Natl BIM Guide For Owners

National Institute of
BUILDING SCIENCES
National BIM Guide for Owners
An Authoritative Source of Innovative Solutions for the Built Environment January 2017

Disclaimer:

WhenusingthisGuidetodevelopcontractsbetweenstakeholdersregardingtheuseofBIMtoplan,
design,construct,andoperatebuildings,theinformationhereinshouldnotbeconsidereda
substituteforlegal,business,insuranceorfinancialadvice.Eachstakeholderorpartytoacontract
isstronglyencouragedtoseektheadviceofattorneys,andbusiness,insurance,andfinancial
counselorsandadvisers,aseachstakeholderdeemsappropriate,whendrafting,reviewing,and
negotiatingallcontractsandclausesincluding,butnotlimitedto,alltermsandconditions,contract
andprojectmanagementrequirements,intellectualpropertyrights,andtheelectronicstorageand
transferofdocumentsanddata.

NationalBIMGuideforOwners 090916 0
NATIONALBIMGUIDEFOROWNERS
FOREWORD.........................................................................................................................................v
EXECUTIVESUMMARY.......................................................................................................................vi
1.INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................1
1.1PURPOSE...........................................................................................................................................1
1.2SCOPE................................................................................................................................................1
1.3USE....................................................................................................................................................1
2.PROCESS..........................................................................................................................................3
2.1DEFINEBIMREQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................4
2.1.1BIMUsesandRequirements......................................................................................................4
2.1.2ProjectDeliveryMethod............................................................................................................4
2.1.3IntellectualProperty..................................................................................................................5
2.1.4FinalTurnoverRequirements....................................................................................................6
2.2TEAMROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIES................................................................................................6
2.2.1OwnersBIMRepresentative(s).................................................................................................6
2.2.2ProjectBIMManagerRole.........................................................................................................7
2.2.3Discipline/TradeBIMLeads.......................................................................................................7
2.2.4Collaboration..............................................................................................................................7
2.3BIMPROJECTEXECUTIONPLANNING...............................................................................................8
2.3.1FileSharingRequirements.........................................................................................................8
2.3.2DataSecurity..............................................................................................................................9
2.4MANAGINGPROJECTREQUIREMENTSANDDELIVERABLES............................................................9
2.4.1QualityPlanning.........................................................................................................................9
2.4.2QualityAssurance....................................................................................................................10
2.4.3QualityControl.........................................................................................................................10
3.INFRASTRUCTUREANDSTANDARDS.............................................................................................12
3.1TECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE....................................................................................................12
3.2STANDARDS.....................................................................................................................................12
3.2.1CategoriesofStandards...........................................................................................................12
3.2.2StandardsinthisGuide............................................................................................................13
3.2.3OpenStandardsFormatforSupportingInformation..............................................................14
NationalBIMGuideforOwners 010317 i

3.3SPACEANDGRAPHICALSTANDARDS..............................................................................................15
3.3.1OwnerSpecifiedGuidelinesandStandards............................................................................15
3.3.2Drawing....................................................................................................................................15
3.3.3SheetLayout............................................................................................................................15
3.3.4Areas/Rooms/Spaces...............................................................................................................15
3.3.5DigitalDocumentationandArchiving......................................................................................15
3.4FILESTRUCTURE.............................................................................................................................16
3.4.1OwnerSpecifiedRequirements...............................................................................................16
3.4.2FolderNaming..........................................................................................................................16
3.4.3FileNaming..............................................................................................................................16
3.4.4ComponentNamingConventions............................................................................................17
3.4.5SubmittalPackage....................................................................................................................17
3.4.6FileSharing...............................................................................................................................17
3.4.7DataTransmittalRequirements...............................................................................................17
3.5MODELSTRUCTURES......................................................................................................................17
3.6MODELREQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................18
3.6.1ModelingResponsibility...........................................................................................................18
3.6.2ModelingProcess.....................................................................................................................19
4.EXECUTION....................................................................................................................................23
4.1BIMProjectExecutionPlan(PxP)....................................................................................................23
4.1.1DevelopmentoftheBIMPxP...................................................................................................23
4.2BIMUses.........................................................................................................................................24
4.2.1BIMUseDefinition...................................................................................................................24
4.2.2EssentialBIMUses...................................................................................................................25
4.2.3EnhancedBIMUses.................................................................................................................25
4.2.4OwnerRelatedBIMUses.........................................................................................................27
4.3ModelDeliverables.........................................................................................................................27
5.GLOSSARY.....................................................................................................................................30
6.REFERENCEDOCUMENTS..............................................................................................................33
7.CITATIONS.....................................................................................................................................36
NationalBIMGuideforOwners 010317 ii

Acknowledgements
TheNationalInstituteofBuildingScienceswouldliketoextendsincerethankstothefollowingagenciesand
individualsfortheirsupport,input,andgeneroussharingofBIMknowledgeandexistinginformation:
StateofWisconsin
BillNapier,ProjectManager,WisconsinDepartmentofAdministration
JerryWalters,ExecutiveDirectorofCESA11
WendyvonBelow,WisconsinDepartmentofAdministration
AdenSayers,ArchitecturalProgramandPolicyAnalyst
KevinConnolly,AIA,ConnollyArchitects

U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers
JasonFairchild,CAD/BIMCommunityofPracticeLeader
SteveHutsell,Chief,GeospatialSection,SeattleDistrict
BrandonTobias,AIA,Architect
VanWoods,BIMProgramManager

U.S.DepartmentofDefenseDefenseHealthAgency
JohnBecker,Director,FacilitiesDivision
RussellManning,PhD,Chief,Operations&LifeCycleIntegration
U.S.DepartmentofVeteransAffairs
ReneeTietjen,AIA,LEEDAP,SeniorArchitect,VABIMProgramManager,Construction&Facilities
Management
U.S.GeneralServicesAdministration
IlanaHellmann,PE,BIMProgramExpert,ProgramManagementBranch
CharlesMatta,FAIA,Director,CenterforBuildingInformationPrograms,PublicBuildingsService
HoratioMcDowney,ITApplicationsProjectSpecialist,CenterforBuildingInformationSystems
CorrespondingMembers
PaulAudsley,Assoc.AIA,Principal/DirectorofDigitalPractice,NBBJ
BrianHalma,BusinessStrategyManager,Americas,RICS
AysePolat,AIA,NYMainVDCFieldOperationsBIMManager,TurnerConstruction
AlanMuseBSc(Hons)MSc,FRICS,GlobalDirectorofBuiltEnvironmentProfessionalGroups,RICS
DennisR.Shelden,AIA,PhD,AssociateProfessor,SchoolofArchitecture,andDirector,DigitalBuilding
Laboratory,GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology
WealsowouldliketothanktheAmericanInstituteofArchitects(AIA);AmericanSocietyofHeating,
RefrigeratingandAirConditioningEngineers(ASHRAE);andBuildingOwnersandManagersAssociation
International(BOMA)fortheirsupportincompletingthisproject,aswellastheU.S.DepartmentofDefense
DefenseHealthAgencyforfinancialsupport.
NationalBIMGuideforOwners 010317 iii
NationalBIMGuideforOwnersProjectTeam
DanChancey,RPA,Chair
SeniorVicePresident,AssetManagement,Cushman&Wakefield,CommercialAdvisors

ErnieConrad,PE,BOMAFellow
RepresentingBOMAInternational

CarrieSturtsDossick,PhD,PE
AssociateProfessorandExecutiveDirector,CenterforEducationandResearchinConstruction,
UniversityofWashington

CraigR.Dubler,PhD,DBIA
Manager,FacilityAssetManagement,PennStateUniversity

JohnnyFortune,CDT,LEEDAP
BIM/ITDirector,BullockTiceAssociates

M.DennisKnight,PE,FASHRAE
Founder&CEO,WholeBuildingSystems,LLC
RepresentingASHRAE

JohnI.Messner,PhD
CharlesandElinorMattsProfessorofArchitecturalEngineering,Director,ComputerIntegrated
ConstructionResearchProgram,PennStateUniversity
NationalInstituteofBuildingSciences
HenryL.Green,Hon.AIA
President

DominiqueFernandez

EarleKennett
Consultant/TeamLeader

StephanieStubbs,Assoc.AIA,PMP
ProjectManager
NationalBIMGuideforOwners 010317 iv
FOREWORD
RecentSmartMarketReportsbyMcGrawHillConstruction(nowDodgeData&Analytics)indicatethe
businessvalueofBuildingInformationModeling(BIM)isincreasing.TheBusinessValueofBIMin
NorthAmerica:MultiYearTrendAnalysisandUserRatings(20072012)showedBIMadoption
increasingfrom17%in2007to71%in2012,with62%ofrespondentsamongtheindustryperceivinga
positivereturnontheirinvestmentinBIM.TheBusinessValueofBIMforOwners(2014)identified
68%ofU.S.OwnerssurveyedaseitherrequiringorencouragingBIMfortheirprojects.
TheNationalInstituteofBuildingSciencesisproudtointroducetheNationalBuildingInformation
ModelingGuideforOwners(NBGO),intendedtooutlineforthebuildingOwnerhowtodevelopand
implementrequirementsforBIMapplicationininternalpoliciesandproceduresaswellasincontracts
toplan,design,construct,andoperatebuildings.
AsBIMadoptionintheU.S.continuestorise,theOwnerstandstobenefitmost,byimplementingBIM
asatooltomaximizeabuildingsvaluethroughoutitslifecycle.BIMpotentiallyfacilitatesbetter
informedOwnerdecisionmaking,designintentcommunication,projectcoordinationacrossvarious
phases,enhancedprojectdeliveryscheduleandbudgetmanagement,postconstructionassetand
facilitymanagement,buildingautomationandcontrol,andmanyotherbenefits,includingincreased
propertyresalevaluesofthebuilding,aswellasleasingrevenues.
WeauthoredtheNBGOtoassistOwnersinworkingwiththeothermembersofthebuildingteamto
maximizethepotentialofBIMontheirprojects.Wewouldwelcomeyourcommentsandfeedbackas
youputtheNBGOtoworkforyou.
Sincerely,
HenryL.Green,Hon.AIA
President
NationalInstituteofBuildingSciences
January1,2017

NationalBIMGuideforOwners 010317 v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TheintendedaudienceforthisGuideisthebuildingOwner.TheGuidedefinesanapproachtocreating
andfulfillingBuildingInformationModeling(BIM)requirementsforatypicalprojectfromtheOwners
standpoint.
MerelyrequiringBIMonaprojectdoesnotequatetosuccessiftheOwnersgoalsfortheprojectare
notclearlysetandBIMrequirementsdonotcorrelatetoachievingthosegoals.BIMmustbewell
plannedandproperlyexecuted;notjustBIM,butBIMDONERIGHT,1aligningtherightamountand
typesofresourcestoachievetherightresults.
ThisGuidebuildsonthepremisethatBIM,inandofitself,isnottheendbutratherthemeanstoa
numberofpotentiallyvaluableprojectdeliveryoutcomesfortheOwner.Itoffersatoolsetaddressing
threebroadareastheOwnershouldunderstandinordertodirecttheProjectTeamtoBIMDONE
RIGHT:process,infrastructureandstandards,andexecution.
TheProcessforusingBIMeffectivelyonaprojectbeginswithdefiningBIMrequirementsinthe
Owner'scontractswithserviceproviders(toplan,design,construct,andoperatethebuilding)andwith
otherstakeholdersbasedontheprojectdeliverymethod(designbidbuild,designbuild,IPD,etc.).
Earlyon,asuccessfulBIMprocessincludesidentifyingtherolesandresponsibilitiesofkeyproject
stakeholderswithrespecttoinformationmodelingaswellascreatingaBIMProjectExecutionPlan
(PxP),anoutcomedrivenBIMroadmapthatdetailshowtheprojectwillbecompleted.Processalso
includesmanagingtheprojectforcompliancewiththePxPandcontractrequirements,includingthe
projectdeliverables.
Infrastructureandstandardsacknowledgesthehighdegreeofhumancollaborationandsoftware
interoperabilityneededforsuccessfulprojectinformationmodeling,particularlyastheprojectmoves
fromphasetophase.Toachievethenecessarylevelofinteractivity,theOwnermustrequireall
membersoftheProjectBIMTeamtoadheretoaframeworkofstandardsandstructuresfromthe
projectsonset.
ExecutionencompassescreatingaProjectExecutionPlan(PxP),amasterplanforhowinformation
modelingwillbedoneandmanaged,attheinceptionofaproject.ThePxPdocumentstheOwnersand
theProjectBIMTeamsmutualagreementonhow,bywhom,when,why,towhatlevel,andforwhat
projectoutcomes(calledBIMUses)informationmodelingwillbeused.
WhiletheGuidehighlightstheessentialrequirementsforBIM,italsooffersoptionsforOwnerswho
wishtogobeyondminimumrequirements.Andfinally,whiletheguideusesthetermbuilding
generically,inkeepingwiththeterminologyofBuildingInformationModeling,itisintendedtoapply
toinformationmodelingforthebuiltenvironment;i.e.,siteelementsandfacilitiesaswellasbuildings.

