IAETSD Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 1, Jan-June /2017

ISSN (Online): 2394-8442

A Balanced Energy Consumption Analysis for Underwater Sensor

Nodes
M.Monisha1, V.Venkatesa Kumar2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
1 P.G. Scholar, 2 - Assistant Professors, Anna University Regional Campus Coimbatore, Coimbatore 641 046, INDIA.
moni.munivel@outlook.com,mail2venkatesa@gmail.com

ABSTRACT.
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) is one of the emerging technologies. Nowadays, it is more
useful to monitor the watery bodies and underwater environment. Energy is one of the main issues in Underwater
Wireless Sensor Nodes. Depends on the energy of each node in the network, the transmission rate varies. The nodes in
the underwater networks had limited energy so it had to monitor the nodes effectively. In this work, the E-GEDAR
protocol is used to analyze the data transmission rates and energy consumption as well as the efficiently. Simulation
results show the significant improvement in the above parameters when compared with GEDAR protocol.

Keywords: Underwater, Energy Consumption, Data Transmission rate, Routing.

1. INTRODUCTION
Almost, the earth is covered 70% of water. To explore the world below the water, the UWSNs arises [2]. The UWSNs gained more popularity in
research demanding many oceanic applications since the people had worked more on land [1] [2] [9]. It is not suitable for humans because of its high
pressure and harsh environment in deep ocean region. The UWSNs consist of two nodes, namely, the sink(s) node and the acoustic sensor node. The
deployment of sensor nodes inside the water is deployed randomly due to the dynamic environment of the water. Nodes are not replaceable and
rechargeable after deployment since they had limited batteries [2].

The data transmission can be done in two ways from the source to the destination ie., the direct method and multi-hop transmission method. This
decreases the number of transmissions and the interference in the network. The energy grade falls due to relay of data from the higher depth nodes to
die quickly because of unbalanced energy in low depth nodes [1] [7]. If the sink present in the transmission range, the node can send the data [2]. The
energy of each node is respect to its network lifetime and increases the stability [1]. The rest of the paper is organized as follows, Section 2
summarizes the principle issues with the parameters. In Section 3, the explanation about the routing protocol. The performance is evaluated in
Section 4. Finally, Section 5 describes the conclusion and future works.

2. PRINCIPAL ISSUES
From the research for past few years, the energy consumption control is one of the main problems in UWSNs [21]. To overcome this issue, many
protocols are evolving in this field due to the harsh behavior of underwater currents. Successful transmission had done by many protocols but unable
to continue the longer period transmission due to the limited lifetime of the networks [8].The major constraints faced in UWSNs are low noise ratio
transmission and high bandwidth. The nodes spend a lot of energy for link establishment between nodes for secure transaction [8].

To Cite This Article: M.Monisha AND V.Venkatesa Kumar,. A Balanced Energy Consumption Analysis
for Underwater Sensor Nodes. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 23-25
24. M.Monisha AND V.Venkatesa Kumar,. A Balanced Energy Consumption Analysis for Underwater Sensor Nodes.
Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 23-25

A. Energy Consumption:

In order to determine the energy needed to transfer the data packets between the sensor nodes needs to improve delivery rate [3] [5]. Threshold
distance is used to select the neighbor nodes to transmit the data packets effectively [6]. The total traffic is used to determine load balancing for both
direct transmission and hop by hop transmission [10]. To avoid the overhead, the nodes had to update frequently with its residual energy [12] [11]. If
the energy of the node reaches zero, it dies [14]. It requires more energy to transmit the data packets if the sink is not in transmission range [15]. The
robustness of the network is less when the node reaches directly [17]. If the node at low depth to reach the sink, it requires more hops [20].

B. Data transmission rate:

The data transmission is one of the issues because of the behavior of water current and overcome by many of the UWSN properties. The distance
between the nodes is directly proportional to its bandwidth [8]. Interference occurs while the transmission takes place with the minimum of
neighbors. The packet drops if the node is not in transmission range or far away from that. If the nodes find two neighbors it calculates the shortest
path and forwards the data packets [7].

3. ROUTING PROTOCOL
In Various aspects of data transmission and energy consumption, the routing protocol is described. To reduce this issues with other routing protocols
[8].The E-GEDAR (Enhanced GEDAR) is a novel approach for monitoring the underwater sensor networks. It is used to determine the depth
adjustment technique and forwarder nodes in a layering phase approach. It transfers the data from source to destination by analyzing the layers
nearby and identify the set of candidate nodes. The retransmission of packets occurs, only none of the neighbor receives that data packets. It
overcomes the problem of the void region by layering approach for efficient communication.

4. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
We evaluate the difference of GEDAR protocol with E-GEDAR protocol. E-GEDAR employs to deal with the void region. The objective is to
analyze the performance of E-GEDAR protocol in terms of the energy consumption and data transmission rate. The simulation results are explained
below.

Fig. 1 Time Vs Energy Consumption

Fig 2. Time Vs Data Transmission Rate

25. M.Monisha AND V.Venkatesa Kumar,. A Balanced Energy Consumption Analysis for Underwater Sensor Nodes.
Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 23-25

As in Fig. 1, the average displacement per node is high with respect to lower density. The energy decreases as the increases in the number of
nodes. The Data Transmission Rate (DTR) is presented in Fig. 2. As the energy of nodes is high, the data transmission rate is also high. DTR
decreases to the node which dies quickly due to unbalanced energy in low depths.

5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

In this paper, the E-GEDAR protocol improves the energy consumption and data transmission rate in UWSNs. It forwards the data packets after
analyzing the candidate node in each layer. Our simulation results had shown the efficiency of the E-GEDAR approach for data communication in
UWSNs. If the sensor node had unbalanced data load, then the consumption is high. The energy consumption of sensor nodes is high if sensor nodes
have unbalanced data load. The stability period of a network depends upon the energy consumption. The node is unstable with less energy and
transmit slowly. This can be overcome with E-GEDAR algorithm. Consequently, increases for different scenarios to network density and traffic load.
It also increases the network lifetime and to identify the alive nodes. In future, other parameters like delay, jitter, latency, etc.., have to consider since
the network consists of dynamic nodes deployed in underwater.

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