GrammarBook

onBaseball

ByAshleyHernandez
 1

GrammarBook Table of Contents

1. Section 1: Parts of Speech
2. Section 2: Phrases
3. Section 3: Clauses
4. Section 4 : Sentences
5. Section 5: Paragraphs
6. Section 6 : Essays
7. Section7 : Capitalization
8. Section 8 : Punctuation
9. Section 9 : Commonly Confused Words
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About the Author

My name is Ashley Hernandez and I was born in Los Angeles, California

on June 28. I am currently a junior at Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High
School and I am taking Honors Literature which is the class that has
required me to create this book. As you can probably tell Im really into
baseball, this is the subject that my book revolves around. Having an older
brother I grew up being really into sports because it was usually what we
would watch when my brother won the remote. Being from Los Angeles we
obviously rooted for the Dodgers which is why throughout the book I
mostly mention Dodger players.

Grammar Book Section 1: Parts of Speech

I. Nouns
A. Types of nouns:
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1. Common Nouns:
Ex: field, catcher, ball, stands, baseball player
2. Proper Nouns:
Ex: Clayton Kershaw, Chicago,Dodger Dogs, Vin Scully Ave
3. Compound Nouns:
Ex: Baseball, curveball, lineup, shortstop
4. Concrete Nouns:
Ex: base, helmet, bat, glove
5. Abstract Nouns:
Ex: excitement, adrenaline, ambition

B. Noun Identifiers:
1. Noun Endings:
performance brotherhood internationalism
determination capture business
save opportunity assist attitude
foul territory excellence f aster

2. Following a noun marker:

NM N NM N
The bases are loaded. A walk by the pitcher led to the bases being loaded
3. Plural Form:
helmets or jerseys
4. Possesive Form
hitters helmet or hitters helmet
5. Following a preposition
The pitcher rapidly threw the ball behind him to third base.
C. Functions
1. Subject
S V
Kershaw almost threw a no-hitter.

Kershaw almost threw a no-hitter but an error allowed the egotistical player to reach first base.
2. Direct Object
S V DO IO
Gonzalez threw the ball to second base for the out.
S adv V DO IO
Puig quickly dived for the ball to rob the hitter from a homerun.
3. Indirect Object
S V adv DO IO
Coach gave his hourly lecture to his players before the game.
S V adv DO IO
Coach gave an hourly lecture to his player after that terrible lost against their number one rival.
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4. Adverbial Object
S V AO
The field maintenance workers prepare every morning the field.
S adv AO V
The field maintenance workers before every game prepare the field for the players to practice.
5. Object of the Preposition
S V Prep OPrep
Seager ran to the base to score another run.
S adv V Prep OPrep
Seager hastily ran to the home base to tie the game in the 9th inning.
6. Subject Complement
S LV SC
Dave Roberts is the manager of a baseball team.
S LV SC
Dave Roberts is the new manager for the Los Angeles Dodgers after Mattingly left.
7. Object Complement
S V DO OC
The BBWAA elected Kershaw as the most valuable player.
S V DO OC
The BBWAA elected Kershaw as the most valuable player because of his
exceptionally great year.
Adv
8. Appositives
S APP V
Rick Honeycutt, the pitching coach, helped McCarthy with his arm rehabilitation.
Francisco Herrera, the Dodgers bat boy, finally got a chance to try-out for the team.
9. Adjectival (describes noun following it)
S V Adjvl
The Dodgers called up Jensen from the bullpen.
S V Adjvl Adv
With a 2-1 lead the Dodgers called up Jensen from the bullpen to completely end the game.
10. Noun in Direct Address
N
Scott, did you see where I left my blue lucky socks?
N
Did Roberts put you on the disabled list, Kershaw, or is it a minor injury?
11. Object of the gerund (noun that follows a gerund)
Part OPart
Losing the series to the Giants made all the Dodger fans very upset.
Part OPart
Hitting a grand slam calls for a gatorade shower.
12. Object of the participle (noun that follows a participle)
Part OPart Adv
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After Puigs grand slam, the team felt enthusiastically c onfident to win the game.
Part OPart Adv
Winning the final game against the Giants, made the players feel gladly accomplished.
13. Object of the infinitive (noun that follows an infinitive)
_inf_ Olnf
To lead the team in homers is the only thing Corey wants after his bet with Utley.
_inf_ Olnf
The Dodgers want to remain first in the NL west to have an advantage during playoffs.

II. Pronouns
1. Personal: represent specific people or things
Nominative (subjects) Objective (objects)
I/We me/us
you/you you/you
he,she,it, one/they him,her,it,one/them
Possessive
My, mine our, ours
your,yours your/yours
his, her, hers, its, ones their/theirs
S V Adv
1. Their coach expects them to be outside for batting practice every Wedneday.
S V Adv
2. Our bat boy makes sure that we always have the right helmets and bats before every game.
2. Relative: used to refer to nouns mentioned previously
Nominative Objective Possessive
who whom whose
that that of that
those/this
S V
1. Whose hat is that laying on the locker room table asked Roberts.

S V
2. Do you know who will be playing left outfielder now that Puig is injured ?

3. Interrogative: is used to make asking questions easy

Who,which,what,whatever,whoever
S V
1. Which of you jokesters spilled all the sunflower seeds on Ryus baseball sweater.
S V
2. Whoever hits two homeruns in a game between Seager and Utley wins the bet.
4. Reflexive: (personal pronouns plus the suffix -self or -selves)
Used only:
A. when the action verb is directed toward the subject of the construction:
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i. Pitchers always judge themselves more harshly during important games. Kike bought himself a
banana suit which started the evidently f amous banana rallies during games.
B. to intensify a point
Kershaw himself accomplished a no-hitter but he knows he couldnt of done it without his teams
help.

5. Demonstrative: is used to point to something specific within a sentence

this, these that, those
1. This team is in first place in the NL West right after them are the Giants.
2. That is Grandals 27th homerun, leading the team with the most homeruns this season.
6. Indefinite: does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount
1. Everyone jumped and cheered when Pederson hit a homerun to untie the game and take the
win.
2. Many Dodger fans were sad to hear this was Vin Scullys last year as an announcer.

