matters at length and In frank manner .
.2. After some prelim inary remarks about the relations of the
Phulklan States and especially of Patlala with the Panth. His Highness
proceeded to discuss the Malwal Bunga case. We explained how the
216 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

S.G.P.C. had liberated a great de,l of the property of Bung> from

people to whom It had been alienated and entrusted and endoY'ed
by the Phulkian States and Wishes to manage It for the benefit of the
public. At first His Highness was very reluctant but at last .greed
provisionally that a document should be drawn up declaring the
Bungas as having been endowed by the Phulkian State for the benefit
"f the public and that the right of appointing the manager was
vested In Phulklan States and that the S.G.P.c. may be appointed as
the manager to manage the Bunga and Its property according to 3n
agreed scheme of management. His Highness said that the final
decision would be made In the next interview sanctioned In the first
week of March or there abouts.
3. Kelgarh Sahib. The jagir of Kesgarh Sah ib and the
Patl.la Bunga. Anandpur. had been withheld for the last many years.
On our asking for its renew.1 and the payment of arrears. His
Highness ordered the papers to be called for and assured us that
all the dues would be paid and the jaglr renewed.
~. Kartarpur Sahib protection work.. High Highness
assured us that he would pay the S.G.P.C. the bal.nce of donation
of Rs. 2.25 .000/. orlginaly granted by him for the protection works.
5. London Gurdwara. We explained to His Highness that
although we had received an application for affiliation from the
Khalsa jatha London. the S. G. P. C. was not Inclined to take the
responsibility of completing the building and maintaining the
Dharamsala as the S. G. P. C. could not afford the funds necessary
for keeping It in proper condition worthy of the Institut ion.
The refore. we requested His Highness to take the responsibility and
supply the fin ances. His Highness seemed dis-satisfied With the
behaviour and activities of some of the persons who had been on
the management. and said that he told them that he would withdraw
his name and stop all financial ald. His Highness. however. agreed to
continue his help and connection. if the Dharamsala was properly
managed. He Wished to consult once more the Board 01 Trustees.
some of whose members are Sardar Man Singh, Vakil. Sardar
 SO,IE GONFlDE);T1AL PAPERS OF"THE AKALI MOVEMENT 217

Basheshar Sing!\, etc., and to let us know his definite decision in the
next meeting.
"6. We remineded His Highness of his Ardas of Rs.40,OOO/-
at the time of Kar SelVa, which had not been yet paid. His
Highness anknowledged it as a debt to the Guru which he consider-
ed a duty to pay, and said that he would do so after settling the
annual budget and the retrenchment proposals under consideration.
7. Control of State Gurdwaras: His Highness admitted
that it was his duty to improve and systemise the management of
Gurdwaras within the state. He would try to make the management
as good as possible, but he would not allow any outsld e Interferences
In his state.
8. Central Board; We requested that for the Central
Board the Durbar may nominate a fair proportion of persons who
.commanded the confidence of the Sangat of the State. His Highness
was very sensitive on this point and said that he would not agree
to creating a precedent for encroaching upon his powers of an
absolute ruler. At the same rime His Highness complained of the
inadequacy of the representation given to the State. On our pressing,
he (agreed to) discuss It With his cabinet.
9. We then appealed to His Highness to assuage the hearts
of his Sikh subjects and the Panth by ordering the release of all
prisoners in the State connected with the Gurdwar. movement, now
that the Act has been passed. His Highness very graCiously and
promptly said to Sardar Bah.dur "Alright, brother, I release them".
His Highness was kind enough not to make any stipulations. On the
contrary on our repuest he agree to most favourably consider the
question of restoring confiscated rights and privileges, if any, to
these persons. In our presence His Highness commanded the Private
Secretary to ask the Home Secretary to present a full list of such
. prisoners the next day and take the orders of His Highne .. . before
evening. We told His Highness that we could not stay at Patlala
another day on which His Highness assured us that orders would
certainly be Issued the next day and we need have no anxiety. We
2 18 SOME CON F IDE NTTAL PAPERS OF TH E AKALI MOVE MENT

expressed our gratitud e to His Highness for th is prompt and pleasing

response to our appeals.
In this connection we migh t mention that His Highness bitterly
complained t hat the Akalis in the State have been carrying on
political propaganda against him . We replied that was not one of
the objectives of the S.G .P.C. nor In any way connected with Its
programme of Gurdwara Reform. The S.G. P.C. could In no way be
respons ible for the act lo.ns of any irresponsib le individuals. But we
have no doubt in our minds that the persons whose release we have
asked for are genuine Gurdwara pr isoners and not connected with
conducting any propaganda against His Highness .
10. At the end of the conve rsat ion His Highness said that
after the fall of the La hore dynesty. the Ph ulkian States have been
the foremost Sikh power and compla ined that yet some of the old
$tanding phrases and expressions about his ancestors used In t he every
morning Ardasa while offering Karah Parshad for Patlala rulers
at Ha r mandar Sahib and Mukatsar Sahib had been dropped without
any reason. and that this hurt his feelings . We assured His Highness
that we did not know anything about It and that the S.G.P.C . would
make enqUiries and take necessary action. Then His Highness asked
us If S.G.P.C. would have any objection to his constructing a suitable
bUilding for th e Gurdwara Retha Sahib In U.P. We said. apparently
there could not be any objection by anybody to this religiOUS service
by His Highness.
II. His Highness mentioned that some local Sikhs of Moga Were
agitating aga inst the Khalsa School the; e endowed by His Highness
for the benefit of Sik h population there. and that If they had any
grlevonces. they ought to have approached His Highness first. We
said t hat we would request Sardar Tara Singh. M.L.C . to personally
see His Highness and place the views of the local Sikhs before His
Highness. Sardar Tara Singh has been Informed about It. After
so me ex pressions of mutual cordiali ty. we took leave of His Highness
and left Patlala the same night.
Mehtab Singh
No. 21 t C filed Kartar Singh Diwana
26-3-26. Bawa Harkishan Singh.
 138
LIST OF AKALI PRISONERS CONFINED IN THE SUBSIDIARY JAIL! BHATINDA.

Sr. Name of prisoner with 'p arentage Rema ining Property

Register No. Total Sentence. Date of Release. FI Sentence In lieu
No. and res idence.
Age. Crime Sentence. ne offine. confiscated or Remarks.
not.
I. Shamsher Singh s/o Dharam Singh of Nagri 42 I24!A 3 yrs. I yr. 2 m. 26 d. 2.2.84 Rs. 500/. 9 months Confiscated 6 Months more for
(Sangrur) I.P.C. Jail offence.

2. Bhagwan Singh slo Rur Singh of Longowal 3 36 do do do do do do do

P. S. sunam .

3. Dlwan Singh slo Khem Singh of Gidri ~ 40 do do do do do do do

P. S. Payal.

4. Mehar Singh sio Prem Singh of Charnaba 6 38 do do do do do do do

P. S. Sunam .

5. Kehar Singh s/o Anokh Singh of !alpura 7 2.2 do do do do do do do

P. S. Payal.

6. Chanan Singh s/o Hazura Singh of Jalpura 8 40 do do do do do do do

P. S. Payal.

7. Sant Singh s/o Kishan Singh of Patlala 9 34 do do do do do do do

8. Gurmakh Singh s/o Kahala Singh of Dalellngwala 14 24 do 2. yrs. 6 months. do do

P. S. Mansa. do do do

9. Pakhar Singh s/o Jawahir Singh P.S . Dlrbha 30 36 188/ IPC 6 mths. 9 m. 23 d. 29.8.83 do 6 month do

10. Kahan Singh slo unknown of P. S. Dirbha 31 65 do do Im.12d . 18.12.82 Rs. 200/ do not confiscated Now undergoing
sentence In lieu of fine
II. Panjab Singh s/o Khazan Singh (Sangrur 32 65 do do do do do do do do
State.)

12. Gurmakh Singh s/o Hira Singh of Nldampur 33 26 do do do do do do do do

P. S. Bhawan lgarh . -
13. Hazura Singh s/o Harnam Singh of Mauran 34 28 do do do do do do do do
P. S. Mansa.

14. Partap Singh s/o Budh Singh Residence 35 55 do do do do do do do do

unknown. ..
15.. Pritam Singh s/o Kishan Singh of Gaiar. 36 28 do do co do do do do do

16. Gurmakh Singh s/o Gu rdit Singh of Di r bha 38 52 IHA/IPC 9 months do do do do do 3 months more for
P. S. Dirbha. jail offence.

17. Amar Singh s/o Lehna Singh of Bhawanigarn 40 22 do 6 months 2 m. 17 d. 23. 1 83 Rs. 1001 4 months do

18. Kanala Singh slo Dhaba Singh of Ga lurmajra 41 52 do 9 months 3 m. 13 d. 23.2.83 do do do Now undergoing
P. S. Bhawanigarh. sentence in lieu of fine.

19. jaglr Singh s/o Unknown of Beguwal 42 23 do do 2 m. 17 d. 23 . 1.83 do do do

P. S. Bhawanigarh.

R. R. D. M. S. ( U. S. )
20.2.26 25.2.1926.
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL P APERS OF THE AKALl MOVEME NT 219 '

137
17-2-1926

..leTT!'B',
~ :GclIc, '1~t:"I.

Hf<JB H31 "1'01 ,

~: '1~,
3Tal" '19 :<fO~l, "Ie.
H'o ~ fClOll'~ llOt!'il "I<J't!il ';ll,

-. sF3<J I
I'll
. OIil
I'J.Hcl <!!a~IilT tJ.i\l!Cl Cifiel ~ tJ.UTo ';l1 3 ~ Rf<Jll'o t!1 !iliI
Hilt! ;'i @ot
... - ..
?i lIfe'>ll5 <J1tJa 5 Ciil I'll
..
'lot: utla
S>
H<]ia T';l '>lflla'il Hfd't!a
"I<J"'il '>1i's -1{3'1.11 I.R5lRil ';l1 t!111f<t3il R~' ii' ,,1, !R lIil ;'i f(l 'iot:
\lila ill ?i silH'O R't!il -':ilH'VI', !fI t!1 oCiB Hi! :Gat! ~t!11}(t;'j fou'
Ci13 aJ~ ;:ro, fe38 1;:r Bel '>llll t!1 Fi;,T f~ij <;[CiH '>lQfl1tJ Ytil ';lit!l :II
'>I'll t!' 12;; f;fua,
fI;:rl/ClOoB llOt!'a R'f<Ji
f;s(! ..ll
R: tI;:r't!il F/: Hf<J3't! fF/' UI,
tJ.U1o f.i.. '!!, tJ.. CiHel,
rirfl.t3Ril I
139
D.O. No. 3968/P
Patiala.
C.F. 2nd March. 26.
Ill C
13-3.26.
Dear Sir,
I acknowledge your confidential letter of the 25th ~ebruary
1926. His Highness is leaving for Central India this week , It is,
2:!O SO~1E CO:-l fID S:-ITI AI. PA P E RS OF TH E Af( ALl M JVE E ~f :-l r

consequently, I regret to state, not practicable to fix a date for Sardar

Bahadur S. Mehtab Singh's Interview ti ll His Highness' return to
Patiala In the last week of this month ,
Kindly request S.B.S. Mehtab Sing hj i to come on the 29th
March for an audience at Patiala.
Yours truly,
(Sd) Rafiq M. Khan
Private Secretary
Patiala.
To
Sardar MOh lnder Singh Sidhwan
Secretary, The Sh iromn i Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee,
Amritsar.

140
Copy of the letter to the Private Secretary to His Highness
the M'a han ja of Patiala.
13/ C Dated 19-3-26.
With reference to your letter No. 3968/P Dt. 2-3-26. I have the
honour to say that an important meeting of the General , Committee
of the S.G.P.C. has been fixed for the 28th inst. and may be
prolonged to 29th. I will be exceed ingly obliged if you very ' kindly
bring this to the notice of His Highness the Maharala Sahib Sahadur
and arrange for another date for the Interview with His Hlghness_
Hoping to he excused for the trouble and to be favoured with
an early reply.
Yours sincerely.
Mohlnder Singh
General Se~nnr)'
Please address on the follOWing
Mohinder Singh Sidhwan,
Co Pardesi Malwa Press.
Amrltsar.
 SOME CO)lFIDEN TIAL PAPERS OF THE AK ALI MOVEMENT 221

141
No. 5377jP Patlala.
27th March, 1926.

Dear Sir,
With reference to your letter 13/C dated the 19th March I have
the honour to reply that His Highnes~ - the Maharaja Adhira, will be
pleased to give your Committee an interview on the 4th or 5th of
April next. Kindly let me know beforehand the t ime and date of
your arrival at Patiala.

Yours truly,
(sd) Rafiq M. Khan
Private Secretary.
Patlala.
To
S. Mohlnder Singh Sldhw.n
C/o Malwa Pardesi Press,
Amr it .. r.
File 22jC
30326.

142
The Private Secretary.
To His Highness the MaharajaAdhiraj.
Patial
1st April. 1916.
23/C

With reference to your letter No. 5377/P dated the 27th of

March 1926, I have the honour to inform you that Sardar Bahadur
Sardar Mehtab Singh. Sardar Kartar Singh Dewana, Sawa Harkl.han
Singh. Captain Ram Singh and one or two other gentlemen will reach
Patiala by 9 A.M. train on the 5th of April 1926 for an Interview-with
222 SOME CONFIDENT IAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

His Highness the Maharaja Adhlraj.

Yours sincerely.
M. Singh Sidhwan
General Secretary,
Shiromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
Amritsar.
Address for further correspondence : -
Mohlnder Singh Sidhwan.
Ram Chandee Court, Cooper Road.
Amritsar.
143

From Sardar Arbel Singh. Secretary, Gurdwara Committee Kapurthala

To Sardar Bahadur Mehtab Singh. President. S. G. P. C.
Randhir College.
Kapurthala,
20th February, 26.
My dear Sardar Sahib,
S. Dalip Singh was here yesterday and he duly conveyed to the
Chief Minister your desire to see His Highness the Maharaja Sahib
Bahadur.
The Chief Minister has directed me to Inform you that His
Highness will be pleased to see you on the forenoon of Thursday
the 4th March.
It would be advisable for yourself and friends to reach here
some time on the evening of 3rd March.
Kindly acknowledge the receipt of this letter by the first
mail, and also please Inform me of the names of the friends who wiU
accompany you here and the time by which you will be arriving.
With good WI~ .. es.
6/C 22. 2. 1926.
S. B. S. Mehtab Singh , Baw. Harkishan Singh. Bhal Payara Singh 2nd
S. Balwant Singh will be coming to have an interview with H .H.
on 4, 3. '926.
 SOM E CONF IDE NT IAL PA PERS OF THE AI<ALl MOVEMENT 22;1

144
From General Secretary S. G. P. C .
To Prof. Arbel Singh JI, M. A.,
Randhi r College, Kapurtha la.
25th February.
Dear Sir,
Thanks for your letter dated 20t h February 1926.
In reply 1 have the honour to inform you that the following
gentlemen will leave Amritsar by Calcutta Mail on the 3rd of March
1926, and will alight at Jullundur City ;-
S. B. S. Mehtab Singh
Bawa Harklshan Singh, M. A.
Bhal Piara Singh
Sardor Balwant Singh
and one or two other gentlemen.
145
D. O . From Sardar Arbel Singh to S. B. Mehtab Singh.
Rand h Ir College,
Kapurt hala,
13. 4. 26.
My dear Sardar Bahodur,
The Diwan Sahib Is not in Kapurthala
As soon as he returns he re I w ill speak to him on the subject.
I happen to know that the thing will be decided on o r about the
16th. So I shall wr ite to you on the 17th or about. I trust It shall
be as you desi re.
W ith good w ishes.
24/C
146
From S. Mohlnder Singh Sldhwan , General Secretary S.G.P.C.
To Prof. Arbel Singh, Kapurthala.
Confidential
l2nd March
My dear Professor Sahib .
I am sending herew ith by special messanger a fornial letter
224 SOME CO NFIDENTIAL-PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

addressed to His Highness reo the Gurdwaras' Defence Fund . with

covering letter for the Diwan Sahib. Kindly have these delivered
and try to get us a very favourable and early reply, if possible
before the 26th.
Bawa Harklshen Singh will stay for a few days waiting your
reply with interest.
147
Confidential.
Fn.m S, Kartar Singh Diw3na, President S. G. P. C.
To Khan Bahadur Diwan Abdul Hamid Sahib, M. A., O. B. E., C. I. E.,
Chief Minister, Kapoorthala. -
ISJC 22nd March (26)
My dear Diwan Sahib.
May I request you to kindly present the enclosed letter to
His Highness and get his orders at your earliest convenience. for I
understand that His Highness Is going abroad very shortly 1 Under
the commands and with the full approval of His Highness you
have so often during the past five years exerted yourself in the
Interests of Gurdwara Reform and Panthic welfare and have brought
credit upon the Kapoorthala State. I do hope that you will also
cry your best now to get a good contribut ion for the sacred object
of the Gurdwar.s Defence Fund. which m.y inspire other benefa-
ctors with emulation.
Thanking you in anticipation.
Yours sincerely,
Sd/- Kart.r Singh Diwana
PreSident.
Shiromani G. P. Committee.
148
Confidential
c.
From S. .Kartar. Singh Diwana President S. G . P.
To His Highness Shrl Mahar.j. Jagatjit Singh Sahib, Bahadur.
G . C. S. 1:, G. C. I. E. Kapurthala.
14/e 22nd March (26)
May it please your Highness,
A number of representatives of the S. G. P. C. h.d an Interview
 SOME CONF IDEN TIA L PA PERS OF TilE AKA Ll MO VE MEN T 225

with your Highness the other day In order to convey to your

Highness the deep appreciation of the S. G. P. C. of the great
sympathy evinced by the Kapoorthala Darbar for the reform of
the Sikh Gurdwaras and for the consistent efforts made by the
Oarbar to help In the solution of the Gurdwara problem and to
bring about amicable relations between the Si kh community and
the British Government. They also brought to the kind notice
of your Highness the fact that very large funds would be reqUired
by the S. G. P. C. to prosecute and defend lawsuits and proceedings
regard ing the numerous Gurdwaras and endowments that are to
be brought under Panthic control according to the provisions of
the Gurdwara Act and that the S. G. P. C. had opened a
Gurdwaras' Defence Fund for the purpose solely and wished that
the beginlng shou ld be made by your Highness. Your Highness
very kindly assured our representati ves of your desire to help
In this Important matter. May I hope t hat your Highness will be
pleased to make a contribution worthy of the great House of
Baba Jassa Singh and favour me with a reply before Your Highness
leaves India 1
I may be permitted In the end to thank your Highness for
the courteous and cordial reception given by your Darbar to our
representatives.
149
From Sardar Bahadur Mehtab Singh, President S.G.P.C.
To Sardar Bahadur Indar Singh , Farldkot.
No.2/C
My de.r Sard.r Bah.dur II,
I and some of my co-workers on the S.G. P.C. wish to meet
and discuss ma tters concerning the Panthlc welfare with you. I shall
feel obliged if you will kindly fix some place, date and t ime after
Shahldl rair Nankana (nnd Instant) at which we could see and talk
over matters with you .
You rs very sincerely.
Sld- Mehtab Singh
13-2-26.
226 SOME CONI'IDENTJAL PAPEt<S OF THE AKA LI MOV E l>lli)lT

150

Confidential D.O. No. 2828-U

From Sardar B.h.dur Indar Singh.
To S. B. Hehatab Singh, President. S.G.P.C.
F.ridkot.
Dated the 21st February, 1926.
Dear Sir,
In acknowleding receipt of your letter N,. 21C dated 13-2.1926
I regret that I am unable to invite you and your conferers to visit
Faridkot State as it might be misinterpreted. the State being under
minority.
Yours sincerely,
Indar Singh.
9jC
CfF
Noted_

151

Confidential.
From Sardar Bahadur Mehtab Singh. President S. G. P. C.
To the President. Farldkot State. Farldkot.
25th March (26)
19j C
In continu.tion of the Previous correspondence I beg to say
that the representatives of the S. G. P. C. desire to see you with the
express object of securing the release of Akali prisoners now in
Faridkot jail in connection with the Gurdwara Reform Movement of
which S. G. P. C. had been advocate and the custodian. The object
of the interview being open. express and above board. no possible
misunderstanding can arise by your granting such an interview and
nor does the minority of His Highness the Maharaja Sahib Bahadur
affact the matter in question in one way or the other as the Akalis
in question were convicted and are being detained in the State
 SOME CONFIDEN TH L PAPERS OF TIlE A1<ALl ~IOVCMCNT 227

Jails during the tenure of the council of Administration of which

you are the President. Hoping that you will very kindly consider
the matter and send a favourable reply to my request.

152
To
The President.
Shlromanl Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
Amrltsar.
Dear Sir,
Keeping in view the political pl ight of the country and having
great regard for the S. G. P. C's services to the Public. I hereby
promise that I will not sell foreign cloth fifteen days from hence.
I further promise that in future I will rigidly corry out the wishes
of S. G. P. C. In this behalf.
Yours faithfully,
Sd l Naslruddln
Manager.
I st Nov. 30. Muslim Cloth House. Lahore.

153
Amritsar,
12.3.1934.
My dear Kishan Singh Ji,
I wrote to you an urgent letter a few days ago to come and
help me In Patlala Inquiry, but you have not replied yet. Bundles
of urgent and valuable papers are reaching me. I believe we shall
be able to sack the devil of Patlala. The only thing needed Is
reliable friends to arrange the papers, S. Thakar Singh has not
(ome so f~ r. The inpulry committee has been delayed by two days
and tney will reach on 15th Morning. We hope your boy will be
out of danger till then. Even If there be some danger to the life of
the boy, you can leave him for the sake of the Panth and entrust
him to God 's care. You can well imagine my plight, I am surrounded
228 SOME CO !<FIDENTJAI. PAP ERS OF TilE. AJ<ALI MO VEME !'IT

by persons' whom I cannot trust, whil st I am In a position to

strike a (atal blow at the enemy of the Panth. if some paper is
lost, you will certainly be blamed (or not coming to my rescue In
time. Kindly see your way to come and stay here (or a fortnight.
Yours sincerely,
Sd/- Tara Singh
Certified to be true copy
Sd/- Kishaon Singh Master
Kapurthala.
signed in my presence.
Ganda Singh
Director o( Archives.
28.4.56.
155

flPli'o fap'/'ol foij;!o rillll, fli" H~CSl. "'' lI'O'

GoI<1'3' fCll)f1J'l3
l!';!ilElS', "lila (J'HilI~l'>l' <PEl Il~ CS iff!31l2 il faTf'ol o'<N fRlII
>ii31"o 'iljoR<1a', "ff~3IlCl ,,1 f","' 'HQWO 94 "'~I'S '1C'lCl ~ fCSll it
ftf,!, I

~3 Ho-e llmn -Hot fu'l!1c;

Ho' tlDH rtf" H~cs1 f(J'>llI13 all(J<!CS' ,,' ~ I li;! WI'S t!1 'H<1IlEl'
(l,i:J H~ ~I)ff 1 fli" iju;a'~, 3'<llj'o' ~.'lo, fi:J CS I il'l%tra f<1i:J '>lIU<! iiI'S
is ",'e I H(Jlli;;51 f<1ft!'H' iia ~~ dEli Ro qc'l'l3a Ha' EI\!3' IIH'
ER <:11 fli" f<1il l%flll'H' I '1c'l'l f<1il H,Vo'il' 0'5 ' tiiiJfHe t!l Hoil1 0'5
3lj~' ~31ij ilIe I ~~l f.. o1' H' iiuI<J'e of5,,' III I ~ii ''>lo/lcsl 'l.;!1l1'
I)fll'El'o '>l1 ~'t!I III I r,m f<1i1 H<:I'iJ'il' 0191 ~<1 tiiafHe <1B' 5fE ti'il f'<go
a;!8t!'iJ Rl1 fCSlt cre q~ 110 I H' ,"lj;Fa '>fIft! 3' 1)f3 3a 1)f'lI ~el ii
50 OlE1 fEa mUll i;= 1I~.. ii 1l<!:1-
@-
" !' iit'll
-
111 I
H<j'a'il ' Ol~ ~ liiIHH ~ F.tH<!:l Olfiel?; 33 ~ <:11 I)fIU~ <lEi f<1i:J
is fcs'>fl <I >iislo a13 1 fa fl1ll Hm i lEI'liiJ lEI i H: o'~ t!1 <:IHBOt!l <1i'i'
 154
Copy of entry No. 86 from the Jaglr Register pertaining to Shaheed Gunj Lahore Distt.

II 2 3 <4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 I I~-I 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Description of present holder Details of Jagheer etc. Description of Grant Opinions

-

Sr. I Name Age

I Caste I Tolooqah and
Name of
village or Estimated
Cash Total of land Name of
Date 0 Name o( original gaurante.
Nature of
Abstract of Sund or Explanatory remarks
Of the settlement Ofthe Of the Financial
F.ther's name Residence annual origin, and the state of occupancy eVidence as to with detail of
No. Purgnah quantity of allowance and cash original , Grant. Officer: Commissioner Commission.
value grant with relationship of possession. shares.
\ land or r granter.
Inumber of
suecessive occupants.
I
- ~-
wells I ~ ~-
I

86 Jeewan Singh 70 Chagah Singh ~ Rora Shahid Ganj, Talooqa Purgna Claimed by 5 5 Claimed About a Original gaurantee Endowment No Sund Is produced This land ha, been I would grant I concur.
Zilla Lahore. Lahore. Halidar. " grant Sardar century. Chagah Singh support of. but the Village Lamardar held maf for a long in prepetuity for
Gurdit Singh
Lehna Singh 50 years. Gurdwara at attests the possession on Sharer. period. Hr. Davis support of the Sd. J. lawrence.
Hoonde Bhungee. Shaheed Gan). from half a century. recommen<led that Gurdwara.
Gu)ran Jeewan Singh It should be main-
2 Ghoos the present incumbent The Lambardar states tained in perpetuity,
3 Kanals this to be a grant of for the support of
Note; Jeewan Singh is a Granthl In charge of a (2 Acres) 50 years. Sardar Fateh Singh Ahlu- the Gurdwara.
Sikh Institution called the Shaheed Gun) obtained walia made SO y.ars .go.
in the Suburbs of Lahore. by
measurement
He holds Village and land valued 2 Ghoose
at an estimated amount of R,. 650/- of 6 Kanals
which Rs. 150/- worth of land has been 8 Marla,.
maintained in perpetuity.
~? !I!l;\ I IEV~ H~ llOS ~,2 ~Jlol g g~ l:! '(i I~g EC!a 1[>1.< Ene I IlEJE
? lOS!,<?s! ltI [>~ ~ R,I [>aJ I JiP~ c.!i!E ~ ~ft [>U! ~I!! ~C ~!!'2
!lBJ 'Il tag 1I=-l~ la~. ~c.! g !!lin ~lalll. t~ E!2J [>,I! ~J 1lI!JAa g ~~
{! II! ~l I!n '1lll?J tali [>,I! g,l! ltI [> IE !~[>Jn I ~l1J ~l1J i.! IJ
IntiJ lS() ~ltl! I !.2AI !.2l'< g,l! 2,:ili. ,1I!E2 lE~ lH? 2:il e "aJ I gill
~'l! ~!;! l!tIlI!lj! '!!J2aEl2 .ltl! 't!! '[>!!J g !![>,s l!al!< I!eks
I,l2JJ!
,~,~ la ,ERea ~ ~oE l[> gg "aj ,l~1 ,e[>jna ~ Ie~ E1I!? I ttl
n~n la 1!11!? l[> ~ 2'2 [lOJ,l ,g !<B?t1 ,!/.2 !lntiJ ~ I ~,l:1 , 1! ,l~
~illi! 2~ ~ e[>Jna !<aJ t!-a ~ ~g ~ll!2j Enl!gt:~: ~ !!HE ,lHI I uffij
IEA aJ ;lOa l~.J.e ,? I2ll?tI ~'2 jE1I!1l 'l!! l2 ,!;< E!2J is!l!J !lntiJ lliJ1 .
H,ll !<aj t!-a I Jlaj'2IH~J ?I!'2 i!,1! l!2J ~.!! H,!< ,i!n,1 l!2J IntiJ Ellii!l!
Il!Jell:'H ll!afi!'S ~ 'Ii 2Il2S ,!;t I G ll<ill!J g ,!il2l! ?!;! !.21 1E,hE! hE!
,ll.,!! "aj ,a ,lntiJ lli() leJ 11aJ!! H~iIH ~ ~n I ,IlI!J lin lli 2IJEHJI!<
l& 'O):lJ IP !!<SJ ,g ~Hoa ,En ~ tI~J ,ji I ,1E!JRll. (!H!!) 1!~21
,i! !<!!~ J2!! g El!al: !;t i'l! 'll! ,al! ,a~'E~ e,.2 l~ ? .:;>.e~ ee
,12 J2t:1la!, le2j m,s ~ life l[> !.2ol ,!;t I ,III!J !! Ham Il!I!t! ? tan 2~ ?
~Ha ,aJ 'IJ~ I 'Eoaj l!.e Hill lEt! ,a !/lO,l! li~ ~ ~ lJaJ ~ lln!!J ~
gi g l2t!1e li'H}I !!ill!<? j!<.aJ ~? I G ,!<Ee Jl !! E.~ !!g g,l!S la
,n 1t!!1 eaJ i!! eJ ~ UliJ !!Ii ,~IJ~ g ll! ,1J~Ml ~ ,!,l En I Glall!
lEl~ !lBj~ ta i'll~ In l!,!'l! !!~ ~ Ee Jll2,llJ !lta lE2!! ll.() c?
.~ l!2J ,,,,II. Ell'I!!j '!!lJtelj! ,!!,laefe l~!;t ?!;! EJ 'l"EJn l!.2j !!,!!Ill
!<aJ t!a I ,l<!ej ,I IJn'2 g,!!,n~ ,!;t ~ i'!! lEn,HIJ la !<I2la
I,laJg ~ l!}! l!J!l j2E l~ !<'2la ,~J 11!~ i.! In ~!.ll
I V'~J I!E B() ,I!!! l2llll l~ .2,n a~1 ,1;1 glJ,:" IJaj 'ttl ,a ,? l!.e ,~&
!l.n It.Rl ~!;t I 'El~ nl}h Ii! !<'2la E[>JB ea~!l g jill!!) c? ~1l[>JE
l'.a~11. 2,IlJ<. H~l! i.! l2t!E li!H~ I ~,I! '11<J'3 leE l~ H!l H~ i.! e.
2.HJI!!!! &2J 1\1.,2lC! ~ 11!ru 11!~ I i',1i tJ!! !!,ael e.
l~'[>ll. EFI La 12
~I lC!!3!<j La l~.Ji2aj~ lal! l:U12 &.2 1!!Ja..[>H ~ Ej ~
,,~ &2J 1ll:!J I i',n lI!~ ~ ~t:;lb I'.a?tl ;I ~E .2.n f'.,!'l! ~ l!S?ll

6,," ~Nm~,r.\ O I~ nV}IV mn dO S~::rd Vd ,V\l.N::ra UNOJ m~ os

230 SO~IE CONFIDE}(TlAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMEl-;T

il ~ fFla 30! FI~ CllJ~ 85 0'8 .a <Ill? I

,h,l iT! ~i'! iT! Bill lJdI '>IFll' O.!ae~'a' fiEil R'f<JEI ':!i'i I deS' ~ftfl'
3' ~ij 8'8~c tI<II"l ?it.lal \It'1 I ~!;" fRW ~lJa <J~ 3 ~o! tI'~ ~ftfl'
fa ~ fA\I'<Jl ~or 113 ~ <Jo 13 iT! a't'kw ~o: ii3 f~i:J <11,,11' iiel1i
<10 I ~: fFlw' ft'<I <1'8 '>I' il "fFll' 3' orel l-!O;Jg fRw ""~c 8ill fa
<J15 a't'10:8' B '>I't'lE lJa fR'>I'< fl'iw ~ FlI-!!;"'~~ 3 ~<I fRW ft'R a1H
3' \!a <Ill? I ~ij' iFll' O.!a,,~'a' ar<llRd ~ <J'5 \I'@ I <5,.1 <5,.1 <I~' <JHc
aa~ fFllJTU1i' ~ 01'" ~ lisfill>fT 5ft''>f1 Fll I iFll' fag ~'W lJ'FI' ffi3 ~
FI~a ~ f~<J ,,1 Rf<l;'i Flf<Ji'! Olat'~,ij ~t'a tI' ,,~ I ft'<J Ril"a 6f~;! ~aill'
ul ~ I \I'el <ij~ <ij;j ijf'ft''>f1 5~iJI1 I li'el f..<J lia t ~ <f;!'~ ~ fFllJ'<Jl'1{'
,,1 ol'" 8H" fe31, \10 '!c I!G <11 0/1 Flat" Fll ~u ;:fa - 1-!!!iT! af<J <Ill? I
'>fF!l' EI~ ii~ 3' Rl <11, 8F1, okf,,i' FI'a ole ~ '>f' Ba lJ'ft'l>fT I 00
..
o<ll'ii el Be ~ Fl'3 ;l<jJlft'I' I Io -. ~,i'lila1
. <I'tl3i valii
'" Clair ft'Ao'o
0/13 I liHR <'H' o'irll'el iic aa ir ~t'1 >ifea!!' fRw 8TUd' o<ll tl' Flat!'
Fl1 I f"R aa~ Ct]a'1'>f'ii ~ 0'8 fa5 ""8 v'll ..H te1'>f' Elfuc <"Fl3
~e v?: iil? Flo, \?Ci' fii!;J <11 fFfw iel <!f5~ Flo 3 f>'&' fHel v' ir \!a
ftf-il Flo I faB ~ lJffil-!l VIR aJCt'~'>f1ii 3' 8'<la ~ 8' ~ '>fii3 \1'0 e'
,{'il. Cl8' 5f"",' A1 I A' '>fii.. \1'01 Ri, ft'FI <"R3 H' '>fii" \1'0 ~'R3
'>fuol ll<" ilA aa fe31, A'I-! ~ at.! '>fii" \1'0 il ?;;1 u1 ,,1"'0 Rile', filFl
fii!;J aTaflle ~ 3~ ii!31ii ,,1 Rtf3 foilel ,,131 il l el Fll I ~' ~ ii!~ ara~o
F.LJ-R:l Ct] - '{~Q" aile1 ~ ~ A'8a Ro I ft'll FI: oc;'i1:l fRw til foA..,e'a
<IIot!'Fltial '>f3 ~il FI: Ct]o<lllA fRw til Po I ~~' FI: ';101 30"<11 o'H &I-!
fo<!'<J oii Flo I l?! '>f,ft''>f i FI'~ iit'l ~ f3'o ft'o <J1 iil? 5~ uo for c%illa
'>fo \lfua' 5 f<lll', va <l'ilo131 ~ l:!ll ot:ir fiiUl R'H;(i8 fBO el 301
Ola'.!.. ii ~ ~"" lrar3 8" ir .,j~ <J1 e'H' H~ til, lJoR'e' 8~ ill, alJ'
HI? ill '>f,f" lig ~i:J1 \?<Jl afde q~ RO , 3'fa liBFI aol-!<Jra1i' ~ R'~
~t' ", V3' 0' BoT fll >ift'a a'Ao l:!1l fill'>f1 ;) I ft'll feo liHFI ~15' '>Ill
8i:J' ~ A'I-! ~a R: OIi:JElllA fRW ill ii fN fH<Ja fFfw o'Hl fR"w ~ ftio1
~ ir 8'<Ja OR' fe3' I ~FI filol R<J fmtfi' Al fa -fRUli \I'FI a'Ae l:!i1
fill'>!' il I ile EI'uaa fRw' ~ V3' Bill' fll ~t'ag fR'w 1l;!'~ ae all uo
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKAL! MOV EMENT 231

31 @ol g- fel'l ~l'l ,,' aT", f3'>1'o l'l13' 1I,!'@e ,,1 f"@'3 fe<J 'R"lel
- .. I _ _ _

fl'l tisl mUll t!' ill!' 35~ 8'lelo .. 8' '>I'~ I ,:!8"il t?jt fi T;io ~ilIll
\1<J '>I<ii' i/Ul31",1 lI' ii lif<J ,Fe :3 H'er tI'o:! I 1I8"'" \10 1 ?; H'oo fa~
- - - ... a

qS H'~ilIl, ~ i33e lI'i'! aN' '1:er8"l tlli' ("'<[ tlS') S'eUC <R!l'l "1,,,;
)
iirol'>1i ara"'>1'3
-- >i/"o liB'
- B~ I ;OJ <1a ..l lI8'"
- Hl'l'li8'
- l'lOo 8\!1 '>I,~
3i ~'" fi 1l53a' (,pari) e 3a 3al ar~ 6fl'l'e ill'! I fi liel 5e1 lll'llH
e e
1Q",'a f~' <Jl 5fe"fT ~el 0'3 f~ 0 ~ a~ 8CT liar tiS'l fRUli ~ a8"~
8 'el,,1 ell ~ ;OJ''l'o' artl'fe'>l' I liR i:a l'l1 III 1I8"R1 or3 I,,' ?; "a30 .h1 I
, I _ _ .. :::;

to! ~U/31'>1i lI' 8el'>l' I \f8'" 3 ~o! fi H'er,,' F,!g l'ler F113' 3 li<;!3
H'Fer'>f1 I ~a ~~ lI'i! ~a8"l Hi; ~ !R lie <l!er~a'a B "ij3.e iiF,,' li'ahri
faB' ,,1 >ilea5 mUli ~ l'lel'l ,,1'>1i iial'>fi "a3' Ft!'31'>f1 I e", uri! a8
f01~cl 3 li;l f"'lI'<Jl ~ Illel H'erl, tlla' '!:S' ,!8",'e ella '>f'e I '>f3 '1:<181
tf!j, <;1'! fa<J8' ii Far'>l' Ill, fe", 8\!1 fell Hil 3 '>Il'l8tl'0 (fi~) R!>'8" 8"e

:3 '>IFlll'l'ol' ~ r:iiill3' '>I~",rcr ;::i tl' ..0'3' fif3' '>f3 '>I'll Il'a IJ:~ Fol'l8 ore I
f"o "F3'>1' 3i '>IR1' ElFtI"', Fl'l l'lell18"Rl'>1; ~ uc1'>1 i lill1'>11 5el'>li Flo I
1!8R ~ 0'3 ", <1<;13 01"" Rl, Fe", 8el f~ "'!O Il'o \f8"FI ~ li'<Jo ,,1..'0
'>fIlS'o fi wo' lI' f8'>1' '>f3 ,,1"'0 f.." ii3 MUI' ;;1' lI''!l 3l'l ii" l'l3
Ft!'3' I ~i! f"o li'<Ja' ;;11..'0 '>IRa'o -3 '>Ili~ lI'o t!' ~ar lic' ",1 I fe",
5el <l!3~'>f,ij .,j'BO"5 ffl'uli ~ l'l3'<J l{w" ,,1 ear f3'>1'er <1131 I fel'l ~
Il'a liri fa" a'3 ,,1 '>Irell'lcl'l "l'>fi '!:S' ie/51'>fi (~arc1>w) f3'>1'CI l'l3
& ijoi lI' f;;131'>1 i I '>f-3~:3 l'l3'<J 1{f.!'" lI' f\!3 1 I ftl'>fTC? fe<J R1 fl'l
l!'<Ja'"5 'lC?FI1 wi! fat! '>f'e FffUi li",m1'>fi ~ '>1\101 ~t'a \lao' l'l3 <5coJ I
lICI 'l51l ?i Il: Ojaf,,'>f'5 MUI '>ff",,,,~' e f01KfoRitca o'!>' e <;!l'lH 0'5
t<J eill "la'o '>1'1<1'0 3 01 1!iR': fe"31 I l'l3'<:1 l{1:1''' 3' flio' <Jl '>fii.,- lI'o
t!' ~ar lI,fe'>f' fill'>l' I f~R lliiF.l'<Jl <;!l'lH f~ll Il: o'!i'ill fi'rlll foll'C?t!Tii
e
?i <l!~'>f1a ii3' 3 tl8 ~ fel'l f,,8" f<J8'\! Illll" l'l131, filR f,.i3 l!'<Ja'
,,1"'0 '>fm!'o :3 fUia 5fe'>li fRUI; fi liIe/ll) f"..,fe'>f' fl'l '>IRy,.l feCI
liiiH5 l!tI <J,,3'5 3t1 i <ij I l'l3'<J l{f.!'" 8;" Q3 Be l'lCl ii <;1e li'<J3 ,,1
.
. li;;l~ '>fRl '>ie38 f!lUl aro,,'>I'i! - fiO" lI'o '>Ia!> l'laT<ij I
Ii' ,.1 fBO <:11 Ili I fell 8~1 fel'l Ii' '>f3 f3"0 53 ffl'ul, fil?ji f""
232 SOME C O~FmE~TJ"L P"PERS OF TBE AKALl MOVEMENT