NationalBIMGuideforOwners 010317 vi
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1PURPOSE
ThepurposeoftheNationalBuildingInformationModelingGuideforOwners(NBGO)istooutlinefor
thebuildingOwnerhowtodevelopandimplementrequirementsfortheapplicationofBuilding
InformationModeling(BIM)forinternalpoliciesandprocedures,andexplainhowtoincludethese
requirementsincontractstoplan,design,constructandoperatebuildings.ThisGuideusestheterm
buildinggenerically,inkeepingwiththeterminologyofBuildingInformationModeling.Itis
intendedtoapplytoinformationmodelingforthebuiltenvironment:siteelementsandfacilitiesas
wellasbuildings.
1.2SCOPE
ThisGuideestablishesrecommendationsforprocesses,standards,anddeliverablesforaBIMenabled
projectthatcanbecontinuallysharedandagreeduponbytheOwnerandtherestoftheProjectBIM
Team,whichcanincludeplanners,constructors,facilitiesmanagers,andsubcontractors,aswellas
designers.
1.3USE
TherecommendationsinthisGuideshouldbeusedbytheOwnertocreatespecificproject
requirementsforBIMbasedontheprojectsuniqueandindividualneedsthatcanthenbefollowed
andimplementedbytheProjectBIMTeamtoenhancefacilityvalue.
ManyaspectsofthebuildingindustryarediscoveringincreasedvalueinBIM.Owners,architects,engineers,
contractors,subcontractors,andfacilitymanagersallhavecollectiveandindividualinterestsfortheprojectand
theirbusinesscontinuity,respectively.BIMhasthecapacitytobeusedwithineachphaseofaprojectfrom
conceptual,throughfinaldesign,construction,andontooperationswithavarietyofapplicationsranging
fromClashDetection,QuantityTakeoff,Scheduling,FMoperations,andmanyothers.Whileeachapplicationor
useofBIMoffersvalueinitselfandanyprojectparticipantengaginginthesevarioususescouldstatetheyare
doingBIM;theeffortswontlikelyyieldoptimalresultswithoutproperplanning,coordination,andexecution.
ItistheprojectteamsactivitiesinconcertwiththeOwnersrequirementsthatprovidethegreatestpotential
lifecyclevalue.ThisisBIMDoneRight*andhelpingOwnersachievethisfortheirprojectsisthegoalofthis
Guide.
JohnnyFortune
BIM/ITDirector,BullockTiceAssociates

*Tice,John,BullockTiceAssociatesBIMDONERIGHT,aBIMenabled,clientfocuseddeliveryapproachandstrategy(2015).
http://www.bulltice.com/

2. PROCESS
Attheprojectsinception,theOwnerestablishestheintentandgeneralrequirementsforthebuilding.
Collectively,theseareknownastheOwnersProjectRequirements(OPR),andaredefinedbythe
NationalBIMStandardUnitedStates(NBIMSUS)Version32(V3)astheOwner'swritten
documentationofthefunctionalrequirementsofthe"facility"andtheexpectationsofhowitwillbe
usedandoperated.Theyincludeprojectanddesigngoals,budgets,limitations,schedules.These
requirementsaretransferredintothebuildingsbasisofdesign,(BOD),usedbythebuildingsdesign
teamtodefinetheapproachandparametersfordesigningthebuildingtomeettheOwners
requirements.Thedatadevelopedduringdesignisthentransferredbythedesignteaminto
constructiondocuments,whichbecometherecordofallthebuildingsphysicalelements.Aseach
buildingelementsconstructioniscompleted,itiseitheracceptedthroughtraditionaldesignteam
constructioncontractadministrationpracticesand/orcommissionedbyanindependent
CommissioningAuthoritythatthefinalconstructionmeetstheOPRandthatthefunctional
performanceoftheelementhasbeenverified.
Astheprojectmovesfromphasetophase,theinformationcontainedwithintheBIMgrowsinboth
quantityandspecificity.ThenatureofBIMtechnologyandtheinteroperability(abilitytobe
exchangedandused)ofthedatacontainedwithintheBIMallowdifferentOwnerstousetheBIMin
multipleways,dependingontheirspecificneeds.Inadditiontodesignandconstruction,BIM
applicationscanincludeassetmanagement,buildingautomationandcontrol,interdisciplinary
coordination,scheduling,costestimating,andintegratedconstructionspecifications.
Modelsgeneratedduringplanning,design,construction,andoperationscontinuetoserveas
informationresourcesusedtokeepthebuildingoperatingatoptimalefficiency.Whenwellplanned
andexecuted,theuseofBIMmayreducethebuildinglifecyclecost.UsingBIMinconcertwith
planningandteambuilding,withitssharedandcontinuallyupdatedinformation,alsohelpstheteam
minimizeconflicts,cutsdownonrepetitionandduplicationoftasks,andhelpstooptimizeplanning,
design,construction,andoperations.
TheprocessforenablingBIMtobeusedeffectivelyonaprojectshouldfollowthesesteps:
1. DefineminimumBIMrequirementsintheOwner'scontractswithserviceproviders(planning,
design,construction,operations,etc.)andotherstakeholdersbasedontheprojectdelivery
method(designbidbuild,designbuild,IPD,etc.).
2. Identifytherolesandresponsibilitiesofkeyprojectstakeholderswithrespecttoinformation
modeling.
3. CollaborativelycreateaBIMProjectExecutionPlan(PxP)withkeyprojectstakeholders.
4. ManagetheprojectforcompliancewiththePxPandcontractrequirements,includingModel
andDataDeliverables,throughperiodicreviews.
Wherethemodel(s)istobeusedfordesign/documentationandthenforconstruction,theBIMPxP
shouldaddressmodelexchangeprocedures,i.e.,howthemodel(s)canmigratebetweenproject
phaseseffectivelywithminimumeffort.First,theProjectBIMTeammembersneedtocoordinatethe
BIMUsestheyseektoleveragewhentheydeterminethemodelexchangeprocedures.Forexample,

modelcoordinationwouldrequireahighdegreeofgeometricaccuracyforthedesignmodel.Once
BIMUsesareidentified,theteamshoulddecidewhoisdevelopingwhichmodels,andwhenthese
modelsareexchanged.TheBIMPxPshouldbeusedtoorganizeresponsibilitiesandmodeling
requirements.
2.1DEFINEBIMREQUIREMENTS
BIMrequirementsaredefinedbytheOwnersoverallgoals,businesspractices,andcorporateculture
andareshapedbytheOPR.Theyaredevelopedonaprojectbyprojectbasis,astheProjectBIMTeam
selectsBIMUsestoachievetheserequirements.TheOwnershouldprovideanyresources,suchas
feasibilitystudiesand/oraccesstostakeholderinterviews,fortheBIMProjectBIMTeamtodefine
Ownerrelatedgoals.OncetheOwnersprojectBIMgoalsaredefined,theProjectBIMTeamshould
alsoensurethattheseBIMgoalscanbemetwithcurrenttechnologypracticesandrequiredteam
competencies.TheprojectBIMgoalsshouldleadtothechoiceofBIMUsesandadditionalBIM
requirements.
2.1.1BIMUsesandRequirements
TheOwnershouldataminimumrequirethefiveEssentialBIMUsesdescribedinSection4.2.2:Existing
Conditions,DesignAuthoring,DesignReview,threedimensional(3D)Coordination,andRecord
Modeling.ProjectconditionsmayjustifyotherEnhancedBIMUses,asdescribedinSection4.2.3,or
OwnerRelatedUses,asdescribedinSection4.2.4.TheProjectBIMTeamshoulddevelopthe
recommendedBIMUsesfortheprojectbyleveragingresourcesprovidedintheNationalBIM
StandardUnitedStates(NBIMSUS)Version3(V3)alongwithotherresources.NBIMSUS,
developedbytheNationalInstituteofBuildingSciencesbuildingSMARTalliance,containscore
consensusapprovedstandardsregardingtheexchangeofinformationandstandardpracticesfor
implementingBIMonaproject.
OnceBIMUsesaredefined,theLevelofDevelopment(LOD)requirementsshouldbedetermined.
ThereareDefaultLOD,TemplateLOD,andCustomLOD(seeSection3.6.4).AnOwnercanadopta
DefaultLODthatreferencesestablishedLODrequirements,suchastheUnitedStatesArmyCorpsof
Engineers(USACE)MinimumModelingMatrix(M3).3TheOwneralsocanuseexistingtemplatesto
developLODrequirements,suchastheAmericanInstituteofArchitects(AIA)G202Building
InformationModelingProtocol.4ItalsoispossibleforOwnerstodevelopacustomLODmatrixfor
theirorganization,butiftheydoso,theyshouldadheretotheLODspecdefinitions.Anyofthese
threeformsofLODspecificationprovidesameansforOwnerstodevelopcontractrequirementsfor
modelsanddatarequirements.
2.1.2ProjectDeliveryMethod
ThechoiceofprojectdeliverymethodfortheprojectaffectsthewayinwhichtheBIMisdeveloped
andhowinformationisexchanged.Adesignbuild(DB)projectmayonlyhaveoneProjectBIM
Manager,whileadesignbidbuild(DBB)projectshouldhaveoneBIMManagerfordesignand
anotheroneforconstruction.Similarly,theOwnershouldunderstandthattheprojectdeliverymethod
willaffectthelevelofresponsibilitythattheOwnerassumesforinformationmanagementand

exchangebetweenprojectphases.Forexample,inDBB,theOwnermayberesponsiblefor
informationexchangebetweendesignstakeholdersandconstructionstakeholders.Theproject
contractsshoulddefineresponsibilitiesforthedesignandconstructioncontractingentities,and,
therefore,theLevelofDevelopment(LOD)anddivisionofresponsibilities.Informationexchange
acrosscontractingpartiesalsoshouldbeclearlydefinedandcloselymanaged.
2.1.3IntellectualProperty.
ProjectdeliverablesshouldbeclearlyandcompletelydefinedintheOwner/designerand
Owner/contractoragreements,especiallyifthePxPisdevelopedaftercontractshavebeenexecuted.
TheintellectualpropertyrightsoftheOwnershouldbeclearlydefinedandvalidatedinthePxP.The
Ownershould,ataminimum,havetherighttousetheprojectdatadefinedasprojectdeliverablesin
theBIMPxP.Projectdatashouldincludethe:
Modelfiles(BIM,CAD)
Drawingfiles(CAD,electronicsheetssuchasPDFs,and/orplotfiles)
Electronicmanuals
Tabular/textualinformationderivedfromBIM(e.g.,spreadsheets)
Referencefilesnecessarytosupplementotherprojectdata
Publiclyfundedprojectsaresubjecttothegoverningauthoritysacquisitionrequirements.Federally
fundedprojectsaregovernedperFederalAcquisitionRegulation(FAR)Part27,Patents,Data,and
Copyrights.5Anyexceptionstoownershiprightsshouldbeclearlynotedintheprojectcontract(s),
documentedintheBIMPxP,andapprovedbytheProjectBIMTeam.Ownershipofprojectdatais
conveyedtotheOwneratthetimeofprojectcloseout.Ownerreuserightsshouldbedefinedinthe
Owner/stakeholdercontracts.TheProjectBIMTeamshouldreviewthisguide,theBIMPxP,andthe
Commentary:
WhenusingthisGuidetodevelopcontractsbetweenstakeholdersregardingtheuseofBIMtoplan,
design,constructandoperatebuildings,theinformationhereinshouldnotbeconsidereda
substituteforlegal,business,insuranceorfinancialadvice.Contractsmayhaveimportantlegal,
business,insuranceandfinancialconsequences.Eachstakeholderorpartytoacontractisstrongly
encouragedtoseektheadviceofattorneys,andbusiness,insurance,andfinancialcounselorsand
advisers,aseachstakeholderdeemsappropriate,whendrafting,reviewing,andnegotiatingall
contractsandclausesincluding,butnotlimitedto,alltermsandconditions,contractandproject
managementrequirements,intellectualpropertyrights,andtheelectronicstorageandtransferof
documentsanddata.
projectcontract(s)todeterminegoverningrequirementsandpermissionsand/orlimitationsfor
ownership,conveyance,and/orreuseofdata.Theprojectcontractconditionsandtermstake
precedenceoverthisguide,and,aswithallcontractdocuments,itisadvisabletoseektheadviceof
legalcounsel.