III. Verbs
A. How verbs are identified:
1. Verb ending
Ex: bases loaded,inning, training, saves

2. Tense
1. he batted 5. I run 9.he has been pitching
2. I ran 6. we rotate players 10. he will pitch
3. he had batted 7. have you ran 11. he will have scored
4. he was pitching 8. I am batting
3. Forms:
a. Forms of to be: am, are, is, was, were, be, been, being
Ex: he is batting next, he was called out, are you on the disabled list, hell be a great pitcher
b. Forms of to do: do, does, did, done, doing
Ex: I do all the players paperwork, are you done with batting practice, he did fall, does he
have his helmet
c. Forms of to have: have, had, has, having
Ex: have you seen the new jerseys, he has fractured his hand, they're having fun in the dugout
4. Types:
a. auxiliary verbs: Joc is batting next
b. linking verbs: He was up next but the inning ended
c. lexical verbs: He was able to run to 2nd base
d. dynamic verbs: The call was overruled
e. stative verbs: Madea appreciated the good catch.
f. finitive verbs: He was waiting for someone to get a hit.
g. nonfinitive verbs: That homerun was gone
h. regular verbs: The team traveled to Arizona
i. irregular verbs: He slid into third base.
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j. transitive verbs: Puig hit the ball out of the ballpark.
k. intransitive verb: The team arrived back home after they're away game.
5. Voice: Voice is the form of the verb that indicates how it relates or interacts with the action. The
English language has two voices: Active and Passive
S V adv
Ex: Gonzalez hit the ball far out of Petco ballpark making that his 13th homerun.
S adv V
Ex: Puig had to be immediately removed from the game after he pulled his hamstring.
6. Verbals: (verb forms not used as verbs)
a. Gerund: word ending in ing or ed used as a noun.
S V adv
i. All players enjoy hitting homeruns especially during the homerun derby.
b. Participate: word ending in ing or ed used as an adjective
S V
i. Some players had to miss out on spring training due to injuries.
S V adv
ii. The bases were loaded but no one scored due to the crazily catch the outfielder made.
c. Infinitive: verb preceded by the word to (to go, to jump) used as nouns, adjectives, or
adverbs
S V
i. Puig likes to play pranks on all his teammates.
S adv V
ii. The teammates like to enjoyably shower each other in gatorde after a big win.

IV. Adjectives
Adjectives modify, describe, limit,and identify nouns and pronouns. Explain what each kind of
adjective is and answer the question below.
1. Kinds:
Demonstrative- they help indicate a noun (this,that,these and those)
S
That baseball jersey is a one of a kind.
This stadium has the best hot dogs
That catch was unbelievable
Common- Written with a capital letter
Fast ball
Empty bases
Clever play
Proper- used to explicitly and directly describe something
S
American baseball is one of the top ten popular sports.
Madea introduced Japanese traditions to his teammates.
2. Endings: What suffixes are adjectives endings?
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-al, -ary, -ful, -ic, -ical, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -ous, -y
Athletic Commentary B reathless blue-sky
Physical Hopeful Weekly
Commical Accomplish Famous
3. Conversions: How are other parts of speech converted into adjectives?
blue - blueish hope-hopeful
Athlete-athletic victory-victorious
4. Articles: What are these? How/when are they are used?
-th, -a,-an
An amazing catch
A double play
The players celebrated their win
5. Comparatives/Superlatives: What are these? How/when are they used?
Comparative- is used to compare two things
Some rookies are faster than the older guys.
Puig was standing further away from the ball than Pederson
Kershaw is taller than Either.
Superlative- is used when you compare three or more things
Dee Gordan was one of our fastest players
Puig is furthest away from the dugout.
McCarthy is the tallest player from the team.

V. Adverbs
Adverbs modify verbs,adjectives, and other adverbs.
a. Endings: -ly, -wards, -wise
1. Effortlessly caught the ball
2. Batted downwards
3. The bat broke lengthwise
b. Conversations
i. How can adjectives or verbs be converted into adverbs?
- A verb can become an adverb by adding -ly.
The call easily angered Grandal.
The 1st inning went terribly wrong .
Sadly they lost the series 2-1 against the Marlins.
c. Types: Manner, Frequency, Degree, Place, Time
Manner: tells us how something happens
Howie patiently waited for the ball.
Howie patiently waited to catch the pop-up for the final out but the sun made him lose sight of
the ball.
Time: tells us when
Tomorrow the Dodgers play against the Diamondbacks.
Tomorrow the Dodgers head to Arizona to play 4 games against the Diamondbacks.
Place: tells us where something happens
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Kershaw patiently waited in the dugout for the final out.
Kershaw was excitedly in the dugout cheering Seager on after his 2nd homerun of the night.
Degree: tells us about the intensity or degree of an action, an adjective or another adverb
He almost caught the ball.
Joc almost caught the ball but he ran into Puig leading to a triple for the batter.
Frequency: how often or how frequently something happens
Adrian is usually always on first base.
Adrian is usually always at first base but when he has a day off Segedin takes his place.
d. Conjunctive: are used to connect one clause to another
It was very gloomy, therefore, Im not surprised there was a rain delay.
He couldnt catch the homerun, as a result, the opposing team took the lead.
e. Intensifiers: strengthen the meaning of other expressions and show emphasis (absolutely,
completely, extremely, highly, rather, really, so, too, totally, utterly, very and at all)
That was an extremely dangerous dive to catch the ball by Joc.
Everyone was utterly disappointed to hear Vin Scully is leaving after this season ends.
All Dodger fans were absolutely shocked when Roberts took out Hill during his no-hitter.
f. Comparatives/Superlatives
I. What are these?
Comparative- is used to compare two things
Superlative- is used when you compare three or more things
II. How are they used?
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object)
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object)
This homerun went farther than his last.
Todays game was much more exciting than yesterdays because we won.
Madea was the closest one to the ball after the hitters bunt.
Puig looked the funniest in his cheerleader outfit compared to the rest of the rookies.

VI. Conjunctions
A. Coordinating: (FANBOYS) for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Corey and Utley made a bet that, Corey couldnt score two homeruns in the same game.
Utley lost the bet on August 8, when Corey scored two homeruns against the Phillies so he had
to dye his hair.
B. Correlative: Either/or: neither/nor; not only/ but also; both/and; wether/or; as/so
Neither Julio Urias, nor Kershaw will pitch this week against the Diamondbacks.
The Dodger fans not only wish Dodgers win the next four games, but also hope Giants lose their
games against the Cardinals.
C. Subordinate: after, though as if, as long as, as though, because, before, if, in order that, provided
that, since, so, so that, that, though, till, unless, when, where, whereas, while
If it continues to rain theyll have to delay the game till tomorrow.
After their game against the Yankees, the newcomers took part in the annual Rookie Dressup
D. Relative Pronouns: who (refers to people), which (refers to non living object or animals), that
(may refer to animals or non living objects)
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His teammate was conflicted on which flavor of gum to choose.
Kershaw is a pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodger who according to cbssports.com is the best
pitcher heading into the 2016 season.

VII. Prepositions
Prepositions link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other parts of the sentence.
Prepositions are NEVER f ollowed by verbs. There are one-word prepositions and complex
prepositions. These are some common prepositions: aboard, about, above, according to, across,
across from, after, against, along, alongside, alongside of, along with, amid, among, apart from,
around, as, as far as, aside from, at, away from, back of, because of, before, behind, below,
beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, by means of, concerning, despite, down,
down from, except, except excluding, for, from, from among, from between, from under, in, in
addition to, in behalf of, including, in front of, in place of, in regard to, inside, inside of, in spite
of, instead of, into, like, near, enar to, notwithstanding, of, off, on, on account of, on behalf of,
onto, on top of, opposite, out, out of, outside, outside of, over, over to, owing to, past, prior to,
to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, up to, versus, with, within, without

1. Joc ran across the field and into a wall trying to catch the last out of the inning.
2. The team jumped up and down in excitement after a walk off homerun was hit out of the
ballpark.
3. The team took out Urias before he gave up another homerun and in place of him put in Jenson.

