ENGLISH-SPANISH

ESPAOL-INGLS
Esta obra ha sido realizada bajo la iniciativa
y coordinacin general del Editor.

Dire ccin editorial: Jordi Indurin Pons

Coordinacin editorial: M Jos Simn Aragn, Jordi Teb Soriano
Asesora pedaggica: Llus Figueras Havidich, M Rosa Ramntol Estela
Realizacin: dos ms dos edicions, s. l.
Ilustraciones: Juanjo Barco (Alins ilustracin), Estudi Farrs
Cartografa: Santi Maicas
Diseo de cubierta: Juan Manuel Neira

Reservados todos los derechos. El contenido de esta obra est protegido

por la Ley, que establece penas de prisin y/o multas, adems de las
correspondientes indemnizaciones por daos y perjuicios, para quienes
plagiaren, reprodujeren, distribuyeren o comunicaren pblicamente, en
todo o en parte y en cualquier tipo de soporte o a travs de cualquier medio,

Larousse Editorial, S.L.

Mallorca 45
08029 Barcelona
www.larousse.es
larousse@larousse.es

Primera edicin: 2007

Tercera reimpresin: septiembre 2013

ISBN: 978-84-7153-268-8
Depsito legal: TO-0002-2009

Imprime:
Quad/Graphics Chile S.A.
Avenida Gladys Marin 6920,
Estacin Central,Santiago, Chile.
 Presentacin

Q
uiz ya tengas la costumbre de consultar el diccionario o
puede que esta sea la primera vez que ojeas uno. En cual-
quier caso, te ser til leer estas pginas para descubrir to-
das las cosas que puedes aprender con este libro. En primer lugar,
hablemos de nmeros. Vas a encontrar 30.000 palabras o entradas
(17.000 de ellas en lengua inglesa) y 70.000 traducciones. Hay diccio-
narios que tienen muchsimas ms, pero no estn adaptados al curso
que t realizas o a la etapa educativa en la que te encuentras. Tiempo
al tiempo: ya los descubrirs. Ahora te interesa tener una seleccin
de vocabulario que nuestros expertos editores y un grupo de profe-
sores han seleccionado para ti, para que da a da y ao tras ao vayas
ampliando tus conocimientos de ingls de forma gradual.
Casi sin darte cuenta, vas aprendiendo vocabulario nuevo cada da
ya sea en clase, al ver una pelcula, al escuchar una cancin o al visitar
una pgina web. A veces puedes deducir el significado de una palabra
desconocida porque pertenece a la misma familia que otra que s has
estudiado, pero hay ocasiones en que no es fcil. Entonces, recurre a tu
diccionario: aprenders el significado de esa palabra nueva, encontrars
ejemplos que te ensearn cmo se usa y otras informaciones que, con
ayuda de tu profesor, te permitirn mejorar tu ingls.
Has empezado a ojear el diccionario por las pginas centrales?
Te han gustado las lminas? Hemos seleccionado algunos temas
interesantes para que aprendas palabras nuevas y recuerdes el
significado de las que ya conoces. Vers que muchos dibujos te
recuerdan lo que has estudiado en clase.
Puede que alguna vez hayas pensado cmo sera hablar
nicamente ingls con los compaeros y profesores. En las pginas
azules encontrars diversas frases ordenadas por asignaturas para
que puedas ir practicando. Seguro que disfrutas aprendiendo
expresiones que te gustara decir en ingls pero que no encuentras
en los libros! Tus profesores te orientarn para sacarles el mejor
partido tanto al vocabulario como a las frases.
Y ahora que conoces mejor el diccionario que tienes en las manos
scale el mximo provecho. Are you ready?
 ndice

P Cmo usar este diccionario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-X

P Abreviaturas usadas en este diccionario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-XII

P English-Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-440

P Aprender en ingls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-XXVI

P Lminas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-XXXII

P Espaol-Ingls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-382
 VII

Cmo usar
este diccionario

Quizs pienses que un diccionario slo te ensea la traduccin

de una palabra. Vamos a explicarte todas las cosas que puedes
hacer con l, porque seguro que alguna de ellas te resultar nueva:

Has descubierto que una palabra se escriba de manera distinta

P 

a la que creas? Cada da utilizamos ms palabras en ingls pero

a veces no sabemos cmo se escriben o nos da pereza buscarlas
en el diccionario. Acurdate bien de cada palabra que busques
y as consolidars tu vocabulario.

appearance [pIrns] n 1 (becoming aparcamiento nm 1 (accin) parking. 2

visible) aparicin f. 2 (before a court, etc) (en la calle) place to park, parking
comparecencia. 3 (look) apariencia. place

arithmetic [(n) rITmtIk; (adj) QrIT aproximacin nf 1 (gen) approxi-

metIk] n aritmtica. mation. 2 (acercamiento) bringing to-
P adj aritmtico,a. gether; (de pases) rapprochement.

Ves los corchetes [ ] que hay inmediatamente despus de la palabra

P 

en ingls? Si lees lo que pone, la sabrs pronunciar, porque

en ingls muchas palabras se pronuncian de forma distinta a como se
escriben. Tal vez hay signos que no entiendes, pero en otro apartado
hablaremos de ellos y te ensearemos qu significa cada uno.
achievement [tSivmnt] n 1 (com-
pletion) realizacin f. 2 (attainment)
logro. 3 (feat) hazaa, proeza.
Cmo usar este diccionario VIII

Has visto unas abreviaturas despus de cmo se pronuncia una

P 

palabra? Estas letras te indican si la palabra es un verbo transitivo,

un nombre, un adjetivo, un adverbio, etc. Seguro que tus profesores
de lengua te han explicado el significado de estas palabras. Aqu
puedes poner en prctica todo lo que te explican: a veces una misma
palabra inglesa puede ser un nombre o un adjetivo y tener dos
significados diferentes. Hay que prestar atencin a las diferentes
funciones de las palabras para no confundirse al traducir.

behind [bIhaInd] prep detrs de.

P adv 1 detrs, atrs. 2 (late) atrasa
alemn,ana adj German.
P nm & nf (persona) German.
do,a.
P nm alemn (idioma) German.
P n fam (buttocks) trasero.

Ves que en algunas palabras aparecen unos nmeros en color azul?

P 

Estos te indican los diferentes significados de una palabra.

El nmero 1 sera el significado ms corriente, pero los otros tambin
son interesantes y te pueden ayudar a encontrar la traduccin
que buscas.

capital [kQpItl] n 1 (of country, etc) ca- ampliar vt 1 to enlarge, extend. 2

pital f. 2 fin capital m: starting capital arquit to build an extension onto.
capital inicial. 3 (letter) mayscula: 3 (fotografa) to enlarge. 4 (capital) to
write it in capitals escrbelo con mays- increase. 5 (estudios) to further. 6
culas. (tema, idea) to develop, expand on.

Hay palabras que slo se emplean en una expresin

P 

concreta o que slo se usan con una preposicin. Otras tienen

peculiaridades, como un plural irregular. Por eso debes
asegurarte de leer todo lo que se dice de esa palabra.
Seguro que descubrirs cosas nuevas que te ayudarn a comprender
mejor su significado y su uso.

capability [keIpbIlItI] n capacidad absorto,a adj 1 (pasmado) amazed,

f (to, para/de). bewildered. 2 (ensimismado) ab
pl capabilities. sorbed (en, in).

Has visto un recuadro azul con las letras c o m p ? Quiere decir que
P 

la palabra que has buscado acostumbra a aparecer junto a otra y la

suma de las dos tiene un significado distinto. Has visto tambin
 IX Cmo usar este diccionario
las letras l o c ? Ahora puedes aprender frases o expresiones donde
aparece esa palabra y ver de qu verbos va acompaada normalmente.

elementary [elImentrI] adj 1 (basic) accidente nm 1 accident: sufrir un acci-

elemental, bsico,a. 2 (easy) fcil,
sencillo,a. c o m p elementary educa
tion enseanza primaria.
faithfully [feITfUlI] adv fielmente.
l o c yours faithfully (in letter) atenta-
mente.
dente to have an accident. 2 (terreno)
unevenness. l o c por accidente by
chance. c o m p accidente de trabajo in-
dustrial accident. y accidente de trfi
co road accident. y accidentes geo
grficos geographical features.

P  Has visto unas letras (por ejemplo GB) despus de uno de los nmeros
que indican los diferentes significados? O despus de una entrada y
antes de una flecha? Este diccionario te explica las palabras segn se
utilizan en Gran Bretaa. Algunas cosas tienen nombres distintos en
Estados Unidos, en Canad o en Australia, y el diccionario te explica si
la palabra que buscas se emplea nicamente en uno de esos pases.
Si aparecen otras letras, cada una de ellas se refiere a la especialidad en
la que se utiliza esa palabra: por ejemplo, un significado de cocina,
militar, etc.

dresser [dresr] n 1 gb (in kitchen) apara-
dor m. 2 us (chest of drawers) tocador m.
fail [feIl] n educ suspenso.
P vt 1 (let down) fallar, decepcionar;
(desert) fallar, faltar. 2 educ suspender.
ADN abrev med (cido desoxirribonu-
cleico) desoxyribonucleic acid;
(abreviatura) DNA.
adobar vt 1 culin to marinate, ma-
rinade. 2 (pieles) to tan.

P  Si ves un cuadro azul con una ,, lelo con atencin Esa informacin
es muy interesante. En ingls hay palabras que a veces se parecen al
castellano, pero no quieren decir lo mismo y puedes equivocarte.

fabric [fQbrIk] n 1 (material) tela, teji-

do. 2 (structure) fbrica, estructura.
, Fabric no significa 'fbrica', que se
traduce por factory.

Un diccionario a veces se parece a una minienciclopedia.

P 

Si ves un texto con el fondo azul y una bola del mundo, all
encontrars explicaciones sobre las costumbres de los pases
 Cmo usar este diccionario X

donde se habla ingls. Seguro que en el colegio tambin te las

explicarn y el diccionario te ayudar a recordarlas.

GCSE [dZisiesi] abbr gb (General Certifi-

cate of Secondary Education) Ensean-
za Secundaria Obligatoria; (abbreviation)
ESO f.
" GSCE es el examen que se hace en
Gran Bretaa al final de la enseanza se-
cundaria, a los 16 aos aproximadamente.

Has buscado una palabra que queras saber y te has encontrado una
P 

flecha y otra palabra que desconoces? Entonces ests de suerte, vas

a aprender al menos dos palabras. Eso quiere decir que para conocer
esa palabra has de ir a otra ms importante o de la cual viene o con
la que tiene relacin. Entonces podrs conocer su significado.

got [gt] pt & pp get. adecuado,a pp adecuar.

gray [greI] adj us grey. P adj adequate, suitable.

Adems, tambin encontrars mucha informacin referida a las

P 

palabras, como su plural, su pasado o su participio, si son irregulares,

o explicaciones sobre su utilizacin. Para que localices rpido estas
explicaciones, van precedidas de una o un ..

berry [berI] n baya.

pl berries.
. Hay muchas frutas cuyo nombre se
forma con berry, ya que se trata de bayas.
Por ejemplo: blackberry (mora), goose-
berry (grosella espinosa), raspberry
(frambuesa) o strawberry (fresn).

Esperamos que todas estas explicaciones te sean de ayuda y las utilices.

Ahora puedes empezar a utilizar tu diccionario porque ya ests
preparado para saber cmo usarlo.
 XI
Abreviaturas usadas
en este diccionario
abr abreviatura, abbreviation
adj adjective, adjetivo
abbr abbreviation, abreviatura
adv adverb, adverbio
aer aeronautics, aeronutica
agr agriculture, agricultura
am American Spanish,
espaol americano
anat anatomy, anatoma
arch architecture, arquitectura
arg argot, slang
arq arquitectura, architecture
art art, arte
art article, artculo
art def artculo definido,
definite article
art indef artculo indefinido,
indefinite article
auto automobiles, automvil
av aviation, aviacin
biol biology, biologa
bot botany, botnica
chem chemistry, qumica
cinem cinema, cinematografa
com comercio, commerce
comm commerce, comercio
comp comparative, comparativo
comput computing, informtica
conj conjunction, conjuncin
contr contraction, contraccin
cost costura, sewing
culin cookery, cocina
def art definite article,
artculo definido
dep deporte, sport
educ education, educacin
elec electricity, electricidad
etc etcetera, etctera
euf uso eufemstico,
euphemistic use
euph euphemistic use,
uso eufemstico
fam familiar use, uso familiar
fig figurative use,
uso figurado
fin finance, finanzas
fs fsica, physics
fml formal use, uso formal
fut future, futuro
gb British English,
ingls britnico
gen in general, en general
geog geography, geografa
geol geology, geologa
ger gerund, gerundio
gram grammar, gramtica
hist history, historia
imperat imperative, imperativo
imperf imperfect, imperfecto
indef art indefinite article,
artculo indefinido
indic indicative, indicativo
inf infinitive, infinitivo
inform informtica, computing
interj interjection, interjeccin
iron ironic, irnico
irn irnico, ironic
jur law, derecho
ling linguistics, lingstica
lit literature, literatura
loc locucin, phrase
mar maritime, martimo
mat matemticas, mathematics
math mathematics, matemticas
med medicine, medicina
meteor meteorology,
meteorologa
mil military, militar
mus music, msica
ms msica, music
n noun, nombre
neut neuter, neutro
nf feminine noun,
nombre femenino
Abreviaturas usadas en este diccionario
nf pl plural feminine noun,
nombre femenino plural
nm masculine noun,
nombre masculino
nm o nf m
 asculine or feminine noun,
nombre de gnero ambiguo
nm & nf masculine and feminine
noun, nombre de gnero
comn
nm pl masculine plural noun,
nombre masculino plural
npl plural noun, nombre plural
os oneself
pej pejorative, peyorativo
pers person, persona
pey peyorativo, pejorative
phr phrase, locucin
phys physics, fsica
pol politics, poltica
pp past participle,
participio pasado
pref prefix, prefijo
prep preposition, preposicin
pres present, presente
pron pronoun, pronombre
pt past, pasado
qum qumica, chemistry
rad radio
rel religion, religin
sew sewing, costura
sm smbolo, symbol
sing singular
sl slang, argot
sp sport, deporte
subj subjunctive, subjuntivo
superl superlative, superlativo
symb symbol, smbolo
teat teatro, theatre
tc tcnica, technical
tech technical, tcnica
theat theatre, teatro
tv television, televisin
us American English,
ingls norteamericano
XII
v aux auxiliary verb,
verbo auxiliar
vi intransitive verb,
verbo intransitivo
vpr pronominal verb,
verbo pronominal
vt transitive verb,
verbo transitivo
vt insep inseparable transitive
p
 hrasal verb, verbo
preposicional transitivo
inseparable
vt sep separable transitive
p
 hrasal verb, verbo
preposicional transitivo
separable
zool zoology, zoologa
approximately equivalent
t o, aproximadamente
equivalente a
see, vase
P indica cambio de categora
gramatical
a indica que se trata
de un phrasal verb
l o c  indica que se inicia
e l bloque de frases
y locuciones
c o m p indica que se inicia
el bloque de
compuestos
indica que se inicia una
n
 ota sobre algn tipo
de irregularidad morfolgica
. indica que se inicia una
n
 ota sobre alguna
particularidad de
la palabra
, indica que se inicia una
n
 ota sobre un falso
amigo
" indica que se inicia una
nota de tipo cultural
English
Spanish

A, a [eI] n 1 (the letter) A, a. 2 mus la.
a [eI, unstressed ] indef art 1 un, una: a
man and a woman un hombre y una mu
jer. 2 (not translated): Im a history teacher
soy profesor de historia; two and a half
litres dos litros y medio. 3 (per) por:
three times a week tres veces por semana;
3 a kilo tres libras el kilo. 4 (a certain) un
tal, una tal: a Mr Fletcher would like to see
you un tal Sr. Fletcher quiere verle.
. Se usa delante de las palabras que em
piezan con sonido no voclico. Consulta
tambin an.
aback [bQk] adv hacia atrs. loc to
be taken aback asombrarse.
abacus [Qbks] n baco.
abandon [bQndn] vt abandonar.
abate [beIt] vi (gen) reducirse; (storm,
anger) amainar; (wind) cesar.
P vt (reduce) reducir; (stop) acabar con.
abattoir [QbtwAr] n matadero.
abbey [QbI] n abada.
abbot [Qbt] n abad m.
abbreviate [brivIeIt] vt abreviar.
abbreviation [brivIeISn] n 1 (short-
ening) abreviacin f. 2 (shortened form)
abreviatura.
abdicate [QbdIkeIt] vi abdicar.
abdomen [Qbdmn] n abdomen m.
abdominal [QbdmInl] adj abdomi
nal. c o m p abdominal muscles mscu
los abdominales.
abduct [Qbdkt] vt raptar, secuestrar.
abhor [bhr] vt aborrecer, detestar.
pt & pp abhorred, ger abhorring.
abide [baId] vt (bear, stand) soportar,
aguantar: I cant abide that woman no
aguanto a esa mujer.
A
1
a to abide by vt insep (promise) cumplir
con; (rules, decision) acatar.
ability [bIlItI] n 1 (capability) capaci
dad f, aptitud f. 2 (talent) talento.
pl abilities.
ablation [bleISn] n ablacin f.
ablaze [bleIz] adj ardiendo, en llamas.
able [eIbl] adj 1 que puede: those able
to escape did so aqullos que podan se
escaparon. 2 (capable) hbil, capaz,
competente: hes a very able administra-
tor es un gestor muy competente. l o c
to be able to poder.
. En pasado, to be able to se emplea en
vez de could para expresar una capacidad
relacionada con un acontecimiento con
creto: we weren't able to go no pudimos ir.
abnormal [Qbnml] adj 1 (not normal)
anormal. 2 (unusual) inusual.
aboard [bd] adv (ship, plane) a bordo;
(train) en el tren; (bus) en el autobs.
P prep (ship, plane) a bordo de; (train, bus)
en. l o c to go aboard 1 (ship, plane) em
barcar, subir a bordo. 2 (train, bus) su
bir.
abode [bUd] n loc of no fixed abode
sin domicilio fijo.
abolish [blIS] vt 1 abolir, suprimir.
2 jur derogar.
abominable [bmInbl] adj abomi
nable; (terrible) terrible, horrible. c o m p
the Abominable Snowman el Yeti.
aborigine [QbrIdZInI] n aborigen mf.
abort [bt] vi abortar.
P vt 1 (foetus) abortar. 2 (mission, pro-
gram, etc) abortar.
abortion [bSn] n 1 (of foetus) aborto.
2 (of mission, etc) interrupcin f.
 abound
abound [baUnd] vi abundar.
about [baUt] prep 1 (concerning) sobre,
acerca de: to speak about hablar de;
what is the book about? de qu trata el li
bro? 2 (showing where) por, en; (around)
alrededor de: hes somewhere about the
house est por algn rincn de la casa.
P adv 1 (approximately) alrededor de: at
about three oclock a eso de las tres; it cost
about 500 cost unas quinientas libras.
2 fam (almost) casi: shes about finished
est a punto de acabar. 3 (near) por
aqu, por ah: there was nobody about no
haba nadie. l o c to be about to estar
a punto de y how/what about +
noun qu te parece + sustantivo?: how
about a pizza? qu te parece si tomamos
una pizza? y how/what about + -ing y
si + subj?: how about going to Paris y si
furamos a Pars?
above [bv] prep 1 (higher than) por
encima de: above our heads por encima
de nuestras cabezas. 2 (more than) ms
de, ms que: above 5,000 people ms de
5.000 personas.
P adv 1 arriba, en lo alto: the palace,
seen from above el palacio, visto desde
arriba. 2 (in writing) arriba: see above va
se arriba. l o c above all sobre todo.
above-board [bvbd] adj leg
timo,a, legal.
abreast [brest] adv l o c to walk
abreast caminar uno al lado de otro;
to keep abreast of things estar al tan
to de las cosas.
abridge [brIdZ] vt resumir, abreviar.
abroad [brd] adv (position) en el ex
tranjero; (movement) al extranjero.
abrupt [brpt] adj 1 (sudden) repen
tino,a. 2 (rude) brusco,a, arisco,a. 3
(slope) empinado,a.
ABS [eIbies] abbr (anti-lock braking sys-
tem) sistema m de antibloqueo; (ab-
breviation) ABS.
abscess [Qbses] n (gen) absceso; (on
gum) flemn m.
abscond [bsknd] vi fugarse.
abseil [QbseIl] vi hacer rappel.
absence [Qbsns] n 1 (of person) ausen
cia. 2 (of thing) falta, carencia.
2
absent [(adj) Qbsnt; (vb) Qbsent] adj 1
ausente. 2 (expression) distrado,a.
absentee [Qbsnti] n ausente mf.
absenteeism [QbsntiIzm] n absen
tismo.
absent-minded [QbsntmaIndId] adj
distrado,a, despistado,a.
absolute [Q bs lUt ] adj 1 (gen)
absoluto,a. 2 (total) total: there was ab-
solute silence hubo silencio total. c o m p
absolute zero cero absoluto.
absolutely [QbslUtlI] adv completa
mente, totalmente.
P interj (agreement) por supuesto!,
desde luego!: I think we should sell.
What about you John? Oh, absolutely!
creo que deberamos vender. Y t
John? Oh, por supuesto!
absolution [QbslUSn] n absolucin f.
absolutism [QbslUtIzm] n absolu
tismo.
absolve [bzlv] vt absolver (of/from,
de).
absorb [bzb] vt 1 (liquids, etc) absor
ber; (shock) amortiguar. 2 (time) ocupar.
absorption [bzpSn] n absorcin f.
abstain [bsteIn] vi abstenerse (from,
de).
abstemious [QbstimIs] adj abste
mio,a, sobrio,a.
abstention [QbstenSn] n abstencin f.
abstinence [QbstInns] n abstinencia.
abstract [ (adj-n) QbstrQkt ; (vb) Qb
strQkt] adj (not concrete) abstracto,a.
P n (summary) resumen m.
absurd [bsd] adj absurdo,a.
abundance [bndns] n abundancia.
abundant [bndnt] adj abundante.
abuse [(n) bjUs; (vb) bjUz] n 1 (verbal)
insultos mpl; (physical) malos tratos
mpl. 2 (misuse) abuso.
P vt 1 (verbally) insultar; (physically)
maltratar. 2 (misuse) abusar de.
abyss [bIs] n abismo.
abysmal [bIsml] adj psimo,-a.
AC [eIsi] abbr elec (alternating current)
corriente f alterna; (abbreviation) CA f.
academic [QkdemIk] adj 1 (gen) aca
dmico,a. 2 (theoretical) terico: its a

purely academic question es una cuestin
puramente terica.
P n (scholar) acadmico,a; (lecturer)
profesor,ra universitario,a. c o m p
academic year ao acadmico.
academy [kQdmI] n 1 academia. 2
(in Scotland) instituto de enseanza
media.
pl academies.
accelerate [QkselreIt] vt acelerar.
P vi acelerarse.
acceleration [QkselreISn] n acelera
cin f.
accelerator [kselreItr] n acelera
dor m.
accent [(n) Qksnt; (vb) Qksent] n acento.
P vt acentuar.
accentuate [QksentSUeIt] vt acentuar.
accentuation [QksentSUeISn] n acen
tuacin f.
accept [ksept] vt aceptar, admitir.
acceptable [kseptbl] adj acepta
ble, admisible.
acceptance [kseptns] n 1 (act of accept-
ing) aceptacin f. 2 (approval) acogida.
access [Qkses] n acceso.
P vt comput acceder a, entrar en. c o m p
access code cdigo de acceso. y access
road carretera de acceso.
accessibility [QksesIbIlItI] n accesi
bilidad f.
accessible [QksesIbl] adj 1 accesible.
2 (person) asequible, tratable.
accessory [QksesrI] n 1 (gadget) acce
sorio. 2 jur (accomplice) cmplice mf.
P n pl accessories (bag, gloves, etc) com
plementos mpl.
pl accessories.
accident [QksIdnt] n accidente m.
by accident por casualidad.
loc
accidental [QksIdent l] adj fort ui
to,a.
acclaim [kleIm] n 1 (welcome) aclama
cin f. 2 (praise) elogios mpl, alabanza.
P vt 1 (welcome) aclamar. 2 (praise) elo
giar, alabar.
acclimatize [klaImtaIz] vt aclimatar.
P vi aclimatarse.
accommodate [kmdeIt] vt alojar.
3 accuracy
accommodation
A
[kmdeIS n] n
alojamiento.
accomplice [kmplIs] n cmplice mf.
accomplish [kmplIS] vt lograr.
accomplishment [kmplISmnt] n 1
(act of achieving) realizacin f. 2 (achieve-
ment) logro.
P n pl accomplishments (skills) aptitu
des fpl, dotes fpl, habilidades fpl.
accord [kd] n (agreement) acuerdo:
the Oslo accords los acuerdos de Oslo. l o c
of ones own accord espontneamen
te, por propia voluntad.
P vt (award) conceder, otorgar.
, To accord no significa acordar, que
se traduce por to agree.
accordance [kdns] l o c in accord
ance with de acuerdo con.
according [kdIN] prep according to
1 segn: according to Philip/the paper/my
watch segn Philip/el peridico/mi reloj.
2 (consistent with) de acuerdo con: it
went according to plan sali tal como se
haba previsto.
accordion [kdIn] n acorden m.
account [kaUnt] n 1 (in bank) cuenta. 2
(report) relacin f, relato, informe m: he
gave us an account of his experiences nos
cont sus experiencias. l o c on account of
por, a causa de: dont leave on my account
no te vayas por m. y on no account bajo
ningn concepto. y to keep the ac
counts llevar las cuentas. y to take into
account tener en cuenta. c o m p accounts
department seccin f de contabilidad.
a to account for vi explicar.
accountable [kaUntbl] adj l o c to be
accountable to sb for sth ser responsa
ble ante algn de algo.
accountant [kaUntnt] n contable mf.
accumulate [kjUmjUleIt] vt acumular.
P vi acumularse.
accumulation [kjUmjUleISn] n acu
mulacin f.
accumulator [kjUmjUleIt r] n acu
mulador m.
accuracy [QkjUrsI] n 1 (of numbers, in-
strument, information) exactitud f, preci
sin f. 2 (of shot) certeza.
 accurate
accurate [QkjUrt] adj 1 (numbers, etc)
exacto,a, preciso,a. 2 (instrument) de
precisin. 3 (shot) certero,a.
accusation [QkjUzeISn] n acusacin f.
accuse [kjUz] vt acusar (of, de).
accused [kjUzd] n the accused (man)
el acusado; (woman) la acusada.
accustom [kstm] vt acostumbrar
(to, a).
accustomed [kstmd] adj l o c to be
accustomed to esar acostumbrado a.
ace [eIs] n 1 (gen) as m. 2 (tennis) ace m.
acetic [sitIk] adj actico,a. c o m p ace
tic acid cido actico.
acetone [QsItUn] n acetona.
acetylene [setIlin] n acetileno.
ache [eIk] n dolor m.
P vi doler: my head aches me duele la ca
beza, tengo dolor de cabeza.
. Ache se usa para formar palabras
compuestas como headache (dolor de ca-
beza), toothache (dolor de muelas), ear-
ache (dolor de odos) o stomach-ache
(dolor de estmago).
achieve [tSiv] vt 1 (finish) realizar, lle
var a cabo. 2 (attain) lograr, conseguir.
achievement [tSivmnt] n 1 (comple-
tion) realizacin f. 2 (attainment) logro.
3 (feat) hazaa, proeza.
Achilles [kIliz] n Aquiles. c o m p Achilles
heel fig taln m de Aquiles. y Achil
les tendon anat tendn m de Aquiles.
acid [QsId] adj 1 chem cido,a. 2
(taste) agrio,a. c o m p acid rain lluvia
cida.
P n chem cido,a.
acknowledge [knlIdZ] vt 1 (admit)
admitir, reconocer. 2 (be thankful)
agradecer, expresar agradecimiento
por. l o c to acknowledge receipt of
acusar recibo de.
acknowledgement [knlIdZmnt] n
1 (recognition) reconocimiento. 2
(thanks) muestra de agradecimiento.
c o m p acknowledgement of receipt acu
se m de recibo.
acknowledgment [QknlIdZmnt] n
acknowledgement.
4
acne [QknI] n acn f.
acorn [eIkn] n bellota.
acoustic [kUstIk] adj acstico,a.
acoustics [kUstIks] n (science) acstica.
Pn pl (sound conditions) acstica f sing.
acquaint [kweInt] vt informar (with,
de). l o c to acquaint os with sth fami
liarizarse con algo. y to be acquaint
ed with sb conocer a algn, tener trato
con algn.
acquaintance [kweIntns] n (person)
conocido,a: an acquaintance of mine un
conocido mo. l o c to make sbs acquaint
ance conocer a algn.
acquiesce [QkwIes] vi consentir (in,
en), conformarse (in, con).
acquire [kwaIr] vt adquirir.
acquisition [QkwIzISn] n adquisicin f.
acquit [kwIt] vt absolver, declarar
inocente.
pt & pp acquitted, ger acquitting.
acquittal [kwItl] n absolucin f.
acre [eIkr] n acre m.
. Un acre equivale a 40,47 hectreas.
acrobat [QkrbQt] n acrbata mf.
acrobatic [QkrbQtIk] adj acrobti
co,a.
acronym [QkrnIm] n sigla.
acropolis [krplIs] n acrpolis f.
across [krs] prep 1 (movement) a tra
vs de, de un lado a otro de: to swim
across a river cruzar un ro nadando/a na
do. 2 (position) al otro lado de: they live
across the road viven enfrente.
P adv de un lado a otro: its 4 metres
across mide 4 metros de lado a lado.
. Con verbos como walk, run, swim, etc,
se suele traducir por cruzar o atravesar.
acrylic [krIlIk] adj acrlico,a.
act [Qkt] n 1 acto, accin f. 2 theat ac
to. 3 (of parliament) ley f. c o m p act of
God fuerza mayor.
P vi 1 (do something) actuar. 2 (behave)
portarse, comportarse: she acts like a
little girl se comporta como una nia. 3
(in theatre) actuar, hacer teatro; (in cin-
ema) actuar, hacer cine.