.:i ,Pall 110, i~ \f'o ...FT3 ~ ore I i<f~ ljIo iail'TFI' OIaiii ilas 0/0
fil'3' fali' I '{.as -e ~';] ,{,"'t!' 3' fllO' iil'CB fRUJi ~ fo/ll Da il11'1
7; Ii;] 0' H'fel)fl I fBO -e ~ 10;'1 -e HijJ~ijJ lIBlll tI';! 1'I'UilB fFfuli?;
= - - ""
f0].63'a 0/00 ...113 110mi'll ii"iii i' aJ~l I flllllt i; <la t t!'hf i aU!"lii \f'
Hel'>!! lIa tjHIl ~ ~f~ii 0'5 aUJ;lI'>!! 1i[~ ,.~, "iii mf~ii ~3 5il' iii
Il'a fflUJ fii8 f~ij lI\!B' fil'3 I f~O/ faao fBUJ ii- HiJ'<J'ti il'l 3'fa'>f' ~~
110, ~ ~11'l<l1 ~al3ai )flij ~ iii f0/8 f~ <% all? I f~;] R9' ,!!l' '>fill'
(feO/ '>fil" u'ol 3' we) R'a fBUI il!a~'>f,ij iil'Cl ~ iii 30/B <Jij I fe? 5
fila ~ U'O O/an ~'8 fl1ll1 ~ uicl li;!01 lel 3 ' tI' iii ~R ~ sf",>!, I
lI'O '>fi'! fj) <J'OI H: '1 ~ lll!e' f<!a 111 fii a';]ijg fR"UJi ~ f01g iil'C ~OI ~
a'~i31 tj5Rl !l'a 'l!ij~'>f,ij iil'C i' ~ll lI'a flllll ~~ U'o l:!~ a5 IlO I
lIBII
- i; R: Cl~iiQ fAu! ill . . i.'2'1 .
7; lI'f<J'>f - feli'fe'>f l I (?"i
faJ;:3-lijl t!" iJifH - .
;r;II'>f' fO/ a'd ll'013 .:i ll~'il"a l?ii <Jf~ fpil tI'~ , \faFi' 3C!1 ti~ .tj<J f~o:
~ 6" iii 5 iI'er l:JIO/l illl' lI'a mri! ;]t I feCI fRlIl<Jl feil lliiol ,![aft!''>f'5
fAUJ u'ii' tj~ f(JJ'>I', lI<J ~R i! fO/<J I fii 119' ~ ~ 5~ I '!!C'l:'>f'iJ t!"
,:!il'<Jl ;'i feO/ '>fii' Hi~' (CI'~') Rl, ~ ljIo 0(00 Bel fRliI<Jl f5'>!'e, ~R
i; ~'C!1Bl
- ali a<l "iii \f'o iiOO' '"" O/a fp3' 1>13 feO/ flltl fRljIiJl ~ 7;=
-~

1'1'5' ll" Ilo'fe'>f' '>f3 iI'01l fRUit -e ,,'5 ill H~ ~1 for.6<1'a iia f5'>f' 3
R'?; l1'fCl'>f t i;= fii8 ~ lIil'
- fil'3' I
for.ll3'a 5fefl f~B' Uil';] fFiUJi ~ Illl Cl'3 '>fo ~ir t!'1 ill"l ilr;!
iii o'~ 3 nl~ 3' ,Pil':!il fBil' iii sOl ft!'3, fill'>fl I iI'ii1'>ft ~ ~ feo
'>.0 ~i'i a'" el C!1i11 il';!/') Bel l:JIiJa af.r'>f' faJ'>!', f~oi f~il ij' ~1 Hi I
R'~ ~1 <'i,~ g illl? 3 ~ii fea fil'o iJ~'H'3 f~i3 Cl<la <J'3 ~ ill"l il'"
.
it 11,7; R~Cl l1'a cl'tll!a -H'-(?3,fa'>!' I 11'~ f~' <I'll \jill '>flt!'Hl filu'
'! 11: aCilo fBUJ, far'>l'nl Uililoo fFill( ill f'i:cl ~ iia l1ile: ufiJH1 <J'3
~ H'<!~c o'H H9' 59 iii forg f~ 11~ ' ~ljiJ O/a 5.? aJ~ Ro, filo.T ~
fiJi' 1::!i[t!'H <151 i( 8H1'>f i 5H1'>ft Rt.1'~t ft!'<ll,>!i QJ~l'>fi ua II: '![oilljR
ffill( ill fiill 3ai >,!5fl il'll)fi i~i f~ uTC!' U' i( ~Q' fnaH '>f'.?
'>f3 ~Qi i; Il' ",f,!3I1a Hll1<fil "iii ~Hcl O/Hel ~ l1'a' iJ'H .. fl1'>!' I
a H':!a 3' illl' aJ"l il31/ R..l l!ii311<J Il'f~ll ill, ftlll ~ i'la' Hil~ t!"
 SOME CONFIDENT JAL PAPERS OF THE AJ<ALl MOVEMENT 233

~iil,!wca ll'ftP>f. fOfl>fT 111. I' ore

I ~ ~1 Iii" lI'Qi "" l.!.~<J wol 111 I
ii~ ~1 Il1'" u'o1",; f~\l 8'f"",. faTl' I Ffll:!a3Ra R'f<Je 3' f"a \) ..1ai!
fiiUli "" ;l',p '!a,,' Rl,;'i fU"i f~ '{\l'a aa,,' ~f""";13 <!!e~'>!'il ~
tlit!' " il8~ (O"'Elo tUe ~a f0!."3'a aa fB""" w", Rl I
i:!a3RC l1'f<re Hl ,,' <rill R: o'e fRUI &e1 3 R: HR3'o fRill Hl -e
<rei k;, R1 I fE<:I B~' Rile fER "&H ~ a3 11letl "''' dRH 0Tl. \l8' 65
Ro, fa~tfa f!1 l:!a3Re R'f<:Ia ii ~il'al f03 &E1 0 &,,1 l'Ia'C3 1;;;1 OIaB
. . .
am Ro I f"oi fulii f~ <:I1 iiH~l OIHel 3 iiHc1 "'01'81 ,,8 ar:or1 OI,Pa
f"if3 H'c ,,1 tiEle ,>(l:f. a' f~ ij' 1.I~11 ~ lj?i 1; ;il'l ljT",,, ii' R:
HR"3'o fRill 5a ~ Be ii & '>('UC' o'H H3 ~ il'e <:'5 \)ll"1 tRlllt f~
i
f""'1'f,,I' I R'lir' il<!' 1.1;;,~ 1.1;;' H3 ~tI' I ii8~ 8",10 tlle ~"R'~
f0!."3'e 0113 fill'>!' I 11..1 fliUl lIf<JH f,,1) ii fO!.i8'e iie '11 ~il <:Il 111) I
..
Rr?; wfe'>1 i i; '" a21 ~1'1'
- .
<l e'3 ii "'0 ~ ,,1 illiill \l'fOl'>!' filll)f' I \lii f\lO
ifij ild f"o 0'B" w~ a'a8 Cltel ofiill 5 illel I a'ElB aiel tl R"lao 3
RT~ ~3'a ft!3 T filll' l f,,<:I ei 0'''' f,P)jTR3 "T a'B"' lI Tcl RHf"I)f' Hi".
il) I ",m uj" R'1'e ~R ti831 Rl, QI! i w~ 1m H'C 3' ii fa"i' I "'ill'
lI-ora'H
... '>!OFl'e
.. a'im. atel 3' fllSH R~ao a1~1 af<Je i; 3a~ ~ - "" Ole I
ei! HilTa B' \{rq Rt, f,,>fOri Fill ~ Hilla 5f,l)f' I 'ilil fBe> F.lf<Ja r~
RT", '1~R <ff-;;rl)f' fill"" I ~ij' })tRY ilTl.!1 ,,~& 9''1T01 af<:Ia IT~ I ei! '11
!1'"5 1 il~<I orf~' filllT I f"u F.lf<Ja aq3 lIa'l> F.lf<Ja i ~' aOl' ~ii' af<Jo
:t, f':afBl)fi f.:of"l)!i I<lf 10101 ille I Qij' 1111' \fora'll l:!"3'aOl fil iii f'1'"l'
OBiS f<JR'O \iil I ~ij' of"l ,,~~ RoR ""E I ~il ai01Ol1 ~ '11011' 5fel',
f'lR f'1" H' <rl 33[010 01131 I Eil "f<Je f... " feCI <!!~wa' ~ 3 '1.;:P
a'uo,,"," -eRH il!~ '11 ,,1 (;I'Bol'o f'1e afc!1 ilfel)f' il!a~",'aT ;) I ~ij'
IlfRl' fa3' U"lO 3 fa3 ilTl.!1 ,,;;ii '1'1J<I 'ill:!0I3Ro til I' ~il I eil if 01'
fee of<J <l R: HR3'?; ffflll '11ll'iT' l)f'fOl'>1' 5 & fl.l >iifl-!.3Ra '11 '>!'fel' I
eil "'T~ ~ '>iil '!ll" <11 f;;o ilE 110 fCl I{Hcl OIHcl 3 FflljOl3RC Rofua R:
HR3'o fRill ~ Hal EI'1l3 flOfti'>1' fa fto! ~ eii ;jil I ~ii' ~"ii i; f8ftl'>i'
fOl (l<J il~ ~l 5 ~ frI" ~ Ole <Jo I i.i.H<!l ll1Hcl i; IJ.l iflJ.3Ro f~"
af<JC ~'H R'~ ftl8 ii '1il<JTa ~ l!8'fe'>!' 3 i ~"ii fOlu' fC! ~u !ii ul
234 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

;]0 I (!;] ~TllF! IT ii ~ f!.flcl "He1 "! ."no f<:" 8 or~ I Ia) t:G30
f<:" 1R ?H t"lI'iHil O1He1 t"l11O/'30 Raor<:'Rl A: Iatl"li fRUJ til Ra<ITQ!
13 ";-fAFR'e Ri3, fl'Heo R: ~53 fR~ til 4iJe' A"Ii I (!'ii t ifii' RTol
015 ~T3 tf.ll - ~ii ;]' oj f~H
- i3 f01<JT f01 3Al' -"
f01H f<:il ~1 .. He1
B Uf;]H ;:liT (!a B5 era ljcl"H f~il ,!,1'i>1 OR";]1 jel ~, H' ~"Ii: t"l '101H
I~RTo ~ of;] fu'>i' I qS fila H' ~1 "otl'o R'fu~ ailel tIlR '>Itli>
UTal1i f<:\l ~ao 5 forlT I fui' i'ia' ~ , jj Ieii '>f<>al iioe1 Rfl~' 010~
'!!ot1'>1'oT >il0lC l.jTR je 3' fui' }wloT IorA3 ~e'l4 f~B 51i>OI 8 N
'to~ '>Itli> UTa ~13 I tR FfI'i' H' ~1 ~1 '>f'f'1.3Ro til 3' i'i3' for'>lT ~ii
il1C ~ H~ R~80 3' Cl]o~'>ITJ 301 i1'1R ,,1 85 f""" f5tlTft!!T fOT'>iT I
!li'li! U'a R':!o"li <lc ~3 if' <:'UR ij1 '>f flJ.3Ro til t(il for!T I
iii! f"oi f1.l&f !B'53 ",g' ilij "Ii'5 5,ija f"H, f~B ilH 0<1
mi>oi f"'qtl ,:!clBH f<:" or",,!;]l "!c <:'R3 flH<: >{ii I H' BRt!3 010 f'i'!3,
UO or""T;]l 5c 3' Ufu8 i ;]1 H'Oi> 581 ilI'i.'aoo tiil'~ Bl e n<lTt!l flo
~e"4 Bl 301ala e 01'00 H1i>Oi t"l f018. f"'iJ ~ tli! ~<: or~, f~ kif'
ft!Ol Q;:j' ora,,!'o'
- - f~H i;
= Hoc '" foeo'-a OIa~ ~';]o !T far'>!' -3 Bil' ..
'>feo of;] for!' I foeR qa ii ~ ilal or",T;]1 "Ii' ~t!11
(fotfilO fRUJ far'>l'(1)
't4 !Q.H. 'tt3!),

/1
'l? ""Tf;]<1]~ ill 011 6'f3;] I
H' i'ia ilaiJ 1Wtll foe;] f~!TO, far'>l'ol 0';]0 f!iUl ill >ili>lca
'<I]oR"'01' '>f'f'1.3Ra -e ft!<J "f;]<: 1.!0 fa "H' <l]a<1'<:1 foef3;]TR oTH 1.!R3
f!l<lc '" ft!o'B' o<l"T ;]p', ~'ii ~ fHt! ii f't!3 T~ I (f;] <1]0<1'<:1 ft!f3;]'R
f<:" ili filii lifar RHS<:, ft!R ~ 'ii03 ROI-e ;]0 I
ora
-=
ti~ BT BTR '
foijilO fRUJ for!Tol,
fthf H(!51. i>'qlf'i')T 601",,,T,
fH31 't4 !~<l, 'tea!) I fo'>i'R3 "\I.a~BT, <JT5 cleo,
o'HOT"}!' ;]'1:1 R~H, >If f'1.3Ro,
Letters from inside the Lahore Fort
 SOME CON FIDE NTIAL PAPE RS OF THE AKALI MOVEMSNT 237

156
ii"Rc llIa-ii>e :
f<?FI aTOItl OIl liB3 1.10 f!'l<ll S'3' ill{' tl. ;;:1' fRU! ?i 1>1'
010 S3'pj ~' 1ft;fU iJ)f'ij !!Qf>IW"G Rlall>1F1 >ii8liif.!O ~' 1fHilall'o1 O!O &
1>1'1.1 1./0 iil>1ao ~'S a1llT fa f<?R if' fa3?il ffu'<?1 ~ 3,fa ilH 3'1 1>11.1Gl
utl180 FIr,; 010 R~' 1H'H<?' f?iil'f<?3 tI\!al () feF! if' eo ~fal>1' ?;' <1 1
(l) Flo,,'a a'tl' fflU! R fH8' ~R ii ail' fa ii' HiJIa'tl' Wf<111 &
1.f1R fulw tiT 1rifa !R & R2cH'c e~ & 81e ail' 1fT ~i5' ii tl~S "l",T
fa ii' R2cH~ ?;ill' eor', faUa ifo' f<?R ii' "liaR'o ~ 1iiij 81e lEi 301
fal' 0111' () ftlR & 51e ii' Ri'cii'c i:lm 1 ftlR ~0l3 ft;fU H'H8' Hi! - _ ill>1T
-

~. if' ii ~<?1 t'illl'Ra aiicl & 1.I'FI 0<11' 011 til, fa ifij ~R3 '!i: aij I
sf80l iFl. 'til 1.11 fll & if'llo iiii 1.I'fl W3 cd >iio !ill ii H~o 0;
ail fa if' a1.lfoii'i'F.I?i i:l. >iia <l'FI 010 EI'''' ill a' ftlaa ao3 aiJ1 fOl
TlEI if' oill' 1l'7i3' lI' 3 {!;I<1 ~aRl R <l;J "5 O!O I'flH'7i OIl 30<: <lOl' ii
. .
OIa fafll W;'?il S'-eF.J'<J 011 Hfl'8 e3 ile afuii lOoT fOi if' '>fT1./ ii !;Ialo
f-e8'3' <l"" fa em a' Ifil' Ifil' ac )lijor 't 5ao 1'1.1 ~ a1t!11.Io tlaa
=.
fEioT
,,11' il~, '>fT1.I ~a aufo;1'2a7i ~' I if' ii f<:a 3'1 fenlfTa 0111' I
f<?R ii ~5 !Ow EI'" lj5" ii ea fifol fuurel or<?l. fOl f!;l<1 ~H<I~ me
101'8 3<l3 flTfilEi aT ~'IH ~ fa '>fT1.I <lH'01 EI'3 1.10 1118 aij' 1 feR 1./0
if' 1li1~a \!'>f' lila 101'8 3113 fl'fos a' ~aH 11'0 aa H' i5 "R<l3 aa
"le 1
(2) lI'<1a lj..-H~ aHBa <1orel () t;!1(')1 <J'83 ",;;:1 0 <11' 0011
"p"Hl EI~3 l:fF.lOl8 fH83 :r , f~o1 ailcl 3H'H I.!",H~ ii iJTTi!lli1 01031
8. >iia ~1 i1:H''<'a ~ fa~'fa a<?l "", ';;R' f<?3;:'O! \!I' fa ;'i ElT3 ilH
I;[1i'REI RH!;, aa >iia aiicl ii' \.I'R 010 ii ~3 il' ~<1 31 ?iiJ1' aoii e3 1
~1 1>1't!Hl <lH R I' OIa "fo'>l';:3 aa:3 iJ' fOi ft;fU H'HW tl'affa faR
30<1 R () 1 f'tlR aT ~rti IS ;} CIa <Iff ~" 011 aR81 ,,<II' 010' Fla3 1
(3) Ro<!'a fHO fflU! is'8 ii '>fR31;:' e ml' () >iia (!>I a'
fl:f'>fT8 ~ fa 1)'3' ~W H'ff8' ii' Rl:I3 "iJT831 011 orP1 3 1 ~ QiJ' full>1'
238 S0~1E CONflDENTIAL PAPERS OF T H E AKALI MOVEMENT

fa ia fa'H' acfOl ,Pull! I I){Ill orl fER 1i'115 H' for'H' ,Pl! ~ 3 @i5'
- ~
"",'a ~i5 if f"",or", <11"" >iio iR3l;:, B~ 011 eor ,"",u f",u sl101 for
.
>ilt!a <1'B a'ua <:r'Bl orHz1 ti Ii;:r!ja ora ~ illcl lia;:rlva "",TO' 'iI'u3
~' I

(4) IilFfC? Rea flfU( lO'fEBI]al or' fJot'>f'''' ~ for 0'"" R~'5
fRtf Ollar ii -e ~o' 'l'~le. '>lOla >ilR' 0' orl"" ;:rr~arr 3 H' 1;!t! fER ii
aaftffi':G '>I'<:r';:[ ~o' ~'a!'. >iia ua 3au A iif.lf.l ~ar' for f",u H'I!5' fRtf
mOl ii 3!lt!15 orl!' tl'~ ,
i5z <5: ('\) Ii'?: ;'j 1!s flOtf' ~ ~R orl 0';:1' R UH'a' fJot'>l'5 ~
for >iea <:r'B RiiJ Rtlc lEa?: ft.!'>f'B' 1!fc 5 ~ii :l' for ~u fER If1H5'
H' iit'l 3lit:!151 oul' ora Fl0r3 ,
157

'Ral!'a ,!!aaOll flfUl fRIlI',,;lic ia llij"C{, RW;3'

ilt tiH ge Rat'a <ITaatl" fAu( iil fR'>f'", iiz 3f.!al:G B'e for ~o
ii flifU<!1 OIfH13oa ?i OIfHROa i5'arc; ~ o'l! f;j01 Bl:l for iili if' ll'o 01'
I!'HB' oa" el'>f' ii'<i I ul! ?: OI<J' 6' fOi 'Hara '>l1i'lif ll'o ii' a'a iiEl gor'~
(i' lif'B1 tl'e Ii 6,,,1 il;!o i'1B' ii Ra3 :l' , i'H Rat'o '!laa>;" ft'lUl
'11 a'illB R'fua a' fU{u ~:ar ' 1! lO' :l' fa '>itf"'" U'o ma l!f.!ij3 faB' fOiRl '
f"RI! orl <[or'<:rz ii ora ",1'H' ii'~ I l!ilIa RoOl'a "" fo'>f'R3 ~ ftffi':G
Uo'lr-mlif' or' a'l! 0' or!'>i' '1'e ,;fa Ufu5' '>itt"'" ll'o ail ii ;flO' ':f3Ra 5
;:r~ 3'(a f<:raeo! Qa;;t.! 0' ;J' , S't:! '>i;:rT illaEil ~ar afa aa a'orl itt"'"
1.1'3' ii l:liiH5 aa' ~ s3 'l ;fa' oul' sBfa s3a iiill3 Hill fSB' aor
"i! ~ <I1a'i['>i'ij' H' .... ~' tl'<i' 'HOTa f",u >i;;a~f<iffi '>i':G >ilR. ill. UT. I'll
orl1'S'~' 3'for 8'3 ':!tl3' ii I f",u flIal or'a<:r'El 3' 3orl!15 q'oGl~'f.!5
a5 , >ifa >ilR. ill. ul. 111. ~ Ol'fl!)f liel'l!;:fa ii UHa'a tl'l!'a"i I SIB '>iiJT
iiEl ;:fut S'EI ~ oul' '1'~ar' , orfHROa R'f<ls ~ flOu ,Pl! el :l fa ~aFHc
?i's' >iia s 'El ~a ~ ~el1' ii i=1 Billl I ul! ?i Rae'a 'lIaStlf.l fffw ii
fBtl el .... SI for 'ilS i'll ':!1l3' f.lO'fE3 ofu ora' ~'a"i 3 S'u" ~~1 orHcl
R <!fa'>i':;;3' ora ii ,:!:l8' ~RB' orl'>1' t!'~ffi' I Rae", <I1aStlR fR"ui ii
 SOM E CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVE~lENT 239

<JHI(jl 30G ii 3fu<Jl<J .:1<5 011 ;:jEl fet! I"iJ3 our I I H"?,H \1"11 I fer
Fc!r.GC l:!t!'ai1 1 "'5 ' t!'(J~IR3 <I' ~u ,,(,)1 l)fle 3' I "I" l)flll l)fl are
I'
H'H5' l)f'1l & ilF.1 3 "I'll Rat!"<l 0]0"~1l fR'" ii iFffiI <10 B~' I

BO'fE "!:!3B~1 ~
3<Ja~i Bult!'l ;:Tal f"l5 1 f<lRl F.1(J1fE3 ~ H3 i1~ t!'1"11 ~ilTI I
;ll!' ;:jt'1 Q81cl<15 f.nr(,)RcaF.1(,) 'l[<Jfll<=' ~ f1ol51G (')1 fcl>f1R3 ~ fl:fl!1G
<lailTl I fRaG l)f1oli> 1l'O <lilffil I l)f>i;; 1l ' 5 B ft!'(,) ii' 143H <l R<I3' ;) I
ft'5I~1 ft'R ~ ~ <1<13 a'lHT3 f,[<! <108 I ~H <108 ~ 5ilT I ~u l)f5fut!'
<1<13 5<n' I '>Iti;;r \j15 <loci; Ilo tlll' <i1\lR 5 i1~(JII I Ilr.: ;/ aralll oii'cil,
il ,.'0111.1'0 \!il <lii'aj I ft'R OI'H 011 301Hl8 5<5 \lO ;:jt'1 ;l~ sTt'l ~~
VI' i'i3 (')u1' i1'~1 I

158

i.IS<Jl
Ii'J3<!O tlOle ii H'~1f 'll)fl I fa ;f0l11{1 ~01r' il' fER "1'3 <11
airel I for 3~' F.1<ilitl ;lQI ~ lliiij~ \lO 3Bt!'t!' tiQ' <11 30"6 ii '>I1f<>
" -
il' ~aJI F,m ii J'!5'<J OIl ~1{1" 1431f 5 i1~ilTl , f.,~'fOl f,.'>I'o <lll>f1

ii' ~ Yt!' 5 R<l3 I' I

- - -
i1'3' ~ fOl tfEl' if' :t&11>f1 ~5WF.10 fl:'fl I{tll{o \lO 1l1f! <l ~ I' I fER
-
(I) VI' 3 tfQI Bo'031 flw.:J<I'o VI' flw.:J0[Iii' ~ <JIll ;r.!
faJ"Il 3I
(2) tr <l0[1H 0 ' ;;' <l130G ii 3>.1"" <I' f14'>1'5 3 >iio ~ ~ fRO
ii'll% oil R'''" oj 0<J1 3 I
fur<J ;;ll:!H<IO 5 R<I3' ;) ~ ;I<I'1f ii ~ :arn3 fl{81 5 I "1<10-;]15
.
ftlR ",,<J ;;1 iilR:l OIiicl ~ IlR ii' 5 ,fRo 3;'1 ;:jfllF.1 .,1 tll~ f<l HiilfS
. 3 1H15
~f5 fj i 3H<!1 011 ~5-{?-fu<J5 ii" tfij <11 =
ii "IH5 ii' '>I'~ >lfo fOllll
~'" ii ;:jt'1 ~o 1;11 "1\1 ' 0 ' 31 f<lm 30<J ii 7)T fHB f<l ~ !is' 31 <'iii!
fE5tliH illl ~ I
240 SO ME CO:.rI' IDE :.rTIAL PAPERS O F THE A[(ALI MOVE ~lE N T

for.:r fe<lf3l>f13 Vcl ~";l'l' ,,1 ll''l3 3R81 !lJ:fH 301& \la "001
e '<ll~ 1

01" flOu fer R''l'" \lamaT)j ;i \IfuH ;l'!i' 011 30:6 ii '>IH5 ii'
'>I'fe'>l', 'l->iio <11 ~R ' <11 '>f<l D 1 ferRl f"Rlf ,,1 3'ltl181 0' D 3'f01
ll<l'OT ;;1 0' fl15 I

159

/l
~~ Rf30]a y,R'ftl
fmt lJIl1a Clikl -e ;:iillll~
-
RtlllO" :<:'a tzl>!O -" '
"o,l1iOOllO :
f.1Il>f1l? 011'>1' tl'3' ~ fer F.l'fet! fRttl!l!'<J erilcl er' fiii I tl'?: ~
;l'l' tlalfa R,full '>f1E 1 full 1fl3 j{' <Iii' 13'<lre fer ~o I R't1 fo<l'fe3
F.!a':G3 -''' '>IHo A ~F.! '>I'E' I <Ii ft;[<) "1'3 ferRl A HlI:Gl oill' fer ft;[<) ;:I'l'
mar"e ~ ~IH' il fiii tl' a<J1 ~ Bern RHcl aHel fiRl llaO]";Jltl, tlH,re?
-a 81~ ft;[<) f,p>i' n;)l' fer >iiA ;lij -a R'l! faRl 3a<l a' <i3er l)('H"I m,a
al'>fT tl'~ 1 lara flO<l ;:I'l' l'~ 3 Vcl)j'ea R,full ii' @oii OJa H<:pa'il -a <l~a
- _:::0 :::0

as'<I UllF.! 't' liF.! "a~ W la12'R' aa'?; 011 ~3 ii' ii~l ~tlatl' ~l? 301",
latl'R all>f1 tll~ "qm H<lTC'tl ;ll!' ;'Iii f~ tt";;ra \l'o ~ fGO l'<l;; aoo
tl' fo<ll ~ 1 \i" ?i l'\l< feR \lf~3a ,,'atl f~ i/6H'0 lrall'nlli a131l'
\10, l'\l fER ;fa ~ lll?, F.!cr31 ll<lB fOi fEu Rllll <,! oll'<,>l l)(i ~ E:Gl? "co
>i1a ltt"or \l'o ~ l'll< QllH r~13 lloia fOlA F.!a3 -e ~ lr<l. 'lao I"
.
tlll flOij ;lll' '>1"'8" 3!03 RTfua -a <l"a iiF.I D 3 "eM tlRaa -a .
J.!1'f':G"
- il'etlla '>Ier'5 3<13 R,r<l!l I if" <l'Rl? il fer ~\I feR ;re' A ~'
(tlll fOl<l ;re' er<1'<l \llJF.!TtlliF.! OIa~ W ltiatl'R era'15 '>I,~ ) fer "<1'<l
.
\JaR'tl w l)(Qt"1'l faR H38ll al acl lal I ale il tlll for.:r H'IlH <:i tlrE
f" fiii }f' ft;[<) ;lll' '>f\fu \llo -a tl'al aa?; I 81e tl' a<J' 5, 3 ;l~' A
lli:' tll~ fer ~<l lfu3 \J10 Il)(i:1 ~ if tl'"al aa~ I 81~ tl' ad 5' 01'
001' l>li! \l'O il'ol aa?i I 81E 1 '>!OJ, ft;[<) ;ltl' 001' ltill,. tPo 01I?i if
 SOME CO NFIDE NTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEM!': NT 241

,,111 ;:l' ~Ul 5 3 <lINl Q.r"mo H' ~~l :Gtla o<ll' l'ar .-titl 0' f~R ;:lW
OI' i'ia if tI'7i' tie- 011 Itj~ ll'o ~ ,:!;r"a 301 181:;: i fi/FIl 30<1 ~tI atl
H0l31 ~ 1iOlo IOId flil<l Itj~ lI'O i ;:1'01 Olii?; ~ 51e tI' 0<1' J 3
<ll-jlal f~A ~ 1:!:f50l 3H'H fe1.J5T~E"'" ~ r~o l.Jii ,,'f<la atl~' B'<lle- I
HA50 ;'i Iliii,! lI'o liiB OITf1 faTI' ll' ;1<1 H'ii!1? H,l'iPil' 0 ' ;" ~ ':! i8a
"'fu<!l~ ii R,pfBI ,PAB atl<5 ~ lOre ll' I HiI<lsl -3 i! l.Jii ftilu fS8~"
5 '"Hl J fOl l>fOIil ftilu ~ lJ'O fG<Il;!~ all>fT tl'~ -3 Il'lli/' "HH!'R' ii
<ll ftil<l I;l'l all>fT TJTe- .;ja :<f'3H' ii' sllil<!l Iile'R' ;] I
ciiaflic iJ).Jla ;:iii' i;:j f~ 01'0" ~ "'R3 '1'3 05 5' fEO \Iii
\1,*,,11' 501'31 il<ll J I <lH'a ;:iij' ii "'lIGl ).Jtlusl I'tllel ii lieo"tI
ijtj C/O ~o lI'Q~l~' ii H',,?i ii fEOil'il OIl,>!1 I Iti<l ~Rc J f" I' f~fT
J!Qla OIHcl a' H'l' ~o lJ,ij el~' iii HI~aT' 1iI' 0<11' I lOla ftil<l ).JI('j 5i1T'
3 i.i.HGl O1Hel 011 iitllEo H' <5i ~1 GaOl 0<11' 1 ' 3' I ~tI ftii '>lUG Q'tlH"
u~" EI Ele ila i"3 ilfilc:1 8'tlHlllT3 ~ I 50lt; l>fOIa flil<! if!!' flil<!
Ro3 H'o 5 for i]H 113 H' ~el ii81clqg 0IT).f 0<11' OIa'OI 3 fefj ~tl3 H'
(tltlf" ftil<l Il4'ii,! lI'o til' elaTo Q'OHa HI>J5' H' <5iellJ'iiel lIill' HI~'iii)
<1H 101'5 3:<f3 tJil ftt;Ol' 0l;'11i] liE'e o3<! ii feoOlro 0/00' tifT ~ ~
Ia,,'R' 010'';; 14 lll:Iu5 Jo' o'-HII H'I'SH 53 1J fOl@'f01 @o Oil ia >ii'l,
=: ~ - -

ll1. lJl R1. ,,1 (j"lEt; K' Iffl' :G 301 J I ~Q'a or ~cl 'l'g 0' 3' ~ H HI'S' iii
ii81clal'S f.<II'5 tl3r3 5' >i(i! 8.Hc:l ailel g feii ll'tlHCl WHI'l' OIo'tI <"!
010 "'tJ~ u ii' 14' ,,11' I '>laTa '>101'5 3:<f3 ~ R'Hg fO!J ;:i!!,
fll'>l'oe fOi U).J QlilHa H'H,,' ii' sl \I'iiel",i H'o 5'cil 3 ;:fiielil
101'5 3:<f3 Rfull ~ aor <l'R5 5 fa ~u ~Q'a ailel ii ;ftll
01' OI;'1'i] liE'" B~ 10' "'oe'R' C/OI~ a' Cl" el feoala aa ~ fOl~ fOl ,,'OHOI
H'HW ii' fa15 3:<13 A'fu!l titl Oil <Jrel>iiRe RIc >ii:;: >iiij~cl (highest
seat of authority) ;:, I fll a<Jl rtilu !I'3 fa feil if!!' ~ i'i3 ii' >If1ia \1 10
"'01 aa ~ ~ 1i,15a <JH'al f,,f' \I'51Rl i'iol "'''le. ia I,n:!"" i.i.HC:l
OIHel '>Iti'a lJ'o ~ "'01 OIl ,,'<5 R ~el :G'fee' ~o' Ra31;:' I feR ~
lii5" fa" ij fOi lltl 301 <Iii' fOlu H"Zlf 0' 5 for fat; <JT53 VI' \I'ilt!l(1'
14' ",Ii,. \1'0 TlT31 alfT il'3' 5, <JH ~~l a,e.:Ji R ,,'Aa J' I I'lJ fell
~42 SOME CONFlLlENTlAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

;:Ill' ~ a
R'li! iii;! R){Si;!Tij Rlour 0~'O' 'la e' a
I ;'j '>I'll ~ fa ol'l
,)lB ' 3 iao oluae aa' I fa (lR a1liae al af.!1il if- ul uH foml ~<!R3
olE 111iI;5 ~ OlTI!5 ij'ijf I fl!lIl Ol 'fl ~ 8li' '>I'll Ra"l o 3Tijl flflll >ilfl, ~1?,
R1. 10' f1ml >ifa a'mo ~ '100 iii ,,1 Ii'l' llo ;1;1' Ii R'! u1B' 3 '>Ill1il
tlBfl ii 'i;i/ >i'ia '>I'll iii liaa f"tI~le' 3"fa li1i IRa llt!lHo ~R <I'l3
aol~' I
(2) '>i lll;5 '>iuol fBit ii' f!lli' a fa ffll'lC'a f = ii @a fBol
0]00'>1 fila ii l:!3B'l RtJoe ,)lRB 'la3 ii iSle f81i i;!l arel:J I ufllal
1(11

a
,,1 ftlU feole' fa fl!5 ii Ruae u'HiS 0la3 ~ iS1@ fu"'1: >iia l.!I'IiSH'o
ii'R/,ail a '>iuaij (approach) ill,,1'>1 1 ti'e I >iia ~ t/a elaTa ilO1i'
R '>iRa 1iI'B~lfl!'>Il ti'e I 5'lo fl!I'I ){IflE'T ii' ufl lioll'l!! ftlu f:tlI>fTB Ola3
~ ' fa fd'~ ' ~ lj3Ba tf1iI'3 1j~11>fT tll ~ tlale R '>ItI1B 'll 'H'e >ifa
l:!RBHI ~' ~ li3P." Waco fa;;~ ii ilOle "'H0l11>fT 'H'e I fl!I'I 3au "IH
'>iIR 'o1 R ,,1 <Jail >i'ia ~0l3 ,,1 ftl'>ilel liiltJ Of <1aT l I
(3) @" l!'3 ~ lj3iSa ufl '>It/o ' feB R'G' I'I'G' rlJ ii Rlfl~ ali
;?Ol !:io'R'! RH!13 a' I 1iilO '>1'3 ' :J fa I>fTll'll f<l'>I'H :J fa '>laTa ila\'i'
R "t:T, U'I'lH <J tj'e 3 uHlol ljRaW3 "PR'" ii tl litil11, >if" '1[a~'>I'a'
faB ill <JH' <l'RR ij i:reill' I <JH 'al "laR a ~ ii' '>Iilla '>I'll 3B!l1'!'lf.!
O!Q ~l 0 ' feB ,PHR "a,,1 10' ooOl'C' l'l{u9 ~aia' ~ l::!ol'<1H' ii'
Ol 'H1O 101 <l'RR "ao' 10' el illa ilfl iI l:!3'B<1'3 a <:1 'I'lB aooT ,,'il3
5 "3 f;13o' >Aga '>ITlJ tiiafHc t/a 1iI"B<IT (l30' ul '>I'lJ C/' ;;f" <1' 5a)1 I
'>i1J~ HOIRB' ~ <JIRB "aii ~ Ble ftlu f1iu 1fe3 R'tlHl il fOl ,!l<Ja'
lj~~ ' c iI "Haat'f!3 'll'>l' 'H 'e >i'ia ftlu aTafHe t/a iillil C/11>fT 'H 'e fa
8H<=1 "iiel al 3',,3 ii' tiiafHc 011 1lli31~ R iiiel :GaC/ nul' rfeOjI I
>Hilla "I't/ fia'if il 1i'H'3 <l'RB C/a~ ~ f.<li'la ii' ii (fie 3 <JH'a' f.lf'>l'B
:J f" ~a ,3 feil3 ii 1I't! '>I'll IR' ao~ iI ,,'' '1!5 5'ijJ fa ~Ra '>I'll ii
l:!'l llH30 <Ii" ljR3t'1 tiiafH"c >ifo 3f<Jara lJa >i.:' '>lRo 0' ;,IBilll "fa'
f1O<] ill lill8<1 ~ fa l>t,fufl3' >H'fuR3' f<J~ >i1a Blillo <lfi' 011 ,,1 :JH
uHt!ael 8' iji' I <IT-ilflW Rt! 3 'a3 ii ul <JHeoBl orr f.rtl3 il I
(4) <Jfl '>I'U ",1 f<!R 3~1t! R fe3GT01 ol:l3 ~' fC/ 'Hl'! f<is
 SOME COKFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT 213

u<lf1'l"C( -& Ji'TH?; ti8 5 "3 Bl<r'?; 010' OIa tFl -& 1'!"le tlElat!f!3 FIlice <J'FlOl
al iI'e I
ilij <Ill i-f1l3F1<J "ill'!" H" il 3 ?<J i R <Jl! . ?; l'U ii fmf' tI' fa
-
f!3t!'a Olaf;!3 fffur <JH~ W<! Co-accused liEia cause H' "ill'!" H' '>I'e
;'t" I <Jl! ~ fom f~I'!"'al 3<J Ue 1'!"'t!l!1 :l fOf feo a1 feHBIt! ~1 "il'e I
'>I<l RoBIa Fllf<Jij ~ IIf<ffi R ~1 3CJT '<JlOl'3 <7 ale 5' fa~'fOf Fe?; il ~'el
Rlf;;ra ~1 fill,l:3'0 <i 'iIIe :l' feFl ~'R3 fe~)jIR :l fOf feo -& iiR U<J iiiiJ
al'>1l m >iio fe?; OIl '::!?;'fR<I A<J'fe3' 011 fI'e I '>I'U feR -& ~t!1 A<J,feOf
i:if 01' fOfFll t!li11a l.jo'fRtI ~ ii R<J'fe31 ~ ROf3 ~' I
160

llf<!faOf<!~T lI'o.;:li''S1'!"
(1) 'Ti'tI?; <J}j R, ~i11 R<J;;!rij' ?; ii lUI>' R~~'c ~jlU -& t!l'>l'
~, ~A ii liiOlOf ';!iil' Il' fOf fl:'R fOfR 3(J<J1 Ofl tI"!fOlfflil 'el "il'e I ,J)j'<Jl
<J'e :l [Of ~1 O]a~w<J1 l{liqa aHe1 il ~'?; -& flalw ~nOfT ~cH'e
8,fe'>l' 5,!:1 ~ Ra'e'a' -& ale 'QaAI?; OfT ij'feFl <'iaJI I -S<lO <lH' feR
R~H'c -& l>fd,,!lo'3 H' \laa' 'II !;la1'l" Wt:!~a l:JTfefT a<JIOT t:!'ill11 I i'U
iOf'l'!l R<I'fea "!1. (eoiif) il ~l feA al \l"!a H'few "Ole' l.;fa ',!Ral
lilliiill '>IJo1E1'O I3 H' ,1 rOlu loIEia !;llfew 5 fOf ':ill FlCl2"a'?; i1 l'/.HCl
ailel >iia alafH'c ii' RH~31 aaw 131<13 il, ~n ii fOl<J <1131313 <;!el I
10 fOlu AeaOf '1'>i' I
(2) H53 fOfall l ,PH ii IVll ;i iill'!"' !'i,Hel Ofiiel?; ,,101' <II ~A
-& l.j3OlOf iIOoOl OfHel a' 0]C!H313Ofalij?; 9E: ij1'l"' el 01' =<E: '>IOIR3 9t=<=<
-& "alij <;!'>I' <II I "ilel Of1 OfT<J<r'e' Ofl Of3'il' illl -& lI'A :l' tn ii' 31'1"'8
,,0 8~' I
(3) i'U?; <Iii' ij381fel' :l for ~..m fli'~ a'Al'!"ilil ii f~a'a
,,1'>1' :l fOf i'll tnj' Ofiii! Of' ,!!CI~'>I'CI' fElCl Of' iifa',Gc =<0 3 l alt1 3i1
H<Jli' Ofii'aT I <lH '>IIU -& fOlv FlOlI<l .l,!:1 13'<J3 :l' f" fijI'!" 01' H'H1'I"1
~<I'fe3 OII?;.Gl~'E" cr I <JH fOl<l ?;<J" 131<J3 fOf (1F1 Ofl f,m' <lia (;flli'
iifijal;. Al. il lal~ foml EJo1F1 -& ,1 lj31 <'i I lilla tR oil \l"!a ffiafH"c
~lH.a'I ilt ,tt 1l,J1:ilj ililj ~~ 'Il~ ~a !l ~ ??- "til 'has!! l2,2i'l
e~1l ~ 1n.llj ll,2. 21ael! g ,!!2l:) !! 2"~~ ,en 1-" ll ell il!!J .~~ ee.
P2,!'!H l2tte -"e
lllIU Il,l'ill ~ ~j eJ ~ 1lle. B[t H ,a~ el!!J g
He gil,a Ii- g~ cl! ll!,! l!E! l? ,~H1H il<3) -") ,~ el! H~ !l ,l!! E I la~
.lell ll3tl!ll-he e12H ~ le. t!Bj~ l'" ~~ Eel:! L-" La!!~ol gl:!la ~ g.HE
H,-" l!!E ~ 2'" .2 "'<3) l? !bBl'),1l ~'2 22j glil 1l!2. Lae g He , ~,~e.
0