VIII. Interjections
Interjections are the final part of speech.
aha, ahem, ahh, ahoy, alas, arg, aw, bam, bingo, blah, boo, bravo, brrr,cheers,
congratulations,dang, drat, darn, duh,eek, eh, encore, eureka, fiddlesticks, gadzooks, gee, gee
whiz, golly, goodbye, goodness, good grief, gosh,ha-ha, hallelujah, hello, hey, hmm, holy
buckets, holy cow, huh?, humph, hurray, oh, oh dear, oh my, oh well, oops, ouch, ow, phew,
phooey, pooh, pow, rats, shh, shoo, thanks, there, tut-tut, uh-huh, uh-oh, ugh, wahoo, well,
whoa, whoops, wow, yeah, yes, yikes, yippee, yo, yuck
1. Cheers and hallelujahs erupted in the crowd as the Dodgers swept the Giants to hold their lead
in the National League West.
2. Holy Cow did you see that catch by Puig, oh my goodness it was incredible.
3. Oh dear this is Vin Scullys last year as commentator, whoa its amazing that he has been with
the Dodgers for 67 seasons. Congratulations on your 67th season Vin !

Key Associated Term to Know For Parts of Speech:

viii. Antecedents: the word that this pronoun refers to or replaces
Before every home game Vin Scully delivers his famous quote Its Time for Dodger Baseball.
The word his refers back to Vin Scully, making Vin Scully the antecedent of the
pronoun his.
ix.Complements: term used for a word (or words) which are needed to complete the meaning of an
expression.
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Grandals fast throw got the player on 2nd base out to end the game.
Fast tells us something about Grandal(subject)
x.Objects
1. Direct: receives the action performed by the subject
Kershaw pitched the ball to get his sixth strikeout.
2. Indirect: it tells to whom or for whom something is done
Howie passed the ball to Adrian on their way into the dugout.
xi. Modifiers: Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that provide description in sentences
Poor Joc wanted to get the final out, that he accidently stumbled on his own feet.
xii.Transitions
Instead of Kershaw pitching one of the games against the Diamondbacks they decided to have
him pitch against the Giants.

besides either instead although despite otherwise

however regardless futhermore As a matter of alternatively Including

fact

also In other words indeed And In fact like

xiii. Expletives: starts with the words like it, here and there
There are nine players out on the field and they all have a specific position to play.

xiv.Agreements:
1. Subject-Verb: means the subject and verb must agree in number
The baseball was tossed across the field and into Coreys glove.
2. Noun-Pronoun:
The managers need to carefully make decisions that will benefit the team members.

Quiz
True or false
1. Comparative compares three or more things ?
2. Adverb endings are usually -ly,-wards, -wise ?
3. There are 3 kinds of adjectives ?
Multiple choice
4. Which coordinating conjunction is missing ? yet, and, nor, for, or, but, ___
a. Of c. to
b. As d. so
5.. Relative Pronouns refer to ..?
a. what, when, how c. who, that, which
b. that, who, where d. which, where, how
6. Prepositions link phrases, pronouns & ___ ?
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a. Verbs c. adjectives
b. Nouns d. Transitive verbs
7. Manner, Time, and Degree are under what category ?
a.Conjunctions c.Prepositions
b. Adverbs d. Adjectives
Fill in the blank
8. Fanboys are the seven _________ conjuctions.
9. __________ are NEVER followed by verbs.
The player immediately went after the ball.
10. This is an example of a type of adverb, which is it? ___________

Grammar Book Section 2: Phrases

Phrases are groups of words that function as a part of speech

A. Prepositional: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, and is
used as an adjective or an adverb.

i. Before, the game the team honored Vin for his 67 years with the Dodgers (simple sentence)
ii. Before, Vin Scullys last game as announcer the team held a ceremony honoring his 67 years
with the Dodgers. (complex sentence)

B. Appositive: A group of words that include all the words or phrases that modify an appositive.
i. Jose Fernandez, pitcher for the Marlins died in a boating accident. (simple)
ii. Jose Fernandez, a pitcher for the Marlins, unexpectedly died due to a boating accident in Miami
Beach. (complex)

C. Verbal: A group of words that begin with a verbal and ends with a noun.

1. Gerund word ending in ing used as a noun

i. You can always spot Corey chewing bubble gum during a game.(simple)
ii. Youll notice that most baseball players like chewing bubble gum during a game, its a way
for them to relief stress and avoid dry mouth.(complex)

2. Participle word ending in ing or ed used as an adjective

i. The team was frustrated they couldnt get a hit.
ii. It was the bottom of the ninth and the team was frustrated they couldnt score in runs to
cut the Giants lead in half.

3. Infinitive verb preceded by the word to (to go, to jump) used as noun, adjectives, or adverbs.
i. He wasnt expecting to hit his first major league homerun on Sunday. (simple)
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ii. Culberson wasnt expecting his first major league homerun to be a walkoff against
Colorado to clinch the NL West title.

Section 2 Quiz
True or False
1. There are two types of phrases?
2. An infinitive phrase is preceded by the word to ?
3. A prepositional phrase ends with an adverb ?
4. Gerund are words ending in ing used as an adjective ?
5. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition ?
Underline the appositive
6. Dave Roberts, the team manager, was congratulated on his teams victory over the Colorado
Rookies.
7. During the game Corey, the teams shortstop, slid into third base and he hurt his leg which led to
him being taken out of the game.

Underline the gerund

8. Most baseball players are spotted chewing gum or eating sunflower seeds in the dugout.
Underline the infinitive
9. The team hoped to dedicate their last home game of the season to Vin Scully for his 67 years as
the Dodgers commentator.
10. The team needs to win the next few games to keep their lead against the Giants.

Section 2 Answer Key

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. the team manager
7. the teams shortstop
8. chewing & eating
9. to dedicate
10. to win

Section 3: Clauses

Clauses are groups of words with a subject and a verb

A. Independent- CAN stand alone as a complete sentence, known as a simple sentence pattern.
a. The game will go into extra innings.
b. The strength of his swing coming into contact with the ball was replayed in slow motion.
 14
B. Subordinate (Dependent)- CANNOT stand alone as a complete sentence and MUST begin with a
SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION
1. Noun Clause: Used as the noun in a sentence and may function as a subject, a predicate noun,
a direct object, an object of preposition, an indirect object, or an appositive.
a.Where he grew up is the same place the Marlins pitcher did. [subject]
b. The pitcher kindly throws a signed ball into the crowd whoever catches it will be the lucky
winner.[indirect obj]
c.That lucky fan was very ecstatic to meet most of the Dodgers players. [subject]
d. After the news about Fernandezs death everyone in the league hung up his shirt in their
dugout. [direct object]
e. Pranking his teammates is what Puig enjoys doing in the dugout. [predicate noun]
f. The fans were allowed to chose whichever of the team players to sign their ball. [indirect obj]
g. Our hope is that the Dodgers will win this years World Series, making it our 7th championship.
[appositive]

2. Adjective Clause: Used to modify a noun in an independent clause.

A. Some adjective clause begin with relative pronouns:
a. This is the booth where Vin Scully says his famous quote Its Time for Dodger Baseball.
b. The crowd went crazy at that unbelievable catch by Puig.
B. Some adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns:
a. Joc was the one who caught all the pop ups in the 6th inning. (one is the antecedent of
WHO and is modified by the adjective clause)
b. There goes their teammate whose father was also a major league player. (Teammate is
the antecedent of whose and is modified by the adjective clause)
c. The Wild Card Game is held between the top 2 teams of each league so that only one can
advance to the Division Series.