P vt hacer el papel de: shes acting (the
part of) Portia ella hace el papel de Por
tia.
a to act as vt insep hacer de: I had to act as
interpreter tuve que hacer de intrprete.
acting [QktIN] adj en funciones.
P n 1 theat (profession) teatro. 2 (perfor-
mance) interpretacin f, actuacin f.
actinium [QktInIm] n actinio.
action [QkSn] n 1 (gen) accin f. 2 jur
demanda. c o m p action replay repeti
cin f de la jugada. y action stations
zafarrancho de combate.
, Action no significa accin (de una
empresa), que se traduce por share.
activate [QktIveIt] vt (mechanism, bomb)
activar.
activation [QktIveISn] n (of mechanism,
bomb) activacin f.
active [QktIv] adj activo,a. c o m p the
active voice la voz activa.
activism [QktIvIzm] n activismo.
activist [QktIvIst] n activista mf.
activity [QktIvItI] n actividad f.
pl activities.
actor [Qktr] n actor m.
actress [Qktrs] n actriz f.
actual [QktSUl] adj real, verd ad e
ro,a.
, Actual no significa actual, que se
traduce por present, current o up-to-
date.
actually [QktjUlI] adv 1 en realidad,
realmente, de hecho: I havent actually
decided what to do yet en realidad, toda
va no he decidido qu hacer. 2 (indicat-
ing surprise) incluso, hasta: she actually
accused me of stealing her bag hasta me
acus de robarle el bolso.
, Actually no significa actualmente,
que se traduce por nowadays, at present.
acupuncture [QkjUpnktS] n
acupuntura.
acupuncturist [QkjUpnktSrIst] n
acupunturista mf.
acute [kjUt] adj 1 (gen) agudo,a. 2 (an-
gle) agudo,a. 3 (hearing, etc) muy
5 address
A
fino,a, muy desarrollado,a. comp
acute accent acento agudo. y acute tri
angle tringulo acutngulo.
AD [eIdi] abbr (Anno Domini) despus
de Cristo; (abbreviation) d.J.C.
ad [Qd] n fam anuncio.
Adam [Qdm] n Adn m. c o m p Adams
apple nuez f (de la garganta).
adamant [Qdmnt] adj firme, in
flexible. l o c to be adamant about sth
mantenerse firme en algo.
adapt [dQpt] vt adaptar.
P vi adaptarse.
adaptable [dQptbl] adj (person) ca
paz de adaptarse.
adaptation [QdpteIS n] n adapta
cin f.
adapter [dQptr] n elec adaptor.
adaptor [dQptr] n elec ladrn m.
add [Qd] vt 1 (gen) aadir, agregar. 2
(numbers) sumar.
a to add to vt insep aumentar.
a to add up vt sep (numbers) sumar.
P vifig cuadrar: theres something funny
going on; it doesnt add up pasa algo raro;
es que no cuadra.
addend [Qdnd] n mat sumando.
adder [Qdr] n zool vbora.
addict [QdIkt] n 1 adicto,a. 2 fam (fa-
natic) fantico,a.
addicted [dIktId] adj adicto,a.
addiction [dIkSn] n adiccin f.
addictive [dIktIv] adj que crea adic
cin: nicotine is addictive la nicotina crea
adiccin.
addition [dISn] n 1 adicin f, aadi
dura. 2 math adicin f, suma. l o c in
addition to adems de.
additional [dISnl] adj adicional.
additive [QdItIv] n aditivo.
additive-free [QdItIvfri] adj sin adi
tivos.
address [dres] n 1 (on letter) direccin
f, seas fpl. 2 (speech) discurso, alocu
cin f.
P vt 1 (problem) abordar. 2 (person) diri
girse a. c o m p address book libro de
direcciones. y form of address trata
miento.
 adductor
adductor [dkt ] n anat aductor,ra.
r
adenoids [QdnIdz] n pl adenoides
mpl, vegetaciones fpl.
adept [dept] adj experto,a, dies
tro,a.
, Adept no significa adepto, seguidor,
que se traducen por follower, supporter.
adequate [QdIkwt] adj 1 (enough) su
ficiente. 2 (satisfactory) satisf act o
rio,a.
adhere [dhIr] vi (stick) adherirse, pe
garse.
adherent [dhIrnt] adj adherente.
adhesive [dhisIv] adj adhesivo,a.
P n adhesivo.
adipose [QdIpUz] adj adiposo,a.
adjacent [dZeIsnt] adj adyacente.
c o m p adjacent angles ngulos adya
centes.
adjective [QdZIktIv] n adjetivo.
adjoin [dZIn] vt lindar con.
P vi colindar.
adjoining [dZInIN] adj 1 (building)
contiguo,a. 2 (land) colindante.
adjourn [dZn] vt aplazar, suspender.
P vi suspenderse.
adjournment [dZnmnt] n aplaza
miento, suspensin f.
adjust [dZst] vt ajustar, arreglar.
P vi (person) adaptarse.
adjustable [dZstbl] adj regulable.
c o m p adjustable spanner llave f inglesa.
adjustment [dZstmnt] n 1 ajuste
m, arreglo. 2 (person) adaptacin f.
3 (change) cambio.
administer [dmInIstr] vt 1 (control)
administrar. 2 (give) administrar, dar;
(laws, punishment) aplicar.
administration [dmInIstreISn] n 1 ad
ministracin f. 2 (of law, etc) aplicacin f.
administrator [dmInIstreIt r ] n
administrador,ra.
admirable [QdmIrbl] adj admirable.
admiral [Qdmrl] n almirante m.
admiration [QdmIreISn] n admira
cin f.
admire [dmaIr] vt admirar.
6
admirer [ d m a I r r] n ( g e n )
admirador,ra; (suitor) pretendiente mf.
admissible [dmIsIbl] adj admisible.
admission [dmISn] n 1 (gen) admisin
f; (to hospital) ingreso. 2 (price) entrada. 3
(acknowledgement) reconocimiento.
admit [dmIt] vt 1 (allow in) admitir; (to
hospital) ingresar. 2 (acknowledge) reco
nocer.
pt & pp admitted, ger admitting.
admittance [dmIt ns] n entrada.
l o c No admittance Prohibida la
entrada.
admittedly [dmItIdlI] adv es verdad
que, lo cierto es que.
admonish [dmnIS] vt amonestar.
ado [dU] n l o c without further ado
sin ms prembulos.
adobe [dUbI] n adobe m.
adolescence [Qdlesns] n adoles
cencia.
adolescent [Qdles nt] adj adoles
cente.
P n adolescente mf.
adopt [dpt] vt adoptar.
adoption [dpSn] n adopcin f.
adoptive [dptIv] adj adoptivo,a.
adore [dr] vt adorar.
adorn [dn] vt adornar.
adrenalin [drenlIn] n adrenalina.
Adriatic [eIdrIQtIk] adj adritico,a.
c o m p the Adriatic (Sea) el (mar) Adri
tico.
adrift [drIft] adj a la deriva.
adulate [QdjUleIt] vt adular.
adult [Qdlt] adj 1 (gen) adulto,a. 2
(film, etc) para adultos.
P n adulto,a.
adulterate [dltreIt] vt adulterar.
adultery [dltrI] n adulterio.
advance [dvAns] n 1 (gen) avance m.
2 (payment) anticipo. l o c in advance 1
(gen) antes. 2 (rent, etc) por adelantado.
P vt 1 (gen) avanzar. 2 (money, date)
adelantar.
advantage [dvAntIdZ] n 1 ventaja.
2 (benefit) provecho. l o c to take ad
vantage of 1 (thing) aprovechar. 2 (per-
son) aprovecharse de.

advantageous
[QdvnteIdZs] adj
ventajoso,a, provechoso,a.
adventure [dventS r] n aventura.
c o m p adventure playground parque m
infantil.
adverb [Qdvb] n adverbio.
adversary [QdvsrI] n adversa
rio,a.
pl adversaries.
adversative [QdvstIv] adj adver
sativo,a.
adverse [Qdvs] adj desfavorable.
adversity [dvsItI] n adversidad f.
pl adversities.
advert [Qdvt] n fam anuncio.
advertise [QdvtaIz] vt anunciar.
P vi hacer publicidad.
advertisement [dvtIsmnt] n
anuncio.
Pn pl advertisements (on television) pu
blicidad f, anuncios mpl.
, Advertisement no significa adverten
cia, que se traduce por warning.
advertiser [QdvtaIzr] n anunciante mf.
advertising [QdvtaIzIN] n publici
dad f. c o m p advertising agency agen
cia de publicidad. y advertising cam
paign campaa publicitaria.
advice [dvaIs] n consejos mpl. c o m p a
piece of advice un consejo.
advise [dvaIz] vt aconsejar.
, To advise no significa avisar, que se
traduce por to warn.
adviser [dvaIzr] n consejero,a.
advocate [(n) Qdvkt; (vb) QdvkeIt]
n 1 (supporter) partidario,a. 2 (lawyer)
abogado,a defensor,ra.
P vt abogar por, propugnar.
Aegean [IdZin] adj egeo,a. c o m p the
Aegean (Sea) el (mar) Egeo.
aerial [erIl] adj areo,a.
P n antena.
aerobe [erUb] n aerobio.
aerobics [erUbIks] n aerobic m, ae
rbic m.
aerodrome [erdrUm] n aerdromo.
7 afield
aerodynamics
A
[erUdaInQmIks] n
aerodinmica.
aeronautics [erntIks] n aeronu
tica.
aeroplane [erpleIn] n aeroplano,
avin m.
aerosol [ersl] n aerosol m.
aerostatic [erstQtIk] adj aer os
ttico,a.
aesthetic [isTetIk] adj esttico,a.
aesthetics [isTetIks] n esttica.
affair [fer] n 1 (matter) asunto: thats
your affair eso es asunto tuyo. 2 (case) ca
so: the Watergate affair el caso Waterga
te. c o m p current affairs actualidad f sing.
affect [fekt] vt 1 (gen) afectar. 2 (feign)
fingir, afectar: he affected indifference
fingi indiferencia.
affection [fekSn] n afecto, cario.
affectionate [fekSnt] adj afectuo
so,a, carioso,a.
affiliate [fIlIt] n afiliado,a.
P vt afiliar.
P vi afiliar.
affinity [fInItI] n afinidad f.
pl affinities.
affirm [fm] vt afirmar, asegurar.
affirmation [QfmeISn] n afirmacin f.
affirmative [fmtIv] adj afirma
tivo,a.
affix [fIks] vt (stamp) poner; (poster) fijar.
afflict [flIkt] vt afligir.
affluence [QflUns] n riqueza, pros
peridad f.
affluent [QflUnt] adj rico,a.
afford [fd] vt permitirse, costear: I
cant afford to pay 750 for a coat no puedo
(permitirme) pagar 750 libras por un abrigo.
afforestation [frIsteISn] n repo
blacin f forestal.
affricate [QfrIkt] n africada.
Afghan [QfgQn] adj afgano,a.
P n 1 (person) afgano,a. 2 (language) af
gano.
Afghanistan [QfgQnIstQn] n
Afganistn m.
afield [fild] adv l o c far afield lejos:
they went as far afield as Canada llegaron
hasta Canad.
 afloat
afloat [flUt] adj a flote.
afoot [fUt] adv en marcha, en proceso.
afraid [freId] adj temeroso,a. l o c to
be afraid 1 (frightened) tener miedo. 2
(sorry) temer, sentir, lamentar: Im
afraid so/not me temo que s/no. y to be
afraid of sth/sb tener miedo de algo/
algn.
afresh [freS] adv de nuevo: he had to
start afresh tuvo que volver a empezar.
frica [QfrIk] n frica. c o m p South
Africa Sudfrica.
African [QfrIkn] adj africano,a.
P n africano,a. c o m p South African su
dafricano,a.
Afro [QfrU] adj & n (hairstyle) afro.
Afro-American [QfrUmerIkn] adj
afroamericano,a.
P n afroamericano,a.
" Afro-American es el trmino ms
adecuado para referirse a los estadouni
denses cuyos antepasados eran origina
rios del frica subsahariana y que, en su
mayora, fueron llevados como esclavos a
Amrica entre los siglos XVI y XIX.
after [Aftr] prep 1 (time) despus de:
after class despus de la clase. 2 (following)
detrs de: the police are after us la polica
nos est persiguiendo. 3 us (past) y: its a
quarter after four son las cuatro y cuarto.
P adv despus: the day after el da despus.
P conj despus que, despus de que:
after he left, I went to bed despus de que
se marchara, me acost.
P n pl afters gb fam postre m.
afterbirth [AftbT] n placenta.
after-effect [AftrIfekt] n efecto se
cundario, secuela.
afterlife [AftlaIf] n ms all m.
afternoon [AftnUn] n tarde f: in the
afternoon por la tarde.
after-sales service [AftseIlzsvIs]
n servicio posventa.
aftershave [AftSeIv] n locin f para
despus del afeitado.
aftertaste [AftteIst] n regusto.
afterwards [Aftwdz] adv despus,
luego.
8
again [gen, geIn] adv 1 (once more)
otra vez, de nuevo: play me that song
again tcame esa cancin otra vez. 2 (in
questions): where do you live again? dnde
has dicho que vives? l o c again and
again repetidamente. y now and again
de vez en cuando.
against [genst, geInst] prep 1 (gen)
contra: against the wall contra la pared;
Leeds played against Liverpool Leeds jug
contra Liverpool. 2 (opposed to) en con
tra de: I voted against the proposal vot
en contra de la propuesta.
age [eIdZ] n edad f. l o c of age mayor
de edad. y under age menor de edad.
P vt & vi envejecer.
aged [eIdZd] adj de (tantos aos de)
edad: a boy aged ten un muchacho de diez
aos. c o m p the aged los ancianos mpl.
agency [eIdZnsI] n 1 (commercial) agen
cia: a travel/advertising/employment agen-
cy una agencia de viajes/publicidad/em
pleo. 2 (governmental, etc) organismo.
pl agencies.
agenda [dZend] n orden m del da.
, Agenda no significa agenda, que se
traduce por diary.
agent [eIdZnt] n agente mf.
aggravate [QgrveIt] vt 1 (make worse)
agravar. 2 fam (annoy) irritar, molestar.
aggression [greSn] n 1 (act) agresin
f. 2 (feeling) agresividad f.
aggressive [gresIv] adj 1 (gen) agre
sivo,a. 2 (dynamic) emprendedor,ra.
aggressor [gresr] n agresor,ra.
aghast [gAst] adj horrorizado,a.
agile [QdZaIl] adj gil.
agility [dZIlItI] n agilidad f.
agitate [QdZIteIt] vt agitar.
agnostic [QgnstIk] adj agnstico,a.
Pn agnstico,a.
ago [gU] adv hace: ten days ago hace
diez das; it happened a long time ago ocu
rri hace mucho tiempo.
. Ago se usa siempre con el verbo en pa
sado. Consulta tambin for, since.
agonise [QgnaIz] vi agonize.

agonize [QgnaIz] vi agonizar.
agony [QgnI] n 1 (pain) dolor m muy
agudo. 2 (anguish) angustia.
pl agonies.
, Agony no significa agona (antes de
morir), que se traduce por dying breath.
agora [Qgr] n gora.
pl agoras o agorae [QgraI, Qgri].
agree [gri] vi 1 (be in agreement) estar
de acuerdo (with, con): do you agree
with me? ests de acuerdo conmigo? 2
(reach an agreement) ponerse de acuer
do (on, en): they cant agree on a name
for the baby no se ponen de acuerdo en el
nombre del beb. 4 (food, climate, etc)
sentar bien (with, -): the prawns didnt
agree with me las gambas no me senta
ron bien.
P vt (grammatically) concordar (with, con).
agreeable [gribl] adj 1 (pleasant)
agradable. 2 (in agreement) conforme.
agreement [grimnt] n 1 acuerdo:
the two men reached an agreement los dos
hombres llegaron a un acuerdo. 2 (gram-
matical) concordancia.
agricultural [QgrIkltSrl] adj agrcola.
agriculture [QgrIkltSr] n agricultura.
agronomy [grnmI] n agronoma.
aground [graUnd] adj encallado,a.
l o c to run aground encallar.
ahead [hed] adv (in front) delante:
theres a police checkpoint ahead hay un
control de polica aqu delante; we fin-
ished ahead of schedule acabamos antes de
lo previsto. l o c go ahead! adelante!
aid [eId] n (help) ayuda; (rescue) auxilio.
c o m p humanitarian aid ayuda huma
nitaria.
P vt ayudar, auxiliar.
AIDS [eIdz] n (Acquired Immune Defi-
ciency Syndrome) sida m.
aileron [eIlrn] n alern m.
ailing [eIlIN] adj enfermo,a.
ailment [eIlmnt] n dolencia, acha
que m.
aim [eIm] n 1 (marksmanship) puntera:
his aim is good tiene buena puntera. 2 (ob-
jective) meta, objetivo: whats your aim in
life? qu objetivo tienes en la vida?
9 aitch
P vt 1 (gun) apuntar ( at, a). 2 (attack)
dirigir (at, a). A
aint [eInt] contr fam am not, is not,
are not, has not, have not.
air [er] n aire m. l o c by air 1 (send letter)
por avin. 2 (travel) en avin. c o m p air
hostess azafata. y air lane ruta area. y
air pressure presin f atmosfrica. y air
rifle escopeta de aire comprimido. y
air terminal terminal f area. y air traffic
controller controlador,ra areo,a.
P vt 1 (gen) airear. 2 (room) ventilar.
airbag [ebQg] n airbag m.
airbase [ebeIs] n base f area.
air-bed [ebed] n gb colchn m de aire.
air-conditioned [ekndIS nd] adj
con aire acondicionado, refrigera
do,a.
air-conditioning [ekndISnIN] n ai
re m acondicionado.
aircraft [ekrAft] n (gen) aeronave f;
(plane) avin m.
pl aircraft.
aircraft-carrier [ekrAftkQrIr] n por
taaviones m inv.
airfield [efild] n campo de aviacin.
airforce [efs] n fuerza area, fuer
zas fpl areas.
airline [elaIn] n lnea area.
airliner [elaInr] n avin m de pa
sajeros (grande).
airmail [emeIl] n correo areo.
airplane [epleIn] n us aeroplano,
avin m.
airport [ept] n aeropuerto.
airship [eSIp] n dirigible m.
airsick [esIk] adj mareado,a. l o c to
be airsick marearse.
airspace [espeIs] n espacio areo.
airstrip [estrIp] n pista de aterrizaje.
airtight [etaIt] adj hermtico,a.
airway [eweI] n 1 (route) ruta area,
va area. 2 (airline) lnea area.
airy [erI] adj 1 (ventilated) bien venti
lado,a. 2 (light) ligero,a.
comp airier, superl airiest.
aisle [aIl] n 1 (between seats, shelves, etc) pa
sillo. 2 (section of church) nave f lateral.
aitch [eItS] n hache f.
 ajar
ajar [dZA ] adj entreabierto,a.
r
akimbo [kImbU] adv en jarras.
akin [kIn] adj parecido,a (to, a).
alabaster [QlbAstr] n alabastro.
alarm [lAm] n 1 (device) alarma. 2
(fear) temor m, alarma. c o m p alarm
clock despertador m.
P vt alarmar, asustar.
alarmism [lAmIzm] n alarmismo.
Albanian [QlbeInIn] adj albans,esa.
P n 1 (person) albans,esa. 2 (language)
albans m.
albatross [Qlbtrs] n albatros m.
albino [QlbinU] adj albino,a.
P n albino,a.
pl albinos.
album [Qlbm] n lbum m.
albumen [QlbjUmIn, us QlbjUmn] n
1 (white of egg) clara de huevo. 2 (in
plants) albumen m.
albumin [QlbjUmIn, us QlbjUmn] n
albmina.
alcohol [Qlkhl] n alcohol m.
alcohol-free [Qlkhlfri] adj sin alcohol.
alcoholism [QlkhlIzm] n alcoholismo.
aldehyde [QldIhaId] n aldehdo.
ale [eIl] n cerveza.
alert [lt] adj 1 (quick to act) alerta, vi
gilante. 2 (lively) vivo,a.
P n alarma.
P vt alertar, avisar.
A-level [eIlevl] abbr gb (Advanced lev-
el) segundo curso de bachillerato.
alfalfa [QlfQlf] n alfalfa.
algae [QldZi] n pl algas fpl.
sing alga [Qlg].
algebra [QldZIbr] n lgebra.
algebraic [QldZIbreIIk] adj alge
braico,a.
Algeria [QldZIrI] n Argelia.
Algerian [QldZIrIn] adj argelino,a.
Pn argelino,a.
algorithm [QlgrIDm] n algoritmo.
alias [eIlIs] adv alias.
Pn alias m.
alibi [QlIbaI] n coartada.
alien [eIlIn] adj 1 (foreign) extranjero,a.
2 (extraterrestrial) extraterrestre. 3
10
(strange) extrao,a, ajeno,a: his ideas
are alien to me sus ideas me son ajenas.
P n 1 (foreigner) extranjero,a. 2 (extra-
terrestrial) extraterrestre mf.
alight [laIt] adj encendido,a, ar
diendo.
align [laIn] vt alinear (with, con).
alike [laIk] adj (the same) iguales; (simi-
lar) parecidos,as: they are alike in all re-
spects son iguales en todo.
P adv igual: they dress alike visten igual.
alimentary [QlImentrI] adj alimen
ticio,a. c o m p alimentary canal tubo
digestivo.
alimony [QlImnI] n pensin f
alimenticia.
alive [laIv] adj vivo,a.
alkaline [QlklaIn] adj alcalino,a.
all [l] adj (singular) todo,a; (plural)
todos,as: all the chairs todas las sillas;
all day/month/year todo el da/mes/ao.
P pron 1 (everything) todo, la totalidad
f: all was lost in the fire se perdi todo en
el incendio. 2 (everybody) todos mpl, to
do el mundo: all of them helped/they all
helped ayudaron todos.
P adv completamente, totalmente:
she was dressed all in leather iba vestida to
da de cuero. l o c after all 1 (despite every-
thing) despus de todo. 2 (it must be re-
membered) no hay que olvidarlo. y all
over en todas partes. y to be all over
acabar: in ten minutes it was all over en
diez minutos todo haba acabado. y all
right 1 (acceptable) bien, bueno,a: the
films all right, but Ive seen better ones la pe
lcula no est mal, pero las he visto mejo
res. 2 (well, safe) bien: are you all right?
ests bien? 3 (accepting suggestion) vale,
bueno: are you coming? all right te vie
nes? vale. y all that tan: hes not all that
fast no es tan rpido. y all the + comp
tanto + adj/adv, an + adj/adv: all the bet-
ter tanto mejor. y all the time todo el ra
to, siempre. y at all en absoluto. y in all
en total. y not at all no hay de qu.
Allah [Ql] n Al m.
alleged [ledZd] adj presunto,a.
allegory [QlIgrI] n alegora.
pl allegories.

allergic [ldZIk] adj alrgico,a (to, a).
allergy [QldZI] n alergia.
pl allergies.
alleviate [livIeIt] vt aliviar, mitigar.
alley [QlI] n callejuela, callejn m.
alliance [laIns] n alianza.
allied [QlaId] adj 1 pol aliado,a. 2 (re-
lated) relacionado,a, afn.
alligator [QlIgeItr] n caimn m.
alliteration [lItreISn] n aliteracin f.
allocate [QlkeIt] vt (money) destinar;
(time, space, job, etc) asignar.
allocation [QlkeISn] n 1 (distribution)
asignacin f; (of money) distribucin f.
2 (money given) cuota.
allot [lt] vt asignar.
pt & pp allotted, ger allotting.
all-out [laUt] adj total.
allow [laU] vt 1 (permit) permitir, de
jar. 2 (set aside) conceder, dar, dejar. 3
(admit) admitir, reconocer.
a to allow for vt insep tener en cuenta.
allowance [laUns] n 1 (from govern-
ment) subsidio, prestacin f. 2 (from
employer) dietas fpl, asignacin f. 3 us
(pocket money) paga semanal. l o c to
make allowances for 1 (take into account)
tener en cuenta. 2 (be permissive) tener
paciencia con.
alloy [QlI] n aleacin f.
all-purpose [lpps] adj multiuso.
all-star [lstAr] adj estelar: an all-star
cast un reparto estelar.
all-terrain [ltreIn] adj todo terreno.
allude [lUd] vi aludir (to, a).
allure [ljUr] n atractivo, encanto.
P vt atraer, seducir.
alluring [ljUrIN] adj seductor,ra.
allusion [lUZn] n alusin f.
alluvial [lUvIl] adj aluvial.
ally [QlaI] n aliado,a.
pl allies.
P vt aliar (with, con).
P vi aliarse (with, con).
pt & pp allied, ger allying.
almighty [lmaItI] adj todopodero
so,a.
Pn the Almighty el Todopoderoso.
11 alternate
almond
A
[Amnd] n almendra. c o m p
almond tree almendro.
almost [lmUst] adv casi.
alone [lUn] adj (unaccompanied) so
lo,a.
P adv (only) solo, solamente. l o c to
leave sth alone no tocar algo. y to leave
sb alone dejar a algn en paz.
along [lN] prep 1 por, a lo largo de:
we walked along the riverbank caminamos
por la orilla del ro. 2 (in) en: his office is
along this corridor su despacho est en este
pasillo.
P adv adelante, hacia adelante: move
along, please circulen, por favor. l o c
along with junto con. y come along 1
(sing) ven. 2 (plural) venid.
alongside [lNsaId] prep al lado de.
P adv al costado, al lado.
aloof [lUf] adj distante.
P adv a distancia.
alopecia [QlpiS] n alopecia.
aloud [laUd] adv en voz alta.
alpha [Qlf] n alfa. c o m p alpha ray rayo
alfa.
alphabet [Qlfbet] n alfabeto, abece
dario.
alphabetical [QlfbetIk l] adj alfa
btico,a. l o c in alphabetical order
por orden alfabtico.
alphanumeric [QlfnjUmerIk] adj alfa
numrico,a.
alpine [QlpaIn] adj alpino,a.
Alps [Qlps] n pl the Alps los Alpes mpl.
already [lredI] adv ya: theyve already
left ya se han ido.
also [lsU] adv tambin.
altar [ltr] n altar m.
altarpiece [ltpis] n retablo.
alter [ltr] vt (gen) cambiar; (clothes)
arreglar.
P vi cambiar, cambiarse.
alteration [ltreISn] n modifica
cin f.
P n pl alterations reformas fpl.
alternate [(adj) ltnt; (vb) ltneIt]
adj alterno,a.
P vt alternar.
P vi alternarse.
alternating
alternating [ltneItIN] c o m p alter
nating current corriente f alterna.
alternative [ltntIv] adj alterna
tivo,a.
P n (option) opcin f, alternativa.
alternator [ltneItr] n alternador m.
although [lDU] conj aunque.
altimeter [QltImitr] n altmetro.
altitude [QltItjUd] n altitud f, altura.
altogether [ltgeDr] adv 1 (complete-
ly) del todo. 2 (on the whole) en conjun
to. 3 (in total) en total.
altruism [QltrUIzm] n altruismo.
aluminium [QljUmInIm] n aluminio.
c o m p aluminium foil papel m de alu
minio, papel m de plata.
aluminum [lUmInm] n us aluminio.
alveolar [QlvIUlr] adj alveolar. c o m p
alveolar sacs anat sacos alveolares.
alveolus [QlvIls] n alveolo, alvolo.
pl alveoli [QlvIlaI].
always [lweIz] adv siempre.
am [Qm] pres be.
a.m. [eIem] abbr (ante meridiem) de la
maana.
amass [mQs] vt acumular.
amateur [Qmtr] adj aficionado,a.
Pn aficionado,a.
amateurism [ Q m t S r I z m ] n
amateurismo.
amaze [meIz] vt asombrar, pasmar.
amazement [meIzmnt] n asom
bro, pasmo.
amazing [meIzIN] adj asombroso,a,
pasmoso,a.
Amazon [Qmzn] n the Amazon 1 (river)
el Amazonas m. 2 (basin) Amazonia.
ambassador [QmbQsdr] n embaja
dor,ra.
amber [Qmbr] n mbar m.
P adj mbar.
ambience [QmbIns] n ambiente m.
ambiguity [QmbIgjUItI] n ambige
dad f.
pl ambiguities.
ambiguous [QmbIgjUs] adj amb i
guo,a.
ambition [QmbISn] n ambicin f.
12
ambitious [QmbISs] adj amb icio
so,a.
ambulance [QmbjUlns] n ambulancia.
ambush [QmbUS] n emboscada.
P vt poner una emboscada a.
ameba [mib] n us amoeba.
ameliorate [milIreIt] vt mejorarse.
P vi mejorar.
amelioration [milIreISn] n mejora.
amen [Amen] interj amn.
amenable [minb l] adj tratable,
bien dispuesto,a.
amend [mend] vt (law) enmendar; (er-
ror) corregir.
amendment [mendmnt] n enmienda.
amenities [minItIz] n pl servicios
mpl, prestaciones fpl.
America [merIk] n Amrica. c o m p
Central America Amrica Central,
Centroamrica. y Latin America
Amrica Latina, Latinoamrica. y
North America Amrica del Norte,
Norteamrica. y South America Am
rica del Sur, Sudamrica.
. Los estadounidenses suelen referirse a
su propio pas (Estados Unidos), como
America y a ellos, como Americans.
American [merIkn] adj 1 (gen)
americano,a. 2 (from USA) esta
dounidense. c o m p American football
ftbol m americano.
P n 1 (gen) americano,a. 2 (from USA)
estadounidense mf.
" En Estados Unidos, llaman football al
ftbol americano (ms parecido al rugby
que al ftbol europeo) y denominan soccer
a lo que nosotros llamamos ftbol.
americium [QmrIsIm] n americio.
amethyst [QmTIst] n amatista.
amiable [eImIbl] adj afable, amable.
amicable [QmIkbl] adj amistoso,a,
amigable.
amid [mId] prep en medio de, entre.
amidst [mIdst] prep amid.
amine [min] n amina.

amino acid
[QminUQsId] n ami
nocido.
amiss [mIs] adv mal. loc to take amiss
tomar a mal.
ammonia [mUnI] n amonaco.
ammunition [QmjUnISn] n municio
nes fpl.
amnesia [mnizI] n amnesia.
amnesty [QmnstI] n amnista.
pl amnesties.
amniotic [QmnItIk] adj amnitico,a.
amoeba [Qmib] n ameba.
pl amoebae [mibi].
amok [mk] l o c to run amok volver
se loco,a y causar destrozos.
among [mN] prep entre (tres o ms).
amongst [mNst] prep among.
amorphous [mfs] adj amorfo,a.
amount [maUnt] n cantidad f.
a to amount to vt insep 1 ascender a.
2 fig equivaler a.
amp [Qmp] n (abbr of ampere) ampe
rio, ampere m.
ampere [Qmper] n amperio.
amphetamine [Qmfetmin] n anfe
tamina.
amphibian [QmfIbIn] n anfibio.
amphibious [QmfIbIs] adj anf i
bio,a.
amphitheater [QmfITItr] n us anfi
teatro.
amphitheatre [QmfITItr] n anfitea
tro.
amphora [Qmfr] n nfora.
pl amphoras o amphorae [Qmfri].
ample [Qmpl] adj 1 (enough) bastante.
2 (plenty) ms que suficiente. 3 (large,
generous) amplio,a.
amplification [QmplIfIkeISn] n am
plificacin f.
amplifier [QmplIfaIr] n amplificador m.
amplify [QmplIfaI] vt 1 (sound) ampli
ficar. 2 (statement) ampliar.
pt & pp amplified, ger amplifying.
amplitude [QmplItjUd] n amplitud f.
amputate [QmpjUteIt] vt amputar.
amputation [QmpjUteISn] n ampu
tacin f.
13 anarchy
amuck [mk] adv amok.
A
amulet [QmjUlt] n amuleto.
amuse [mjUz] vt entretener, divertir.
amusement [mjUzmnt] n 1 (enjoy-
ment) diversin f, entretenimiento. 2
(pastime) pasatiempo. c o m p amusement
arcade saln m de juegos. y amuse
ment park parque m de atracciones.
amusing [mjUzIN] adj entretenido,a,
divertido,a.
an [n, Qn] indef art 1 un, una. 2 (per) por.
. Se usa delante de las palabras que empie
zan con sonido voclico. Consulta tambin a.
anabolism [nQblIzm] n anabolismo.
anachronistic [QnkrnIk] adj ana
crnico,a.
anaconda [Qnknd] n anaconda.
anaemia [nimI] n anemia.
anaemic [nimIk] adj anmico,a.
anaerobic [QnerUbIk] adj anaero
bio,a.
anaesthesia [QnsTizI] n anestesia.
anaesthetic [QnsTetIk] adj anest
sico,a.
Pn anestsico.
anaesthetise [nisTtaIz] vt anaes
thetize.
anaesthetize [nisTtaIz] vt anestesiar.
anagram [QngrQm] n anagrama m.
anal [eInl] adj anal.
analgesic [QnldZizIk] adj analgsi
co,a.
P n analgsico.
analog [Qnlg] adj-n us analogue.
analogue [Qnlg] adj analgico,a.
Pn anlogo.
analogy [nQldZI] n analoga, se
mejanza.
pl analogies.
analyse [QnlaIz] vt analizar.
analysis [nQlIsIs] n anlisis m.
pl analyses [nQlIsiz].
analyst [QnlIst] n analista mf.
anarchism [QnkIzm] n anarquismo.
anarchist [QnkIst] n anarquista mf.
anarchy [QnkI] n anarqua.
pl anarchies.
 anatomy
anatomy [nQtmI] n anatoma.
pl anatomies.
ancestor [Qnsstr] n antepasado.
anchor [QNkr] n ancla.
P vt 1 (ship) anclar. 2 (make secure) sujetar.
anchovy [QntSvI] n (salted) anchoa;
(fresh) boquern m.
pl anchovies.
ancient [eInS nt] adj 1 antiguo,a;
(monument) histrico,a. 2 fam
viejsimo,a. c o m p ancient history his
toria antigua.
. Ancient no se emplea en el sentido de
'anterior' con el que a menudo se usa an
tiguo en espaol (mi antiguo jefe). La pa
labra inglesa para este sentido de anti
guo es former (my former boss).
and [Qnd, unstressed nd] conj 1 y; (before i-
and hi-) e: black and white blanco y negro;
opinions and ideas opiniones e ideas. 2 (with
infinitives): go and look for it ve a buscarlo;
wait and see what happens espera a ver lo
que pasa. 3 (expressing repetition, increase): it
rained and rained no par de llover. 4 (with
numbers): a hundred and twenty ciento vein
te; two thousand and eighty four dos mil
ochenta y cuatro. 5 (in sums) ms: four and
six are ten cuatro ms seis son diez.
Andes [Qndiz] n pl the Andes los An
des mpl.
Andorra [Qndr] n Andorra.
Andorran [Qndrn] adj andor ra
no,a.
P n andorrano,a.
android [QndrId] n androide m.
anecdote [QnIkdUt] n ancdota.
anemia [nimI] n us anaemia.
anemic [nimIk] adj us anaemic.
anemometer [QnImmItr] n ane
mmetro.
anemone [nemnI] n bot anmona.
anesthesia [QnsTizI] n anaesthe
sia.
anesthetic [QnsTetIk] adj-n anaes
thetic.
anesthetize [nisTtaIz] vt anaes
thetize.
angel [eIndZl] n ngel m.
14
anger [QNgr] n clera, ira, furia.
P vt encolerizar, enojar, enfurecer.
angina [QndZaIn] [also angina pec-
toris ] n angina de pecho.
, Angina no significa anginas, que se
traduce por sore throat.
angiosperm [QndZIspm] n angios
perma.
angle1 [QNgl] n ngulo.
angle2 [QNgl] vi pescar con caa.
anglepoise lamp [QNglpIzlQmp] n
flexo.
angler [Qndlr] n pescador,-a.
Anglican [QNglIkn] adj anglicano,a.
Pn anglicano,a.
angling [QNglIN] n pesca con caa.
Anglo-Saxon [QNglUsQks n] adj
anglosajn,ona.
P n 1 (person) anglosajn,ona. 2 (lan-
guage) anglosajn m.
Angola [QNgUl] n Angola.
Angolan [QNgUln] adj angoleo,a.
P n angoleo,a.
angry [QNgrI] adj enojado,a, enfa
dado,a.
comp angrier, superl angriest.
angstrom [QNgstrm] n ngstrom m.
anguish [QNgwIS] n angustia.
angular [QNgjUlr] adj angular.
anhydride [QnhaIdraId] n anhdrido.
animal [QnIml] adj animal.
Pn animal m.
animate [(adj) QnImt; (vb) QnImeIt]]
adj animado,a, vivo,a.
P vt 1 animar. 2 fig estimular.
animation [QnImeISn] n 1 anima
cin f. 2 (life) vida, marcha.
animator [QnImeItr] n animador,ra.
animism [QnImIzm] n animismo.
anion [QnaIn] n anin m.
anise [QnIs] n (plant) ans m.
ankle [QNkl] n tobillo.
annelid [QnlId] n anlido.
annexe [Qnks] n anexo, anejo.
annihilate [naIleIt] vt aniquilar.
anniversary [QnIvsrI] n aniversario.
pl anniversaries.

