Ateriosclerosis Hardening of arteries, When plaque builds up in

the arteries
(and risk factors) Risk Factors
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Diabetes
Obesity
Smoking

Bradycardia Bradycardia: Heart rate < 60 bpm

Tachycardia Tachycardia: Heart rate > 100 bpm
Average Heart Rate Average: 70 bpm men, 75 bpm women

Cardiovascular Disease Refers to any disease that involves the heart or blood
vessels (arteries or veins)
Usually diseases related to atherosclerosis (artery disease)
Types of cardiovascular diseases
Aneurysm, Angina, Atherosclerosis, Cerebrovascular
Accident (Stroke), Cerebrovascular disease, Conges-
tive Heart Failure, Coronary Artery Disease, Myocar-
dial Infarction (Heart Attack)

Anemia Anemia occurs when the amount of hemoglobin

(found in the red blood cells) drops below nor-
mal. Hemoglobin is necessary for the transport and
delivery of oxygen throughout the body.

Men 14-18, Women 10-16

Low Hemoglobin means anemia

Angioplasty Where catheter w/balloon is threaded in artery to

expand and compress plaque
Malignant hypertension Malignant Hypertension:
S & S: dyspnea, severe headache, blurred vision
Essential Hypertension 911 emergency

Essential Hypertension
S& S: Headaches, nosebleeds, lightheadedness,
syncope (fainting)

Thrombophlebitis Phlebitis (vein inflammation), Thrombo (blood clot)

Risk factor: prolonged sitting
Deep venous thrombosis (effecting deeper larger veins)
S&S
Pain (in affected part)
Redness or inflammation (not always present)
Swelling (edema) of the extremities (ankle and foot)

Congestive Heart Failure Acute/chronic inability of heart to pump enough blood thru
(Signs and Symptoms) body
Insidious
Increasing dyspnea (shortness of breath)
Increased heart beats
Increased respiratory rate
Anxious
Edema in ankles
A COUGH they cant shake

Coronary Artery Disease Fat-containing substances are deposited on the coro-

nary artery (artery supplying myocardium) resulting in
atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries)
Can cause
Temp Cardiac Ischemia (TIA)
Or Heart Attack (MI)

Signs & Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease Initially asymptomatic, then angina pectoris
Pain in chest
Dizziness, fainting
HBP, rapid heart beat
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Cyanosis
Edema
Cardiomyopathy Non-inflammatory disease of cardiac muscle re-
sulting in enlargement of myocardium and ven-
tricular dysfunction

Causes S & S of CHF

Ischemia A reduction in blood flow

Infarct Results Death of tissue

Angia Pectoris Chest pain after exertion

The result of reduced oxygen to myocardium
Often after eating a meal
Left-sided radiating chest pain
Dyspnea
People usually take Ntiroglycerin for this

Myocardial Infarction (MI) Total blockage of artery to heart

A HEART ATTACK
Crushing pain
Dyspnea
Irregular heart beat
Diaphoresis, profuse perspiration
Anxiety
Denial

High Iron (Symptoms, Treatment) Hemachromatosis

Treatment: Blood donations, reduce iron in diet
Complications: The most susceptible organs include the
liver, adrenal glands, the heart and the pancreas; patients
can present with cirrhosis, adrenal insufficiency, heart fail-
ure or diabetes.


Arrhythmias Problems with the speed or rhythm of your heart

Can be caused by Coronary Artery Disease

Angioplasty Where catheter w/balloon is threaded in artery to

expand and compress plaque