2.1.4FinalTurnoverRequirements
TheOwnershouldconsiderthefinaldeliverablerequirementsforprojectdata.Ownersshouldreview
theircurrentinformationneedsforoperationsandmaintenance,andestablishdatarequirementsthat
supportthoseneeds.TheOwneralsoshouldconsiderhowBIMcansupportfuturefacilities
managementandoperations,anddeveloprequirementsthatsupportfutureneedsaswell.Ata
minimum,majorequipmentshouldbedescribedbyfacilityattributessuchasmake,model,
manufacturer,andserialnumber.Additionalattributesincludewarrantyinformation,partslists,
maintenanceschedules,andmanufacturercontactinformation.
2.2TEAMROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIES
2.2.1OwnersBIMRepresentative(s)
Especiallyforlargerandmorecomplexprojects,theOwnershoulddesignateanOwnersBIM
Representative.TheOwnersBIMRepresentativeshouldhaveaclearunderstandingofBIMandthe
OPR.TheOwner'sBIMRepresentativeshould,ataminimum:
RepresenttheOwnersrequirementsandbeabletoeffectivelycommunicatethemtoother
stakeholders.
ServeastheprimaryliaisonbetweentheOwnerandtheProjectBIMManager(s)forallBIM
relatedissues.
HaveoversightofBIMrequirementsinallprojectphases,fromplanningthroughthe
constructionoftheproject,andatleastthebeginningoftheoperationsphase.
Receive,review,andapproveBIMdeliverables.

Figure1.BIMRoleandResponsibilityChart
2.2.2ProjectBIMManagerRole
TheprojectshouldhaveadesignatedProjectBIMManager.TheProjectBIMManagerrolemaybe
fulfilledbymorethanoneperson;forexample,manyprojectshavealeaddesignBIMManageranda
leadconstructionBIMManager(seeFigure1).TheProjectBIMManagershouldhavesufficientBIM
educationandexperienceforthesizeandcomplexityoftheproject,aswellastherelevantproficiency
intheproposedBIMauthoringandcoordinationsoftwareselectedforuseontheproject.Inthe
absenceofanOwnersBIMRepresentative,theProjectBIMManagershouldserveasthemainpointof
contactwiththeProjectBIMTeamforallBIMrelatedissues.
Duringeachphaseofaproject,theProjectBIMManagerataminimumshould:
LeadtheprocessofcreatingandupdatingtheBIMPxPinaccordancewiththeOPR.
VerifycomplianceofthePxPdeliverables.
Coordinateallupdatesforindividualmodels,specializedmodels,anddatabases.
AdministerProjectQualityManagementandDataSecurityManagement.
Develop,coordinate,publish,andverifynecessaryconfigurationsrequiredforintegrationof
projectdata.
Facilitatedistributionofprojectdata.
Compileprojectdataforreviewandcoordination.
Facilitatedesignreview.
Meetwithrelevantprojectstakeholdersforreviewofturnoverdocuments.
Delivermodel(s)andFacilityDatatoOwnerforuseinoperations.

2.2.3Discipline/TradeBIMLeads
Eachdiscipline/tradeshouldassignanindividualtotheroleofBIMleadforthedurationoftheproject.
TheseindividualsshouldhavetherelevantBIMexperiencerequiredbythecomplexityoftheproject.
Thediscipline/tradeBIMleadmaintainsacontinuousinterfacewiththeProjectBIMManager.
Theresponsibilitiesofthediscipline/tradeBIMleadsfortheirrespectivediscipline/tradeinclude:
ActastheleadBIMcontactforthediscipline/trade.
Developandmanageexchangeofmodels.
Maintainandmanageintegrityofthemodel.
AssumeadditionalrolesandresponsibilitiesasdefinedtosupportthePxPandother
contractualrequirements.
2.2.4Collaboration
TheProjectBIMTeamshouldnotrelyoninformationexchangeasthesolemeansofproject
communication;informationexchangeisnotcollaboration.TheProjectBIMTeamshouldschedule
regularBIMcoordinationmeetingsduringwhichteammembersmeettodiscussdesignand
constructionissues,usingthemodelasasharedresource.Thefrequencyofsuchinteractionsdepends
ontheproject'sgoals,BIMUses,andProjectBIMTeammemberscapabilities.

ThroughtheBIMprojectplanningprocess,theProjectBIMTeamshouldagreeonhowandinwhat
waystheProjectBIMTeammemberswillcollaborateusingtheBIM.Allprojectstakeholdersinvolved
withmodelingshoulddevelopandagreetoaprojectspecificBIMPxP.Thisplanshouldincludethe
requirementsforinformationexchangeamongtheparties,aswellasforexpectedinteractionswith
themodel.
2.3BIMPROJECTEXECUTIONPLANNING
TheBIMProjectExecutionPlan(PxP)isthecentraldocumentforBIMimplementation.Thisplanshould
beauthoredbytheProjectBIMTeamcollectively,andonboardingprocessesshouldbedevelopedfor
ProjectBIMTeammemberswhojointheprojectaftertheinitialplanhasbeendeveloped.Thestepsof
BIMPxPinclude:

6
Figure2.BIMProjectExecutionPlanningProcedure
TheBIMPxPshouldcontainallcontentnecessarytodocumenttheprocessofimplementingBIMona
project.SpecificBIMPxPcontentrequirementscanbefoundinSection4.1ofthisdocument.
Specifically,theteamshoulddevelopplansandprotocolstomeettheOPR,including,asaminimum,
filesharinganddatasecurity.
2.3.1FileSharingRequirements
ThefilesharingrequirementswillvarydependingontheprojectsBIMUses.Ataminimum,thePxP
shouldincludeadescriptionofthe:

Filesystem(s)theteamwillusetoexchange,merge,andvisualizemodels
Schedulefororfrequencyofmodelupdatesandclashdetectionchecks
Toolsandprocesstobeusedforclashdetectionchecking
Processtobeusedtogeneratedrawingsfromcoordinatedmodels
2.3.2DataSecurity
OwnersshouldapplytheirexistingdatasecuritystandardstoBIMprotocols.TheOwnershould
considerthesecurityrisksintermsoftheprotectionofdata.TheOwnermaywishtoconsider
includingdatarestrictionsprocedures,suchascheckoutandcheckin,aswellasstipulatingthedegree
ofaccesscontrolforprojectparticipants.TheOwnershouldrequiretheProjectBIMTeamtocomplete
aDataSecurityProtocolthatcomplieswithdatasecurityrequirementsasdefinedbelow.
2.3.2.1DataSecurityProtocol(DSP).AspartofthePxP,theProjectBIMTeamshoulddevelopand
submitaDataSecurityProtocol(DSP)totheOwnerthatoutlinessecurityprotocolstobeimplemented
fortheproject.TheDSPshouldbeapprovedbytheOwnerpriortocommencingwork.Ataminimum,
theDSPshouldaddress:
Useraccessrightsandpermissions,outliningthevariousrolesanddegreesofaccesstothe
data.RolesshouldcorrelatetothosedefinedinthisguideandtheBIMPxP.TheDSPalsoshould
identifyanyadditionaluseraccessrequired.
Dataprotection,documentinghowthedatawillbeprotectedfrom:
o Accidentalloss
o FileCorruption(malware,viruses)
o Misuse/negligence
o Unauthorizedconveyance
o Deliberateattack(internalorexternal)
Dataprocessandhandlingprotocolproceduresfor:
o Exchange:Howandwithwhatfrequencydatawillbeexchanged.TheDSPshouldalign
withotherrequirementsintheBIMPxPandprovidemoredetailspecifictodataexchange.
o Maintenance:Describethemaintenanceplanforalldatasources,transmissiondevices,
andstoragedevicesusedfortheproject.
o Backup:DescribeindetailthebackupschemeimplementedbytheProjectBIMTeam,
includingfrequencyandretentionofbackups.
o Archiving:Describethestorage,retrieval,andretentionsystemtobeusedbytheProject
BIMTeam.

2.4MANAGINGPROJECTREQUIREMENTSANDDELIVERABLES
2.4.1QualityPlanning
TheentireProjectBIMTeamisresponsibleforqualitycontrol.However,theteamshouldspecifyroles
andresponsibilitiesformodelmanagementandqualitymanagementfortheproject.TheBIMPxP
includesthemanagementstrategiesforimplementingBIMUsesandrequirements.Quality

managementprocessesshouldbeusedtoensureBIMiscreatedfordownstreamusesofthemodel
data.
Thequalitystandardsforthemodelingactivitiesshouldbediscussedindetailattheearlystagesofthe
project.ThefollowingitemsshouldbedevelopedbytheProjectBIMTeampriortothestartofthe
modelingactivities:
AclearlydefinedQualityAssurance(QA)andQualityControl(QC)sectionwithintheBIMPxP
AdetailedQAapproachformonitoringthemodelingprocess
AdetailedQCapproachtotestthefinaldeliverablesforcompliancewiththequalitystandards
EachQAandQCactivityshouldidentifyaProjectBIMTeammemberspecificallyresponsiblefor
performingthetask.TheQAandQCapproachesmayalsobeincorporatedintoprojectcontractsto
ensurecompliance.
2.4.2QualityAssurance
QualityassuranceproceduresshouldbedefinedtoensurethattheProjectBIMTeammembersare
performingthemodelingprocessdefinedwithintheBIMPxP.TheQAactivitiesshouldalsobe
consistentwiththecontract.MinimumQAactivitiesshouldinclude:
Definitionandvalidationoftestingorprototypingprocesstoverifythemodelmeetsthe
minimummodelingrequirements
Validationofresourceavailabilityandcapabilitiestoperformmodelingactivities
Reviewoftheinformationexchangedefinitionstoassurethatthedeliverablesareclearly
definedandunambiguous
AdditionalQAactivitiesmayinclude:
Periodicreviewsofthemodelingprocedurestoensurethattheactivitiesbeingperformedare
consistentwiththeinitialplan
DocumentationofthefinalmodelingprocessforfuturereferencebyProjectBIMTeam
members
2.4.3QualityControl
Qualitycontroltestsshouldbedefinedtoverifythattheprojectdeliverablescomplywiththeproject
requirements.TheProjectBIMManagershouldverifythatallrequireddeliverablesaresubmittedand
appropriatelydistributedasdefinedwithintheBIMPxPandanyadditionalcontractualagreements.
ThefollowingQCactivitiesshouldbeperformedonallprojectdatadeliveredtotheOwner:
VerificationofthefileordataexchangemetadataasdefinedwithintheBIMPxPtoinclude(as
appropriateforthedataexchangetypes):
o Dateofsubmission
o Filetype(iffile)
o Filename(iffile)
o Databaseaccessinstructions(ifthereisdatabasecontent)
o Generaldescriptionofcontent