Note: The relative pronoun has two functions. It introduces the clause and it is used as a sentence-part
within the clause.
i. Is that the player who you want to sign your jersey ? (that is the direct object of want)
ii. Kike is the player whom she patiently waited in line to meet since 10 in the
morning.(whom is the direct object of waited)
iii. The player to which you refer to unfortunately has been injured for 1 month. (which
is the object of the preposition to)
iv. Puig is an athlete who usually avoids fights unless another athlete insults him.(who is
the subject of avoids)
3. Adverb Clause: Used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in an independent clause,
introduced by a subordinating conjunction and used to indicate time, place, cause, purpose,
result, condition, and/or concession.
a. Modifying Verbs:
i. They put Fernandezs number on the Marlins mound where everyone could see it.
(place)
ii. When the game ended, the whole team celebrated with champagne showers. (time)
 15
iii.Fans began to leave the game because it went into extra innings. (purpose)
iv. Gonzalez talked as if he had never been apart of winning the NL West title.
b. Modifying Adjectives:
i. This season didnt seem as bad as last years. (condition)
ii. Giants fans are as annoying as Colorado fans. (to what extent)

c. Modifying Adverbs
i. This year our bullpen worked harder than other bullpens, that at one point it was the best
in the league. (condition)

4. Relative Clauses: dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun

a. The 40,000 fans who arrive first will receive a Howie Kendrick bobblehead.
5. Elliptical Clauses: Adverb clauses in which part of the clause is omitted.
a. When pitching, the pitcher keeps his eye on the instructions of his catcher.
6. Essential Clauses: Clauses necessary to the meaning of the sentence.
a. The team that mostly interests the Dodger fans are the Giants because they are 5 games
behind.
7. Nonessential Clause: clauses that are not necessary to the meaning of the sentence.
a. Baseball season, which began six months ago, is sadly coming to an end.

Section 3 Quiz

True or False
1. An Independent Clause can not stand alone ?
2. Clauses are groups of words with a subject and a verb ?
3. There are 3 types of Subordinate Clauses ?
4. Modifying verbs are place, time, person, and condition ?
5. Some adjective clauses begin with an introductory word ?
Fill in the Blank
6. Relative clauses begin with a _________ pronoun.
7. The relative pronoun has two functions. It introduces the ______ and it is used as a sentence-part
within the clause.
8. Modifying verbs, ________, and ________ are used to indicate time, place, cause, and purpose.
9. A Subordinate clause must begin with a __________ _____________.
10. Clauses necessary to the meaning of a sentence are _________ clauses.

Answer Key
1. False
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2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. Relative
7. Clause
8. Adjectives, Adverbs
9. Subordinate Conjunction
10. Elliptical Clauses

Grammar Book Section 4:Sentences

Sentences- Explain each sentence types and patterns and give two (2) examples of each (one basic
and one advanced).

a. Sentence Parts
i. Subject

1. Complete: begins with a capital letter, includes an end mark, and contains at least one main clause.
S
a. Rookie, Javier Baez, is an amazing baseball player ? (simple)
S V
b. Did you notice how Puig almost crashed into the wall while making that unbelievable catch.
(complex)

2. Simple: Consist of only one clause with a single subject and predicate.
S V
a. The rookie darted across the field to obtain the final out. (simple)
S Adv V
b. Joc, the centerfielder, quickly darted across the field to obtain the final out. (complex)

3. Compound: A sentence with more than one subject or predicate.

S S V
a. Both Turner and Seager ran up to capture the ball. (simple)
S S V
b. Both Turner and Seager bumped into each other as they tried to capture the ball. (complex)

ii. Predicate: the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the
subject.
1. Complete:
S V
a. Seager hit a homerun. (simple)
S V
 17
b. Seager with 2 balls and 2 strikes hit a homerun to give the team a lead in the 2nd inning.
(complex)
2. Simple:
S V
a. Dodgers return to Washington for game 5. (simple)
S V
b. After an amazing win the Dodgers return to Washington for their final game against the
Nationals. (complex)

3. Compound:
S V V
a. Seager ran to 2nd base and slid into 3rd. (simple)
S V V
b. Turner hit a long single and Corey was able to run to 2nd and slide into 3rd. (complex)

B. Sentence Types

1. Declarative: makes a statement ends with a period.

S
a. Yesterdays game was intense. (simple)
S V
b. Yesterdays game against the Washington Nationals got intense when they tied at the top of the
seventh.(complex)
2. Interrogative: asks a direct question and always ends in a question mark
S V
a. Do you know who is pitching tomorrow ? (simple)
S V
b. Did you hear about the unfortunate death of 24 year old pitcher Jose Fernandez ? (complex)

3. Imperative: gives a direct command

V S
a. Put the Dodger game on. (simple)
Adv V S
b. Catch that pop-up loudly shouted the enthusiastic fan. (complex)

4. Exclamatory: makes a statement (just like a declarative sentence), but it also conveys excitement or
emotion. An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark.
S V
a. The crowd began to chant Lets Go Dodgers! (simple)

b. As the ball neared closer to Puig he shouted toward Joc I got it! (complex)

Sentence Errors (Incomplete/Incorrect Types)

 18
1. Run-on/Rambling:two or more independent clauses are connected improperly.
Error: She loves to watch baseball she never misses a game.
Correction: Because she loves to watch baseball, she never misses a game.

2. Fused:two independent clauses are joined without any punctuation or connecting word between
them
Error:He usually goes to the game for the food. But then he started enjoying baseball.
Correction: He usually goes to the game for the food, but he recently started enjoying baseball.

3. Fragment: doesnt contain a main clause

Error: After Puig caught the ball. (not a complete thought)
Correction: After Puig caught the ball to end the inning, Joc high fived him.

4. Misplaced Modifier: word, phrase, or clause that is improperly separated from the word it modifies
/ describes
Error: Dave Roberts said on Tuesday Kershaw will pitch.
Correction: Dave Roberts said Kershaw will pitch on Tuesday against the Nationals for game 4.

