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Properties of Properties of Property: any characteristic that can be used to Malleability: able to be hammered and
Metals Nonmetals identify and describe matter shaped or rolled into thin sheets
Solid at room temp. Mostly gas at room
temp Physical Property: a characteristic of a substance Ductility: able to be stretched or drawn into
Malleable and ductile Brittle when solid that can be observed without changing the identity of wires without breaking
Have luster (shiny) Dull, not shiny the substance
Good conductors Bad conductors Examples: mass, volume, color, phases, Magnetism: a force of attraction or repulsion
Tend to lose Tend to gain magnetism, malleability, solubility, melting that exists between like or unlike poles
electrons in chemical electrons in chemical point, density
reactions reactions Conductivity: a material that allows
Chemical Property: a characteristic that describes electrons to flow easily; easily pass on heat or
Physical Properties how matter will change under certain conditions electricity on to other materials (the opposite
Examples: ability to burn, ability to rust, is an insulator)
reactivity
Density: mass per unit volume of a material Law of Conservation of Mass
Density = mass divided by volume Physical vs. Chemical Changes
Usually expressed in grams per cubic Reactants: the substances that exist before
centimeter or gram per milliliter Physical Change: alters the physical properties of a a chemical reaction takes place and the
substance without changing the identity of the substances are turned into something new
Solubility: a measure of how much of a substance
substance dissolves in a given amount of Examples: melting ice, tearing a sheet of Products: the substances created by a
another substance paper, sharpening a pencil chemical reaction
Solute: whats being dissolved Physical changes can cause a change in volume,
Solvent: what something is dissolved in mass or phase Law of Conservation of Mass: the total
Solubility increases as temperature goes Often times, physical changes can be reversed mass of the reactants must be equal to the
up total mass of the products
Solution: a mixture in which the particles Chemical Change: occurs when a substance is
are too small to be distinguished from changed into a new substance with different C + O CO2
each other and remain constantly and properties 12g + 6g 18g
uniformly mixed Examples: baking cookies, forming rust
All chemical reactions involve chemical reactions
Melting Point and Boiling Point: Very difficult or impossible to reverse Chemical Bonds
Phase, or state, of matter is a physical
Signs of a Chemical Change: Ionic Bond: the type of bond formed when
property
Forming a precipitate (a solid that forms from a one atoms transfers (gives) electrons to
Matter exists in three phases: solid, liquid
chemical reaction between two liquids) another atom
and gas
Melting point the temperature when a Gas formation
Color change Covalent Bond: the type of bond formed
solid changes to a liquid
Energy change when atoms share electrons
Boiling point temperature at which gas
bubbles form in a liquid and rise to the
Ion: an atom that has lost or gained electrons
surface to escape the liquid as a gas
and therefore has a positive or negative
charge.
Specific Heat: the amount of heat needed to
raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree
Celsius
If an atom loses electrons, it becomes positive
If the specific heat is high, a large
because it lost negative particles.
amount of energy is required to heat up
the substance
If an atom gains electrons, it becomes
If the specific heat is low, the material
negative because it gains negative particles.
easily heats up with a little energy