o Dataschema(organization)ofthefile,includingversion,datecreated,anddatemodified
bybuildingSMARTInternational(asappropriate)
o Descriptionofthedataexchangestandard(ifanopenstandard)
Validationoftheproperfiletype,namingconvention,andappropriatesoftwareversion
Validationoffinalsubmittedmodelfiles(content)againsttheinformationexchangestandard:
o Manualvalidationofaspecifiedsampleofelementstoverifythattheinformationis
properlystructuredandaccurate.Thesamplesizemayvarybaseduponthelevelof
criticalityoftheinformationelement.Thesamplingprocedureshouldbedefinedwithin
theBIMPxP
o Visualmodelinspectiontoreviewgeneralmodelcontent
o Inspectionofthecoordinatesystemtoensurethatallmodelfileshaveacommon
coordinatesystem
Validationthatmodelclasheshavebeenresolvedpertheownerspredefinedminimum
requirementsandthecriteriaestablishedwithintheBIMPxP.
Thetestsshouldbeperformedwithinanagreedupontimebeforeorafterprojectmilestones,as
specifiedbythecontract.
AdditionalQCactivitiesmayinclude:
Checks:AllProjectBIMTeammembersshouldcheckthemodelingcontentthattheyreceive
fromotherteammembersortheOwnertoverifythattheexchangescontainvalidfieldentries
andtheproperinformationelements.ProjectBIMTeammembersshouldreportanyunusual
informationcontent.
ProjectDataSubmissionLog:TheProjectBIMTeamshoulddevelopanduseaProjectData
SubmissionLog,whichincludesmodel/modelingcomplianceissuesandcorrectiveactions.The
ProjectBIMManagershouldreviewtheProjectDataSubmissionLog,participatein
collaborativeteamresolution,andprovidedirectionwhenneeded.

3. INFRASTRUCTURE AND STANDARDS
3.1TECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE
ForthepurposesofthisGuide,infrastructureisdefinedastheentiretechnologysystemusedforaBIM
project.ItbroadlyencompassesBIMasthedigitalrepresentationofthephysicalandfunctional
characteristicsofthebuiltenvironment.Theuseofthetermplatforminthissectionappliestoall
projectrelevantcomputingplatforms(hardwareandsoftware),includingbutnotlimitedto
computers,servers,networkdevices,backupsystems,andfilesharingsystems,betheyresidentona
localnetworkorweb/cloudbased.ComputingplatformsarepartofanOwnersandotherproject
stakeholderstechnologyinfrastructure,alongwithnetworksandphysicalworkspaces.
Computingplatformgenerallyandbroadlyappliestothecomputerhardwareandoperatingsystems
(OS)onwhichcomputerprogramsorsoftwarearedesignedtorun.TheOwnershouldconsidercurrent
hardwareandOS,andsoftwarespecificapplicationcapabilitiesthatexistwithinhis/herown
organizationandtheorganizationofotherprojectstakeholdersaswellasfuturehardwareandOS
capabilitiesthatarepreferredorcanbeanticipated.Infrastructurerequirementsshouldbeconsidered
forallprojectphases,fromplanningconceptthroughwhatwillbeavailableduringthefacility
managementandoperationsphaseoftheproject.Foreachprojectphase,theOwnershouldconsider
howinformationiscreated,stored,exchanged,secured,backeduporarchived,anddelivered,and
whethereachshouldbelocalized,cloudorwebbased,orahybrid.
TheOwnershouldrequirethatanyBIMrelatedworkproductsbe:
CompatiblewiththeOwner'scomputerplatformrequirements
Capableofsupportingcurrentandlegacyfileformats
Agnostic(i.e.,designedtobecompatibleacrossmostcommonOS,hardwareorsoftware
systems),adaptable,andscalablewithrespecttopotentialfuturecomputing
Abletosupportopen,consensusstandardstomaximizefuturecompatibility
Additionally,theOwnershouldconsiderrequiringtheProjectBIMTeamtousespecifictechnology
infrastructuretosupporttheOwnersoverarchingbusinessandprojectgoals.
AlltechnologyinfrastructureusedforaprojectshouldbedocumentedintheBIMPxP.
3.2STANDARDS
3.2.1CategoriesofStandards
TheOwnershouldconsiderthreebroadcategoriesofBIMstandards:Organizational(internal)
Standards,PrimaryStandards,andReferenceStandards.OrganizationalStandardsandPrimary
StandardsforBIM(orappropriateportionsofthem)shouldbecitedintheOwner'scontractlanguage
withotherstakeholdersastheminimumacceptablestandardswhenBIMisusedandBIMdeliverables
arerequired.MerelycitingthestandardbynameinacontractwillnotensurethatanyuseofBIMona
projectorBIMdeliverablerequiredwillmeetanOwner'scurrentandfutureneeds.

Commentary:
Standards,asusedinthisguideline,aredocumentscreatedtoestablishminimumlevelsofqualityor
achievementthatareacceptable.Mandatorystandardsarethosethathavebeenformallyadoptedbya
codeagencyorgovernmententity(authority)suchasmunicipalities,stateorfederalagencies,or
departments.VoluntarystandardsarethosenonmandatorystandardsusedbyOwnersandother
organizationsandindustriestosetminimallyacceptablestandardsofqualityandachievement.

BIMisnotamandatoryrequirementintheUnitedStates.However,numerouscountriesaroundtheworld
arebeginningtowriteBIMrequirementsintotheirlocalandfederalcodesandstatutes.

ThissectionaddressesthestandardsthatOwnersshouldreferencewhenrequiringBIM.These
requirementsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,theOwnersinternalpolicies,procedures,andrequirements
(OrganizationalStandards),aswellasPrimaryandReferencedStandards.TheOwnershouldincludethese
standardsintheOPR.
3.2.2StandardsinthisGuide
Thefollowingstandardsshouldbeusedwhenapplyingthisguide.WheretheOwneralreadyhas
OrganizationalStandardsandOPRsorotheragencyspecificrequirementsthatreferencethese
standardsormodifythem,thosestandardsshouldbeusedinconjunctionwiththeguidanceprovided
here.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatestedition
(includinganyamendments)applies.
TheNationalBIMStandardUnitedStates(NBIMSUS)Version3(V3),developedbytheNational
InstituteofBuildingSciencesbuildingSMARTalliance,containscoreconsensusapprovedstandards
regardingtheexchangeofinformationandstandardpracticesforimplementingBIMonaproject.In
additiontoNBIMSUSV3,thebuildingSMARTInternationalhasdevelopedmultipleopeninformation
exchangestandards.Allinformationexchangesthatrequireanopen,standardformatshouldcomply
withtheinformationexchangestandardsapprovedwithinNBIMSUSV3orapprovedby
buildingSMARTInternational.Thecurrentapprovedinformationexchangestandardsinclude:
ConstructiontoOperationsBuildinginformationexchange(COBie)(NBIMSUSV3)
DesigntoSpatialProgramValidation(SPV)(NBIMSUSV3)
DesigntoQuantityTakeoffforCostEstimating(NBIMSUSV3)
DesigntoBuildingEnergyAnalysis(BEA)(NBIMSUSV3)
BuildingProgramminginformationexchange(BPie)(NBIMSUSV3)
ElectricalSysteminformationexchange(Sparkie)(NBIMSUSV3)
Heating,VentilationandAirConditioninginformationexchange(HVACie)(NBIMSUSV3)
WaterSysteminformationexchange(WSie)(NBIMSUSV3)
IFC2x3CoordinationView(NBIMSUSV3)(http://www.buildingsmart
tech.org/downloads/viewdefinitions/coordinationview/sub
schema/CoordinationView_V20_EntityList_IFC2x3_Version16_Final.pdf)
ThesestandardsareavailableatnocostontheNBIMUSV3website,
https://www.nationalbimstandard.org[loginrequired]
ApprovedbybuildingSMARTInternationalbutnotyetincludedinNBIMSUSV3are:
IFC4ReferenceView(buildingSMARTInternational)
www.buildingsmarttech.org/specifications/ifcviewdefinition/ifc4referenceview7
IFC4DesignTransferView(buildingSMARTInternational)
http://www.buildingsmarttech.org/specifications/ifcviewdefinition/ifc4designtransfer
view8
TheNBIMSUSV3alsooutlinesastandardprocedureforthedevelopmentanddocumentationofa
BIMPxP.(SeeNBIMSUSV3,Section5.3:BIMProjectExecutionPlanningGuide.)TheProjectBIM
Teamshouldfollowthisstandardplanningapproachanddocumentformat.
NBIMSUSV3alsooutlinesbyreferencecommoninformationclassificationsdefinedwithinthe
OmniClasstables.Whenapplicable,theseinformationclassificationtablesshouldbeusedtomaintain
standardinformationterminologyandclassifications.

InadditiontoNBIMSUSV3,thereareotherimportantstandardsthatshouldbeconsidered,
includingISO16739:2013,9whichoutlinesthedataschemafortheIndustryFoundationClasses,an
opendataschemaforstoringinformationregardingabuildingproject.TheUnitedStatesNationalCAD
Standard(NCS)Version6(V6)shouldalsobeusedtoensurethatthefinaldesigndocumentation
complieswithstandards.
Thesestandardssometimescancoversimilarsubjectareas.Whileareasofoverlaporconflictshould
beidentifiedintheBIMPxP,itispossibleforinconsistenciesbetweenthedocumentstocometolight
duringtheproject.Intheseinstances,theProjectBIMManagershouldbenotifiedimmediately.In
response,theProjectBIMManagershoulddetermine,inconsultationwiththeOwnerandother
stakeholders,whichdocumentwilltakeprecedenceorwhetheramendmentsarerequired.
WhereanOPRisuniqueanditsOrganizationStandardsdifferoraremorestringentthantheminimum
requirementsestablishedbyreferencingtheNBIMSUS,theNBIMSUSanditsreferencedstandards
shouldbeformallyextended,modified,andsupplementedbyclearandspecificlanguageinthe
Owner'scontractswithotherstakeholders.
3.2.3OpenStandardsFormatforSupportingInformation
Toensurethelifecycleuseofbuildinginformation,informationsupportingcommonindustry
deliverablesshouldbeprovidedinopenstandards,alongwiththeirnativefileformatswhere
applicable.TheformatsusedshouldbespecifiedintheBIMPxPandshouldincludethefollowing
standardsasappropriate:
IndustryFoundationClass(IFC),ModelViewDefinition(MVD)formats.Threemostcommonly
usedmodelviewsare:CoordinationView,COBie,andGSADesigntoSpatialProgram
Validation10.
Additionalopenstandardformats,suchasgbXML11.