announce [naUns] vt anunciar.
announcement [naUnsmnt] n anun
cio.
announcer [naUnsr] n (on TV, radio)
presentador,ra, locutor,ra.
annoy [nI] vt molestar, fastidiar.
annoying [nIIN] adj molesto,a.
annual [QnjUl] adj anual.
annul [nl] vt anular.
pt & pp annulled, ger annulling.
annular [QnjUlr] adj anular.
anode [QnUd] n nodo.
anomaly [nmlI] n anomala.
pl anomalies.
anonymous [nnIms] adj annimo,a.
anopheles [nfliz] n anofeles m.
anorak [QnrQk] n anorak m.
anorexia [QnreksI] n anorexia.
another [nDr] adj otro,a.
P pron otro,a.
answer [Ansr] n respuesta, contes
tacin f.
P vt & vi responder, contestar.
a to answer back vt sep & vi replicar.
a to answer for vt insep 1 (guarantee)
responder por, garantizar. 2 (accept
responsibility) responder de.
answering machine [AnsrINmSin] n
contestador m automtico.
answerphone [AnsfUn] n contes
tador m automtico.
ant [Qnt] n hormiga. comp ant hill hor
miguero.
Antarctic [QntAktIk] adj antrtico,a.
P n the Antarctic la Antrtida. c o m p Ant
arctic Circle Crculo polar antrtico.
Antarctica [QntAktIk] n Antrtida.
anteater [Qntitr] n oso hormiguero.
antecedent [QntIsidnt] n antece
dente m.
antediluvian [QntIdIlUvIn] adj
antediluviano,a.
antenatal [QntIneItl] adj prenatal.
antenna [Qnten] n 1 [ pl antennae
[Qnteni]] (of insect) antena. 2 [ pl an-
tennas] (aerial) antena.
anterior [QntIrIr] adj anterior.
anthem [QnTm] n motete m.
15 anxiety
anther [QnT ] n antera.
A
r
anthology [QnTldZI] n antologa.
pl anthologies.
anthracite [QnTrsaIt] n antracita.
anthropology [QnTrpldZI] n
antropologa.
antibiotic [QntIbaItIk] adj antibi
tico,a.
P n antibitico.
antibody [QntIbdI] n anticuerpo.
pl antibodies.
anticipate [QntIsIpeIt] vt 1 (expect) es
perar. 2 (get ahead of) adelantarse a. 3
(foresee) anticiparse a, prever.
anticipation [QntIsIpeISn] n 1 (expecta-
tion) expectacin f. 2 (foresight) previsin f.
anticline [QntIklaIn] n anticlinal m.
anticlockwise [QntIklkwaIz] adj en
el sentido contrario a las agujas del
reloj.
anticyclone [QntIsaIklUn] n antici
cln m.
antidote [QntIdUt] n antdoto.
antifreeze [QntIfriz] n anticongelan
te m.
antigen [QntIdZen] n antgeno.
Antilles [QntIliz] n pl Antillas fpl.
antimony [QntImnI] n antimonio.
antipodes [QntIpdiz] n pl antpodas fpl.
antipyretic [QntIpaIretIk] n antipir
tico.
antique [Qntik] adj antiguo,a. c o m p
antique shop tienda de antigedades.
P n antigedad f.
antiquity [QntIkwItI] n antigedad f.
pl antiquities.
antiseptic [QntIseptIk] adj antispti
co,a.
Pn antisptico.
antiviral [QntIvaIrl] adj med antivirus.
antivirus [QntIvaIrs] adj inform anti
virus.
antlers [Qntlr] n pl cornamenta f sing.
antonym [QntnIm] n antnimo.
anus [eIns] n ano.
anvil [QnvIl] n yunque m.
anxiety [QNzaItI] n ansiedad f.
pl anxieties.
 anxious
anxious [QNkSs] adj 1 (worried) preo
cupado,a ( about, por). 2 (desirous)
ansioso,a.
any [enI] adj 1 (in questions) algn,una:
are there any biscuits left? queda alguna
galleta? 2 (negative) ningn,una: he
hasnt bought any milk/biscuits no ha
comprado leche/galletas; without any dif-
ficulty sin ninguna dificultad. 3 (no matter
which) cualquier,ra: any old rag will do
cualquier trapo sirve.
P pron 1 (in questions) alguno,a: there are
foxes round here, have you seen any? hay
zorros por aqu, has visto alguno? 2
(negative) ninguno,a: theyre very cheap,
but I havent sold any son muy baratos,
pero no he vendido ninguno. 3 (no mat-
ter which) cualquiera: any of these books
will do cualquiera de estos libros sirve.
P adv no suele traducirse: I dont work there
any more ya no trabajo all; do you want
any more? quieres ms?.
. En preguntas y frases negativas, con los
sustantivos contables en singular no se
usa any sino a o an.
anybody [enIbdI] pron 1 (in questions)
alguien: has anybody seen my car? ha
visto alguien mi auto? 2 (negative) na
die: there isnt anybody in the room no hay
nadie en la sala. 3 (no matter who) cual
quiera: anybody would tell you the same
cualquiera te dira lo mismo.
anyhow [enIhaU] adv 1 anyway. 2
(carelessly) de cualquier forma, de
cualquier manera.
anyone [enIwn] pron anybody.
anyplace [enIpleIs] adv us anywhere.
anything [enITIN] pron 1 (in questions)
algo, alguna cosa: is there anything left?
queda algo? 2 (negative) nada: there
isnt anything left no queda nada. 3 (no
matter what) cualquier cosa: anything
will do cualquier cosa sirve; they can cost
anything from 5 to 5,000 el precio va
desde cinco libras a cinco mil.
anyway [enIweI] adv 1 (in any case) de
todas formas, de todos modos. 2 (in
conversation) bueno, bueno pues, to
16
tal, en cualquier caso: anyway, as I was
saying, bueno pues, como te deca,
anywhere [enIwer] adv 1 (in questions -
situation) en algn sitio, en alguna
parte; (- direction) a algn sitio, a algu
na parte: have you seen my keys anywhere?
has visto mis llaves en alguna parte?;
are you going anywhere this weekend? vas
a algn sitio el fin de semana? 2 (negative
- situation) en ningn sitio, en ninguna
parte; (- direction) a ningn sitio, a nin
guna parte: I cant find him anywhere no
lo encuentro en ninguna parte; were not
going anywhere no vamos a ningn sitio.
3 (no matter where - situation) donde sea,
en cualquier sitio; (- direction) a donde
sea, a cualquier sitio: Id live anywhere
as long as its with you vivira en cualquier
sitio mientras sea contigo; shed travel an-
ywhere to see Bruce viajara a cualquier si
tio para ver a Bruce.
aorta [eIt] n aorta.
apart [pAt] adv 1 (not together)
separado,a; (distant) alejado,a. 2 (in
pieces) en piezas. l o c apart from apar
te de. y to fall apart deshacerse. y to
tell apart distinguir.
apartheid [pAthaIt] n apartheid m.
apartment [pAtmnt] n departamen
to. c o m p apartment block / apartment
building edicficio m de departamentos.
apathetic [QpTetIk] adj aptico,a.
apathy [QpTI] n apata.
ape [eIp] n simio.
P vt imitar.
Apennines [QpnaInz] n the Apen
nines los (montes) Apeninos mpl.
aperitif [perItif] n aperitivo.
aperture [Qptjr] n abertura.
, Aperture no significa apertura (de
una tienda), que se traduce por opening.
apex [eIpeks] n pice m; (of triangle) vr
tice m.
pl apexes o apices.
apiculture [eIpIkltSr] n apicultura.
apiece [pis] adv cada uno,a: she gave
us three apiece nos dio tres a cada uno.
apocalypse [pklIps] n apocalipsis m.
apogee [QpdZi] n apogeo.

apologise [pldZaIz] vi apologize.
apologize [pldZaIz] vi disculparse,
pedir perdn.
apology [pldZI] n 1 (for mistake) dis
culpa. 2 fml (of beliefs) apologa.
pl apologies.
apoplexy [QppleksI] n apopleja.
pl apoplexies.
apophthegm [QpTem] n apotema.
apostle [psl] n apstol m.
apostrophe [pstrfI] n apstrofo.
apothegm [QpTem] vt apophthegm.
appal [pl] vt horrorizar.
pt & pp appalled, ger appalling.
Appalachians [QpleISns] n the Appa
lachians los (montes) Apalaches mpl.
appall [pl] vt us appal.
appalling [plIN] adj 1 (horrific)
horroroso,a. 2 (bad) malsimo,a.
apparatus [QpreIts] n 1 (equipment)
aparatos mpl; (piece of equipment) apara
to. 2 (structure) aparato.
apparent [pQrnt] adj 1 (obvious) evi
dente. 2 (seeming) aparente.
apparently [pQrntlI] adv 1 (obviously)
evidentemente. 2 (seemingly) aparen
temente.
appeal [pil] n 1 (request) ruego, llama
miento; (plea) splica. 2 (attraction)
atractivo. 3 jur apelacin f.
P vi 1 (request) pedir, solicitar; (plead)
suplicar. 2 (attract) atraer: it doesnt ap-
peal to me no me atrae. 3 jur apelar
(against, -), recurrir (against, -).
appealing [pilIN] adj 1 (moving) supli
cante. 2 (attractive) atractivo,a.
appear [pIr] vi 1 (become visible) apa
recer. 2 (before a court, etc) comparecer
(before, ante). 3 (seem) parecer.
appearance [pIrns] n 1 (becoming
visible) aparicin f. 2 (before a court, etc)
comparecencia. 3 (look) apariencia.
appendices [pendIsiz] n pl appendix.
appendicitis [pendIsaItIs] n apendi
citis f.
appendix [pendIks] n 1 [ pl appendi-
ces] (in book) apndice m. 2 [ pl appen-
dixes] med apndice m.
appetite [QpItaIt] n apetito.
17 apprehensive
appetizer [QpItaIz ] n aperitivo.
A
r
appetizing [QpItaIzIN] adj apetito
so,a.
applaud [pld] vi (clap) aplaudir.
P vt 1 (clap) aplaudir. 2 (praise) alabar.
applause [plz] n aplauso.
apple [Qpl] n manzana. c o m p apple pie
tarta de manzana. y apple tree manza
no. y the Big Apple Nueva York.
applet [Qplt] n comput applet m.
appliance [plaIns] n 1 (device) apara
to. 2 (fire engine) coche m de bomberos.
applicable [QplIkbl] adj aplicable.
applicant [QplIknt] n (for job) candi
dato,a, solicitante mf.
application [QplIkeISn] n 1 (for job)
solicitud f . 2 (of ointment, theory, etc)
aplicacin f. 3 (effort) diligencia.
apply [plaI] vt aplicar.
P vi 1 (be true) aplicarse, ser aplicable.
2 (for job) solicitar.
pt & pp applied, ger applying.
appoint [pInt] vt 1 (person for job)
nombrar. 2 (day, date, etc) fijar, sealar.
appointment [pIntmnt] n 1 (meet-
ing - with lawyer, etc) cita; (- with hairdress-
er, dentist, doctor) hora. 2 (person for job)
nombramiento.
apposition [QpzISn] n aposicin f.
appraisal [preIz l] n valoracin f,
evaluacin f.
appraise [preIz] vt valorar, evaluar.
appreciate [priSIeIt] vt 1 (be thankful for)
agradecer. 2 (understand) entender,
comprender. 3 (value) valorar, apreciar.
P vi revalorizarse, valorizarse.
appreciation [priSIeISn] n 1 (thanks)
agradecimiento, gratitud f. 2 (under-
standing) comprensin f. 3 (appraisal)
evaluacin f. 4 (increase in value) apre
ciacin f, aumento en valor.
apprehend [QprIhend] vt 1 (arrest) de
tener, capturar. 2 (understand) com
prender.
apprehension [QprIhenSn] n 1 (arrest)
detencin f, captura. 2 (fear) apren
sin f, temor m, recelo.
apprehensive [QprIhensIv] adj (fear-
ful) aprensivo,a.
 apprentice
apprentice [prentIs] n aprendiz,za.
approach [prUtS] n 1 (coming near)
aproximacin f, acercamiento; (ar-
rival) llegada. 2 (way in) acceso, entra
da. 3 (to problem) enfoque m.
P vi (come near) acercarse, aproximarse.
P vt 1 (come near) acercarse a, aproxi
marse a. 2 (tackle - problem) enfocar,
abordar; (- person) dirigirse a. c o m p ap
proach road va de acceso.
appropriate [ prUprIt] adj apropia
do,a, adecuado,a, indicado,a.
approval [prUvl] n aprobacin f.
l o c on approval a prueba.
approve [prUv] vt aprobar.
, To approve no significa aprobar (un
examen), que se traduce por to pass.
approximate [(adj) prksImt ; (vb)
prksImeIt] adj aproximado,a.
P vi aproximarse (to, a).
apricot [eIprIkt] n (fruit) albaricoque
m. comp apricot tree albaricoquero.
April [eIprIl] n abril m. c o m p April Fools
Day el da 1 de abril ( da de los Santos Inocentes).
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta May.
apron [eIprn] n 1 (garment - domestic)
delantal m; (- workmans) mandil m. 2
(at airport) pista de estacionamiento.
apse [Qps] n bside m.
apt [Qpt] adj 1 (suitable) apropiado,a;
(remark) acertado,a. 2 (liable to) pro
penso,a.
APT (Advanced Pas-
[eIpiti] abbr gb
senger Train) AVE m (Alta Velocidad
Espaola).
aptitude [QptItjUd] n aptitud f.
aquarium [kwerIm] n acuario.
pl aquaria o aquariums.
Aquarius [kwerIs] n Acuario.
aquatic [kwQtIk] adj acutico,a.
aqueduct [QkwIdkt] n acueducto.
aquifer [QkwIfr] n acufero.
Arab [Qrb] adj rabe.
P n (person) rabe mf.
Arabia [reIbI] n Arabia.
Arabian [reIbIn] adj rabe, arbi
go,a.
18
P n rabe mf. c o m p Arabian Peninsula
Pennsula Arbiga. y Arabian Sea Mar
m Arbigo.
Arabic [QrbIk] adj rabe.
P n (language) rabe m. c o m p arabic nu
merals nmeros mpl arbigos.
arachnid [rQknId] n arcnido.
aragonite [rQgnaIt] n aragonito.
arbitrary [AbItrrI] adj arbitrario,a.
arbitrate [AbItreIt] vt & vi arbitrar.
arc [Ak] n arco.
arcade [AkeId] n pasaje m. c o m p shop
ping arcade galeras fpl comerciales.
arch [AtS] n 1 (gen) arco; (vault) bve
da. 2 (of foot) empeine m.
P vt 1 (back, eyebrows) arquear, enarcar.
2 (vault) abovedar.
archaeological [AkIldZIk l] adj
arqueolgico,a.
archaeologist [AkIldZIst] n ar
quelogo,a.
archaeology [AkIldZI] n arqueologa.
archaic [AkeIIk] adj arcaico,a.
archaism [AkeIIzm] n arcasmo.
archangel [AkenIdZl] n arcngel m.
archbishop [AtSbISp] n arzobispo.
archeological [AkIldZIkl] adj us
archaeological.
archeologist [AkIldZIst] n us ar
chaeologist.
archeology [AkIldZI] n us ar
chaeology.
archer [AtSr] n arquero.
archery [AtSrI] n tiro con arco.
archipelago [AkIpelIgU] n archipi
lago.
pl archipelagos o archipelagoes.
architect [AkItekt] n arquitecto,a.
architecture [AkItektSr] n arquitec
tura.
archives [AkaIvz] n pl archivo m sing.
archivist [AkaIvIst] n archivero,a.
Arctic [AktIk] adj rtico,a.
Pn the Arctic el rtico. c o m p the Arctic
Circle el Crculo Polar rtico. y the
Arctic Ocean el ocano rtico.
ardor [Adr] n us ardour.
ardour [Adr] n ardor m.

arduous [AdjUs] adj arduo,a.
are [Ar, r] pres be.
area [erI] n 1 (extent) rea, superficie f.
2 (region) regin f; (of town) zona. 3 (field)
campo.
arena [rin] n 1 (stadium) estadio. 2
(in amphitheatre) arena. 3 fig mbito.
, Arena no significa arena, que se tra
duce por sand.
arent [Ant] contr are not.
Argentina [AdZntin] n Argentina.
Argentine [AdZntaIn] adj argenti
no,a.
Pn the Argentine Argentina.
Argentinian [AdZntInIn] adj argen
tino,a.
P n argentino,a.
argon [Agn] n argn m.
argot [AgU] n jerga.
argue [AgjU] vi 1 (quarrel) discutir
(with, con). 2 (reason) argir, argu
mentar, sostener.
argument [AgjUmnt] n 1 (quarrel)
discusin f, disputa. 2 (reasoning) ar
gumento. l o c to have an argument
with sb discutir con algn.
arid [QrId] adj rido,a.
aridity [rIdItI] n aridez f.
Aries [eriz] n Aries.
arise [raIz] vi surgir (from, de).
pt arose [rUz], pp arisen [rIzn].
aristocracy [QrIstkrsI] n aristocracia.
pl aristocracies.
aristocrat [QrIstkrQt, us rIstkrQt]
n aristcrata mf.
arithmetic [(n) rITmtIk; (adj) QrITme
tIk] n aritmtica.
P adj aritmtico,a.
arithmetical [QrITmetIk l] adj arit
mtico,a. c o m p arithmetical progres
sion progresin f aritmtica.
ark [Ak] n arca.
arm [Am] n 1 anat brazo. 2 (of coat, etc)
manga. 3 (of chair) brazo.
P vt armar.
P n pl arms (weapons) armas fpl.
armadillo [AmdIlU] n armadillo.
pl armadillos.
19 arsenal
armchair [AmtSe ] n silln m.
A
r
Armenia [AminI] n Armenia.
Armenian [AminIn] adj armenio,a.
P n 1 (person) armenio,a. 2 (language)
armenio.
armistice [AmIstIs] n armisticio.
armor [Amr] n us armour.
armour [Amr] n 1 armadura. 2 (on
vehicle) blindaje m.
armpit [AmpIt] n sobaco, axila.
armrest [Amrest] n brazo.
army [AmI] n ejrcito.
pl armies.
aroma [rUm] n aroma m.
aromatic [QrmQtIk] adj aromtico,a.
arose [rUz] pt arise.
around [raUnd] adv 1 (near, in the area)
alrededor: is there anybody around? hay
alguien cerca? 2 (from place to place): they
cycle around together van juntos en bicicle
ta. 3 (approximately) alrededor de: it costs
around 5,000 cuesta unas cinco mil libras.
P prep 1 (near): there arent many shops
around here hay pocas tiendas por aqu.
2 (all over): there were clothes around the
room haba ropa por toda la habitacin.
3 (in a circle or curve) alrededor de: he put
his arms around her la rode con los bra
zos. 4 (at) sobre, cerca de: they came
around seven vinieron sobre las siete.
arouse [raUz] vt 1 (awake) despertar.
2 (sexually) excitar.
arrange [reIndZ] vt 1 (gen) arreglar; (fur-
niture, etc) colocar, ordenar. 2 (plan) pla
near, organizar. 3 (marriage) concertar.
arrangement [reIndZmnt] n 1 (agree-
ment) acuerdo, arreglo. 2 mus arreglo.
P n pl arrangements (plans) planes mpl;
(preparations) preparativos mpl.
array [ereI] n 1 (selection) surtido. 2 (se-
ries) serie f. 3 comput matriz f.
arrears [rIz] n pl atrasos mpl.
arrest [rest] n arresto, detencin f.
arrival [raIvl] n llegada.
arrive [raIv] vi llegar.
arrogant [Qrgnt] adj arrogante.
arrow [QrU] n flecha.
arse [As] n taboo (part of body) culo.
arsenal [Asnl] n arsenal m.
 arsenic
arsenic [As nIk] n arsnico.
arson [Asn] n incendio provocado.
arsonist [AsnIst] n pirmano,a.
art [At] n (painting, etc) arte m.
Pn pl arts (branch of knowledge) letras fpl.
comp art deco art deco m. y art gallery
1 (museum) pinacoteca. 2 (commercial) ga
lera de arte. y art nouveau art nou
veau m, modernismo.
artefact [AtIfQkt] n artefacto.
arterial [AtIrIl] adj 1 anat arterial.
2 (road) principal, importante.
artery [AterI] n anat arteria.
pl arteries.
artesian well [AtizInwel] n pozo
artesiano.
arthritis [ATraIts] n artritis f.
arthropod [ATrpd] n artrpodo.
artichoke [AtItSUk] n alcachofa.
article [AtIkl] n artculo. c o m p article
of clothing prenda de vestir. y definite
article artculo determinado. y indefi
nite article artculo indeterminado. y
leading article editorial m.
articulate [(adj) AtIkjUlt; (vb) AtIkjUleIt]
adj (person) que se expresa con facili
dad; (speech) claro,a.
P vt 1 articular. 2 (pronounce) pronunciar.
articulated [AtIkjUleItId] adj articu
lado,a. c o m p articulated lorry camin
m articulado.
articulation [AtIkjUleISn] n articula
cin f.
artifact [AtIfQkt] n us artefact.
artificial [AtIfISl] adj artificial.
artillery [AtIlrI] n artillera.
artisan [AtIzQn] n artesano,a.
artist [AtIst] n 1 artista mf. 2 (painter)
pintor,ra.
artistic [AtIstIk] adj artstico,a.
artwork [Atwk] n ilustraciones fpl.
as [Qz, unstressed z] prep como: he works
as a clerk trabaja de oficinista.
P adv (in comparatives): eat as much as you
like come tanto como quieras.
P conj 1 (while) mientras; (when) cuando:
as he painted, he whistled mientras pintaba,
silbaba; as he grew older he became more tol-
erant a medida que iba envejeciendo se
20
volva ms tolerante. 2 (because) ya que,
como: as there were no seats we had to
stand como no haba asientos tuvimos
que estar de pie. 3 (although) aunque: tall
as he was, he still couldnt reach the shelf aun
que era alto no poda alcanzar el estante.
l o c as far as hasta. y as far as I know que
yo sepa. y as for en cuanto a. y as if co
mo si. y as long as mientras. y as of des
de. y as soon as tan pronto como. y as
though como si. y as well as adems
de. y as yet hasta ahora, de momento.
asbestos [Qsbests] n amianto.
ascend [send] vt ascender, subir a.
P vi ascender, subir.
ascendancy [sendnsI] n predomi
nio, supremaca.
pl ascendancies.
ascension [senSn] n ascensin f.
ascent [sent] n 1 (slope) subida. 2 (climb)
ascensin f.
ascribe [skraIb] vt atribuir (to, a).
aseptic [septIk] adj asptico,a.
asexual [eIsekSUl] adj asexual.
ash1 [QS] n ceniza. c o m p Ash Wednes
day mircoles m de ceniza.
pl ashes.
ash2 [QS] n (tree) fresno.
pl ashes.
ashamed [SeImd] adj averg onz a
do,a.
ashbin [QSbIn] n us cubo de la basura.
ashtray [QStreI] n cenicero.
Asia [eIS, eIZ] n Asia.
Asian [eISn, eIZn] adj asitico,a.
Pn asitico,a.
Asiatic [eISIQtIk, eIZIQtIk] adj asiti
co,a.
aside [saId] adv al lado, a un lado.
loc aside from aparte de.
ask [Ask] vt 1 (inquire) preguntar. 2 (re-
quest) pedir: we have to ask permission
debemos pedir permiso. 3 (invite) invi
tar, convidar: he asked her to go out with
him la invit a salir con l.
a to ask after vt insep preguntar por.
a to ask for vt insep (thing) pedir; (person)
preguntar por.
a to ask out vt sep invitar a salir.

asleep [slip] adj (person) dormido,a.
loc to fall asleep dormirse.
asparagus [QspQrgs] n (plant) esp
rrago; (shoots) esprragos mpl. c o m p an
asparagus tip una punta de esprrago.
aspect [Qspekt] n 1 (gen) aspecto. 2 (of
building) orientacin f.
asphalt [QsfQlt] n asfalto.
asphyxia [sfIksI] n asfixia.
asphyxiate [sfIksIeIt] vt asfixiar.
aspic [QspIk] n culin gelatina.
aspire [spaIr] vi aspirar (to, a).
aspirin [QspIrIn] n aspirina.
ass1 [Qs] n (animal) burro,a, asno,a;
(person) burro,a, imbcil mf.
ass2 [Qs] n us taboo culo.
assail [seIl] vt 1 (physically) atacar. 2
(doubts, problems, etc) asaltar.
assailant [seIlnt] n atacante mf.
assassin [sQsIn] n asesino,a.
assassinate [sQsIneIt] vt asesinar.
assassination [sQsIneISn] n asesinato.
. Assassin, assassinate y assassina-
tion slo se emplean cuando se trata del
asesinato de un personaje importante. En
los dems casos, se usan las palabras
murderer, murder.
assault [slt] n 1 mil asalto, ataque
m. 2 jur agresin f.
P vt jur (gen) agredir; (sexually) abusar de.
assemble [sembl] vt 1 (bring together)
reunir. 2 (put together) montar. 3 com-
put ensamblar.
P vi reunirse.
assembly [semblI] n 1 (meeting) reu
nin f. 2 (group, body) asamblea. 3 tech
(putting together) montaje m; (unit) uni
dad f. c o m p assembly hall sala de ac
tos. y assembly line cadena de mon
taje.
pl assemblies.
assent [sent] n asentimiento.
P vi asentir (to, a).
assert [st] vt aseverar, afirmar.
assertion [sSn] n afirmacin f.
assess [ses] vt 1 (value) tasar, valorar.
2 (calculate) calcular. 3 fig evaluar.
21 astonish
assessment [sesmnt] n 1 (valuation)
tasacin f, valoracin f. 2 (calculation) A
clculo. 3 fig evaluacin f.
asset [Qset] n calidad f positiva, ven
taja.
P n pl assets comm activo m sing.
assign [saIn] vt asignar, atribuir.
assignment [saInmnt] n 1 (mission)
misin f. 2 (task) tarea.
assimilate [sImIleIt] vt asimilar.
P vi asimilarse.
assist [sIst] vt & vi ayudar.
, To assist no significa asistir, ir, que
se traducen por to attend, to go.
assistance [sIstns] n ayuda.
assistant [sIstnt] n 1 (helper) ayu
dante mf. 2 (in shop) dependiente mf.
associate [(adj-n) sUSIt; (vb) sUSIeIt]
adj 1 (company) asociado,a. 2 (member)
correspondiente.
P n (partner) socio,a.
P vt asociar.
P vi relacionarse (with, con).
association [sUsIeIS n] n asocia
cin f.
associative [sUSItIv] adj asociati
vo,-a.
associativity [sUSItIvItI] n propie
dad f asociativa.
assonance [Qsnns] n asonancia.
assorted [stId] adj surtido,a, va
riado,a.
assortment [stmnt] n surtido,
variedad f.
assume [sjUm] vt 1 (suppose) supo
ner. 2 (power, responsibility) tomar, asu
mir. 3 (attitude, expression) adoptar.
assurance [SUrns] n 1 (guarantee)
garanta. 2 (confidence) seguridad f,
confianza. 3 (insurance) seguro. c o m p
life assurance seguro de vida.
assure [SUr] vt asegurar.
asterisk [QstrIsk] n asterisco.
asteroid [QstrId] n asteroide m.
asthma [Qsm] n asma.
astonish [stnIS] vt asombrar, sor
prender.
 astonishing
astonishing [stnISIN] adj asom
broso,a, sorprendente.
astonishment [stnISmnt] n asom
bro.
astound [staUnd] vt asombrar.
astral [Qstrl] adj astral.
astray [streI] adv extraviado,a. loc
to go astray 1 (err) descarriarse. 2 (be
lost) extraviarse.
astrologer [strldZ r] n astrl o
go,a.
astrology [strldZI] n astrologa.
astronaut [Qstrnt] n astronauta mf.
astronomer [strnmr] n astrno
mo,a.
astronomical [QstrnmIkl] n astro
nmico,a.
astronomy [strnmI] n astrono
ma.
astute [stjUt] adj astuto,a, sagaz.
asylum [saIlm] n 1 (political) asilo,
refugio. 2 (for mentally ill) manicomio.
asymmetric [QsImetrIk] adj asim
trico,a. c o m p asymmetric bars barras
fpl asimtricas.
at1 [Qt, unstressed t] prep 1 (position) en,
a: at home/school/work/church en casa/el
colegio/el trabajo/la iglesia; shes at the
dentists fue al dentista. 2 (time) a: at two
oclock a las dos; at night por la noche. 3
(direction, violence) a, contra: shes always
shouting at them no para de gritarles. 4
(with numbers) a: at 50 miles an hour a 50
millas la hora,. 5 (state): hes at breakfast/
lunch/dinner est desayunando/comien
do/cenando; men at work hombres tra
bajando. 6 (ability): hes good at French va
bien en francs. l o c at first al princi
pio. y at last! por fin! y at least por lo
menos. y at most como mximo.
y at the moment ahora.
at2 [Qt] n (Internet) arroba [@].
ate [et, eIt] pt eat.
atheism [eITIIzm] n atesmo.
atheist [eITIIst] n ateo,a.
Athens [QTnz] n Atenas.
athlete [QTlit] n atleta mf.
athletic [QTletIk] adj 1 atltico,a. 2
(sporty) deportista.
22
athletics [QTletIks] n atletismo.
Atlantic [tlQntIk] adj atlntico,a.
comp the Atlantic (Ocean) el (ocano)
Atlntico.
atlas [Qtls] n atlas m inv.
atmosphere [QtmsfIr] n 1 atmsfera.
2 (ambience) ambiente m, atmsfera.
atmospheric [QtmsferIk] adj atmos
frico,a. c o m p atmospheric pressure
presin f atmosfrica.
atom [Qtm] n tomo. c o m p atom
bomb bomba atmica.
atomic [tmIk] adj atmico,a.
atrium [eItrim] n atrio.
pl atriums o atria [eItrI].
atrocity [trsItI] n atrocidad f.
pl atrocities.
attach [tQtS] vt 1 (fasten) sujetar. 2 (tie)
atar. 3 (stick) pegar. 4 (document) adjun
tar.
attachment [tQtSmnt] n 1 tech ac
cesorio. 2 (to an e-mail) anexo. 3 (fond-
ness) cario, apego.
attack [tQk] n (gen) ataque m; (terrorist)
atentado.
P vt 1 atacar.
attain [teIn] vt 1 (goal) lograr. 2 (rank,
age) llegar a.
attempt [tempt] n (try) intento, ten
tativa.
P vt intentar.
attend [tend] vt 1 (be present at) asistir
a: all her friends attended the funeral todos
sus amigos asistieron al funeral. 2 (care
for) atender, cuidar.
P vi asistir.
a to attend to vt insep 1 ocuparse de. 2
(in shop) despachar.
attendance [tendns] n 1 (being pre-
sent) asistencia. 2 (people present) asis
tentes mpl.
attendant [tendnt] n (in car park, muse-
um) vigilante mf; (in cinema) acomoda
dor,ra.
attention [tenSn] n atencin f.
P interj attention! mil firmes! l o c to
pay attention prestar atencin.
attentive [tentIv] adj 1 (paying atten-
tion) atento,a. 2 (helpful) solcito,a.