11E)R:I ell ''''tll:!'''J !<EU'!!) 1lEJ EJ ,e.1:! g .le2 !lll2l!l EB<8 l'" >'I:!j .~

!it!< lH2.,I lllE ~ l!E I ~.g e,IEj l:i~Bj gl:!.2 ~ g=~ .I:!l:) g e,1
Ii !lll2l!! Ie. gf! l:il'.~ E,BR,Eft le,s l~ EEa I:!I:!j EI.QH I ~!!l ,2 l!!Cf!.
~ "'lel'jE l"',B !i ~r; E~ "'J ,~e.IEJ gl:!,2 il<3j !!~)H g lM ~ gM
H~,'" Ii.l'R.!!!J .I:i HIP12~'" ~ tHH,H ?,~ .,;'2 Ui2.1 b ~ ,I!) tb l",.B (i
H.IR:J ,'" g.l! !! BII:! ~ 'l~ EI3.,:< PI!< 2lE ,l'l ~ I ~,!! ''''La Eli! ,EeI:!H
e~ el1~l!J"'J .Q gN! EI!< .Q .tt ef I? g~ en eg lil,Ee l? R,ad ,12.2
~ .~ ~ eB.tt .l ,I!! C ' .f! l? a,e Ie ,,~ e) C 2eJHH LE 21 lHa,I
~ "' el'< I ,l~2 ~.IEJ ~l!i I?- ge", el!I!H l? EPB Ltl"'J He. lild.1.Q
l!i,CB !!: I.~ !l.ES.!! SlEe. ~ E!h f:il2E,h uO!).Jado-o:)-uoN I .~
eat.< GE ~ l2t!e. l~~ El?a ilaJ e~j Ie'!! .Ile e.il!J.J en ef !it;~H
I?- n,I!:f uH,e ~ ~j Ej ,~ gtiHI:I !!eJ!! lefu! ,llIU Ht! ( p)
I .lQ2 ?l'Jh ',I.Q~ 1ll2. !?- f!E!iI:!~ Il,!:l) ? .I12J JSliI:! B~,llH
e121 1'I!!j eJ!!J I e,1:! ,,,,aJ'~ ,{it! ~Jn 2..i!!1.1lS. li!8 Hj!1 PE I ,~.I
~ l?2e. ee IitllL! Ihl:! ~ ,e~BH t!.HI:! elJ?la.!lliEH ~ 2l!! .2l! g ll!
Ill2\i,H ? .Q lale le HlHEE lal?- .J:! 2l!,e!! g,HC> ~ l!!'< ',~~ !!~ 2.~l!
1M Ii-!ll:) 1:1 I!IlI:! ll:!eJ h,I I!!!,? H,e. f:il2.!il:! 2",Hii ec> .J:! g.EE
@I:!) l? .liH,fj I!ilj Q~ EJ .11 .I<cle. .2.1'J2!l He g ,glll:) PI'< ,c ~Ie g
2.i!!,M f:i He ll:! .Ila!i!li El!J1 I ~ ,Eel:! ,I<c atJtI l? l21;<'" .p.laeie ,1:1
H.IVR:.J g.He t!~ ? .!! f!llf!lagn .>lJ!! .~.!!! ,tt %ill) .2.l<caeie ll!!!) ~IJ!I !!J
.C ?"'tl C>JI! 21'< ',g ?!!il e", ElE E~ ee. Ill! Mll ~J! ~ .~MI<c la,Il2jii
~ 2.i!!,2~ g.HQ tI.I ? .C ''''Pj EltlH,EH ~ n,I "'J 1m lll21! iEE2ie !I
In~J M)QJ!,4 e.aetl !lHIlH BAH ll!FJ I>l:iEH ~ ~H.H 1:1 ,g,12212 lE ~
tI,I elel ~Ii tldJ I C .Ee.1! I:' ll,"Jl? Ilil ,~ ? ~,f! e~h I!E eea
J.N3Iq:rrAOl~ nnlV mil. .~O 9!TIdVd 'lVIJ.N"(]BNO:J TIlIlQS ttZ
 50b( CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT ~45

?i ~c B1111, 1I''''liB feR ft!311'l1 ;j sl If'01'lrij' 011 lJ.a3 >ifo 3'OlR1H

a't'R'fO ~ I ~!!li,!, R1. OIl a'i! ft;jv ~ f" folAl !O'fPii3 RH~3' ~ 11010
n's' FR'!! ~ fIlB,!!! ~ ~n' <TH'al 3rmll" ~ QaR'n uqIPeOl' I BOlo
R'lI <11 "aBl <iRS' ~ OIl ;jf.!f.! t./aal ~ I feR <1H'Ol ori! 110 leo "'B

'>111<1'11 ~ r.l/I1I'ST3 a' Iffl' '>lAo ~ I H'fRa 3 Ta' fFilll i11 <lH'al ali!;j
e
~' I >ifa >iii! <11 310 >ifa ij' I '>Ia!afB <III '>I'1.R:1 3",,.lil ;j UIR 010'
53 ~', Boto <lH'a' ft;j<J 113'n' so," ~ f" <Jlllal UI5Rl ua Hi'l'o1'l a'
Clis&'q 0<11' ~ >ifo ~ If'Ocli' OIl ~iJ3 ~tICl filOia OIl OIel~' ft;j<J
a~e feR '>Ilia a ij' fOl o's' ;j H'Hgr tICl B,,'a' illa OIa?> ;j "'R3 i'i
..'fO!'>l'3 liB' 5 a i! ij' fa filA R for '>1'1.1 <lH ~ '13'0 ~o fe38'<J
~3 ail iJ' >i/o 8'vHl 1:13 f<8'83 ;]al 0<11 ij iBa iJl<lO 0<11' OIli! 0Ii! I
fa~ fer ~a3 H'H8'3 a fil'>llB' f~~ il'5 01' >!iBf.!' liT I
(5) 111'1.1 OIl 111'" "'81 Fifol <JH ;j fHI? OIel ij f-eR a' ",.'11
of,! af<lOla Oll'>i' "'i!OI' I
(6) ;:i l/3 f0!3'113 <lH'a >ifa l)ffl.l ;j BafHl)ffn 531 ~ feo ii'
<1'>1 >iiRl1113' ;]al ij' ;:i fn<Jlf-ea a lOil'lhr!! 531 ij' I i'i ,forRl 91 iia f.Il!R
~ H',!:H 0 1 ;:rill O!l<Jle' I f"A 81i! '>I'U '>I'f-e';:!, <lir R18'i!' Hca ~,
aa' I fllv foUTf,,3 ;:r~ol ij I "fRl !O'3' ROBIa fou'l? fffw ~ 91 H'~H
0' 501 B'ule'l

161

/l
'ti Rf3~ l!,fI1fe
(1) il8 CiHe1'>1 i ;lR' fO{ l,rl/II'a'3 R WCIH ;j3' ij ROOIClII1!l
CI'H CIa 0<11 ~'I ta'>lR8 rim' .... >!i' fH3Ra ii' <11 o -
- 011 ell till ~ I
'>I'IJ ;j 13 I <11e fOl ",vi ~o ii ua'llilisr ;j RII3 ec 5OI'i!' I ;:I<JI O{<Jl'
~<I fuBf3<JliJ a Bal'>1' I1I1I5 Bl<:'o OIa?> Cil "f8'0 OIa' fIU!ll ~Ral
30il ii liEf.! Ola' fCi ~<I Bl..-,o ~n ~ 51i! failure RIlla 5 I IlBiJi1' ;lH
;1<!1~' ii' ii <i-el ;lR' H~ H<lS 5 '>IIU feR OIIH ~ 51e f-eR3H'8 ii'
BI~' I
246 SOME CO"'FIOENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AI(ALI MOVEMENT

(@) tJ.Q'n ~ f8?;3Jj"'~ ~ ,,1>3 '>f'U ~ '>f't=!Hl foml !uii !'t!J.ll

01' o'H Uf.I OIa' >iJ <ifllll O!il& >RT Q';; Ji03flHI OIiJ' I
(I) ij]0J.l3' i1 U'R;j ~v i'U ~ vOl H' ;j ,;fa iiI'> OIHcl?' i!
U8 OIa;:' atle!f.IO filla tl'e' I '>1'1.1 & <l0! H' ft'R 30;
. - T ;j fCl
" <i ilIaH3
RJ.lcl <J]Gt=!,,'aT~UCl OIHc1 fFfi!' al Q'aHO! ilH'fit!' tlH'3 ;),,;fa ft'll
H' 18"'01' <i \jo' ft'3H't! () I t!klo ija aHclt' ,;fa iFf<l u9fllfR~1
aHelt' i! ij]a",,'o' 3fuolCl i! ,3'R3' H' Fft!a'<I ,;fa I1'EI ~ J.ll:'t! ~
~of.l!Il':6 RH!>3' ;) I ;:1"'0 tl'R 0103' () fCl ciiorH'c iI 'lTvle FCI iiiaf>f~
ilIat=!~' 3f<:rolC1 ~ <it!1@'
- - & fou' D'il,;fa ilIOt!"'OT
- ..-
fila ali<':l ilTat!,,'a'
T
tJ.iilla aHel & HoF.!' & 1i3'IIC1 <J1R CIa, ",aia , ,.ora' I >i! OJoH3' iI U'FI
CIa.?; iI gle >i{o ;:1,,1;; & capture 0103 iI I'>li! tli1al () fOl '>flU ~
3a:6t=!'a'o 011 aR03 <J 50 1I':lj90 >0 a lft'OI Ill<l'1'.I aiRl illIaf.11Wl:
I8"tl.ij' aT ~'11 :ei ~ gle H'it! 5' I
i
(t') t1<J OI<11';'i/O OIiiclli aaTo f88f3<l'a ~ >11"'0 OIa" '>f'lI ~
ale -;:rgol ~ fCl '>I'U tR >1l~lo cil iml 1)0111'013 H' iiPIl aii' I iala1l1
'>f)ol !I'o'3 ii' 91 Ht-II;!;; tR ii l:f3'>fI'>CI fo .5' .;j" &flH ft;{;) 5 fOl JoIlIo
iao fDOle! 3,fCl ;'il'> aHcl~' a' fll!'o &el ~al3 <]fRa 0' aa R~ ,
(Il) iitl' aal'> ii t!l,.,o i! l:fillCl i<llii,i1 !:<I8'o'3 H' '>I'U a'
&1?1 version 0<11' .. uo' ,pvle "EI' f" !'U 01' version iiI'> "Hel <51
version a uf<Je! "lI3' ,pfCl 'l'5 sl IRO 0' ;jo' I 11';:Itli 30t'1;: ,,00'
f'e3o' :;:'iet!'Ht! ;;;:11' 53' fil30' & uiue! R,pel & ulIillO! ~ Il'!;!?; all
~~I
(2) ',",fIll R<J fe" B. 01' 1>.9 fiilli' <II'> () ? ~R' a'H 3 full a
8<':' 'l'<llel '>f'U rei! ilope' I <Iii' fell alll'H8l R 8;l' il"Il'o u-q'l ou'
() I uH'Cll 3C1G a ,;fo aioraF! ii &ff.ll'.l CIa i! III '>I,,'altl >R, Ill. &
revive q(PE~ I
(3) I'U ii tii<J H)oI61 ?i' ;jill' f" authorities '>fll fo<l'fE3 aH10'
<1f\!'>flij' UO t3al 'Fl :J' I ~o & &101 slllu'o' fHH ~<J F.lvl>11 tl&' UO
U81R
- aT Q",,' lIa' - B31 il I fER ""R3 f,"u Ho'REI - <JOT' f5/ '>I'fitp @o <i
H'o?; wlc?; <I' &E1 sl ~u';;' 0' ,,11' .Pi:' I ijil Clsl f,"v 1'\1 0/ ii8l
-
I "I'''" gll:ieJ '>?ll2.a!!. ESl~H ~ 21C'~ il"~ alaHilJ ~ lID! In~J l~"nJg2d~
IlhJ!! ~E!1! ""? nil ""J Ii E!eJ ll'.,HI:' I "g~ lilll!!. la~aHC' l'.E&
llll:! i!:2 IiI12al!.E!llHH "l:ll~[lJ~le IiI!.H f'~ I "g~ ~Ll?f'JE f'~ I Ii II12J
IlaJIHI: l21.2a.e.ii> ~il ,C'2 Ii 111& ~J,~1!j "g~ RIHl'.I 21f'~ !! l!:l'.E ll!l
12LH IlJ:lJ ~ 1!e ~I; !! l!:I'.E ll1nl lHal1 Iltl.e.,ll l?il nil llli!J ~ I~
I G ,1<12J g L.e 111!~ Il? laeaHl:' ll? hll !lIB l,"-2,Q~ (Ll
I )~"" .e,H~aJ
l!:IHl'lJ~ i!:2 ,~t,<!lE !\!- ~ !l?l'I l~ l'.1f'EJllaJ I ,il,el? ililJIf! Itt
E&IBIil 12la 1'.1; lE!g12~ ~aJ ~ el? t'l,Bl'.I:'JH nil I L"" ,L[>I1 l'Mol?
la~ ~n HaJ R IC'lE g nil I ,C ~~ l!~ ~ hoi" Hll IiI"'BJ "tt ER,aI
IE '>? LIlU''\ EaoC'l'I Itt IHal?H ~'H[> g ,g.l1l!J 1'.1; "Ii ~LE!gn IlLa'2
~ l2tt~ li!H'j:! l'.,hI! 1l,8J !,! IRI2!1'.1!.!2 InJ!J nlE81 Elal'.1l (g 1
I ,g~ eEl'! ~ HiE HaJ
'>?l??- I ~ l'.e HIlIf' Ilty!!!! spunJ l'!- ~al?H glHf' El'I~ "~ ,g HBiE,'>?
l'!- g~ Hll:! l~ H~ n .." EIllJ4 ,@l? RHoI:' E,Hal\j l"" ?-1.2 g,g Ll'.n H.l'.
Jell Oil! nil ~ ill" l!!lHll I ,gl? Hlf!E,aJ .e.E! Il? Hl3 nil I G IllH,
"~n 1111ll? I~B ~ ,l2tt~ l211JS:1.Jsn !! HaJ "~Jl: >Itt Bit ,e ll ~ l?
Rlllf' EIHal'lj le >ll~ l?aJIS:1. lllej el; \g~ ,2,!2ilJ f'1l'.I:J eles IRlhH
HIHE l?S:1.EH ~ inti! n,ll l"II1H nil I Ii l'<g @11:'1l l"" 2g211l!jH In"Hj
nll:! "1:l lHaeH i!:2 In!;!) ER~ e21llH ~ I'.BEEI !; \11lli112 (')
I ,@l? llBef'HJ lE g e e 1:'11211 ? ~ BIlII1H l'.1l'.1 "f:!Q
h'l!! '>?~ ,G e~ E1fu!l:l~ lefu!./:i "~2LH '>?aj I LlllaQ ll!.?JlH -Le Le-
':) aAI,n, ax 3 l.e le >la LRIl?1 IIl?j I lae l2.i!JlH l~ ':) aA!ln,aX3
le L2!:!e l 2H'j:! ~ Il:lelE 4b !?J If;h g Hf' ,f:! l'.IBl'lf Ie (17)
I Ii Ea,~1l ll'E!?j .tt llaJ I eIQ g BaJI12 full ~ 2lnl'.,H lHa11 00 b
~ Ill,!! lat[>l'l l?j Ii 1'lE. g HC' I Ii LeEE! EaJ,f'H C'gt I l12g La I!.~ ,t!
;:'e~ 1'.1; lE!gl2J 2ettej le ,g.2e.!! ~ ~ 2lnelH gnl I?J G alH~
I ,IRB IREaJ ,ttC' n il !! ill1L! ~ 2l"!!lH le IB,I: LE!(.C'1l ,~Q~ I ell!.
Illa I'>?.e gee. HI'laB ~ Ill,!! 1lI:'B La!!, ~ IlRJn l?jlE,? I iM Ill""
ht' i!:2 11~ !! I1EE: l'.~ SHIl ~ EC'>lIlH "l?IH gJ:l12 g U'-'El!:~j lHa,1

,to l. 1'I :;n~"A O N nv)!v 3KL dO sa:oIdVd 'IVll.N3 lJJdNO:J m~os

248 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

-&<J Re e8 ,,{W<'> OIa <11 tI~ I ~Hl<1 il 3t1~1i'l Ho.r<J :6<lHT?'al1

(8) >it!(! ii R'3 R"ii' 011 fl:cl Msl t!(!,,1'0' H~>I' u'W3 fa
~o CI' ,)5 I'll ~ B<1 ai'l \le ~>I' ,"' I I'll ;5 ~o -& >I<r'S ou1' <11f' I
;fu tRlS ii fi:m'o If' 5' I fHVali'01 CIa ii ~R 01' tl'Ol'f<!t!' "ili"a ~o
ii 81e l)f(JR'E ~' 3'fOl uH ~n ii B it I

162

(1) URa~1'5i101H Ioi'! 5 fCl uwa1 ale H l)fTlj ioo fRt! weo'O
~'R8, IR'tlE1 fa ~RE 1':6 ~e ii ij'tla Rot!'o .:ifilfea fFlUj >11 ii
~u CI~le 3'f~ 1'5'iia if' EOI meeting ii 81e f!!<1ol 0I0~'~ I Ra;?TO
;:r.r'<ra rAUj nominated ij'eo tit!'e ii'R8 ia tl'~' ~>l10I0 fR"Uj IR'm!"\
~ ii f<!R Kltiar ii' ~8'n' olor oul' <JilfT I fOl~'fOl f<!R Klfc"a! H' orE1
l!'3' confidential fR<I ij'tla'n or1 ITljR if' >iii! f~<!' ii ia W8~1"l'
til ii <faIl.i'i for Ri!or'a 301 tI'el olor or <J'0I1 I >iii! ~" B R,fua'7i RaOl'ol
i't!Kl 5' I f!!R Hlfe"a! ii 81~ 3ra' ft!8<r'01' B1iJ1~ I aEfOl eOl EOI 1:f1R
messenger 3t1 010 ,,1 fecio' <la' I ,,1010 H'~lf' >11 rifa fct't! H'eo'O
(Elected) Cll KlfiOi WE~ll' til 0I0'~ I f;;-1 f'll ~ ~'ilF.loT).j' ii ll3'
801' 5 fCl fR'<I ij'ao'O 011 Klfiar 9\1 ~ao ii 5arl I
(2) fRt! H'tlaro I'U>I H' a'3tl13 Claa f.-o H'~ll' til "'0 f;:f~
H'ea'O ii iR8' OIa "8' I rifa f.-a fRtl rifa r;]~ H-eo'O 0/1 30:6 ii OI~
ii f<!38'<l ,,1 tl'e fOl clafHe ;5 Ie 301 0Il!1 aTo fUnl u'E1Rl 01' ';;8'n
0111' il (fJR1'5O:Gi31'5 uRo orl 301010 fAK8' ""81 ao"'a3 '>fE"''''El
ftl1>t':63 Ra >ii~oi! iicrnOlo, Ro"il'O Hn'o-.f ",a ffJReo Claor i'i ';;8'n 3
i'i last session H' fin<J' ?I 0I1e io ;'j 3oralij' <It! Ra H5aK il81 ?I 011
il') fOl aiaf>fc CI' formula il fOl '>faro fRtl >lia fct'~ ij'lla'O f1tiR ii'
- .
lf3fua <J tl'~' 3 clafHe f<!R fa5 ii HOi'la' orfJOil >lia tl1i!1a ~ fOi
aiaf>fc fAT? 011 <!'<IF.! ii llI;!Na fu~ r,fO/C 'It"" ""5 ii amend "I' ?\~
faE R replace ~ ii f31'0;) I iorn fRvt! ii'lffio iil!l 3t1~1t! i oro
 SOME COlS J'lDENTlAL PAPER S OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 249

R'illiil l)i'~' I fl!R B1il '>III f<ie >iia rRtS ihma l)i'lJH ii' IBf"" 5 Olil
tl' I >ila atafH'c Ei request aa~ ~' fa -.i<l '>1'1.1';; ';)8'?; a;e' ~'iJe' ~
1l1;!tn1 f~R fllB ii ~'R8 il' carry through aa'e' >ila f~ ~ II't!
successful working aa'il ft' He;;! aii, f~iI ~ H,?;l ~cr ~' fa;:j
preliminary difficultles~' HRB?; S.G . P.c. >ilo S.A.D. 0/' lawful O/a'a
~~, ~eW' 0/1 Facrf\?l aia' ~?; Ei ti'5 ail' I t!lQ1a ~il ~'RBa tjcr m
a
f8\1' fCl ~cr iiiafHc R'a fl!?; liBaB'3 ii crB era~ "ja f"5 ii </'HWII
8(;T<! Ei Blil ila 3'll co-operate erail Ei f3'>1ra 5' I ~ H'HW '>11111'0 '3
ft' 31 publ ish era "hI' H'e, 3'fa uafB</ >iia \JaR 011 '>I'Tf.I a' ij~ 31
ci1afH'c ua 1.1;1 I
(a) tjcr ilU'Fl!3 "il~al ~ Fa fRtS a'RBa '>IlJGl HlfiQl il' ea
~'fiffi aiiel (standing committee) lit! fj'aa'?; 011 8<!' B' ;:i fa r:6aa,
;R;:j >ila fi!R3</B'8 i'i 3WH a'H ii RaH'H ~ >ila Ei~l aa ti~a1 Ba ?i'
5i B' I 311'H fj'aa'?; iJlI 013 Fi!<fi; ?i,J1' 5 RCla I fi!R aHcl ii' R01:!'a
Rrof;;!a fR"1JI, 3'i!1 ;:ill fR"1JI "ill, Rl!,,'o (\il'fi!<! mlJl "ill, Ra,,'a 3ra TfR"u!
~tlT R'fcra ti~tl ;j' I
(4) '>IT!Ji Rl!;;!Ttl ;:jfof;:a fR"1JI "ill 011 3"il'iliT Round Table
arn.:aR 'B1 ;:i f8t11 5 f<i'>l' ~il t,!a'<!l ar3 ii "ilOT a5 ij' w fer
recently ~ Cll Q1ollO ii cii!l ar3 <113 <;!i!1 ij I ~R </' <lH ci fi!8H
oill' ij I ,,1010 ijcr 31 f~ ?iill' ij f<i u;;r3 H'81.,,' Hl </1 'fl!Rtl'e ~
R'a ~~ R3aa ii ;:j Ji81Cl'3 ;;re1 ~ '>I'f<.'l' ~R ii' <:JH'al ar83 iii!l FiTaa
.cr'>l' W ?iiJl' I fl!?i ~iI' 1j/3' CIT U<13 - T!J3T;'iii !Jl! >ila Htiaa T11'8' 3H..-lil
.
ft' fila 0101 .pi! CI'fl!H </1 "il' R0I31 5 I fa(l'fa !J3' ?iill ci1aMc i\ fCl'>fT
. -
liiJl ~ >iia fCl'>f' Clfunl I erer Round Table ClT?i:6&R >iia lj'RCIa RU'e
ClHcl a f~R H' B'1l8 atl~ Cll f?iRa3 t;!ili illi il' ~s fulBa'" ~ , feR
-

Ble ilH ~ 3'il'B feR ~liT ii fiT'>I'''' discuss ?iill' </l'>1T I >iia ~cr
I:!?i'R8 RHS' ~ fa iii!l t,!lf3T suggestions H8 liB ;tQll "3 01C1 ace- a<!'
~'ai I feR B18 '>131 Hil'e'H' Ufc'>f'8 f ii i/Ol'>f1 </JH </ai </1 3H<11iT
ill ara3 31 "!S" '>fll il ?iiJl' Cloa I -
(5) ii lJo'f<.'3 Fill' a~8 '>flU fl arw CiF<i;:a ?i'lI i5 ROera ;:ifoi;:e
250 SOME CONFllJn;TlAL PAPEns Or tHE AKALI MOVEME NT

fFi'ui iJ f<P>l'li Oil1\' fOi f<it; r~li aa'f<'3 ua <JH'al If"" Ciaii ii f3i' i!
5', ~:'i Oil11'1l3 Gr<J fail il f" 1<:8 :3 fJii(l' ,,111' 3 l:!R3li<! a'3 ~<J
R H~lil ill<Jlii ;'i fl1 U:;!3 H,,, ..l,,,, til Oil 3a:<: J1 tl~ I 1f'~H ;]3' il fa
*
un ~Tfc a 3 f'll iJ iiEl 80 2 Ci' f.Hia li<Jl' <ilp I <Jii' 3 ~HB
"'"l li il fa lin ill iJH ii fde' iJ unconditional H<!<! 8 31<1 -e'ai I
~ u ollll ~li ii aa3' <:<11' "a~ -e'ai' ",ora llijIafi'l l:!iJ'8 &<,1 803
officially fa;;: }j'aal/i In.3 ,,1 al Hai'll R iia aij'a'i 3 ~R .. 0i3 '>flU
~ Ril 1/a ~R8' "a ffio; ' I
In short our opinion is that we need the co-operation of the.
Hindus as well as the Government to solve our problem. Let us
first make sure of Hindu support, then the councillors (Sikh and
Hindus) will invi,e Governmen, to fulfill its pledges and co-operate,
We will then find out on which grounds Government Is prepared to
help . It will be for us to decide how far we can meet the
Government's terms or not. The securing of Hindu support first
will have effect on the attitude of the Government too. In the
meantime do not allow any weakening in your pressure of jath a
m ove ment . This is the critical and psycholog,moment.
(0) U-:;!3 ,,1 a :;!a'lP faH ii' ;'i 311<!181",i 0i1'~?i Oil ~"a3
~;J fail ii fa Gurdwara Tribunal ii A'aalli 31ff <11 i'ifl tral fFj'\j
il'<Jlii I .. ali' <1H'Ol JH ii' Fia Hil t! ~<lTI, >ifa ",'ftfel .1 1/<,1 f"RH Oil
u ~"011,,,i U;!?; '" ~a il I f<!R Hlii ",'U U"1l'3 tll R atia
'>fa" OIa' fer
f~ R ll'3 fl' <11-1'01 '>i,1il ii i'laa If'?;' >iia
8':i:I Gr<J ;j tl'ii, fa Three
Sikhs as me mb ers-one to be appOinted by Government to represent
the minorities. ;?lata fd'~ >i1a fAli fatI 1!ft<!at'o al ail'~ fRo':
worshipper;] t1'1i' i:I'tCl1 ;), ~R U~3 ;:il Oi' draft a;;!3 1'", ;) ,
~c-Hi'l,!al '1'1'5' ",ai'lC" t:l3 f~a:G iia
Ifa",a' il l a10l1 ;'jR' l:!o'Rt:!
n~s-' Ail aa >iia Ropa ;'ifaft'o fIi'ui ,,1 >ifa ;?1010 R'fiial?i i! RllJ
)Hl "a' 0<1 i! flli'RS procedure '>iJ:lf3'>1'O Ola' I
Ra<!'a >lJ1H f~\lI ill H'o ii tI"tt'a ~'RH ..,;;1 H1f<!01 H' i:!Oo

aC5~ '~' I f'll ;,l H<J ' 3H' ill Oil R<J3 >iia fe3:G"Ol i! Bl~ '>1011'8 3);3
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THe AKALl MOVDtE:-IT . 23 \

ll,f.HI ~ '>{,~ \J,!,c!lll')T Ola<1"' OIa ~<J81 ~ "Ta ~' 1>10 '>{);1I'0'3 H' 13'f\.''>{1
Olil' I

163
lleTII lITli T 3 '!lal!~pol filII ll-ao1 3RW1;;)i
I. It is to our advantage to get the legislation With the co-
operation of the Government.
(a)
In that case it will be necessary to call a Round Table
Conference to frame t he Bill and walt upon the
Government. The Conference must have re presen ta.
tives of all parties.
(b) It will mean complete reconciliation.
(c) Release of prison ers.
(d) Appointment of a Council of Regency at Nabha.
The Government w il l not give any written under-
taking but almost all the prisoners will be released
and even few whom they wish to deta in will be
released on their personal assurance to co-operate.
2. The Bill to be presente d with the Hi nd u Sikh agreement_
The Hindus require undertaking on the following points:
Ca) Vote of no-<:onfidence.
(b) The election ofthe President.
Cc) Assurance of full support in all party questions of
which Raja Narinra Na th is the head.
Change of tact ics.

164

/l
~ (1llf3OJa
1J.RIR
1l1~ ~I!nl' l!1WTn luidl 3 !<!OI!1 3 );jl!lRT (iTII" Jlil1l1
( I) 101 181 iOl~'13 OIHel 011 K'Bl <J'83 f,,<JlrEo K'~f!~" <loTEl
arEl 5 I fEn ~ ljlll f\.' R <1"013 ""vi ~iiI ii' ,!61 nul' ilBfOl ~<J KOI~"
2;~ SOME CO~ FIDEN TIAL PAPE RS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

~' I a'~'e' R'f<la 11' e, lj <ltt'e <!flj'>!T lIott 1'10 llo il >iio ~<l ofll'>l'
l{;aJ of! ij' I ~o & sl11';T RijJ faJ,>!T ~ f" il."'1. I'll. AkalJ Defence
Commlttee) ~ lllR ~fll'>l' oul ij f<!ll l?lil ;'iA' f" (?o ,,1 a'3 1313 Fi l{'l?H
53' ij ~u li"BH' 111 ua~ll1ai'>< iii?> al f:6O!a ii' ~ I '>I'll & oj-u a3~i';
011 tltra3 oul ij fa a'etl l", fPf<Ja "-' feA 3au Hilt'W ~ tt'o' HfR'l
. -.
O!Hcl >iio illl 0!1 ,Po EI ,pfe'>lT 0<J1' ~ I feR R <wal 3f<lala it 0!r,:1
'iO!R 0 ll~a;' >ita tltt' 3<1"3 f~R o31tt, ,,1 <ij;:jTf~R .:!ijJT fll ~H ,,1
H'l?1 <IT/03 f,,301 "H;'ia ~ 01'01 ij f" ~<l '>Illl?> tl~al O!'ii' ill?le ..1 '>fa
<ifll'>!' O<Jl' fo"'5 R1<31 I '>f'tt ilH ,l'e;:r'e l R'fua & l:!R' ail 0' 3 1f"
~i1 t;f,,10 t!5 il' fOi '>f'a] ~o & fe~tl ' o' 0!1 '>Ie'feaJ1 ii' <lafaJt! .:!a o'
5ffil1 fHiJa'l'ol aa ir '>fIll il. 611. \,1. & aatl' .:!" 3 1fO! feR H<llii
al '3 tllO!l "'t" 0!1 H'il I '>f'ai iI "le u>l iiil a&
ij' f" f"A 3au liO!t!H'
& "l~ ~ <lIR5 O!le Hie ' I il;;l3 H'8~l'>1' Hl & ..1 ilH feR a'H ~ "le
l:!8' of! ij' I .~5 feo l!'tI' f"ua fiiUl Hl feR ,,'H ir "lil a'<lil oul' tt'
Aft, '>ItI ~ ..1 ~al RCIOIa'l1 il a'H ai'a] I iJwol fGO .;jiJ Oltllaa ij f"
'>fIll O!a." tl~a e' 3 1f" li""lf' al ,ja~l atR~a ;:ra1 a5 I '>I'll & <lH
saR' fffi'3 ~" fll ii 51 aatt' O!Hcl aT il. ~1. R1 ir oTH 5ffi T, !jTija
H' "a ul{'a' tliJ llfu5 TllI'H a'll'. f" '>f~15 ~a' Fi '-!Hl ',lal ;; ij' I
(2) iJii' fou'fe3 '>!ilRfl Fi af<lo' 1l'l3' 0 fa '>fOI,,,1 >iia '>fa'Bl
3 llaeRl 011 131il );1'5R' Bll,l'o ir 1:!380! '>f'tt a8 ll'l?Rl 1I"<i EI Bl~
R"'il 'i"R'o EI itel >iia ilrf~e' oul' aa R1I31 I i31il W5A' t!1~'0 lla
~Fi uHH alil >ITa ~', >iio ~,,1 ;:ra'o feRf3H'B a1 tI'31 il fll 3'B1H
",'il3' '>l't'Ml1' il feB' lIa "H-'>ItI-5fl{ 3 fo<l'f~3 ll'P '>fRa ~33' il I
feo fet' ~R '>I);1'1'a'3 R iilia O!l fo<l'Fe3 "f'~' fJ1BH3 'ila ooJ il',
88fOl ii ~H ~ f<l'>l'5'3 ~ Rvl 'iH'fee T f<l'>l'" 1I1il ;:r3 il' f'ilRl al
oil03 ue' 5 H'i'>< ~R aTt.! & 'ii/ATo UqB'o' ij fHA al ~v ~, 110
af! il' I ~>lo <lil' 3a'iJ "a?> ir f':OIa ):r' ij I <lH tlu '>I~aj,! ov1' 'i/a
R'il3 fil ~ Fi 91 *JI lIij', <i/a I>l'lli um ii' 91 8'l'e1 'ila' ,jja '>f'~~
'>I'll & >ito "Hiio aa'. f!!ll51i? vH'al Oltl'aB ~ fll "fTli RoB'a Hal'S
filUl >iia HaB'a <110' fRUI >iia elffiO "fllB'O il a'a Fi !jT3 '613 lIij'
 ~ 1F!:,l<:! e..ll& li2Hl! Hl:! l~ ,!:, ERtl:! ll:!l<:!J l<:!J ~ >lIIRJ 1l!IHl:! I G.l<:!2JEH
!;! nil gil! ll!IHl:! ,/.l giI! - 21.l<li'i Il:!>l,'" ~l~ I ~l(!ill I!ll!l<:! l!.gTh !;!
l:!{) l!'iu!H-ru::l:! ~ll< l:!ilj I Ii IEI!2l:! g 1l!J:\ I.I<:! g"" .(1 l!~l!. li!li!I,In-&
E"".I<:!jI~ t! H~.I<:!j lill!2 ,/.l ~g g 1Jl}2!l .I<:! 2g~H I gll:!l~ &l!e >lLaBE
1i!iIl!.J I;! El!El!. ~ llJ>lJ,n l~1 l!.I<:! II ,(1 lllil ~ lJ 12 l!l; 'lEg ,l~
~jH El!8! ll<:! g~ E.I<:!~ ii!1fl!.J I;! llJiM lJ~ - ~I!i! l!.(li! l.I<:!H1l
,/.l Eili.l:! !!~ I G tale ll! l!(!il!. ,,:! BIEl!. - ,!;I~J:t!!< El; g>l?- g IE~
?l'1Ilj ~ 'G IlJ.pJ 112 ll:!SM ll:! l<:!~ I!l:! l:!~ ~ .lleJ 1l:!1!2 ,(1 SilJ,~ II!! G
Iflej Il'ISij fu>lP:jEB glHl:! ,!:' ,~.IlP:1 ~ !!- E/,< G 11i'! HfllH !.-'l,SE! ll!2
In,ill SiJ:! l!ii!2lJ E/,< In.lJj 2.aJEj!;! l!ii!EH t! nil .:1!(;!;! (I)

Sj.lJn EU1Ejl:! ~b
1..../

S91

I .leg ""la l!.~ lHa,1 lal' II! la- 2:l!E ll! ~ g nil >Ef!: I!2IiEH Jg
Sillj I!2J G a(l ,G gJe ~ ~ll!BE l:!>&1l lJ:! Ill~RtH Eg[t (~)
I &!- El<:! l:!,JeIf l!Ef! ,!:'l:! !;! lJ g lil,l EBR lal' I;! J:!H ~.~
lJ:t 'lJ:t .e1E1 IlII lail I!aJ G&.l!. g all g E~.aJ SiI!2 (!:)
G l>E!!. l:!!!l '.i2' Ee >llnf ~ll!f! ~ ISiaJ g nil g
I ,gl!2 l!~,f!
latrE!> llJ~ G a~ leh ,!:,l:! I!2j .Ilt! 2.Ill:!jlll EIi!>1l l!1E1 I J!1.!- Ell!
.l!1!2 ll!leiiE.!ll!. ell iEli! ililUR ~lIi l!n Silnf lJaj >iI!P:1 t!
Ill"j ?- ',g all ~H.C! l!n gila I!2g .l<:!j gl<:! Silnl !;! E.l!.IlRI I?Il.n HIHE
l2!:,.!l eJEJ I?j ,g.e Ell! lil (!!!l !! cB(!jili e..a>l:! I .t! gg .I! ll!l~IEI!2l!.
llJ!!< ,(1 ,g,1l1>:1 l~.1 ~ I?j ,gil El:!Ifi'l:ea !! ~l!E ll!.H(! l' aEa
ll!. InJ:!j Il!l(! e..al!1l l' 1lq).1l Eii!>l:! n.1 I l!1,~ ,gi.i ,ll:! (!.leJ:! glSi t!
llE~I!.R ,!:' ,g,I!R!<e ~n.1 lailjol (!~ I?j .Il .l'IIij ,!:'l:! g lJ:! 1n.llj SiJe.H
l!,ael:! gi'! 22.j at! I G l!El:!Ilj ll:! 11!E ,~ !! ,~ t! l!1n .I!El!.J Hl:!
I ~Il!. l!<ela llllj '&l!E ll<:! HBii .esJl !;! EI!2.E len I ,g i!ll E!I!~.l<J:tj
,!:' >In ~nl!<e I!2j G ii!iljl~ l:!!!l.l<:! Il[t E.I<:!.l< Ilill I!2J .~.sHIl l' .el;

z ~N3W3AOW nV)IV 3H~,ro Sll:!!dYd 'IVILN3:0HNOJ 3:J"OS

??211 12le~ ,tllll~H2 e~ 2Bgh~ ~ tell:l l'l,1:!j 12j ~ lEg HHIH .e~ ~ tJ
I2lli l'l,HJ 1!2 I:! !2X1,!E la!I!:!J .e~ I ~ J!l~J;< II!! gf' la,l!:!) 2,tl2HJE
lelH!! ~ H .e1'< ~ ,l1:!2 121)E la~ ElM I:!jl.e.B!:f 12lel!jE .e!!< l2(l12
lelHI:! 'E Hl) 12J,"J Ii Illa HI!22j a;:' g He ,.eo IE la,!!e) lE ,la~
l>.l!!l2ll:ltl Ii IElI! ,I~ !!~ I Ii la ? ~.e2.a!!h eal:!< Ig .e" ll!<lallE ..eN!
Bill! ,tt ~e~ ?12 In~j paJf!j!; .e,aeH g HI:! I lteg ,ll!2 e/'!~ lag ,tt
ge" ill~~ .e1 gl~ 1M ~ 2"Hj!!jE e,aJlk2 ~tl"" g l2~ l:2H I ,~~
.e.I!! IHI:!~ 112 E,HJ2H H,H2 ~ el!! El!!-&a!! e-?JIHQ l;?- l2ttEl:2H~
2H..a ,I .e!2 l'lH2H H12~ Ie gg !?,E Ml~ ~ Ha lHJl21
!!jl!!B .e!!<
L:2Hll .e!!< l2(:!E L~H1;t 2fUejE !!gJ I l?,e 1.e.I!! al,l gI~ N e~ la,E. E!;
H! .el2 !!J!2 g l2ttE l~Hl! H!! ? ',?,2!! EeH iliaJ ,i'2IEie l!2 !M ~!tf'<
EJ,.ge g 2.fU.eje l!~ !?j '?ll!..a ,2g !!!!J .tl ?l.e le,H!! HIE 112 2B?n~
Haj I ,;< l'l! /iHH 1l!:!,2H n ll g 21!J !?"" I ,G ?IEB ~ nil H,2 ~
.en !!g ~ 12H2 ~et'J g HQ I leLEe. \e!.E2 '? -H~ '1n,!olJ l>.,t!~ llla.elJ (il)
Ill!?!?!:! lnJ:!j !?,E!?!2 .ea&s .elaeH (n) 'l'l.2JIn 'In.HJ eall!B 2J.EhE
ea,l!B .e.,aeH (R) -? -H~ 'lnJ:!J Ill;! Lalli (.e) 'ili'2le~ '1n"l:!j aJle2
.elaQH (I:) InjolJ ea /#J/:! e,aelJ l b) I ,?l!!'!! g lHa"" ~ E,IDlRj
.e1 ele lE lJ,Rl'!aj >l~ IHlJ2H 21.eB,tI ~ 2ll?n!1 !!teH I ?l!!'!! 1f'
,ll!2 /'!,.eE? ,tt gd:! 2E!?n~ IE 2,B!!j ,lJ 2g.l"!IH e!!< eLI:!,!! [2eE ,l!!2
ali) !?- H!! erl ilithH 1." HH"j Ha) ? f!HH leE!'!. 2"H)ejE !!teK< glM ~
Il21:!b e!!< le,ae!!,!'!. ell!1 all:! ~ E'!?IHH l!2 ,!ilJ,H2 E? g,H!! Ie. e
In):!j e.a.l2j~ .e,a.eH !?j C l:l'/<oR:) J!~,H!! ,E!,l:ll I ?le,!! 12g 1;1 l2!:l!? e~