Forthosecontractdeliverableswhoseopenstandardformatshavenotyetbeenfinalized,the
deliverableshouldbeprovidedinamutuallyagreeduponformatthatallowsthereuseofbuilding
informationoutsidethecontextoftheproprietaryBIMsoftware.
3.3SPACEANDGRAPHICALSTANDARDS
Commentary:
Thissectionidentifiesstandardsandrequirementsforgraphicaloutputand/orpaperprinting.
3.3.1OwnerSpecifiedGuidelinesandStandards
TheOwnershouldspecifyanyadditionalguidelinesandstandardsfordrawingsandspaces.Roomsand
spacesshouldadheretotheformatasdefinedtherein.12
3.3.2Drawing
TheUnitedStatesNationalCADStandard(NCS)shouldbeincorporatedbyreference.Graphical
outputfromBIMshouldcomplywiththeNCSpertheclarificationsoutlinedinitsBIMImplementation
Section.SheetsetsshouldbeorganizedandnumberedpertheNCS.Allannotationsymbol
requirementsthereinshouldbeadheredto.
3.3.3SheetLayout
InadditiontothesheetlayoutrequirementsintheNCS,allsheetsshouldmaintainaconsistentsize
andorientationthroughouttheset.Titleblockbordersshouldmaintainthesamepositioningoneach
sheettoallowforoverlayandappropriateprintingoftheextentsofthesheet.
3.3.4Areas/Rooms/Spaces
Identifyingtagsandschedulesforareas,rooms,andspacesshouldcomplywiththeNCS.
3.3.5DigitalDocumentationandArchiving
Copiesofallapprovedsubmittalsandotherdocumentsnormallyprovidedintraditionalpaperbased
formatsshouldbeprovidedPortableDocumentFormat(PDF)format,orotheropenelectronic
documentformat.DocumentsauthoreddirectlybytheProjectBIMTeamshouldbetransformedto
PDFtoallowsearchingofthedocumentsandselectionoftextwithinthedocument.Documents
authoredbyothers,butusedbytheProjectBIMTeam(suchasmanufacturerproductdatasheets),
shouldbeprovidedasPDFsmadeavailablebythemanufacturer.IfnotavailableasPDFsfromtheir
authors,thedocumentsshouldbescannedtocreatePDFdocuments.PDFsshouldcomplywiththe
followingISOStandards:
ISO190053(2012):DocumentmanagementElectronicdocumentfileformatforlongterm
preservationPart3:UseofISO320001withsupportforembeddedfiles(PDF/A3).13
ISO320001(2008):DocumentmanagementPortabledocumentformatPart1:PDF1.7.14

PDFsofconstructiondocumentsshouldcomplywiththeGuidelineforConstructionPDFDocuments15
availablefromtheConstructionPDFCoalition.Additionally,theConstructionPDFCoalitionprovidesa
webformforcustomizingtherequirementsonitswebsite.
3.4FILESTRUCTURE
WellrunBIMPxPandprojectdatahavewelldefinedprojectfilenamingandfolderorganization
standards.ThefolderstructureshouldbedefinedinthePxP.Theprojectfilesharingsystemshould
havethehighlevelbranchesofthefolderstructureprepopulatedinthesystematthebeginningof
theproject.
Sincerecorddocumentswillbedistributedthroughthefoldersystem,theprojectfolderorganization
shouldalignwiththedivisionofresponsibilitiesofthestakeholders.Itisbeneficialtoestablishafile
permissionstrategyonthesharedfoldersystem,whereonlyappropriateorganizationsintheproject
havewritepermissionswithintheirassignedfolders,andtheremainderoftheteamhasreadonly
permission.Atthehighestlevel,thefoldersystemshouldbecontrolledbytheprojectadministration.
Filenamingconventionssimilarlyareneededtoestablishcoherencyofprojectdocumentationand
simplifyhighlevelunderstandingofthefilecontents.Thefilenamingsystemmayidentifyasetofdata
fieldstobecontainedinthefilename.Atypicalfilestandardwillestablishaclearorderonfilename
attributeswithareserveddelimitersuchasunderscore(_)toidentifythedivisionsbetweenfields.The
NCSprovidesaproposednamingconventionforfiles,includingstandardcontractdocuments
https://www.nationalcadstandard.org/ncs6/
3.4.1OwnerSpecifiedRequirements
TheprojectshouldcomplywithanyOwnerspecifiedplatformrequirements.Thefollowingsectionsare
providedasexamplesforOwnerswhodonothavepredefinedrequirements.Regardlessofthe
requirementsused,thenamingconventionsshouldbeconsistent.
3.4.2FolderNaming
Foldernamesshouldbenumberedoralphabetizedtocontrolorder.Foldernamesshouldbeclear
indicatorsastowhatthefoldercontains(e.g.,afolderforModelscouldbenamed07_Models).
3.4.3FileNaming
Filenamesshouldcontainadisciplinedesignator(suchasAforArchitectural)asdefinedintheNCS.
CustomnamingschemashouldbeclearlydocumentedintheBIMPxP.
Sheetfilenames(regardlessoffileformat,suchasPDF)shouldcomplywithNCS,unless
otherwisedictatedorallowedbytheOwner.Ataminimum,theyshouldincludethesheet
number(e.g.,A101.PDF)
Modelfilenamesshouldcontaindisciplinedesignatorwithinthename,asoutlinedintheNCS
(e.g.,AFP01.ext).

3.4.4ComponentNamingConventions
ThenamingconventionsusedforthefollowingshouldbedocumentedintheBIMPxP:e.g.
Systems/Elements/Objects/Components/Parameters.
3.4.5SubmittalPackage
Allfilesshouldbeorganizedandstoredinanappropriatelynamedfolderaspartofthesubmittal
package.Thesubmittalpackageshouldcontainthedeliverablesasoutlinedinthisdocument,theBIM
PxP,andtheprojectcontract(s).Thesubmittalpackageshouldalsocontainanysupport,source,
reference,and/orlinkedfilesnecessarytomaintainfileintegrity.
3.4.6FileSharing
TheOwnershouldrequirethattheteamuseamodelsharingsystem.IftheOwnerdoesnotdesignate
asystem,thentheProjectBIMManagershouldprovideamodelsharingsystemforthesharingof
individualandmergedmodels.Themodelsharingsystemshouldconsider:
ProjectBIMTeamaccess,includingrealtimeaccessandsynchronizationofmodels
Automatedversioningofmodels
Datasecurity
Maintenanceandarchivingofthepreviousmodelversions
Permissionbasedaccessforeachteammembertouploadtheirmodels
3.4.7DataTransmittalRequirements
Ataminimum,alltransmitteddatashouldincludethefollowingprintedonthemediaorincludedas
metadataasapplicablepermediatype(i.e.,CD/DVDwouldhaveprintedlabels,whereasmodelfiles
wouldincludemetadata):
Projecttitle
Projectlocation
Contractnumber
Designer(s)ofrecordand/orcontactor(s)(generalorsub)
Classificationsforthedata(i.e.,sensitive,classified,etc.)
Contentsofthetransmittal,includingdatecreated,datemodified,version,etc.
Authorand/orresponsibleindividual
Recipient(s)
AnyadditionalinformationrequiredbytheOwneroridentifiedintheBIMPxPshouldbeincluded.
3.5MODELSTRUCTURE
Modelstructuredefinesthehighestlevelofdecomposition(breakdownintocomponentparts)ofthe
digitalmodel(s).ModelstructureshouldalignwiththeOwner'sProjectRequirements(OPR)and
selectedBIMUses,asdefinedinNBIMSV3Section5.9:TheUsesofBIM.
If,fortechnologicallimitationsorworksharerequirements,themodelmustbedecomposedtoa
structurebelowasinglebuilding,theneachmodelshouldbeclearlydenotedasaportionofabuilding,

andonecompositemodelperbuildingshouldbeprovidedforeachdeliverable.Separatemodelles
(i.e.,disciplinespecicorseparatedbylevel,etc.)areinsufficientasafinaldeliverable.Aholistic
compositemodelisnecessary,evenifthecompositemodelisonlyusedasacontainerforlinksand/or
references(i.e.,ameansofpackagingallrelatedlesfordelivery).
ThemodelstructureshouldbeclearlydefinedintheBIMPxP.
3.6MODELREQUIREMENTS
TheOwnershoulddeveloporadopt/adaptwelldefinedcontractrequirementstoensuretheproject
modeldatarequirementsaremet.TheBIMContractRequirementsshouldaddressmodel
requirementssuchasmodelingresponsibility,themodelingprocess,minimummodelcontents,Facility
Datatobecaptured,andLevelofDevelopment(LOD).BecauseproperBIMplanningatproject
inceptionisimperativetosuccessanddemandsthoroughunderstanding,itisrecommendedthatthe
OwnerprocuretheservicesofaspecializedBIMconsultantoridentifyoneofthecontractedpartiesto
assistinidentifyinganddefiningthemodel/modelingrequirements.
Alternatively,theOwnercouldconsiderfollowingtheexampleofsuccessfulOwnerimplementationof
BIMrequirementswithinNBIMSUSV3,Section5.8:PracticalBIMContractRequirements,which
outlinesBIMContractRequirementsdevelopedbytheUnitedStatesArmyCorpsofEngineers(USACE)
toensureconsistentandusableBIMprojectdeliverablesandBIMprocess.TheseBIMContract
RequirementsconsistofContractLanguage,aProjectExecutionPlan(PxP)Template,andaMinimum
ModelingMatrix(M3).16
IftheUSACEM3isadaptedforuse,itshouldreflecttheOwnersparticularrequirementsand
objectives,specificallyintheInstructions(Tab2),Phasing(Tab3),andModelElementLOD/Grade
goals.Oncethetemplateiscomplete,thetablesshouldberestrictedtoreadonlyfortheproject
(unlessprojectspecificvariationsarespecificallydesiredandpermittedinthecontract).
ItshouldbeunderstoodthatwithanyBIMContractRequirementsdevelopedoradoptedand
adaptedtheremaybeaninformationgapbetweenwhatisrequiredforthefinalBIMdeliverablesto
theOwnerandwhatisrequiredforeachteammembertoperformtheirrequiredand/or
recommendedBIMUse.ItistheresponsibilityoftheindividualmembersoftheProjectBIMTeamto
providetheinformationnecessaryfortheprojectsselectedBIMUses.
Generally,BIMshouldincludethenecessaryprocessandcontenttoproduceaccurateconstruction
documents(e.g.,plans,elevations,sections,schedules,andintegratedspecifications)andRecord
Modelprojectdata(e.g.,equipment,manufacturer,andmodelnumber).
3.6.1ModelingResponsibility
ProjectstakeholdersmodelingresponsibilitiesshouldbeclearlydefinedwithintheBIMPxP.Each
modelelementshouldbeassignedtoaModelElementAuthor(MEA)andacorrespondingLODforthe
elementclearlydefined;consequently,eachMEAisrequiredtoprovidetheelementsattheLOD
specifiedintheBIMPxPoracorrespondingLODworksheet.EachMEAisresponsibleforattachingany
dataormetadatatothemodelelementsasrequiredbythecontract,BIMPxP,orasneededto
facilitatetheprojectsselectedBIMUses.

ModelelementsaremosttypicallyassignedtoaMEAthatalsohasthedesignorconstruction
responsibilityoftheelement.Forexample,astructuralengineerormodeleristypicallytheMEAfor
structuralslabsduringthedesignphase.Modelsaretypicallydividedbydisciplineortrade.Assuch,it
isimportantthatnotonlytheMEAisidentifiedforanygivenelementbutalsothemodelinwhichthe
elementistoreside.Whiletheremaybeaduplicationofsomeelementsacrossmultiplemodels,an
MEAandLODworksheetidentifiesthesourceresponsiblefortheinformationand,therefore,that
sourceisconsideredtobeaccurateandreliable.
3.6.2ModelingProcess
Theprojectparticipantsshouldfullyimplementindustryandsoftwarevendoridentifiedbestpractices
andworkflowsforallaspectsofmodeling.Theseinclude,butarenotlimitedto,using3Dgeometryfor
representingphysicalcharacteristicsofprojectandfacilitycomponentsandelements,usingrelevant
objectcategorieswhenpossible,addingsufficientattributeinformationtoelements,followingproper
namingconventionsforalllevelsandtypesofdataandmetadata,andsettingupsharedresourcesand
parameterstoenableautomaticdisplayorextractionofmodelinformationtootherformats(e.g.,
scheduleortabularformats).
Modelelementsshouldbeusedtoproducerepresentationsshowningraphicallegendsandshould
matchthegraphicalrepresentationsshowninotherviewsanddrawings.Modelelementsrequiringa
hostorconnectiontosomeothercomponentshouldbedonewithinthesamemodelwhenever
possible(e.g.,adoorisnotfreestandingbutrequiresawallasitshost,sobothdoorandwallshould
resideinthesamemodel).Considerationshouldbegiventohowprojectphasing,displayofcontentby
otherdiscipline/trademodels,andworkflowsorfeaturesassociatedwithspecificsoftwarewillbe
executed.TheoverallprocessutilizedshouldbedocumentedintheBIMPxP.
Modelingprocessrequirementsshouldnotbeoverlyprescriptive,butthegeneralandminimum
expectationsshouldbeestablishedandresponsibilitiesclearlydefinedaspartoftheBIMPxP.
Generally,themodelingprocessandresponsibilitiesshouldinclude:
UseofastandardizedclassificationsystemorganizedaccordingtoNBIMSUSSection2.5:
OmniClassTable21Elements
UseofIFCcompliantsoftware(withinoneversionofthelatestcertificationavailable)
UseofBIMsoftware(withinonereleaseversionofthelatestavailable)thatiscapableof
meetingtheOPRperprojectspecificselectedBIMUses
Useoftheappropriatetool(s)withintheBIMsoftwareselectedtocreateordocumentthe
buildingelementbeingrepresented
Themodel(s)shouldremaincurrentandrepresentdesignintent.TheProjectBIMTeamshould
updatethemodel(s)withanyrevisionsasrequiredtocompletethework,orataminimum,at
eachprojectmilestone.
TheProjectBIMTeamshoulddocumentthechoiceofplatformintheBIMPXP.
Whilethemodelingprocessandcorrespondingmodelsmayvaryperproject,thefollowinggraphicis
anexampleoftypicalmodelprogressionacrossprojectphasesandcouldserveasaninformationflow
mapforanOwnerimplementingBIMrequirements.

