CONTENT

NO Content Guidelines Pages

1 Title of experiment 1
2 Introduction 2

3 Objectives

4 Apparatus

5 Procedure

6 Result & Calculation

7 Discussion

8 Conclusion

9 Reference

0
TITLE

S1- Shear Force

INTRODUCTION

A structural element which is subjected to load across to its axis is called a

beam. Usually, a beam is either free from any axial force or its effect is negligible.
Beam analysis includes the determination of shear force, bending moment, and the
deflections at different sections. This lab S1 will deals with the finding of shear
force at different section of a beam.
When a beam is loaded by forces and couples, internal stresses arise on the
bar. Generally, normal and shear stresses will created. In order to determine the
magnitude of theses stresses at any section of the beam, it is necessary to know the
resultant force and moment acting on that section. These may be calculated by
applying the equilibrium equations.
Shear force which usually denoted by the letter V is the unbalanced vertical
force on one side either left or right of a section of a beam and is the sum of all
normal forces on one side of the section (Rattan, 2008). As a force at a section
means a force of a certain magnitude acting at that point, hence shear force at a
section means the sum of all the forces on one side of the section. In other words,
as explained by Hibbeler (2013) this force lies in the plane of the area and it is
created when the external load applied contribute to cause the two segments of the
beam to slide over one another.
A shear force diagram is needed to shows the variation of the shear force
along the length of the beam. Thus, we need to identify the type of beam and load
used as there are different type of beams and load existed. In this lab, we used a
simply supported beam which supported by a pin and roller at both end. As
claimed by Bansal (2010), concentrated or point load is considered to act at a
point, although logically it might be distributed over a small area. Thus, three of
this load were also used in this experiment.
OBJECTIVE
APPARATUS

1. Load hanger
2. Masses
3. Beam
4. Support frame
5. 1 meter ruler

PROCEDURE

W1 W2 W3

A B

Figure S1-1

1. Both of the knife edged was fixed tightly on the beam span.
2. The length of the beam span was being measured using 1 meter ruler.
3. The two spring balance was adjusted until the 2 sections of the beam are of
equal level and the entire beam aligned to the spring. Then, the spring
balance reading was recorded as no load datum value.
4. Load hanger was placed at their respective design for the placement of load
(100mm, 550mm, 750mm).
5. One load hanger 100mm is position from A, the second hanger is 550mm
from A and third hanger is 750mm position from A.
6. For the first case, 5N is placed on the first hanger, 10N for the second
hanger and 30N for the third hanger.
7. The balancing shear force of the realigned beam is recorded.
8. For the second case, 5N was placed on the first hanger, 20N on the second
hanger and 40N on the third hanger.
9. The balancing shear force of the realigned beam once again was being
recorded.
10. In the third case, 5N load was placed on the first hanger, 15N on the
second hanger and 30N on the third hanger.
11. The balancing shear force of the realigned beam was recorded.
 RESULT

Shear force for different cases involve different weight of load are shown based on
figure ;

Cas W1 W2 W3 Balance Actu RA (N) RB (N) Shear Force at x=300m

e (N) (N) (N) Reading al (N)
(N) Forc
e (N) Experimenta Theoretica
l l

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(datum)

1. 5 10 30 7.0 7.0 13.333 31.667 7.0 8.333

2. 5 20 40 9.75 9.75 18.889 46.111 9.75 13.889

3. 20 0 0 9.0 9.0 15.278 34.722 9.0 10.278

 CALCULATION
Case 1

+
MA = 0
RB (900) - 5(100) - 10(550) - 30(750) = 0
RB = 31.667 N

+Fy = 0

V RA - 5 - 10 - 30 + 31.667 = 0
RA = 13.333 N
5N

M
13.333 N

X = 300mm

+Fy = 0
13.333 - 5 - V = 0
V = 8.333 N

+M300 = 0
5(100) - 13.333(300) + M = 0
M = 3499.9 N.mm
 Case 2

+
MA = 0
RB (900) - 5(100) - 20(550) - 40(750) = 0
RB = 46.111 N

+Fy = 0

V RA - 5 - 20 - 40 + 46.111 = 0
RA = 18.889 N
5N

M
18.889 N

X = 300mm

+Fy = 0
18.889 - 5 - V = 0
V = 13.889 N

+M300 = 0
5(100) - 18.887(300) + M = 0
M = 5166.7 N.mm
 Case 3

+
MA = 0
RB (900) - 5(100) - 15(550) - 30(750) = 0
RB = 34.722 N

+Fy = 0

V RA - 5 - 15 - 30 + 34.722 = 0
RA = 15.278 N
5N

M
15.278 N

X = 300mm

+Fy = 0
15.278 - 5 - V = 0
V = 10.278 N

+M300 = 0
5(100) - 15.278(300) + M = 0
M = 4083.4 N.mm
Percentage error of shear force

Percentage error of bending moment for the respective cases can be determine using
the formula ;

theoretica l value - experiment al value

100
% error of shear force = theoretica l value

8.333 7
100%
8.333
Percentage error for V, case 1

= 16%

13.889 9.75
100%
c 13.889
Per entage error for V, case 2

= 29.80%

10.278 9
100%
10.278
Percentage error for V, case 3

= 12.43%

Different percentage error is observed in all three cases, it is believed that some
inevitable error have been occurred throughout the experiment.
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

Hibbeler, R. C. (2013). Mechanics of materials (9th ed.). Buona Vista, Singapore:

Pearson Prentice Hall.

Rattan, S. S. (2008). Strength of materials. Patel Nagar, New Delhi: Tata

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

Bansal, R. K. (2010). A textbook of strength of materials in S.I Units (4th ed.).

Daryaganj, New Delhi: Laxmi Publications.

Shear force and bending moment. (2000, October 5). Retrieved from
http://people.virginia.edu/~pjm8f/engr162/beam/shear_force_and_bending_m
oment.htm