GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmadabad
Affiliated

Neotech Institute of Technology

A
Project Report
On

A Energy Efficient Motor Using Induction

Motor
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING II
B.E. II, Semester IV
(Electrical Branch)

Submitted By:

Sr. Name of student Enrollment No

1 Suthar Dipak 141170109012

Utkarsh Panchal
(Faculty Guide)

Kajal Soni
(Head of the Department)

Academic year
(2014-15)

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 INDEX

1) Introduction..............................................................................3
2) AEIOU Sheet............................................................................5
a) Activities.............................................................................5
b) Environment.......................................................................6
c) Interaction...........................................................................7
d) Object..................................................................................8
e) User.....................................................................................9
3) L & N Matrix ..................................................................10
4) Literature survey......................................................................11
5) Dirty Mockup...........................................................................13

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 Chapter 1 Introduction of PD canvas
Induction motor we give only one supply, so it is really interesting to know that how
it works. It is very simple, from the name itself we can understand that there is induction
process occurred. Actually when we are giving the supply to the stator winding, flux will
generate in the coil due to flow of current in the coil. Now the rotor winding is arranged in
such a way that it becomes short circuited in the rotor itself. The flux from the stator will cut
the coil in the rotor and since the rotor coils are short circuited, according to Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction, current will start flowing in the coil of the rotor.

When the current will flow, another flux will get generated in the rotor. Now there
will be two fluxes, one is stator flux and another is rotor flux and the rotor flux will be
lagging to the stator flux. Due to this, the rotor will feel a torque which will make the rotor to
rotate in the direction of rotating magnetic flux. So the speed of the rotor will be depending
upon the ac supply and the speed can be controlled by varying the input supply. This is the
working principle of an induction motor.

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 In three phase system, there are three single phase line with 120 phase difference. So
the rotating magnetic field is having the same phase difference which will make the rotor to
move. If we consider three phases a, b and c, when phase a is magnetized, the rotor will move
towards the phase a winding, in the next moment phase b will get magnetized and it will
attract the rotor and then phase c. So the rotor will continue to rotate. Working Principle of
Three Phase Induction Motor Why Single Phase Induction Motor is not Self Starting? But
what about single phase. It will be having only one phase still it makes the rotor to rotate, so
it is quite interesting. Before that we need to know why single phase induction motor is not a
self starting motor and how the problem is overcome. We know that the ac supply is a
sinusoidal wave and it produces pulsating magnetic field in uniformly distributed stator
winding.

There are several advantages of induction motor which makes this motor to have
wider application. It is having good efficiency up to 97%. But the speed of the motor varies
with the load given to the motor which is an disadvantage of this motor. The direction of
rotation of induction motor can easily be changed by changing the sequence of three phase
supply, i.e. if RYB is in forward direction, the RBY will make the motor to rotate in reverse
direction. This is in the case of three phase motor but in single phase motor, the direction can
be reversed by reversing the capacitor terminals in the winding.

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 Chapter 2 AEIOU Sheet

a) Activities:

We went to visit industry for study & understand of working and construction
induction motor. When we reached there we saw rolls of copper wire, different motor, motor
windings etc. Workers were using different tools for induction motor. Supervisor was making
daily working chart and allotting vehicles for daily routine work.

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 b) Environment:

The workers are working continuously in noisy environment. They are

working in 3 shifts and work all season like winter, summer & monsoon. When we went in
industry we saw many raw materials, lubricating oil and testing instrument on floor area. We
saw worker in dirty look and also their weather very warm at all around.

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 c) Interaction:

When we going to industry we saw manager discussing with supervisor about data
sheet and supervisor talk to workers about daily task and how to complete that task. Engineer
talk to helper about raw-materials and also saw engineer discuss with supervisor about testing
of motor and improve motors efficiency.

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d) Object:

We saw different tools given below:-

1) Techometer for measuring rpm

2) Megger measuring insulation resistance
3) Wire stepper remove insulation
4) Wire guage measuring a guage of winding
5) Vernier caliper measuring a diameter

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 e) User:

Manager discussing with supervisor about data sheet and its importance. Supervisor
talk to workers about daily task . Supervisor was making daily working chart and allotting
vehicles for daily routine work. Any problem will occur in daily chart & daily routine the
supervisor is responsible for it. Because that is responsibly of supervisor, Manager. Testing
engineers are testing of all motors. A Testing Engineer is required to fully test the product or
system to ensure it functions properly and meets the business needs.

They are Work with development team to identify and capture test cases, ensure
version management setting up of test environments, designing test plans, developing test
cases/ scenarios/usage cases, and executing these cases. Providing feedback on usability and
serviceability, trace the result to quality risk and report it to concerned people. Technical
knowledge and experience is a basic requirement for this kind of role. The Testing Engineer
also needs to be tactful and diplomatic to maintain a good working relationship.