?l!!'!! 12g ' HH~ lE ~ .e!!< 'Ii !?l:lEH !' l2!:l!? Elltln l.e,K<a!!~ l:2Hf!
I!!IH 1>l~IIH ~ I lll!f' ellEj ~ gg .HHIB ,J:! 2E!?ng. ,ail!:l till:! g,He
2BH121 (>~ 12 1!.1 '?lQ,!! 12.e.1!! .ee!'!.H ~ !:!ilJ ~ He & 'Ii 12~E Etohe
!!JII!.B la~ tJ HL!!ll!gn !!tela I? l2!:lE l~H1s 12 1!.1 .e,nB 1.e,K<E!I!.IQ IE
I:! I G l~? HEl2llltl IJ-l>.,HH !?~ te[g Fl,1:!J I !!!,?,l! 1m ?!Jg !' ,I?~
.e1 ll.,l>l<JQB I? lal,l~;.I!-!?liJ1l'!l2 I lleg EEl! e!!< ~lHl'!E I;IaJIIl ~l.H I?
,Btl!! ~ 'lie? ee f!,IEJRI 2I'IlI'!D HQJK< It:!~ E? ~~ ,!! EI!.~ lE gg 1>'-
IE~KIi l2JeJ '?lQI.El. 121!.E , et< gEH ee ,lQ2 Hll'! l~ eE HKJ alII

~NlIl~"AOI~ nv>{v mu UO SlllIdVd 'IVIJ.,,[TIOBNO:> ,nws ISo

 50 >IE CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS 01' THE AXAJ.! MOVEMENT 255

~ ~1'l3 F.l'45 0I1f' ~~I' ~, .;fo ll,fe" f>lii' R iislzl0l8 a'l-! r.::!~' ?l 011
..
01"13 ~ I O!a'~z ii' ill-! oj 0'''' ~w fGOIoT R'I-m CIon' T.iOal 1-!'8!-1 ,P>f'
.
~ fOl(l'fa Ro;;!'o i'ifciJ;;!<J fAUI -a OIO':;lZ ii' (IF! 01' f;:laa 301 ntil' I <P8 i fa
ii1?lcl0l8 01'11 ij;;! 0I0~ a' f"OIaT ;aa;:t ~ , .;fa ciafKZ n'!!T oj ii1?lcl<18
1-!'ll8T IB'3'l 3, feR 81e ael ,,11-1'1-!8Til foml 'i/0I3 ~T i't ;;!<JfHl>fTn
ii' '1>1' ora ~CI'?c 01' ll'feR ~ Ra, RT,!: RT<: il"<la il ;lIOT "rule, f&~fOl
iJl-! aHl f'n "" I'l'n OI'fell 0'1<5 a ~'R3 i'i ,,1 RH~3" ~ ;:P~', 8<lt1-
liSG;:I ~a' aijtij fa ~R' n' 5 fa fOiRI fOlPI-! 01' !!al';, fOlHllJa'l8' lIa
R'ij 1jf'I-!Il' a '!<J'll CIa e I <!!a~l>fIoT f!l8 a I'l~ <!!O~f,ij' 011 GfaR3
a
en' f,,~' -a if3' .:'lOl'n' 3 I ian 130 ~~ 5 ,pear', .;fa UI1TOI 3fuolOl
a n'iR'n uqilarr, fa 0' ill ilHTa flif'8 ii' fiml or~ 011 ~ ii UI1 a
~/) 'l~a ii filfTe' flm 1'1013 3" i'i <II-! ?l '>!1I<5 Hif..iI' HR?;;!T qi~o ii'
Ba;:t 010 ele 3' I 1-!'8~"'" R'filll a filS a' >iR>i,,' "lf' farl>fT 3 .;fa
!lfilR >i<l'fuR' "lora 81w far'>!' 3 I ~il fci'\il H'aa'o ~R8 fj HF.!'iI03
ri acr ~. I '>iij <]'15'3 ii' ael .;fa a'~n an' 010 Ril;;!'a ;ifciJB'il fiiUl a
en' fel-!'?;~Tal i't f'f1?T:;l5ar' I feR 81e ;:t<l 1-!'8..11>fT t11 l-Jli'.. i! oj fii'il
a
ii'aa'n <i'fll? I-!F.!..a' a a';;! ?'IIR orij' '3 ~<Jl wliOtl' '>!lIilll~ol
33H1I-I'3 ';;0 OTe -a H'a arofiic oj j31,>!T ;lI Ra3' 3 I f5~ fj 1l'8T <I~
liE' a'?;?; "I l)fata <JH <5 lI'l'l ail' 81f' '3 ~ illlF.l' a 81e ~?l' <iii' ii'
o'-fe3; al ,;fa "I)'o'llOll err tPfeR 5ar' I feF.! BIE '>!'11 1-!'8?1'>iT t11 R
3aHl1-! ~t1' l-Jli'~R orl ;;r~al 3aH1H IJill" '>i'II<!:l = fj ail i't ill ROt!TO
iifii'i'o fR"ur oj i! Ra3 3' I llatO liiil ll~al n<11' fOl ;:j tP3 ,,13 arafuc
R1;[' Rat!'a ;'jfaf;;!<J fFlUI R ~ a'll ~ ~R CI' fllaa '>ItlCl'Ta faRl ;;!lara
;:till' lIa al'>!' ;:l'e I il!-l'a T 3HO<I'ta<] 3 fOl ;:la &<11 clafKe fOiRl faRIi
011 mci3' 011 <1'3 ~h F.!~ 'Ia31 3 '3 ~R or' 1l0J:lT "I 53' 3,;fa 531H'
;;1 tl<Jl <13' ~ f" il}l'a orlaipi 1:10 ~Hle' K' 8at ;:t, 3 ~',;fa 3fuala
I!R3 5 ;:t'31 ~ ,;fa ~R CIT ffl'il i1'3-tll;; RH~3' a Jf3H aa B3' 3 I '>I'll
~al fef3'>!'3 OIil' fCi 3fva" ii fB'n-<l-f<l"l) f"l)i't1' ;'ia "l'>i' ;:t'e I 3a
<11 a'3 <113 a' 031;:t' or'H1;[;<ll <1 Ra3' ~ I <]HTO' f);l)i'C!' ~ fOl
;:til 3C1 RHS3' a1 ~}~" 1;[' a13-~13 'il'al ~ 3a 3" R'aor'
2R?~~ !!~ ,I! S!.Il~Jd:! .2gl!'H 2~J ~ J!!,~E i'~J'H2 ~ .e.e g Ii!! 2~
rn~J ea!?Jt!- 2L1~e::! .1:!'J!l! ,E E Lef! Ul2E. ati EJ 'Illl ,l~~ i!1.eeaJ gHf!
!:i !!Jt!.i'< l!:!aJ I,(? .E~ an Ren .lillll ItilES! e~ J!! elE HI!! !;l
ltill:!H .Iil!RH n ,1 e!! Re 2E!!l !:loH!i! ,~'B l2.R aJ I e.1'! g ~E

2~ ~H .!!P !i! !!l~JE ~ ',e'l'! g ,1a.J,i! jllS!J.!!!!l! .e.Hfl~ l.li~Jn tI

I:II'!J g , tI lEi!aJ~ lR!!< .H!:!~ !!J ,~ ,f!,e lie I!gt H~ ,~ g H!! l!lJBe!!
!!J ,tl ~.e Ii!! I~ti I ~l~,e'!l!i !2 _~!' .aaJ':!'. ,i!<II'!J !:! IfulI'!.J ,!:,
l'!aaJ ~ [~2l! Ii!!-I'!I-HE !!J .(l ?.E!. Ii!! !!J~I!!J I g & aaJ<I ue
f!2E [1l!!J 2n H~ [2,t<,HF! ll! !:!aJ!!J.C ~,e Ii!! ' ~ 22 2l!! liB
.l!l.gB ,~ EeH LIl ,EeHR 2Le! Jl!!B,R 2fB I f! /!:U:/.RJ2a ~ .lilHa 2t
LRtll!<-ea Ll! leE [Rl!!J illtEa ..e,H~ IlJ ?.E!. .l~lI Ii!! elEH tl HI-j!!H
,i!,2aJ <!! 21l est!}{ en ,Si!:!~ !' eI! .liLi'/I!!i! Hf! IlJ ,tl t!gn an
.tiLE!.! Raj H~ lot .etEa ~ 2tlj2lf' I ~ t' f!2:.RH Ee2E. BI:If! LIl n,l !'
n,1 HL! !!JIE , tl2 f!112.1 !i! HI! !;I EI.Ii,!! ~ f!R..H f!g !!J el!!J.E!. !' n,1
ll! B,R I C f!2l!'. !:!a,l2K ,1I2l!! HaJIl!! ~12 ilLS> .e~ ,~ e,lMli"! ,!:, E.eH
[I!! gg ~,t<!! &H.~ gil ,Il n<l I!!~ ,C.e.:..HF! Ii!!!, R~ '!?,(?
H~ ~12 t! l!!R'i! tl ,~ 2<1EJAA {! nll ~JH leI! ,~ L2II<I 2n iliH<IH
I!!~ 21! !;I I ,~tl SiRE! !i! gJI!,H gaSH !2 n,l 2~ ,[1 iliH<IH l!:lllJ H~
EJ ,I!dl. ,l~ H!! 2t'< I g {!I! g 2JIl,R.el:!E IF,I!! 2t l!'.1!!..a !:i Eilil~ g,R
nil I Q lHtili 2n nil {! ~HR ~tI e~a SilHIE [I!! Rf!.J la ,If!l1 LIl!!< !i!
nil ele Lag .g H~ I.a leN! ,Q lH,l/as !:!JaJ.B ,1:I.a ~ H!, 11IP!! &
.Ii[aBE ,elEa ,e,HI! .et ,g ,ER,e <!! ,gall ~ 1lJ,~!!J III t!~ ,211i!!
EJ 'Rt! ,Il ,llE! .el:! e~ ,Il ,Il.HJ ~1J,a ~ E1llll!!f!JE L!! LEIJ.2 [Il ,gaR
1I~ !i! I\i!<, g H!! 2l'< LIl ll2H 2[l. Eea ~ i'li!J g,HI! !;IlItiJ I .LIl ,ll'!~
,gaR: til HREJ lllt!! l?!,< La l!! Hll!!j!ill!!!i! Ii!! g 1'111 IlJ III ,f!E
ta H l:!aJ E!e!:!J ,!:!,a !' geE 2!.l! l.e.aa an ,&ill ,HH.H Ig /l<l g H!!
I el!!Ja [!if!.!! .e.f!E,ilJ Ll!! llJ:1,lIH EI!?2. ~J I ~ ,[ell paS.IIA!Jd 1l!l
lelluoPYUO'!i! ~ Ii!! l~ EIII:! !!~ I g!! la!;! ea.l!!p. [E H!:!!!!J \!:II!J !!J tl
BHH 2t'< deg ,[~1I E8,I:! i![~i< Iel! iliaj ,I! Eaj&B 1~l:!

.LNm~!lAON nv)\v !lH.L!lO SU!ldVd "lVIJ.N3:0U" O:J 3:WOS 9Z

e,1:! lE EHl~ lli~ LE 2~ HI!!-!!J4-HI!! JI!! '~I:! Jlle eSI:!K 2tl g~ J:l:lEl:!l
l!l!! 51 !!. 2!b !!ajJl:! J2 .!<EJHH 2~ ~ 2~ ,Ii ge g
21; 21" eBB JSHI:l
HH,B ,l! "l2l!E ~~ I:lJIl:BI It- IlJ ,gl!! Hli'E!lJ [I! ~ nIl (c) I Jey!2
',El,Qa '(i 21IE) ~ g2E l5tlae!? Ee ~ ,!:' ~lK,E l!l HI!l~Jl ~ l:laJ
21; '~ ~tl ~ I:laj H~ R,!:Ij H,HE ',~ lall! La 2,212 2Bi}ll:!tl~ ~,a-lIJ
5:?a la,l!!l 21!< ~~ ,lj I:ll:!j ,Jj J'H~JI:! !?I:! !!aJII:! 21!< lBI'!J1 llaJ 21!< ~ ll!'.[!
EH21n ,a?J,H LE ,B~J L2l!E Iln!:in ,!hl2212 L~~ EJ ~l? gila I Ii
n2JIH ~ aJ2H EI3Jl 21!< 2,ttJ2[l! LEIln LIl 2~ 12J ,e,1:! ill!! I:l,h gHE12
l!,aIl:JI<B ~ ,.L2lj1l ~t! ill<.!:! 2EJHH I<n 2aJ ?'2 ,h !!'.AA l<e~t1 Bb
EJ ,?,2!l H,I:!~J t\,l (b) I; c~ ~ C Jail ,lj g,B tlaj g Hn l'!~
It- Si'[?H~J I C JILa J2Jn Efui t< EI'?:; [12 ,l2 t'E Ht 2aj Galk<Il:J
J2IH[? Ej JI:ll;! ,tt ,~tl Ll!! 2J"iJ2[l! BE RHj e,l:! ~ 1:!'2JI ,!i l!!~ g,H~ [12 Bb
g la'22J!l L~ 2J2,a2t1 LI:!~ et 2Bg2B2!KL!!. {1 EEllO.tt 2l:!EHj'!
L'& gJH~ 21!< Ii ll:!2 l!l!! Hd!! ll! [2l:!J5>JBtl Le,HI:! g ~ ll:!e loB atal
LIl "l2ljl!! 2aJ l!.Il!l I li2g!l LHI! QIE I !leg J2BE H,E IlL~-2E lE
l!1!< ,tm I ell:!~ J22,~ ,L~ JHl:!g ,tt~ Ilj ,~ g~ en JI:!LE!ll:!aj 21!< ~
,1[12 l![l! en llaJ g HI:! I Ii Li2!H e,2 l21K[? EIi"E.i1 ~ t1~11<1!< ,~ ll:!2
ili lal2B ffl2!iE Sit ,Jj ilil:!j !lil en EJ ~ lA'aJ g tl,1 (I)
aJ,tlnei2 EJl:! b
V

991

I ,I; !tlEI!! E,fu[? ~ ,g~ EI!< I; Lai'! Lal:!

aa),f L2J21H.E! [!! ~2lO Ln eill<tl ,gaJIHI:! ~ l!1:! .2aj l!!J,~ej '112g I!tlJl~H
Eaj I:!!.\j g ,~'I:! ~.aJ'H {1 ~a LfuEI L~~ ,!i 2Bgh~ 1<121 ~J2Hn
~ L2!i'l en!,l2tl &,12212 L~1;l1 ,? BE ,gHl:l I;! 'Htl~ 13B,2H {1eE
l!taa a!! 2tl lOJa llaJ [E hll I !leg ,2 H2! t1J~,1! g ,?,l ~a
elH ~
gR2 HaJJI!! ll21:jO 2n,1:! ,1 2,ttJl!r.e Le ~ i'J,H ~ L2ljE li1H}! 2l!) g
ilili g Q..8 aH,lea ~Kl 2n ,lOeKll 2tl 2HI EillaE l!I:!. EI!< e,1:! ,Ha

l,~ J t-;3W:oJACl~ nV}jv 3 H~ ~o S ~:oJdVd 'IV!.lN30Idt-;O:J m'Ws

258 SOME CONFlDENTI.~L PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT

fOl ~ ~iJ ilTiJO' "3 a ua ffiI<I'a ~ (')'a'il (')' OIa R0I3 ij' ;1 liE! OIl l!1
l:!ll'f!m3 OIa8 lja f3i la l'>' ij' I Roe'a a'!!II'a fllUl ,Ptl'-Ri lll <I' fHR'H
'>I'll a R'H~ ill iJH ~ ~Il ~ ilj~i! Cla a Cl'G' :Glfe'l' ~o,r~i' il 'lia
feR 3,1'J Ci'H Clilil iJfl 'liil 11'13 il '>!F.ltl'R '>I'tR:' 3il:G OIa RCl3 il I vH'a'
f'1B'1'R :l fa r,ffil 3ilv' 'liil ~ac a R'll OI'H OIa5 il iJfl OI'GI <li '>Iffill:G'
lja If'feH Cla R0I3 il' '>f'lj '>Iljiji! OIa~ ~ 81~ ~e 1I'-a~tI '>Illtl'R <11
eriic1 1iI(')' B' >ila RaijJaHl il Cfllf ~~ CIa B~' I
(2) ffil'l'a iifaiea fHui ill '>flU <li ilR' f mf' flT~1f tluai!'
fHB if I fflililll'?l' era ai i'li vii' f~' fOl ~v fllHB i'i fCIi' fJ;'>I'8'3
B era '>I'~ ~' I fOl'>fl o1afH'c RHta' ~ 1:1 if' ~H <l31 il w <'>VI' feR
'1'i'i:6'i3 "ai lima iJfl Rfa-'lR3 '>I'll ~ HI.,aC ffiTil' <I' er'~R VI' i!I:G
ll'8R' 'l'''''?l 01' o1afH'c 'lia '>I'lli t!ClfH"{ln 5'?; er' 3tl,ilil a l;!38
ae' o1er a'~ nul' ;:! R3 I
(3) '>I'1I?i fHII' il fCl 0c'i0r~ RfiJlI ii' RaCl'a Cl1lJTHR1 8C11i'
R' flT~1f <l31 ij >ila iilJa Ra",a aR""a l:!iaa Cla ;:! 3 vW f'>fI era(')'
,"v,~ I fi!R a l;!3801 vflTil' al~ 3 fCl '>flU i'ui fffi'F >ila 1{11 a
ilal>w ~1~(') IItllJ1 era B' fer ROCl'a onClre' R'fvll W aR'... a l;!<iaa
OIa?i 01' fll'>l'8 all3' ij ';;a till Fi '>ili'H"a' fer tiiR' v'83 fl' ~il iJOfalil
R<Jle' ", \/(') ,,1 "we1 liO IJlo' 0' ia?i;:! I ljfm~ 31 ~OI <':61 aR""a
l:!iCfa a'~ fl1?i 01' ~<J 'lC!' 11'1 '1Cl'3 liO tiitl'~llo aa;5 i'i WH5'
<J:GI <':6' ij fuJi' II', '>III 3' '>fill fC!R 3ilil Cl'H ~'I '>filIa 1I'~'l fER
~ 31 o1afH"c 8 aRl ... a l;!iaa OIa ,,'iT 3 vH '>I'U ~ l:!i'i'RII a'~ B'cii I
(4) iliR iJil' uaW rna ill '>I'lj a 11'11 l;!<i'lH'
flT~''>fI ill
la f~ a 1::!38a ft.lCl'O iiI'O 'l~ if I ~~fIal f1l5 ii iJfl?i 1>O':GC
alw tl ~il 3' mAaR al>HT ljT I <!!a~'>f'O' f1l5 fl' fu'~v a 1::!3801 ii
tl~o ij >ila ftlR ~ l:!3HOI i'll aT i?3a'il il ~il l!l f"ROIR 0I1i T fari'
tila ~R ClT lI3O' Wila a'i l far'>!' 'l' >ila fIll<!l iitI,F.lo RH5' aa
1:1 '
H'8<.il'>f' ill Fi "V' far'>f l II' fer fti'e 3'El<T a
RIlf ljT3 <1'3 (~II'3
a
<113 ~iJ 'Hl\JiI 3<J:G R"a B'j) Cl'a ~iJ feR lI3il' a
fflCl?; a, iioo
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 259

ore' I t.fua ill fti'>!'''' 311 I'af~811 ~ ti'if H' 0"" '>f'~ ij I lIt'U ?i
",'f<J~ iil'>!' :t fa ~<J fell H'HlO' ii ilC!"iiI 3a fm ,,1['<5 al <m>.l ,,~i'<il I
<i'R5 ~ fti'~ ~a'O ,,1!Pil3 ft.lClC! "a~ ile Uil3 ill <5 tl3H'fel' fa ~<J
1''1 OIl "'01 fi:i'lt' &1 i!!C!~I'a' res ~ H'H5 if' 1/'"" "a'a! I ~R' fif
"'"' ofat!C 0'11 >ifa are CI'H IlCIO e'll Oil ~i:3il! ii (i'i u'\ir3 ill ~ ll'iI
'ie1 :'l i'i Vil3 ill ~ ilH' tl3'el) H'~ fra' :t I
l:!c1"H' ~ iI'a iI'3 tI13 0!C!3 'le U"or3 ill?i iJil' tl3'f~ for '>f'U
", ~R tI<;!3 H~3:t '>f'uii l:!oi"H' ~ 310 fti'~ 0I1e I uf<J~' f<:i'R'1 lil
f-fH,.3Ra if' ~ l:!R8H ar~CI! ~ "'if;J ~HiI orilcl if' 5' rWil I'iWcl
-a "rful! CI~ if' RaOlli! Oil ~ iiClll', >iia '>flfIH11' ,,1 f1:ll ftlt'H'3 a
a
fe",t.I RClOI'CI if' a.!~ ~ !Pill ~tilW' if' fa<JT QC!OT I ~Ra' f<lF!' lI';rr if'
11""5 I 31Ra' fd'1l' 01"1' -a R""5 -a l:!3HQ ~iI-w.m I ~ if' Bl",'o lila
'>fli". tJlo 01' H'H8' >iia ~11 a
- H3HQ - .
g Hel 'liM ,,1 a'<R'e1 riio <iiaflk
if' i.J.~1 aHc1 >ifa IlfQ'51 "8 ii '>fO-W~5 "jijRleao ala'a .!o' I
tffl3 ill & a3'fel)/1 fa RaQIi! if' "f-ffJ.3F111 H' a'~ ~ ",,,3
'>flfI811' i'i 1/'"" 5(iT >ifa fllCl i.J.~1 aHc1 Oil feR 1/'"" OIl ftlll' ua
~til1' ~ fa<J' CJ W ~ aHc1 ~ feR it uf<J5 ~ Rtl OI'l? ii, lI'<J ij<J
a~ a ~8c ;T, t!lIl3 CJ W ~ >ifa fe!'! l:!oi\lH' H' i'i ,,1l1 faoro1'>f1
alafKc ?i feR ~3 i'i ufm~ <11 'lel <JH'a tlall8"'6 80l'e1 :t' feo <i t.I<J:6
~3' ~ I
'll'lii fd'R' ~ l:!38"or '>f'uii a3Tfel' fa 1''1 01' (iTll' all:!3'8a
aii8f.1o ftlHQ5 5i1li1Hc ~ riio ;'j a'iIIW3 <JH'ij tJlR :t'?<J <JlfTa1 or'61
il~MO~' I >ifa <JH ~ i!'!' 1l'l"8 <JIll 8 all <iel a'~ ff.lCil1511!<J1'
,,1 I fe!'! 51e '>!\l'S3 il' <JH va fe!'! 011 ftlll' va <ie1 ilIf0:<:3 ' lI<Jl a
Ril31 I 31Ra' f,,!'!' ~ l:!3801 '>f'U <5 53'fe'>!' f" '>f'V O!T "jil1~f.IO ftl8"~5
tliI' tI' >ija ,;J<J H<J'<JTilT it tla<C8"':;: "jill~F.llI <iiaflk 8 '!t! Vf<J5 8a
Oil'>!' >ifa '>!ilICI 15'i1' orl fal'fe'>fl >ifa <JH <5 feR if' iiel i!7:'iI Bl'>fI -i
<JH'a' <ie1 'IRa 0<11' I H<JTCI';r >iia \j'R O!C! ~ H<JTll'lI1 a RI"ij tl\lR80l1
it !PB ,,1 iil~o Ii' <:'feflO;; Ru1ftIi} i'i ~e1' ~lI ii 0!T~1 tlRc'l:;:re1 ";31
:'j' I Bl~ fa '>fliil VTO ii' H'HW "QTilHOl H'H8' ~ I fe!'! me ~ ~
260 SOME CONFIDEXTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

H;l8"or
- iifJ<:l , qfj"l orl q'o~,t'l <:101' <ltl'?)<1 cr I ft'n 31-I'H iieaii'
- <l'S'
I~a i;i I-fe ?)ila a'f 01'0 Uif3 iil 01''13 cr' for <Jwa' i;iA ~3 fJiI>;!3 () I
iI\F13 ft'A 1I'3 01'1 fr fq <JfJ .:ia Fr ft'A al Qa~l aa' >iio aTafH'" i;i
~R i;i fll'fjf8"F.! aa' I Liif3 tll a' f;;I'I> vfq aTafHc ~ ~o -& It'!'83 ii'
iI'<Jo aa?; Fr >iio ?)'.' i;i lj3'I>, I'll~ q'aliI'3 It'!'1>3 ii' LiB oro~ Fr
<JH aTofH'" al Qil18?) 1I<}3 o'il51 lIO' B'iil I lJ"iB tll ilIfu3 il' for <JfJ
H'f<J A;1l1a ii' IR'lI1>l ii' "!.fJ<:l aii"l ~ lI'ii ii' olafi-l" ~ 81<1 ~,5"
~aor lI?)'B'ijj for Ifhml a' >lBo >iia "lUi It!'83 ii' iJH'a' a'H >ifa
w<Ja iJwal )./R3"I> fHiI'tll >ifa ~all'?)l ciiafH'c i;i l1H~3r i;i 81<1 Htl't,la
aa eall I I'lJ H51t!H' 011 ';!ol 30<1' Qo ..l llo ~<l' Bo e3 l'l' >iio qf<J3
5' f01 I<l1O iJ).j ~ 11"'83 ii' I'lJ<O"l tlA"l;;:liiBn ?)'.' i;i lI'ii ii' a'fe).j
aa ;;1 ;3 <JH'a1 O1'H{;!r~l {;!~l?)l ~, >ifa Cl'0Ii=!'3 iJl-flii IJ'A >iiil 5' fq aTafH'c
-& 'ffl'l BafHt!al1 ~o'7>l lJilall I tl~ crflll' a1 fofl?3 01' iJH ~ ftlora orl!'
>ifa oriJl fq <J).j 1j?)'A~ Qa ..l oraeS ~ ?)'q'~I> il' 3 I'lJ ?; ~3'fe!' for I'IJ
Oa"l tlao " aa' >iii! efor
., 8H<O"l ollf"l 01" 3H'H llaalo'H ri'ia 8<:Ja3 '>I'tlH,reF.!
ii' 5, feA 81e '!I"o31 3a lJo '>lOla ijH<O"l qiicl 5 ~ol'>1' al <JHI"at!1 <J'A8"
"07>1 cr 3 ~Fr 12'8"3 ii' I'u( q'H -& tlR"hl'!:!l qaO' ~aI' >ifo (A
ii sl<1 )./o'R~ QIl..'] "T lJ.<lO qo?)' lJilJl I <JH 31 H's;;lI'>1' tll Fr ft'3:G'a
a'\! a'f3 5' ri'ia I'U Fr ~()31 qa3 il' for I'll ?; q'tl aT rt!!'8" at! 3
<;!e '>I'l! -& ljorBH' 011 Qa~'t'1 il 8"le ,;fal fi3i1'H OIaO' il''ll<1, ~al)' feA
ii Rlj3 'iii A'?) 1l~;0I' I
Ui13 tll i; ft!{18" tl''la 011'>1' <I' for OIiicl il ,;tS'n ;'fAT fOl !A
al BT?) 3ol'tl' "031 ~ ~R 7><J1' f?)"S3 I '>I'll if ;re'o al 306 3<it!'
t'I>'~1 al ri'io a'l' ll' f" I"Ao <J'S3' ii' lii<J a;jl ~a'tl ~'8"1 ;')31 l'l
>ifa >iiwii' }l' lilll"/lal' R 91 or'H 811' ,1'3' l'l, >ifa ore1 <J'S~' }l' iorcA
ii li3sa li7>'A~ 3f<1lor'3 31 7>,il' al tl'31, filA H fq Hm' lla ,,!il' '>lAo
U<l3' cr I iJH 91'>1'1J & {;!<11 HF.!'C'a' e3 ~' for '>I'IJ ft!R <I,ij fl' '>I'~1
iial Nil' ~' ri'ia &f88 "ij' fa '>I'fit!T liiiJ 7>OI,feA <JJ.j1'ij >iil>,i;' }l' 7>'
<]' I Rq' fa iJfl' H'''!>! ~ I'll <5 ll~f13fR"l "lu'ocH'" fl' 01";;:1 '>I't'H1
01,<1 ~e l'l', Hena fGO 91 <JH'al O]'I'a;:l l'l f<'l 3H'H >ifs'7> "ij8"~ R1.
 SOME CONFIDE NTIAL PAPER, OF THE AKALI ~!oVME~ r 26 1

il WI''''a iRUTa 011 ot.l~ il ~o OIa R'f':'>I1 5<5 at;;lKl D' 1lj.~3' til
i> ll~ ;Ia R'>flueTfJo!!T~ t.l'Utl 0I1!T llT f.. oH~ f':R ..013 RH~31 <i
ale <f.:l nervousness t;p OIH;Ial t.lIUtl 0iI1' OIaol ;J'vli?, ..aOI vH' i!6:
,,1 <lIRa 0<:11' 5t111 I Ol11-'>It.l-ClH l>flhrnl <i ii1WR 301 <I vH' ';!t! Ht.!';!3
af\lOl "i/ltile I

( Ii ) ilH f.: Ii Riil tla )fIa..)>>I1 ill >iia ale t.lre l ;;os alK <i
Kll ..a<i 1;!3'1l0 <iel f1li'o o<l1' e ail I o'o-<i-I'~co l>fRil'll '>flt/i
~cih~R f31'a 010 ad 5' I ,1'5 301 fOlAl i> I;!ciH5 0iI1 ~ 0I1'>fl, r':A
"'R3 vH ~v OIfv 0iI1' Aa~ fa ~ [1l!'o'3 e ~<ii {;I' 0<:11' >ifa e'cil 3
f..'>I' I
(6) '>I'tI i> f811' <II fa OIHci <i ll'iJil ~ OIIH ii ali? ~ftl!'
,,1 OIHl \!qH' 5 a<Jl DI f:;:sv'~ <lH '>fltl <i a'~ e3 fr' fa' >!j'lI 9'<:1 (l3H
fRUI >ifa !JOT fRUI oo"~' A'f<l!l ii ilK' i'i <l'Hcl 011 ~[tI'>I' D \[<1 ~o il
Hi aT' >iia Old' fa <l'Hzl <i f':A ~ ~ftl!' 011 t.lo\!3 D feR ale '>!'tI
fim 30<1 5 iiHZl 011 ~[tI'>fl ';1'lIJl 'la' I
'
(7) Hii3 f"alj' a'K oj 1;!3501 tlOa8" "Hzl iAS' ,,11' fill'>!'
II' 1 !A <i 1;!35a' iloas a'Hzl >iiillBOIfC'< iiHel H' ,,1 ~iifg~Ro I.JfR
'l'>f' 8' I filA f.:aara of}ll 011 f!!O' tla tloeS a'ilcl }j' 0Jd1l3' tI'll
"hi' <I' I ~<I vl afilRcol 50T 8"'t.!Kl D I
Aat!T(J iitI f)j'UI ill il 0I'0It.l'3 B OIa iiiil;llems "6 l f':8 <i ioo
liaH~ 'la' >iia <l}j' ~a 00l~ '>!aA'S ail' I

167

(I) ilK >i~ ws ..l'>!' ill ~ 'l'l {;I' 9~ 3'ail1 301 wiia 313m;::
8"'i il al~ fall air D' I
(2) [ilo Macal ij' m;at.l % aRaoa f!1f<l!l ~ fHffi> ii 101e
262 SOME CO)lFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE !U{ALI MOVEMENT

FtI~lIR3 a
011 ~l. fH<Jo~'ol 010 '>I'll ~ }t' R \i<! ea feFIHIi' Fara'lil
R fSB'<J mlF.!' I ~ ;,1 ~3'~ llfe''>I' ~o 011 ~el l:!8'0IT3 \jel W 0<J1' I
- ~

a
.
<Jel 3 fal' <Jel, '>!oro 0<11' ilel "3 fa" ~i'I<JT3
.. 1I0 f~o all>fT fiJ!l' ,
feR l>fTH H'HH 1:138" lIaf8fRcl ii Ij'ij ii' >If'lI fal>fT a'a~'el 0100'
e'
;)'<l3 I
(3) t!R~' E<llt!l ;la Ji' R;i OIfo<l3'01'>1; 011 me15' >iia ii ~
e' - - ..
e
;)'<Jo 011 atel ~o ii H3801 <lH i5 '>ilfflT<! Ii' 1Iii1' ii ?tlU'3 1i3'el
E

ore1 0' ~<J ?Tael <J>i'a liofif8':6 1i\!3 Roilo fe8;:!'H'3 5' >iio ~o 1I0
a'iafHc 011 30.: R <I>ila liofllB':6 ilao~3 1I0lihiiil' orl'>1' weat' I '>I't)
e'
feR ~ij fI' il!! tl 3?il' ';;0 lfTllH ail' f" ~o fe!!il'H'3 ii' Rt!T0I3
fa'>!' 5 I fe'R ~ >il i f}l3RO }t' ~R' fa mr ~H ~,fHRCa "'!'l' i'l1
;'i fa l>fTB f!iill'>1' iH ,,1 E<lRl'>l3 0<13 0' l>fTil <JE e' I '>!'lI ~o
. - R
t!0,:!l'R3 <rii' f" ~ feR }/')18' fI' <JlfTOl feHt!T<! lAB <1'8'3 3f<lala'3
ora ii J;!'fe''>f' act ii' ila' I 3fUclla'3 ~ 8le ~01 e fa iltI' ilillII' i'I<J;
fa OIf0.:3'a1'>11 '>IH8 ji' 8'el mer e' ';;a <!10r0 at'' ji' filR ;!at<JT Gl<l
feBtl'H 80l'fel>fT far>r ~ fa <Jl1 ;5 ~el ftl'>fTtl31 orl ~, ?\It ii' ac Iiii!'
1I0 '>IR8 il'8'3 H'~H ale .Fe' I
~ii o'~'''' !JOI3 QT}! tl'511Cl 3I:Ial:6 5 tl' o.i ~'I ~o </1 HBtl
R lA' f<iRl >iia ~R18 R ~ '>fR,1'1i i'i ;i mf0:63'o ale ore ~' Qo i'i
HB'Ol'3 orl i'I'~ t;t'7il;la ~ Ii'ail' i'i ;i ilIf0:63'il ~ ore 5'' <JT8'3 Wl1IH
- I :=
ale i'I'e' I o'eil'<!' R'lila a <Jl1 "ii'<ii >iio mfo:631CJ 1i!~T?i il f0E3B'ij'
R '>f'U orii' 31Rii t!R.:I Ijijl<!l ;lll' ;i ;:rr ail ' 5 QR i'i il'8T3 H'~I! ale
iI'~ I
(4) l:1l'ftJiP>fIllfTR fH;t i ii<J <JT8T3 a;:rf3l;ft! lI'IRH ii<J
<J'8T3 t1 ~o R>iio Qo '>iEJ,fTR A fil?i lJO lI3'fel>fT tp3' :} f" <Jl1 ~
iill1lH all>fT ~o A;,'I '>!ilIo ij ~ j <J'8'3 I!~ ale ~ I 011io~ >iio
feFI3:<JJlJ'I' ria' ;'i ilwij lIOfi:l8':6 ale me 0' eil ~ I feR 3l!TI! WHl1I'
~ aoia faR! eo 1lJf<'i'RlI ii!'O~'el ;jill 9T<Jle I c'ifJm ail' f" fHRc<!
lilia' R'f<Jli tl<J 3f<Jal"T3 "ii' I '>IQTO fem1 .:if A ~il t\;:r ii!'1! Ril
,.t! @iB 1:Ia.J tt ,~l!~ll! ~ ll!1B1tl l!/!< 1:I~!l!! ffi'I~j~h l!!j w.a.a
~ nil I,~ ?Le g as jigS !;l~ II!dl ~ eT2 ,~ ~ la.B (S)
I_a
"
Jl:leB
-
Jn 1l!!. &aHaj h1l ~ Hl!lH '~ I ,gl!! a,akaj ll!! H!!E,H '~ tt J~i!!
lJ:!lalll I:>.~ !?j ~ H~tH liM ~ !l.I:!j II!! laLe I.l? !1lEmI l!h !l.I:!j ?lCtEl
l2~ ,!<Ill!!!. ~ ~!f llli~ tt ,gl!,ll 21} .lilhl !?- l2t<12 l:2H? ,tt
~tB l:Iaj I 'l!~'?'1:! Ill12 !!.L!<IEJ ~I:I,a ~ l!!t:!Le ~ 21} l!I!< .?I:! ?ll!! H:li.H
EIH~ llli!l l![<t 'gIl! Illl!! Hii.H JEh II!! 21} !?jlE ,laLe le l!n 1:I.1lEl
::leJ I IlmJ .... l12 ,tt Hel2!!Jl ~ n.... l!12E!) J!? 2Ij,~ !1lStI:l ~
ll:l 21f 2H1:1H I Ii El!eE! ll!! a.aH3) le Hl:lej 1:13j ~ h,l e) )Jilj ,lae
,!<IlElal n 2IJ Ii l12 .\ill'll tl ,gl!,!! 2~ glH ~ a.aHa) ll:l~ ~ g I:Il:!j ~
Hl!lH 'tl n .... I ,~I:I 1112 El!j'! ll! ll!1B1ll IlLelil. J:!l!E ll!! HI!.EJH '~
~LH ~ ~IlHJ eH.I'H g.Hl! 12),E I ,~ a,aHa) ll!nl12 2~ HI:>. !?j ~l!!'EI
.!!J:! I Ii ,Ha~H ,i!hll 1l!tHJ:! IHa~H J!? 111} n I!.~ l12,HI>:aj ?lH 1:13) \12
aaH lI~,HJ:! l!.!!! .2~ f!t:!.1 l;2l't,l g 1:11} I ,lae l!h ~Rl.l!!l ,1\.EJ:iI:! l![<t
Hil! !!J;ll Ii ~!! HEI ,Ha,!lH tl t!!2 le l:Ia) '~ ~j e.Hel.2l!11 g l:Iaj !!
I;lH.I'H ~ .lElll:l .tt ~ I1tHH l!!J.HI>:.ll!a ~ Hl!E.lH '~ (~)
I ,g ,11 I1I2l!il.!!! h1l 21!! ~ ,g
12B~ ,llat:!l!,12 llJal.a II!!. ,lll!,Ea)Le 12) ?\P.ta lllQ BB)~ J:!~ tl 2l!E
l12 hil I Ii lJ:!l1 II! l12 BBj~ l12 ~l!l!! I1....EJ ,llS) ~lil ~ gl1e lilJae .!!!
l211!! la~ lJ:! ,tt .e,!ia.J lE!gLe,l l!:IHR:j!1e ~ ,~.l! lalJ:!B !?J ?It>..fI .2g
Hf<'H ~ n.I I '~Il g ,lJ:!2 .!!.LE!iil ,l1tHJ:! Il~ If 111} I ~ l2e12 HI:I~
I:>.Ej l!: !! laeaHt>. ll!! ,112a e[<t ,?HI ~r\J1 g g HI:! I ?lCtfl l.i!, e12
el'! ,t!t>.!!~ g Ii 1:112 Iil~ ,tt Ht>. I!.LeI I ,?ll:>..EI l2g a~ ,gll!12E ?lH
Ililj I,~ lE.1:! la 1:>.)12 ,gIll IlI:I&jh2 lal!! I!.!,< lEJ:!l1 ,It>.2 aJ:! la~ l!l!:J g
?I! J:! 2B Jl!:ll. lE? IlLel .HI:IHIl) 112 , gll1eE I ,' r>.&j!E l1l!!! h"" l!:!!E
Il3J I,~ lall! g ~a ,~lEJ ,@ll!.I!!E Ill ,g ,~ lae l12 a~ .e~a ,glelEE
B,1l If Jl\!l li!l!!1l Ill! lEJ Ii laL! l'llI!.C l~ ,!!J:! ~ ~ HgtH ~

B!'<
I ,ge HI:I.J:! J:.tHaR:J 'g l!1BEaJ l!! Iln
l!!r:1H en l.2ilj!e.nHaj l12 I:II!J l12 l:lRE I!.!,< ll:le) g ,~
-
' Jlo! Ht!!j<t
.
t9Z ~"3W3"' 0 1~ nV)lv :\HI >\0 S1I3dVd ,VllN3GUNO::J 311l0S
254 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE Al{ALI MOVEMENT

feKt!"-! "8' I fe?) il '>I:llEI',P3 if' f!C'K ~ ;]TW3 f.pfe'>f' a,,.,!' >iio lEI
~H1?f.lo aa,.,E" >iio '>f't!l-il ~ era beatl ngs '1aia' ~ RRul'icf! il <:1 '115
aa~ tJ'<:Ile I q<:l fO<J'fea ;,~al ;'j I ~'aca' ii 1:!'>f'feo1 91 aa'e' >lia
~o al aiiia~ E!'E!1ft!t!1 a18 ;:rre' I
(6) 9'10'1 it! flful t!Hi~ila I1Wl! '>IC('81 ~81 fRui ill i'i a35
ale me il ~o ~ 0138 ~ ,)18'3 3f<1alo :Gowe' I ~(') al HilT1 ~el f.l1If!
'>fllJ <5 l;!<iaa 011'>1 1~ t;jl (')<11' I
(7) '>Il1<ra ealfa~(') ii t!al1'113 aa' fOl ,!:<:I '>I'lIO' ..~Ell1'R
aliiaca f.I<Jlt!l ;fa 011 <JIfa:G8'Olr il 113"501 3f<:lal0l13 aa~ il 8le
~;i' I '>I'lJ <1a fal1K 01111081'>1'3 lIf<:lK U;JtJ'~ 01 1 t;j0l10 t!8'E' I <:IK 91
~~lca ~ lJ111 '>I't!Kl ~ ;a (!il ~R' aai il HIe a031 aa'a. I
3e 1:!38a1(8)
Ra~8a Beat.! qra~' Olilclr >lia '>Ia'al tfEI' ~ (')'K tl'al
aa' >lia ~(') ij t!O,,!'>fTl13 aa- for '!:<:I ii~ K'3aK orl feKtl't!aa' I
('>I'o.!i 3e a'e ~T ;'j)
(9) ailel ~ <JIa~'>I'Ot fiRaaeo i'i '>it&t! lia ~pf<:la <!Ia~'>IlaT
a13fvorla t3 ~ '111'13 <JIe il (!~' ?i '>iT aa fa!' falialR 011 ~ ? f<Jf!'lI
~aT ~i' 3 ~i olor <JtW3 ii' Ute ;'j' t;jT (,)<J1' >iio f<:lR'1! fom 3'al):1
301 l:!8 Tvt.!' OIl!' rilli' :II

168

on
9t' Rf30!a l!.FI'ft!

