THE BRAIN

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and
most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs
for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human,
the cerebral cortex contains approximately 1533 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to
several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long
protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to
distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.

Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other
organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle
activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control
allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of
responsiveness such as reflexes can be mediated by the spinal cord or peripheral ganglia, but
sophisticated purposeful control of behavior based on complex sensory input requires the
information integrating capabilities of a centralized brain.

Here is a list of some of the most important brain components, along with a brief
description of their functions as currently understood:

a. The cerebrum is the biggest part of the human brain also called the name in Cerebral Cortex,
the forebrain or brain home. The cerebrum is the part of the brain distinguishes with human
Beast. Humans have the ability make cerebrum thinking, analysis, logic, language,
awareness, planning, memory and visual abilities.

b. Small brain or cerebellum is located at the back of the head, near the tip of the upper neck.
The cerebellum controls many automatic functions of the brain, such as: set the attitude or
posture, balance control, muscle coordination and body movement. Cerebellum also store
and execute a series of automatic movements learned as driving movement, hand gestures
while writing, lock the door and forth movement.
c. The medulla, along with the spinal cord, contains many small nuclei involved in a wide
variety of sensory and involuntary motor functions such as vomiting, heart rate and
digestive processes.

d. The pons lies in the brainstem directly above the medulla. Among other things, it contains
nuclei that control often voluntary but simple acts such as sleep, respiration, swallowing,
bladder function, equilibrium, eye movement, facial expressions, and posture.

e. The hypothalamus is a small region at the base of the forebrain, whose complexity and
importance belies its size. It is composed of numerous small nuclei, each with distinct
connections and neurochemistry. The hypothalamus is engaged in additional involuntary or
partially voluntary acts such as sleep and wake cycles, eating and drinking, and the release
of some hormones.

A disease that can occur in the brain

a. Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's is a disease that was originally a decline in a person's memory, loss of

intellectual drastically, difficulty to talk and not be able to analyze a peritiwa was facing.

b. Parkinson

Parkinson is initially characterized by body started to sway and unable to stand or walk
normally, body trembling and hands kept moving, the condition is an indication that the
brain had decreased dopamine as much as 80 percent more.

c. Meningitis

Who suffered severe brain inflammation due to irritants can cause damage to the
protective membrane of the nervous system or the central nervous on the inside of the brain.
Meningitis is a delicate membranes that merlapisi the brain and spinal cord function so that
the brain stay healthy. If the membrane to bacteria and viruses will arise inflammation that
 causes illness meningitis. Meningitis is the kind of disease that attacks the brain most
attacking humans.

d. Brain cancer

Their activity in the brain cells experiencing abnormal growth as a result of free radical
attack Diman these cells into cancer cells that trigger brain cancer

e. Brain tumors

Tumor is a piece of soft meat that bersifta benign but if the growth will result in larger
sizes. Tumors that grow in the brain tissue, potentially causing blockage of blood vessels
and if it does not get immediate medical treatment secar then someone with a brain tumor
that could become malignant.

f. Dementia

Dementia or a decline in brain function that begins with a unique phenomenon that
causes a person often delusional, often daydreaming, lost or suffered a sudden panic. The
condition is caused by brain damage that occurs in some parts of the brain, for example the
cerebrum, midbrain and cerebellum.

g. Stess weight

Stress is a disease of the mood swings that affect the nerves in the head become tense,
stiff and contorted. This condition can cause a person to disease tremendous head that come
and arise suddenly.

h. Brain temporarily paralyzed

Types of diseases that attack the brain of the most frequent and common human
experience is temporary cerebral palsy that causes a person to lose his ability to control his
body movements. This is because the nerves in the brain nerve injury large, ulcers and
inflammation due to concussion.
i. Skizofenia

Skizofenia is a disease caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain cells where a

person suffers from the difficulty to distinguish between real and unreal and always
hallucinating.

j. Eilepsi

Epilepsi is a disease associated with an imbalance of the brain's electrical signals and
slow response to trigger seizures seizures and decreased self kesadarn. This is karen asaraf
brain nerve disrupted.

k. Vertigo

Vertigo is a disease of the head that one feels like being a circuitous route. The condition
causes the body's balance becomes impaired that make a person difficult to concentrate in
activities and have difficulty when walking.