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 Chapter 3 L & N Matrix

In this motor some static device are used. By using this device we have to improve the
efficiency & getting the more reliability & smoothness running. For this motor some software
are also used like MATLAB and MULTISIM. By using this software we can simulation of
any motor & we can change a parameters & rating as per require. Induction motors are used
in industries, laths machine, agricultural, industrial drives, lift, canes, and conveyors;
pumping station etc. when motor is running that time winding will heated by using cooling
fan we cool that winding. By using the Cast steel & lamination we can decrease the hysteresis
& eddy current losses. Laminations are made from silicon steel.

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 Chapter 4 Literature survey
ENERGY EFFICIANT MOTOR USING INDUCTION MOTOR

Dipak Suthar

141173109012
Induction motors are the most used in industry since they are rugged, inexpensive,
and are maintenance free. It is estimated that more than 50% of the world electric energy
generated is consumed by electric machines. Improving efficiency in electric drives is
important, mainly for economic saving and reduction of environmental pollution. Induction
motors have a high efficiency at rated speed and torque. However, at light loads, motor
efficiency decreases dramatically due to an imbalance between the copper and the core
losses. Hence, energy saving can be achieved by proper selection of the flux level in the
motor.

An efficiency optimization controller, based on search method has been developed.

The proposed controller manipulates the value of stator voltage that maximizes the efficiency
at any given operating point. To reduce the slip to a certain value, a slip compensator has
been inserted into the drive system. The suggested technique can be used in variable
frequency, variable load electrical drive systems. Based on simulation analysis, it was noticed
that the compensated optimized system gives significant results at low frequencies and light
loads.

AC machines are preferable over DC machines due to their simple and most robust
construction without any mechanical commentators. Induction motors are the most widely
used motors for appliances like industrial control, and automation; hence, they are often
called the workhorse of the motion industry. As far as the machine efficiency, robustness,
reliability, durability, power factor, ripples, stable output voltage and torque are concerned,
three- phase induction motor stands at the a top of the order. Motor control is a significant,
but often ignored portion of embedded applications. All most in all the applications there is a
drastic move away from analogue motor control to precision digital control of motors using
different processors. Digital control of induction motors results in much more efficient
operation of the motor, resulting in longer life, lower power dissipation. Although various
induction motor control techniques are in practice today, the most popular control technique
is by generating variable frequency supply, which has constant voltage to ratio frequency
ratio. This technique is popularly known as V/F control.

The torque developed by the motor is directly proportional to the magnetic field
produced by the stator. So, the voltage applied to the stator is directly proportional to the
product of stator flux and angular velocity. This makes the flux produced by the stator
proportional to the ratio of applied voltage and frequency of supply. Therefore by varying the
voltage and frequency by the same ratio, the torque can be kept constant throughout the speed
range. The below relations justify the above explanation.

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 This makes constant V/F is the most common speed control of an induction motor.
The torque developed by the induction motor is directly proportional to the V/F ratio. If we
vary the voltage and frequency, keeping their ratio constant, then the torque produced by
induction motor will remain constant for all the speed range. The torque-speed characteristics
of the induction motor with V/F control. The voltage and frequency reaches the maximum
value at the base speed .We can drive the induction motor beyond the base speed. But by
doing so only frequency varies but not voltage. Hence the ratio of V/F will no longer remain
constant. Since the torque developed by the induction motor is directly proportional to the
V/F ratio will not remain constant throughout the speed.

Other than the variation in speed, the torque-speed characteristics of the V/F control reveal
the following:

The starting current is low.

The stable operating region of the motor is increased. Instead of simply running at its
base/ rated speed (NB), the motor can be run typically from 5% of the
synchronous speed (NS) up to the base speed. The torque generated by the motor can
be kept constant throughout this region.

CONLUSION
Speed control of motor is acquired with the accuracy of 15 rpm. Hence in this work
98% accuracy of speed control is recorded. The variation of stator voltage and frequency is
done proportionally, such that V/F ratio is constant. The inverter line to line voltage recoded
is very stable and very smooth with the use of filter.

REFERENCES
1) Energy Efficient Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor Drive by Hussein Sarhan
Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan

2) THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING IGBTs AND CONSTANT

V/F by M.S.Aspalli. Asha.R, P.V. Hunagund.Dept of Electrical & Electronics Engg, P.D.A.
College of Engineering, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India .

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Chapter 5 Dirty Mockup:

Here we have used a thick paper for making the outer body of motor. we have shaped
this paper like casing of motor .then the stator winding placed in this casing with the
mechanical support and stator winding are making from copper wire .This copper wire are
wound on laminated core. Here we have used a thermocole for making a base of motor.
Where motor is placed on foundation.

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