Figure3.LifecycleModelRequirements:ASampleProcess
ProjectBIMTeammembersshoulduseBIMapplication(s)andsoftware(s)todevelopanddocument
theproject.DesignprofessionalsshouldcreatetheDesignIntentModel(s)andusethemtoproduce
accurateconstructiondocuments.ConstructionprofessionalsshouldusetheDesignIntentModel(s)
andtheconstructiondocumentsasastartingpointfordevelopingtheModel(s).Similarlyasthe
ConstructionModel(s)areprogressedduringconstruction,theyserveasthebasisforProjectData
(whichoftentimesincludestabularortextualbasedinformation).Alsoduringconstruction,thevarious
ConstructionModel(s)combinetodevelopanAsBuiltmodelthatcapturesmoredetailedconstruction
conditions(e.g.,tradespecificfabricationmodels).Astheprojectprogresses,theAsBuiltModel
alongwiththecontinualstreamofprojectcorrespondenceandinformationbacktotheDesign
professionalsfacilitatestheupdateoftheDesignIntentModel(s)intoaRecordModel.The
constructionmodeltypicallyhashighlydetailedcomponentsthatarenotalwaysanefficientsourceof
informationforoperationsandmaintenance;hencetheRecordModelisdevelopedfromtheDesign
IntentModeltoprovidealightweightmodel.Ingeneral,theRecordModel,alongwiththeAsBuilt
ModelandProjectData,providesfacilitiesmanagementpersonnelwithvaryingdegreesofinformation
inmultipleformatstobestsupportFMusesandactivities.
3.6.3ModelContents
Modelsandcorrespondingelementsorsubelementsshouldbemodeledatfullscale(1:1)usingactual
(notnominal)dimensions.Modelsshouldincludeallcontentnecessarytomeettherequirementsin
theBIMPxP.FurthercontentmaybespecifiedintheBIMLOD.Generalconsiderationsformodel
contentrequirementsincludethefollowing:
Modelsshouldincludeallsystemcomponentsandconnectionpointstoutilitiesand/or
components,whethersiteorbuildingrelated.Thesecomponentsshouldincludeallinformation

parametersandannotationsrequiredtoproduceaccuratedrawings,details,schedules,and
sheets.
AllFurniture,Fixtures,&Equipment(FFE)shouldbeproperlyidentifiedbymake,model
number,andbuilding/department/roomorspaceinwhichitresides.
Clearancezonesrequiredforcodecompliance,access(suchasneededforequipment,hatches,
andpanels),safety,maintenance,gaugereading,andotheroperationsshouldbemodeled.
Anyrequiredlayerofthesystems,forexample,insulation,doublelayeredsystems,or
enclosuresshouldbemodeled.
3.6.4ProjectData
TheProjectBIMTeamshoulddevelopProjectDataforallelementsthatmakeupthemodel(e.g.
doors,airhandlers,electricalpanels,etc.).ThisProjectDatashouldincludeallmaterialdefinitionsand
attributesthatarenecessaryfortheprojectplanning,design,construction,andoperations.All
elementsshouldbeassignedtheproperclassificationandcategory.Alllifesafetyandfireprotection
componentsandsystemsshouldbeclearlyidentifiedassuch.MinimumProjectDatarequirements
shouldbeidentifiedintheBIMPxP.
3.6.5LevelofDevelopment(LOD)
TheOwnershoulddefinethedesiredLODforBIMcontentthatenablestheprojectsspecific
organizationalandprojectgoals.TheOwnermayelecttoreferenceanLODstandardholisticallyforall
modelcontent,orrequireaspecificLODpermodelormodelelementandbydiscipline,trade,and/or
phase.WhenimplementinganLOD,theOwnercanusethedefaultLOD,atemplateLOD,ordevelopa
customLOD.ItshouldbeunderstoodthatBIMcannotbesuccessfullyaccomplishedwithoutsomeLOD
definedforeachmodeldeliverable,whichistypicallyrecordedinaspreadsheetorworksheet.In
general,thestandardLODdefinitionsaredefinedintheBIMForumLODSpecification2015,whichis
availableaspartofNBIMSUSV3.17
DefaultLOD:IftheOwnerelectstoreferenceanexistingLODwithoutmakingmodifications,useofthe
USACEMinimumModelingMatrix(M3)isrecommended,asitdefinesaminimumLODofelementsfor
adesignmodelandaRecordModeldeliverable.
TemplateLOD:SeveralLODtemplatesareavailabletotheOwner,butitisrecommendedthatthe
Owneruseanationallyrecognizedform.TheOwnermayadapttheUSACEM318,usetheAIAG202
2013document19,orimplementthePennStateUniversityModelElementMatrix20orthePSUProject
ExecutionPlanningGuide.21Alternatively,theOwnermayelecttousetheworksheetprovidedwiththe
BIMForumLODSpecification2015ModelElementMatrix.
CustomLOD:Ownersmayelecttodevelophis/herownLODMatricesidentifyingLODandmodel
elementauthorsformodelsormodelelements.OwnersshouldadheretotheBIMForumLOD
Specification2015definitionstoavoidconfusionamongtheProjectBIMTeammembers.
Ataminimum,BIMcontentshouldbedevelopedtoanadequateleveltosupport:
Establishmentandcommunicationofdesignintent

Necessarycontentforconstructiondocuments
OverallBIMrequirementsdevelopedbytheOwner
OptionalBIMrequirementsfromthisGuidechosenbytheOwner
EssentialBIMUsesasidentifiedinSection4.2.2ofthisdocument
EnhancedBIMUsesthattheOwnerselectsfromSection4.2.3ofthisdocument
AdditionaldataandmetadatanecessarytoachieveadditionalBIMUsesasdocumentedinthe
BIMPxP
Insummary,diligenceshouldbegivenduringprojectplanningtoselectappropriateBIMUsesand
developadetailedBIMPxP,asthesearetheimpetusfordeterminingandassigninganadequateLOD.

4. EXECUTION
Commentary:
TheBIMPxPshouldbedevelopedtoprovideamasterinformation/datamanagementplanandassignmentofroles
andresponsibilitiesformodelcreationanddataintegrationatprojectinitiation.TheteammembersandOwner
shouldjointlyagreeonhow,when,why,towhatlevel,andforwhichprojectoutcomesBIMwillbeused.
Inthoseprojectswhereconstructioninformationisavailableduringthedesignphase,theBIMPxPwouldaddress
bothdesignandconstructionactivities.TheBIMPxPshouldbeconsideredalivingdocumentandshouldbe
continuallydevelopedandrefinedthroughouttheprojectdevelopmentlifecycle.

4.1BIMProjectExecutionPlan(PxP)
BIMProjectExecutionPlanningisaprocessperformedbyaProjectBIMTeamtodesigntheexecution
strategyforimplementingBIMontheproject.Thefinalproductoftheexecutionplanningprocessisa
documentedBIMProjectExecutionPlan(PxP).22TomaximizetheeffectivenessofBIM,theexecution
planshouldbedesignedintheearlystagesofaprojectandfocusonthedecisionsrequiredtodefine
thescopeofBIMimplementationontheproject,identifyprocessimpactsofusingBIM,definethe
teamcharacteristicsneededtoachievethemodeling,andquantifythevaluepropositionforthe
appropriatelevelofmodelingatthevariousstagesintheprojectlifecycle.
4.1.1DevelopmentoftheBIMPxP
TheBIMPxP,createdearlyintheproject,shouldbeconsideredalivingdocumentthatevolves
throughouttheproject.TheBIMPxPshouldbedevelopedandrefinedbytheProjectBIMTeamto
documentthecollaborativeprocessofhowBIMwillbeexecutedthroughouttheprojectlifecycle.
TheinitialversionoftheBIMPxPshouldbedevelopedbytheProjectBIMManager,assistedbythe
OwnerandtheProjectBIMTeam(asreferencedinNBIMSUSV3,Section5.4),todetailtheBIM
requirementsfortheproject.ItshouldbesubmittedforapprovaltotheOwner.
TheBIMPxPshouldberefinedbytheentireProjectBIMTeamasdesignprogresses.Ifacontractoris
notprocuredforpreconstructionservices,thedesignteamandOwnershoulddevelopthe
collaborativeBIMPxPandcoordinatewiththecontractorwhenthecontractorisprocured.
TheBIMPxPshouldbereviewedandcoordinatedwiththeentireProjectBIMTeampriorto
constructionandsubmittedtotheOwnerforfinalapproval.TheBIMPxPshouldbereviewedwith
specialtycontractorspriortoexecutionoftheircontracts.AnyrevisionstotheBIMPxPshouldbe
submittedtotheOwnerforfinalapproval.
TheProjectBIMTeamshouldusethePxPtemplateintheNBIMSUSV3,Section5.4:BIMPxP
Content,whichidentifiestheminimumBIMrequirementstodevelopanacceptableBIMPxP.ThePxP
shouldspecifyhowdifferentversionsofthemodelwillbestoredandretrievedastheproject
progresses.


4.2BIMUses
Commentary:
BIMUsescanbebroadlycategorizedintoauthoringtools,auditingtools,andanalytictools.Someapplications
aredesignedorwrittentoaddressasingletask.Otherusesarewrittentoperformmultipletasksandareoften
referredtoasintegratedsoftwaretools.TheBIMUseslistedbelowcanbeeithersingletaskapplicationsorbe
partofintegratedsoftwaretools.
BIMUsesfocusedonsingletasksshouldbeinteroperablewiththeotherBIMUsesusedonaproject.
Interoperabilityistheabilityofdiversesystemsandorganizationstoworktogether(interoperate).
Interoperabilitycanbeusedinatechnicalsystemsengineeringsense,orinabroadersense,includingsocial,
political,andorganizationalfactorsthataffectsystemtosystemperformance.
InteroperableBIMUsesaresoftwareprogramsdesignedtousetheinputsandoutputsofotherBIM
applicationstoperformthetaskandgeneratetheoutputthattheBIMUsebeingappliedwasdesignedto
perform.Interoperablesoftwarereducestheamountoftimerequiredtomanuallyexchangeinformationand
inputitintosingletasksoftware.Italsominimizestheriskofdatatransfererrorsoftencausedbymanual
informationexchangemethods.
4.2.1BIMUseDefinition
ABIMUseisamethodofapplyingBuildingInformationModelingduringafacility'slifecycletoachieve
oneormorespecificobjectives.23ThenatureofBIMtechnologyallowsdifferentOwnerstousethe
modelinmultipleways,dependingontheirprojectsspecificneeds.Astheprojectmovesfromphase
tophase,theinformationcontainedwithintheBIMgrowsinbothquantityandspecificity.