attic [QtIk] n desvn m.
attire [taIr] n atuendo, atavo.
attitude [QtItjUd] n 1 (way of thinking)
actitud f. 2 (pose) postura, pose f.
attorney [tnI] n us abogado,a.
c o m p Attorney General gb Minis
tro,a de Justicia.
attract [trQkt] vt atraer.
attraction [trQkSn] n atraccin f.
attractive [trQktIv] adj 1 (person)
atractivo,a. 2 (offer) interesante,
tentador,ra.
attribute [(n) QtrIbjUt; (vb) trIbjUt] n
atributo.
P vt atribuir.
attribution [QtrIbjUSn] n atribucin f.
attributive [trIbjUtIv] adj atributi
vo,a.
atypical [eItIpIkl] adj atpico,a.
aubergine [UbZin] n berenjena.
auction [kSn] n subasta.
P vt subastar.
audacious [deISs] adj 1 (daring) au
daz, intrpido,a. 2 (rude) desc ar
ado,a, osado,a.
audible [dIbl] adj audible.
audience [dIns] n (spectators) pbli
co; (radio) audiencia; (television) tele
spectadores mpl.
audio-visual [dIUvIzjUl] adj au
diovisual.
audit [dIt] n auditora.
P vt auditar.
audition [dISn] n prueba.
auditor [dItr] n auditor,ra.
auditorium [dItrIm] n auditorio.
pl auditoriums o auditoria [dItrI].
augment [gment] vt fml aumentar.
P vi fml aumentarse.
augmentative [gmenttIv] adj au
mentativo,a.
August [gst] n agosto.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta May.
aunt [Ant] n ta.
auntie [AntI] n fam ta, tita.
au pair [Uper] n au pair f. c o m p au pair
girl au pair f.
23 automation
aura [r] n aura.
auricle [rIkl] n 1 (of heart) aurcula. 2 (of A
ear) aurcula, pabelln m de la oreja.
aurora [rr] n aurora. c o m p aurora
australis aurora austral. y aurora bore
alis aurora boreal.
auscultate [sklteIt] vt auscultar.
auscultation [sklteISn] n auscul
tacin f.
austere [stIr] adj austero,a.
austerity [sterItI] n austeridad f.
Australia [streIlI] n Australia.
Australian [streIlIn] adj austra
liano,a.
P n australiano,a.
Austria [strI] n Austria.
Austrian [strIn] adj austraco,a,
austriaco,a.
P n austraco,a, austriaco,a.
authentic [TentIk] adj autntico,a.
author [T r ] n autor,ra, escri
tor,ra.
authoritarian [TrIterIn] adj
autoritario,a.
authority [TrItI] n 1 (gen) autori
dad f. 2 (permission) autorizacin f,
permiso.
pl authorities.
authorisation [TraIzeISn] n au
thorization.
authorise [TraIz] vt authorize.
authorization [TraIzeISn] n auto
rizacin f.
authorize [TraIz] vt autorizar.
autism [tIzm] n autismo.
autistic [tIstIk] adj autista.
auto [tU] n us fam coche m.
pl autos.
autobiography [tbaIgrfI] n au
tobiografa.
pl autobiographies.
autograph [tgrAf] n autgrafo.
P vt autografiar.
automatic [tmQtIk] adj autom
tico,a. c o m p automatic pilot piloto
automtico.
automation [tmeISn] n automati
zacin f.
automobile
automobile [tmbil] n automvil m,
coche m.
autonomous [tnms] adj aut
nomo,a.
autonomy [tnmI] n autonoma.
pl autonomies.
autopsy [tpsI] n autopsia.
pl autopsies.
autumn [tm] n otoo.
auxiliary [gzIljrI] adj auxiliar. comp
auxiliary verb verbo auxiliar.
available [veIlbl] adj disponible.
avalanche [QvlAnS] n 1 alud m. 2 fig
avalancha.
avarice [QvrIs] n avaricia.
avenge [vendZ] vt vengar.
avenue [QvnjU] n 1 (street) avenida.
2 (means) va.
average [QvrIdZ] n promedio, me
dia. l o c above average por encima
de la media. y below average por de
bajo de la media. y on average por
trmino medio.
P adj 1 medio,a. 2 (not special) corrien
te, regular.
P vt hacer un promedio de: I average
10 kilometres an hour hago un promedio
de 10 kilmetros por hora.
aversion [vZn] n aversin f.
avert [vt] vt (avoid) evitar. l o c to
avert ones eyes apartar la vista.
aviary [eIvjrI] n pajarera.
pl aviaries.
aviation [eIvIeISn] n aviacin f.
aviator [eIvIeItr] n aviador,ra.
avid [QvId] adj vido,a.
avocado [QvkAdU] [also avocado
pear] n aguacate m.
pl avocados.
avoid [vId] vt 1 evitar. 2 (question)
eludir. 3 (person) esquivar.
awake [weIk] adj despierto,a.
P vi 1 despertar. 2 despertarse.
pt awoke [wUk], pp awoken [wU-
k n].
awaken [weIkn] vt-vi awake.
pt & pp awakened.
award [wd] n 1 (prize) premio;
(medal) condecoracin f; (trophy) tro
24
feo. 2 (grant) beca. 3 (damages) indem
nizacin f.
P vt 1 (prize, grant) otorgar, conceder. 2
(damages) adjudicar.
aware [wer] adj 1 consciente. 2 (in-
formed) informado,a, enterado,a.
l o c to be aware of ser consciente
de. y to become aware of darse cuen
ta de.
away [weI] adv 1 lejos, fuera, alejn
dose: he lives 4 km away vive a 4 km (de
aqu); the wedding is 6 weeks away faltan
6 semanas para la boda. 2 (indicating con-
tinuity): they worked away all day trabaja
ron todo el da. l o c to go away irse,
marcharse. y to put away guardar. y to
run away irse corriendo.
awe [] n sobrecogimiento.
awful [fUl] adj 1 (shocking) atroz, ho
rrible. 2 fam (very bad) fatal, horrible,
espantoso,a.
awfully [fUlI] adv fam terriblemente.
awhile [waIl] adv un rato.
awkward [kwd] adj 1 (clumsy - per-
son) torpe; (- expression) poco elegan
te. 2 (difficult) difcil; (uncooperative) po
co cooperativo,a: its an awkward place
to get to es difcil llegar hasta all. 3 (em-
barrassing) embarazoso,a, delicado,a.
5 (uncomfortable) incmodo,a.
awning [nIN] n toldo.
awoke [wUk] pt awake.
awoken [wUkn] pp awake.
ax [Qks] n us axe.
axe [Qks] n hacha.
axiom [QksIm] n axioma m.
axis [QksIs] n eje m.
axle [Qksl] n eje m.
axon [Qksm] n axn m.
Azerbaijan [QzbaIdZAn] n Azerbai
yn m.
Azerbaijani [QzbaIdZAnI] adj azer
baiyano,a, azer.
P n 1 (person) azerbaiyano,a, azer
mf. 2 (language) azer m, azerbaiyano.
azimuth [QzImT] n acimut m.
Aztec [Qztek] adj azteca.
P n 1 (person) azteca mf. 2 (language) az
teca m.

25
B, b [bi] n 1 (the letter) B, b f. 2 (musical
note) si m. comp B road carretera se
cundaria.
babble [bQbl] vi balbucear.
Pvt farfullar.
Pn murmullo, rumor m.
baboon [bbUn] n mandril m, babui
no.
baby [beIbI] n 1 beb m. 2 (of animal)
cra. l o c to have a baby dar a luz, te
ner un nio. c o m p baby carriage us
cochecito de nio. y baby tooth dien
te m de leche.
pl babies.
baby-sit [beIbIsIt] vi hacer de cangu
ro, cuidar nios.
pt & pp baby-sat [beIbIsIt], ger baby-
sitting.
baby-sitter [beIbIsItr] n canguro mf.
baby-walker [beIbIwkr] n andador
m, tacataca m, tacat m.
bachelor [bQtSl r] n soltero. c o m p
bachelors degree ttulo de bachiller
(pre-grado universitario) y bachelor
flat departamento de soltero.
bacillus [bsIls] n bacilo.
pl bacilli [bsIlaI].
back [bQk] n 1 (of person) espalda. 2 (of
animal, book) lomo. 3 (of chair) respaldo.
4 (of hand) dorso. 5 (sport - player) de
fensa mf; (- position) defensa.
P adj trasero,a, de atrs.
P adv (at the rear) atrs; (towards the rear)
hacia atrs. l o c back to front al re
vs.
P vt 1 (support) apoyar, respaldar. 2 (fi-
nance) financiar.
a to back away vi retirarse.
a to back off vi apartarse.
a to back out vi volverse atrs.
B
a to back up vt sep (support) apoyar; (ve-
hicle) dar marcha atrs a.
. Cuando se combina con un verbo, la
partcula back da el sentido de contrapar
tida a la accin normal del verbo. As, to
answer back, to be back, to come back,
to give back, to phone back significan
contestar, estar de vuelta, volver, de
volver, volver a llamar
backache [bQkeIk] n dolor m de espalda.
backbone [bQkbUn] n columna ver
tebral.
backbreaking [bQkbreIkIN] adj (work)
agotador,ra.
backcloth [bQkklT] n teln m de fondo.
backdated [bQkdeItId] adj con efecto
retroactivo.
backer [bQkr] n 1 fin promotor,ra. 2
(guarantor) fiador,ra. 3 (supporter)
partidario,a.
backfire [bQkfaIr] vi fallar: our plan
backfired nos sali el tiro por la culata.
background [bQkgraUnd] n 1 fondo.
2 fig (origins) orgenes mpl, anteceden
tes mpl. c o m p background knowledge
conocimientos mpl previos. y back
ground music msica de fondo.
backhand [bQkhQnd] n revs m. c o m p
backhand shot revs m.
backhanded [bQkhQndId] adj (compli-
ment) equvoco,a.
backhander [bQkhQndr] n fam so
borno.
backing [bQkIN] n 1 (support) apoyo,
respaldo. 2 mus acompaamiento.
backlash [bQklQS] n reaccin f vio
lenta y repentina.
pl backlashes.
backlog
backlog [bQklg] n acumulacin f de
trabajo, trabajos mpl pendientes.
backpack [bQkpQk] n us mochila.
P vi viajar por un pas o continente:
my sisters backpacking around Europe mi
hermana est de viaje por Europa.
back-seat [bQksit] n asiento trasero.
backside [bQksaId] n fam trasero.
backslash [bQkslQS] n barra inversa.
backslide [bQkslaId] vi reincidir.
pt & pp backslid [bQkslId].
backstage [bQksteIdZ] n 1 (area) bas
tidores mpl. 2 (dressing-rooms) cameri
nos mpl.
backstroke [bQkstrUk] n (swimming)
espalda.
backtrack [bQktrQk] vi 1 (retrace ones
steps) desandar lo andado, volverse
atrs. 2 (reverse opinion) desdecirse.
backup [bQkp] n 1 (moral support) apo
yo. 2 comput copia de seguridad. c o m p
backup file archivo de seguridad.
backward [bQkwd] adj 1 hacia atrs.
2 (child) atrasado,a. 3 (shy) tmido,a.
P adv backwards.
backwards [bQkwdz] adv 1 hacia
atrs. 2 (the wrong way) al revs: he al-
ways does things backwards siempre hace
las cosas al revs.
backyard [bQkjAd] n patio de atrs.
bacon [beIkn] n tocino, bacn m.
bacteria [bQktIrI] n pl bacterias fpl.
sing bacterium.
bacterium [bQktIrIm] n bacteria.
pl bacteria.
bad [bQd] adj 1 malo,a; (before masc
noun) mal: he made a bad decision tom
una mala decisin. 2 (rotten) podrido,a.
3 (serious) grave: they had a bad accident
tuvieron un accidente grave. 4 (naughty)
malo,a, travieso,a. 5 (aches, illnesses)
fuerte, intenso,a: hes got a bad head-
ache tiene un fuerte dolor de cabeza. l o c
to be bad at (skill, subject) ser malo,a en:
hes bad at English es malo en ingls. y to
come to a bad end acabar mal. y to have
a bad leg tener la pierna lisiada. c o m p
bad cheque cheque m sin fondos.
comp worse, superl worst.
26
P adv mal. l o c to feel bad encontrarse
mal. y to look bad 1 (person) tener ma
la cara. 2 (situation) pintar mal.
P n lo malo. l o c too bad! mala pata!,
qu lstima!
baddy [bQdI] n fam malo,a de la pel
cula.
pl baddies.
bade [beId] pt bid.
badge [bQdZ] n 1 insignia, distintivo. 2
(metallic) chapa. c o m p lapel badge pin m.
badger [bQdZr] n tejn m.
badly [bQdlI] adv 1 mal: he behaved badly
at the party se port mal en la fiesta. 2 (se-
riously) gravemente: he was badly hurt in
the bombing fue gravemente herido en el
atentado. 3 (very much) mucho,a: he
badly needs your help tiene mucha necesi
dad de tu ayuda.
bad-mannered [bQdmQnd] adj
maleducado,a.
bad-tempered [bQdtempd] adj (per-
manently) de mal genio; (temporarily)
malhumorado,a, de mal humor.
baffle [bQfl] vt 1 (perplex) dejar per
plejo,a, desconcertar. 2 (frustrate) frus
trar.
bag [bQg] n 1 (paper, plastic) bolsa; (large)
saco. 2 (handbag) bolso. 3 (for school)
cartera.
P n pl bags (under eyes) ojeras fpl. l o c
bags of montones de.
baggage [bQgIdZ] n equipaje m.
baggy [bQgI] adj holgado,a, an
cho,a.
comp baggier, superl baggiest.
bagpipes [bQgpaIps] n pl gaita f sing.
bail1 [beIl] n fianza. l o c to be on bail
estar en libertad bajo fianza.
a to bail out vt sep 1 pagar la fianza a.
2 fig sacar de un apuro.
bail2 [beIl] vt (water) achicar.
bailiff [beIlIf] n (court officer) alguacil m.
bait [beIt] n cebo.
P vt 1 cebar. 2 (torment) atosigar. l o c to
take the bait picar.
bake [beIk] vt cocer (en el horno).
P vi cocerse.
 27
baked [beIkt] adj cocido al horno. comp
baked apple manzana al horno. y baked
beans alubias fpl guisadas en salsa de
tomate. y baked potato patata asada.
baker [beIkr] n (of bread) panadero,a;
(of cakes) pastelero,a.
bakery [beIkrI] n (for bread) panade
ra; (for cakes) pastelera.
pl bakeries.
baking [beIkIN] n coccin f. c o m p baking
powder levadura en polvo. y baking
soda bicarbonato sdico.
balaclava [bQlklAv] n pasamonta
as m.
balance [bQlns] n 1 equilibrio. 2
(scales) balanza. 3 (of account, etc) saldo. 4
(remainder) resto.
P vi 1 mantenerse en equilibrio. 2 fin
cuadrar.
balanced [bQlnst] adj equilib ra
do,a.
balcony [bQlknI] n 1 balcn m. 2 (in
theatre) anfiteatro; (gallery) gallinero.
pl balconies.
bald [bld] adj 1 calvo,a. 2 (tyre)
desgastado,a. 3 (style) escueto,a. 4
(statement) directo,a, franco,a.
Balearic [bQlIQrIk] adj balear, bale
rico,a. c o m p the Balearic Islands las
(islas) Baleares.
ball [bl] n 1 (gen) pelota; (football, etc)
baln m; (golf, billiards) bola. 2 (of paper)
bola; (of wool) ovillo. 3 (of eye) globo
ocular. 4 (dance) baile m, fiesta. l o c to
play ball 1 us (sport) jugar a la pelota.
2 (cooperate) cooperar, colaborar. c o m p
gala ball baile m de etiqueta.
ballad [bQld] n balada.
ball-and-socket [blnskIt] comp
ball-and-socket joint articulacin f de
rtula.
ballast [bQlst] n (boat, balloon) lastre m.
ballerina [bQlrin] n bailarina.
ballet [bQleI] n ballet m.
ballistics [blIstIks] n balstica.
balloon [blUn] n 1 globo. 2 (in cartoon)
bocadillo. 3 (glass) copa grande.
, Balloon no significa baln, que se
traduce por ball.
bandit
ballot [bQlt] n 1 (vote) votacin f. 2
(votes recorded) nmero de votos escru
tados. l o c to take a ballot on sth so
meter algo a votacin. c o m p ballot B
box urna. y ballot paper papeleta.
ballpoint [blpInt] [tambin ballpoint
pen] n bolgrafo.
ballroom [blrUm] n sala de baile.
compballroom dancing baile m de saln.
balm [bAm] n blsamo.
balmy [bAmI] adj 1 (weather) suave. 2
(soothing) balsmico,a.
comp balmier, superl balmiest.
balsam [blsm] n balm.
balsamic [blsQmIk] adj balsmico,a.
Baltic [bltIk] adj bltico,a. c o m p the
Baltic (Sea) el (mar) Bltico.
bamboo [bQmbU] n bamb m.
ban [bQn] n prohibicin f.
P vt prohibir.
pt & pp banned, ger banning.
banal [bnAl] adj banal, trivial.
banality [bnQlItI] n banalidad f.
pl banalities.
banana [bnAn] n 1 (fruit) pltano,
banana. 2 (tree) bananero, am banano.
band [bQnd] n 1 (gen) banda; (pop)
conjunto; (jazz) orquesta. 2 (strip) tira.
3 (around arm) brazalete m. 4 (wrapper)
faja. 5 phys banda, frecuencia. 7 tech
correa.
bandage [bQndIdZ] n venda, vendaje m.
P vt vendar.
a to bandage up vt sep vendar.
Band-Aid [bQndeId] n tirita, par
che curita.
B and B [binbi] abbr (bed and break-
fast) casa de huspedes que ofrece habitacin
con desayuno incluido.
" Los B and B son una alternativa por lo
general ms asequible a los hoteles. Tradi
cionalmente, estos establecimientos so
lan estar situados en casas grandes cuyos
dueos obtenan as una fuente adicional
de ingresos. Hoy en da, el concepto se ha
ampliado y hay B and B para todos los
gustos y bolsillos.
bandit [bQndIt] n bandido,a.
bandstand
bandstand [bQndstQnd] n quiosco de
msica.
bandwidth [bQndwIdT] n ancho de
banda.
bandy [bQndI] vt sp (ball) pasarse. loc
to bandy sb s name about difamar
algn, hablar mal de algn.
pt & pp bandied, ger bandying.
bandy-legged [bQndlg d] adj pa
tizambo,-a.
bang [bQN] n 1 (blow) golpe m. 2 (noise)
ruido; (of gun) estampido; (explosion) es
tallido; (of door) portazo.
P vt golpear, dar golpes en.
P adv fam justo: bang in the middle justo
en medio. l o c to bang the door dar un
portazo.
P n pl bangs us flequillo.
banger [bQNr] n 1 (firework) petardo.
2 gb fam (sausage) salchicha. 3 fam (car)
cacharro, trasto.
bangle [bQNgl] n brazalete m.
banish [bQnIS] vt (expel) desterrar.
banishment [bQnISmnt] n destierro,
exilio.
banister [bQnIstr] n barandilla.
bank1 [bQNk] n banco. c o m p bank holi
day gb festivo, da festivo.
P vt (deposit money) ingresar, depositar.
bank2 [bQNk] n 1 (of river) ribera; (edge)
orilla: on the banks of the Manzanares a
orillas del Manzanares. 2 (mound) loma;
(embankment) terrapln m.
P vt 1 (soil, earth) amontonar. 2 (river)
encauzar.
bankbook [bQNkbUk] n libreta de
ahorro, cartilla de ahorro.
banker [bQNkr] n banquero,a.
banking [bQNkIN] n banca.
banknote [bQNknUt] n billete m de
banco.
bankruptcy [bQNkrptsI] n quiebra,
bancarrota.
pl bankruptcies.
banner [bQnr] n 1 (flag) bandera. 2
(placard) pancarta. 3 (on web page) ban
ner m, anuncio.
P adj us excelente, de primera. c o m p
banner headlines grandes titulares mpl.
28
banns [bQnz] n pl amonestaciones fpl.
banquet [bQNkwIt] n banquete m.
banter [bQntr] n bromas fpl, guasa.
P vi bromear, estar de guasa.
baptise [bQptaIz] vt baptize.
baptism [bQptIzm] n bautismo.
baptize [bQptaIz] vt bautizar.
bar [bAr] n 1 (iron, gold) barra. 2 (in prison)
barrote m. 3 (soap) pastilla. 4 (obstacle)
obstculo. 5 (counter) barra, mostrador
m. 6 (room) bar m. 7 (in court) tribunal m:
the prisoner at the bar el acusado, la acusa
da. c o m p bar chart grfica de barras.
P vt 1 (door) atrancar; (road, access) cortar.
2 (ban) prohibir, vedar; (from a place) pro
hibir la entrada. 3 (prevent) impedir.
pt & pp barred, ger barring.
P prep excepto, salvo: they all came, bar
his parents acudieron todos, excepto sus
padres.
P n the Bar jur el colegio de abogados.
barbarian [bAberIn] adj brba
ro,a.
P n brbaro,a.
barbecue [bAbkjU] n barbacoa,
asado.
P vt asar a la parrilla.
ger barbecuing.
barbed [bAbd] adj 1 con pas, pun
zante. 2 fig mordaz, incisivo,a.
barber [bAbr] n barbero. comp bar
bers shop barbera.
barbiturate [bAbItSrt] n barbitrico.
bare [ber] adj 1 (naked) desnudo,a;
(head) descubierto,a. 2 (land) raso,a;
(tree, plant) sin hojas. 3 (empty) vaco,a;
(unfurnished) sin muebles. 4 (scant)
escaso,a. 5 (worn) gastado,a, rado,a.
P vt desnudar; (uncover) descubrir.
barefaced [befeIst] adj descarado,a.
barefoot [befUt] adj descalzo,a.
P adv descalzo,a.
barely [belI] adv apenas.
bargain [bAgn] n 1 (agreement) trato,
acuerdo. 2 (good buy) ganga.
P vi 1 (negotiate) negociar. 2 (haggle) re
gatear. c o m p bargain offer oferta es
pecial. y bargain price precio de ofer
ta, precio de saldo.

barge [bAdZ] n gabarra, barcaza.
baritone [bQrItUn] n bartono.
barium [berIm] n bario.
bark1 [bAk] n 1 (of dog) ladrido. 2 (cough)
tos f fuerte.
P vi ladrar.
bark2 [bAk] n (of tree) corteza.
barley [bAlI] n cebada.
barmaid [bAmeId] n camarera.
barman [bAmn] n camarero, bar
man m.
pl barmen [bAmen].
barn [bAn] n (for grain) granero.
barnacle [bAnkl] n percebe m.
barnyard [bAnjAd] n corral m.
barometer [brmItr] n barmetro.
baron [bQrn] n barn m.
baroness [bQrns] n baronesa.
baroque [brk] adj barroco,a.
P n barroco.
barrack [bQrk] vt (jeer) abuchear.
barracks [bQrks] n pl cuartel m.
. Puede considerarse singular o plural:
where is/are the barracks dnde est el
cuartel.
barrage [bQrAZ] n presa, embalse m.
barrel [bQrl] n 1 (of beer) barril m; (of
wine) tonel m, cuba. 2 (of gun) can m.
3 (of pen) depsito. 4 tech tambor m.
barren [bQrn] adj 1 (land, woman) est
ril. 2 (meagre) escaso,a.
barricade [bQrIkeId] n barricada.
P vt poner barricadas en.
barrier [bQrIr] n barrera. c o m p barrier
reef banco de coral, arrecife m.
barrister [bQrIst r] n abogado,a
(capacitado,a para actuar en tribunales superiores).
barrow [bQrU] n (wheelbarrow) carreti
lla; (for carrying goods) carro.
barstool [bAstUl] n taburete m de bar.
bartender [bAtendr] n us camarero,
barman m.
barter [bAtr] n trueque m.
P vt trocar.
basalt [bQslt] n basalto.
base1 [beIs] n 1 (gen) base f. 2 arch (of
column) basa, base f. 3 (of word) raz f.
P vt basar.
29 bat
base 2
[beIs] adj 1 bajo,a, vil. 2 (metal)
comn, de baja ley.
baseball [beIsbl] n bisbol m.
baseline [beIslaIn] n 1 sp (tennis) lnea B
de saque. 2 (diagram) lnea cero. 3 art
punto de fuga.
basement [beIsmnt] n stano.
bash [bQS] vt fam golpear, aporrear.
P n 1 fam (blow) golpe m. 2 fam (try) in
tento.
bashful [bQSfUl] adj vergonzoso,a,
tmido,a, modesto,a.
basic [beIsIk] adj 1 bsico,a. 2 (elemen-
tary) elemental, para principiantes.
basil [bQzl] n bot albahaca.
basilica [bzIlIk] n baslica.
basin [beIsn] n 1 (bowl) cuenco; (wash-
bowl) palangana. 2 (washbasin) lavabo.
3 geog cuenca.
basis [beIsIs] n base f, fundamento.
l o c on the basis of 1 (according to) se
gn. 2 (in accordance with) de acuerdo
con. 3 (starting from) a partir de. 2 (be-
cause of) por, a causa de.
pl bases [beIsiz].
. En ocasiones, basis puede traducirse
al espaol mediante un adverbio: on a
temporary/regular/weekly basis temporal
mente/regularmente/semanalmente.
bask [bAsk] vi tumbarse al sol.
basket [bAskIt] n 1 cesta, cesto. 2
(basketball) canasta, cesta. 3 (of balloon)
barquilla.
basketball [bAskItbl] n baloncesto.
Basque [bAsk] adj vasco,a.
P n 1 (person) vasco,a. 2 (language) vas
co, euskera m.
bas-relief [bQsrIlif] n bajorrelieve m.
bass1 [beIs] n 1 mus (singer) bajo. 2 mus
(notes) graves mpl. 3 mus (guitar) bajo.
P adj mus bajo,a.
bass2 [bQs] n (fish) rbalo, lubina; (fresh-
water) perca.
bassoon [bsUn] n fagot m.
bastard [bAstd] adj & n bastardo,a.
baste [beIst] vt culin rociar, baar.
bastion [bQstIn] n baluarte m.
bat1 [bQt] n zool murcilago.
bat
bat 2
[bQt] n sp bate m; (table tennis) pala.
P vi batear.
pt & pp batted, ger batting.
batch [bQtS] n (gen) lote m, remesa; (of
bread, etc) hornada.
bath [bAT] n 1 bao. 2 (tub) baera.
P vi baarse.
P n pl baths piscina f sing municipal.
l o c to have a bath / take a bath baar
se. y to run a bath preparar un bao.
bathe [beID] vt 1 med (cut, wound) lavar.
2 (eyes) baarse. 3 fig (with light) baar.
P vi (in sea) baarse.
" La diferencia entre los verbos bath y
bathe es que este ltimo se emplea para
referirse a un bao en el mar, un ro o un
lago, es decir, sin un objetivo higinico.
bather [beIDr] n baista mf.
bathing [beIDIN] n bao. l o c No bath
ing Prohibido baarse. c o m p bath
ing costume traje m de bao. y bathing
suit traje m de bao.
bathrobe [bATrUb] n albornoz m.
bathroom [bATrUm] n cuarto de bao.
bathtub [bATtb] n us baera.
bathyscaph [bQTIskQf] n batiscafo.
baton [bQtn, bQtn] n 1 (truncheon)
porra. 2 mus batuta. 3 sp testigo.
batrachian [btreIkjn] adj batracio,a.
P n batracio.
battalion [btQljn] n batalln m.
batter1 [bQtr] n culin rebozado.
batter2 [bQtr] vt (person) golpear, apa
lear; (bruise) magullar; (object) maltra
tar, estropear.
batter 3 [bQt r] n sp (baseball, cricket)
bateador,ra.
battery [bQtrI] n 1 elec (wet) batera;
(dry) pila. 2 mil (of artillery) batera. 3
(series) batera.
pl batteries.
battle [bQtl] n batalla.
P vi pelearse, batirse.
battlefield [bQtlfild] n campo de
batalla.
battleship [bQtlSIp] n acorazado.
bauble [bbl] n 1 (trinket) baratija. 2
(Christmas decoration) bola de Navidad.
30
bawl [bl] vi chillar, gritar.
bay1 [beI] n geog baha; (large) golfo.
comp Bay of Biscay golfo de Vizcaya.
bay2 [beI] n (tree) laurel m.
bay3 [beI] vi (howl) aullar.
bay4 [beI] n 1 arch (recess) hueco, ni
cho. 2 (in factory) nave f.
bayonet [beInt] n mil bayoneta.
bazaar [bzAr] n bazar m.
BBC [bibisi] abbr (British Broadcast-
ing Corporation) compaa britnica
de radiodifusin; (abbreviation) BBC f.
BC [bisi] abbr (before Christ) antes de
Cristo.
be [bi] vi 1 (permanent or essential charac-
teristic) ser: shes clever es inteligente. 2
(nationality, origin) ser: Johns English John
es ingls. 3 (occupation) ser: we are both
teachers los dos somos profesores. 4
(ownership, authorship) ser: its my pencil es
mi lpiz. 5 (composition) ser: this cupboard
is oak este armario es de roble. 6 (use)
ser: this product is for tiles este producto
es para baldosas. 7 (location) estar: Whit-
by is on the coast Whitby est en la costa.
8 (temporary state) estar: your suppers cold
tu cena est fra; how are you? cmo es
ts? 9 (age) tener: Philip is 22 Philip tiene
22 aos. 10 (price) costar, valer: a single
ticket is 9.50 un billete de ida cuesta 9,50
libras. 11 tener: hes hot/cold tiene calor/
fro; hes right tiene razn. l o c to be
about to + inf estar para + inf, estar a
punto de + inf: the train is about to arrive
el tren est a punto de llegar.
P aux 1 be + pres part (action in progress or
near future) estar: it is raining est llovien
do; the train is coming viene el tren; I am
going on Thursday ir el jueves. 2 to be +
pp (passive) ser: she was arrested at the bor-
der fue detenida en la frontera, la detu
vieron en la frontera. 3 be + to + inf (fu-
ture): the King is to visit Egypt el Rey visitar
Egipto. l o c there is / there are hay.
a to be after vi querer, estar buscando:
what are you after? que ests buscando?
a to be off vi (leave) salir, marcharse;
(be stale, bad) estar pasado,a.
a to be in vi 1 (at home) estar en casa. 2
(in fashion) estar de moda.