5. Double Negative: a grammatical construction occurring when two forms of negation are used in the
same sentence.
Error: He doesnt know nothing about baseball.
Correction: He doesnt know anything about baseball but he still attends games.

6. Comma Splice: two independent clauses are connected with only a comma
Error: Joc arrived late this morning, he didnt have time to talk to Vin.
Correction: Joc arrived late this morning, so he didnt have time to talk to Vin.

Sentence Patterns

1. Simple Sentence: A sentence that is just one Independent clause.

S Adv V N
Utley anxiously waited on deck. (simple)
S Adv V N Adj
Utley patiently waited on deck which made him anxious about his turn after his teammate
obtained the 2nd out. (complex)

2. Compound Sentence: A compound sentence is a sentence with multiple independent clauses, but
no dependent clauses.
S V Adv V N
The team looks forward to two things when they travel back home. (simple)
S V Adv N N
The team looks forward to two things, the weather and the energy from the fans every time
they travel back to Los Angeles. (complex)
 19

3. Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
S V Adv V
Because the ball was hit too far away, he ran for it. (simple)
S V Adv S V Adv
Because the ball was hit too far away, Reddick had to dive for it accidently running into the wall.
(complex)

4. Complex-Compound Sentence: A sentence with multiple independent clauses and at least one
dependent clause
S V N Adv Adj
Michael would have bought the bat that you annoyingly ask for, but it was too expensive.
(simple)
S V N Adv V
Michael would have purchased the bat you annoyingly ask for, but he realized it was too
expensive. (complex)

5. Loose Sentence: A loose sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause plus a
subordinate construction (either a clause or a phrase)

S V N Adv V
He was offered to play in the Major League after he almost pitched a no hitter and because of
his amazing record. (simple)
S V N Adv V Adj
He was offered to play in the Major League after he almost pitched a difficult no hitter and
because of his unbelievable record of 10-3. (complex)

6. Periodic Sentence: A periodic sentence is a sentence in which the independent clause is given at
the end of the sentence in order to create interest or generate suspense.
S Adv V
The teammate who has frequently won Major League Player of the Year, a Cy Yung Award, and
National League Most Valuable Player, is Kershaw. (simple)
S Adv V
The teammate who has frequently won major league Player of the Year, 3 Cy Yung Awards, and
6 National League Most Valuable Player awards, is the Dodgers pitcher Clayton Kershaw.
(complex)

7. Balanced Sentence: A balanced sentence is a sentence where phrases or clauses parallel each other
by virtue of their likeliness of structure, meaning, or length.
S V Adj Adj
Dave Roberts requires players who are ambitious, who are committed, and who are determined.
(simple)
 20
S V Adj Adj
Dave Roberts requires players who are ambitious, who are committed, and who are determined
to give their all when playing baseball. (complex)

8. Parallel Structure: A parallel structure sentence is a sentence using the same pattern of words to
show that two or more words or ideas are of equal importance and to help the reader comprehend
what is being written.
S V N N N V Adv
Urias gathered his baseball, glove, and hat as he headed out to the freshly cut field to practice.
(simple)
S V N N N V Adv
Urias gathered his baseball, glove, and hat as he headed out to the freshly cut field to practice
before the big game against the Cubs. (complex)

9. Chiasmus: A chiasmus sentence is a sentence that includes a repetition of ideas (words, phrases, or
clauses) in inverted (reversed) order.
S V N S V N
You can take the boy out of the baseball game, but you cant take the baseball out of the boy.
(simple)
S V N S V N
You can take the boy out of the baseball game, but you cant take the baseball out of the boy is
a saying a fan created because he got kicked of a game for trash talking the opposing team.
(complex)

10. Asyndeton: An asyndeton sentence is a sentence that leaves out conjunctions between words,
phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
S V N N N
Scully received applauses, standing ovations, and gifts.
S V N N N
Vin Scully received applauses, standing ovations, and gifts on his last day as commentator for
the Los Angeles Dodgers.

11. Polysyndeton: A polysyndeton sentence is a sentence that uses multiple conjunctions in close
proximity to each other between words, phrases, or clauses for a rhetorical purpose.
S V V V
Turner batted, and ran, and slid into 3rd. (simple)
S V V V
Turner batted, and ran, and slid into 3rd driving in 2 runs for the lead in the 6th inning against
the Nationals. (complex)

12. Anaphora: A sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words or a phrase at the
beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.
S V V S V
 21
I remember the when they won National West Champions, I remember when they won against
the nationals, and I will remember when they beat the Cubs. (simple)
S V V S V
I remember the when they won National West Champions, I remember when they beat the
Nationals, and Ill remember when they beat the Cubs in the NLCS division. (complex)

13. Epistrophe: A sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or words.
S V S V S V
Im done with this game. Im tired of this game. Im over this game. (simple)
S Adv V S Adv V S Adv V
Im completely done with this game. Im absolutely tired of this game. Im entirely over this
game against the Cubs. (complex)

Sentences Quiz
True or False
1. A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
2. A sentence with multiple independent clauses and non dependent clause.
3. A loose sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause plus a subordinate
construction (either a clause or a phrase)
4. An epistrophe is a sentence featuring several phrases or clauses ending with the same word or
words.
5. An anaphora is a sentence that features the purposeful repetition of a word, words or a phrase
at the beginning of several successive clauses in order to place emphasis and draw attention.

Grammar Book Section 5: Paragraphs

5. Paragraphs- Explain what needs to be in each of the three (3) types of paragraphs, how many
sentences each paragraph should have, and include one (1) example for each of the pieces in each of the
paragraph sections.

1. Introductory Paragraphs
a. Hook/lead
i. Anecdotal (Brief story to set the mood and intro the topic)
On October the Dodgers played against the Chicago Cubs at the Wrigley Field in Chicago. The
Cubs led the series 3-2, the Dodgers had the opportunity to tie the series and cause a game 7. Dodgers
had their best pitcher, Kershaw, pitch but trouble arrived early as he gave up 5 runs. Dodgers lack of
runs and poor defensive plays led to their lost in game 6 and the Cubs clinching the series.

ii. Query Based (Question that brings the reader to the topic)
1. Was the Dodgers lost all on Clayton Kershaw ?