(1) !liT<! 011 tI<:I 3tR1t.J fQ' iilTO Hv'3K' H1 feR ~ rifol f8il'
3 ,!:v ~w H";1111 ~3 ~ fa'>!'a ;'j I fER ua <JK i; <lia al!1 ~ I 3K'K
~t!1 <1'W3 ~ J.!~ (')ila 011 Q'a >i1a lf1R aa q<1 fOl ,!:v ul1'al faRl Kia!
~ ~a' aa~ ~ 51e f3'>1'O (')u1' ~ >ita feR 3av11:!'>i'KW3 Ia 91 tJtJlt!T
ii H'~h1i, <:IK !iO'Rli IUlS3 ~' fOl iilTO ,!:v >iiRl H";1111 B'?; ~ f3'>f'O ~
3 ~f.I ij ~a <JlR8 aa 8(')1 tJ 1vle I >iiRl 3fva1a 011 f.I'fl:'>f T ii tI'(')'
 so~m CO:-l FIDENTUL PAPERS OF TH E AKALI MOVEMENT 265

<Jwal iiHlao ~ 3or<il"l3 eill' >ifa RiR: i'i 3fvolii- '>f'lIi <Jvor ii- v'R8
CliI<5 ii- HBB ~ill' , for(t'for ~<J .,jRl 3fvolo ~ wfe'>f' d tI'~ H ~ 0'
,!S <gfi.1c d ",~<!l' I feRl Cll fso' >iii! aTOlil'3 Biari! Cll fw lIa <JH
ciifF.!l:l Clam' fa '>fB'8;T ~ ",1'>!' H 3'1 vH feM i'i a-oO"8T3 ~ I >iiRl
3fvilla cii <JH 3R8111119 oul' RHO'3 I ~Clo HR<l83 feR 11'3 CI' 3C1'tI' \
a
Cl031 3 fi! l>f01a .;fRl fH831 "3 (tR cii vTli R fio' oul- il'ule I eor
iI'3 CI' '>f'lI % flf'>f'8 allO' for ~v IliRl 3fiJillo e<5 i'i '!ratl O1ilill' I ~i!o
'>Illl i (til or forRl fCiRH or' Kor' VI' SU'O' 0' eo' I feR iI'3 01' ~"'il
alf3 'li! '>filla l>i'\l ~ {;;:1 3fua1a ftl~ ii- for RHO 011 Involuntary
nature of abdication 01' ftloril cr <JIR8 ora fla' 3' "'J3 ..r.:,
dill' I
~o' ;'j >t!'lI ~ il'a'<:c ii' f8\l' il ,['11 flu1 I ear ~fl or I'll ~1. il'1, if'
e'
RHO cii lI'R ~tI >ifa ~Il cii ,!3' ~ fCi Clilcl or' .;ffl1 3fvo1a i'i 1i38i1
"3 ,l'fl5 0<11" cr3' 5"0 lia <gil: 0' '!:s Ul! al iitllf.lo cii 3Cl~1,>!3 fHa31
:l for RitO ~ fl'iI iifeolll:gl >ifa tl8H ..
- tloo iJI' 3 feR 81~ '>Iealo <J'8T3
alHc1 cii 3~ltJ H~a :l I ~Ril flae'a If"ano fli'ur cii '>f'U HiJ'a'iJ' til ~
lI'R ~i'i' ';;0 flilB'il R,fiJiI '>f'~ R''! ~Bil", ~5 ill;i' 53 iI'l!' I
(I) !litO Cll ~cf ilulBil HfiJ3's friU! cii o'lf ;'j feol 3 ~fl
orl oem (~fl 011 oCl5 '>f'll ~ lllfl ~ or' fe'3iPH Cia ail ~J I
(2) <,1 c~iI '>fill~C 0'3' (The Truth about Nabha)
(3) illlJill~'"Zao <11 0<18 (it I'll ~ lI'R 3) ;'j fCi ~fla'e cii
iHl a!el,
(4)
lfu'3H' mor wa "'cp3 >iia RitO a1 3iR'ltl il3' 010 ll/'lJ ~o
cl >lfllfTeu aij- fa ~ >iiRl R;]o or f;3'o1 f8il- fill! R iJlf'O' H38S 31
10' ij ille ';;a ~iJ sl tR'S e?; ROjiit.l 0' ail I I'lJ H<I'3IfT ill cii tTv
31 tI3'~' for Ril?; il'iJ3' 3 for f.resl ii' feR ~ alfe'>!' 010<5 al few;;ra o'
HiaTl we I 5010 ~I! cii iI~'iI ~ wfe'>!' 53 il- ~i!O 0' ijop I ftfcSl
eR31 5 aa l>i'\l ii' i'i ciiel ill. il'1 'l8T ti'e >ifa RtIO R ~ <5: III
~ s>;!Hs tR'S 5 O1a '>!~ I aff.ll! O1a for ~fl if il'o'<:c if 3'1 ..r.:r O'e1fiot
266 SOME CONFID E NTI AL P AP ERS OF nil': AKAU M O V E~! E:>I T

5~ I n<1l' 3 "c'"" ~'8' ul Rul I ;i '>I'<'HI '>Ill ,,1 ,,1 ~R -& u>l'a tI,..'a
a' lJ3' i??i tI'~ , '1. u "'alO "'u i tI' Ole tlu ;!>1 fii Riln '>Ia HiJ'3H'
;:il ii ,,1 fC!lfh ii f3'>1'(1 nul' ~ >lia '>I'UGI a'3 R fGC faJ'>I' (l '3
",<I ion ,N il t.lalf' Rat!'a >lOIS fRllI til ii ffilHt!'a't! }fa(l aa i?
:"fa Rat!'a >laJS' fAUI HU'3H' HI cit R''I fPR IfT>iH' ii' ftlaa ul n' OIa I
H01n ;ii' 3a-.; f't!Hl ~an a<1'O' j tI'i?' 3,fOl 'lOl3 lOtI B'B 1,,1. ,,1.
ii R(I<'a'a e83 fRllI a<1W 5 ;;'B' I ;;10<,1 f'eR 81i? OIa<'il ;j'iJ1B 3,fOl
f!'i1n '>!\J(';l '1 '3 it fGO ?if H'B I
15c-(3H'H ,1'8'3 ,,1. ,,1. "" 5 lJ,! iia uH'al '>Ill tliJ (I'B (l fOl
f"i1 IfTHH' iii ~, "ll:!?ifRa n<Jl' 0 >lia ft;(; ii 8'pl;: ,;j'" n ~'H"
sl nulll?i'n' ;l'Ole I ;;a 0191 lI'f"t.l:! ~ IS' 1:!HfO/n ;jar' ~an <iIl!1!
ao B'al) I

(2) Rat!'c i'ifait!<l rAUl ii i5aiRleRn G.fes al nq8 ;;8t!1

~tI i?' I fHlf B' fO/ Rot!'o na'f"n fAUI al al~'>!Re lJij '>I'lJ ii l>f<lR'"
aa3 0' I
(3) ~<" u""3 all1'a3 '>I'll ii"l (;1:'1 RalH 1&13 ~' I fGH<Ps
3 '!~ nul' O/f<J R0/3 iii>!l R;j Ii' '>I' ~aii 3 f~ i?'<il I f'lJ 3'1 FrS' I f'll!'
,....81 3i1..1t.l '>fiffijf;j '>I'lJ ft!3nl userul <'iiJl' ["1'>1'" aaa SOl() <JlfTij
f.1:I'>I'fs n'qR H' 3 a;;!3' I>!ii11 ij I fal! ~ a,ij Ii' tll!t!l 0Ii!' I 1i,,3' Hl ii
~ai'i Y;; B' .;fi/ iifRF.1 OIa' fq ",u VlJi 3Aill;: I!' OIa f"R 0/1)j iii Rfai',I'H

(4) Rat!'(1 flare; fR'UI HiJ'3H' ;;1 >lia ,,1. ,,1. "'H' afH
i1'l
Bt! ft!& ' Ii' I:!ii>m % s', 3 <!H'al 3~lt.l ij fq I>I'lJ ~n iii fHRea t!'R
~ WR OIffii3' Yil B' >ifa R'a ul ;:!~al a'0TtI'3 y;Oi' 3ff/{ ~n iii OI<l'
tl'~ fa fe'ilI8'" ii' <JH'" H'Iffi' al <l'a:! Yl \la' l!a' ~a H"CI' e' >lia
'>IR81f3' tl'uc aa' >lia t!TfI iii Rat!'a HillS ffiUl til tI<l ,,1 '>Ia;; OIa'
fa ~ R""'i'I wael 011 '10 '>faJR3 .. TH1 HlfiaJ W' uwal RUae cit
,iiifHl!Rn ll'R a""'?i ii" f~;:!fH 01(1 B' I
ii"'illtI'3 ~""iI' 1110 ~n ii '>fOR'1! OIa' lIt!R3 Ra",a Hare; fRut
Hl : -
 SOME COXFIDEN HAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOV EMENT 267

(I) Copy of Negotiations File

(2) Jaito Affair tracts and Congress Report
(3) Gurdwara Reform Handbill by S. Karear Singh, M.A.
(4) Guru Ka Bagh Congress Report

(5) Truth about Nabha

(6) "I'll ii ~il :113 <:~8 13t!' '>fil ,i'll' fauo fHll! '>foH'5 (j I
!'1I feH Cll 'tl'1l3 <1'<1' ill R f"H'IH CIa 5' I
(7) li'lt!}{'3 il 1:138'" a;;jf8~fI?i Cll 0'18 ~ '>f'1I ii iffit!l ~t!i5
'" fi3i'l'l{ '10 aa (j' I B"olf'>l'H3 t!li!1o <J'll5 '11 t!'~illl I

169

n
'll? Hf3,!!0 lH'fB"
(1) "o':GC fll5 il1::!35'1 !'1I ii f'l'>l' i>l5' Clll' (j >iio ijl(?
3C1 ~H illi35'1 f'l'>f' '1'o~Tel Cll (j I ,,1. ,,1. ~'H RHI> Cl1 llTll3 '>f'U<5
f'l'>fT iH(?T 011'>1' (j I fi.J<Joll T?il '1a ii '>f'1I ti!<J fe38'<J il8Bl ~"il' I
(2) grell1a3'1I fflU! tl&t!'O Ho<J'Hl >iia ,,'el elaa fRU! ifHr
,j1~ li38'1 '>Iil?i T5 T?i i'i HaBTo H'~ fRUi >rfilHcac '11 '>!B"T.,3 H' li'>f'"l
>ri011 (j tR orl <J'I1Cf3 flT~>r '1ij' I ti!<J 3''11'1 T3 Clij' f'l ~<J "IlIR ii<!;" (l'
>iia '>ITfe!' t05' ii ~o '>IC>,,'t! H' li'>f'i:l >rjilll I '>filla 5 R~"3 to ~
ii R)f!)'T '1a '>ITflTB"T 'la' r'l ~<J !' Cia '>lEt'" 3:>13 R,fijll '11 ijlia1 H' till
fi lil'i:1 >riill 5' I
(3) il'NllO iii fi~'1 tll!' Cll lP<l3 li:i>l5 ij'5 T3 H'~>r Cia' r'l
tifij C/ljljl)T ? ~>I '11 r'l!' Constitution (j ? 'Ill ~R ii tm~;:raTn Cll
fe03l!Tll '[21 ? f'lR B"l~Tn {;IT il8>1' H' lIafHCI ii reaf3<J1a {;IT ll!ll'o
~ ;:ra1'>l' ~R Cll :>lila B1 are1 ? l'fe!' iiel tR Cl1 iiel '1'a~Te1 '>f:>!'!l'a'3
ii' i1111', ~<ia', ~<i(J1 I iio R1 r.ljt!}{T3 feR ;:Ill' 5 Ii<l '11 ..1' I '>f'l'51
>iii! '>fil T51 -a lJ.~1 H' reR ;:IljT il1::!38'1 lft.Iljo ro'l~T8' I
268 50)1 CO)/FIDENTIAL PAP ER S OF THE AK.\LT MOYEME!'IT

(4) Floeto gaG fllUi ~ijt1lo til ~ '>j'u;5 iplR3 B t11 ~ till
~n lilT "f1131~ Ifnilo al'>f' ~ ?
(5) Negotiations File 011 niim;'i '>flU ii ~ill ~ @FJ H' llt10tlI
~g '!'<!It.l'3 0<11' ~' I fcrall aij ii '>f'V R<It1lij ;'it:! ffiW -til R ~n 011
l
nag ~on <)IFl8 aa' I R).I~o ~ tIqij <)H' f).lg tile I ROt!lij ;'ifoft1O nfUl
til it HFI' fa "fl\l ~ Uf<J5 3f<Jijlij -011'>1' fOJ'>I' ~ j~'U Confidenti.1 File
all:f~1f8 oag '>jClFl';G aij' I
(1) Confidential Agreement of 28th April
(2) Our Amendment in that
(3) Letter of Bhal Jodh Singh in reply to resolution of 1st
May to Government
(4) Two letters of Bhai Jodh Singh dated 26th or 27th May
to Government

170

(1) "fa~R3Io" ~ 1;!38Cl R<It!'ij lliJI8 fRLIJ til ~ \}).jlal ijl~

a
Wall el I <lJiNla f.. <J).j ,!a <)1813' R "ii feR erij Ii' vlf'el ale \Ie
"fRo ""8 Ra3 ~'~a:;: o<Jf, feB ale '!t1031 30 lIo <)).j t!i!R3 ale
lr3'?; R Cl'Ra a' I Bern "ii V'813 VIl~ feflll Ii' D' ~o ..1 feor ua
a a
VIl lal qa Ole fCl \}).fIijl feF!l }j'. slfeet fO! <JIfTa l mar<! faRl \I'ael
R '>I'l./i "fl\l ii "fIB~'e1:;:lel or cia tmfor feR ..I 3a;1 "fHg >iifil 5 for
fjga or1 3).fI1f \lliji\'>jT fBFI orl ort1O ora' I tie altol \JIael >iia FI~a'TI
a
\I'ai! ..1 HFlI fer l!3'a ' lIi'1a "f'3' "fIUR H' i'ial for.; tile, 3 <)).fIal
are a ,;fu f.. r.f~F/3lO fjg .. 01 :6'lfeet Blj31 \1'>1' ,;)a FI;jJ '>f1~'iJ ~I
1

'2'>1' ~~ v'ael?' H' gw<) era l?; ..1 iifRf.I aa I

(2) R<It1IC1 H"ati!5 rRUI til Rerfl' f.. ~<J fl-fRCO t!IFI ii \!IR i'1\!a
 SOME CO.'lFIDENTlAL PAPERS OF-tHE AKALl MO\1EME:n 259

-
It'~' >iicr ~o ;j a3'il' >iii! <1<1 al alt.l'31HH uao'"' ftlo 011 a'!J3 "f'U
- -
<ii u'bB f~' fal'>l' l:{' I 1f"3 H'8~1'>1' tll ~ ;)H'ar fl:f'>lrg :l fOl fHRee
~'Il ii f8l:! ",1'>1' :l fa ~;) fearnll3'" tI' Ole! ;)H'a a'i( ~ li38a aanl
;f'B', >ilo ilffi3 ~f;)H1'>1t t'O
< aa' I aTE iJTt" lli!13 0'H "ii 3'1 ft!1l1 30'
;)lJIa 81~ a'H aa?; a1 fHllco -erll ii ~a~1l3 a1 ft I m'~ Il'f'la
-
1 tI' ao '>I'l.R:l H~'c ii t8a ~o
. - Rl!'3 "\113 <la' >iio ~"R iio31
ail' fa ''il fiarf883'?i tl' aa 'llJIal ft!H~'~ aa' I
(3) fealf81l3'('j it <k1 '>I'lIn' '>I'~1 irm ii >j38i! ;)fi i5
iiio ,,1'>1' 0 I ft!1l ii uf\l~ 91 at!l ara fl:fl a'ii ii' f:tl'>l'8 B1'>1' ~ I
a8fa ~C! ~, lloB'o "a,f"eo fllUJ tl1 ~t!ai~8' ii atf1'>1 t ,,1'0 ft!1l
~'1l3l!~f"e"" fOl'>l' l!' fa '';) t1\1 il~' Ral>it!'H t"j' I Bfa" Ilot"a
l'!'f\J9 ~ fe'ilIf81l3'" tI'~ il ft!"a'a aa ~1'>1' <!' I <ii ~t.l it\l ,,<;1' ii
sa" H38<! ~ l:{' I fl:fl ii l!'~ sl ;)H f"ell 38'I.! ii' ~ ij' fa iit!l '>io
8'f-ea >fu" f"ell a'H ~ 81e ~ t! Il~' ~a" '>iFf' I.!l:IIl ;)'.118 aaii H' ilK
\lrg 301 ,,'HVI'<! ",,1' ;j Ilii I tl:iRo allla' fFiul a1 a'!J3 tio3 oil I
HalO it<J ;)if H'II "til' fa ''il ~ ii~ aa~ ~ 81~ f3'>1'O ;j0l' VI' ,,\11' I
~ ii '>I'U 11'3 ;113 aa B~' ,jjo '>Ialo '>I'll 3lJ1 <1'8'3 ii HB "tf
al:! aa fuIll 0iI1Ff' ua u~' fa ilH' fialf8;)3'o ii' ""lW ""BH1 itl &a
E'f"e1t' 5 1l000' :l -3 '>f'1I ~o ii w faR1 >i/a 8,rea Rtlo ;j ftlR llo '>I'U
--
ii lIa' uar sail' 5, n,i'aJf5113'" o<1TQT "a B~' I <JHTol l:!'U1.! ij fOl ii"el
-
0' <kl '>I'liC' """,1 ~'li ~ I Ran ~a ;)'8'3 Vl"',,1 ~fll'>l' ""ui \l'H,
fialf8ROJO ii' a'HW!i1 ~ 51e ':iiil'3 ~a' "ma' ii ~'fa;;;: 0' 5ii a1
?tt'U ii;)H fe~ ;jo il ""l.R:1 o'e "ill' B Ra3 I

(4) ilH' it;) ~K "a <i 1I3' atl \!'>I' fli ~1 aHcl >i/a l>IOl'1!l
t!5 ~ ""Ull il' ~'>I8i!'3 111.!ilT?'lj o'll' 0' l-it<J ..'ael !j;jll!~faRH31
ofe;' ila ~fjH<'i ilK ii 3l!'U aa5 ~ fl:1'<ll ii' 5" ;)fi'a ura ii ;)'8'3 >iii'!
;r I it<J ""1I ii Wi;! of<JO' o';)lE fa <JlJT01 ~1 R ik1 it l!'3 i;1IlHO ii
1$131 af<J31 :t >i/a f"ell 30;) ~ ""1I1l H' m Ia ~l>f8i!'3 ~ ii 3R81
B3 ij' fa !Ral represslona1 U'8Rl a'HW1I 5 0il1 -ij >ila ;)fi'ar ura 3l!'U
270 SOME CONfIOE ~HaL PAPERS OF TH S AKALl ~lC>VEI4ENT

;J~ ii f3 1'P(I :! I filfl 3(1<1;) fl~ ""lI iir8F.I ai' f01 raTa Ula H' 113
iJr:J
li1 :! "3 31 'Io"'" ,;fa ~lllfO ii ~ii: U3' o' ~ fli;! I fl(le'(I Hiln'S fFlUl
ill ii O1ii' f~ ~<I Rae'a "iI1(I rAUl S!I'B R eal;!'>f1R3 O1a' f01 ~u l>I'licY
l>IalC!l BB H' o':!li fER3H'B 010 ii >iia filfl f-iR1 H' iiEl ~01R ;J ~R ii
a
i?a O1a "'01'Bl BB >iia i.ifR:l O1Hcl ii' ~HB' 3"iB01'3 O1'fE'H 'la' I
flOt!ra HiliB fflUl ill l>I'lR'i 3a:<: i.i fEf! H'H~' H' -lial iifllil 'la' I -e~'
., =
H l;!RilI~ ~"iB01'3 lIa <lHral a'llU!'1I1 '" fla Rf;;I'>I'\1' fEofuR'a ~ I
(5) Ra\1'a H'o rRW .r~lB B'ija c5 <lH' cr.:r ~ f~ IlB '1'H a-
faRl '11 t/'lI5Rl ",I RHS3' 51i! ill:<: Ii'BR' e1~'0 .rma' 011 f~t!.e ~
a
"!!re, fm f~aaHt! OiOIa ,,<11' l>f13 H010 1I'<la .r'H ,01Hcl ii R'i!o a;! H'Wl
<,!e '.!i! ~' >iia aiafH? R RH93' aa.ji ii Bli! O1E1 Illlii' ii lI'fl \1al/l>f1Ra'
aa aii' ~' I HR'"!! ii aa 1I(1 ~fl ~ t;3'fEi' f01 flilt!'(1 (I'il' fRw>ii(l R(lt!I(I
'>fail" fffUl -e~' 1;!l ~o H' Ri!01 R(I~a fit!(! fAUl Hillell>f1 ii lI'R"ilIE
,;fa ~o - i.i eali'>l'fl3
- - i.ill'il
'11 f01 ?il ... alie1 >iia flOO1T(! 'II RH93' 010'
~I ?ma' I .rcn(ll I @fl _ ~ ilii' tlil 3'0'.. ii 3a lIa '1<11 tI, I <JH H'BH s

01(!C;' il <J3 :!' f01 I!R '11 tlra H' f01301 Re'013 :! i!<J 91 tl3 1e' f01 I"ilIa
l
R(I<?ra '>IOilo fflW W (lltI' rAUl flae'a ~ea fFlUl Htllo1l>f1 i;!lJlfl"ille
3' '>fIll tI<I ijt\.i! ~ ~fl ii fHB~ are w ~R c5 ,,!B'1.fEl>f1 a' >iie '1<P
f01"" aT~aT uEl I
- -
(6) <lH' H'liH <;!l>f1 :! fa altll f01<J(! fffUl ill fla't!'a tit!a fRUI
Hillel",' ii @" f\15' fHB D' >iia ~R R ~~' ~ O1<JI f01 ?<I fEIf '1013 lia
'11 fEHt!1't!;a I tRltI H' O1<J' faT';' f~ -i.i.~1 aJ{il il1~ lIlffiTl el?'1>
till ~1 ilwfe-a' RtliJil1'>l' fEB'O aiafHc R faB ria' ii HTHH H'
~<!! a~ Ru.~t!l1i iila ora ~~ >iia ill. lIl. e1. ai!<J lil fBIi fa
~<I RHS31 it Ble iif8F.I <Iii, 3S iiEl Ht!t! <J){ O1liel 011 ere R013 :l" f!!l!
IJ(! !I'!I' til ~ cr.:r fa H' C!Hcl ii IJIIf tlra' ~ >iia ~o R t!Ol;!",lfl3 <$I'

f01 ~ ,;j1fT til <Iii I '>faT(! C!liel Hal !l'3 Oil"

){lt5arl '3 ii'?<Ji ~o ii
R'l;!~ l>f1lR'1 01'51 t!R3'a a'3a ~RC ~3'tI ~"'" >iia ?ruR '>f' tll~ I
rru ~ aa a 113~ fC! !I'll' til '>f'1J ii fHi! :!' W c;<Jl'? raTa (Hi!
ii' "3 fC!l>f1 ~aJ <;!El I
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMEXT 271

l)fIU ~ ailel oil 6Tel~oB5 ao~lF.1o ~ S'a3 fc;l:fT tfT 1 ;:Ill ~ '>I'U
R<l!iI'OR Cll III for '>flU ;:Iii' a:6511131~' fCl fClo fClo tti Cllij' Ua '>flU
-
<IT afll'>fl lfOB 53' ~ i" fim f<JA's RI &<J;,1 Uii' fOP>fT (I' fCl CltOlaA
.
CI' ~,r;:Ji;l lift!' gfu'>fl '>I'U ~ fll5 filll){' ~ w our I 'i1N ~<J gful){'
fuA allfa3 illl Ull S'UcI ij j Aat!'a aTilT ffi'ul ~ ~A 011 ll'a3 IB'fe'>l'
lI', '>fIfe"" ~<:I R9' <IT AlJ "laB 5 fill"" ~ W 0<11' I uii' fH<Jall 'olora
~ A;' feA 3C!<J ~ <:1'5 ' 3 a3'~, 3'for <Jll I){'U ~ gflll){' orl ll'S3 ~el
)jf.!~a' i! ~' 1
(7) FrcTW<J ~'ll fRUI iH ~ \;f<Ji iii' I RaB'il ;jil' fRUI ill
AJ!t!a1 ~i'i ~ f)j5(';1 B ' u3 ~' I

171

/I
q' Af3a.ra 1{fl'f"

( I) ll~)j <;!"" ~ fCi R<Jl"l illi' ii' R ""t!ll1 1i"".:1 1l10l

800
CIO ~'lIR '>1,<5 0['5 ~' I &u 1i'0[0 0I0~ Cll a'3 0<11' 5C10 ta<J 1ll!C! l!CI
~ ilal'>fl R 'Iflel ij ~ Ii'lll!o 31!~ 011"" ill ACI3' ij I feR 81e <JiI'
3f<Jala'3 Claol BT<Jlil for feA ii' f",,(;l Rt!'il3 ~ I
'>flll fe!au' Cia & Ifll38jj f.!Ul"l ti'~' ~;1" fof.!:~;;rij' iii 1i8'Cf'3
iii ale ~ '10 lI'3' f?;a'8~ ,,1 ~rAF.I "ii' I oila >rlO1o iIil'e il 111l1'3'
f(;aI5~ ,,1 ~ff.lF.l C!ii' I

(2) rnIi'O'3 if' (;1lJ' Cfl ;15: ii' l:!8TC!'3 '11 feil'i:13 (;l ,,1i)
il'& & lf38C1 ~ill~f.!i'i 'Iii' I feA l:!""Il8T ii' 'IfCf'81 R<J'fi:CI al, il 51
fellt!'" -5' I
(:3) feAl & l:!38Cf l>!R'a81 ii' R~'8'3 Cfa'l!' I
. -.
ie-(;IlJ' '11 ~5' if' RA' fCl <Jii' 1l'511 ~ 118''1'3 Cll feil'i13 lit! ij I
)j(JIQ ft:a ;,1 fill~8(; Cll lfill!31 ~ aW -at! If.!"IIR CI' f:!8'C1'3 81~ a
~il(;l ~01 ij I
(4) R3 ..1, fA, iii Ull 5 " , ..1. H' Ril(; ii 81~ iii!?l U,l1'H e
G I1IH~J llI4< I,G ~ ele ~J ll!n .'!R.EH ~ 11'\1 LS ~ ',C ~~
iI1,!!J ,tt ~JlK le.~ ~ lhl!IiI< ~~ I GJ!e ellJ tt ~Ie I!Il!EaJ ll! "lll
i!J.aas ~l;I C .lial1eJ 2l!aRS l!J? II! .liSj leJ!am t2 1lJ! (L)
I ,~l! ll:al<Jt l~ ~~ lH,llE I ll2g 1 l~12
La!! lll/!< ,a.aJaJ<a I ,l!!I1 .Iil!!j & ililE l~ !I ~ ll! lEHal!jaEl ~
ell:! la J!IlIt Ell ga!!2J 1l:!lE J!!~!! Ilal I!J
III ~ EtBJ!! leaH~ ~ ~
Haj Ilae .'!R.EH ~ 12.2JlK ll! I!2gstll~12 l~ (.lJ/!< I IEIl g , I~ !I
I~ l!! ~l!:II! I!? ~ (!a.liEaJ Ella!! ll! HaJ ~ lid" H~ Ej a!! ell!lB
I III J!lR II!2I'!1{ t' ~ g ;g~ el." ~ eal Ilill g.~ l!! 1n.IlJ ajte!l
E.aEI1 I all &!! ~l!2 ~ gl!!! IEIl I!R.EH ~ ~ t2 1n.IlJ aj.e E.aEIl
g 1n.llj ea.!2J!.I! I!Ii!llli I!J lai! ~l;I .EJtl. I ~Il l:!~ 1 J!IlI=l !! Ilal ll!
~ 'C ~ Ellt!I ll! Et!I!2.EH ~ HI?- g 1n.IlJ .!.>aJee2 e.aell ~ Ilill
~ In!!J ea.!2J~ E.cEIl !! IlJ! K~ l!!J G11~ .e ,!!~ (9)
I ,ge ?tEE lShl!a ad!!
I!RfiH ~J !! IlJ! EJ ,c ~SKIl f!1!l!. a2t\al K~ I!J .C ll!~ gE.aJ l-"- HIl'!
~l;I I!? I lll!g & l-"- ll! glll g.Jt ~I ffiI!~ la~ !! Ilal I!J ,C H,I!
gE.aJ!! 1lJ! ,aJ!.taJ I!!J C HH,H ,~ I ,~J iiliH I!Rf-H ~ HaJ !I
ll!l l-"- ,tt Ele.tl.It'" I II2~1l g ,l~2 I~ Ill/!< f.lg2Il.H~ [I! ,tt I!RH
~al J!! l!!JKH& !I ~~ l!! g~n 1 ~ J!IlI=l I!Il l!!tl &.Iil!2J Il'! ,!;SR!!
,Ij IEll!H1 2.IiIlH "!:f I!I!IHH glffi g !?,~I! 1 BEJ!! 1!S11,?H ~ UH'IHt!!
lE llaJ Ilaj t' llll 1111 1!1f'" I ?II:! S11HJ tEn Il!! l2llJ2?.i\lJ!! la~JI2
l!! Etll!'!!! g.~ ,tt ,RHtH lJaJ !! l?e I!~ Q/.'< ~JI!!!, EJIE ',.!l.1!!2J
1Jw. ,tt ER,HH Q!J! l?tl:! alaJ&H !I QJiI QI;! ail !.taJ II!! el>?CI
ll!
Ab EJ C al!llt ll!IH~ I ,E' ll! ~"'JE2jlJ I!W.EH ~ lJaJ !! 110 I!,?Jelll!,il!<
I!/.'< ,gl!! l-"- l",aJla !! 21RaJ nl'" EJ C 1l1!1f!ii! I!l!J Ill I ISKI:! 12
tl.C!&H &I!E aJ<aaJII'I ,~EJ glial H~aH & EE l:!aJ<a I!l2K I [II lall! [~J
LS llaHER2J l1![l!!IE EBIIl [E gel!! IlaJaI1 ~ Il~ I .11 II<III!J I~ ll! el!!
IiliJ IRaj!! nil ER,?H ~ ,1lHl:! {? S?ln J'!.!l'" {? J!Ilgfl Ab (S)
I C 2.S 'c
ER12 Rl1R1lJ C I~l!! {? Ital<t g Il~ EBIB ll! Kill!:tt
~ I ,I;: ell!! 1l1!1! {? 11 g H~ lel!! 1Ii'! l!lel l~ & I all al!.~ ,l~2 I!!!