a to be out vi (away) no estar, estar
fuera: Johns out at the moment John no
est en estos momentos.
a to be away vi estar fuera.
a to be back vi estar de vuelta, haber
vuelto.
a to be over vi haber acabado.
pres 1 pers am, 2 pers sing y todas las del
pl are, 3 pers sing is; pt 1 y 3 pers sing was,
2 pers sing y todas del pl were; pp been.
beach [bitS] n playa.
pl beaches.
beacon [bikn] n 1 (fire) almenara. 2
(light) baliza. 3 (lighthouse) faro.
bead [bid] n 1 (on rosary, necklace) cuen
ta; (glass) abalorio. 2 (of liquid) gota.
beak [bik] n pico.
beaker [bik r] n 1 taza alta. 2 (for
measuring, playing dice) cubilete m. 3
chem vaso de precipitacin.
beam [bim] n 1 (wooden) viga. 2 (of light)
rayo. 3 (width of ship) manga. 4 (smile)
sonrisa radiante. 5 phys haz m.
P vi 1 (shine) brillar. 2 (smile) sonrer.
P vt irradiar, emitir. c o m p electron
beam haz m de electrones.
bean [bin] n 1 (vegetable) alubia, juda,
haba. 2 (of coffee) grano.
beansprout [binspraUt] n brote m de
soja.
bear1 [ber] n zool oso. c o m p bear cub
zool osezno. y grizzly bear oso par
do. y the Great Bear la Osa Mayor. y
the Little Bear la Osa Menor.
bear2 [ber] vt 1 (gen) llevar. 2 (show signs
of) mostrar, revelar. 3 (weight) soportar,
aguantar; (responsibility, cost) asumir. 4
(fruit) producir. 5 fin (interest) devengar.
pt bore [br], pp borne [bn].
bearable [berbl] adj soportable,
llevadero,a.
beard [bId] n 1 (on face) barba. 2 (of
corn) arista, raspa.
bearded [bIdId] adj barbudo,a.
bearing [berIN] n 1 (posture) porte m. 2
(relevance) relacin f. 3 (importance) tras
cendencia. 4 tech cojinete m. 5 arch
soporte m, columna. 6 mar rumbo,
orientacin f.
bearskin [beskIn] n (hat) birretina.
31 become
beast [bist] n bestia, animal m.
beastly [bistlI] adj 1 bestial. 2 (unpleas-
ant) antiptico,a. 3 sl (damn) dicho
so,a, maldito,a. B
comp beastlier, superl beastliest.
beat [bit] n 1 (of heart) latido. 2 (noise)
golpe m, ruido; (of rain) tamborileo;
(of wings) aleteo. 3 mus ritmo. 4 (of po-
liceman) ronda.
P adj fam agotado,a, rendido,a.
P vt 1 (hit) golpear; (metals) martillear;
(person) azotar; (drum) tocar. 2 culin
batir. 3 (defeat) vencer, derrotar; (in
competition) ganar.
P vi 1 (heart) latir. 2 (wings) batir.
a to beat down vt sep 1 (door) derribar,
echar abajo. 2 (price) conseguir un
precio ms bajo.
a to beat up vt sep dar una paliza a.
pt beat, pp beaten [bitn].
beater [bitr] n 1 culin batidora. 2 (in
hunting) ojeador,ra.
beating [bitIN] n 1 (thrashing) paliza. 2
(defeat) derrota. 3 (of heart) latidos mpl.
beautician [bjUtISn] n esteticista mf.
beautiful [bjUtIfUl] adj 1 (person, object,
place) hermoso,a, bonito,a, precio
so,a; (person) guapo,a. 2 (wonderful)
maravilloso,a, magnfico,a. 3 (deli-
cious) delicioso,a.
beauty [bjUtI] n belleza. c o m p beauty
spot 1 (on face) lunar m. 2 (place) lugar
m pintoresco.
pl beauties.
beaver [bivr] n castor m.
became [bIkeIm] pt become.
because [bIkz] conj porque.
P prep because of a causa de: they were
late because of the snow llegaron tarde a
causa de la nieve.
become [bIkm] vi 1 (with noun) con
vertirse en, hacerse, llegar a ser: to
become a doctor/teacher h a c e r s e
mdico,a/maestro,a; to become friends
hacerse amigos. 2 (change into) conver
tirse en, transformarse en: chrysalises
become butterflies las crislidas se trans
forman en mariposas. 3 (irrevocable state)
volverse; (temporary state) ponerse; (in-
voluntary state) quedarse: to become mad
becoming
volverse loco,a, to become fat engordar;
to become sad ponerse triste.
pt became [bIkeIm], pp become.
becoming [bIkmIN] adj 1 (dress, etc)
que sienta bien, favorecedor,ra. 2
(behaviour, language) apropiado,a.
bed [bed] n 1 cama. 2 (for animals) lecho.
3 (of flowers) arriate m, macizo. 4 (of river)
lecho, cauce m; (of sea) fondo. 5 geol
capa, yacimiento. l o c to go to bed
acostarse. y to put sb to bed acostar a
algn. y to make the bed hacer la cama.
c o m p bunk bed litera. y double bed ca
ma de matrimonio. y single bed cama
individual. y twin beds camas fpl sepa
radas. y bed and board pensin f com
pleta. y bed and breakfast alojamiento
con desayuno incluido.
. Consulta B and B.
bedbug [bedbg] n chinche f.
bedclothes [bedklUDz] n pl ropa de ca
ma.
bedding [bedIN] n 1 ropa de cama. 2
(for animals) lecho.
bedpan [bedpQn] n cua, orinal m de
cama.
bedridden [bedrIdn] adj postrado,a
en cama.
bedroom [bedrUm] n dormitorio,
habitacin f.
bedside [bedsaId] n cabecera.
bedsit [bedsIt] n estudio.
" El bedsit es un tipo de alojamiento de
alquiler asequible tpico del Reino Unido.
Consiste en una sola habitacin que hace
de dormitorio, sala de estar y comedor. Se
suele compartir el bao con otras perso
nas y a veces se tiene derecho a cocina.
bedsore [beds] n med llaga, lcera.
bedspread [bedspred] n cubrecama.
bedtime [bedtaIm] n la hora de acos
tarse.
bee [bi] n abeja.
beech [bitS] n (wood) haya.
c o m p beech
grove hayal m, hayedo. y beech tree
haya.
bee-eater [biitr] n abejaruco.
32
beef [bif] n 1 (meat) carne f de buey,
carne f de vaca. 2 (animal) buey m, va
ca; (cattle) ganado vacuno. c o m p corned
beef carne f de vaca en conserva.
beefburger [bifbg r] n hambur
guesa.
beefeater [bifitr] n alabardero de
la Torre de Londres.
beefsteak [bifsteIk] n bistec m.
beehive [bihaIv] n colmena.
beekeeper [bikipr] n apicultor,ra.
beekeeping [bikipIN] n apicultura.
beeline [bilaIn] n lnea recta. l o c to
make a beeline for irse directamen
te a
been [bin, bIn] pp be.
beep [bip] n pitido.
P vi pitar, tocar el pito. l o c to beep
the horn tocar el claxon.
beer [bIr] n cerveza.
beeswax [bizwQks] n cera de abejas.
beet [bit] n remolacha.
beetle [bitl] n escarabajo.
beetroot [bitrUt] n 1 [pl beet] remola
cha azucarera. 2 us [pl beets] remo
lacha.
before [bIfr] prep 1 (earlier) antes de. 2
(in front of) delante de; (in the presence of)
ante; (for the attention of) ante: hes before
me in the queue va delante de mi en la cola;
he appeared before the judge compareci
ante el juez. 3 (rather than) antes que. 4
(ahead) por delante. 5 (first) primero: la-
dies before gentlemen las seoras primero.
P conj 1 (earlier than) antes de + inf, an
tes de que + subj : dont forget to say
goodbye before you go no te olvides de
despedirte antes de irte. 2 (rather than)
antes de + inf: he would starve before he
asked them for money preferira morir de
hambre antes de pedirles dinero.
P adv 1 (earlier) antes. 2 (previous) ante
rior. 3 (already) ya: weve seen it before ya
lo hemos visto.
beforehand [bIfhQnd] adv 1 (earlier)
antes. 2 (in advance) de antemano, con
antelacin: payment must be made a
month beforehand los pagos deben efec
tuarse con un mes de antelacin. 3 (be-

fore) antes: they arrived two hours before-
hand llegaron dos horas antes.
befriend [bIfrend] vt ofrecer su amis
tad a.
beg [beg] vt 1 mendigar. 2 (ask for) pe
dir. 3 lit (beseech) suplicar, rogar. l o c
I beg your pardon cmo ha dicho?
P vi 1 mendigar. 2 (dog) sentarse (con
las patas delanteras levantadas).
pt & pp begged, ger begging.
began [bIgQn] pt begin.
beggar [begr] n 1 mendigo,a, por
diosero,a. 2 fam tipo, individuo,a:
hes a funny beggar es un tipo raro.
begin [bIgIn] vt empezar, comenzar.
pt began [ b I g Q n ] , pp begun
[bIgn], ger beginning.
beginner [bIgInr] n principiante mf.
beginning [bIgInIN] n 1 principio, co
mienzo. 2 (cause) origen m, causa.
begrudge [bIgrdZ] vt 1 (envy) envi
diar. 2 (disapprove) desaprobar.
beguile [bIgaIl] vt 1 (seduce) seducir,
atraer; (bewitch) embrujar. 2 (cheat) en
gaar.
begun [bIgn] pp begin.
behalf [bIhAf] phr on behalf of (acting
for) en nombre de, de parte de; (in fa-
vour of) por, en favor de; (for the benefit
of) para, en beneficio de.
behave [bIheIv] vi 1 (people) compor
tarse, portarse. 2 (equipment, machinery)
funcionar bien: this computer wont be-
have este ordenador no funciona bien.
behavior [bIheIvjr] n us behaviour.
behaviour [bIheIvj r] n 1 (of person)
conducta, comportamiento. 2 (of
equipment, machine) funcionamiento. 3
(treatment) trato.
behead [bIhed] vt decapitar.
behind [bIhaInd] prep detrs de.
P adv 1 detrs, atrs. 2 (late) atras a
do,a. 3 (with payment) retrasado,a:
hes behind with the payments est retrasa
do en los pagos.
P n fam (buttocks) trasero.
behindhand [bIhaIndhQnd] adv en re
traso, retrasado,a.
beige [beIZ] n beige m.
P adj (de color) beige.
33 bell-bottoms
being [biIN] n 1 (living thing) ser m. 2 (ex-
istence) existencia. l o c being as ya que,
puesto que: being as they arrived late
puesto que llegaron tarde y for the B
time being por ahora, de momento.
c o m p human being ser m humano.
Belarus [belrs] n Bielorrusia.
belated [bIleItId] adj fam tardo,a.
belay [bIleI] vt (boat) amarrar; (rope in
mountaineering) asegurar, fijar.
belch [beltS] n eructo.
P vi eructar. l o c to belch (out) vomi
tar, arrojar: the burning building belched
out smoke el edificio en llamas arrojaba
humo.
beleaguer [bIligr] vt 1 (beseige) sitiar,
cercar. 2 (harass) perseguir, hostigar.
belfry [belfrI] n campanario.
pl belfries.
Belgian [beldZn] adj belga.
P n belga mf.
Belgium [beldZm] n Blgica.
belie [bIlaI] vt 1 (contradict) mostrar co
mo falso. 2 (misrepresent) no reflejar,
ocultar. 3 (fail to justify) defraudar.
belief [bIlif] n 1 (gen) creencia. 2 (opin-
ion) opinin f. 3 (confidence) confianza:
he has no belief in the legal system no tiene
confianza en el sistema jurdico. l o c to
the best of my belief que yo sepa. y it
is beyond belief parece mentira.
believable [bIlivbl] adj creble, ve
rosmil.
believe [bIliv] vt 1 (accept as true, think)
creer. 2 (suppose) suponer.
P vi 1 creer ( in, en). 2 (trust) confiar
(in, en). 3 (support, be in favour of) ser
partidario,a (in, de). 4 rel tener fe.
l o c it is believed that se cree que.
believer [bIlivr] n 1 creyente mf. 2
(supporter) partidario,a.
belittle [bIlItl] vt menospreciar.
bell [bel] n 1 (church, etc) campana. 2
(handbell) campanilla. 3 (on bicycle, door,
etc) timbre m. 4 (on toy, hat) cascabel m. 5
(cowbell) cencerro. 6 (flower) campani
lla. l o c to ring the bell tocar el timbre.
bell-bottoms [belbtmz] n pl panta
lones mpl acampanados.
 bellboy
bellboy [belbI] n botones m.
bellhop [belhp] n us botones m.
belligerent [bIlIdZrnt] adj belige
rante.
bellow [belU] n bramido.
P vi bramar.
P n pl bellows fuelle m sing.
belly [belI] n 1 (person) vientre m, barri
ga. 2 (animal) panza. c o m p belly button
ombligo. y belly laugh carcajada.
pl bellies.
bellyache [belIeIk] n fam dolor m de
barriga.
P vi fam quejarse.
bellybutton [belIbtn] n fam ombligo.
belong [bIlN] vi 1 pertenecer (to, a),
ser (to, de). 2 (be a member of a club) ser
socio,a (to, de); (be a member of a politi-
cal party) ser miembro (to, de). 3 (have
suitable qualities) ser apto,a (in, para).
belongings [bIlNINz] n pl pertenen
cias fpl, brtulos mpl.
beloved [(adj) bIlvd; (n) bIlvId] adj
querido,a, amado,a.
P n amado,a.
below [bIlU] prep 1 debajo de, bajo. 2
por debajo (de). 3 (lower than) ba
jo. l o c below sea level por debajo del
nivel del mar.
P adv 1 abajo. 2 de abajo. l o c see be
low vase abajo.
belt [belt] n 1 cinturn m. 2 tech co
rrea. 3 (area) zona.
P vt fam (hit) arrear un tortazo.
a to belt along vi fam ir a todo gas.
a to belt up vi fam cerrar el pico.
bemused [bImjUzd] adj perplejo,a.
bench [bentS] n 1 banco. 2 jur tribunal
m . 3 sp banquillo. l o c to be on the
bench ser juez,za.
pl benches.
bend [bend] n 1 (in road, etc) curva. 2 (in
pipe) ngulo.
P vt 1 doblar, curvar. 2 (head) inclinar;
(back) doblar, encorvar; (knee) doblar,
flexionar.
P vi 1 doblarse, combarse: the legs of
the chair bent when he sat down las patas
de la silla se combaron cuando se sent.
34
2 (head) inclinarse; (back) encorvarse.
3 (road) torcer.
a to bend down vi agacharse.
a to bend over vi inclinarse.
pt & pp bent [bent].
beneath [bIniT] prep 1 bajo, debajo
de. 2 por debajo de: the underground
line runs beneath our house la lnea de me
tro va por debajo de nuestra casa. 3 fig
indigno,a de, no digno,a de: its be-
neath you to behave like this es indigno de
ti comportarte de esta manera.
P adv de abajo: she lives in the flat be-
neath vive en el piso de abajo.
benefactor [benIfQktr] n benefactor m.
beneficial [benIfISl] adj beneficio
so,a, provechoso,a.
beneficiary [benIfISrI] n beneficia
rio,a.
pl beneficiaries.
benefit [benIfIt] n 1 (advantage) benefi
cio, provecho. 2 (good) bien m. 3 (al-
lowance) subsidio. 4 (charity performance)
funcin f benfica; (charity game) par
tido benfico.
P vt beneficiar.
P vi beneficiarse (from, de).
pt & pp benefited (us benefitted), ger
benefiting (us benefitting).
benevolence [bInevlns] n benevo
lencia.
benevolent [bInevlnt] adj ben
volo,a. c o m p benevolent society so
ciedad f benfica.
beneficence [bInefIsns] n benefi
cencia.
benign [bInaIn] adj benigno,a.
bent [bent] pt & pp bend.
P adj 1 torcido,a, doblado,a. 2 sl
(corrupt) corrupto,a.
P n (innate ability) facilidad f , don m :
shes got a bent for maths tiene facilidad
para las matemticas.
benzene [benzin] n chem benceno.
benzine [benzin] n chem bencina.
bequest [bIkwest] n legado.
bereaved [bIrivd] adj descons ol a
do,a, afligido,a: his bereaved wife su
desconsolada esposa.

bereavement [bIrivmnt] n 1 (loss)
prdida. 2 (mourning) duelo.
beret [bereI] n boina.
berry [berI] n baya.
pl berries.
. Hay muchas frutas cuyo nombre se
forma con berry, ya que se trata de bayas.
Por ejemplo: blackberry (mora), goose-
berry (grosella espinosa), raspberry
(frambuesa) o strawberry (fresn).
berserk [bzk] adj enloquecido,a.
berth [bT] n 1 (in harbour) amarrade
ro. 2 (on ship) camarote m, litera.
P vi atracar.
beryl [berl] n geol berilo.
beryllium [brIlIm] n chem berilio.
beseech [bIsitS] vt lit implorar, suplicar.
pt & pp besought [bIst] o be-
seeched.
beset [bIset] vt 1 (attack, harass) acosar,
asaltar. 2 (hem in, surround) acorralar,
cercar.
pt & pp beset, ger besetting.
beside [bIsaId] prep 1 al lado de. 2
(compared to) frente a, comparado,a
con. l o c to be beside os estar fuera
de s. y thats beside the point esto no
viene al caso.
besides [bIsaIdz] prep (as well as) ade
ms de, aparte de.
P adv adems.
besiege [bIsidZ] vt 1 mil sitiar. 2 fig
asediar, inundar.
besought [bIst] pt & pp beseech.
best [best] adj (superl of good) mejor.
l o c the best part of casi: it cost me the
best part of 5,000 me cost casi 5.000 li
bras. c o m p best man padrino de boda.
the best one el mejor, la mejor.
P adv 1 (superl of well) mejor. 2 (to a great-
er extent) ms: of all the girls she is the one
he likes best de todas las chicas ella es la
que le gusta ms. l o c best before con
sumir preferentemente antes de
P n 1 lo mejor: the best is yet to come lo
mejor an est por venir. 2 (person) el me
jor, la mejor: shes the best in the class at
history es la mejor de la clase en historia.
35 between
3 (in sport) plusmarca. l o c all the best! 1
que te vaya bien! 2 (in letter) un saludo.
y its for the best ms vale que sea as.
bestial [bestIl] adj bestial, brutal. B
bestow [bIstU] vt (honour, award) otor
gar (on, a); (favour) hacer (on, a); (title)
conferir (on, a).
best-seller [bestselr] n best seller m,
superventas m.
bet [bet] n apuesta. l o c to make a bet
hacer una apuesta.
P vt & vi apostar
pt & pp bet o betted, ger betting.
beta [bit] n beta. c o m p beta rays ra
yos mpl beta.
betray [bItreI] vt 1 traicionar. 2 (secret)
revelar. 3 (show signs of) dejar ver, acu
sar. 4 (deceive) engaar.
betrayal [bItreIl] n 1 traicin f. 2 (de-
ceit) engao.
better1 [betr] adj 1 (comp of good) me
jor: his new novel is better than his last one
su ltima novela es mejor que la ante
rior. 2 (more healthy) mejor: hes feeling
better today hoy se encuentra mejor. l o c
to get better recuperarse, mejorarse.
y better and better cada vez mejor.
P adv 1 (comp of well) mejor. 2 (to a greater
extent) ms: I like this one better me gusta
ms ste. l o c had better + inf ms vale
que + subj: wed better be going ms vale
que nos vayamos. y to like sth/sb better
preferir algo/a algn.
P vt 1 (improve) mejorar: he has bettered
their working conditions ha mejorado sus
condiciones de trabajo. 2 (surpass) supe
rar: he bettered his own record super su
propio rcord.
P n pl betters superiores mpl: you must
listen to your betters debes escuchar a tus
superiores.
betting [betIN] n apuestas fpl. l o c
whats the betting that he (she, it,
etc)? qu apuestas a que ?: whats
the betting that he arrives late? qu apuestas
a que llega tarde? c o m p betting shop gb
administracin f de apuestas hpicas.
between [bItwin] prep entre: choose a
number between one and ten escoge un
nmero entre uno y diez.
 bevel
P adv [tambin in between] de en me
dio: we could see the sea if it wasnt for the
houses (in) between podramos ver el mar
si no fuera por las casas de en medio.
bevel [bevl] n bisel.
beverage [bevrIdZ] n bebida.
bevy [bevI] n (of birds) bandada.
pl bevies.
beware [bIwer] vi tener cuidado (of,
con): beware of the dog! cuidado con el pe
rro!
bewilder [bIwIldr] vt desconcertar,
dejar perplejo,a.
bewitch [bIwItS] vt 1 hechizar, em
brujar. 2 fig hechizar, fascinar.
beyond [bIjnd] prep 1 ms all de:
they live beyond the mountains viven ms
all de las montaas. 2 (outside) fuera
de: its beyond my jurisdiction est fuera
de mi jurisdiccin. l o c its beyond doubt
es indudable, es seguro, no cabe
duda.
P adv ms all, ms lejos.
P n the beyond el ms all.
bias [baIs] n 1 (prejudice) parcialidad f,
prejuicio. 2 (inclination) tendencia,
predisposicin f. 3 (in statistics) mar
gen f de error.
P vt predisponer, influenciar.
pt & pp biased o biassed, ger biasing
o biassing.
biased [baIst] adj parcial.
bib [bIb] n 1 (for baby) babero. 2 (top of
apron, overall) peto.
Bible [baIbl] n Biblia.
bibliography [bIblIgrfI] n bibliogra
fa.
pl bibliographies.
bicarbonate [baIkAbnt] n chem bi
carbonato.
biceps [baIsps] n bceps m.
bicker [bIkr] vi discutir, porfiar.
bicycle [baIsIkl] n bicicleta. l o c to ride
a bicycle montar en bicicleta. c o m p bi
cycle pump bomba de bicicleta.
bid [bId] n 1 (at auction) puja. 2 (attempt)
intento. 3 (offer) oferta.
P vi (at auction) pujar (for, por).
pt & pp bid, ger bidding.
36
bidder [bId r ] n postor,ra, puja
dor,ra, licitador,ra.
bidding [bIdIN] n 1 (at auction) puja,
oferta. 2 (order) orden f.
bide [baId] vt to bide ones time espe
rar el momento oportuno.
pt bided o bode [bUd], pp bided, ger
biding.
bidet [bideI] n bid m.
bifocal [baIfUkl] adj bifocal.
P n pl bifocals lentes fpl bifocales.
bifurcate [baIfkeIt] vi bifurcarse.
big [bIg] adj 1 (size, importance) grande;
(before sing noun) gran. 2 (older) mayor.
comp bigger, superl biggest.
bigamy [bIgmI] n bigamia.
big-head [bIghed] n sabihondo,a,
credo,a.
big-hearted [bIghAtId] adj de buen
corazn, generoso,a.
bigmouth [bIgmaUT] n fanfarrn,
-ona, bocn, -ona.
bigot [bIgt] n fantico,a.
, Bigot no significa bigote, que se tra
duce por moustache.
bigotry [bIgtrI] n fanatismo.
bigwig [bIgwIg] n fam pez m gordo.
bike [baIk] n 1 fam (bicycle) bici f. 2 (mo-
torcycle) moto f.
bikeway [baIkweI] n carril-bici m.
bikini [bIkinI] n biquini m, bikini m.
bilateral [baIlQtrl] adj bilateral.
bile [baIl] n bilis f, hiel f. c o m p bile duct
conducto biliar.
biliary [bIlIrI] adj biliar.
bilingual [baIlINgwl] adj bilinge.
bilirubin [bIlIrUbIn] n bilirrubina.
bill1 [bIl] n 1 factura; (in restaurant) cuen
ta. 2 (law) proyecto de ley. 3 us (bank
note) billete m. 4 (poster) cartel m. c o m p
bill of exchange letra de cambio. y Bill
of Rights declaracin f de derechos.
P vt 1 facturar, pasar la factura. 2 theat
programar.
bill2 [bIl] n 1 (of bird) pico. 2 (headland)
cabo, promontorio.
billboard [bIlbd] n us valla publici
taria.

billfold [bIlfUld] n us billetero, cartera.
billing [bIlIN] n 1 (invoicing) facturacin
f. 2 theat orden de aparicin en cartel.
billion [bIlIn] n 1 mil millones mpl. 2
gb (formerly) billn m.
. En el uso actual, tanto en EEUU como
en Gran Bretaa, un billion equivale a mil
millones. Antiguamente, el billion brit
nico tena el mismo significado que en es
paol, es decir, un milln de millones
billionaire [bIlIner] n multimillo
nario,a.
billow [bIlU] n 1 (of water) ola. 2 (of
smoke) nube f.
P vt 1 (sea) ondear. 2 (sail) hincharse.
billy goat [bIlIgUt] n macho cabro.
bin [bIn] n 1 (for rubbish) cubo de la ba
sura; (for paper) papelera. 2 (large con-
tainer) recipiente m.
binary [baInrI] adj binario,a. c o m p bina
ry fission biparticin f, fisin f binaria.
bind [baInd] n fam fastidio, molestia.
P vt 1 (tie up) atar; (cereals, corn) agavi
llar. 2 culin (sauce) ligar. 3 (book, etc)
encuadernar. 4 (bandage) vendar. 5
(require) obligar.
pt & pp bound [baUnd].
binder [baIndr] n 1 (file) carpeta. 2 (of
books) encuadernador,ra.
binding [baIndIN] n 1 (of book) encua
dernacin f. 2 sew ribete m. 3 (of skis)
fijacin f.
P adj obligatorio,a (on, para).
binge [bIndZ] n (drinking) borrachera;
(eating) atracn m.
P vi atiborrarse, hartarse de comida.
bingo [bINgU] n bingo.
pl bingos.
binnacle [bInkl] n bitcora.
binoculars [bInkjUlz] n pl prismti
cos mpl, gemelos mpl.
biochemistry [baIUkemIstrI] n bio
qumica.
biodegradable [baIUdIgreIdbl] adj
biodegradable.
biography [baIgrfI] n biografa.
pl biographies.
37 bisection
biological [baIldZIkl] adj biol
gico,a.
biologist [baIldZIst] n bilogo,a.
biology [baIldZI] n biologa. B
biomass [baIUmQs] n biomasa.
biomechanics [baIUmIkQnIks] n
biomecnica.
biometry [baImtrI] n biometra.
bionic [baInIk] adj binico,a.
biophysics [baIUfIzIks] n biofsica.
biopsy [baIpsI] n biopsia.
pl biopsies.
biorhythm [baIrIDm] n biorritmo.
biosphere [baIsfIr] n biosfera.
biotope [baItp] n biotopo.
biped [baIped] adj bpedo,a.
P n bpedo.
biplane [baIpleIn] n biplano.
bipolar [baIpUlr] adj bipolar.
birch [btS] n 1 (tree) abedul m. 2 (rod)
vara de abedul.
P vt azotar.
bird [bd] n 1 (large) ave f; (small) pjaro. 2
gb sl (girl) chica. 3 sl (person) tipo. c o m p bird
of prey ave f de rapia, ave f de presa.
birdcage [bdkeIdZ] n jaula de pjaro.
birdie [bdI] n 1 (little bird) pajarito. 2
(in golf) birdie m.
birdseed [bdsid] n bot alpiste m.
birds-eye view [bdzaIvjU] n vista
panormica.
bird-watcher [bdwtS r] n orni
tlogo,a (cuya aficin es observar las aves).
Biro [baIrU] [also written biro] n fam
boli m.
pl Biros.
birth [bT] n 1 nacimiento. 2 med parto.
3 (descent) linaje m. l o c to give birth to 1
(child) dar a luz a. 2 fig dar lugar a. c o m p
birth certificate partida de nacimiento.
y birth control control m de la natalidad.
y birth rate tasa de natalidad.
birthday [bTdeI] n cumpleaos m.
birthmark [bTmAk] n mancha de
nacimiento, antojo.
birthplace [bTpleIs] n lugar m de
nacimiento.
biscuit [bIskIt] n galleta.
bisection [baIsekSn] n biseccin f.
 bisectrix
bisectrix [baIsektrIks] n bisectriz f.
pl bisectrices [baIsektrIsiz].
bisexual [baIseksjUl] adj bisexual.
P n bisexual mf.
bishop [bISp] n 1 obispo. 2 (chess) alfil m.
bison [baIsn] n bisonte m.
bissextile [baIsekstaIl] adj bisiesto,a.
bit1 [bIt] n 1 (small piece) trozo, pedacito.
2 (small amount) poco. 3 fam (time) un po
co, un ratito. l o c a bit fam (rather) algo,
un poco. y a bit of algo de. y quite a bit /
a good bit fam bastante. to come to bits
hacerse pedazos, romperse.
bit2 [bIt] n 1 (of bridle) bocado. 2 (of drill)
broca.
bit3 [bIt] n comput bit m.
bit4 [bIt] pt bite.
bitch [bItS] n 1 (gen) hembra; (of dog)
perra. 2 pej (woman) bruja, lagarta.
P vi fam quejarse. c o m p son of a bitch
taboo hijo de perra, hijo de puta.
bite [baIt] n 1 (act) mordisco. 2 (of insect)
picadura. 3 (of dog, etc) mordedura. 4
(of food) bocado.
P vt 1 morder. 2 (insect, snake) picar.
3 (grip) agarrar.
P vi 1 morder. 2 (insect, snake) picar. 3
(fish) picar.
pt bit, pp bitten [bItn].
biting [baItIN] adj 1 (wind) cortante,
penetrante. 2 (comment) mordaz.
bitten [bItn] pp bite.
bitter [bIt r] adj 1 (gen) amargo,a;
(fruit) cido,a, agrio,a. 2 (weather)
glacial. 3 (person) amargado,a. 4
(fight) enconado,a.
P n cerveza amarga.
bitterly [bItlI] adv 1 con amargura,
amargamente: she complained bitterly
se quej amargamente. 2 (very) muy: its
bitterly cold hace un fro glacial.
bitterness [bItns] n 1 (gen) amargura;
(of fruit) acidez f. 2 (of weather) crudeza. 3
(resentment) rencor m, resentimiento.
bittersweet [bItswit] adj agridulce.
bitumen [bItjUmIn] n betn m.
bivalent [baIveIlnt] adj bivalente.
bivalve [baIvQlv] adj bivalvo,a.
P n bivalvo.
38
bizarre [bIzA r] adj 1 raro,a, extra
o,a.
blab [blQb] vi 1 fam (gossip) cotillear,
chismear. 2 fam (talk constantly) rajar,
parlotear.
pt & pp blabbed, ger blabbing.
black [blQk] adj 1 negro,a. 2 (dirty)
sucio,a. 3 (threatening) amenaza
dor,ra. l o c black and white blanco y
negro. c o m p black economy econo
ma sumergida.
P n 1 (colour) negro. 2 (person) negro,a.
P vt 1 (make black) ennegrecer. 2 (boy-
cott) boicotear.
a to black out vt sep 1 (windows of house)
tapar; (electrical supply) apagar el alum
brado. 2 (cause power cut) dejar sin luz,
causar un apagn.
P vi (faint) desmayarse.
blackberry [blQkbrI] n zarzamora,
mora. c o m p blackberry bush zarza.
pl blackberries.
blackbird [blQkbd] n mirlo.
blackboard [blQkbd] n pizarra.
blackcurrant [blQkkrnt] n grosella
negra.
blacken [blQkn] vt 1 ennegrecer. 2
fig (defame) manchar.
blackhead [blQkhed] n espinilla.
blackjack [blQkdZQk] n (card game)
veintiuna.
blackleg [blQkleg] n esquirol m.
blacklist [blQklIst] n lista negra.
blackmail [blQkmeIl] n chantaje m.
P vt hacer chantaje a, chantajear.
blackmailer [blQkmeIlr] n chantajis
ta mf.
blackout [blQkaUt] n 1 (through electrical
fault) apagn m; (in wartime) oscurecimiento
general de una ciudad. 2 (fainting) prdida
de conocimiento, desmayo.
blacksmith [blQksmIT] n herrero.
c o m p blacksmiths forge herrera.
blackthorn [blQkTn] n bot endrino.
bladder [blQdr] n 1 vejiga. 2 (in tyre,
football) cmara de aire.
blade [bleId] n 1 (of sword, knife, etc) ho
ja. 2 (of ice skate) cuchilla. 3 (of propeller,
fan, oar, hoe) pala. 4 (of grass) brizna.

