Media Jurnal Biomorfologi

Volume : 26 - No. 1 Terbit : 1--2013

Penulis : Yuni Kurniawaty orchid_yuna@yahoo.co.id

Viskasari Pintoko Kalanjati viskasaripk@yahoo.com

MEKANISME GANGGUAN NEUROLOGI PADA EPILEPSI

Abstrak :

Epilepsy is a common and diverse set of chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. About
1-3% of people will be diagnosed with epilepsy at some time in their lives. The International League
Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 1981 has revised the classification of epilepsy at 2010. Generalized and focal for
seizures as occuring in epileptic seizures result from abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal
activity in the brain. There are different causes of epilepsy that are common in certain age groups. One
speculated mechanism for some forms of inherited epilepsy is mutations of the genes that code for sodium
channel proteins; these defective sodium channels stay open for too long, thus making the neuron
hyper-excitable. Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, may, therefore, be released from these neurons
in large amounts, which by binding with nearby glutamatergic neurons triggers excessive calcium (Ca2+)
released in the post-synaptic cells. Such excessive calcium release can induce neurotoxicity. Another
possible mechanism involves mutations leading to ineffective γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the
adult mammalian brain's most common inhibitory neurotransmitter. Epilepsy-related mutations in some
non-ion channel genes have also been identified. Other causes of epilepsy are brain lesions, where there is
scar tissue or another abnormal mass of tissue in specific area of the brain.

Keyword :

Daftar Pustaka :

Anderjaska, V.A. et al. Pathology and pathophysiology of the amygdala in epileptogenesis and epilepsy
Epilepsy Res. 2008 -
Berg, A.T. et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the
ILAE Commision on Classification and Terminology Epilepsia 2010 -
Briar, C. Nervous System Elsevier 2004 London
Dichter, M.A. Harrison prinsip-prinsip ilmu penyakit dalam EGC 2000 Jakarta
Engelborghs, S.R. DHooge, P.P. & Deyn, D. Pathophysiology of epilepsy Acta Neuro 2010 -

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