. Thesis Statement (the purpose of a piece of writing- usually one sentence in length- and
b
something that is arguable)
 22
i. Assertion (claim)
1. Cleveland fans are expecting the Indians to hopefully win the World Series and bring another
trophy to their city.
ii. Fact (empirically verifiable)
1. Dodgers constantly made errors that led to the Cubs scoring in runs to give them the lead.
iii. Opinion (personal position on a topic)
1. Dodgers absolutely had the best 2016 season, even though they didnt make it to the World
Series.
iv. Belief (social, religious, or political in nature- an opinion held by many to be a fact, though it is
not necessarily)
1. According to cbssports Clayton Kershaw is the best pitcher in the MLB 2016 season.
v. Generalization (uses absolute or statistical pronouns: all, always, every, never, none, most,
half- avoid using this type of thesis statement)
1. Everyone who attended the Indians game 2 against the Cubs was horribly disappointed with
the outcome.
vi. Document Based (cites a specific source and its position on a topic)
1. On Dodgers.mlb.com, Oliver Macklin knowledgeably confirms that Dave Robert has been
named Sporting News National League Manager of the year by stating he received seven votes to beat
out the Nationals and the Cubs manager.
vii. Theory (a statement that can be tested and potentially proven)
1. Steroids help improve an athletes performance, many baseball players have been
unexpectedly discovered to use steroids.
2. Body Paragraphs (must have echoes of the thesis in each and present evidence to support or
expand on the thesis)

a . Topic Sentences (must specifically indicate the topic of the paragraph and focus on one subject
and are of evidence or support)
i. Ex. Multiple sources claim that the World Series constantly provides us with many magical
moments.

b. Evidence from Quotations (quotes should NEVER be used as individual sentences - quotes should
be embedded within sentences)
i. Ex. Reporters agree, Kluber is trying to help Cleveland end its 68-year World Series drought
by setting a World Series record with nine strikeouts. (Bastian/MLB.com)
ii. Ex. Kluber is trying to help Cleveland end its 68-year World Series drought according to
many sport reporters. (Bastian/MLB.com)
iii. Ex. Sadly for the Cubs, Kluber trying to help Cleveland end its 68-year World Series drought
affected their hitting against him. (Bastian/MLB.com)
iv. Ex. Sadly for the Cubs,Kluber trying to [determinedly] help Cleveland end its 68-year World
Series drought (Bastian/MLB.com)
v. Ex. Sadly for the Cubs, Kluber ..helping Cleveland end its 68-year World Series drought can
cause them to lose the World Series. (Bastian/MLB.com)
 23
vi. Paraphrase (rewording of a quote into other words of the same length without quotation
marks, but still citing the source)
1. Original Quote: Kluber is trying to help Cleveland end its 68-year World Series drought
(Bastian/MLB.com)

2. Ex. Paraphrase: Kluber hopes to lead Cleveland out of its 68-year drought from winning a
World Series.
vii. Summary (condensing larger quotes or sections)
1. Original Quote: Kluber is trying to help Cleveland end its 68-year World Series drought
(Bastian/MLB.com)
2. Ex. Summary: Kluber could be the key to end the drought.
vii. Abstract Examples (hypothetical, what if examples - AVOID)
1. The Cubs can win if they are able to get hits off Kulber
ix. Concrete Examples ( actual, reference-able examples)
1. In an MLB article of October 2016 it is stated that facing a Cubs team that won 103 games
Kluber dispensed a steady dose of sinkers, cutters and curveballs leading to 9 strikeouts.

c. Closing Sentence (must end the discussion of the topic within the paragraph with a transitional or
culminating word - possibly an adverb - and should echo the thesis of the essay)
i. Ex. Evidently, the Indians are counting on Kluber to end the Cleveland 68-year World Series
drought.

3. Closing Paragraphs (Conclusions - should not be mere summaries of the previous paragraphs of your
essay)
a. Consequences of Disregarding the Thesis (establishing the potential consequences of
disregarding the implications of the thesis - Creating A COUNTERARGUMENT)
i. Ex. If the Cubs offense can obtain some runs off Kluber, its possible that the end of the
68-year drought might not happen.
b. Statement(s) of Extension (extending the thesis statement using consequences of disregarding
the implications of the thesis - could be one or more sentences)
i. Ex. As such, the Cubs lost can clearly be connected to the 9 strikeouts Kluber obtained in that
game.
c. Establishing the Significance of the Thesis
i. Ex. Therefore, as sport reporters claim, the Indians are counting on Kluber to hopefully end the
drought and make them World Series champions.
d. Final Sentence (connects to the hook)
i. So even though the Dodgers lost against the Cubs, the Indians seem to an advantage with
Kluber and hopefully he can lead the team to victory as long as the rest of the team shuts down the Cubs
until he has to pitch again.

Paragraphs Quiz
True or False
1. Document based paragraph cites a specific source and its position on the topic.
 24
2. Quotes can be used as individual sentences.
3. One should avoid using Generalization as a type of thesis sentence.
4. Conclusions should not be summaries of your previous paragraphs.
5. Query based is a statement that can be tested and potentially proven.

Choose the right answer

6. World Series tickets are extremely expensive.
a. Fact b. Opinion
7. Half of the crown in the stands were Cub fans.
a. Document based b. Generalization
8. This is the most exciting World Series ive witnessed
a. Opinion b. Theory
9. Abstract have
a. Hypothetical examples b. Reference-able examples
10. The final sentence connects to the
a. Theory b. Hook

Grammar Book Section 6: Essays

6. Essays- Explain the purpose and specific features of each type (and subtype) of essay. Show the
specific tactics used to create successful essays of each type.

a. Types (explain and describe each type and kind of essay and state its purpose)
i. Persuasive (Argumentative): utilizes logic and reason to show that one idea is more legitimate
than another idea. It attempts to persuade a reader to adopt a certain point of view or to take a
particular action by having solid evidence, logical reasons, and quoting experts.

ii. Expository (informative):

1. Explains a topic in a logical and straightforward manner with a fair and balanced analysis of a
subject based on facts- with no reference to opinions or emotions.

2. There are a few methods of development for an expository essay, there is compare and
contrast, cause and effect, definition, classification, and process analysis.

3. A compare and contrast essay asks you to look at similarities and differences between two or
more concepts

4. A cause and effect essay describes why things happen and what happens as a result, this is a
common method of organizing and discussing ideas.

iii. Analytical/Critical
 25
1. An evaluation essay should be unbiased and reasoned, the key to is to establish clear and fair
criteria and evidence. (Evaluative)

2. Defines the content in the paragraphs as well answering questions. (Interpretive)

iv. Narrative (tells a story)

1. Personal Anecdote: purpose is to present a piece of the writer's humanity for the reader to
react to and reflect upon, its a creative way to capture your audiences attention.

v. Research
1. MLA Citation Format: most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal
arts and humanities, should be listed in this order
1. Author.
2. Title of source.
3. Title of container,
4. Other contributors,
5. Version,
6. Number,
7. Publisher,
8. Publication date,
9. Location.