Figure4.MinimumBIMExample

BIMUsesarecharacterizedinthisGuideasEssentialBIMUses,EnhancedBIMUses,andOwner
RelatedUsesofBIM.ThebriefdefinitionsbelowhavebeenextractedandenhancedfromtheBIM
ProjectExecutionPlanningGuideandtheBIMPlanningGuideforFacilityOwners.BIMUsesshouldbe
consideredandalignedwithprojectgoals,selectedbasedonaddedvaluetotheOwner,andclearly
documentedintheBIMPxP.Thisguideusesthetermbuildinggenerically,inkeepingwiththe
terminologyofBuildingInformationModeling.Itisintendedtoapplytoinformationmodelingfor
thebuiltenvironment:siteelementsandfacilitiesaswellasbuildings.
4.2.2EssentialBIMUses
ThefollowingBIMUsesshouldbeappliedonallprojects:
ExistingConditions:AprocessinwhichtheProjectBIMTeamdevelopsamodel(geometryand
information)oftheexistingconditionsforasite,facilitiesonasite,oraspecificareawithina
facility.Thismodelcanbedevelopedinmultipleways,dependingonwhatisdesiredandwhat
ismostefficient.Oncethemodelisdeveloped,itcanbequeriedforinformationandcanbe
modified.

DesignAuthoring:AprocessinwhichsoftwareisusedtodevelopaBIMofthedesign.Design
authoringtoolsareafirststeptowardimplementingBIM,andthekeyisintegratingthe
geometricrepresentationofelementsinthemodelwithelementproperties.Construction
drawingsshouldbeproducedfromandremainconsistentwiththemodels.
DesignReview:Aqualitymanagementprocessinwhichamodelisusedtoallowstakeholders
toverifywhetherthedesignmeetstheOPRandtovisualizecriteriasuchaslayout,sightlines,
lighting,security,ergonomics,acoustics,texturesandcolors,etc.Virtualmockupcanbedone
inhighdetail,evenonapartofthebuilding,suchasthefaade,toquicklyanalyzedesign
alternativesandsolvedesignandconstructabilityissues.Ifproperlyexecuted,thesereviews
canresolvedesignissues.
Coordination:Aprocessinwhichmodelelementscanbeorganizedandcoordinated,andclash
detectionsoftwarecanbeusedtoidentifyconflictsbetweenmodelelementswithintheBIM.

RecordModeling:Aprocessinwhichamodelcontainsanaccuratedepictionofthephysical
andfunctionalconditionsandenvironmentofafacilityanditsassetsatapointintime.With
thecontinuousupdatingandimprovementoftheRecordModelandthecapabilitytostore
moreinformation,themodelcontainsatruedepictionofspacewithalinktoinformation,such
asserialcodes,warranties,andmaintenancehistoryofallthecomponentsinthebuilding.
Eventually,theRecordModelalsocontainsinformationlinkingprebuildrequirementstoas
builtconditions.ThisallowstheOwnertomonitortheprojectrelativetotheOPR.
4.2.3EnhancedBIMUses
CostEstimating:Aprocessinwhichamodelcanbeusedtogenerateanaccuratequantitytake
offandcostestimateearlyinthedesignprocessandprovidecosteffectsofadditionsand

modifications,withthepotentialtosavetimeandmoneyandavoidbudgetoverruns.This
processalsoallowsdesignerstoseethecosteffectsofdesignmodificationsinatimely
manner.24

Phaseand4DPlanning:Aprocessinwhichafourdimensional(4D)model(amodelwiththe
addeddimensionoftime)isusedtoeffectivelyplanthephasedoccupancyinarenovation,or
toshowtheconstructionsequenceandspacerequirementsforlaydownareasandtemporary
constructiononabuildingsite.4Dmodelingisapowerfulvisualizationandcommunication
toolthatcangiveaProjectBIMTeamabetterunderstandingofprojectmilestonesand
constructionplans.(SeealsoConstructionSystemsDesign).

SiteAnalysisDevelopment:AprocessinwhichBIMandGIStoolsareusedtoevaluate
propertiesinagivenareatodeterminethemostoptimalsitelocationforafutureproject.The
sitedatacollectedisusedtofirstselectthesiteandthenpositionthebuildingbasedonthe
OPR.

SiteUtilizationForConstruction:(SeePhaseand4DPlanning).

DigitalFabrication:Aprocessthatusesmachinetechnologytoprefabricateobjectsdirectly
fromamodel.Themodelisusedasinputintomanufacturingandfabricationequipmentfor
productionofcomponents,systems,andassemblies.
3DLocationandLayout:Aprocessthatutilizesamodeltolayoutthebuildingassembliesand
produceliftdrawings,whicharethetwodimensional(2D)/threedimensional(3D)component
drawingsusedbyforepersonsduringsiteconstruction.
EngineeringAnalysis:Theintegratedand/orinteroperabletoolsthatallowtheuseofthe
physicalandmaterialpropertiesofprojectelements,assemblies,andsystemswithinthemodel
forengineeringanalysis,simulation,anddocumentation.Examplesincludestructural
engineering,energyanalysis,daylighting,HVAC,plumbing,fireprotection,lifesafety,and
electricalsystemsdesignanddocumentation.

SustainabilityAnalysis:Theintegratedand/orinteroperabletoolsthatallowtheuseofthe
physicalandmaterialpropertiesofbuildingelements,assemblies,andsystemswithinthe
modelfordevelopingsustainabledesignelements.Examplesincludedocumentingsustainable
featuresandattributesanddocumentingsustainablefeaturesforcompliancewithbuilding
ratingsystems.
CodesandStandardsCompliance:Aprocessinwhichvalidationsoftwareisusedtocheckthe
modelparametersagainstapplicablecodesandstandards.Codeandstandardvalidationis
currentlyinitsinfantstageofdevelopmentwithintheUnitedStatesandisnotinwidespread
use.However,asmodelcheckingtoolscontinuetodevelopcodeandstandardcompliance
softwarewithmorecodesandstandards,validationshouldbecomemoreprevalentwithinthe

designindustry.Examplesmayincludebuildingcodecompliance,energycodecompliance,
accessibilitycompliance,etc.

ConstructionSystemsDesign:Aprocesstodesignandanalyzethecontemporarysystems(e.g.
formwork,glazing,tiebacks,etc.).
4.2.4OwnerRelatedBIMUses
AssetManagement:AprocessinwhichprojectdataislinkedtoaRecordModeltoaidinthe
maintenanceandoperationofafacilityanditsassets.Theseassets,consistingofthephysical
building,systems,surroundingenvironment,andequipment,mustbemaintained,upgraded,
andoperatedatanefficiencythatwillsatisfyboththeOwnerandusersinthemostcost
effectivemanner.

DisasterPlanningandManagement:Aprocessinwhichemergencyrespondershaveaccessto
criticalbuildinginformationintheformofamodelandinformationsystem.TheBIMprovides
criticalbuildinginformationtotheresponderstoimprovetheefficiencyoftheresponseand
minimizethesafetyrisks.Thedynamic(realtime)buildinginformationcouldbeprovidedby
buildingautomationsystems(BAS),lifesafety(firealarmandfireprotection),andsecurity
systems,whilethestaticbuildinginformation,suchasgeometry,floorplans,pointsofegress
andaccess,andequipmentschematics,resideinamodel.Thesesystemsareintegratedand
madeinteroperablesothatemergencyresponderscanlinktoanoverallsystem.TheBIM
coupledwiththeBAS,lifesafety,andsecuritysystemsclearlydisplayswheretheemergency
islocatedwithinthebuilding,possibleroutestothearea,andanypotentiallyhazardous
locationswithinthebuilding.

SpaceManagement:AprocessinwhichBIMisusedtoeffectivelydistribute,manage,andtrack
appropriatespacesandrelatedresourceswithinafacility.Amodelallowsthefacility
managementteamtoanalyzetheexistinguseofthespaceandeffectivelyapplytransition
planningmanagementtowardsanyapplicablechanges.Maintenanceschedulingisaprocessin
whichthefunctionalityofthebuildingstructure(walls,floors,roof,etc.).andequipment
servingthebuilding(mechanical,electrical,plumbing,etc.)aremaintainedovertheoperational
lifeofafacility.
4.3ModelDeliverables
Theprojectexecutionplanshouldclearlydefinethedeliverablesthataretobetransmittedtothe
owneratthecompletionofconstruction.Thesedeliverablesmayincludeadesignintentmodelin
bothnativeandopenstandardformat;aconstructionmodel;andoperationsandmaintenancedata
(seeFigure3).Themodelcontentforeachofthesedeliverablesshouldbeclearlydefinedwithinthe
contractdocumentsforeachresponsibleparty,aswellasintheBIMPxP.Thefollowingsections
provideadescriptionofeachdeliverable.

DesignIntentModel:TheModel(s)fromthedesignteamthatcapturestheintendeddesign.This
modelisusedforprojectBIMUseexecution,digitaldesignmockups,decisionsupport,and
coordination.TheapprovedmodelisacontractdocumentforsubmissiontotheOwnerandfor
constructionhandover.
ConstructionModel:TheModel(s)basedoncriteriathatrelatesthefacilitysfabricationand
construction.ThesemodelsaredevelopedfromtheDesignIntentModelduringconstruction
coordination.Thefilesaretypicallycombinedusingacrossplatform3Dmodelviewingsoftwareto
accommodatesubcontractorfileformatsandahigherLOD.Thisnewinformationisreviewedbythe
designteamforapproval.
AsBuiltModel:TheModel(s)capturingconditionsatthecompletionofconstruction.Itshouldbe
initiallybasedupontheDesignIntentModelandincreasinglyincorporatesprojectinformationas
constructionprogresses.
RecordModel:TheModel(s)preparedforoperationsandmaintenance.TypicallytheDesignIntent
Modelisusedasabaselineandthenisupdatedtoincorporateallthechangesduringconstruction.
Thisisintendedtobealightweightmodelwithenoughdetailtoenablefacilitiesmanagement
operationswithoutoverlydetailedelements.Thismodelmayalsoincludelaserscandata.TheRecord
Modelwillcontainaccurateattributedataonmajorequipmentandsystemsforfacilitiesmanagement
documentedintheBIMPxP.TheRecordModeltypicallyisupdatedbythedesignerfrominformation
providedbythecontractor(e.g.,digitalmarkups,photography,andlaserscans).Itmaybeused
duringcommissioningorupdatedtoreflectcommissioningdata.
OperationsandMaintenanceData:Thisdeliverableincludesassetinventorywithassetname,
classification,andlocation.Ownersshouldconsideroperationsandmaintenancedatadeliverablesto
includeattributessuchasmake,model,andserialnumberofkeycomponents.Construction
OperationsBuildinginformationexchange(COBie),isanexampleoffacilitiesdataexchange(as
referencedinNBIMSUSV3,Section4.2.)
TheProjectBIMTeamshouldprovidedeliverablesincompliancewiththephasesdescribedintheBIM
PxP.Ateachphase,theProjectBIMTeamshouldprovideawrittenreportconfirmingthatconsistency
checks,asidentifiedintheQualityManagementsectionoftheBIMPxP,havebeencompleted.This
reportshouldbediscussedaspartofthereviewprocessandshouldaddressanyidentified
interferencesandconstructabilityissues.
TheProjectBIMTeamshouldprovidetheOwnerwiththefollowing,asidentifiedintheBIMPxP:
UpdatedBIMPxP
2DdrawingdeliverablesprinteddirectlyfromthemodelinPDFformat.Documentsaretobe
stampedandsignedintraditionalpracticetocomplywiththeOwnerDesignandConstruction
Standardandlocalpermittingrequests.
ConstructionModel(s)perdiscipline