blame [bleIm] n culpa.
P vt culpar, echar la culpa a.
blanch [blAntS] vt culin escaldar.
P vi palidecer.
bland [blQnd] adj soso,a.
, Bland no significa blando, que se
traduce por soft.
blank [blQNk] adj 1 (page, etc) en blan
co. 2 (look, etc) vaco,a. 3 (cassette, tape)
virgen. c o m p blank cheque cheque m
en blanco.
P n 1 (on paper) espacio en blanco. 2
(bullet) bala de fogueo.
blanket [blQNkIt] n 1 manta, am fra
zada. 2 (layer) capa, manto: a blanket
of snow una capa de nieve.
blare [bler] n 1 (loud noise) estruendo,
fragor m. 2 (of trumpet) trompetazo.
P vi resonar, sonar.
a to blare out vi sonar muy fuerte.
blaspheme [blQsfim] vi blasfemar
(against, contra).
blasphemy [blQsfmI] n blasfemia.
pl blasphemies.
blast [blAst] n 1 (of wind) rfaga. 2 (of
water, air, etc) chorro. 3 (of horn) toque m.
4 (of trumpet) trompetazo. 5 (explosion)
explosin f, voladura. 6 (shock wave)
onda expansiva. 7 (reprimand) bronca.
P vt 1 (explode) volar, hacer volar. 2
(criticize) criticar. 3 (reprimand) echar
una bronca. 4 (ruin, spoil) echar a per
der, dar al traste con. 5 (shoot) pegar
un tiro a. 6 (shrivel, wither) marchitar.
blasted [blAstId] adj maldito,a, di
choso,a.
blast-off [blAstf] n (of rocket, missile)
despegue m.
blatant [bleItnt] adj descarado,a.
blaze [bleIz] n 1 (fire) incendio. 2 (flame)
llamarada. 3 (of light) resplandor m. 4
(outburst) arranque m, acceso.
P vi 1 (fire) arder. 2 (sun) brillar con
fuerza. 3 (light) resplandecer.
blazer [bleIzr] n americana de sport,
blazer m.
bleach [blitS] n leja.
P vt blanquear.
bleachers [blitSz] n pl us gradas fpl.
39 blinkers
bleak [blik] adj 1 (countryside) deso
lado,a. 2 (weather) desapacible. 3 (fu-
ture) poco prometedor,ra. 4 (welcome,
reception) fro,a. B
bleary [blIrI] adj 1 (from tears) nublo
so,a. 2 (from tiredness) legaoso,a.
comp blearier, superl bleariest.
bleat [blit] n balido.
P vi balar.
bled [bled] pt & pp bleed.
bleed [blid] vi med sangrar.
pt & pp bled [bled].
bleep [blip] n pitido.
vi pitar.
P
P vt localizar con un busca.
bleeper [blipr] n busca m, buscaper
sonas m.
blemish [blemIS] n 1 desperfecto, im
perfeccin f.
P vt 1 (spoil) estropear, desmejorar. 2
fig (reputation) manchar, tiznar. l o c
without a blemish fig intachable.
blench [blenS] vi 1 (recoil) retroceder. 2
(flinch) pestaear, inmutarse.
blend [blend] n mezcla, combinacin f.
P vt 1 (mix) mezclar, combinar. 2
(match) matizar, armonizar.
blender [blend r] n culin batidora,
minipmer m.
bless [bles] vt bendecir. l o c bless you!
(on sneezing) Jess!
blessed [blesId] adj 1 (holy) bendito,a,
santo,a. 2 (content, happy) bienaven
turado,a.
blessing [blesIN] n bendicin f.
blew [blU] pt blow.
blight [blaIt] n 1 (mildew) tizn m. 2 (ca-
lamity) plaga.
blind [blaInd] adj ciego,a.
P n (on window) persiana.
P vt 1 cegar, dejar ciego,a. 2 (dazzle)
deslumbrar.
blindfold [blaIndfUld] n venda.
P vt vendar los ojos a.
P adv con los ojos vendados.
blink [blINk] n 1 parpadeo. 2 (gleam,
glimmer) destello. l o c on the blink fam
averiado,a.
blinkers [blINkz] n pl anteojeras fpl.
bliss
bliss [blIs] n felicidad f, dicha.
blister [blIstr] n 1 (on skin) ampolla. 2
(on paint, surface) burbuja.
blizzard [blIzd] n tempestad f de nie
ve, ventisca.
bloated [blUtId] adj hinchado,a.
blob [blb] n 1 (drop) gota. 2 (smudge)
borrn m. 3 (of colour) mancha.
bloc [blk] n pol bloque m.
block [blk] n 1 bloque m. 2 (of wood,
stone) taco. 3 (group of buildings) manza
na. 6 (obstruction) obstruccin f. c o m p
block letters maysculas fpl. y block of
flats bloque m de departamentos. y
note block taco, bloc m de notas.
P vt 1 (pipe, etc) obstruir, atascar. 2
(streets, etc) bloquear.
blockade [blkeId] n mil bloqueo.
P vt bloquear.
blockage [blkIdZ] n obstruccin f,
atasco.
blockbuster [blkbstr] n 1 fig (novel)
best seller m, xito de ventas. 2 fig
(film) pelcula de accin.
bloke [blUk] n gb fam tipo, to.
blond [blnd] [suele escribirse blonde cu-
ando se refiere a una mujer] adj rubio,a.
P n rubio,a.
blonde [blnd] adj-n blond.
blood [bld] n sangre f. 2 (ancestry) pa
rentesco, alcurnia. c o m p blood pres
sure tensin f arterial. y blood vessel
vaso sanguneo.
bloodhound [bldhaUnd] n sabueso.
bloodshed [bldSed] n derramamien
to de sangre.
bloodstream [bldstrim] n corriente
f sangunea.
bloodthirsty [bldTstI] adj sangui
nario,a, vido,a de sangre.
comp bloodthirstier , superl blood-
thirstiest.
bloody [bldI] adj 1 (battle) sangrien
to,a. 2 sl (damned) puetero,a, mier
da de.
comp bloodier, superl bloodiest.
bloody-minded [bldImaIndId] adj 1
(stubborn) tozudo,a, terco,a. 2 (bad-
tempered) de malas pulgas.
40
bloom [blUm] n 1 (flower) flor f. 2 (on
fruit) pelusa.
P vi florecer.
bloomer [blUmr] n gb fam metedura
de pata, pifia.
blossom [blsm] n flor f.
P vi florecer.
a to blossom out vi alcanzar su ple
nitud.
. Blossom se refiere a las flores de los
rboles; para el resto de flores, se emplea
la palabra flower.
blot [blt] n (of ink) borrn m; (on reputa-
tion) mancha.
P vt 1 (stain) manchar. 2 (dry) secar.
a to blot out vt sep 1 (hide) ocultar. 2
(memory) borrar.
pt & pp blotted, ger blotting.
blotch [bltS] n mancha.
P vi 1 (become stained) mancharse. 2
(skin) salir manchas.
blotting-paper [bltINpeIpr] n papel
m secante.
blouse [blaUz] n blusa.
blow1 [blU] n golpe m.
blow2 [blU] vi 1 (wind) soplar. 2 (instru-
ment) tocar, sonar; (whistle) pitar. 3
(fuse) fundirse. 4 (tyre) reventarse.
P vt fam (money) despilfarrar, malgastar.
a to blow away vt sep 1 arrastrar. 2
fam fig mandar al otro barrio.
a to blow in vt sep derribar.
a to blow off vi (lid, hat) salir volando.
a to blow out vt sep 1 (flame) apagar;
(candle) soplar. 2 (cheeks) hinchar.
a to blow over vt sep derribar.
P vi 1 derrumbarse. 2 (storm) amainar.
a to blow up vt sep 1 (explode) (hacer)
volar: they blew up the building hicieron
volar el edificio. 2 (inflate) hinchar. 3
(photograph) ampliar.
P vi 1 (explode) explotar. 2 (lose ones tem-
per) salirse de sus casillas.
pt blew [blU], pp blown [blUn].
blowhole [blUhUl] n 1 (of whale) orifi
cio nasal. 2 (hole, air vent) respiradero.
blowlamp [blUlQmp] n soplete m.
blown [blUn] pp blow.

blowout [blUaUt] n 1 auto reventn m,
pinchazo. 2 sl comilona, atracn m.
blowtorch [blUttS] n soplete m.
blow-up [blUp] n (photograph) amplia
cin f.
blue [blU] adj 1 azul. 2 (sad) triste. 3
(depressed) deprimido,a. 4 (obscene)
verde: a blue joke un chiste verde.
P n azul m.
P n pl blues mus blues m.
P n pl the blues la depresin f.
bluebell [blUbel] n bot campanilla.
blueberry [blUbrI] n bot arndano.
pl blueberries.
blue-collar [blUklr] adj obrero,a.
blueprint [blUprInt] n fig anteproyecto.
blues [blUz] n pl blue.
blunder [blndr] n metedura de pata.
P vi meter la pata.
blunt [blnt] adj 1 (knife) desafilado,a;
(pencil) despuntado,a. 2 fig (person)
que no tiene pelos en la lengua.
P vt desafilar, embotar; (pencil) des
puntar. c o m p blunt angle math ngulo
obtuso.
blur [blr] n borrn m, mancha.
blurb [blb] n fam pej informacin f
publicitaria.
blurred [bld] adj 1 borroso,a. 2 fig
(memories) vago,a, confuso,a.
blurt [blt] l o c to blurt sth out soltar
algo bruscamente, espetar algo.
blush [blS] n rubor m, sonrojo.
P vi ruborizarse, sonrojarse.
blusher [blSr] n colorete m.
blustery [blstrI] adj (windy) vento
so,a.
boa [bU] n zool boa.
boar [br] n zool verraco.
board [bd] n 1 (piece of wood) tabla, table
ro. 2 (food) comida, pensin f. 3 (commit-
tee) junta, consejo. 4 (company) compa
a: the gas board la compaa del gas. l o c
on board mar a bordo. y to take on
board 1 (responsibility) asumir. 2 (concept,
idea) abarcar. c o m p board and lodging
pensin completa. y board of directors
junta directiva. y board of trade us c
mara de comercio.
41 body-blow
P vt (ship, etc) subirse a, embarcar en.
P vi (lodge) alojarse; (at school) ser inter
no,a.
boarder [bdr] n 1 (gen) husped mf. B
2 (at school) interno,a.
boarding [bdIN] n 1 (ship, plane, etc)
embarque m. 2 (lodging) pensin f, alo
jamiento. c o m p boarding card tarjeta
de embarque. y boarding house casa
de huspedes. y boarding school inter
nado.
boast [bUst] n jactancia.
P vi jactarse ( about , de), presumir
(about, de).
P vt fig presumir de.
boat [bUt] n barco, nave f; (small) bote
m , barca; (large) buque m , navo;
(launch) lancha.
boatswain [bUsn] n contramaestre m.
boatyard [bUtjAd] n astillero.
bob1 [bb] n 1 (jerking movement) sacudi
da; (bouncing movement) rebote m . 2
(curtsy) reverencia.
P vi 1 (jerk) moverse a sacudidas;
(bounce) rebotar. 2 (curtsy) hacer una re
verencia.
bobbin [bbIn] n (for textiles, wire, etc) ca
rrete m, bobina; (for lace) bolillo, palillo.
bobby [bbI] n gb fam poli m.
pl bobbies.
" Este trmino, aunque hoy poco utiliza
do, se usa para referirse a los agentes de
polica del Reino Unido. El nombre provie
ne del fundador del cuerpo, sir Robert Peel,
ya que Bobby es el diminutivo de Robert.
bobsleigh [bbsleI] n bobsleigh m.
bode [bUd] pt bide.
P vt (foretell) presagiar, augurar. l o c to
bode ill/well ser de buen/mal agero.
bodice [bdIs] n corpio.
body [bdI] n 1 cuerpo. 2 (corpse) cad
ver m. 3 (organization) organismo, enti
dad f, ente m; (association) agrupacin f.
4 (of wine) cuerpo. 5 (of people) grupo,
conjunto. 6 auto (of car) carrocera. 7
av fuselaje m.
pl bodies.
body-blow [bdIblU] n revs m.
 body-building
body-building [bdIbIldIN] n sp cultu
rismo.
bodyguard [bdIgAd] n guardaes
paldas m.
bodywork [bdIwk] n carrocera.
bog [bg] n 1 pantano, cenagal m. 2 sl
(toilet) medromo.
a to bog down vt sep atascar.
bogey [bUgI] n (golf) bogey m.
bogus [bUgs] adj 1 (fake) falso,a,
apcrifo,a. 2 (fictitious) ficticio,a. 3
(sham) simulado,a, fingido,a.
boil1 [bIl] n med furnculo, fornculo.
boil2 [bIl] vt (liquid) hervir; (food) hervir,
cocer; (egg) pasar por agua, cocer.
P vi 1 (liquid) hervir; (food) hervir, co
cerse. 2 fig (undulate, seethe) bullir.
a to boil down to vt insep fig reducirse a.
boiler [bIlr] n 1 caldera. 2 (fowl) galli
na (que solo sirve para el caldo).
boiling [bIlIn] adj hirviendo, hir
viente. c o m p boiling point punto de
ebullicin.
boisterous [bIstrs] adj 1 (noisy, row-
dy) bullicioso,a, alborotador,ra. 2
(weather) borrascoso,a; (sea) agita
do,a.
bold [bUld] adj 1 (brave) valiente. 2
(daring) audaz, atrevido,a. 3 (cheeky)
descarado,a, fresco,a. 4 (vivid)
vivo,a. 5 (print) en negrita.
Bolivia [blIvI] n Bolivia.
Bolivian [blIvIn] adj boliviano,a.
P n boliviano,a.
bolster [bUlstr] n 1 (pillow) cabezal
m, travesao. 2 tech soporte m.
P vt reforzar.
bolt [bUlt] n 1 (on door, etc) cerrojo;
(small) pestillo. 2 (screw) perno, torni
llo. 3 (lightning) rayo.
P vt 1 (lock) cerrar con cerrojo, cerrar
con pestillo. 2 (screw) sujetar con per
nos, sujetar con tornillos. 3 fam (food)
engullir.
P vi (person) escaparse; (horse) desbo
carse.
bolus [bUls] n bolo alimenticio.
bomb [bm] n 1 bomba. 2 us (failure)
fracaso.
42
P vt mil bombardear; (terrorist) colocar
una bomba en.
P vi us fam (fail) fracasar.
bombard [bmbAd] vt bombardear.
bombardment [bmbAdmnt] n
bombardeo.
bombastic [bmbQstIk] adj rimbom
bante, ampuloso,a.
bomber [bmr] n 1 mil bombardero.
2 (terrorist) terrorista mf que coloca
bombas.
, Bomber no significa bombero, que
se traduce por fireman.
bombing [bmIN] n 1 mil bombardeo.
2 (terrorist act) atentado con bomba.
bombshell [bmSel] n 1 fig bomba. 2
mil (artillery bomb) obs m. 3 fam (attrac-
tive woman) mujer f explosiva.
bona fide [bUnfaIdI] adj genuino,a,
autntico,a.
bond [bnd] n 1 (link) lazo, vnculo:
bonds of friendship vnculos de amistad. 2
fin bono, obligacin f. 3 jur fianza. 4
(agreement) pacto, compromiso.
P vt 1 (stick, join) pegar, unir. 2 (deposit in
customs) depositar.
P vi (stick, join) pegarse, unirse.
bondage [bndIdZ] n esclavitud f,
servidumbre f.
bone [bUn] n 1 hueso. 2 (of fish) espi
na, raspa; (of whale) barba. 3 (of corset)
ballena.
P vt (meat) deshuesar; (fish) quitar la
espina.
P n pl bones (remains) huesos mpl, res
tos mpl mortales. c o m p bone marrow
mdula sea.
a to bone up on vt insep empollar.
bonfire [bnfaIr] n hoguera. c o m p Bon
fire night gb la noche del cinco de noviembre; se
celebra con hogueras y fuegos artificiales.
" Es la noche del 5 de noviembre que se
celebra en Inglaterra con hogueras y fuegos
artificiales. Conmemora el intento fallido
en el ao 1605, de Guy Fawkes y otros cons
piradores, de volar el edificio del parlamen
to. Tambin se llama Guy Fawkes Night.
bonkers [bNkz] adj gb sl chalado,a.

bonnet [bnIt] n 1 (childs, womans) go
rro, gorra. 2 (maids) cofia. 3 auto cap m.
bonus [bUns] n 1 (gratuity) plus m, so
bresueldo, prima. 2 (benefit) beneficio.
pl bonuses.
bony [bUnI] adj 1 (thin) esqueltico,a.
2 (with a lot of bone) huesudo,a. 3 (like
bone) seo,a. 4 (meat) lleno,a de hue
sos; (fish) lleno,a de espinas.
comp bonier, superl boniest.
bonze [bnz] n bonzo.
boo [bU] n abucheo.
Pvi abuchear.
boob1 [bUb] n (mistake) metedura de
pata.
P vi meter la pata.
boob2 [bUb] n fam (breast) teta.
booby [bUbI] n alcatraz m.
pl boobies.
booby-trap [bUbItrQp] n trampa ex
plosiva.
book [bUk] n 1 libro. 2 (of tickets) taco;
(of matches) cajetilla.
P vt 1 (table, room, holiday) reservar; (en-
tertainer, speaker) contratar. 2 (police)
multar; (football) advertir, amonestar.
P n pl books comm libros mpl, cuentas
fpl. l o c to be booked up 1 (hotel, restau-
rant) estar completo. c o m p savings book
libreta de ahorro.
a to book in vt sep (in hotel) hacer la re
serva.
P vi registrarse.
bookcase [bUkkeIs] n librera, estan
tera.
booking [bUkIN] n (table, room, holiday)
reserva; (entertainer, speaker) contrata
cin f. c o m p booking office taquilla.
bookkeeping [bUkkipIN] n contabili
dad f, tenedura de libros.
bookmaker [bUkmeIkr] n gb corre
dor,ra de apuestas.
bookmark [bUkmAk] n (for book) pun
to de libro; (electronic) marcador.
P vt (electronically) agregar un marcador.
bookseller [bUkselr] n librero,a.
bookshelf [bUkSelf] n estante m.
P n pl bookshelves estantera.
pl bookshelves.
43 bop
bookshop [bUkSp] n librera.
bookstand [bUkstQnd] n 1 (stall) quios
co de peridicos. 2 (bookrest) atril m.
bookstore [bUkstr] n us librera. B
bookworm [bUkwm] n fig ratn m
de biblioteca.
boom1 [bUm] n (noise) estampido.
P vi tronar, retumbar.
P interj bum!
boom2 [bUm] n 1 mar botaln m. 2 (of
microphone) jirafa. 3 (of crane) brazo. 4
(barrier) barrera.
boom3 [bUm] n fig (prosperity, increase)
boom m, auge m.
boomerang [bUmrQN] n 1 bumern
m. 2 fig resultado contraproducente.
boost [bUst] n 1 (incentive) incentivo,
estmulo. 2 (promotion) promocin f,
fomento. 3 (increase) aumento.
P vt 1 (create an incentive) incentivar, es
timular. 2 (promote) promocionar, fo
mentar. 3 (increase) aumentar.
booster [bUstr] n 1 elec elevador m
de voltaje. 2 rad repetidor m. 3 tech
motor m auxiliar de propulsin. c o m p
booster injection med revacunacin f.
boot [bUt] n 1 (footwear) bota. 2 gb (of
car) maletero, portaequipajes m. 3
(kick) patada.
P vt 1 (kick) dar una patada a. 2 comput
cargar el sistema operativo.
a to boot out vt sep echar, echar a pa
tadas.
bootblack [bUtblQk] n us limpiabo
tas m, am lustrabotas m.
booth [bUD] n 1 cabina. 2 (at fair) pues
to. c o m p telephone booth locutorio.
bootleg [bUtleg] n (illegal recording) gra
bacin f pirata.
bootlegger [bUtlegr] n contraban
dista mf de licores.
booty [bUtI] n botn m.
pl booties.
booze [bUz] n fam trinque m, alcohol m.
P vi fam mamar.
bop [bp] n 1 fam (dance) baile m. 2 fam
(thump) cachete m.
P vi fam (dance) bailar.
pt & pp bopped, ger bopping.
 border
border [bd ] n 1 (of country) frontera.
r P pron ambos,as, los dos, las dos:
2 (edge) borde m. 3 (in sewing) ribete m,
orla. 4 (of flowers, plants) arriate m.
a to border on vt insep 1 lindar con. 2
fig rayar en.
bore1 [br] pt bear.
bore2 [br] n 1 (of gun) nima, alma;
(calibre) calibre m. 2 (hole) taladro.
P vt & vi perforar, taladrar.
bore 3 [b r ] n (person) pelmazo,a,
pesado,a; (thing) lata, rollo, tostn m.
P vt aburrir, fastidiar.
bored [bd] adj aburrido,a. l o c to
get bored aburrirse.
boredom [bdm] n aburrimiento.
borer [brr] n 1 (tool) taladro, barre
na. 2 (machine) taladradora.
boric [brIk] adj chem brico,a. c o m p
boric acid cido brico.
boring [brIN] adj aburrido,a.
born [bn] adj nato,a: shes a born leader
es una lder nata. l o c to be born nacer.
borne [bn] pp bear2.
borough [br] n 1 (district) barrio, dis
trito. 2 (town, city) ciudad f.
borrow [brU] vt pedir prestado,a,
tomar prestado,a: can I borrow your
pen? me dejas tu boli?; you can borrow it
if you like te lo presto si quieres.
Bosnia [bznI] n Bosnia.
Bosnian [bznIn] adj bosnio,a.
P n bosnio,a.
bosom [bUzm] n 1 pecho. 2 (centre) se
no: in the bosom of the family en el seno de
la familia. c o m p bosom friend amigo,a
del alma.
boss [bs] n jefe,a.
a to boss around vt sep mangonear.
bosun [bUsn] n mar contramaestre m.
botanic [btQnIk] adj botnico,a.
botanical [btQnIkl] adj botnico,a.
c o m p botanical gardens jardn m bot
nico.
botany [btnI] n botnica.
botch [btS] n chapuza.
P vt [also to botch up.] (bungle) pifiarla,
fastidiarla.
both [bUT] adj ambos,as, los dos,
las dos.
44
both of us nosotros,as dos; both of you
vosotros,as dos; both of them los dos,
las dos, ambos,as. l o c both and tan
to como: both she and her sister are
teachers tanto ella como su hermana son
profesoras.
P adv a la vez: its both cheap and good es
bueno y barato a la vez.
bother [bDr] n 1 (nuisance) molestia,
fastidio. 2 (problems) problemas mpl.
P vt 1 (be a nuisance) molestar, fasti
diar. 2 (worry) preocupar.
P vi 1 (take trouble) molestarse, tomar
la molestia. 2 (worry) preocuparse.
Botswana [btswAn] n Botsuana.
Botswanan [btswAnn] adj botsua
ns,esa, botsuano,a.
P n botsuans,esa, bostuano,a.
bottle [btl] n 1 botella; (small) fras
co; (for baby) bibern m; (for gas) bom
bona. 2 sl (nerve) agallas fpl.
P vt (wine, etc) embotellar; (fruit) envasar.
bottle-bank [btlbQnk] n contene
dor m de vidrio.
bottled [ b t l d ] adj (wine, etc)
embotellado,a; (fruit) envasado,a.
c o m p bottled gas gas m butano.
bottom [btm] n 1 (gen) fondo; (of bot-
tle) culo; (of hill, steps, page) pie m; (of
ship) quilla. 2 (of dress) bajo; (of trousers)
bajos mpl. 3 (buttocks) trasero, culo. 4
(last) ltimo,a. 5 (underneath) parte f
inferior, parte f de abajo.
P adj 1 (position) de abajo. 2 (number, re-
sult) ms bajo,a.
bottomless [btmls] adj sin fondo,
insondable.
boudoir [bUdwAr] n tocador m.
bough [baU] n rama.
bought [bt] pt & pp buy.
bouillon [bUjn] n culin caldo.
boulder [bUldr] n canto rodado.
boulevard [bUlvAd] n bulevar m.
bounce [baUns] n bote m.
P vi (ball) rebotar, botar.
P vt 1 (cheque) ser rechazado por el
banco. 2 (ball) hacer botar.
bouncer [baUnsr] n sl gorila m.

bound 1
[baUnd] pt & pp bind.
P adj 1 (tied) atado,a. 2 (forced)
obligado,a. 3 (book) encuadernado,a.
l o c to be bound to ser seguro que.
bound2 [baUnd] adj (destined) destina
do,a: he knew he was bound to succeed sa
ba que estaba destinado a tener xito.
l o c to be bound for ir con destino, na
vegar con rumbo a. y -bound con
rumbo a: Paris-bound con rumbo a Pars.
bound3 [baUnd] n (jump) salto, brinco.
P vi saltar.
boundary [baUndrI] n lmite m, fronte
ra. c o m p boundary stone hito, mojn m.
pl boundaries.
boundless [baUndls] adj sin lmites.
bounds [baUndz] n pl (border) frontera;
(boundary) lmites mpl.
bouquet [bUkeI] n 1 (flowers) ramo. 2
(wine) aroma m, buqu m.
bourgeois [ b U Z w A r ] adj bur
gus,esa.
P n burgus,esa.
bourgeoisie [bUZwAzi] n burguesa.
bout [baUt] n 1 (period) rato. 2 med (of
flu, measles, etc) ataque m . 3 (boxing)
combate.
boutique [bUtik] n boutique f, tienda.
bovine [bUvaIn] adj bovino,a.
P n bovino.
bow1 [bU] n 1 (for arrows) arco. 2 (of vio-
lin) arco. 3 (knot) lazo. c o m p bow saw
sierra de arco.
bow2 [baU] n mar proa.
bow3 [baU] n (with body) reverencia.
P vt inclinar: he bowed his head inclin la
cabeza.
bowel [baUl] n intestino.
P n pl bowels (entrails) entraas fpl.
bowl [bUl] n 1 (for food, etc) cuenco,
fuente f, bol m; (large drinking bowl) ta
zn m. 2 (for washing) palangana, ba
rreo. 3 (of toilet) taza.
bow-legged [bUlegd, bUlegId] adj
patizambo,a.
bowler [bUlr] n (hat) bombn m.
1
bowler2 [bUlr] n (cricket) lanzador,ra.
bowling [bUlIN] n bolos mpl. c o m p
bowling alley bolera.
45 brain
bow-tie [bUtaI] n pajarita.
box1 [bks] n 1 caja; (large) cajn m. 2 (of
matches) cajetilla. 3 theat palco. 4 (for
sentry) garita. 5 (of coach) pescante m. 6 B
gb fam (telly) tele f. c o m p box number n
mero de apartado de correos. y box
office taquilla. y post-office box aparta
do de correos.
box2 [bks] vi boxear.
boxcar [bkskAr] n us furgn m.
boxer [bks r] n 1 boxeador,ra. 2
(dog) bxer m.
boxing [bksIN] n boxeo. c o m p Boxing
Day gb el da 26 de diciembre.
" El 26 de diciembre es festivo en Gran
Bretaa. Las tiendas inician las rebajas, se
disputan partidos de ftbol y se celebran
carreras de caballos.
boy [bI] n (baby) nio; (child) chico,
muchacho; (youth) joven m.
boycott [bIkt] n boicoteo, boicot m.
P vt boicotear.
boyfriend [bIfrend] n 1 (fianc) novio.
2 (male friend) amigo.
boyhood [bIhUd] n infancia, niez f.
P adj de la infancia.
bra [brA] n sostn m, sujetador m.
brace [breIs] n 1 (clamp) abrazadera. 2
arch (support) riostra. 3 (drill) berbiqu
m. 4 (on teeth) aparato.
P n pl braces tirantes mpl.
bracelet [breIslt] n pulsera, brazale
te m.
bracken [brQkn] n bot helechos mpl.
bracket [brQkIt] n 1 (round) parntesis
m. 2 (for shelf) escuadra, soporte m. 3
(group, category) grupo, categora m.
c o m p square bracket corchete m.
brag [brQg] n jactancia, fanfarria.
P vi jactarse (about, de).
pt & pp bragged, ger bragging.
braggart [brQgt] n fanfarrn,ona.
braid [breId] n 1 (on clothing) galn m. 2
(plait) trenza.
Braille [breIl] n braille m.
brain [breIn] n (organ) cerebro, seso.
P n pl brains 1 (intellect) cerebro, seso,
inteligencia. 2 (as food) sesos mpl. l o c to
 brain-dead
have brains ser un cerebro, ser inteli
gente. l o c brain death muerte f cere
bral. y brain drain fuga de cerebros. y
brain scan electroencefalograma m.
brain-dead [breInded] adj clnica
mente muerto,a.
brainstorming [breInstmIN] n reu
nin f creativa, lluvia de ideas.
brainy [breInI] adj fam inteligente,
sesudo,a.
comp brainier, superl brainiest.
braise [breIz] vt culin frer y luego co
cer a fuego lento.
brake [breIk] n freno. comp brake arm
palanca del freno. y brake block pas
tilla de freno. y brake fluid lquido de
freno.
P vt frenar, hacer frenar.
bramble [brQmbl] n bot zarzamora,
mora. c o m p bramble bush zarza.
bran [brQn] n salvado.
branch [brAntS] n 1 (tree) rama. 2 (of
family) ramo. 3 (road, railway) ramal m;
(stream, river) brazo. 4 (of shop) sucursal
f; (of bank) oficina, sucursal f. 5 (field of
science, etc) ramo. 6 (of candelabra) brazo.
P vi (road) bifurcarse.
brand [brQnd] n 1 marca. 2 (type) clase f,
tipo.
brand-new [brQnnjU] adj flamante,
de estreno.
brandy [brQndI] n brandy m.
pl brandies.
brass [brAs] n 1 latn m. 2 sl (money)
pasta. 3 mus metales mpl.
P adj de cobre.
brassiere [brQzI r] n sujetador m ,
sostn m.
brat [brQt] n fam pej mocoso,a.
brave [breIv] adj valiente.
P n guerrero indio.
P vt 1 (defy) desafiar. 2 (confront) afron
tar, hacer frente a.
bravo [brAvU] interj bravo!
brawl [brl] n reyerta, pelea.
P vi pelearse.
bray [breI] vi 1 (donkey, ass) rebuznar. 2
(laugh) carcajearse.
Brazil [brzIl] n Brasil.
46
Brazilian [brzIlIn] adj brasileo,a.
P n brasileo,a.
breach [britS] n 1 (opening) brecha,
abertura. 2 (in promise, undertaking) in
cumplimiento; (in law) violacin f,
infraccin f. 3 (in relationship) ruptura.
bread [bred] n pan m. c o m p wholemeal
bread pan m integral.
bread-and-butter [brednbtr] adj
(commonplace) rutinario,a, corriente y
moliente.
breadth [bredT] n 1 (broadness) ancho, an
chura. 2 (space) extensin f, amplitud f.
break [breIk] n 1 (in leg, etc) rotura. 2 (in
relationship) ruptura. 3 (in meeting) des
canso, pausa; (at school) recreo. l o c to
take a break tomarse un descanso. y
without a break sin descansar, sin
parar. y at break of day al amanecer.
P vt 1 romper. 2 (record) batir.
P vi 1 romperse. 2 (storm) estallar.
a to break away vi (escape) escaparse,
darse a la fuga; (leave family, job) irse.
a to break down vt sep 1 (door) derribar,
echar abajo. 2 (resistance) vencer.
P vi 1 (car) averiarse; (driver) tener una
avera. 2 (burst into tears) romper a llo
rar. 3 (talks, negotiations) fracasar.
a to break in vi (force entry) entrar por
la fuerza.
a to break off vt sep 1 (relationship) romper.
2 (discussions, negotiations) interrumpir.
a to break out vi 1 (prisoners) escapar
se. 2 (war, fire, etc) estallar.
a to break up vt sep (chair, table, etc) rom
per; (ship, boat) desguazar.
P vi 1 (couple) separarse. 2 (gathering,
meeting) disolverse. 3 (school) empezar
las vacaciones.
pt broke [brUk], pp broken [brUkn].
breakable [breIkbl] adj frgil, rom
pible.
breakage [breIkIdZ] n rotura.
breakdown [breIkdaUn] n 1 (of car, ma-
chine) avera. 2 med crisis f nerviosa. 3
(in negotiations) ruptura. 4 (chemical analysis)
anlisis m. c o m p breakdown service (ser
vicio de) asistencia en carretera. y
breakdown van / breakdown truck gra.

