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GRADESANDSPECIFICATIONS
AviationFuelsGrades,SpecificationsandAdditives
ShellAviationfuelsfallintotwobasicgroups:aviationgasoline,forusein
reciprocatingorpistonenginesaviationturbinefuels(jetfuels),foruseinturbofan,
turbojetandturbopropengines.Thereisathirdgroupknownaspowerboostfluids
butthesearelowvolumespecialistfuelsandarenotcoveredinthissection(for
moredetailsaboutpowerboostfluidssuchasMethmix,contactShellAviationvia
thiswebsite).Thevariousgradesandspecificationsofaviationgasolinesandjet
fuelsaredescribedinthefollowingsections.
AllShellaviationfuelsareproducedtostringentmanufacturingspecifications.At
everystagebetweenrefineryandaircrafttank,fuelqualityischeckedbysampling
andlaboratoryanalysis,toensurethatthefuelconformstotherequirements
specifiedforthegradewhenitisdeliveredtotheaircraft.TheShellAviationQuality
AssuranceSystemisorganisedonaworldwidebasis,madeeasierbecauseShell
AviationServiceisprovideddirectlyinmanycountriesoftheworldarepresentation
matchedbynoothersupplierofaviationfuel.
Copiesofthespecificationscitedinourwebsitecanbeobtainedfromthefollowing
authorities:
DEFSTANspecifications
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DEFSTANspecifications
MinistryofDefence
DirectorateofStandardisation
KentigernHouse
65BrownStreet
GlasgowG28EX
UK
Phone+441412242496
Fax+441412242503
Website:MinistryofDefencewebsite
(AllDEFSTANspecsarefreelyavailablefromthiswebsite).
ASTMSpecifications
ASTMspecificationsarepublishedannuallyintheASTMBookofStandards,Section
5(inpaperandCD).Copiesavailablefrom
ASTM
100BarrHarborDrive
WestConshohocken
PA194282959
USA
Phone+16108329585
Fax+16108329555
WebsiteASTMwebsite
(Specificationsareavailableforacharge.)
USMilitarySpecifications
DepartmentofDefense
DODSSP
Building4/SectionD
700RobinsAvenue
PA191115094
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USA
Phone+12156972667
Fax+12156971462
WebsiteDepartmentofDefensewebsite
IATAGuidanceMaterial
IATAissueanexcellentguidecoveringcommercialaviationfuelsandadditives.The
4thEditionhasjustbeenpublishedandcanbeobtainedfrom
FuelServices
IATA
800PlaceVictoria
POBox113
Montreal
Quebec
CanadaH6Z1M1
Phone+15148740202
Fax+15148742661
WebsiteIATAwebsite
AFQRJOSCheckListforJetA1
TheJointSystemsCheckListforJetA1ismaintainedbyShellAviationonbehalfof
theindustry.ThecurrenteditionisIssue22pleaseclickthelinkbelowtodownload
it.
AviationJetFuelAdditives
Additivesmaybeincludedinaviationfuelstoimprovefuelperformancegenerally
byeliminatingundesirableeffectsortomeetspecificrequirementsofcertain
aircraftorairlineoperators.
Additivesmaybeincludedinaviationfuelstoimprovefuelperformancegenerally
byeliminatingundesirableeffectsortomeetspecificrequirementsofcertain
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aircraftorairlineoperators.Theyareaddedinquantitiesthatareoftenonly
measurableinpartspermillion.
Theadditivecontentofjetfuelsvariesconsiderably,dependingonwhetherthefuel
isforcivilormilitaryuse.AdditivepackagesforAvgas,ontheotherhand,arefairly
standard.Onlyadditivesthathavebeenthroughadetailedandcomprehensive
evaluationandapprovalprocessarepermitted.
TetraethylleadisaddedtoimprovetheantiknockcharacteristicsofAvgas.There
arepressurestoeliminatethisadditiveonenvironmentalgrounds.Alternativeways
ofboostingtheoctaneratingofAvgashavestilltobefoundhowever.
Antioxidants(guminhibitors)mustbeusedinAvgastopreventtheformationofgum
andotherantioxidationproducts.Jetfuels,whichareinherentlymorestablethan
gasolines,maycontainthem,dependingonthetreatmentprocessusedduring
manufacture.
Ametaldeactivatornowrarelyusedmaybeaddedtonullifytheeffectsof
dissolvedtracemetals,especiallycopper,whichcanimpairthethermalstabilityofjet
fuels.
Corrosioninhibitorscanbeusedtoreducecorrosioninfuelsystemandimprovethe
lubricitylubricatingpropertiesofjetfuels.
Fuelsystemicinginhibitorsreducethefreezingpointofanywaterthatmaybeinthe
fuelsystemandpreventtheformationoficecrystalsthatcouldrestrictfuelflow.
TheyaremandatoryinmilitaryJetbutarenotusedincivilaircraftthathavefuel
heaters.TheymaybeaddedtoeitherJetorAvgasduringthefuellingofsmall
aircraft.
Staticdissipateradditivesminimisethehazardouseffectsofstaticchargesthatbuild
upduringmovementofjetfuels.TheyaresometimesusedinAvgasaswell.
MOREINAVIATIONFUELS
Avgas
MilitaryJetFuel
JetFuelAdditives
ShellWaterDetector
AeroJet CivilJetFuel
Premiumaviationfuel.
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WorldwideCivilJetfuel
gradesandspecifications.
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