A3Dinteractivereviewformatofthemodelinthelatestversionofsoftware,asrequiredin
theBIMPxP.Thefileformatforreviewscanchangebetweensubmittals.
ConstructionSubmittals.Allconstructionsubmittals,requestsforinterpretation(RFIs),and
changeorderrequests(CORs)shouldmakeuseofthemodelforclearinterpretations.
Recordmodel(s)
Areportgeneratedfromthemodelofallassetsandattributes
Areportverifyingthemodel/modelingcompliancewithOwnerProjectDataexchange
requirements
Areportverifyingtheaccuracyofthedeliveredmodelelementsandassetattributes
Aninterference(clashdetection)checkreport
Alistofallsubmittedfiles.Thelistshouldincludeadescription,directory,andfilenamefor
eachfilesubmitted.Identifyfilesthathavebeenproducedfromthesubmittedmodeland
ProjectData.
TheBIMPxPshoulddefineadditionalmodeldeliverablesfortheproject.Deliverabledeadlinesshould
bealignedwithprojectmilestones,forexample:
SchematicDesign
DetailedDesign
ConstructionDocuments
Bid/Procure
Contract
NoticetoProceed
Construction
SubstantialCompletion
Commissioning
FinalInspection
Occupancy/OperationsandMaintenance
10MonthWarrantyReview


5. GLOSSARY
(Pleasenotethatreferencestomodelandanyrelatedrequirementsrefertoindividualmodels,such
asaparticulardiscipline/trademodel,aswellastocompositeorfederatedmodels.)
AsBuiltModel:Themodel(s)capturingconditionsatthecompletionofconstruction.Itshouldbe
initiallybasedupontheDesignIntentModelandincreasinglyincorporatesinformationasconstruction
progresses.
Attributes:descriptorsthatrepresentthecharacteristicsofelements(e.g.,name,length,weight,price,
manufacturer,model,warrantyinformation,etc.)
BIMElementMatrix:Astructurethatdefinestheelementstobemodeledforeachphaseofthedesign
andconstructionprocess.
BIMProjectExecutionPlan(PxP):AplanthatdefineshowBIMwillbeimplementedthroughoutthe
projectlifecycle.
BIMUse:AmethodofapplyingBuildingInformationModelingduringafacility'slifecycletoachieve
oneormorespecificobjectives,asdefinedbyKreider,R.,andMessner,J.I.TheUsesofBIM(2013).
PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityPark,PA.http://bim.psu.edu
BuildingInformationModel(BIM)/Model,asdefinedintheNationalBIMStandardUnitedStates
Version3:Thedigitalrepresentationofphysicalandfunctionalcharacteristicsofafacility.Assuchit
servesasasharedknowledgeresourceforinformationaboutafacility,formingareliablebasisfor
decisionsduringitslifecyclefrominceptiononwards.
ConstructionModel:Themodel(s)basedoncriteriathatrelatesthefacilitysconstruction.
ConstructionOperationsBuildinginformationexchange(COBie),asdefinedintheNationalBIM
StandardUnitedStatesVersion3:Theformatfortheexchangeofinformationaboutbuildingassets
suchasequipment,products,materials,andspaces.

DataSecurityProtocol(DSP):Adefinitionofthesecurityrequirementsfordatatobeimplementedfor
theprojectandincorporatedintotheBIMPxP.
DesignIntentModel:Themodel(s)fromthedesignteamthatcapturestheintendeddesign.

IndustryFoundationClass(IFC):TheIndustryFoundationClass(IFC)isadatastandard(specification)
maintainedbybuildingSMARTInternationalandacceptedasISOStandard16739.Itisintendedto
allowtheexchangeofbuildingandconstructionindustrydatabetweensoftwareapplications.Itisa
platformneutral,openfileformatspecificationthatisnotcontrolledbyasinglevendororgroupof
vendors.
LevelofDevelopment(LOD)(asdefinedtheBimForumwebsite,November2015):Thedegreetowhich
theelementsgeometryandattachedinformationhavebeenthoughtthroughthedegreetowhich
ProjectBIMTeammembersmayrelyontheinformationwhenusingthemodel.
Model:SeeBuildingInformationModel.
ModelElement:Aportionofthemodel(s)representingamajorcomponent,assembly,orconstruction
entity(part)which,initselforincombinationwithotherparts,fulfillsapredominatingfunctionofa
constructionentity.
ModelElementAuthor(MEA):Thepartyresponsibleforcreatingorupdatinganygivenmodel
element.
ModelViewDefinition(MVD):AnIFCViewDefinition,orModelViewDefinition,MVD,definesa
subsetoftheIFCschemathatisneededtosatisfyoneormanyexchangerequirementsofthebuilding
industry.ThemethodusedandpropagatedbybuildingSMARTtodefinesuchExchangeRequirements
istheInformationDeliveryManual,IDM(alsoISO/DIS29481).AnIFCModelViewDefinitiondefinesa
legalsubsetoftheIFCSchema(beingcomplete)andprovidesimplementationguidance(or
implementationagreements)fortheIFCconcepts(classes,attributes,relationships,propertysets,
quantitydefinitions,etc.)usedwithinthissubset.
OmniClass:Aclassificationsystemfortheconstructionindustry.
Owner:Personorentitythatrepresentsandcontrolsfinancialinterestsofaproperty,building,or
development.
OwnersPerformanceRequirements(OPR):TheOwner'swrittendocumentationofthefunctional
requirementsofthebuildingandexpectationsofhowitwillbeusedandoperated.Theyinclude
projectanddesigngoals,budgets,limitations,andschedules.

OrganizationalStandards:StandardsuniquetoeveryOwnerandincludetheOwner'swrittenpolicies,
procedures,andprocesses.TheOwnerisencouraged,whencreatinganyOrganizationalStandardsthatwill
beusedaspartofthecontractlanguage,PxPs,andOPRs,todocumenttheminwriting,especiallywhenit
comestoexpectedoutcomesanddeliverables.
PrimaryStandards:Standardswrittentypicallybylocal,national,andinternationalorganizationsand
industrygroupsbyconsentorconsensusthatestablishminimumlevelsofperformanceandqualityandare
usedforcomparativeevaluationandverificationofcompliance.PrimaryStandardsareoftenadoptedbyan
agency,organization,industry,orgovernmentbody.
ProjectData:Projectdataisthewrittenandgraphicalinformationusedtoplan,design,constructand
operatethebuilding.ItshouldincludeModelfiles(BIM,CAD);drawingfiles(CAD,electronicsheetssuchas
PDFs,and/orplotfiles);electronicmanuals;tabular/textualinformationderivedfromBIM(e.g.,
spreadsheets);andreferencefilesnecessarytosupplementotherprojectdata.
ProjectLifeCycle:Thefulldevelopmentofabuildingprojectfromconceptiontodemolition,includingfour
phases(Planning,Design,Construction,andOperations).
ProjectQualityManagement:asubsetofprojectmanagementthatincludestheactionsrequiredtoensure
thattheprojectwillsatisfytheneedsforwhichitwasundertaken.Itconsistsofqualityplanning,quality
assurance,andqualitycontrol.
ProjectBIMTeam:typicalmembersincludetheOwner,architect,engineers,contractors,subcontractors,
andotherstakeholders.TheProjectBIMTeammemberscanvarybyphase;stakeholdersorparticipants
willbeintroducedtoandleavetheProjectBIMTeamastheprojectprogressesthroughitslifecycle.
RecordModel:Themodel(s)preparedforOperationsandMaintenance.TypicallytheDesignIntentModel
isusedasabaselineandthenisupdatedtoincorporateallthechangesduringconstruction.Thisis
intendedtobealightweightmodelwithenoughdetailtoenablefacilitiesmanagementoperationswithout
overlydetailedelements.

ReferenceStandards:StandardsincludedbyreferenceinOrganizationalStandards,PrimaryStandards,and
ContractDocumentsandcarrythefullforceandeffectoftheirrequirementsasiftheirentiretexthadbeen
replicatedinfullwherereferenced.CareshouldbetakenwhenincludingReferenceStandardsinan
OrganizationalStandard,PrimaryStandard,orContractDocumenttobespecificwhethercompliancewith
theentireReferenceStandardisrequiredorwhetheronlycompliancewithcertainportionsofthe
ReferenceStandardisrequired.ReferenceStandardsnotonlyreduceaprimarydocument'ssize,butalso
improveaprimarydocumentsusefulnessandeffectivenessbyrelyingonotherstandardsdevelopment
organizationswithbettersuitedexpertiseonparticularsubjects.

6. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
TheAmericanInstituteofArchitects,AIADocumentG2022013,ProjectBuilding
InformationProtocolForm(2013).
http://www.aia.org/aiaucmp/groups/aia/documents/pdf/aiab099086.pdf

buildingSMARTInternational,IFC4DesignTransferView.http://www.buildingsmart
tech.org/specifications/ifcviewdefinition/ifc4designtransferview

buildingSMARTInternational,IFC4Reference.www.buildingsmarttech.org/specifications/ifc
viewdefinition/ifc4referenceview

ConstructionPDFCoalition,GuidelineforConstructionPDFDocuments(August2014).
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ComputerIntegratedConstructionResearchProgram.BIMProjectExecutionPlanningGuide
Version2.1.PennsylvaniaStateUniversity(2011).http://bim.psu.edu

GreenBuildingXML(gbXML)SchemaInc.,gbXMLVersion6.01(2015)http://www.gbxml.org/
InternationalPropertyMeasurementCoalition,InternationalPropertyMeasurementStandards
(2014),www.ipmsc.org

InternationalStandardOrganization,ISO16739:2013,IndustryFoundationClasses(IFC)fordata
sharingintheconstructionandfacilitymanagementindustries(2013).
http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51622

InternationalStandardOrganization,ISO190053:DocumentmanagementElectronic
documentfileformatforlongtermpreservationPart3:UseofISO320001withsupportfor
embeddedfiles(PDF/A3)(2012).
http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ISO%2019005
3:2012&source=google&adgroup=iso&gclid=CO7Zwc6X380CFYsmhgodTpIJrw

InternationalStandardOrganization,ISO320001:DocumentmanagementPortable
documentformatPart1:PDF1.7(2008).
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Kreider,R.,andMessner,J.I.TheUsesofBIM(2013).PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,University
Park,PA.http://bim.psu.edu

Levendowski,Brian,WhatIsCivilInformationModeling?CivilInformationModelingblog.
(2013).http://civilinformationmodeling.net/whatiscivilinformationmodeling

McGrawHillConstruction(DodgeData&Analytics)BusinessValueofBIMinNorthAmerica
SmartMarketReport(2012).http://analyticsstore.construction.com/index.php/2012business
valueofbiminnorthamericasmartmarketreport.htm

McGrawHillConstruction(DodgeData&Analytics),TheBusinessValueofBIMforOwners
SmartMarketReport(2014).
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l?sourcekey=presrel

NationalInstituteofBuildingSciencesbuildingSMARTalliance,NationalBIMStandard
UnitedStatesVersion3(2015).https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/

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ProjectManagementInstitute,AGuidetotheProjectManagementBodyofKnowledge
(PMBOKGuide)FifthEdition(2013).www.pmi.org.

Tice,John,BullockTiceAssociates(June2016).http://www.bulltice.com/

Tice,John,BullockTiceAssociatesBIMDONERIGHT,aBIMenabled,clientfocuseddelivery
approachandstrategy(2015).http://www.bulltice.com/

UnitedStatesArmyCorpsofEngineers,CAD/BIMTechnologyCenter(2016).
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UnitedStatesDepartmentofDefenseMilitaryHealthSystem,MHSMinimumBIM
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UnitedStatesDepartmentofVeteransAffairs,VABIMGuide(2010).va.gov/til/bim/BIMguide/

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1
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strategy(2015).http://www.bulltice.com/
2
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National Institute of
BUILDING SCIENCES
1090 Vermont Avenue, NW
Suite 700
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 289-7800
www.nibs.org

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