breakfast [brekfst] n desayuno. loc
to have breakfast desayunar.
P vi desayunar.
break-in [breIkIn] n entrada forzada.
breaking [breIkIN] n 1 (of leg, object) ro
tura. 2 (of relationship) ruptura.
break-out [breIkaUt] n (from prison) fuga.
breakthrough [breIkTrU] n avance m
importante.
break-up [breIkp] n (of relationship, nego-
tiations) ruptura; (of couple) separacin f.
breakwater [breIkwtr] n rompeo
las m.
bream [brim] n (river fish) brema. comp
gilt-head bream dorada. y red bream
besugo.
breast [brest] n 1 (chest) pecho; (of woman)
pecho, seno. 2 (of chicken, etc) pechuga.
breastbone [brestbUn] n anat ester
nn m.
breast-feed [brestfid] vt amamantar,
dar el pecho a.
pt & pp breast-fed [brestfed].
breaststroke [breststrUk] n (swim-
ming) braza.
breath [breT] n 1 (of person) aliento. 2 (of
air) soplo. 3 (breathing) resuello, respira
cin f. l o c out of breath sin aliento.
c o m p breath test gb prueba del alcohol.
Breathalyser [breTlaIzr] n alcoho
lmetro.
breathe [briD] vt (air, etc) respirar.
P vi 1 (air, etc) respirar. 2 (be alive) respi
rar, vivir: is he still breathing? respira
an? l o c to breathe in aspirar. y to
breathe out espirar.
breathing [briDIN] n respiracin f.
bred [bred] pt & pp breed.
breeches [brItSIz] n pl 1 (knee-length trou-
sers) calzones mpl. 2 fam (trousers) pan
talones mpl.
breed [brid] n (of animal) raza; (of plant)
variedad f.
P vt (animals) criar.
P vi (animals) reproducirse.
pt & pp bred [bred].
breeze [briz] n meteor brisa.
brew [brU] n 1 (tea, etc) infusin f. 2
(potion) brebaje m.
47 bright
P vt 1 (beer) elaborar. 2 (tea, etc) preparar.
P vi 1 (tea, etc) reposar. 2 (storm) prepa
rarse, acercarse.
brewer [brUr] n fabricante mf de cer B
veza, cervecero,a. c o m p brewers
yeast levadura de cerveza.
brewery [brUrI] n fbrica de cerve
za, cervecera.
pl breweries.
briar [braIr] n bot (heather) brezo.
bribe [braIb] n soborno.
P vt sobornar.
bribery [braIbrI] n soborno.
bric-a-brac [brIkbrQk] n baratijas fpl.
brick [brIk] n 1 ladrillo. 2 (toy) cubo (de
madera).
bricklayer [brIkleIr] n albail m.
bridal [braIdl] adj nupcial. c o m p bridal
gown vestido de novia.
bride [braId] n novia, desposada.
c o m p the bride and groom los novios.
bridegroom [braIdgrUm] n novio.
. Bridegroom o groom slo se em
plean para referirse al novio durante el da
de la boda.
bridesmaid [braIdzmeId] n dama de
honor.
bridge [brIdZ] n 1 puente m. 2 (of nose)
caballete m.
bridle [braIdl] n brida.
P vt (horse) embridar.
P vi mostrar desagrado (at, por).
brief [brif] adj (short) breve; (concise)
conciso,a; (scanty) diminuto,a.
P n 1 (report) informe m . 2 jur expe
diente m. 3 mil instrucciones fpl.
P vt 1 (inform) informar (about, sobre).
2 (instruct) dar instrucciones a.
briefcase [brifkeIs] n maletn m, car
tera.
briefing [brifIN] n reunin f informa
tiva, briefing m.
brigade [brIgeId] n mil brigada.
P vt mil formar una brigada con.
bright [braIt] adj 1 (gen) brillante. 2
meteor (sky, day) claro,a, despejado,a;
(sunny) soleado,a, de sol. 3 (colour)
vivo,a. 4 (cheerful) alegre, animado,a.
 brightness
a to brighten up vt sep 1 meteor despe
jar. 2 (room, house) dar un aspecto ms
alegre a. 3 (enliven) alegrar, animar.
brightness [braItns] n 1 (light) lumi
nosidad f. 2 (of sun) resplandor m. 3 (of
day) claridad f. 4 (of colour) viveza. 5
(cleverness) inteligencia.
brilliant [brIljnt] adj 1 (gen) brillante.
2 (colour) vivo,a. 3 fam estupendo,a,
fantstico,a.
brim [brIm] n 1 (of cup, glass, etc) borde
m. 2 (of hat) ala.
P vi rebosar ( with , de): he was brim-
ming with pride rebosaba de orgullo.
brine [braIn] n salmuera.
bring [brIN] vt 1 traer. 2 (lead) llevar,
conducir.
a to bring about vt sep (accident, change,
etc) provocar, causar.
a to bring back vt sep 1 (book, record, etc)
devolver. 2 (past experience, childhood,
etc) recordar, hacer recordar.
a to bring down vt sep 1 (chair, book, etc)
bajar. 2 (door, house, government) derri
bar. 3 (prices, temperature) hacer bajar.
a to bring forward vt sep 1 (meeting, ap-
pointment) adelantar. 2 (theme, question)
presentar, plantear.
a to bring in vt sep 1 (person) hacer pa
sar. 2 (coal, food, etc into house) traer. 3 jur
(verdict) emitir, pronunciar.
a to bring off vt sep (victory, result) conse
guir, lograr.
a to bring on vt sep (illness) provocar.
a to bring out vt sep (record) sacar al
mercado, sacar; (book) publicar.
a to bring to vt sep hacer volver en s.
a to bring up vt sep 1 (chair, book, etc) su
bir. 2 (child) criar, educar. 3 (subject,
topic) plantear. 4 (vomit) devolver.
pt & pp brought [brt].
brink [brINk] n borde m.
brisk [brIsk] adj enrgico,a.
bristle [brIsl] n cerda.
P vi 1 (hair) erizarse, ponerse de pun
ta. 2 (show annoyance) mosquearse.
Britain [brItn] n Gran Bretaa. c o m p
Great Britain Gran Bretaa.
British [brItIS] adj britnico,a.
P n pl the British los britnicos mpl.
48
Briton [brItn] n britnico,a.
brittle [brItl] adj quebradizo,a, frgil.
broach [brUtS] n 1 (drill bit) broca. 2
(roasting-spit) espetn m.
broad [brd] adj 1 (street, avenue) an
cho,a; (surface, water, plateau) exten
so,a. 2 fig (field of study, debate) am
plio,a. 3 (measurement) de ancho. 4
(general) general. 5 (main) principal. 6 (ac-
cent) marcado,a, cerrado,a. 7 (vowel)
abierto,a.
broadcast [brdkAst] n (by TV, radio)
emisin f.
P vt 1 (by TV, radio) emitir, transmitir.
2 (make known) difundir.
pt & pp broadcast.
broadcasting [brdkAstIN] n 1 rad
radiodifusin f. 2 tv transmisin f.
broaden [brdn] vt ensanchar.
broadly [brdlI] adv en trminos ge
nerales.
broad-minded [brdmaIndId] adj li
beral, tolerante.
broccoli [brklI] n brcol m, brcoli m.
brochette [brSet] n brocheta.
brochure [brUSr] n folleto.
broil [brIl] vt us asar a la parrilla.
broiler [brIlr] n 1 culin pollo. 2 (gridi-
ron) parrilla.
broke [brUk] pt break.
P adj fam sin un duro, sin blanca.
broken [brUkn] pp break.
P adj 1 (plate, window, etc) roto,a. 2 (ma-
chine) estropeado,a. 3 (bone) frac
turado,a. 4 (person) destrozado,a. 6
(language) chapurreado,a: he speaks
broken Spanish chapurrea el espaol.
broker [brUkr] n comm corredor,ra,
agente mf de Bolsa.
brolly [brlI] n gb fam paraguas m.
pl brollies.
bromine [brUmaIn] n chem bromo.
bronchial [brNkIl] adj anat bron
quial. c o m p bronchial tubes anat bron
quios mpl.
bronchitis [brNkaIts] n med bron
quitis f.
bronchus [brNks] n bronquio.
pl bronchi [broNkaI].

brontosaurus [brntsrs] n bronto
saurio.
bronze [brnz] n bronce m. c o m p the
Bronze Age hist la Edad del Bronce.
P vi (get a suntan) broncearse.
brooch [brUtS] n broche m.
brood [brUd] n 1 (birds) nidada. 2 fam
fig (children) prole f.
P vi 1 (hen) empollar. 2 fig (worry) apu
rarse, preocuparse.
brook [brUk] n arroyo, riachuelo.
broom [brUm] n 1 (for sweeping) esco
ba. 2 bot hiniesta.
broomstick [brUmstIk] n 1 (handle)
palo de escoba. 2 (of witch) escoba.
Bros [brs] abbr (Brothers) Hermanos mpl;
(abbreviation) Hnos: Jones Bros Hnos Jones.
broth [brT] n culin caldo.
brothel [brTl] n burdel m.
brother [brDr] n 1 (gen) hermano. 2
us fam (friend) colega m, to: whats hap-
pening brother? qu pasa to?
brotherhood [brDhUd] n herman
dad f, cofrada.
brother-in-law [brDrInl] n cuado.
pl brothers-in-law [brDrInl].
brought [brt] pt & pp bring.
brow [braU] n 1 (eyebrow) ceja. 2 (fore-
head) frente f. 3 (of hill) cresta.
browbeat [braUbit] vt intimidar.
pt browbeat , pp browbeaten
[braUbitn].
brown [braUn] adj 1 marrn. 2 (hair, etc)
castao,a. 3 (skin) moreno,a.
P vi culin dorarse.
brownie [braUnI] n us pastelito de chocolate
y nueces.
browse [braUz] vi 1 (grass) pacer. 2 (per-
son in shop) mirar.
a to browse through vt insep (book, mag-
azine) hojear.
browser [braUzr] n (Internet) navega
dor m, explorador m.
bruise [brUz] n morado, magulladu
ra, contusin f.
P vt magullar, contusionar.
P vi magullarse.
bruiser [brUzr] n fam gorila m, ma
tn m.
49 Buddhism
brunch [brnS] n brunch m.
. El brunch es una especie de copioso de
sayuno que se toma a ltima hora de la ma B
ana y hace asimismo las veces de almuerzo.
brunette [brUnet] n morena.
P adj moreno,a.
brush [brS] n 1 (for teeth, clothes, etc) ce
pillo. 2 (artists) pincel m; (house painters)
brocha. 3 (unpleasant encounter) roce m:
he had a brush with the police tuvo un roce
con la polica.
P vt 1 (gen) cepillar. 2 (touch lightly) rozar.
a to brush away vt sep (dirt, dust) quitar,
limpiar.
a to brush up vt sep (knowledge) refres
car, repasar.
brush-off [brSf] n (rebuff, snub) desai
re m.
brushwood [brSwUd] n 1 (twigs) bro
za. 2 (undergrowth) maleza.
brusque [brsk] adj brusco,a.
Brussels [brslz] n Bruselas. c o m p
Brussels sprouts coles fpl de Bruselas.
brutal [brUtl] adj brutal, cruel.
brute [brUt] n bruto,a, bestia mf.
P adj brutal, bruto,a.
, Brute no se utiliza en el sentido de
(importe) bruto, que se traduce por gross.
bubble [bbl] n (in liquid) burbuja; (of
soap) pompa.
bubonic [bjUbnIk] adj med bub
nico,a. c o m p bubonic plague peste f
bubnica.
buck1 [bk] n (rabbit, hare) macho; (deer)
ciervo; (goat) macho cabro.
P adj (animal) macho.
buck2 [bk] n us fam dlar m.
bucket [bkIt] n cubo.
buckle [bkl] n (on shoe, belt) hebilla.
P vt (belt) abrochar.
P vi 1 (metal, object) torcerse, combar
se. 2 (knees) doblarse.
bucolic [bjUklIk] adj buclico,a.
bud1 [bd] n (on tree, plant) brote m, ye
ma; (of flower) botn m, capullo.
bud2 [bd] n us fam colega mf.
Buddhism [bUdIzm] n rel budismo.
 budding
budding [bdIN] adj en ciernes.
buddy [bdI] n us fam amigote m, co
lega mf.
pl buddies.
budge [bdZ] vt 1 (move) mover. 2 (make
change opinion) hacer cambiar de opinin.
budgerigar [bdZrIgAr] n zool peri
quito.
budget [bdZIt] n presupuesto.
P adj (good-value) bien de precio.
P vt to budget for presupuestar.
budgie [bdZI] n zool fam periquito.
buff [bf] n 1 (leather) piel f de ante. 2
(colour) color m de ante. 3 (enthusiast)
aficionado,a.
buffalo [bflU] n zool bfalo.
pl buffalo o buffaloes.
buffer [bfr] n 1 (for train) tope m. 2
comput memoria intermedia. 3 chem
regulador m.
buffet [bfeI] n 1 (bar) bar m; (at station)
bar m, cantina. 2 (meal) buf m libre,
buf m. 3 (sideboard) aparador m.
bug [bg] n 1 (insect) bicho. 2 fam (mi-
crobe) microbio. 3 (microphone) micr
fono oculto. 4 fam (interest) aficin f. 5
(in computer program) error m.
P vt 1 fam ocultar micrfonos en. 2
us (annoy) molestar, fastidiar: whats
bugging her? qu mosca le ha picado?
pt & pp bugged, ger bugging.
bugle [bjUgl] n mus corneta.
build [bIld] n (physique) constitucin f,
complexin f: a strong build una com
plexin fuerte.
P vt construir.
pt & pp built [bilt].
builder [bIldr] n 1 (owner of company)
constructor,ra. 2 (bricklayer) albail m.
building [bIldIN] n 1 edificio. 2 (action)
construccin f, edificacin f. c o m p
building society sociedad f hipoteca
ria. y the building industry / the build
ing trade la construccin.
build-up [bIldp] n 1 (increase) aumento:
a build-up in pollution un aumento de la
contaminacin. 2 (of gas) acumulacin f.
built [bIlt] pt & pp build.
50
built-in [bIltIn] adj 1 (as component)
incorporado,a. 2 (recessed) empo
trado,a.
built-up [bIltp] adj urbanizado,a.
bulb [blb] n 1 bot bulbo. 2 elec bom
billa.
Bulgaria [blgerI] n Bulgaria.
Bulgarian [blgerIn] adj blgaro,-a.
P n blgaro.
bulge [bldZ] n bulto.
bulimia [bjUlimI] n bulimia.
bulk [blk] n 1 (mass) masa, bulto;
(amount, quantity) volumen m, cantidad
f. 2 (greater part) mayor parte f.
bulk-buying [blkbaIIN] n compra en
grandes cantidades.
bull1 [bUl] n 1 toro. 2 (elephant, whale, etc)
macho. 3 fin alcista mf.
P adj 1 (elephant, whale, etc) macho. 2 fin
alcista, en alza.
bull2 [bUl] n rel (papal) bula.
bulldog [bUldg] n bulldog m.
bulldozer [bUldUzr] n bulldozer m.
bullet [bUlIt] n bala.
bulletin [bUlItIn] n 1 (publication) bole
tn m. 2 (medical, etc) parte m.
bulletproof [bUlItprUf] adj antibalas.
c o m p bulletproof vest chaleco antibalas.
bullfight [bUlfaIt] n corrida de toros.
bullfighter [bUlfaItr] n torero,a.
bullfighting [bUlfaItIN] n los toros mpl;
(art) tauromaquia.
bullion [bUljn] n (gold) oro en lingo
tes; (silver) plata en lingotes.
bullock [bUlk] n buey m.
bullring [bUlrIN] n plaza de toros.
bulls-eye [bUlzaI] n 1 (target) diana. 2 (score)
acierto. 3 mar (porthole) portilla. l o c to
score a bulls-eye dar en el blanco.
bullshit [bUlSIt] n taboo (nonsense) cho
rradas fpl.
bully [bUlI] n matn,ona.
pl bullies.
bum1 [bm] n gb fam (bottom) culo.
bum2 [bm] n 1 us fam (tramp) vagabun
do,a. 2 us fam (idler) vago,a, holga
zn,ana.
P vt fam (scrounge) gorrear, sablear.
 51
bumblebee [bmblbi] n zool abejorro.
bummer [bmr] n fam lata, latazo.
bump [bmp] n 1 (blow) golpe m, bata
cazo. 2 (on head) chichn m; (swelling)
hinchazn m; (lump) bulto. 4 (dent)
abolladura. 5 (on road) bache m.
P vt 1 darse un golpe en: he bumped his
head se dio un golpe en la cabeza. 2 dar
un golpe a.
P vi 1 chocar (into, con), topar (into,
contra). 2 (collide) chocar, colisionar.
a to bump into vt insep fam encontrar
por casualidad, tropezar con.
a to bump off vt sep sl liquidar.
bumper [bmpr] n parachoques m.
P adj abundante.
bumpy [bmpI] adj 1 (surface) desigual,
accidentado,a. 2 (road) lleno,a de
baches.
comp bumpier, superl bumpiest.
bun [bn] n 1 (bread) panecillo; (sweet) bo
llo. 2 (cake) ma(g)dalena. 3 (hair) moo.
bunch [bntS] n 1 manojo. 2 (flowers)
ramo. 3 (fruit) racimo. 4 fam (group of
people) grupo; (gang) pandilla.
bundle [bndl] n 1 (clothes) fardo, bul
to. 2 (wood) haz m. 3 (papers, banknotes)
fajo. 4 (keys) manojo. burnt-out [bntaUt] adj 1 (building, car)
bung [bN] n (stopper) tapn m.
bungalow [bNglU] n bungalow m.
bungle [bngl] vt chapucear.
bungler [bNglr] n chapucero,a.
bunion [bnjn] n med juanete m.
bunk [bNk] n (bed) litera.
bunk-bed [bNkbed] n litera.
pl bunk-beds.
bunker [bNkr] n 1 mil bnker m. 2
(golf) bnker m.
bunny [bnI] n fam conejito.
pl bunnies.
buoy [bI] n boya, baliza.
buoyant [bInt] adj 1 flotante. 2
(cheerful) animado,a. 3 (optimistic) opti
mista.
burden [bdn] n carga.
P vt cargar.
bureau [bjUrU] n 1 (desk) escritorio.
2 us (office) oficina. 3 us (agency) agen
bus
cia. 4 us (chest of drawers) cmoda. 5 us
departamento del estado.
pl bureaus o bureaux [bjUrU].
bureaucracy [bjUrkrsI] n burocracia. B
pl bureaucracies.
burger [bgr] n hamburguesa.
burglar [bglr] n ladrn,ona.
burglary [bglrI] n (gen) robo.
pl burglaries.
burgle [bgl] vt robar.
burial [berIl] n entierro. c o m p burial
ground cementerio.
burn1 [bn] n quemadura.
P vt quemar.
P vi 1 arder.
a to burn down vt sep incendiar.
a to burn out vi 1 (fire) extinguirse. 2
(fuse, bulb) fundirse.
pt & pp burnt [bnt] o burned.
burn2 [bn] n (stream) arroyo.
burner [bnr] n quemador m.
burning [bnIN] adj 1 (on fire) en llamas,
ardiendo. 2 (sun) abrasador,ra, de
justicia; (heat) achicharrante. 3 (desire,
need) ardiente. c o m p burning issue /
burning question cuestin f candente.
burnt [bnt] pt & pp burn.
carb onizado,a. 2 fig (person) que
mado,a, caduco,a.
burp [bp] n fam eructo.
P vi fam eructar.
burrow [brU] n madriguera.
bursary [bsrI] n (scholarship) beca.
pl bursaries.
burst [bst] n 1 (of balloon, pipe) reven
tn m; (of tyre) pinchazo, reventn m.
2 (explosion) estallido, explosin f. 3
(of applause) salva. 4 (of gunfire) rfaga.
P vi (balloon, pipe) reventarse; (tyre) pin
charse, reventarse.
pt & pp burst.
bury [berI] vt enterrar.
pt & pp buried, ger burying.
bus [bs] n 1 autobs m , bus m . 2
comput bus m. c o m p bus conductor co
brador. y bus conductress cobradora. y
bus lane carril m de autobuses. y bus
route lnea de autobs. y bus shelter
 bush
parada de autobs cubierta. y bus sta
tion estacin f de autobuses. y bus
stop parada de autobs.
pl buses (us busses).
bush [bUS] n 1 (plant) arbusto. 2 (land)
brea.
Pn pl bushes matorral m, maleza.
Bushman [bUSmn] n & adj bosquima
no,a.
pl Bushmen [bUSmen].
bushy [bUSI] adj espeso,a, tupido,a.
comp bushier, superl bushiest.
business [bIzns] n 1 (commerce) nego
cios mpl: the business world el mundo de
los negocios. 2 (firm) negocio, empresa:
hes got a small business on the coast tiene un
pequeo negocio en la costa. 3 (affair)
asunto, tema m: Ive got business to discuss
with the manager tengo asuntos que tratar
con el director. l o c its my (your, etc)
business to me (te, etc) incumbe . y
to go out of business quebrar. y to run a
business llevar un negocio. y to set up a
business montar un negocio. y mind
your own business! no te metas donde
no te llaman! y l o c business card tarje
ta de presentacin, tarjeta comercial.
y business trip viaje m de negocios.
businesslike [bIznslaIk] adj formal,
serio,a.
businessman [bIznsmn] n hombre
m de negocios, empresario.
pl businessmen [bIznsmen].
businesswoman [bIznswUmn] n
mujer m de negocios, empresaria.
pl businesswomen [bIznswImIn].
busker [bskr] n gb msico calleje
ro,a.
bust1 [bst] n busto.
bust2 [bst] adj fam roto,a. l o c to go
bust fam quebrar.
P vt fam romper.
P vi romperse.
pt & pp bust [bst] o busted.
bustard [bstd] n avutarda.
bustle [bsl] n bullicio, ajetreo.
busy [bIzI] adj 1 (person) ocupado,a,
atareado,a. 2 (street, place) concu
rrido,a. 3 (day) ajetreado,a. 4 us (tel-
ephone) comunicando: the line was busy
52
estaba comunicando. l o c to get busy 1
fam (work) ponerse a trabajar. 2 (hurry)
darse prisa.
comp busier, superl busiest.
busybody [bIzIbdI] n entremet i
do,a, fisgn,ona.
pl busybodies.
but [bt] conj 1 pero: its cold, but dry hace
fro, pero no llueve; Id like to, but I cant me
gustara, pero no puedo. 2 (after negative)
sino: not two, but three no dos, sino tres. 3
(after negative with verb) sino que: she told
him not to wait, but to go home le dijo que no
se esperara, sino que se fuera para casa.
l o c but for de no ser por, si no fuera
por: but for him, we would have failed de
no ser por l, habramos fracasado.
P adv (nada) ms que, no sino, so
lamente, solo,: he spoke nothing but the
truth no dijo nada ms que la verdad.
P prep excepto, salvo, menos: every-
one but me todos menos yo; I can meet
you any day but Friday te puedo ver cual
quier da excepto el viernes.
P n pero: there are no buts about it no hay
pero que valga.
butane [bjUteIn] n chem butano. c o m p
butane bottle bombona (de butano).
y butane gas gas m butano.
butcher [bUtSr] n carnicero,a.
butchers [bUtSz] n carnicera.
butchery [bUtSrI] n carnicera.
butt1 [bt] n (with head) cabezazo.
butt2 [bt] n 1 (of rifle) culata. 2 (of ciga-
rette) colilla. 3 us fam (bottom) culo.
butt3 [bt] n (target) blanco.
butt4 [bt] n 1 (barrel) tonel m. 2 (for wa-
ter) aljibe m.
butter [btr] n mantequilla.
P vt untar con mantequilla. c o m p but
ter dish mantequera. y
a to butter up vt sep fam dar coba a.
buttercup [btkp] n bot botn m de
oro, rannculo.
butterfingers [btfINgz] n mana
zas mf, torpe mf.
butterfly [btflaI] n 1 mariposa. 2 sp
(swimming) mariposa.
pl butterflies.

buttock [btk] n 1 (of person) nalga. 2
(of animal) anca.
P n pl buttocks (bottom) trasero, nalgas fpl.
button [btn] n 1 (on clothing, machine)
botn m; (on doorbell) pulsador m, bo
tn m: press the button pulse el botn. 2
bot (bud) botn m, yema.
P vi abrocharse.
P vt to button (up) abrochar, abro
charse: button (up) your coat abrchate el
abrigo.
buttonhole [btnhUl] n ojal m.
buttress [btrs] n arch contrafuerte m.
butty [btI] n fam bocadillo m, snd
wich m.
pl butties.
buy [baI] n compra.
P vt 1 comprar: theyve just bought a new
car acaban de comprar un auto nuevo. 2
(bribe) sobornar. 3 fam (accept, believe)
tragrselo: hes so gullible he bought it es
tan ingenuo que se lo trag.
pt & pp bought [bt].
buyer [baIr] n comprador,ra.
buying power [baIINpaUr] n poder m
adquisitivo.
buzz [bz] n 1 zumbido. 2 (of voices)
murmullo. 3 fam telefonazo, pincha
zo m: give me a buzz dame un pinchazo.
P vi zumbar.
buzzard [bzd] n guila f ratonera,
buitre m.
buzzer [bzr] n timbre m.
buzzing [bzIN] n zumbido.
buzz-saw [bzs] n sierra circular.
buzz-word [bzwd] n palabra pega
diza, palabra que est de moda.
by [baI] prep 1 (agent) por: painted by Con-
stable pintado por Constable. 2 (means)
por: by air/sea por avin/mar; by car/
train en coche/tren; by hand a mano; by
heart de memoria. 3 (showing difference)
por: I won by 3 points gan por tres pun
tos; better by far muchsimo mejor. 4 (not
later than) para: I need it by ten lo necesito
para las diez. 5 (during) de: by day/night
de da/noche. 6 (near) junto a, al lado
de: sit by me sintate a mi lado. 7 (accord-
ing to) segn: by the rules segn las re
glas. 8 (measurements) por: 6 metres by 4 6
53 Byzantium
metros por 4. 9 (rate) por: paid by the
hour pagado por horas. 10 math por: 12
divided by 3 12 dividido por 3. 11 (progres-
sion) a: day by day da a da; little by little B
poco a poco. 12 (in sets) en: two by two
de dos en dos. 13 (introducing gerund) :
you can find out by reading the papers te
enterars leyendo los peridicos. l o c to
go by pasar delante. y by os solo,a.
P adv al lado, delante. l o c to go by
pasar delante.
bye [baI] interj fam adis!, hasta lue
go!, chao!
bye-bye [baIbaI] interj fam adis!,
hasta luego!, chao! l o c to say bye-
bye fam decir adis. y to go to bye-
byes ir a dormir, ir a la cama.
Byelorussia [bjelUrS] n Belarus.
bygone [baIgn] adj pasado,a: a by-
gone age tiempos pasados.
P n (object) antigualla. l o c in bygone
times antiguamente. y let bygones be
bygones lo pasado, pasado est.
bylaw [baIl] n ley f municipal.
bypass [baIpAs] n 1 auto variante f. 2
tech tubo de desviacin. 3 med by-
pass m.
P vt 1 (traffic, road) desviar. 2 (avoid) es
quivar, evitar.
by-product [baIprdkt] n 1 subpro
ducto, derivado. 2 fig consecuencia.
byre [baIr] n establo.
by-road [baIrUd] n carretera secun
daria.
bystander [baIstQnd r] n espect a
dor,ra, curioso,a.
byte [baIt] n comput byte m.
by-way [baIweI] n 1 (road) carretera
secundaria. 2 (remote path) camino
poco frecuentado.
byword [baIwd] n 1 arquetipo, ma
yor mf exponente. 2 (proverb) refrn m,
proverbio. l o c to be a byword in ser
sinnimo de: their products are a byword
in luxury sus productos son sinnimo de
lujo.
Byzantine [bIzQntaIn] n bizanti
no,a.
P adj bizantino,a.
Byzantium [bIzQntIm] n Bizancio.
 C
54
C, c [si] n 1 (the letter) C, c f. 2 mus do.
c. [sentSrI] abbr (circa) hacia; (abbreviation)
h.: Ramses III c. (800 BC) Ramss III (h. 800
a. d. C.).
cab [kQb] n 1 (taxi) taxi m. 2 (in vehicle)
cabina. c o m p cab driver taxista mf. y
cab rank parada de taxis.
cabaret [kQbreI] n cabaret m.
cabbage [kQbIdZ] n col f, repollo,
berza.
cabin [kQbIn] n 1 (wooden house) caba
a. 2 (on ship) camarote m. 3 (on plane)
cabina. c o m p cabin crew personal m
de cabina.
, Cabin no significa cabina (telefni
ca), que se traduce por phone box.
cabinet [kQbInt] n 1 (furniture - gen)
armario; (glass fronted) vitrina. 2 pol
gabinete m (ministerial), consejo de
ministros. c o m p cabinet meeting con
sejo de ministros.
cable [keIbl] n 1 (rope, wire) cable m. 2
(telegram) cable m, telegrama m. c o m p
cable television televisin por cable.
cacao [kkAU] n bot cacao.
cache [kQS] n 1 (store) alijo. 2 (computer
memory) cach m. c o m p cache memory
memoria cach.
cackle [kQkl] n 1 (of hen) cacareo. 2 (of
person) risotada, carcajada.
P vi 1 (of hen) cacarear. 2 (of person) rer
se a carcajadas.
cacophony [kkfnI] n cacofona.
cactus [kQkts] n cactus m.
pl cacti [kQktaI] o cactuses.
caddie [kQdI] n (in golf) cadi m. c o m p
caddie car / caddie cart carrito de golf.
cadence [keIdns] n cadencia.
cadet [kdet] n cadete m.
cadge [kQdZ] vt fam gorronear.
P vi fam gorronear (from/off, a).
cadger [kQdZr] n fam gorrn,-ona.
cadmium [kQdmIm] n cadmio.
caecum [sikm] n anat intestino ciego.
pl caeca [sik].
Caesarean [sIzerIn] [also Caesarean
section] n cesrea.
caesium [sizIm] n cesio.
caf [kQfeI] n cafetera, caf m.
cafeteria [kQftIrI] n (in factory, col-
lege, etc) cafetera, cantina; (restaurant)
autoservicio, self-service m.
caffeine [kQfin] n cafena.
cage [keIdZ] n (gen) jaula.
P vt enjaular.
cagey [keIdZI] adj fam reservado,-a,
cauteloso,-a, precavido,-a.
comp cagier, superl cagiest.
cagoule [kgUl] n chubasquero.
cajole [kdZUl] vt engatusar.
cake [keIk] n 1 culin pastel m, tarta,
torta. 2 (of soap) pastilla.
calamity [klQmItI] n calamidad f.
pl calamities.
calcite [kQlsaIt] n calcita.
calcium [kQlsIm] n calcio.
calculate [kQlkjleIt] vt & vi calcular.
calculation [kQlkjleISn] n clculo.
calculator [kQlkjleItr] n calculadora.
calculus [kQlkjls] n 1 math clculo
matemtico. 2 [pl calculi [kQlkjlaI]]
med clculo.
calendar [kQlIndr] n calendario.
calf1 [kAf] n zool (of cattle) ternero,-a,
becerro,-a; (of whale) ballenato; (of oth-
er animals) cra.
pl calves.