2.APA Citation Format:used to cite sources within the social sciences

Should include the four major sections: the Title Page, Abstract, Main Body, and References

vi. Timed
1. Document Based Question (DBQ): type of essay that provides you with documents to serve as
sources of information for your writing

2. Synthesis: requires that you examine a variety of sources and identify their relationship to
your thesis

3. Prompt Based: A question must be answered, asks you to share your personal knowledge by
explaining a situation.

b. Strategies/Planning Tips/Steps
i. Pre-writing/Prompt Analysis/Outlining:
Ask the 6 journalist's questions: who, what, why, when, how, where
When breaking down a prompt pay attention to the question that youre being asked.

ii. Research/Evaluation of Sources: the practice of compiling accurate and

credible supporting evidence.
 26
Important to know how to evaluate sources, find sources that are credible dont settle for
tabloid magazines
When writing a research paper group and document your information

c. Work Cited Page

1. MLA Format: list page numbers, online database name, use italics instead of underlining
Ex: Bastian, Jordan and Muskat, Carrie Cubs are heavyweight champions! mlb,
http://m.mlb.com/news/article/207938228/chicago-cubs-win-2016-world-series/?game_pk=48
7637 . Accessed 2 November 2016

2. APA Format: reference page, give last name and initials for authors, must be alphabetized
Ex: Darwin, Ch. (1859). On the Origin of Species Vol. XI. The Harvard Classics. New York: P.F.
Collier & Son, 190914

Essay Quiz
True or False
1. There are the 6 journalists questions?
2. An MLA format cites sources within social sciences ?
3. A Document Based Question is an essay that requires you to identify similarities and differences
between two or more concepts ?
4. A Persuasive essay attempts to persuade a reader to adopt a certain point of view or to take a
particular action ?
5. A Personal Anecdote requires that you examine a variety of sources and identify their
relationship to your thesis ?
6. Synthesis provides documents to provide sources of information for your writing ?

Identify what essay it is

7. Basketball and baseball
8. The tickets were cheaper than expected, so we bought a t-shirts.
9. Hot cheetos are the crunchiest and spiciest chips youll ever taste.
10. During a conversation over the game, Michael comments on the time he went to see the team
play and win 10-3.

Answer Key
1. True
2. False
3. False
 27
4. True
5. False
6. False
7. Compare and contrast
8. Cause and effect
9. Personal Anecdote

Grammar Book Section 7: Capitalization

7. Capitalization
Rule 1: Capitalize proper nouns. A proper noun is the official name of a person, place, or thing
Ex: Kenley Jansen won MLBs 2016 Trevor Hoffman NL Reliever of the Year Award.

Rule 2: Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence

Ex: When asked about his baseball staff Roberts answered, I thought the work ethic, the
willingness, eagerness to teach, the energy was consistent all year long.

Rule 3: Capitalize a persons title when it precedes a name

Ex: Dave Roberts, the Dodgers general manager, has been named Sporting News' National League
Manager of the Year

Rule 4: Capitalize street names

Ex: Los Angeles City Council changed the name of Elysian Park Avenue to Vin Scully Avenue as a
tribute for his 67 seasons with the Dodgers.

Rule 5: Capitalize Political divisions (continents, regions, countries, states, counties, cities and towns)
Ex: One of the biggest rivalries in baseball is between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the San
Francisco Giants.

Rule 6: Capitalize titles of books, movies, magazines, newspapers, articles, songs, plays and works of art
Ex: On MLB.com it informs you that the Dodgers will open their 2017 Spring Training schedule on
Feb. 25.

Rule 7: Capitalize the first letter in a sentence

Ex: She was extremely disappointed to find out that the Indians lost in the World Series.

Rule 8: Alway capitalize I

Ex: I missed the inning where Pederson hit a grand slam to end the pitchers no-hitter.

Rule 9: Capitalize the days of the week, the months of the year, and holidays
Ex: We have to wait for baseball season to start again so we can watch the Friday Night Fireworks.

Rule 10: Capitalize trademarks

 28
Ex: During baseball season youll see Dodger commercials trademarking their delicious Dodger
Dogs.
Rule 11: Capitalize the names of nationalities, languages, races, and tribes and their derived adjectives
Ex: The Cuban-born American Jose Fernandez, a pitcher for the Marlins, sadly died in a boat crash.

Rule 12: Capitalize the names of specific geographic features

Ex: At the Coors Field in Colorado if you are lucky enough to get seats in right field, you get an
amazing view of the Rocky Mountains.

Rule 13: Capitalize the names of buildings, monuments, bridges, parks, and other specific locations
Ex: Adrian Gonzalez declares that he loves the Cincinnati Great American Ball park after hitting
three home runs.

Rule 14: Capitalize the names of organizations, business firms, and institutions
Ex: Joc Pederson was named the top prospect in the Hawaii Collegiate Baseball League after he hit
.319 with Waimea.

Rule 15: Capitalize the names of political parties and religious denominations and their members
Ex: It was very clear that Adrian Gonzalez doesnt support the Republican Donald Trump, since he
refused to stay in one of his hotels.

Rule 16: Capitalize the names of specific awards and prizes

Ex: Dodgers rookie Corey Seager was named the Players Choice Award winner for National League
Outstanding Rookie.

Rule 17: Capitalize the first word in the salutation and the first word of the close of a letter
Ex: Vin Scully addressed his goodbye letter with Dear Friends to all his fans.

Rule 18: Capitalize the first word of a sentence following a colon

Ex: Kikes late arrival to practice made no difference: He wasnt going to be put in the game due to
his injury.

Rule 19: Capitalize languages

Ex: Puig and Gonzalez speak Spanish around their teammates to annoy them over the fact that
they dont understand.

Rule 20: Capitalize a formal title when it is used as a direct address

Ex: Im sorry to disappoint, Coach but I cant stay for practice today.

Rule 21: Capitalize nicknames in all cases

Ex: Unfortunately Los Doyers didnt make it to the World Series but we always have next season.
 29
Rule 22: Capitalize directions that are names
Ex: In baseball the teams arent divided into the East or West like they usually do in basketball.

Rule 23: Capitalize a kinship name when it immediately precedes a personal name
Ex: Lets go ask Mom if we can go to tomorrows Dodger game.

Rule 24: Capitalize brand names

Ex: Did you see that Dodger sweater Roberts was wearing in their last game against the Cubs ?

Rule 25: Do not capitalize seasons of the year unless it is used in a title
Ex: Baseball season returns in the fall, my favorite season.

Grammar Section 8: Punctuation

8. Punctuation
a. [ ] : used when the writer needs to add information to a quotation
Ex: Kenley Jansen [Dodgers pitcher] will compete with Aroldis Chapman [Cubs pitcher] in a contest to
sign the most expensive contract in baseball history for a relief pitcher.
b. ( ) : allow a writer to provide additional information
Ex: Vin Scully the (Dodgers broadcaster) gave his farewell letter on their game against the Giants.
c. . it ends a sentence
Ex: Make sure to get tickets to the first game of the next season.
d. , separates grammatical components
Ex: Every player stretches, runs, and goes into the batting cages before every game.
e. - used for word division or formation of certain compound terms
Ex: That win against the Dodgers was a real eye-opener for Cub fans.
f. used to represent a span or range of numbers, dates, or time
Ex: The Cubs beat the Indians 8-7 in the last game of the World Series.
g. : introduces a quotation, an explanation, an example, or a series
Ex: Three of the Dodger players are finalists for Baseball Writers' Association of America Awards: Corey
for the Most Valuable Player Award, Madea for Jackie Robinson Rookie of the Year Award, and Roberts
for Manager of the Year.
h. ; separate independent clauses that share the same general idea(s)
Ex: The new rookies have to dress up; the veterans get to decide what their costumes are.
i. ? used at the end of a direct question
Ex: Are you excited for the Dodgers 2017 season ?
j. ! after a word, phrase, or sentence that expresses a strong emotion
Ex: I got it ! yelled Puig across the field.
k. contractions, plurals, and possessives
Ex: Make sure to put Jocs bat back inside or else hell think he lost it.
l. used to indicate material that is being reproduced word for word
Ex: Corey Seager had a great year His 26 home runs were a Dodgers record for a shortstop, and he set
Los Angeles Dodgers rookie marks for hits (193), runs (105) and doubles (40).
m. . indicating an omission
 30
Ex: If only they had . , nevermind the season is over so it doesnt matter anymore.