J.N3W3AOl~ nvxv 3HL dO S>I3aVd. 'lVILN 3 0ldNOO 3}~OS 70hZ

 SOME CONFIOENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MO\'BIENT 273

.
for '>I'U feR Uil iliil Gaw~' >ifa lIal 3~ila - ;1' 5010 feR H'>I'fi8'
- il' awal
.
lflae ~ fOi ilia;,aal ;1a '1,fOl'>l' "" 5, fOll'-fOi liil'll ~'R8 Oi' Ii/8'R
o;,tll.. il >iiil feR ii \Jf<J8 lIfcrB <JH Ii' >ila fti';;\?' Ii' ~el RH~' ;j il'~
a Isr 0 I ii<J >ifil 3'1 Iii' <JifI' '>Iiflil '>fI\J OIH Il'H 301 ~el Rill> tk3
W8~1'>ll ill <i \J'R ~ ;1~' <Jwal iI'~ 0 f.. '>I'U Ratl'iI H'\nH fflU! ill ii
~ .1' I feR l:!'>fIH8' Ii' R10iaRl a' al!7i' il2al il f,,\ffOi HI~ ' pal'
<JJ.!101 iifEll or' f.. '>I' 1;31i/' foorH I n'-OIIHvl'lll orll!a3 H', '1'fa,!!~ ,;jfl'
nTOIij, ,;jRll1l:1O 01' f00l8 ilW <JH 'illl;!<!H'c ii l:!<I8a 5ar' I ii e<Jf3'>1'3
13110' fO;J'fE3 ;,al il I Ratl'a 1I00S fliU( til lOla '>I'll (;ITOl ;;lIlSIi!. Rl.
iI': ;;la'<R ii liml ;1' ;1 ~R ill i!" "'lJl 8 "a 1i;;l3 H'B'ii'l'>l' til ii
U'R B iI'i!' >iia lI3'~' for ;fl' fllS iiK <i l;!3'8a'3 ii <!HI"l a'~ Ii' ':la T
ora ;1if1T I Iifl3 HT8<!1'>l' ill mfe3:G'OI arE ail' >iiil f.u""5 aa' f" <Jwii
~'Bll'3 fti'~\?' ii VI' feml >iiil iii <J<:!~' a<iorRln oal' lJ~i1'3 ;1 RatlTiJ
R'fall ~i'i ii eilt!,>flR3 aa' fa ti;;l3 til iia fllS fti'~ ii'R5a;, ITlfe13alil
ii QIl "ii' ll8f" fa<J3a tila <lOlT fOi f<:a w5<!l1Till H'<lil Ii' 31.1a1o: 8 '<5
011 3,,51<: ':oHrE' 3'fOi '>Iifla aH icj '!" \1,,1;' 5 '3 ~<J ;ij 116: 8' >iia f;ii?:
ii'lffiOiJ ii til<J liI'ft'",' <lifl' f51 B5I I.I~" '1IDa' 3'1 ~a 5 fla'ai >ifi! 'l:Rii ;Jij
eor ii Gl<J H'~H 501' f" '1'"el flH~31 011 <ifl.ll.l H'8<!ll'ill "l'>l'lRl <:it 3aG
R 5 a<Jl il I Ratl'a H"if18 fffU( ill '>Iifla Wil'a 0' il' R;i' '3 '>I'lJ il' il
-&el >iia ilH' iI'~ I film ffi'tl i/'R80 ,,1 1Tt1'~ ;;laH\? I'll. a '>II01)!l ~
;:ri5 RH'HH' Rli/a? a;jifl' >iia tllam ;hma ~a' iii 3W1l acri5 Ii' ""'3
iJ'fe'>l' 5ifI' I Rl"aRl ,,1 fef<Ji3'>1'3 fo<J'fe3 "Sal il I fti'~\?' il Ii~"
ill'>1'lRl <Jl 3alil il a'3 il13 <iii' I til<J fa5~5 OT 5 fa IilJ3 til fOiRl
eQi fti''l: i/ 81 til<J lI38rE' for ii<J a'iI..,el <JH'al 3ali: ii 5 a<Jl il, fOl~'fOi
-Gi<J H'HHT fn<Jrfe3 O'iJa il I
172

't~f3 i!!<I 1{R'ftl

(1) '>flU litllll fFiQ i'or >iii! ;rRii ~'ii' il J'!.m!l orilel or' f~
2lij2~ I!!',i! 21'1 Ha , (! 1'1.2 J!? 2.Hj2[!! .(! lfo:l13,g1 .Il:a lJaj l!~ .eJ @
g~ li ~~ ll! E.E,!l I l: lali! ll!! \il.22.l!! IIl!!J I!!lii-H ~ II~ eE fUl! eJ
,~ I ~~ ~ 2?1J ~ l2i!.get' ~ 2.Hj21,Q tI ~E le 2,lE,ti ~ lH13,tu"
~l2tll!!g. ~ eJ ~ ~Cjl!! lit Er'.[1 I ~ IIla 1J2j ,1'1 2E!~Hj ~~
,l!l EoH.l!;l:! 2eJ .t< l~13, !il1 g ltl .lll!;H,1-( I!!~,!':H @,HU I!!J ~e Hihlt lS
c,? I @l!! H~H C~ l: le g ;g~ la.ee.e !.! ER,!':H ~ 2l!!118. .2.11!2U!
@,He 2~ ~11t 2l!!ll~ tI ,ti hll Ilth ~ ll! .lll!;H.H E~ (E)
I ,g..Ie lJ.n 2E!~Jt!@ .tt 2?1:! ~ HIJ,~
~ ~ 2,!;tH2t' !hI:! ~ , !:lJIJ l'lll!! I ,gl!! E!E!j~ le a.aliaj ll!! 13,!l tI tI.2!!
21l!la .I!! 2?J:1 ~ HIJ,~ ~ 8J<c eJ .~e tl ~J l1a~jt! IheelJ h.1
~lH lJilj '~ glle ll2 ~I2 e .!Eilj .2n tl 2 ~ E.H.I""J ~ 1111 !:.! e~,!':H
~ !!ll'!d:!E 2~ l;! hilI< 13Cj.1:! e.a2IJ eJ ,G gll~j 1111 111:'< ,lC2 211I:j
~l~ ~ 'EeHll 2,t1JI1I,Q ej GlAHj g BCjll:! 2.a2IJ EI I ~,.g..2~ ,(I aali le
l3!Il'!..~ l'2hll 21'1 oJ:! III ,(! 'llE~JIl!.iY 21:'< 2?1J ~ ~IJ,~ C~ g &.H
.2 ~ !!l~t!E. eHflH ~ IEeHIJ le II~ g 2.Hjl[!! 21l!l I'!J .Il IIle .ec.e
.'heaj . '2hIIIc 1111 I1g.a1)!lj ts 1111 Injlj ea~j!:.! 2.a2IJ (Z)
I el~.8 l>,.2B HlEII lE
2.t18~le. ~ He l~ !h1J I Gl2E!! EilJoC!2j ~~ I ,~~ HllJl!E le ll!! 2 ,~
.(1 ,~~ ol!l ,tt!llC I!~ t! 1M ~ I1d 21:'< ,!.!~ laHl! nl? ~ Ie l2Lll2~HJ
I .\ilij lll>' eE leI ,ttll ~ '~ .l!~ ~ ~e !! le .2!j!2 g<akll .2
8211 ~11.,.. h .,.. I ,~I:! ?I.e aghl IJlABI 2.ru!.E! Ill!! 2tc< ~ g1J02
~ IJ~ I e .1:! 'IlH .2!!'2 .!!ll!! Ill . >'13J ll!! 1J2f!jNI! eJ .@l!! BflJ~ l" Ill?
I ~.~e lIaJoB l" 2,E2aJ 11 .~.!l elH ~ g.ES ~ EHjrul >t l3[I
HC Ej ,e.EI:! V! ~ ~,tI 21l!lil II:'< Ie IJ,II ~ e,!l H22,ts S,l!11 I lll!,f!
E.I!&';:; E1Ja21lf! 'le Hllll l21He '.2.1l!H 1I,2!! Li!l>' allJ g,Hll .E 2,t1J21,Q
,tt ll!.s !l- em ,l!l Il11J.1J .i211!!>'2 21:'< 2.~aJ !! g~ .lhJ2 IIhHI! .1'1 ,~~
I ,gE Hlhl lE .II1J2 ?-lH {? aCl!j ~ li2htl Ie !Ie EtileBH la~ 2~
eJ.E !,EIJ ~ ,If!2 ,EJ .ll1j2 (>~ l!!j ,@E HIJ.C E.~i!2 l21~E tl !.!~
E .el!! 2J!?2aj l;! g~ ".hj2 l!!.li I1I1!I I .? E!.2l!! 211 E2.Hl'!. le IJ~ g
. l1l2 2121 I ,ge BBJ~ lE gl~HEJ (>~ G.11>j2 !! ,(I .2!!'a IJ2f!J!)l!j

lK 31'J3 /1 0 W n , )lV {l H l d O SB 3rl Yd 'IVUN 3 Ulll NO:J 3fiOS va

 l2I:!JliJah 2IDlH I i12g IP ~ l2til!! I:!~ .c ~lUl el!!f!J nil.. EEilB le 1M!
I!I!J ~J G UlIl:J IIhHI:! I ,C ~Ia g2l!! Hll!! l!!" ~Ila to!'! I:!~ 8J II!. IIliiJ
El!11!. III S:l.l8a In';!J n~ 2,a2a g nil ?fr .<laJ a~ (S)
I G,2J:(
lEI! tt gll g 1l1:!1~ - ,1:1'<.1 I1J~I1J I ,~~ !I LI5!lIlE l!a&H I:!IIiEaJ
I:!\? I !!!,g 1!,l:!al tt i!j? ga,a ~ gail!. HIl!! Il!! S:l.a tull!!JCc 2!" I ~
4J:! .~l!iB~ ll'! seQal i!j? l:!la ~ %J5ii11!. HIl!! II'! l2ttl'! li!H~ RJ ,!:tliJ
nIl ~ 2l!! l!<.a2I:!HJ I G II~ .ll/! HlE!E,ilJ ga,a ~ gail!. HIe II'! lI,n ,.tt
ES:l.11:! ll'! glE! g !il21El!:2JlI! l'lnll g nil.. IlJ G 'll15!h,.tt1:! (v)
I ?ll:!.1!. l!<g ,le2 l!~ la~ ,tt .S:l.H1H HaJ ?lS:l. aaJ I 1~l!!!<J
.E!tE<.1 :!~ ll:! g 'laC! aaJ~ ?lS:l. !?- ,gil! 2aJ !! l"1 l!l!!I I1J ?le.8
.<,!(!Jl! a.l!! I:!\? I ,~l!! EIl"..ii2a ?lS:l. !?- l:Iaj !! l~ E~!l nIl I .1I!g 2E(!BJ
EaJI(!2j ~ ~.Hl:! g ,gl!! fir,t 2,!;i<.12~~!1< 211!1 ,tt lBll,!P" l~ ESI.) ~
lUl ae.E!!? I!a .l!aJ '.!.!il ~I!. II! l!.!HkH!1! !! 5ii1.J:! l!!e ,tt lllI!JI '.!.!11
.<.1 ,':< aia Il!! l2ttl'! ~.I!1l1! l!1!< e1!l!.2!l~ I .1;y.1 ,ti 2fu!. .S:l.HIH
Il!! gl!11 2~l!!Jll:ll1!!< lell!~J ll1 J1!,a ~ ell! l!1!< IliHIH IB l!2l1:12 ,ti I!I:!jll:!
1i!1l!!!.!<.1 a.a!?- !.!~ eQl!E I:1l1j 21!< ,{~ ll'! Illl!II1E III1J ,tt llll!JI g I!I:!JII:!
l!!.!1lil!1I! 'c !hI:! 1!.!EI'!J Il!! 2jiJ2!.1! ,tt !l~ Ill!< ,~ ll?l! .E! la,!<1! IIl2til'!
l2aJ5ii1Jah AJ:lJ Il!E al!J I1J ,~IEI! l" I?gl Ill!< ,?.E.B g lE! 'llalilH l"
o!.!il:! ~ 11w..a ~ 2jiJ2!.1! !!j L2ttl1 li!~ /'!!ifH !?- I:I~ l!j BBJ!? III a~
E!t~llE. l!5ii1~ ~ 'EeHI:I g In!!J ea,!2J!!- l!,alla nil I lll!!;! .~ llhl:! ,.tt
gill!! l!eaH -1:I12 !?- 'EeHI'I l!1!< glg!?- gAl! ~.I! !! l8\l:l ~ 2!1JIl!.l! l!I!<
Ell~I'!E g !.ill g.Hl:! E!1211 ,tt ll~ g.HI:! ,ti 19a,~1 I1j ,LI?!l .EllI: ll!!
g,EII e!? l!!" G IEl'!a IlUl L2,l?aa,l!! g g.t! lHa,1 lag 111 n,l l!l!!I
~l5ii1 Haj ,tl,E! liS ,gil! I:!~ aajlB I GlEl:!jl! HIl!! ~ !lilffipJ H1H !? lE!
~.n I @. ~AIl S:l.111l:J ~ gel!! l~ 2!" !If!liJ!!-~ Ill'< E1g~ ~ I:!Il I!aj
III ~JlI !!!,gll Br,t l!!ll!l?JE ll'! 2,!;ili2!;! ~ l2ttl!! etl glli ~ El!lJ.ea l!!"
I !!!,~I'! a.n l!!:!,!;!.:!!" 2~ l!:,liAJlla g 2f1j2!.2 (!~ en 1!.!IlJ ll!! !l~ I ll!!
,ll?!l ,~I1J g ,ll:!!.! 2lI!1 I G Ll!! Lillal!lll IIl!!J g 2!1JIl!.2 Iln I:I~ da
Illl!! a,n !.!E!~gJ!!-g Ie! l!!g~H!?- EaJII1E! ll1 ,tlJ:lJ g llitl,!;!1 I1J ~~ ~

~L7. J NTlW'3"AO}\I l'1V)-JV '3:1-1.1. 10 SH3'dVd "I\r"IJ.N3aI.iINO'J UNns

276 SOME CONFJl)ENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOV E MENT

", "'H, f",hl "il<,l 01 Rol30 3 Roe'o R'f<J!! f<!R ?'R3 oif an~ !l fa' f<!R
3a<J' fe;t ~l "il<'l a" ,PH "aif ii' <lH l;3a' <Jal' I >tfaTa !'lat'a
!'l'fij!! i'o:' ,,'H <la oil ~' 3 t'li ~a ~o 01 '>ffi ' ~'!'l ii' I:!o' >!!! til'i:'
iia ~' I
(6) a'oll'! ~ t'li Elil3 ilBel ~fut' <11 ~f1!!3 R'6 il?'!! I> 1>-
3,f. tara qfut' al tu18 a'ool ;J 3 'N ;;8el ii1 "iI,j} >iia 98 R3!lO
fiOl-l'oR<'BBo a" :G'feB' ~a'f<!t, "ii'! 3,fa' ~B 11 ~fu"" tola' <J I Gih~
tlllg a'ac5 ii' iorRl fO(RH ", i'!ij:G i')i:W I ijH fll6 "ij'tii f<l 8,!'el ~ R'I>
l!/o aij<l1l , qfu'>i' al il~a3 ~ , a'a feo<!'a a'a3 J' I 1I"!! He'" a'il >i/a
~a Het' <Jail,

173

~'ii' ~ <liJ<1 a' qiU'>i' ii:G'fet' at' U3' ~,

(1) <Jil' ~R a
fos~~ al afgB a'aol "'u1-e , ii<J H~H aa fQ fla'tH' a if' aRl..-a
Ha'aa l
- aa'j} il c5 a,.1 fea'e' () , ilaal fll'>!'8 al'>i' f<l1,>!1 ~ fii tol'(1'c!'l
. -
a1:!a't'1-fT a ,!I> t'ltl il'i! "'0 feR Ea'o ii' l:!orA!! 3ala' 11 a'a' ~ ~fu'>i'
a
foorl>..-,f<!t, "iI'l! I t'li I-fT/iH '!ii' fii a'&' f<lF! 30ij' <I' l:!~f3l)(1o
r. 'H' eoa'o ~'~RI H'~H ao ~ I'll fuRl 3Ma!l1<!'a .;fa B'f<!a
a
'>i'tHl i!a il"'oH ~ a'6 Rat'la \Sill fRUI ill a R'fua;:r~ (Rat'lo
a
fuaalll'8 mUl) R'a ~a' ill'il1wo ~ii' >iia Ito ~ BR3~ <J'RCl" aa
g~' I RaB'a R,fD!! a' R'f<Jail'BI Rae'a fl.laa1u'8 fRUI ~o R )1~f3t'a
o'H' itl:i38or 'i8'a'3 o1l>lj} BO'!'>i'R3 ail gao iiD Daf<l1il ;j'Da 0'
al'>i' il'i:' for lii<J Hlff3'>ifij
- O'H' fill",l ail<l il 3'>1ga
. -
olj3' ;) , feR R'a
a'H ii' ilf!jl)i'al Ra'H ..0o' <loll I Rat'la R'fua l:!~f3'>i'a O'H' Ratli!
'>iailo fFiUl ill it Ml a'6 ~~' 'lii<J fDR'!! '0'8"1 liolt'H' t!! R3Im mj} a
a"fua1 a ae <J<5 01 Ra!! 1:!83..-1 aJiIl' I Rat!'a IHO fRUl ?'t;! iI \PR
'>i't!lll 3il aa I'll ~o il .1I:!Jjf3t'a oW D'RI> a'a g~' I "OT fRUI "I
 SOME CO~F ID EN T1AL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT 217

I:!lIf<l'>l'a oW ~R' '>I'U '1'<T3 ()' ~<J fgll Q1ll ~tI e~' ,l"fOl '>I'U Ii '{U .1
~iI' iI'~ I '>f'U ?; ilollg Ral3ll 01' fi31l'a iIOllg aIRl ~ '>IiI"!!'R il'
OIhlT ul <tn' I '>fiIIll ..,TU a' ll~'<!l ii' iljaH3' f'alj(,;' ~" arii ()' 3 ~u f,,11
liIll II'QlTfui!' f~"!!l "QRri~ o'l"!! IN' ci 11'11 3i1 ~~' >iia ii gfu'>I'
il1>05 Ral3l1 ~ O'H ~ 'N foOl"!!;:' g' I
(2) ooOl'e' R'fua ~ 1;!<ii!H' ~ lii"!!01 ijH '>I'll R f<!3"6'01 a'e
a1f3 ~' I aRl~ ci ",11 ii' ;:j '>Ii!',,3 i f)fW<ST3 1l'ua 0112 ~' ~('; R
uf<JH ul H,<!H 53' ~ fa 1:l0l0i!)fT ~ 1;!3'801 ~R a' fOlW ill'S' 5ar' I f~R
Bffi 1;13a U~llc '>fTlJ 1:!<li!H' al >ia~'eJ ~11 ~'I '>fiIIO iljll~III'(Il a'
Q111t.fT .1 feR 3au il'3' ~. 'I'i -e I f<!R it onlil'e T R,f<JQ ii' uwa H<J'I'
ci 1lQl!t!R3 301;11'>13 lIgear1 Jjjll '>!fJ.! f~ffilo lJ<J arfua' '>fRo ;jlJTT I I'll
00ii'<'!' RTfull a1 30-.: iiOl ;i Tll1 Bt! ~l~ ci ~ Iire,<! il' R jij' fOl
filO H' R Uf<J5 ciel TlQ' oul' ,!,i'llI' I fuR R oillflic ci H"!lH ;jOl' fOl
onQ1'CT RTIiJe <11 iii'S" fffu ciH <11 f"I' IfijR'R 5'. ill feR ~
'Sm -ij8i1 ci fiflj iH ~ faR 3aijT allg <ilw ~ I HlI'IT ~ <l
I;f31Oo1' "wa1 aTii ~ fQ1 uf.m 1t:rl 3;tlTtl it OI'H aao T ,)Tum I
~, ur.:fl2 fOl fif~ f"I' RlI3 I>flff31'a all31 ~ I triI aiafHc 1t:rl
3Jt!'tl ci orfaif3Ta"Q1lJ3 01'03 ~ffi'c ;j tI'2 "3 <Til' HlIil' il wl.R!l u~
ci lj3'QU I,f<JR3' Wf<JR3TlJIaH allo' 'Ilij1ii I oij111 3't!'tl R Hau' ~
0107; ii' .;ru :;:rfet!' ~ fQ1 ij''813 il l;!31aa ~H 31t!'i! ci cs1<i "a m
5' I ~ t'jg, !l111 3'tl't! it Q1'H al,>I' w2 "3 <JH feR 31t!'u il UlG' oij1'
Ra3 (onare' R'ma "'1'8' l;!i'H' ..1 R3Ql! a1 3'31"!!'3 011 "'il' R I;!"!!~
aiior') I ~s ci Qi! Q1lJ(';' ;:rwa ,,12 ~R'o ft!<l 0501' >iill uwa' w~
oralffi' il <T'll' il"!!O' 5il1' I f<!R s12 HR"!!3 3ii'i'I' aa31 ~ fOl R,!'S ~
<Tafill;, iii! 0' al'>!, tI'2 I I'll '>Ilf!l'or3 if' Im1 >it!' i&, ill ilfaa Q1lJ%
Ronil'C' R'f<Ja, <11 '>IlfO'iI'3 O1~l ilH ;j RQ13 ~' I
(3) !1'<!13H' fR"U( ~ua a1 !I'a3 <JWal 0'2 :l fQ1 '>fl:fll'(!'3 H'
fRa6 J;fl!lJ <11 tllltl al il'2 fa l!R il R'lI ~RT R~Q1 531 ~ I ~fHc f~g
0' OIl'>!' il'2 I f;ii5l <11 RIl! Ilfa1<J'3 .
. il s12 Hi'!KO jil' iI'3' 5 I
(4) gfllW il ;:'113 ii I'U i ut;J '>1'0' Iulg. 011 ~ ttR il
278 SOM E CONFIDENT IA L PAPERS OF THE AKALI )\OVE!II EN T

fe8'~' '>I'U eil iRia8 '>lull> f<l~ I:[Ff8H'n fAii' ~ Ela' I fti'~ I:[R8H'n
~'eli' <i I>('U ""~I>('R3 ilii' fEl ~<I feR HEl' ua tlafil alofH'c 38<1t'
<i tllll'>1' fAt! <iH <i "3a'ij Elan' <1'<1"31 II ~<I f'ui 9"eli' <i !'lR:l
uR31 El'feH iltlli Ell ;:reftl<l<1 if' qfuf' R feHt"t' Ela' I feR iRiil5 fu15
~ iI'al Eloli Rufus Rawa liar8 fffU/ ill VI' ';:;ij ~l Hij'31l' Oi j lll ~
,I'R iI'e' ';:;0 ~ a flf'!ilan a38Tilil ""~f'1l3 aa' fil <lH' feR ~3
'lfu'>I' Ell 8,,1 3.110 .,fa :tI3a' ~ fil ilfultl' Ell 3il11 ill ~il'<J ~ 3f<J<flii
~ l'i' 5 il'a feR 5re '>I'U qfu'>l' ~ a'a H' <JHlijl feHt"tl 'la' ,;:;. fti'~
)fFf8HT;f ii '>Iu15 'la' fil ~ '>I'ui fRt! 9"eli' ill qfufT <laIijT ii Ht't'
ila' I i'i '>lure flU ii ""f!!'>ll 0'Q?;1 5 ~R El' ala'~ .1 '>I'ui R'a B
il'e' >ilil H<I'3H' ill a f<1'" -e' feRl 3il<J u;13 nf<ls, H'5,<,1'>1', tl'R >ila
<lillH !i!H8 :tI'O i\ ill 3H'H fti't,lR3'n a o'H '>IU15 ilo~ ilT <If<Jt!' S
5~' >ila f;:;a '>I'u~l '>lUre alfe'>l' iI~ ,;:;. ~aTiJ'3 H' ~(j~o ~ii' I .;fRT
Ela~ R El'HVj's1 ill ~Htl .
- Ht.II'I3 5 iI'earl I !'uC!l '>Iu15 H' '>I'U fti'tl
-e'
I:[RHH'?i' a R'iii af<l fOi <lH ElH '>IiI <lH R'8 a 5re '>I'Ucl f3'>1'al
-
ClO a.J 5' I feR 8re f'U 9'e1i' i\ qflJ!' a Hle '>lUre Ell il'31 0 I
(5) ~'ms tll ~l >ila m j ~T '>IfH.3Ra ~ ftl<J'3 Ell
3<Jiii i\ i'i ~o Rl. ,;jR. ill. S1J1 0 '>t'U ~R ill ~ f<1<J'3 a B-ai' Ell
:Jail R<r.J\!1t' ClOre' I tl<l iJUal 0 I onEl'<!' R'f<Ja a 1:!35i1 :!ja ~l~an
Cla'e' >ila i'i Hilljo >ija :tIaa' ,;jRR1~fCo1 I{R >ila fRt! '!!lTa Elilcl Ell 3a;:;
a
i\ onOl'C' RTf<Ja 1i3HOI a'fe!' 5 ij<l10' ~ a' ~tl'n fllClo ~'S -e' I
<lll'a l;i<f<11l' il' onil'cTRlf<Js <i ul'al ii '>I' ilij B<J'tl3 t'1 I'll fOi
onii'e' R'f<l8 011 3H'H ;lIfet"tl ill.'!f'o' ~ 1i31!01 at!31 ~ J filRl Hf/3
Ell iJ'31 H5i111lf3 0<11' 0 J feR <11 Rllf~ 0015 <J'R8 Ela a '>ITU a
~ill tlT~l J
(6) '>I'U tl<J f8~ fOi feR .<1El3 A3 t'l<1'ij fRUl fClllf' <la3' O?
fOl'>l' fTlJ ~ a'H' if' ael ftlB;!Rul 83r 0 ? ~<J qfUf' a' i'i H'HB' !IT ~R
0I1ll'S3 <iel HiJltl <1 T..m13 '>I'U a <J'Ff8 ;zel W n<Jl' ?
a
(7) !'u ea '>ialtt!1 f~l j;jj i!'31 0 i'i '>IaiJ feR il' 011
o ~R ua aia ~ ClO i!5t! '>IHB Ell'>1' we I fn<J'fea ~al :I I
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT 279

(8) ~ I:l<Ilel ;:fa 0' .' fil 1,!'Ra ii' ~e :)' !('i orl llrll3 <lH'
= 0 fa @('i
WB)f <J1>f1
~ - R f('i<l'fe3 ~l1'('i' RBor orl"1' iI'ar~. tlaJU', fF!U3,
lI'~, orlJif orr filS'!B ~el fi3TI'K our I Rile'iI <l!alll1a fR'ul ef<P.5?l
~ M fIlll ~e :l'i !('i <i ;pel Rae'a ~au'B fAUI ill aul..1 ;:fer k :I H'
~t! 0' "?U - fatr3 ~' for uwa tN! 0I1J;j' orl f(')Urfe3 3611 :) I fu;-, R oril -
fKB3' (')Ul' I or;;:fuij ~ ~ ~u lJfu('i~ <i wfeor ('iur, >iiil ~or <Ill R
- ~hl' ~ I fe('i ii orll~ ..ai.!' 5 flle Ole ij I 5oro "iig, ?'5'
f('iiJ'fe3 lIiI'
%I:!B'Cft3 ordr~ t;fT ~ 5~ Rf\:c>orril ora e1"l' ij I ,;jR' ul u'B ~Ra
If'El1' or' ij I irll feR a'ij ii' i'IJe! ;r'el?' orl lIaa 8' >iia ~ 3011 orlJli'
-.
;:ijjil' orl ij ~R eil oril5 or' fi3i!'ll ora' I m .
1l'8?1!', ('ifuil R ('i';r'
"ii8: ii u'B'a fll"l'O ora' for ?<l il'~' ~ 1l'1I fi!(') -& ~1 ll'orlfee' R;;I'
i

.. .
;rl our ue1 il fRa<: orFlCOf1 if' i'i, ,;jRr IlBor 53' ij I a. "Iii'llal ii
;;Ial"l' a'iaflic R R?'BT3 ?aiB' aare' I "IlIlJIa' Ii' 1l;;l1;!('i;r1 feR ~ 1:!3Bor
a'fe'>!' ora..e' I lliIe'<l i!!O!Ilffi fR'ul ~ ;r 'el Il'full iI'Il OOIa f~'
a,!;ret?'B' <i ~' I ~o orl f;fa1 "ii1i ~ ilal!' (')Ur "I'e11
!'IJ ~u uH' falt' fa olS' orl "ii8: Ii' a<lle1;:flf ~ fa3~ "I'eH1
.
au1e ue ~ I "wa' fll"l'B ij fer feR HlHlO' ii 1l3Bor - .
<Ill lIal 3itl' ('id!'
~ Rii >iia ('il or..:1 fell Il'Ha' ~ ~al lJilfBfllcl fll101 ij I fel! 30"6 <Iii'
l:fII'IHI 3iil r ~ol 'J!Ule >iia tfci \iii ;]'8'3 UlIfBor ~ R'~ ila ~
"'<J'li! I

174

Everyone Is welcome to his Views and we forward these viewe

to you for your best consideration . We have never sent you any
views on any Important .ubject without consulting the house and
without the consent of the maJority. It Is no use entering Into
arguments or giving our own opinion until you think it neceuary
to ask us.
2ijO SOME CONFlDE NTlAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOV E MENT

(See letter of Rlsaldar Sunder Singh and six others dated

September 16, 1924.)

175

n
9~ Rf3illCf lJ!ITft!

fCfR' \If<lH af<l3

-
fTU aT ll3 fH5 T or.: ~Cfl?il Rl <l~1 fa fa T51 ~ ;;15
e fa f~ Cf~T(J Ucf
~

ii'~ RT,; sa 1I3H ?i,j f 5>;ii '>Ill

'Ii a6:
-

~?i a1 J;j<l <lTffi/ ~-iiCf-~R15 ~ RTlI 3 filCf '>ICf;:r aa' iii I fa li'>lTfl5 T3
~ <l5 ~ 5le f,,'>fT '!s "Cf(')T ,jI<lli!, Bil'i'i "i! 31?i ;,gCfl llr3' ;1Cf?i fTU
al fJ1t!H3 ii' \I~<l'i'51 5 Tt!Hl :r :-
(1) f.liJlt!l ~ <lRll >ii5 1?i 9t: 3'alll ~ ilgCf Cf;;W 5?i'
<l'ule I filR 3CfUl !1 5 1I'" ""~ H5'i'!H ii~'t!'ij' WR .1 '>fTt!Hl TtI<5
Iff I f~ ii'1l' <i t!~"
Cf;;'?i' aa' 3'fOi rnCf )!Vl?i' R;;' H<ll?i' R<l<5 fCf
J..ji'i'RlI 3",ala fllf3i Cf aCf<5 ~ Hle <fa:<!T fHH ;:r'e I RCfi:!'Cf fHCf fRUI
I
SlI'5 ii 31 ifl!' ~ 1:135a HJ;RCfI ii' fa ~R ~ f3'>1'" aa<5 ii' llTR
f~Ht!,t! B' I

(2) f'ui 3)!'H a",,!o'i'5 <i ~iiI',!f'Cfco;:r ii' iao f~;fo' aO'
ii' I Rilt!'O' CfTiT' fRUI <i
a;:ral'>ll 3 ' il lffiT H' I fCf RCft!TCf H'0r5 fRUI <i
3 TOIlt! ail' fa ff.l)ffiT ;:J'c5 ii uf<l5 '>f'U ~ U'R '>fflf3R<f u~ aCf HJ;RCf'
;:ojil' ii' R'H5 5~ I RCft!'Cf fHCf fi:iUl ii!l iao ~5' ii' fCf ~ ei5'
fA<l'a ii <JH'al 3Cf:<! ii t!R3 llR3' iCf;:r aa' fa iilICf ~o a' OIill~of!
Jill ~ fa <JH '>it!Cf ii a'H ii' 1l\!3 t!1:I5 ~-3 ;j' 3 <lH ;1CJ?> H~<!Cf' W
;del is B-3 ;j' ,;fCf i'Ill f'U ~ ~'iii 3111 >Hilt! OIl>H' <&ai I BOlo '!S
31 5 feo eii' fR<lTll ~ fef! 'll'ilOi ;;a3 \10 sCfla 5(';' <l'<ll!! oiicf ~<J
fa >H'U ;'i !1 fHI; aCf ii'H ail'aT ilH ~R - ii 1If.!ij <l~H crll5 aa'aT I
<!CfaCftl alliia UlilCfl W Q'lH ii lJf5f<lt!0I1 a l >HFiil' 3WH
.
8a1' Ucf ~lt{fA"CII
53' III fHA 3Cf<l' 31 5 ~O'Elfi'~ >iiCf >ii"fClJ fCf ""5~ Iii('; f~cl 5
~' I
 SOME CO .~FlDENTIAL PAP ERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 281

"(3) 1I11Cl'~ FI,fUl:! ~ ~'fCl'>l'3 <i iii\!3 ~<lf3'>1'3 R~'u <W >ilo
i1:ij' fCl '>I<JT(J Iii' HOI' ~<li flou' CI' flm ~ e of3 f!!Ii,!t.!l.,j~ll 11E' ~
ilre -a (Ga <Ji'i <i a!il'f\?9 ;jonl fil '>I 'Il~l 3'Gl3 ii ~3 ,;fa we! l!g ii
Hi'i'FlIiI 3a \lO .p!!l~ac CIa clllliGl'(!;' FI'f<llil Ila CloRtic: CIa' ,;fa f\?FJ
- .
30<1' e& :;j t1'<Ja' 1ill;iol 1.Ia 11' '>I'~1 '>10 ~11il 1!fHc:Jf'c ij",l <iaJl
",'01 ""t!Hl ii;} -eaCl'a ~hiT I
(4) J,I'5F1' a'5~ ~ ,:!iail T.1j!o lila t.!~a &f89 Clil' f1i '>fala
fil;fiiill1iflcl ~'8 -&\?l ,nlaltNF.I FlIl3, 0' 1ia' 3 ~i/3 O't.!1i Illl~ 1ia
~Q'o "al; ~'8 ~R3 ~ill~9i'i -& 3'<1'5 Cla~'>f'(j' fjll'a Cll ):1'30 ,,<lc.I
ClO .:!' I f\?FI ~ 51e Fla-e'CI '>IIlCl fR'w tll >tia -elatd ~1l3 '>fCICI ilCla3
FIllS' 3 S.G.P.C. 011306 Ii open appeal CIa ;1' f1i 1I'<Jlll SCI;} -& FlRa'1l"
aa a OJa~l)fJa' Flll'a fl1il 'iI'!'(11 ftlR 3a<l' .,1 <1 il f!!36"1il -& ~a CIa
ci <iH 011 3iiI<I eor 306' 5al'~ I
(5) 11'011 ~,..ltl 011 ll'ij3 HR8l1 OJa~'>I'6'
fl!5 101' 1l'&1ac
CI'm'R, 6''l!l~'ofFl;:r "~l!' 1iIi'l~ U5 3IJTH lj9Gl5'3 H>ll-e arc fl Q't!
'>I'll & '!I'll;!! a'e fGa tJ5t!1 '>I,m'!!" Cla'<!r I

(6) On the whole we need not lose presence of mind, for in

such big and long lasting struggles crises do arise and there are
r ises and fall, In the way, We have pulled through many such
before; now, with the grace of Guru. we will certainly pull through
the present. Presence of mind. unity and faith are the essentials
to ,uccess. We should not shut our eyes to hard facts and
difficulties, but, at the same time, we should not be panic struck .
Perhaps, we are in the last stage of the struggle and a little more
patience and steadfsatness, and goal will be reached. We agree that
we should not confrne ourselves to only one method or weapon but
should try all possible means. Even if we meet with a temporary
check or reverse, w. will rls. again with redoubled force, more
difficult to defeat than before. We are not shutting our eyes to
the differences among friend inside and the difficulties outside, but
we are still hopeful and determined to frght mOre later.
282 SOME CONFIDENtIAL PAPE RS OF THE AKALl MOVE MENT

(See latter of Sir Jogendra Singh dated October 4, 1914.)

116

"~f30la qR,fE
(I) Ole! 8'0 Ur<l5 l)j'U aT f!ffi~r!l ii' !ail a!fl. t!' \fa' ~
.
fa <lWaT #5 '8' al a'feE' ~ ff3'~a -
~el il){l<:'al
-
fRo:;: uwal ilOl' ~a ~E",'a l:!aaa ii ~~ ~' ll05fa H'lla ,,1 ~a l:!aa"
-
11<11' fa(1'fa <'),

u '!~ ~' R <is <Iff ,;j '>l'U 011 f.l:Rff3 ii' fOil a1'>l' ~ '"' aa~ ~'~<I
Hf<Jil HllW' a 30 ua ~ ~ l)j'U aT HOi=Il ~ fa '>l'U aia aa ~ feR ii
liiFf ail' '"' fa 11' aa' I <JH '>1'1.1 ~ "'<I it 3R51 B3 a5 ~' fa;i ale
t;j' HRo' <JH '>flU ~ B3 ail ~', aHa' uH fell al BH1'a! 31lt!11-! aa'aT I

Olel ilal' R<lH ~ H'C21-! <;!'>I' ~ >ifo \fIR aa \{iRa 3il' fFfUi a' RT:G
ffl{ro :! fa lll()o 011 aiiel Hf<Jil ,npal vt?Ofe3 il l;!3'lla a'H aOoll ~
fa fa ilH ~ (1", - ~ ~el '>f1t.1'ElltE - .
a'H aa~ 011 our j.,1 vel I l)j'U ~
"'113 ~' fa ~ RO'Ila :0153 ~ fJof8':6 ?1fa1>l' :I 1 ~ !ll Il'1l!:H '!'>fT
~ fa Rat?Oo liar8 fF;W ~ RoE'a iHa fRUi Hfffil feR <l'R3 aiR1 &
a'H ii' fE5t1RUl oul' 53, ~a RaE'a I>lHil fAUI;;>; iR31:;:' !II faRl <lilT
fI Ell)jl <.!I)j' ~ fa R Ol'H lI';rcI '11 aHel ijf<li'i-,:!lllful:!' -& go;:! ,,1 ill5'
aa31 :l ~R ua ,,1 uH,a.,~ ;:i~ al ~ R I)jH8 ;:!a'HE IIvr a11)jl
a
il'3' I <111' fR'e f\!ll ~ ~61 0<11' afv Ra3 fa ~ fe3cl'il ,,1 Ha'Ra
iI''il8 ij 1 ilH ~ H'1l!:H <;!'>l' :l fa '>I'U ~ tJlR a'H aa;;>; <l'8' '11 f<l'53
II I Uf" 5 ilH 7; fea'E' al'>fl tlT fa '>1111 ~ ~61 R'f<ltlro '11 ;:filfaR3 ~tI
..I il'~ fHO ua ill-! <5i ~HE ~ fa B're" ~il R?1 'iI' q61 11' ~61 il11 w\Ji
Ra ua m; ~ f31)j'(f ii'aTl HaTil l;!EotIT 11'5' <l'fa1>lf3 011 <!tIT R ga Ole
~' 1 '>IaTil >!I'U ilaa3 Hf<lRR aa' 3 <Iff R Efa>!l':63 ao Ra3 l)' 1 B1aTil
1>lOla At! ii fa R~t?la I)jH"a filUi oiia RaB'a ilOilO fR'UI R'fill1 ilH'a Hf.I<la
ii >WRI ill f"'OIl() ii ;:ilt3 l)' fa filR a' ~ua filila al'>fl f(Jjl)j' ~,1iOTil fHf1
iill "ii' liit! 0;)1'. ii "11' fR ~ iiul Olfil Ra3 il' fa ilH faRl faRH 01 '
eli'>IiE ~J'p ~IIJ ....""uun ~El_) ,tl- .El! ~ l~ El".Jl ~I:! ~II !h1'.-11l,!!.
... 'Linj~ Ea,a 'EtIi.1'. .ai!1 g BJlI all'.la 1.I'.I'.jEl ,ll'..I'. na en .!aHIH jg
gaj etl- .iMld'!j ~ HI'. et'< g ll<!~ el<! I!~~ Il!:i! lae 2JiJe[!! !!l.l'. 1 ,)gil
2.!2 HIl<! HI'. l<!jlE tl- ll! ~ HI! l<!j ,\: ge tl- e~ EQa !!l!~,~ R~j I ,ge.
i'>H,tt IRHtH I!aJ HI! l<!jlE ~ In,l<! l<!e ~ HI'. l<!J ,~ ge tl- e~ F~B Bl'.JtII
e.al!Jl I ,ll'..I'. tl!l ,~ ~ ~ InJlJ ea!2J1:! l!t~1i In,l<! le liBj El<!i'> lIaJ
.Iajll l<!J .!:1 .ei'>FlH !! ll! E~ eleli:~ I ,? l!l<! e'!)"j nil l!n .l'.aJ I ,~ t.a
el<! 5:lHili ,!!-"B e2jge21i1l ~ g HI'. ~lg lIaJ ' ~,I! Illa l!l<! ng~ ~ g
ill!! l!I0 ~ S!~ ~ ?l!l<! ELa-EIIi !! liB!!S!t'II~!lBJ
2Jijl![!! l<!jlE ,g IS!
alq.,uadslPUI l<!j 1! tl- l!l<! g~ ,?"B al!!H 8uom ~ ,tI gllJ l<!j til
UiHj ~ !! l!ElE l l<! ll! InJlJ ea!2J1! elaEltl el; !! l!:ElE ll<! nLi ~ HI'.
I .ge. ael nt! 15:ltlftH !! ll! E.n ,g? e); ~J II! jl!2 ~ S!~ s!1!,!il<!g !!
,tt nil -,g ~ !if!. UiHE!J l~g.I:lLi ll! In.!lj .I:llE]i ellll I ,~ I!~ IItn ~
LI! .E1!J1 UiHE!J 1:' S!~ nLi I M ~II tlln ~ nil ll! InJlj 5:l~ e.aElIi ~
atl~ l<!J ~ ell! I'.!? LelHI'. EaIB le .allj HE~elil'. ~ nil ( 1)

tLl

I ~ IlLe ilHI IIl<!J en S!~ g nLi ~ ,~

PlEl ~e 121l!:Eilj !! HI'. nil !!Illl Ell; ~ g ,e IIEJ l12 n,I 121%f.i1 )g S!~
.~?!~ glllli'> gUE ~ Illl HI'. !! (I'lel<! HIl<! ell> ~ le~2 2,t,tJo!.I!~~
jl'.2 Ell EeRe ll<! ~Je ,tt ?HBJ ~ ll InJlJ ilJ2]i e.aetl ,tt .l'.E!!;I ~
l~1 Hl<! I!II 'lgH,lH Il<! 2:M~~ tl!11:eeie l<!j Itl!t-) Il!2BH II!! I'.tiiII l<!j
,gIHel! l!:Lii!I!!E ll<! g~ IlI"'1! ,ttl'. - ,HIo! BIIL2H nll!!Illl (Z)
I g IS! If4P.J'i'> !! 11!2 leIHI'.
ki!! II!! Htl!?J Ltl!?j ,J:! I"'!! ll<! ell! l<!j,E ,!:1 el<! ellEJR:l<t lBtttll: l3"EE
HI'. 12J ,~?SH1o! !!el! Ha~H l;an,f4 I:'l!l HI! {'. ~~n .l'.ltl!? ~ l'~~tl.!! ll<!
l!l!,B l l:' !! ,I!'" l lo!ilj ellll l!!'< \: ,f4la eL<I jg gRe HaJl1!! e); Eil!!H
~ taltl,!:! el:'< lEl.l'.-l<!g I'.~ ~ .Ila 1e;.E!H ~ nil ll! EI!" LIIl<!j !! :!:eE
li!llLi g HI! J'!E. 1! I $.1'. e ,lEJ !!IEJ!!1! !!IllJel:' ~ g~ 1l!i'>IlH II!! I'.litll

CR. J.N'ill'i3 1\0J' nV)1V ml.L,Jo S1I3dVd 'VIJ.N3aB~O:J 'WOS

294 SO:.JE CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS O~ THE AKALI MOVEMENT

0' 11'~) >iio \Io F! '>lo>l ..a' fO/ uH'o' 3 f~ Uij <:il \lao feou!'l'o ;')
10 uH ~o Cll 0~1'>13 Ul! B8o' B'u3 ;')' I fell 81e ~u fHUllar>;l Clo ~
8<8 .
- ul >!8"t'1 f<ie ~' R8a>l i! iJ:Ig' % ~ uH & lII'OI'u O/a' >iia tiu gl
~ijl ;') fCl ti;;a R,fua nhml fi :G'ijOi ii CIa ~8 liIi ~ll <i uH & liIut
.. -
"oa <13->1'10 "t'oRO B' I 3tf UH ~o i! O1'el115 iRw 0/1 a'a<' f~R
0 B' I U";;3 ill \lii: Clo Rae'o i'ifoft!o fR'llI 'ill <i CI'ul t'l' liI' 6a3 tiul
Cli!' fCl fila CI' Hli,,' m >11 <i Btl?; ~ 8le t!1111' ;') ~u ,.'Ull ao;:'J'
:3 >ii'U 0/1 f.lIeH. ii' >iiafl'8 Cla';jj li!' -;'ill' U";;3 'ill H~' B' ~R' 0/0
.
5' I BClO ti;;a ill ;'! CI'H 'il8,,1 >lio;:!Oa "a' .
I e :3 f<it!a' ii ~fIB'
aa ~ uil' 188' .
- fI' , "t'Ra IIIfftR'!l ~ iao 8't! uii'tl<Ji ;;!(lao t'l' I I'U
emo faRl 3l'H5 ~ U";;3 ill ~ fi;;!t!' <1'8'3 lII'lR ti<l & 01 01 <13'
B' I 3'fO/ ~ H'H8' al l)jij-;'i'1l1 >iia OIaf"el <i RHl> >I'e" I elOJa <;:<1
fa;,l '>fTt!H1 :1' I >1<1 30/ '>I'U ~o <i ulir tr.l a 'H 0' <;'0' HciT ,u
}J"t'-a-Jf'! 'H '0' 0 R~';jj I
(21 g'el;ill fR'W & fef! H'H8' a1 8'1:13 <I3'e', >iio aalO/ "a~ ~
al 8'83 uH ii' ~lIf38'6 o'e il I Clel ' fll'>f'8 ;') f ;i 9'3 '>1'1.1
ii 1.13' 8OJ31 ;') ~ '>i'ui BR3 I'/oe'o Reo fRW Hillol'>f' 1a elO1a' R
,,1.1' ail our all 1'/;3 I filR ' 18811 ij >1001'0 301 $ OIel I Ban 3'-
uH gl ;i IIIill' 0/1 Hel feR 01' ~1l8' C1fJ uH if ii fo/Il1 ii &el ~>lo liI'
e3il'tI C'i' iiar' I U'i3 >11 iI 11'3 'iJ1a ii~ <i lI'e :3 \Io ii (,'el ;iQ fR'llI
a
ii) 1111 ,!ii: 113'0' 8'tlH ;jar >tio @C'iur >lal'>f' <f1l8 H' 'H &a'C'i' :l,
-Hao fef! R~>I UO uH ii' iI ael C'iul' 'iJ'<l:3 fO/ ti<l ,,'O,",e1 ~o 301 u<1"
,,'e Bao UH & &el fl!80 fit! C'i<ll' ij I i'iil '>f'U u'a'3 ilil' "0 5' I
'>f'U 7i uH & J;'t! 01<1' II' f tiiJ3 'ill gle1 R'full ii caRe ou1' a03 I
'>faro '>f'U calic <;'0 RC13 :l' 3' tiu:3 H'oo' U~OlT fa g'el R'fUl! ~
'<18 >iia ;jfu",'o ~' >tia alII <;'ij'O' >iia fOC1'5('i' 'il'03 il' I
a
(3) '>f'U ~ iil1. ",1. "'i! Rilo f~C'il al ea ol,,'elt1ii1 iilo':Ge
l01l'8 ~ ~Il a1 ufum f~ol lara RT53 ii' UR ;j:3 ~R a <'laR'n;')
fa ~na ael la:G'tI ,a-a OIfil63 ;')' I feR ale <JH 'iJ'<l:3 :r fO/ <;:u gl
suffer '0' aii >tia UH'<J' O/'H 'iJ8 >I'\! I feR ale lli'\I fI' R ~ f/ilo '>fIlsl
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALr MOV EMENT 285

ftfol ~ C"efuor a'ul >i& orar,:c R'll B aa @R ~ U'R ;J.i! ';;a If.'i'RW
;1" B81a- ~ 010 ~R ~ eOl ":;0 f;liSl feRl 3.altl 011 fO\Ij~' B'e 3fOl 'I;)
I1a OIa e1 ;J'e I OIrull)(l i'i "flU g tI '~ ~ C"e1~ <I' I feR 01' tl\!a
Ii:i~ ail' I ;)IJ @~ ii iie1 ?iti!' ;?f;)e' 3f;)alal ti' tlll'?il 0<11' ;l RC13
fCl ~~ ClllJBB OI~'al r ;)wa' cii'ira-~F.!O 4 "'<TIR3 <1'8' C1'felJ ~ Ia ~R
~ <JIi lJ'liB ~' r Bsls feR 3O<J' 011 Cla",l ~'ij1e I

Line of argument
We have been a,klng you to make a statement about your
forced abdication because we have ' to prove to the public and the
court that It was not voluntary. and to prove this. we wish to u~e
all the papers in our posse5Slon. but as far as POSSible not to Use your
first letter of July 1923 to S.B. Mehtab Singh, our PreSident, because
In that letter there are certain expressions which It Is not to your
Interest to publish. Therefore. out of consideration for your Interest .
we have requested you to make I public natement. or, If you prefer.
you may write the same letter. giVing it the same date. omitting
objectionable expressions. but clearly recording the forced and unjust
character of your severence and grievances of the insult to senior
Maharan i Sahib. at the Pakka Bagh. As for an Buurance from us.
the resolut'on of the S.G.P.C. of 5th August Is a clear public and
honourable commitment to the extent p05Slble for the Committee.
It is not possible under the rules for the W C. to say anything more
or less than that now.
The objectionable words In the orlglnable letter can barepre,.nted
by 1"ur own enemies a, an Incitement to the Sikhs to rebel against
the Government and so on. Therefore. they are to be omitted .
N OT E. The above Is not to be written but used In conver-
sation for argument. The revised draft Is attached herewith.
<nf' 1)l3'l K'O\IJ <J.1)fI ij fO! fB<JHl If' \iR frol'" ~ autt ~ ~
flfl)l's C(11)l' ;J13' ij =fOl ~~ 3aalllO u:63" ii ;rrR3 '?;. fnaB Rii I
'>tillBII?; Ro~o K"(I1B fR"\JI (81m! "" tiT Rti"'a! I SOl?; 1ll! 011 Hue' ;)'BI3
286 SOME CO:< F I DENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEYIENT

i H';"! oi:!O atl O1a fag a' H'H8' fOiJ'fe3 '>failc ij ,feR ii' iiel 3,tlla
~'fa'>{' 0' ii01 <I'<Jle I feR "Ie '>fOla fiR' fa <JI-Pa' f,p>f'1? 0, 1lC1,,'a
).fi1f8 fRUt ill f8H8 l 0' il' l1ii'ai, '>f'lI ii' R <ie! "" iel "lil1a c-aRc~a,,1
>iia "'fe01 l1'f<Jij f8118' <i iao a~'o' ii il'e , im fo<pfE3 tJ2a1 ij I
178
1I11~31 3 liIi"l3t ..n 3,r~ltl llc:):io lI'i1li1lQl 'll!al~ til 0 f;IiIl 3
tre 111 f~;! ~H t!1 >li11J<!1 f~ol ,
01" '>f'lI ii ~<J feoo:aH80 '>fC1R'5 011 CIIel ;l fHl1Ca fllc~o ~
,,1 ~ , ~R ~ mo:aoa ii fH8 O1a e01 3~1t1 31 'II ij fa '>fCIIa l1a",a
"<I'"a >iia l1ai'!'a 3il' ffilll 11'i"a1 '>uti'R a", !' fa I)fCIIQ,;m. t.i1. VI.
111. ii a1<I'<JR)1elti aa ~ liPo1 O'H ~<l1 atl O1a f"8 .,1,,1' il'~ 3 fa8 ii
6ilO1 011'>f' il '~' Ia ~R . il1. til.,I11. 011 ij'011 H',,' ~OIfc~lclt.i ii OIl!
(W<I fHBOo1 O1'''il. ~'E1c1. 8<11..1 fJ;,r ~a') ii core iiel iJt" Ill ..1 0<11'
ao'el ill~ml -3 {lR ii ~d ~ii .. ~ fOi -arafHc tim iJ..ilBO 31m1H OIa
5ml , fHRGa fucHn RnRl",al?l >iia '0' ila 8CiI' aa Ht'" O1aO' <I'<J3'
ij, >iia <:JWij flf'>l'co H' ~R 01' AMo 31 fenRll'fea-.r 0, ~o oH l al >ifiI
'>f'lI Oil ,:!WOI'3 OIa'~ 01' \!ll' 53' ij >iia OIf<J3' ~ fa i!ffi!1 01"01 <lTUle I
l'Iat!'a .a<J1t!a i >iBail' ff'Ol' (ii '>fa om t'ail al'>f' "'3' ij) OItl'
lfalilc f3,>{'" 011'>f1 ij I filR 'II oa8 '>{lll ii '>faR'8 ij 3'fa '>f'1I ii A'a
I-PHI?' 01' 011?1'>fC1 aoRliRo ii il'e I '>f'1J ffa'f!' fHilafflo1 .. al?~. A1. ii'
f;Jl'!"R OIa ~ WUil B Ril" Rat"a flOlI? rRUt >iia IatlC Mlil "" t'i flilO
it 'iO'Rff RIW ~ 3f.1al;: 5 '>f'~' ,;ro fllcW; ii ~ijiJl FH8 O1a UH ii
fHeo 5' I tim ;Jij'ilc fRa:;: e01 ora' HR6;;l ij,;ro 3).f').j O1lQ~'el '>I'll ii
oR" ).j1i"I' 501 :l, filR a'3 ii '>f'1I '>f).j15 ii' I?'O' <llij'ai, ~<ll 011 ;:r'~all I
179
fll. ilawn ~ n'~' nl'eo1'l1 aHa1 121 f401 '11,,' 'R ; llfu3'" (Jl",
Dear Pet man
With reference to our Informal talk the other day, S. Teja
Singh Samundarl and I have consulted some of our colleagues now
here with us. As I told you, in case the present S.G.P.C. 's not
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL l'APEnS OF THE AKALl MOVU!ENT 287

recognised in thE p'p.'s of Gu,dwara Bill and a new body is created

to tal\k c;:harge of the Gl.lrdwaras, there would be a risk of various
kinds of complications arising . Many gurdwaras affiliated to the
peesent S.C:;.P.c.. very large funds and various branches of the
S.G.P .C. work. connected with Sikh religious matters but not
covered by the proposed Bill. will not pass to the new body in the
ordinary course and wlli remain on either with the present S.G P.C.
or with some othor body as the S.C:; .P.C. may decide now or at any
other time. On the other hand if the present S.G.P.C. accepts and
adopts the constitution proposed by the Gurdwara Act. nO
compliCation whatsoever arised and the S.G.P.C. remains with all
legal rights and liabilities Intact but tied up and bound by the new
t:onstitution, promulgated by the Act .
The S.G .P.c. by its rules duly registered can suspend or
change its constitution by observing certain formalities and by
securing 2/3 votes of its members present in a meeting caliod for tho
purpose as per rules 38 and 39.
We are very anxious to avoid the ri5k of having tWo bodies
dividing the functions of the S.G .P.C. and earnestly wish that a
single constitutional freely elected representative body of the
Sikhs should retain and exercise all the functions. We think the
Government would be as desirous, if not as anxious, as we are in
this matter. If the Government and the S.G.P.C. arrive at an
understanding , then it is not at all difficult for the S.G.P.c. to assure
the Government that the S.G.P.c. undertakes to work the Bill and
that It will carry out all the nacessary formalities to accept and
adopt the constitution-promulgated by the Act and to pass on all
its rights and liabilities along with its assets. branches. etc . In all
entirely to their successors elected in accordance with the provisions
of the Gurdwara Act. This is our view and the view in our opinion
of an over whelming majority of the S.G.P.c. members.
In order to give such an undertaking to Goverment, however,
we can only advise the outside workers to do so as they have the
e~.1 status of if they permit us we may do so. In any case a couple
288 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALJ MOVEMENT

of outside workers will have to see us for the purpose. If you think
that the Government Is In favour of a settlement ~hen you may
kindly arrange for such meeting and then we can tell you what sort
of understanding can be given.

180
Gurdwara Bill
Dear brothers,
(I) It Is heared from an official source that the real intention
of Government Is to get the Bill only Introduced in this session and
then by some Indirect means to get Its consideration postponed to
August. One can't say how far this is true. But this is for your
Information and any action that you might deem necessary to
prevent this delaying.
(2) The signs are that perhaps there will not be much
opposition from the Hindu side. But then may be an apprehension
of Muslim opposition indirectly put up by Mian Fa.. 1 Hussain, either
because two of his Bills have failed or because he would like that the
Sikhs should approach him .Iso. You may, if you approve of this
course, request Dr. Kltchlew to see him personally and sound his
views. Not only that but enlist his sincere suppOrt for the Bill. But
you should move early In the matter.

181
Bill
Letter of S. Mehtab Sinah ji
I do not know exactly what may have Influenced the Executive
committee to abstain from paSsing Resolutions redecision to work the
Bill. stopping Bhal Pheru Jatha, etc., along with or rather in
precedence of the resolution about the imposition of condition on
release. That would have strengthened the Committee's position
enormously by convincing the world that our aim Is constructive and
we are anxious for a settlement. It would have made our agitation
 SOME CONFIDEN11AL PAPE RS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 2S9

for removal of condition on re lease more effective and at the same

time definitely and clearly prepared the community for constructive
work. Anyhow, if among the reasons actuating the committee,
there was also a fear that some among us will on coming out work
against the Bill, for they have threatened to do so on the 12th inst.,
then I give you this information. S. Teja Singh jee's speech was
rather unfortunate for It belied his true feelings and opinions which
he wanted to express. I have, on careful discussion with him, found
his views as follows : -
(I) "This Bill does not fully reward all our enormous
sacrifices , but considering all circumstances it is a victory for us.
There are defects In It but not such that we may reject It or wreck
It. I will work it and try to get It improved by remaining In the
S.G.P.c. through constitutional means and by trying to convert the
majority to my views. I am not and will not be for creating a
split In the Pand, and if I can not serve usefully by remaining in a
position of responsibility, I will qUietly retire to a position of less
responsibility. But I will always continue to serve my Panth wherever
I be:'
You have perfect freedom from me to get the above verified
from him if you think necessary. He admits that his words may
have created some mis-understanding and that his definite and clear
views are those described above by me.
I write this in order to help you to gauge the situation and
make your decisions.

182

Bill
It is our Imperative duty to convey to you our very strong
feeling and clear opinion that a serious technical mistake has been
committed in not making a definite declaration of our consiructlve
polity-as for instance indicated in the draft resolutions already
290 SOit E CONFIDENTI AL 1'A PEnS OF THE AI< .\L! MOYE)!E :-I T

submitted to you - along with or ra t her In precedence of the

Resoha io n about conditional release. By not making such a
declaration you are keeping friends and foes in surprise. That is,
Some Sikhs will be thinking that perhaps one of the possibility is
t hat t he Bill may be rejected, for the S.G.P.e. has not declared its
mind. fees and neurrals are crit ici sing us for hesi tating to accept a
Bil l f"med and mov<d by us and meeting our essential demands . O ur
this apparent and all eged unreasonableness is also affecting people's
opinicn regardi ng our agitation for unconditional release. As it is
admitted o n all hands that wha teve r happen we are not go ing to
wreck or reject the Bill, then the sooner is this pOSition announced
the bette r. Further, community's mind will be set at rest and the
foe's mouths will be shut Do you mean to make this declaration
after t he Government has given its final reply about the release!
In event of Governm ent absolute ly refusing to yie ld, this declaration
of ours w ill be considered a sad submission while making it now it
will be cons id ered a splend id stroke of statesmanship, wisdom and
tontiliation and sincerity and will also help in solVing th e release
question . Those friEnds like Sardar Teja Singhji and others, whose
author ity we have not gOt to convey their opinion to you on their
behalf, have in conversation here expressed the ir emphatic opinion
from which we ha ve got the clearest and most d Efinite impress ion that
their opinon coincides With the views expressed above and they
also dee~ Immed ia te action on these li nes ab solut ely necessary. In
fact on e of th em, a very Im portant and responsible office bearer. ha s
calied the omission to do so "A biunder".

2. As to the exact proced ure to be adopted now after a good

o pportunity of d o ing it In the last meeting of the Executive on the
13th instant has been lost , you are th e best Judge. One way is to
make an annou ncement on behal f of th e wo rki ng committee, if it is
impossib le for the Executive Comm Ittee co meet immediately. In
that ann-ounce men t the reso lutions passed on l ines already suggested
or on similar lines may be published In the foll OWing order ,.-
 SOMI': CO ~ FIDEXTIAL P Ar~RS OF T H E AKA!.! ~WVEMEN r 291

Resolution No. I as already suggest in the Nete o~ 13th.

-do- No. 2 - do-
-do- No.3 -do-
-do- No. 4 -do-
-do- No.5-already passed by the Executive on
th e 13th about conditional release.
-do- No. 6-here place Re,o. 5 of th, note of
13th.
Whatever you do. do as soon as possible. Th is will strengthen
the hands of your CounCillors, and they will have a definite gesture
from you to help them In tackling the Government .
3. In connection with this matter we also feel our duty to
bring to your not ice respectfully that I, rge number of us fee.l
aggrieved that while you have taken absol utely no action on the
matter, I.e., the Bill, Bhai Pheru and Jalto affairs about which you
asked our opinion and we gave you practicall y unanimous answer, on
the other hand responsible members and office bearers among you
have In public speeches produced a serious com~lIcation. And that
Is this :-on the 12th you were all pleased to promise us Without
our asking that the opinion given to you confidentially will not be
divulged. Now, not only has our opinion been 'divulged but wholly
Incorrect version has been given to the publi~ about our attitude
towards the release question . You know we were not united on
this question. But your speeches have comm itted all of us to a
course which is not the course of 311 . We ag'ree that perhaps you
are using what seem to you to be best tactics But has it not occured
to you that in the event of Government remain ing firm and. certain
person taking a particular course , your as well, as our position would
be most unhappy. People will say e ither you gave an untrue . vers io n
to the public in your 'speeches or that some of us haVing given you
our word have bet~ayed you and dis-honoured ourselves. Th is
. ,
situation is much too serious and differences o f opinion much too
acute to be handled without deep thought and farslght.
One of us at least has Insisted on sending his protest to you .i n
1
292 SOME CO ~ FI DF.N TTAL P A P ER S OF THE AKAl.l MOVEME NT

his own handwriting as herewith attached and has kept a copy. We

are puzzled at the complications that have arisen and can think of
only one line of action to suggest to you and that is as follows :-
(a) Take up Immediately the work of dedaring a dear dec isive
constructive policy wh ich may Impress Government. public and the
community with your peace-loving intention . Begin acting upon
thi s poliCY as soon as advlsible and beneficial.
(b) Isolate the release hlssue" from all entanglements, and,
even in that issue, do not: renounce the " open door" policy_ Advance
but always keep a way of honourable retreat open for yourself, if
necessary. Our fight has dearly passed that stage when retreat was
not even to be thought of. Now we must be ready for compromise
concerning matters left unsolved .
(e) Put as much pressure on Government as possible and
advlsible but do not over do It. Remember you are dealing with
an exceptionally dever and firm man who can not be won over
merely by bluffing or obstinacy or uny ieldingness.
Note. Kindly do not forget that we sincerely sympathise
with all of you in your onerous respons ibil ities and know your
devotion and sacrifices. Do n ~t take th is letter as harsh or
ungrateful.

From Resaldar Sunder Singh to Sardar Bahadar Mehtab Singh,

President S.G .P.c. detained in Lahore Jail , dated July 17, 1925, see
No 101 page.
Objections of Sardar Bagh Singh Vakil of Gurdaspur to the
draft of the Bill pro posed for t he Management of Si kh Gurdwaras.
see No. 102 page.
Letter of Sardar Gureharan Singh and others to Sardar Mangal
Singh dated July 25 , '1925, see No. 103 page.
Letter from 19 leaders detained In Lahore Jail dated july 25,
1925 to the Worki ng Committee of the S.G.P.C. at Amritsar , see
No. 103 a page.
 SO)1E CONFIDENTIAL PAPER.S OF THE AKALI MOVEME,;T 293

183

.n
9(1 Af30]a '!I"'f~

(I) (e) l>IHala. ii ;:j ;la' 80 \fi!i5' a' '>fI av' ~,~R ~ >!,rsa
-
ulf'al a,g ~ fOl ~R ii .,fvalO1 & 301.r1'>!3' il';; ~ 51e ya' - .lla' ,,'fl:~'
~(51fl:'>I' H'~ , '>fill <5 ~t! !ci !ci "fila' ~ li35a ~R a' qar,J1H "fl:'>!'
oil'>fl ~ , '>!l'I ~v afRR 5111 'l''1le fa fl!o "filii' ii' fl:R ;:Iii 01' ,J1Filillo
!r:P SIal 5 , f~' ii' Iill3f8" <J5a' 80' aa .raaai.! 3aR1H are H'e' I
~ '>Il:lIm '>fit! '>!'u~ '18a' ii' RaaraHl it a'H ao ~ 3>'01110 va ea
'>IiII'51 ~a 3fuala ii '1Ht!Ot!l al1<5 .r'5 <!i ~'1 !:fila uqi3' .-J' fa '1wij
a
lJ'Ift <JtfIa' H1,g' if ~all'ol OIa<5 51e I' ail ~'. ~a vii' ~o a' R;r'aT3
a~ foUlfl:3 ~al ~ I fl!R 30<1' ftl~ ii' a'H aa & ft'RFaa8'5 ~B
a
F.lfua ir a'61 iiaT3 fl!Clol ,,1 iri , fl!R 81e fROG ful'>'o aa?; ii <11
OI'H 0<11' i35arr , IJ:f1l'a'3, fI:RFa'1'a'3 ~a I'BHl I5'a' ii' 31iR1H OIa
.
~ uii iia ii 0I')f CIaO' ;jar' , '1a eOl "fua ii' fl!,-iol vl!l .
.. m'!l RaT3 ci Ha'
oil C!6lI'01<i' ;:j 18 301 011 ~', ~o 011 GI't! ft!51 aa ~o ii illlCl 011 iI'~
fq ~ ~a8'ol & 5re a.r~ MUra'tI a '1iila I.t! I'U ci liS "ii',;j Rei
3 '1a ea fu~. if 13<11t!1 ;fa' ci 51e fl!o t!1.r'<'i' ii' Iat!'A J;!ll'e ;:re' ,
full fOlRH ci ~1.r'&' ii' 11<11 '1aa3 531 ~ >iia Rfllae fI" ua 531 ~ I fl!R
3a<J <Jii' ~iiB II fa <Jii' 01 1:;:1 a')fGl'1I1 ;j R~ml liia fr aH-iial 13<11t!1 ;fij'
011 a;:'oar1 ir Ci~lt!'a ~el ll, ~R 01' f.'la ..1 tI'fe5 ;j tf1~ar' I
(al) ftlo sfua' a' t!.ala'H IJ:fa 'a'3 ii' I;pfl!I' ~'>f1 ~ ~R if
fe51;: >lia ri II~ Rfua', HR50 51ila, Cl l fe511a, ai'i1ai~', !!C'5',
l'il'iOl'e' R,full, G"i'8fti~, ;:ma' "maT ii 3'1 ~fss "ii' fOl iii ci t!Of.1~
a
ci Clre ~'<:3' i'e' fil IJlHala' .rrS ;fii <1Hir vi ~i1' tI'e <iia ~ 011
Balt'>!'R3
- ua ;fa' "u t ~tI t!1'>f1 i1'~ , ,
(Rl) fl!O Bl"'<5' ir UOi3'a ci 81e l:!'>fRa a'ml ;fa' <iia U6i3'aci'
CIT fi3"I'H allJ1' iI' ~ I
(~1) l>IHa1,, ;:15 ~ ii' ii al!l I3l1R u"ws i:i r..Rlllfua w
~94 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF Tl'\E AKALI M OV~lE)lT

30lala ?<iia l 0' Olii I R~10I3 iii ,;j"'ClR 011 fRo': ;:'afiB "~I<J <11 t!l'>1'
.
tll. I tI<1 f/lu lf1:3 t.!aal ~ <laol iliafHc OIfa;:3 l al Ola oi OlIH filOl'~
Bail I f\,R Oll <J<;13 ul fJf'>l'B ,,~~ I
(el) !=fl f-flJ.3Ro ii' "'Ill Oll ll~1 s'oll1 lR 30 lJa R""0I3 011'>1'
ill~ >ito ~R ~ ofij(j~ ~ 1>1e fHl'l/lol 07 15" ii' 1I1R fe'3i1IH 0l1'>11 tl'e
~ ifii ~ 'B' ii faF.!;1t!lij' ii '>lOla oj Rii"3 tliJi ~o if fK8'<5 011 iin:JF.I
..1 tll~ I if,l' ii <1Cl 3au '>IlorH t!l'>i' tl'~ I
(2) ooCl'G' Rlf~1I H' alRl~a ':!Claa 0I1e tl'<5 071 <J'<l3 llfu8 ;1
'>f'll ii uHtal ale ~51 III >ifa UH <5 >rfIti if '>Iai=! .,1'>1' '" fCl oo" cr
R,full H' '>lara HoB' BOI tl'e "3 lJ"<J 071 H~er u'83 ii Neoi=!a all Ola
f<IU3a iiaT' I feR 30<1' UH ~ .,el 6'ff!~ ,PRI> ii tl~ fCl~'fOi ooOl'G'
,:pfull ii' '>lOla eO! tml uK'al ~fHcil'c ii ,,1313 il!g, <J'll' ..' o'H 8 ..a
".
uH eRal ffiIIu il <I<l0l3 ilaa3 OIijt.! ~ R'll alc'fea 5 R..3 it I t!Ra
/I/IOI'G' R'fu9 H~ alRka Oll l:fOlaa Olle il'o' eOl fOlRH 011 <:IfI'al 3'''~
.
al '>i'ilH'feF.! ~ I iiu a lllBa 5 , '>i0l0 <:IH i; feR tic lj'HBl ;;pfeK a1;l
3 feR Ol' K389 oraflic iiul 8 Ra31 5 fOl u)-flal 'l~il 'c aKi'ia oj OIel
~ '>lara '>f'U ii uleliiac ii' >u51iiBO;:! lil OIan1';" :3 sl Ol'HliNll feRl
Ra3
ii' <i R0I31 ~ '>f'OIa ilioffiZ ii tlu fl I5K "'e
= ii fOi uHlal Hoe' ~ 1>1e
l-jafl5 f31li'al ~ >ifa uH Hoe' t.lga 5011E'w I feo 3H'H eB l fe8 ii
HeotlO all aa uH f;:o 91 '>I'U il tI<:Il il('i31 OIa'ar fOl '>IllJ OOOllG' R'full
ill:f38a <:Ifl l al ore ua oro .:aKle' >ito HaBI 8011i; Ol' yol' fe'3t.1 lH OIa'
>ifa ~R ii' ~el ~a ~'fOl>rfl or iii; U' I ufl i; alRl ... o ~ Kolaa ale "'ii)
ii ~0I3 >ifa ilii)ilo R'fu<J ii OIfa<:3'0 iii; ii ~0I3 e o'ea If01' ilaB'
801'ii) ii ii t!le ij ~ I '>1010 '>I'U HaB' BOI,i; 01' ~R5' Ola 8' 3 '>flU ii
feR "'3 Ol' f1;'>1'5 olin' t.!gal ~ fOi fl!R Oil BH<I'ol iliafHc ii fEa lJo
lJ~ I ""01 '>iara '>iiialclt.! iiel >ifa 3't.!' ilI531 <lui R<li=!e aij>:3 nr ~R
e'
il .:'fet!' ~o' OIa Hail' 501' I ,>(1!;01 ut.!lai') >ill 111>' E' fOi ;:ol'>i'
al UHt!at!l ufllii R'e ii I ,>(llJ '>1ll1 R<lH '>it.! OiH lJj~ Rt! '>i0l'1l1 ('ioCl'G'
.
R'f<:l<l fl' ilK' OIa 5' >ifa '>lara ulEl ,jae il tj8~ 307 aiafK'c iiel riia
.
:01831 i')' 91 ail >iia <:Ifj Hail' or 91 Mal' Ra' 3 ill <JwiJ )iaBI ,,1 l:!cifl5
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMEKT 295

fu'>f'a1 &' ~ral ~ac H' >i{uBliiR?>tI ua ;,!!Ot'>T3 '>fRo U;ipl' I

(3) aH'o' fl1'>1'8 ij f& '>1I1U'a'3 fI' i'i ?>'il' cil ;'let ~ H3"<>&
&e1 HII'ffilI' '>I'HtI fa' 5'cl I1lli!' R,fe'>l' 531 afc31 a' feR R ill liS'
Q&R~ uiiil ?;]' I RH;~'a i'~1 ao e& );lllo ~ HOI &1 0;'0 if ~11<5
a
n ,Jl3 ~, ,;;~ t'l'Ia &e1 &Hi'io '>1,t!Hl~ uo feR &' 'JO' '>1Ra US3' aI
31RIJ, .mo i'~~l~' U3 feR &' 'la' IRo ?>' ,,1 u~ 5010 iala fu?> ii
ors~ UO fl!R 01' iFfO us il'e 3 fe?> ii a'R3 ir ill RfiOo';] 5 ,1'3' a I
feR ~R3 ~<:I afaR 501 iI'ale f01 ~""l!l ';;a Ha<:lH }j' ;,aa "aioT OIl
or<l'ol~' &' ta R'l! a wei; ii 3t1C/o'3 &' fR8fR8" '>I);lIl'o'3 ii' &H 5
tI'~1
(4) ialo ?>?>OI'<!;' R,f<:lll ii' '>I,t'Hl feoi% 5 aI~ 5',;ja Hoil'
orl f3'>1'ill aRa HOI' 5 aiel ~, 3 Hoil' iao 8m ';;0 ~01 0' 5 I iI,ij f:Ga
<I'e1 aae }j' latl1 01.1 O!tlij I BOlo ialo '>IIU &1 f3ll1'a1 &':0:1 0;]1' >iia
'>!lI1 ;]Iel aac if' '>fa ill ei; OIl ;'lR8 1Ola3 ii' 3 &1 i'io Fi f3'>f'ill ~
501 ill<ll~ elf& ia;:,l Cl'HGI'1I 51; &1 ~}jt' 5, fa' llIalo 01 K?>iila 5 3
fuR o'-HOt,!a1 ..1 fllOT l.Ia iOl~lIa }j' Ha,p >,li! 5 il'~ I
(5) ItfHalC/o ;lefT <l'g' Oil ll!Ui; iui; lila' ii' il'OT >.Ilfet!
lf3OOlOl 5 fOl~'fa ii ROle' iI f& l)j;:JBI<I ~ i:GRC ~05' 90:> BGI Gil
faRl >iio 11;]1;5 if OIfa:Ge'a Ola 5" 31fOl aI-pal 3f;]OlO1 a io 011 i'H>!
Fi <l'feE' 0 1ii Ra I feR ali! '>filla lfO'RIl RHS' 3 ~o ii f'Gjlg fe3:G'8
~ lIf-flfJRa ii' 01 'l8"" e' .;'fa ~o a >ria ~o ii fa"3~'a' a <lsl fetl3
>lia i'il'H ii fcalfeE ",;iia l \3' I
(6) Ra~'a latlo fil"ul Rlf<Ji! 011 3R>i ac R&lH 011 il'i!3 iat!
.:I fOl ~3 ii l-j;fBO/ 3 iIU ~R &1 If''''lf ~ flli'8 al 3aa Cia ~'_
Drive It out of mind, fa\U<f feR &' 031~1 ?>I&'HGjllll >ria 31lial a,
fu~ ' f& at iilla Cl51 ;,~a3 'iel 3 O?l&lc l _Rlf<J<I tla ~R1 3il~1t1 ii
feR3H I8 Cll il'i!3 ora ..1'>1 1tll?illl I Bor?> '>1ill ~ <la i 51 feR ii fei!3W8
Ol' ~el ",lfCl'>f' Gj' tI~a3 ?>ul' I ~fail!~ iI';] 3 aii' <lf3a il8E 011111
5011 I ~R tla .ijRI a 010 R'Il3 ClEHl if '1B '15' I "101 "'&3 feRf3&515
Rlla >iia llaEI83 ii fE'<5 011 ~ I '
296 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AI{ALI MOVEMENT

(7) fll8 ~8 H'1l8' H' tfu3 R'f'll! ii tffiBl il8BT f<i~' iii
R'l! :;i1l8' C/iJlfl?,>(' il'~ I fl:'R ii' ~3 il'fl:'l>(' i')I 5~ B' I ill! 301 '>(Ill
Ung 0' lS' <ii ~<J il8BT illH 0<11' 010 ~'<ii I ~o ~ '>!Qil 010 ~ UII ii
fflB' B' 3'fOl <lfl III ~o ii f~llall <la g', >ii, ~o \lQ i'ia ~'8' I
(8) <JH ii' it III ~&r f!ilO 11'8<1', ~l>!'II' <1oio' ,>(8,~';j ftiol,>(i
f"
'>ioll'B Olil oil ij' fOl '>!J.!al<lo ;je l 01' '>(U~ '>(U~ fl?8'iil lie Fl:'llf301!!'8
aij'. >iio rl Bl'lrii' ii' fI?B'OI' 011 3a:;: R eOl ilOl 'i<1H8 BulBl ;jar 1100
OIa'e' I ~ilB ij fell ii <JIl' all;!~I1'c ~ 01':0:1. :;:'fI?B' u~iiill' I
(9) fu~ 'iA8H'~' ~ <rR'B ~ 'i3801 ii8'"O' l:!i'J)'!B ,>(51, <JOll).!
'>(il).!5 "1'"0 >iio l!I THl13o>!' ~B ~ ~OI ).!lfiill Ft!<151 il' f,j~Frd'o c} 3H').!
BTiiJa' aT <iia aa~ ii 81il 118'I?T ij I filR a1;rrallt ~i: <5 'l::l (~t'lB)
R3!!a 'i<iao a1 ij I IilR' "0' 5 FOI (13)'!B' ii 3W).! '>Ii/'lIs1 ~ H'eo ;'j
ll~alfilRc ij' fl?R <FaTl! Ua i35 '>(I~' >iia <JH'a ' ailf8~8?i f(lfa t!'~ Ufl
UR <J1 0 ' ;i llli I FI?Il ~ 51e l)jijJC! 3 101l! 3aB18 <lO' RGf' 3' FB<J81
ii' ~l:'1 ~Rcil 3'aTl! JiOl"a OIaT~ I FI?Il ~ li38a llaB'a HilI5 fR'ul '11
ffla<lO' 11'8<11'>1' Nl ii Fell a' fi3;;I'H aa 5' I

184

This Nankana Sahib and Guru ka Bagh affair after all may be
Godsend. Let them start. In the end, we should select one main
central place for struggle we may put forward all the resources at
one command. But. in the meanwhile. let us engage them' at
Nankana Sahib. and even at Guru ka Bagh. If they ehaJlenge us there
also. The message of Narain Das to the Udasis and this reerult-
order may be part of the same plan. Some safe and secure shop.
house or land as near the Gurdwara as possible should be unostenta-
tiously selected for the struggle. About house or shop nothing'
further need be said but If possible. land at the Gurdwara Jhatar or
Butwala well. near the school . would be excellent sites . You shoul~
proceed to the SpOt and concert all necessary me .. ures there. It
should be kept in mind that no third party should be concerned;
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF T HE AKALI MOVEME NT 297

for Inuanee, If there is a tenant, his Interests can be purchased I>y

formal relea.e on payment. The issue should, as far as possible,
be clear and dean to convlnee the public that we are Invading no
one's rights but the Govt. in pursuance of Its policy, declared by the
Governor at Amrltsar, is Interfering in the management and control
of the Gurdwaras by taking away their Income and taking possession
of their property. We should start by small beginnings In order to
watch where and to what extent the GoVt. commits itself. Care
should be taken th.t the property and the possession of any ab,ent
tenants are not Interfered with by t aking po5Session of their shops
or houses and , therefore, no locks should be forced open . All this
affair at Nankana Sahib should be controlled by some cool-headed
and strong-minded responsible worker. Beside this, moderately
worded but strong In facts and figur., propag.nda at extenslv~ scale
should be started . In fact, we would suggest to you to , deeply
consider the future poSSibility of our trying to get all our problem
solved at Nankllna Sahib or Guru klI Sagh and with that view to
prepare the ground, If you agree with us.
2. As for accounts ,ult, the declared policy of th~ Govt.
being hostile altogether and all suggestions of a peace or comprom ise
having dropped down, there seems no use In defending $UC~ a case
as this. At the same time, to put our word on the r~cord, an
application attaching the attested copy of audited accoun~ up to
31st March, 1923 should be presented to the Court, saYIng that
books of accounts and other papers from which further ;accounts
could be prepared have been se ized by the police, and, t~erefore,
the later accounts have not been audited and shall be audited In due
course and produced In Court; if so desired . After the declaration
of the Governor at Amrltsar followed by the contemplat~d action
at Nankana Sahib and other places, ~he defendant has b"",n forced
Into the belief that It Is not posslbJe under the present circumstances
to expect Justlee and fair play. Therefore, the defendant Is forced to
take no further part In the proceedings which have been taken malafides
and under abnormal cirtumstance at the Instance of the Govt. After
298 SOME CO!<F IDE NT I AL PAP ER S 01' T HE AKALI MOVEMENT

putting in a well worded application to this effect, the applicant

should retire from the Court.
3. As ror the statement about negot iations. It Is no use with-
holding it further, so S. Mangal Singh or S. Rajah Singh should
formally publish them on their own behalf as an authentic statement.
We are glad to In form you that the contemplated action of
the Govt. with regard to Nankan. Sahib and Guru ka Bagh and
other news conveyed In your letter, has again infused new spirit
In the Sangat Inside and the results and suggestions noted
above sent to you with the approval of all except a few
non-co-operators who do not take part In our proceedings in spite
of our earnest entreaties. We think that you too should .11 unite
and work with new vigour and determ ination as demanded by the
ancient traditions of the Khalsa. By the way, we should like to
know why S. Amar Singh has reSigned now when nothing is being
done against his views so far as we know.
As for Sujjan ' s affair, we shall address you later.
5. Try to obtain deposit money In the banks as they mature
and earlier If poSSible. Present Is the time for the Sikh energy and
perseverance. Yon know that the Sikhs, unlike other communities
are historically well known for their steadfastness In danger and
adversity. Shake off all doubts and pessl mlsm. The cause is true.
Go forward and win! God bless you! tet all of you stick to your
posts at head.quarters.

185
Nabha affair.
Moat Confidential
Some suggestions to give an idea of an honourable settlement in
the present circumstances . Kindly consider over these:
I. First ask for a Council of administration approved by H. H.
(Not a Council of Regency, because in that case H.H. would have to
formally abdicate In favour of his son and his own chance would be
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 299

lost for ever. He will never agree to this and will not abdicate.
Nor is It desirable that any Rani should be made Regent. for that
would create split in his own house. His future chances should not
be destroyed.) ThIS Council will be appointed by Govt.
or as a minimum
2. (aJ A council of administration inspiring confidence in the
Sikh Community that It will maintain the Sikh character of the
State. The Government will appoint this Council. and (b) Removal
of restrictions on the movements of H .H . in India or outside (except
as regards entry into Nabha territory). and (c) freedom to H.H. to
seek constitutional redress of his difficulties, If he so desire. in India
or England. (d) H. H.s private property not to be attached.
(Note-Secrecy is most important. At the same time continue
to press for something more than the minimum, so that you may
not at lea~t get the minimum. Don't reveal your minimum easily
and at once).