Grammar Section 9: Confused Words

9. Commonly Confused/Misused Word Choices

a. Denotation is the dictionary definition and connotation refers to the associations that are
connected to a certain word.
Ex: Michael always leans toward baseball caps, a fashion item that carries the connotation of youth.
The denotation of a baseball cap is a fabric cap originally worn by baseball players.
b. Who = he whom=him
Ex: Who wrote the letter that was given out during the game against the Giants ?
Whom should i vote for, Seager or Sanchez to be Rookie of the Year ?
c. There: refers to a place, their: possessive pronoun, theyre: contraction of they are
Ex: Theyre meeting over there (in the freshly cut baseball field) to start practice.
d. lay requires a direct object and lie d oes not
Ex: You can see Puig lying down on the bench in the dugout and Kike throwing seeds at him.
Lay his glove on the table and then head out to the field to talk to Roberts.
e. Lain is the past participle of lie and laid is the past participle of lay
Ex: The dirty ball had lain in the field for weeks now and nobody noticed.
Roberts gently laid out his game plans on the table and discussed them with the other coaches.
f. Affect is to change or influence something and effect is something that happens due to a cause
Ex: The addition of a new pitcher to the team will hopefully bring good effects.
The rain in Colorado wouldnt stop so it affected the start of the anticipated game.
g. Accept is to receive and except is to exclude
Ex:Ben Zobrist of the Chicago Cubs accepted the award of MVP of the 2016 World Series.
All the rookies dress up with costumes except if theyre not new to the team.
h. Should have indicates a missed obligation or opportunity in the past and should of
Ex: I should have let her know that the game was postponed so she didnt have to rush home.
You should of told me that they werent going to play today so i couldve studied longer.
i. Loath is unwilling or reluctant and loathe is to hate
Ex: Many Dodger fans loathe Giant fans which is why its a huge rivalry.
Turner is loath to leave the team but he knows has to make a decision.
j. Infer is to hint at something and infer is to gather, deduce, or figure out
Ex: Fans are implying that the reason they lost against the Cubs is because of Kershaw.
The inferrer in baseball is the catcher.
k. Weary means tired or no longer interested and wary is defined as feeling or showing caution
about possible dangers
Ex: Weary of the argument over which team is better, the man let his friend believe that he was right.
Many fans are wary of the fact that possible players might leave the team.
l. Preceed is to go before and proceed means to move ahead
Ex: The ping pong event will preceed before the game against the Nationals.
The game will proceed after it stops raining in Colorado, until then go do homework.
m. Discreet means on the down low, under the radar and discrete means individual or detached
 31
Ex: The team was hoping for a discrete event but it was filled many important people.
Keep your trade options discreet so other teams wont find out.
n. Conscience is an inner feeling, of right and wrong and conscious means being aware of yourself
or the world around you
Ex: When making a big career decision always go with your conscience.
In every sport you have to be conscious of your surroundings especially in baseball when youre
running after a ball.
o. Can is used to express mental and physical capability and may is used to express permission.
Ex: May I please go to the first home game of the season ?
Are you sure you can continue to play or does your hand still hurt?
p. All together is all in one place, all at once and altogether is completely; on the whole
Ex: He stopped seeing the games altogether due to the fact he had no time.
They arrived all together to the arena in the teams bus.
q. A lot is many and allot is to distribute, give or assign
Ex: A lot of people are always expected to show up at the first home game of the season.
Roberts allotted an hour to each of the players in the batting cage.
r. Done is completed and did is the past participle of do
Ex: After three extra innings the game was finally done and the fans were happy to go home.
He did not want to review the play because it was a risky move.

Capitalization Quiz
True or false
1. Always capitalize seasons. f
2. Never capitalize a kinship name when it immediately precedes a personal name. f
3. Always capitalize street names. t
4. Always capitalize the first word in a sentence.t
5. Never capitalize the name of a holiday. f
Fix the sentences
6. Every friday after every home game at Dodgers Stadium they light fireworks.
7. Have you seen the new street names vin scully avenue near Dodgers Stadium.
8. im not sure ill be able to attend the last home game of the season due to my work schedule.
9. i thought the work ethic, the willingness, eagerness to teach, the energy was consistent all year
long.
10. If you sit near right field at the Coors Stadium in Colorado you get an amazing view of the rocky
mountains.

Answer:
1. False 3. True 5. False
2. False 4. True
6. Every Friday after every home game at Dodgers Stadium they light fireworks.
7. Have you seen the new street names Vin Scully Avenue near Dodgers Stadium.
8. Im not sure ill be able to attend the last home game of the season due to my work schedule.
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9. I thought the work ethic, the willingness, eagerness to teach, the energy was consistent all year
long.
10. If you sit near right field at the Coors Stadium in Colorado you get an amazing view of the Rocky
Mountains.

Punctuation Quiz
True or False
1. A period ends a sentence. T
2. Parenthesis separate grammatical components. F
3. An exclamation point expresses a strong emotion. t
Write the proper punctuation
4. Did you watch that incredible game against the Cubs last night
5. The family owned cafe was having a buy one get one 50% off if you should up wearing Dodger
gear.

Answers
1. True 2. False 3. True
4. Did you watch that incredible game against the Cubs last night ?
5. The family-owned cafe was having a buy one get one 50% off if you should up wearing Dodger
gear.

Commonly Misused Words Quiz

Determine which one is the right fit
1. I dont know with who/whom i will go to the first home game of the season.
2. There/Theyre already on the bus waiting for you to get on so we can leave.
3. Everyone wondered whether his hand injury was having an effect/affect on his pitching.
4. Brandon Ingram accepted/expected the invitation to tour and throw the first pitch at Dodgers
Stadium.
5. Altogether/All together front row tickets are extremely of expensive for any sport.
6. Can/May I go to the the Dodger game on Friday ?

Answers
1. I dont know with whom i will go to the first home game of the season.
2. Theyre already on the bus waiting for you to get on so we can leave.
3. Everyone wondered whether his hand injury was having an affect on his pitching.
4. Brandon Ingram accepted the invitation to tour and throw the first pitch at Dodgers Stadium.
5. Altogether front row tickets are extremely of expensive for any sport.
6. May I go to the the Dodger game on Friday ?