186

I. You must have seen the resolution about an amicable

settlement of the Akali situation which S. Gul.b Singh intends to
move in the Assembly. A copy is attached herewith . The first part
is alright but the remedy suggested is vague and Indefinite. Kindly
ask him at once to consult Pt. Malviyaji or Nehruji and get an
amendment moved to his resolution to the effect that a committee
of conciliation or settlement. whose names should be mentIoned in
the amendment should be appointed by Governor-General in Council
to bring about a settlement. The names should be suggested with
the consultation ofthe two Pandits, and should be a really useful
committee from our stand point. Perhaps you know that S. Jogendra
Singh Is also moving for the appointment of a Conciliation Board
in the Council of State. An effort should be made with him, too,
to get definite names suggested, and to see that the names suggested
300 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AK"Lt ~lOVEMENT

In the Assembly and the Council of State are Ident ical

2. Effort should .Iso be made in consultation with Pandlt
Malvira and Nehru jl to get resolution of condemnation of the
Punjab Govt. moved for failing to solve the Gurdwara problem and
also of the Govt. of India for failing to appoint an Impartial
comm ittee of Enquiry for Jalto fir ing affair. An adjournment should
be moved for this purpose.
3. Kindly urge S. Kartar Singh and Gulab Singh M.L.As very
courteously to move and exert themselves much more than they
are doing and see and canvass and Influence the members of Assembly
and Council of State In order to put all kinds of pressure on Govt.
in the two Houses by asking questions. moving resolutions,
adjournments, issuing a Signed manifesto on Akall situation, holding
a public meeting at Simla, etc., etc.
4. It Is most necessary that S. Mangal Singh should go to
Simla at once and stay there for some time and see members of both
Houses with the help of Nehrujl and Malvlyajl and enlist support by
enlightening them about our demands. the reasons of the failure of
Birdwood negotiations, the repressive policy of the Punjab
Government. etc. In short, he should organize the pressure that
we wish should be put through the two Houses. He may there
d iscuss with the great leaders like Malvlya)1 and Nehru)1 about his
suggestion of presenting a Bill in the Assembly, though we think
this Is not pr.cticable and every reasonable man will say, this Bill
should be first p.ssed In the Punjab Council .nd then extended to
the rest of the country. S. Mang.1 Singh should take literature
with him like-Gurdwara Movement hand bill by S. Karear Singh,
MLA. Jaito Tract recently printed at Madras, Statement about
Birdwood negotiations. Note on our demands sent to Dass, etc.
5. S. Mangal Singh should specially see Nehrujl and request
him on behalf of the S.G.P.C. to give us all support and help In
every way. As for Nehru ji' s seeing Hailey or any other official,
we are strongly of opinion that In the present blind mood of Govt.
It is no use at all, rather harmful. and Nehrujl or any other person
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT 30

should Intervene only when Government Is in a proper mood and

wants somebody to Intervene. We are sure you will agree with us.
Sardar Hangal Singh should impress Nehru ji about the moderation
and reasonableness of our demands and the breach of faith committed
by Government In the last negotiations. About the Bill , as Pt.
Malvlyaji has been entrusted with that work , anything that you want
to do about it should be done with his consultation. But S. Hangal
Singh should press Malviyaji hard to get the matter settled with the
Hindu Councillors of Punjab immed iately, so that we may through
Hindu and Sikh Councillors throw a challenge to GoVt. to give
assurance about release of prisoners and then we will present the
agreed Bill.
6. Re. Nankana Sahib-In your communiques and In the press
lay great emphasis on the fact that the Judge in his order has
clearly appointed the Receiver for all lands pertainin~ to the
Gurdwara ! that not an Inch of that property Is entered In the name
of the Mahant in the revenue papers as his prlv.te property, that the
A.P'!. and Sudhar Committee is misleading the public by proclaiming
that the Receiver has been appointed only for the private property
ofthe Mahant ; that the Judge in his order has practically given his
opinion that the Sikhs have not got anything to do with the Gurdwara
and that it belongs to the Udasis; that the Sudhar Committee Is
again deceiving the public by saying that there Is no fear about the
Gurdwara, for the Judge 's remarks clearly show which way the wind
blows. Kindly Instruct the press to follow this line.
7. Kindly send us at once a copy of the letter of our Sajjan
which he wrote to Sardar Bahadur from D.D. in July 1923. This Is
badly wanted at once.
Further about this matter will be written on reeeipt of the
above.
302 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

187
Re. the constitution of the S. G. P. C. a copy in English Is
herewith sent.
(I) It is true. it does not provide for the representation of
the Udassis as they are non-amritdharis. This question has been
under consideration since a long time. The executive committee
had passed a resolution for amending the rules about a year and a half
ago, so as to give proper representation (0 the Udassis, as a special
case in consideration of their services to the panch and the
Gurdwaras.
(2) Re. the Namdharls. They are Amritdharis and already
enjoy the franchise. Their insistence on separate representation
is not well founded. Nlrmalas, Nlhangs, Sewapanthls and Nirankarls
who are also Amritdharis have gladly thrown In their lot with the
panth. They do get elected; and if election does not give them
satisfactory results. the defiCiency Is made up through co-option.
There is no reason why the Namdharis should not fare equally .well
If they avail themselves of the opportunities thus provided. So far,
they have generally refrained from participating in the elections.
In two cases In the elections of 1921 and 1923 Namdharls who stood
for a seat of one of their districts were elected alr ight. The S.G.P.C.
however. has been co-opting some Namdharis so as to keep the
number of their representation at 3 and these co-opted members
have been leaders of Namdharls. The population of Namdharls in
the last census Is below five thousand. while roughly speaking one
member of S.G. p.C. stands for about twelve thousands. So that . the
S.G.P.c. has been giving the Namdharls credit for a population for
about 36 thousand; that Is more than 7 t im es their strength.
Recognition of direct separate representation for Namdharis
would be a dangerous things. as it would be a precedent for
spliting up the Panth Into small camps; specially when the Namdharis
have so far been having no Interest In the service of the gurdawaras.
We would welcome a proposal which avoids the danger pointed out
and at the .. me time satisfies the Namdharis without creating
 SOME CONFIDENT IAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVE MENT 303

opposition in other quarters.

3. In Section IV we have suggested a provision for deciding
any possible Hindu-Sikh dispute about a public place of worship. As
an alternative to this suggestion , we are prepared to discuss any
forum of mutually acceptable arbitration , or any other proposal
which may be acceptable to the Hindus as well as to the Sikhs.

188
" D. O . Letter No. 770
Dated 30-8-1923
My dear Mr. Cralk,
I have taken no action about resuming Forest rights granted
.to the Namdharyee Sikhs by the Maharaja, so far . I have merely
enquired from them the authority on which they hold the forest.
As a matter of fact the fo r est was given to them by a verbal gift
on the proposal of the Maharaja and they hold no written deed
of gift or anything of that kind , I do not, however, Intend to
remove them for the present or Indeed at all provided they
refrain from bringing the Bir under cultivation. The matter Is
not at all urgent.

Yours Sincerely
C ,M,G. Ogilivle

H. D, Craik, I.C.S. ,
Governor's Camp,
Punjab .
 304 SOliE CONPIDENTIAL PAPERS OP THE! AKALI J1(OVEIoIENT

189

List of Akali Prisoners Confined in the Subsidiary Jail Bhatinda

and ordered to be released by the Maharaja of Patiata
Shamsher Singh slo Dh.ram Singh of Nagri (Sangrur)
2 Bhagwan Singh s/o Rur Singh of Longowal (Sunam)
3 Dlwan Singh slo Khem Singh of Gldrl. P. S P.yal .
.. Meha1!.Stngh s/o Prem Singh of Charnab. . P. S. Sun ....
S Kehar Singh sio Anokh Singh of j. ipur. P S. Pay.1
6 . Ch"anan Sll1gh s/o Hazur. Singh of jaipur. P. S. P.yal
7 . Sanr Singh 'slo ~ ishan Singh of Patlal.
I! ,. GIIJ~akh Singh-'iTo KahlaSlngh of Dalel Sing;' wala , P.S. H,n.,
"' ,- P-ikliii 'sl"ih :s...C? jawahir Singh. p. S. Dlrbha
10 Kahn SI.n-".s1b u,nknown. of P. S. Dlrbha
II Panjab ~~ik')/o Khazan Singh (Sangrur State)
12. Gurmukh Singh slo HI,. Singh of Nldampur. p, S. Bhawanlgarh
13 Hazur. Singh slo Harnam Singh of Mauran . P. S. Honu
14 Partap Singh slo Budh Singh. residence unknown
15 Prltam Singh slo Kishan Singh ofGaj.r
16 Gurmukh Singh s/o Gurdit Singh of Dlrbha. P,S, Dlrbho
17 Ama, Singh slo Lehna Singh of Bhawanlgarh
. 18 Kahl. Singh s/o Dhaba Singh of Gajumaj,a. P. S. Bhawanlgarh
19 jongl, Singh s/o unknown of Beguwal. P. S. Bhawanlgarh

190
ii' ';;lJ ~ lIl!lu-~-1l5<i u<ill! U'frtl Ijuilt! lIfi1H5 11'0 ,
~ ' Rtfue <:. ill)fTl{ll.lilQ'l itt! ;jj >iiilJ,3'RlJ R R3ll'1l '11!=?=? i 3'aille?it~J.
'i,~ ' (flo i lI':ilI ii ilii'O' u~ I lJlR3 W'ilH' ulllJ'lJl@ 3 ~'I! iu
~~~. f.w~ i
tfij'i ~R f't!O lifilB "'Ql5~ i iN' i -acr l ,jj~lJ' .
: ;Ir,a.':' lI' >iilJ .ta lJ'R3 H' aCfl'i1 i{Cl~ CflJ elllf' fupw q. I UII (flo cr'
' ~~ >iilJ IIfui ~lJ<1l)fra' jI,: CII~'I ~R i ~ era litll'a ~~ ~.~R
i >m '~RlJ1 ~~l)f'lJ" lI' ~R ~ui are I ~ ~ CflJ if1ll'a u~ 3
lIfim ~~lIt~ ~ II'R ear ii;;ro H' tiI<:'i'i
., ;j lJ\J' lI' ;:u; ~ I ~:sl -elJ
r

Maol.n. Klf.yacull.h's statement r.garding Guru k. bagh, September 10, 1911

(No. 190. pp, 304-07

l
<rJi oiila iii! Q'lI1l1 ii' fea~ a111 "3 H~ ~"" f~ 1>I'il "ii1;:;U ;1
fe" R~i: iia iilI5 ilwa Il l lffl QiJI uqil fill"", i!!~f'iI' II" iJTt!iI ;j aa
I>I1i w.n ~ 8a'51'>1' alti; a il'l; ~ ~le f3"1'iI ;j fOT'>f' ii, <lH
?; ~ orllJll fa fe>! )jfji!<! ;i li1 1>/'lI(!!ll>f,ij- ii ~II 8' 1 filII 91til~
~ ill-{ <i iii!'lu;i fea Ha'" a1 i:3 l./O fsow ..l'>f' fi1ll <i iii!113 f;;ro
!RIfe; fqljf!H3 ami 5::1' t;r 1 illl (oi) ~R &3 l.Iil' 'I' iii! ~ -el w
til OIiTJ1li1
- f" iI'iI '>fle>!lij' a' e-of mil iIltffilJ!101
-.. - - ..1 3'i)i: it fell 1;1'<l1

a1 ij"", '1'3' il'>f' Il'Hi ",'fellf' I fim HiI'i') ..1 i:3 l./O ilH ms Ii Ill
. -
it ,,1~ iii!lq ill R fum lim ~ ii 3<ill3n ~R <it UuiW3 f""3alft
l./O ;o'f'!l)j' al :

...
~
~~
.~

.
~

filii ;oa3 frim 8.l1 ~R Ii a'lI l./O u'!-;I t!iJI Ii lR ifj fRU'iJ1 lcl a
- ii iliI:il s- ..1 3'i)"i1 tI'i Ii (h;;j-
3 @o;i- - aa' I f,"" 501 f1wr1t>3 ",He;
U;Rw :rah ii ",r,;i lr:Jii qr iill;;! iii13 13 >iii! fIlur;Jl ~" li m Q 1
iia1i ~~ (H') ~ ~ilUlo >iia 31" i1'i1 fRU'iJl ffi'IR3'?ll ii 1 'a(f41e;
lH6lliI ift l,i3'lflOol 1j3 # ~ 1;I3'fe'>f1 fa '"" fHl'Ril sll:1 ii' >iii!
fRlJr.ilIlj' al ~ liia !lim ii ~H 53' qr fa ~ f1'l8"' f~H riia
- 11 iii!S-1'IQ'a
@ll - - ;i Wlffif10 . -
fRU'iJl if 1 " ea lIa3l3' W>R5lI1tl'ilH3
ft 1;11';;1 fum lii!! ilif ~R I'I1IR li ii Ilfr,;i anr "iI'il3' W Il'He'il 5'ol!r
Ii ii (7... it;:rrij'- ~ 11')< u"li ~ aliB fell 3'i)1 S3iJIaT oa' @ ii
- .
lll!Ell.n ll!! ~I!!J(( ~ 2~ en !aaj gtt!:! UltEj'" I!aj I ,Ill!! ,illQaJ ,I?
g!!:B !?<'" Ill'< L2 Il~J ,BEIlH ~ I?~ ~ .Ill!! ~ Ha Il~ l!!:~ I?j !Ii
!!.I!tj al!I?H ,12 I!I!.j '~L2~ ,2 .\'" I?j Ultll? ~,2H !:! .Ild'!ilj g I!~ .eJ.QH
~~~ 12.1 ,llE ,a,llaj Ill? Ult I!,n g . gll<l2~~ Ill'< gIeJ Ile,~ IlUi
lSU1!!1 l!,B I di EB.a.eB !ajB'l?& l. ,lhE!2 .E I!aJ ~l!a Ig 2L1!2~ diE
-!aHl!al! I?~ 12.1 la EClEllBaJ Bal? l!aj ~~ Ig lHl? ai!.alB 2ll!H I g lale
ll? ~ l!:111 lhH &Ill! Ig /?B,I! .EBl!2jB full< I?J UltaJIe Ultaj'.EB l. ~j
~ I ~ g.H1ll!: Hl!,.BE Ilh J!l& I!l?j !:! ~tt l2lBlli!t 1lll!2-!.l- Ill'< EE1,aeB
EJa~ ll!! ~li/.,I!!J(( J..I!I. LIla&a 1i2I'''' ~~ Ej H:iutt ~L~2 I !.l- ili g.HIll!:
HI!,l!.E J.l!:.a l!lB G HEUi ,I? BLJ!CJE Ill'< .EJI<l2Ll:l2aJ !:!- en La,a.e..1? lIaJ
L2La 1l2l1H) I?J ~) E,B BI!!'" LllI!a I ilJl! eLi/. '2~ Ill? g g LHRl! Ill!<
La,~ IlUi atl! Ig tat'll-2HII< EaJ,~j Ill'< ''''LI? ~l~ l. .a,llaJ ,Ii! LEIU!

I..I!! HIIE) I.I!I?J g ~g2~ 2Ej~ tiLe 2.El! llaEI?,E ~J l!lB ~tt ~~J I?J
g ~j ~~ tl Ill?l!J !ajB'l? .a,~ I?J ElB !;.! ~tt gllil! HUl.E I!aJ
I 'II<~ gH'1I g~ 1l1'!J1 ,21I1<B.1l:!j~
HtHE ~J IIL1! Ig ~~E Ili!< {a,II< ~g.Hl! 2lE gH,1! g~ I Ultl!
I?~ l~ L. 11,11 ~ l!aj I L.a.II< LI!! ~~LHa,,,, 1l,1! E,Hl! lllila ? ~Ie
eli/. L2~ Ill? g EI?,E-& d!l ag!.l- LHa"" ~g'l! !?- E.HI! l!aj Bl
I ~ ?U> ~ L2~
IlE a..a en ~ ~f!2~ 1l"'12~M ? 113 lE~jll ~l~2 El?&.E LI? g.2~
~tt 2~ Bt! I ~ g2~ I!l:!J tI gllIej Il~J '~g~ Il~J Ill!< !.l- Ill1'J @'.
~I!J I tI Ill? L~,nI!J !?-!l~ ,i!.e: I!I!.J!.l- gi1.~ Ll!a !:! lalla!.l- "IlE
Ll!aj Ill!< tI g.IlIeJ ~ ,~j!:! ~~.n ~,,,, L. L2lB l!.2I!HJ I !.l- g ,Ba !1
Il~ Ill? ~ 2B .en &ltl L.E Ill.'< .en 2.a1lIe LeE .el!< tI glhH Ill?g !1
28 ~"" LeE L.I? a,B Ig g.IlIeJ Ill.'< tI g~ ,IlIeJ IlE EEn IlHI? E,Ei!<
,tIB Le.nl!j I ,II ,E~ e,H "gE LI!~ I!l:!j Ill!< lB ,.Ell/? aJiE ,I!! gi;B ~,II<
I!l:!J ~ 12J ~I!j ea~ g ~,a IlIeH I ,.e.1!J:I.1! ,I? Ltll?j 'll!lE1!.' LI? llll?J
'lIlLE..t! g lHJI:1!. I'I!'" ll? ll!!>j I lB .EIe!a gl:!jB 2111ll!< ,Eu> g HJI:.E! l~
~tt lB.EIlH Li1.l:!jn EtI!!!,< ,liB Ill'< III ~ 'en g.1!J:I.1! ~ llll?J en 12,1! ll?
llll?J 'Iln l2lE1!.' l12 LIlI?J 'en gltl !?- lllEJ HlE1 ~ en~ ll? ~l21!a I?J
J.N3W3AOW nv}!v 3HJ..3:0 S1!3dVd 'IVlJ.N3GBNO:l ill\IOS 90
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL P APERS OF THE AKAL I MOVEME NT 307

>ifa fl!l!f3lf5'8" >ifa <!~f3 i'llill' crr ~cr lIftitlil lIfR<J ':!"'. >if<J ii' % !o~
";Jll;!lil'lICIlf't! -el I
(t!Rl:IO) l;!<i1R f~ret8"'
fum IlPlrro H8W ~~r i5 lIf'lW
;rom<J cr;rnr >ii<J ~I'I3 allffiH mllf' I
(~) l;!<i1R acrl
191
From
Professor Ruchl Ram Sahnl, M.A ,
Rattlgon Road, Lahore.
To
A. W. Mercer Esquire,
Deputy Inspector General of Police.
Central Range, Amrltsar.
Lahore, 25th September, 1922.
Sir,
I received your letter of the 18th instant In due course ,
but as I had to leave Lahore for a couple of days immediately after,
I am sorry I could not reply to it earlier. .
I have said all that I know about the robbing by the police
on the 4th Instant, near the Chhina bridge, In two communications
to the 'Tribune'. I had a list of certain persons who were among
those said to have been robbed in the fi elds of their valuables and
ornaments as well as cash. Th is list was given to me by S. Amar
Singh , Editor of the Loyal Gazette. I had kept this list with me
for about ten days and then handed It over to an Assistant Editor
of the Band. Matram. I phoned the gentleman twice yesterday
but he seems to be out of station. I believe you can obtain the
list from S. Amar Singh.
I cannot understand what purpose our statements can serve
to anyone considering that hundreds of men were being chased far
into the fields and robbed In broad day light and that an appeal
made to the Superintendent of Police proved as fruitless as one to
 3~8 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PA PERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

the Tehslldar both of whom were present and were watthing the
whole th ing As I have said in the Tribune, I myself pointed out
a particular horseman to Mr. Belty and requested him to have the
mlO searched for a white sheet whlth he h,l d taken off the person
of an onlooker who had been chased into the fields and which he
had tied round his waste under his toat. Not only did Mr. Beaty
pay no attention to my reCjuest, but he threat~ned me with the
remark. You are not an investigating officer, go and report to the
Thana and see the result." A similar request made by Mr. Sundram,
B A. , LL.B. (Assist.nt Editor of the Independent of Allahabad), to 'he
Naib Tehslldar abou, ano,her man who also had been busy
robbing people In 'he fields me' with no better success. If these
two officers of government deny our statements we know what to
think of them whatever the Government may say to the contr.ry.
On the other hand , if they speak the truth, you will not stand in need
of any further enquiry. .
Yours faithfully,
R. R. SAHNI
192
/\
'1~ Iil ii11f;}<!!~ ;11 a1 <:3;} ij I

Rangoon
2861934
My dear Sardar Sahib,
You will receive this letter of mine after you will have read
that I have permanently and completely retired from all Panthic
activities and that I shall not resume them at any future time unless
some special need for me Is felt by the Panth. Moreover, for some
months, I shall live at some remote place unknown to my friends
and relatives. The object is that I should hear no reasons of friends
and no taunts of opponents.
At this parting I remember you not only as a friend but also
as a patron who was so kind to me when I was a student. No doubt
 Maner Tara Singh to Sir Sunder Singh Majlch!.
Jun~, 18, 19H.

r ~r',,>!,-: $ if ~'" ~ ..
~.
,. 1.~ l ,t'H
~'1 u,..", .J>-..o_ J"~..
..
:::u.~ 1C..:. A..-., "i ............ ~.J-.
r~

...:;;:;;..w "'--, ____ s ......... t JIv--" .,

G~ 1 '."~ r --.
" ~ r- .. ~ ........ ","",,,
Il::..#v....~ _of ___ ~
o.J- "-J j or
" ~ _ -t._ _ _

<>j.M;.:J ~ l' . --- - t-" ~

~
3"...
,.....,..,.,A ,..If" I "
""'-< ~.... _',.(-.-Q
, ..'" I".. '
'--
~~ ~ ~ . "I.
~ t*. _ ",. ...

/;, "'Ii ~'::~ ~ _l..t:= "". ~

~ ... "-c,,,. f~ ' - -
."" '"'-~ ...... 7 6--......--:r-J 0{ -~
D~~""~'
..., i...:., .. Co,
,J ..., . ( lI-- _., --7 .... t-::::!
I,.... -<.-.. _ _ ,...... -t;, ........... ~ ......t"'"'" ~ ..........
.... I- '3'" ......., ~~,-",-J _ ..
...c Q ,A ~ -a J -0- .hi ~-
 ~,

.av "'-
...... .....,...,.,.. 4 .............,.4- """ (,.)
,c.J "--.", ~
",-,-~. ~ ~ ~,.,~
...... ~ l."1>4 ~~. J . . ;4...... ~<t..&..,..
t;;,. .........<. ~ .; ik< J. . .~
~~.., ~-- ~~ ~~
.,. . ...... - . . . . "" ~..a-t= ...t-..!,. ~t.
.---....- - ' - - - ~ .,..f.
r..---.or..~
~ .. ,

r' ~ .. ---w
. '-""
t..-.._-"C.~ ~~ ~ .~
I.,.

~ ~~ .. . .~ r <- , ~ J J.-,.4,.L...A.&.)
It.-,.~ ~_"t~

J_~..... ~J .- ~.
\.~ _ _~.
... --fC
~~ ..(, . . . .
:.,.. ....-- ....
I'-<-'l:.~ I .... +-. ".4(;..-"'4 .<-1'''--''
~ .-..-... __ .It;.-..I.-l ~ -~ ~ i.- ~ft.....
.)...,. ",,-,, ~ J--..::o
.. .-- .4__ 'Il "'~./~-C

.1
.Q,,..( .. ; ' " .. I ...
......-J
~
. . . _,.cJ.,._ ... . . . . ._" .
~
....y, iii- #- ,l
~
 ... , .......
~- '.

~ .;- "-,
.. 4 .. .,.~~ ~ I-....r
""" "fo.-
~..t "_)"'--

7 --......-.

,
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF T HE AKAL! MOVEMENT 309

1 fell out with you occasionally. but your regard never diminished
In my heart . I have a great regard for your qualitIes and love for
your loving heart.
But I feel much remorse to remember that I wrote so mething
about you which I should not have written . I remember two such
things . One I corrected Immediately afterwards and the other
remains uncorrected. But this which remains uncorrected shollid not
be corrected . for correction itsel f is its repetition. The fact Is
that I published this without knowing what it means. I understood
It after it was published . An editor of a dally newspaper is over-
wor ked and he is apt to make such mistakes when some clever
correspondent puts something cleverly. I am much ashamed for .
comm itting such a folly and I never dared to ask your pardon. But
my heart hlS always been heavy. I am sure you are too magnanimous
to remember su, h things. but to lighten my heart at this parting
when I am turning a new leaf in my life, I beg you on bent knee.
to excuse me .
I am not giving you my address. So you cannot reply but I
presume that you will forg ive me even though you do not know
what it Is that you ar e forgiving . With faith In the greatness of
your heart, I lighten my heart.

Yours Sincerely
Tar. Singh

Sardar Sunder Singh ji Maj ithio ,

Amritsar.
 311

ERRATA
Page Line
17 2S Read Sardar for Sarbar
18 28 1923 1963
19 17 Imam Imama
23 5 it It
24 10 Delete to after keep
28 Letter No. 16 Should be dated 7.1.24
29 22 Read but for dut
30 28 these there
31 2 While while
33 l etter No. 17 should be dated 8.1. 24
34 14 Read beatings for beotings
16 diseases deseases
45 27 minimum m1nimus
48 20
29 ! trictest stricest
49 12 entirety encirity
19 submission sub-mission
orders order
31 prolongatio n prolongation
54 17 understand understand
far for
20 officials officiels
22 opponents apponents
26 It It
55 9 latter letter
56 6 Swarajya Swrajya
25 you to
26 our your
58 12 Add after Gldwanl
15 Read Malavlyaji for Malvyajl
61 fast Malavlyaji MalvyaJI
312 SOME CONF I llE~TJAL PAPERS OF lHE AJ(ALI MOVEMENT

. . 26
"
33 .,
for in to
82 25 Read inco
~5 22 Chanda for Chand
Add after Sewak
97 17 Read have for heve
~7 26 paths path
99 15 afterwards after words
100 21 laid Laid
101 7 their there
20 later latter
103 private private
10 .. .
33
along aloeg
II two to
17 their there
11 also aiso
22 their there
 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT '913

Page Line
24 the.lr there
25 their there
27 their there
105 IS Rtad gist for list
107 10 Add full stop after there
109 16 Read because fOT becauce
110 110 011 (pa,e)
110 last banhen lmahen
III I cause ~U$es

28 Oliver olivet
112 18 I.e., I....
113 20 tonight to night
115 4 things, things.
118 2 Readln, readln,
119 6 their there
122 22 Indian Indian
123 29 I i
124 14 there their
126 9 SGPC SGPS
129 3 direction . direction.
14 in In
132 14 mm"" wlRl
141 I prlncl.ple principal
2 principle principal
5 iJ183 il'03
144 18 funds. funds
146 22 include Includ.
147 22 His his
152 23 though thou,ht
153 4 procedure proceedur.
154 3 Includ. includ
157 6 Beazley Seazlay
158 12 there their
314 SOME CONFIDENTIAL PAPERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

Page Line
161 24 it It
163 2 sacrifice sacr ific
164 33 advice advise
171 25 Believing Beleiving
173 17 ~q ><a
182 12 was waa
184 II facilities faclities
21 fought tought
191 5 Read. Jalto for jalto
196 6 to so
198 25 If If
199 28 otf_ l1IFilll'
200

207
17
26
2
iW'
f.lii
accept
'"'
fiiil
eccept
210 24 ImII
217 "'~
3 re minded rem lneded
5 acknowledged ancknowledge d
226 31 affect affact
227 28 inquiry Inpuiry
234 24 fuiI fn>1
139 10 ~ i~
250 18 psychological moment psychologimoment
252 6 ~ 3fu<iIa
272 20 i1fa'ka <iifaJ~
280 26 ~~ ..'<full
283 Delete <Ja'far.l after .ii ~
292 25 Shag Bagh
302 34 thing things
 ~Oh(E (OI'FIDE 1'11AL FA I E liS CF 1 hE JlK All l<CVE ME I'T ,15

INDEX
A
Abdul Hamid , 224 Basaw. Singh, 13, 15
Abdul Majid Khan, 15, 17 Basheshar Singh, 217
Achhar Singh. 13 Batan Singh, Giani, 32
Ajmal Khan, 296 Beazley, J- G_, 156-57
Akalis, 166 Bhag Singh, 138, 163, 165, 197.
Akal Takhat, 10,210 276, 292
Ali Brothers. 58 Bhagat Ram, 116, 247, 261,269
Ali Imam, 19-20, 216 Bhagat Singh, 32, 204
Am .. Singh, 13,32. 154, 199,209 Bhagwan Singh, 33
237, 280, 282, 298 Bhal Pheru, 214, 291
Amrik Singh, 31 Bhupend ra Singh (Maharaja of
Amrftsar J throughout Patiala) . 215
Anand Kishore Mehta , 3 Bljla Singh, 181-82, 188
Andrews, c.F., 58, 120, 122 Birdwood, Sir William, 7e-77, 79.
Arbel Singh, 222-23 84, 86,88, 91 , 100, 102, 117122
Arjan Singh, 79, lOS , 106, 121, --Committee, 69-78, 85, 87
132-34, ISO, 157, 159, 170, 172- 100-03, 129, 275
73,213,234,276, 295 --Negot iations, 118, 123, 128
Arjun Dev, Guru, 36 Blshan Singh, 159
Asaf Ali, 123, 125-26 Boota Singh , 137, 159
Assa Singh, 31
Autar Singh, 31,213 C
Cavasselur, 5.5., 177, 209
B Chanan Singh, 31
Baba At.I, 10 Chanda Singh, 95
Bachan Singh, 42-43 Chatopadhyay, 106-08, 112-14, 125
Bahadur Singh, 154 Congress, Indian National, 122
Bakhshish Singh, 9, 139, 187 Craik, H.D. , 18,71,75-77. 83 , 86,
Bakhtawar Singh, 137 88,90-91 , 98, 101 , 149, lSI ,
Bal Singh, 138 156, 248
Balwant Singh, 32, 222 Crump, l.M ., I
Banta Singh, 13 Cunnighum, 153
 J IG S O~I E C J )lFIOENTlAL PA PERS OF THE AKAU MOV E MENT

Charan Singh , 205 Fazal-i-Hussain, 288

Cha ran Singh Shahld , 5.5 .. 178
G
D Gane,ha Singh, 13
D.D. Fri end (Dehra Du n. (M aha- Gandh i, M.K. (Mahatma), I I, 52-
raja of Nlb h, ), 295, 298,30 1 56, 117,120, 250, 264, 266, 278
Dallp Singh, 12, IS, 138 Ganga Ram , 212
- -of Man. Talw.ndl, 13 Gian Singh, 31 - 32
Dan Singh. 139,2'" Gldwanl, 58
D.,wandh. Singh, 154 Golden t emple, 10
Datu Ram, 41 Gopal, 8
Daulat Singh , 79, 91,98, lOS , 112, Gopal Singh , 79, lOS, 133, 139,
123-21, 132, 135, 159, 171-72, 170-71
207, 234 --Quami, 139
Day. Kl,han Kaul, 95-96, 116, 175 Grady, 22
Deedar Singh , 105-06, I IS, 174, Gulab Singh, 299
271 Gulzara Singh, 12
Dass, De, hb andhu C.R., 121-22 Gurbaksh Singh , 32 , 128, 133 ,
Dhanna Singh, 261 138, ISS, 17 1,201-06,230 232,
Dharam Singh , 32, 159 238-39, 279
Dina Nath, 58 Gurbax Singh, 135, 147, 159
Dhira Singh, 159 Gurcharan Singh, 142, 166-67
Diwan Singh, 32 Gurdarsan Singh , 292
Dhunna Singh, 32 Gurdlal Singh , 32
Durga Das, 14, 17 Gurd it Singh, 138, 209, 243
Gurdwara Act, 166, 287. 88
E
Guru ka Bagh Mo rch., 296-97
Emerson, H.W. , 134, 136-37, I....
146,147-48, ISO-51 H
Halley , Sir Malcolm I 12, I 18, 122-
F
24, 129, 174, 189, 202 , 300
Fargue, De La, 145 Harban , Singh, 79, 151, 159, 199
Fatehgarh Sah ib, 138 - , -SlStani, 159, 171
Fauja Singh , 32 Harchand Singh , 1 I, 159, 171
 SOME CONFIDENT IAL PAPERS OF THEAKALl MOVEME NT 317

--of Lyalpur, 3, 135, 137, 177 75, 282-84

Hardit Singh , 13, 15
Hari Singh, 12, 138
Harklshan Singh, Bawa, 69, 75-76,
138, I 73-H, 221-24, 227-28
Harnam Singh, 32
- - Kadlrwala,32
- .-.. P. Sub. , 32
Hazara Singh, 159, 170-71
Hira Singh, 33, 159, 252
Hukam Singh, 31, 15~,
I 300
Indar Singh, 32 , 225-26
Inder Singh, 3i
Ishar Singh, 267
J Khushal Singh , 279
Jagan Nath Sehgal, 3
Jagat Singh , 32, 183
--Sodhl , 42
Jai Singh, 31-32
Jaito, 82, 160, 291, 295
Jassa Singh , 225
Jaswant Singh, 31. 133, 138, 194-95
Jawala Parsad , 160
Jawala Singh, 9, 31-32
Jawala Singh of Saldpur. 13
Jhanda Singh , 13,
Jinah. Mohamad Ali, 2~2
Jiwan Singh, 44, 186
Joglndra Singh , 32, 106-07, 121,
131-32, 13~, 244, 248-49, 253,
255-56, 258, 266, 268, 272, 274-
Jodh Singh, Bhal, 20-30, 70-71,
75,77,81 , 83, 87, 90-91 , 100-
04, 132, 135-37, 145-51 , 154-
56, 159, 168, 171,261 ,268
Jora Singh, 41-42, 299
Joshi , 5hrl Krishna, 6-7
K
Kahan Singh, Bhai, 9, 17
Karam Singh. 33
Kartar Singh, 31. 224, 254, 267,
Kashmira Singh . 269
Kehar Singh, 270
Khalsa COllege, 177, 184, 281
Kharak Singh (Baba), Ii , 213
Kishan Singh, i3, 15,32. 133, i39,
182-83, 188, 227-28
- - Constable, 42-43
Kitchlew, Dr., 58
L
Labh Singh, 13
--of Kesarpur, 13
Lachhman Singh , 79, 105
Lakha Singh, 31
Lakhmlr Singh, 187
Lal Chand Falak, -4
Lal Singh, 202
Langley, 160
Lehna Singh, 32
Liaqat Hayat Khan, 189, 192
 S18 SOME CONFlDl,NTIAL PAPERS OF TifF: AKALI MOV E ME NT
M ,
Macauliffe, 153
Maclagan, Sir Edward . 82 , 178.
2048
Mahinder Singh, 3, 137,159,197-
98,200,210,213,220.12
Mahmud Ali . 41
Malavlya, Madan Mohan , 58, 61.
116. 123. 242 . 244,24849, 269,
273,279. 296.299-301
Man Singh . 32. 216, 768. 170
Mangal Singh. 79. 83, 98, 105,
120-22, 124. 127, 135-36, 147.
ISS, 159, 166,16972.196, 199.
203, 250. 252, 258, 260-61 ,
26566, 270. 273, 278. 280. 283,
785-86, 292, 296, 298, 300
- - Kooka . 3
Mastan Singh, 233
Maynard, Sir John . 21112, 248
Mehar Singh, 230
Mehtab Singh . 14, 32,69, 75 76. I
82.93,95,100, 103,114-15.133. ,
138. 154. 16263. 172, 196, 202, '
206. 209. 215,21923 , 225-26
285-86, 288, 292
Mllkha Singh . 12. 296
Minchin (Colonel). 2024,27, 41.
75-77, 86
Missionary College, 294
Mit Singh , 13, 139
Mohammad Hussain. 8
Mohammad Sh.fIi. 1'18
Mohan Singh Vald , 33
Mohtnder Singh , IS, 90. ISS
Mohru . 8
Mool Singh , 32
Mota Singh. 177,18083. 188
Moti Lal Nehru . 6061 , 120.
122-27
Mubarak Rai, 15 17
Mukerjee, Harl N.th , 3
Mul Singh . 170-71
Musa Singh. 13
N
Nabh., Maharaja of N.bha
(Ripudaman Singh). 70, 109-
16, 181
- -Agitation , abandonment of,
n
Nahar Singh, 228. 234
Nanak Dey, Guru, 66
Nanak Singh, 138
Nankan. Sahib Affair, 296, 97,301
--Massacre , 152
- - Tragedy, 179, 277
Nand Singh, 12, 205,264
Narain Singh, 4143 , 6970, 75.
81,83, 86 . 8889, 91 , 95 .96,
IOl.03 , 106, 131, 133, 13536,
138, 147, ISS, 159, 171 , 254
Naranjan Singh, 31 , 79
Narinder Nath , Raja , 249 , 25 I,
259
Narsinga Rao, I, 173
 SOME CONF IDENTIAl. PAPERS OF THE AKALl MOVEMENT JI~

Natha Singh , 42 Pyar. Singh, 223

. Nathu Ram, 40
Nehru (Motl L.I) 58, 279, 299-
301
Nihal Singh, 4, 245
Nika Singh, 42
Nlranjan Singh, 37, 39-40, 228,
234
Nlrm.1 Singh, 32
Nasir-ud-Din, 227
o Ranblr Singh , 32, 106
O ' Dwyer, Michael , 175
Ogilv ie , 18, 161
Oliver, 118
Onkarnand , 58
p Reading, Lord. 28, 118
Pandit Malavly., Madan Mohan,
283-84, 296 See Malaviya
Pan ikkar, K. M., lOS, I II , 113,
117, 120-24, 127, 172
Partap Singh. 32, 79, 135. 137 ,
155,159. 170 , 186.267
Patlala and Akali Movement. 175
Patiala . Maharaja. 177. 188
Peel, Lord, 117-18
Petman, 157. 159
Piara Singh, 138
Pindi D.ss. 4
Prem Singh, 106-07
Prit3m Singh, 12, 15
Prithipal Singh , 276
Puckle. 136-37, 148.151 , 172
Purtap Singh. 12
R
Rafiq M. Khan , 220-21
Raghublr Singh , 258
Ral Singh, 139, 142
Ra)a Singh , 32,79.83, 98, 105-17,
123. 129, 132. 172, 237
Ram Singh. 138, 161, 183,215
Ran Singh. 233
Randhir Singh, 2li6
Ran)lt Singh , 176
Ran)odh Singh , 139, 230-32
Rao, 20-21
Ratan Singh, 32
Ripudaman Singh. Maharaja of
Nabha), 24, 74, 175-77
Rowlett Bill , 188
Ruehl Ram Sahni, 131, 308
Rur Singh, 143
S
Sadhu Singh. 33 , 267
Sahib Devan. Mala . 36
Sahib Singh. 31
Sangat Smgh, 137
Santanam, 58
Santa Singh, 183, 187
Sant (Didar Singh). 271
Sant Singh , 142
Sarmukh Singh. 139
Sarup Singh, 32. 275
Satya Dev.. 1
 320 SO~E CO>ll'IDENTIAL PAP ERS OF THE AKALI MOVEMENT

Sehgal. Jagan Nath, 3 TeJa Singh . 32, 69, 75-76, 116.

- - Kldar Nath, ~
Sen , 20
Sewaram Singh, 15~
Sew. Singh, 44, 139
Shadi Ram, 42
Shankracharya, 61
Sh.rdhanand (Swami), 58, 296
Sher Singh, 31, 138, 209
Sherwani, 125-26
Shiromani Akall 0.1, 193
Shivdev Singh, 8-9
Soh,n Singh Chet,npuri, 1~2
--Shelkhupura, 31
Stuart, 19, 25-26
Sucha Singh, 33
Sudagar Singh, 31
SuJan Singh, Master, 31
Sunder Singh, 98, 280
- - Batala, 33
--Ghu~an, 31
- -Majithia, 176, 184,270, 284, 309,
--Nareka, 31
- -Ramgarhia, 10
--Rasaladar, 131 , 163-292
Surain Singh, 268
T Waryam Singh, 31
Tara Singh , H , 135-36, 147, 150,
155-59. 170-72, 198, 242, 149
- - Master, 139, 173 . 245.309
Taran Tarn . 10. 18
Taru Singh, Bhai, 1'56
Tegh Bahadur, Guru 36
138, 142 . 202, 208-09, 237 ,
')89-90
- -Bhuchar, 180-81 , 277
- - Chuharkana, 139, 144
- - Ghawlnd, 138
- - Professor, 207
"I ; ' -- Samundrl , 13B, 167-70, 172,
!.', 114, 197, 271,286
Thakar Singh, 12, is, 21
- - Namana, 12, IS
Thaman Singh , 13
Thompson. 21
Tipper Chand, 7, 26
Tripat Singh. 139
u
Udham Singh, 13
UjJal Singh, 121, 253-54
Uttam ~Ingh, 261
I v
' Varyam Singh, 194
Verma, Salig Ram, 7
Vlshvan.nd, 58
W
Wazlr Singh, ~3
Wilson, .oil , ~3
z
Zalar All, 3
Zia-ul-Haq , ~