calf 2
[kAf] n anat pantorrilla.
pl calves.
caliber [kQlIbr] n us come.
calibre [kQlIbr] n calibre m.
caliph [keIlIf, kQlIf] n califa f.
call [kl] n 1 (shout, cry) grito, llamada.
2 (by telephone) llamada (telefnica). 4
(demand) demanda; (need) motivo. l o c
to be on call estar de guardia. y to give
sb a call llamar a algn. c o m p call box gb
cabina telefnica.
P vt 1 (shout) llamar. 2 (by telephone) lla
mar. 3 (summon - meeting, strike, election)
convocar; (announce - flight) anunciar.
P vi 1 (shout) llamar. 2 (by phone) lla
mar. 3 (visit) pasar, hacer una visita: I
called round at Martins this afternoon he
pasado por casa de Martin esta tarde. 4
(train) parar (at, en). l o c to call for sth/
sb pasar a recoger algo/a algn.
a to call back vi (by phone) volver a lla
mar; (visit) volver a pasar.
a to call on vt insep visitar, ir a ver a.
a to call out vt sep (summon - fire brigade)
llamar; (doctor) hacer venir; (workers)
llamar a la huelga.
caller [klr] n 1 (visitor) visita, visitante
mf. 2 (by telephone) persona que llama.
calligraphy [klIgrfI] n caligrafa.
calling [klIN] n (vocation) vocacin f,
llamada; (profession) profesin f. c o m p
calling card us tarjeta de visita.
callous [kQls] adj duro,-a, insensible.
, Callous no significa callos, que se
traduce por tripe.
callus [kQls] n callo.
pl calluses.
calm [kAm] adj 1 (sea, weather) en cal
ma, tranquilo,-a. 2 (person) tranquilo,
-a, calmado,a: keep calm! tranquilo!
P n 1 (of sea, weather) calma. 2 (peace
and quiet) tranquilidad f.
P vt calmar, tranquilizar, sosegar.
a to calm down vt tranquilizar, calmar.
P vi tranquilizarse, calmarse.
Calor Gas [kQlgQs] n (gas m) butano.
caloric [klrIk] adj calrico,-a.
calorie [kQlrI] n calora.
calvary [kQlvrI] n calvario.
55 can
calves [kAvz] npl calf.
calyx [keIlIks, kQlIks] n cliz m.
pl calices o calixes.
Cambodia [kQmbUdI] n Camboya.
Cambodian [ k Q m b U d I n ] adj
camboyano,-a. C
P n 1 (person) camboyano,-a. 2 (lan-
guage) camboyano.
camcorder [kQmkdr] n videoc
mara.
came [keIm] pt come.
camel [kQml] n zool camello,-a.
camellia [kmilI] n bot camelia.
camera [kQmr] n cmara.
cameraman [kQmrmn] n cmara mf.
Cameroon [kQmrUn] n Camern m.
Cameroonian [kQmrUnIn] adj & n
cameruns,-esa.
camomile [kQmmaIl] n bot manza
nilla, camomila.
camouflage [kQmflAZ] n camuflaje m.
camp [kQmp] n 1 (gen) campamento.
2 (group, faction) bando.
P vi acampar.
campaign [kQmpeIn] n campaa.
P vi hacer una campaa (for, en fa
vor de).
camper [kQmpr] n 1 (person) campis
ta mf. 2 (vehicle) caravana.
campfire [kQmpfaIr] n fogata, ho
guera.
camping [kQmpIN] n camping m. loc
No camping Prohibido acampar. y
to go camping ir de camping. c o m p
camping site camping m, campamento.
campus [kQmps] n campus m.
pl campuses.
can1 [kQn] n 1 (tin - for food, drinks) lata, bo
te m. 2 (container - for oil, petrol, etc) bidn m.
can2 [kQn] aux 1 (gen) poder: can you
come tomorrow? puedes venir maana?. 2
(know how to) saber: he can speak Chinese
sabe hablar chino; can you swim? sabes
nadar?. 3 (be allowed to) poder, estar
permitido,-a: you cant smoke here no se
puede fumar aqu; you can go now ya te
puedes ir. 4 (with verbs of perception or mental
activity): she couldnt see anything no vea
nada; I can smell burning huele a quemado.
pt & cond could [kUd].
 Canada
Canada [kQnd] n Canad.
Canadian [kQndIn] adj canadiense.
P n (person) canadiense mf.
canal [knQl] n canal m.
canap [kQnpeI] n canap m.
canary [knerI] n canario.
pl canaries.
cancel [kQnsl] vt 1 (gen) cancelar. 2
(stamp) matasellar. 3 (delete) tachar.
6 math eliminar.
pt & pp cancelled (us canceled), ger
cancelling (us canceling).
cancellation [kQnsleISn] n 1 (gen) can
celacin f. 2 (of stamp) matasellos m.
cancer [kQnsr] n med cncer m.
P n Cancer (constellation, sign) Cncer m.
cancerous [kQnsrs] adj canceroso,-a.
candid [ k Q n d I d ] adj franco,-a,
sincero,-a. c o m p candid camera cma
ra indiscreta.
, Candid no significa cndido, que se
traduce por ingenuous.
candidacy [kQndIdsI] n candidatura.
pl candidacies.
candidate [kQndIdt] n candidato,-a.
candidature [kQndIdtSr] n candi
datura.
candle [kQndl] n (gen) vela; (in church)
cirio.
candlestick [kQndlstIk] n (gen) can
delero, palmatoria.
candy [kQndI] n us (sweets) caramelos
mpl, golosinas fpl; (a sweet) caramelo.
pl candies.
candyfloss [kQndIfls] n gb algodn
m de azcar.
cane [keIn] n 1 bot caa. 2 (stick) bas
tn m. 3 (furniture) mimbre m.
canine [keInaIn] adj zool canino,-a.
c o m p canine tooth (diente m) canino,
colmillo.
canister [kQnIstr] n (for tea, coffee, etc)
bote m, lata.
canned [kQnd] adj enlatado,-a. comp
canned food conservas fpl.
cannelloni [kQnlUnI] n pl canelones
mpl, canalones mpl.
cannibal [kQnIbl] n canbal mf.
56
canning [kQnIN] n enlatado. c o m p can
ning factory fbrica de conservas. y
canning industry industria conservera.
cannon [kQnn] n 1 mil can m. 2 (in
billiards) carambola.
pl cannon o cannons.
cannonball [kQnnbl] n bala de ca
n.
cannot [kQnt] aux = can not.
canoe [knU] n canoa, piragua.
canonization [kQnnaIzeISn] n cano
nizacin.
can-opener [kQnUpnr] n abrelatas m.
cant [kAnt] aux = can not.
canteen [kQntin] n 1 (restaurant) canti
na, comedor m. 2 (set of cutlery) juego
de cubiertos. 3 (flask) cantimplora.
cantilever [kQntIlivr] n arch voladi
zo. c o m p cantilever bridge puente m
voladizo.
canton [kQntn] n cantn m.
canvas [kQnvs] n 1 (cloth) lona. 2 art
lienzo.
canvass [kQnvs] vi pol hacer propa
ganda electoral (for, a favor de), ha
cer campaa (for, a favor de).
canyon [kQnjn] n geog can m.
canyoning [kQnjnIN] n barranquismo.
cap [kQp] n 1 (type of hat) gorra. 2 (cover
- of pen) capuchn m; (- of bottle) tapn
m, chapa. 3 geog casquete m.
capability [keIpbIlItI] n capacidad f
(to, para/de).
pl capabilities.
capable [keIpbl] adj 1 (able) capaz (of,
de): hes capable of breaking the world record
es capaz de batir el rcord mundial. 2 (com-
petent) competente, capaz: a very capable
person una persona muy competente.
capacity [kpQsItI] n capacidad f.
pl capacities.
cape1 [keIp] n (garment) capa.
cape2 [keIp] n cabo. c o m p Cape Verde
Cabo Verde.
caper1 [keIpr] n alcaparra.
caper2 [keIpr] n 1 (jump) brinco. 2 fam
(prank) travesura, broma.
capillary [kpIlrI] n capilar m.
pl capillaries.

capital [kQpIt l] n 1 (of country, etc) capi
tal f. 2 fin capital m: starting capital ca
pital inicial. 3 (letter) mayscula: write it
in capitals escrbelo con maysculas.
P adj 1 (gen) capital. 2 (letter) mayscu
la: capital A A mayscula. c o m p capital
goods bienes mpl de equipo.
capitalism [kQpItlIzm] n capitalismo.
capitol [kQpItl] n capitolio.
capitulation [kpItjleISn] n capitu
lacin f.
Capricorn [kQprIkn] n (constellation,
sign) Capricornio.
capsicum [kQpsIkm] n pimiento.
capsize [kQpsaIz] vi zozobrar.
P vt hacer zozobrar.
capsule [kQpsjUl] n cpsula.
captain [kQptIn] n capitn,-ana.
caption [kQpSn] n 1 (under picture) leyen
da, pie m de foto. 2 cinem subttulo.
captivate [kQptIveIt] vt cautivar, fas
cinar.
captivating [ k Q p t I v e I t I N ] adj
encantador,-ra, cautivador,-ra.
captive [kQptIv] adj & n cautivo,-a.
captivity [kQptIvItI] n cautiverio,
cautividad f.
capture [kQptSr] n (seizure - of person)
captura, apresamiento; (of town) to
ma, conquista.
P vt 1 (seize - person) capturar, apresar;
(- town) tomar. 2 fig (attract) captar.
car [kAr] n 1 auto automvil m, auto
m. 2 us (railway carriage) vagn m, co
che m. l o c to go by car ir en auto.
caramel [kQrmel] n 1 culin (burnt sugar)
azcar m quemado. 2 (toffee) caramelo.
carapace [kQrpeIs] n caparazn m.
carat [kQrt] n quilate m.
caravan [kQrvQn] n caravana.
caravel [kQrvel] n carabela.
carbohydrate [kAbUhaIdreIt] n hi
drato de carbono, carbohidrato.
carbon [kAbn] n chem carbono. c o m p
carbon dioxide dixido de carbono. y
carbon monoxide monxido de car
bono. y carbon paper papel m carbn.
, Carbon no significa carbn, que se
traduce por coal.
57 carefree
carbonated [kAb neItId] adj (fizzy)
gaseoso,-a, con gas.
Carboniferous [kAbnIfrs] adj geol
carbonfero,-a. c o m p the Carbonifer
ous period el carbonfero.
carburettor [kAbretr] n carburador m. C
carcass [kAks] n res f muerta.
carcinogenic [kAsIndZenIk] adj med
cancergeno,-a, carcingeno,-a.
card [kAd] n 1 (gen) tarjeta. 2 (greetings
card) tarjeta de felicitacin, felicita
cin f. 3 (of membership, identity) carnet
m, carn m. 4 (stiff paper) cartulina. 5
carta, naipe m.
cardboard [kAdbd] n cartn m.
cardiac [kAdIQk] adj cardaco,-a.
c o m p cardiac arrest paro cardaco. y
cardiac sphincter cardias.
cardigan [kAdIgn] n rebeca.
cardinal [kAdInl] adj (most important)
capital, fundamental, principal.
P n rel cardenal m. c o m p cardinal num
ber nmero cardinal. y cardinal point
punto cardinal. y cardinal sin pecado
capital.
cardiologist [kAdIldZIst] n
cardilogo,-a.
cardiology [kAdIldZI] n cardiologa.
care [ker] n 1 (gen) cuidado: take care
when driving at night (ten) cuidado al con
ducir de noche; I left the baby in the care of
my mother dej al beb al cuidado de mi
madre. 2 (worry, grief) preocupacin f.
P vi (be worried, be concerned) preocupar
se (about, por), importar: I dont care
no me importa, me da igual.
P vt (feel concern, mind) importar: no-one
cares if youre late a nadie le importa si lle
gas tarde. l o c Handle with care
Frgil. y take care! 1 (be careful) ten
cuidado! 2 (look after yourself) cudate!
c o m p medical care asistencia mdica.
a to care for vt insep 1 (look after) cuidar,
atender. 2 (like) gustar; (feel affection for)
querer, sentir cario por.
career [krIr] n 1 (profession) carrera. 2
(working life) vida profesional.
carefree [kefri] adj despreocupa
do,a, libre de preocupaciones.
 careful
careful [kefUl] adj 1 (cautious) prudente,
cuidadoso,-a: a careful driver un conduc
tor prudente. 2 (painstaking) cuidado
so,a. l o c to be careful tener cuidado.
carefully [kefUlI] adv 1 (cautiously) con
cuidado, con precaucin: drive care-
fully conduce con cuidado. 2 (with great
attention) cuidadosamente.
careless [kels] adj (inattentive, thought-
less - person) descuidado; (driving) ne
gligente.
caress [kres] n caricia.
P vt acariciar.
caretaker [keteIkr] n conserje m,
portero,-a.
cargo [kAgU] n (goods) carga; (load)
cargamento.
pl cargoes o cargos.
, Cargo no significa cargo (empleo),
que se traduce por position.
Caribbean [kQrIbIn, us krIbIn] adj
caribeo,-a. c o m p the Caribbean (Sea)
el (mar) Caribe.
caribou [kQrIbU] n carib m.
caricature [kQrIktjUr] n caricatura.
caries [kerIz] n caries f.
carnage [kAnIdZ] n carnicera.
carnal [kAnl] adj carnal.
carnation [kAneISn] n clavel m.
carnival [kAnIvl] n carnaval m.
carnivore [kAnIvr] n carnvoro,-a.
carnivorous [kAnIvrs] adj carn
voro,-a.
carol [kQrl] n villancico.
carotene [kQrtin] n caroteno.
carousel [kQrsel] n 1 us (roundabout)
tiovivo, caballitos mpl, carrusel m. 2
(for baggage) cinta transportadora. 3 (for
slides) carrete m de diapositivas.
carp1 [kAp] n (fish) carpa.
carp 2 [kAp] vi (complain) quejarse
(about/at, de).
carpenter [kApIntr] n carpintero,-a.
carpentry [kApIntrI] n carpintera.
carpet [kApIt] n 1 (gen) alfombra; (fit-
ted) moqueta. 2 fig alfombra.
, Carpet no significa carpeta, que se
traduce por folder.
58
carriage [kQrIdZ] n 1 hist (horse-drawn)
carruaje m. 2 gb (railway vehicle) vagn
m, coche m. 3 (of typewriter) carro. 4
(cost of transport) porte m, transporte m.
carriageway [kQrIdZweI] n gb calzada.
carrier [kQrIr] n 1 (company, person)
transportista mf. 2 av compaa area,
lnea area. 3 med (of disease) portador,-
ra. c o m p aircraft carrier mar portaavio
nes m. y carrier pigeon paloma mensa
jera.
carrion [kQrIn] n carroa.
carrot [kQrt] n zanahoria.
carrousel [kQrsel] n 1 (roundabout) tiovi
vo, carrusel. 2 (for baggage reclaim) cinta.
carry [kQrI] vt 1 (gen) llevar. 2 (goods,
load, passengers) transportar. 3 (disease)
ser portador,-ra de. 4 (blame, responsi-
bility) cargar con. 5 (entail, involve) con
llevar 8 math llevar(se).
a to carry forward / carry over vt sep
llevar a la columna siguiente, llevar
a la pgina siguiente: carry this figure
forward to the next page lleva esta cifra a
la pgina siguiente.
a to carry off vt sep 1 (part, action, duty)
realizar con xito, salir airoso,-a de:
she carried the speech off well sali airosa del
discurso. 2 (prize) llevarse, hacerse con.
a to carry on vt insep continuar con, se
guir con.
a to carry through vt sep (plan, etc) lle
var a cabo.
pt & pp carried, ger carrying.
carry-out [kQrIaUt] n 1 us (food) comida
para llevar. 2 (drink) bebida para llevar.
carsick [kAsIk] adj mareado,-a (al ir en
coche). l o c to get carsick marearse
en coche.
cart [kAt] n 1 (horse-drawn) carro, ca
rreta; (handcart) carretilla. 2 us (for
shopping) carrito, carro.
cartel [kAtel] n crtel m.
Cartesian [kAtiZn] adj cartesiano,-a.
Carthaginian [kATdZInIn] adj car
taginense.
P n cartaginense mf.
cartilage [kAtIlIdZ] n cartlago.
cartography [kAtgrfI] n cartografa.
 59
carton [kAt n] n (of cream, yoghurt) bote
m; (of milk, juice, cigarettes) cartn m; (of
cereals, etc) caja.
, Carton no significa cartn, que se
traduce por cardboard.
cartoon [kAtUn] n 1 (drawing) vieta,
chiste m; (strip) tira cmica, historie
ta. 2 (animated) dibujos mpl animados.
cartridge [kAtrIdZ] n 1 mil cartucho.
2 (for pen) recambio.
carve [kAv] vt 1 (wood, stone) tallar;
(statue, etc) esculpir; (initials) grabar. 2
(meat) cortar, trinchar.
cascade [kQskeId] n cascada.
case1 [keIs] n 1 (gen) caso. 2 jur (lawsuit)
causa, litigio, pleito. l o c in case
por si, en caso de que y in no
case bajo ninguna circunstancia.
case2 [keIs] n 1 (suitcase) maleta. 2 (box)
caja, cajn m; (small, hard container) es
tuche m; (soft container) funda.
cash [kQS] n dinero (en) efectivo, me
tlico.
P vt (cheque) cobrar, hacer efectivo.
cashier [kQSIr] n cajero,-a.
cashmere [kQSmIr] n cachemira.
casino [ksinU] n casino.
pl casinos.
cask [kAsk] n tonel m, barril m.
, Cask no significa casco (para la cabe
za), que se traduce por helmet.
casket [kAskIt] n 1 (box) cofre m. 2 (cof-
fin) atad m.
casserole [kQsrUl] n 1 (dish) cazue
la. 2 (food) guiso, guisado.
cassette [kset] n casete f.
cast [kAst] n 1 theat reparto. 2 tech
(mould) molde m; (product) pieza.
P vt 1 (gen) lanzar. 2 (shadow, light) pro
yectar. 3 (vote) emitir. 4 theat (part,
role) asignar el papel a. l o c to be cast
away naufragar. y to cast a spell on
sth/sb hechizar algo/a algn.
a to cast about for / cast around for vt
insep buscar, andar buscando.
a to cast out vt sep fml expulsar.
pt & pp cast.
castaway [kAstweI] n nufrago,-a.
catch
caste [kAst] n casta.
caster [kAstr] n (wheel) ruedecilla.
Castilian [kQstIlIn] adj castellano,-a.
P n 1 (person) castellano,-a. 2 (language)
castellano.
casting [kAstIN] n 1 tech (process) fun C
dicin f ; (object) pieza fundida. 2
theat (selection) seleccin f, casting m.
cast-iron [kAstaIn] adj de hierro
fundido, de hierro colado.
castle [kAsl] n 1 (gen) castillo. 2 (chess)
torre f.
P vi (chess) enrocar.
castor1 [kAstr] n caster.
castor2 [kAstr] n c o m p castor oil acei
te m de ricino.
castrate [kQstreIt] vt castrar, capar.
casual [kQZjUl] adj 1 (chance - visit, visitor)
ocasional; (- meeting) fortuito,-a, ca
sual. 2 (superficial) superficial; (reader)
ocasional. 3 (informal) informal.
casually [kQZjUlI] adv 1 (dress) de ma
nera informal. 2 (unconcernedly) des
preocupadamente.
, Casually no significa casualmente,
que se traduce por by chance.
casualty [kQZjUltI] n (of accident)
herido,-a; mil baja
pl casualties.
, Casualty no significa casualidad,
que se traduce por chance.
cat [kQt] n (domestic) gato,-a; (lion, tiger)
felino,-a
Catalan [kQtlQn] adj cataln,-ana.
P n 1 (person) cataln,-ana. 2 (language)
cataln m.
catalogue [kQtlg] n catlogo.
P vt catalogar.
catalyst [kQtlIst] n catalizador m.
catapult [kQtplt] n 1 (gen) catapul
ta. 2 (toy) tirachinas m.
cataract [kQtrQkt] n 1 (waterfall) ca
tarata. 2 med catarata.
catarrh [ktAr] n catarro.
catastrophe [ktQstrfI] n catstrofe f.
catch [kQtS] n 1 (of ball) parada. 2 (of
fish) presa. 4 (fastener on door) pestillo.
catching
P vt 1 (gen) coger, agarrar; (fish) pescar.
2 (train, plane - take) tomar: I just caught
the last train tom el ltimo tren con el
tiempo justo. l o c to catch a cold res
friarse, pescar un resfriado.
a to catch on vi 1 (understand) entender,
darse cuenta (to, de). 2 (become popular)
ponerse de moda, imponerse.
a to catch out vt sep (doing something
wrong) pillar, sorprender; (trick) hacer
que uno caiga.
a to catch up vt sep (person) alcanzar.
pt & pp caught [kt].
catching [kQtSIN] adj contagioso,-a.
catchword [kQtSwd] n eslogan m.
catechism [kQtkIzm] n catecismo.
categoric [kQtgrIk] adj categrico,-a.
category [kQtgrI] n categora.
pl categories.
cater [kItr] vi (food) proveer comida
(for, para).
a to cater for vt insep (needs, interests,
tastes) atender a, satisfacer.
caterer [keItrr] n proveedor,-ra.
catering [keItrIN] n (business, course)
hostelera; (service) catering m.
caterpillar [kQtpIlr] n oruga.
cathedral [kTidrl] n catedral f.
catheter [kQTtr] n catter m.
cathode [kQTUd] n ctodo. c o m p
cathode ray rayo catdico.
Catholic [kQTlIk] adj & n rel catlico,-a.
Catholicism [kTlIsIzm] n rel catoli
cismo.
cattle [kQtl] n pl ganado (vacuno).
caught [kt] pt & pp catch.
cauldron [kldrn] n caldero.
cauliflower [klIflaUr] n coliflor f.
cause [kz] n 1 (gen) causa 2 (reason,
grounds) razn f, motivo.
P vt causar.
caustic [kstIk] adj custico,-a. c o m p
caustic soda sosa custica.
cauterize [ktraIz] vt cauterizar.
caution [kSn] n 1 (care, prudence) cau
tela, precaucin f , prudencia. 2
(warning) aviso, advertencia.
P vt 1 (warn) advertir. 2 gb (judge, etc)
amonestar.
60
cautious [kSs] adj cauteloso,-a,
prudente, cauto,-a.
cavalry [kQvlrI] n caballera.
pl cavalries.
cave [keIv] n cueva. comp cave painting
pintura rupestre.
a to cave in vi (roof, etc) hundirse, de
rrumbarse; (opposition, etc) ceder.
caveman [keIvmQn] n caverncola m,
hombre m de las cavernas.
cavern [kQvn] n caverna.
caviar [kQvIAr] n caviar m.
caving [keIvIN] n espeleologa.
cavity [kQvItI] n 1 (hole) cavidad f. 2 (in
tooth) carie f.
pl cavities.
caw [k] n graznido.
P vi graznar.
cayman [keImn] n caimn m.
CD [sidi] abbr (compact disc) disco
compacto; (abbreviation) CD m.
CD-ROM [sidirm] abbr (compact
disc read-only memory) CD-ROM m.
cease [sis] vt suspender. l o c to cease
fire mil cesar el fuego.
P vi cesar.
cease-fire [sisfaIr] n alto el fuego.
ceaseless [sisls] adj incesante.
cecum [sikm] n us caecum.
cedar [sidr] n bot cedro.
ceiling [silIN] n 1 (of room) techo. 2 (up-
per limit) tope m, lmite m.
celebrate [selIbreIt] vt & vi celebrar.
celebrated [selIbreItId] adj clebre,
famoso,-a.
celebration [selIbreISn] n (event) fies
ta, festejo; (activity) celebracin f.
P n pl celebrations festividades fpl ,
festejos mpl.
celebrity [slebrItI] n celebridad f,
personaje m famoso.
pl celebrities.
celery [selrI] n apio.
celestial [sIlestIl] adj 1 (heavenly) ce
lestial. 2 (of the skies) celeste.
cell [sel] n 1 (in prison, monastery) celda. 2
(of honeycomb) celdilla. 3 (of organism)
clula. 4 elec (in battery) pila.

cellar [sel ] n 1 (basement) stano. 2
r
(for wine) bodega.
cellist [tSelIst] n violoncelista mf.
cello [tSelU] n violoncelo.
pl cellos.
Cellophane [selfeIn] n celofn m.
cellphone [selfUn] n us telfono mvil.
cellular [seljlr] adj celular. c o m p cel
lular telephone telfono mvil.
cellulite [seljUlaIt] n (fat) celulitis f.
celluloid [seljlId] n celuloide m.
cellulose [seljlUs] n celulosa.
Celsius [selsIs] adj Celsius: 30 degrees
Celsius 30 grados Celsius.
Celt [kelt] n celta mf.
cement [sIment] n 1 (in building) cemento.
2 (glue) adhesivo; (for filling teeth) empaste
m. c o m p cement mixer hormigonera.
cemetery [semtrI] n cementerio.
pl cemeteries.
censor [sensr] n censor,-ra.
P vt censurar.
censorship [sensSIp] n censura.
censure [senSr] n fml censura.
P vt fml censurar.
census [senss] n censo, padrn m.
cent [sent] n centavo, cntimo.
centenary [sentinrI] n centenario.
pl centenaries.
centennial [sentenIl] n us centenario.
center [sentr] n & vb us centre.
centigrade [sentIgreId] adj centgra
do,-a.
centigram [sentIgrQm] n centigramo.
centilitre [sentIlitr] n centilitro.
centimetre [sentImitr] n centmetro.
centipede [sentIpid] n ciempis m.
central [sentrl] adj 1 (government, bank,
committee) central. 2 (of, at or near centre)
cntrico,-a. c o m p central nervous sys
tem sistema m nervioso central.
centre [sentr] n centro.
P vt (put in centre) centrar.
P vi (focus on) centrarse (on/upon, en).
centrifugal [sentrIfjUgl] adj cent
rfugo,-a.
centripetal [sentrIpIt l] adj cent r
peto,-a.
61 chain
century [sentSrI] n siglo: the twentieth
century el siglo veinte.
pl centuries.
ceramic [srQmIk] adj de cermica.
P n cermica.
ceramics [srQmIks] n (art) cermica; C
(objects) objetos mpl de cermica.
cereal [sIrIl] n (plant, grain) cereal m;
(breakfast food) cereales mpl.
cerebellum [serIbelm] n cerebelo.
cerebral [serIbrl] adj cerebral. c o m p
cerebral palsy parlisis f cerebral.
cerebrum [serbrm] n cerebro.
ceremony [serImnI] n ceremonia.
pl ceremonies.
certain [stn] adj 1 (gen) seguro,-a:
shes certain to pass seguro que aprobar.
2 (specific, particular) cierto,-a. 4 (named)
tal: a certain Pedro Daz un tal Pedro Daz.
certainly [stnlI] adv 1 (definitely, sure-
ly) seguro. 2 (when answering questions)
desde luego, por supuesto.
certainty [stntI] n certeza, seguri
dad f.
pl certainties.
certificate [stIfIkt] n (gen) certifica
do: birth certificate partida de nacimiento.
certify [stIfaI] vt certificar.
pt & pp certified, ger certifying.
cervical [svIkl] adj 1 (of neck) cervical.
2 (of uterus) del (cuello del) tero. c o m p
cervical cancer cncer m de tero. y cer
vical vertebrae vrtebras cervicales.
cervix [svIks] n 1 fml (neck) cerviz f,
cuello. 2 (uterus) cuello del tero.
pl cervixes o cervices.
cesium [sizIm] n us caesium.
cesspit [sespIt] n pozo negro.
cetacean [sIteISn] adj cetceo,-a.
P n cetceo.
chafe [tSeIf] vt 1 (make sore) rozar, exco
riar. 2 (make warm) frotar, friccionar.
P vi irritarse.
chain [tSeIn] n 1 (metal rings) cadena. 2
(of shops, hotels, etc) cadena; (of events)
cadena, serie f. c o m p chain reaction
reaccin en cadena. y mountain chain
cordillera, cadena montaosa.
P vt encadenar, atar.
 chair
chair [tSe ] n (gen) silla; (with arms) silln
r
m, butaca. loc to address the chair di
rigirse al presidente, dirigirse a la
presidencia. c o m p chair lift telesilla.
P vt (meeting) presidir.
chairman [tSemn] n presidente m.
pl chairmen [tSemen].
chairmanship [tSemnSIp] n presi
dencia.
chairperson [tSeps n] n pres i
dente,-a.
chairwoman [tSewUmn] n pre
sidenta.
pl chairwomen [tSewImIn].
chaise longue [SeIzlN] n divn m.
chalet [SQleI] n chalet m, chal m.
chalice [tSQlIs] n cliz m.
chalk [tSk] n 1 (mineral) creta, roca
caliza. 2 (for writing) tiza.
a to chalk up vt insep fam (victory, success)
apuntarse.
challenge [tSQlIndZ] n reto, desafo.
P vt 1 (invite to compete) retar, desafiar. 2
(statement) poner en duda, cuestionar.
challenger [tSQlIndZr] n (for title, lead-
ership) aspirante mf ; (opponent, rival)
contrincante mf, rival mf.
challenging [tSQlIndZIN] adj (task, job,
problem) que supone un reto; (idea) es
timulante; (look, tone) desafiante.
chamber [tSeImbr] n 1 (gen) cmara.
2 (of gun) recmara.
chambermaid [tSeImbmeId] n ca
marera (de hotel).
chameleon [kmilIn] n camalen m.
champagne [SQmpeIn] n (French) cham
pn m, champaa; (Catalan) cava m.
champion [tSQmpIn] n 1 campen,
-ona. 2 fig (defender) defensor,-ra,
paladn,-ina.
P adj premiado,-a.
P vt fig defender, abogar por.
championship [tSQmpInSIp] n sp
campeonato.
chance [tSAns] n 1 (fate, fortune) azar m,
casualidad f. 2 (opportunity) oportuni
dad f, ocasin f: you wont get another
chance like this no se te presentar otra
oportunidad como sta. 3 (possibility,
62
likelihood) posibilidad f. l o c by chance
por casualidad.
P adj (meeting, discovery, occurrence)
fortuito,-a, casual.
P vt (risk) arriesgar.
chancellor [tSAnslr] n 1 pol canciller m.
2 gb (of university) rector,-ra. c o m p Chancel
lor of the Exchequer gb ministro,-a de
Hacienda.
chancy [tsAnsI] adj fam arriesgado,-a.
comp chancier, superl chanciest.
chandelier [SQndlIr] n araa.
change [tSeIndZ] n 1 (gen) cambio. 2 (of
clothes) muda. 3 (coins) cambio, mone
das fpl; (money returned) cambio, vuelta.
P vi cambiar, cambiarse.
changeable [tSeIndZbl] adj variable.
changeless [tSeIndZls] adj inmutable.
changing [tSeIndZIN] adj cambiante.
c o m p changing room vestuario.
P n mil cambio, relevo.
channel [tSQnl] n 1 (gen) canal m. 2 (on
television) canal m, cadena.
chant [tSAnt] n 1 rel canto litrgico, cn
tico. 2 (of crowd) eslogan m, consigna.
chaos [keIs] n caos m.
chaotic [keItIk] adj catico,-a.
chap [tSQp] n fam to, tipo.
chapel [tSQpl] n capilla.
chaplain [tSQplIn] n capelln m.
chapter [tSQptr] n captulo.
char [tSAr] vt chamuscar, carbonizar.
pt & pp charred, ger charring.
character [kQrktr] n 1 (gen) carcter
m. 2 (in film, book, play) personaje m.
characteristic [kQrktrIstIk] adj ca
racterstico,-a.
P n caracterstica.
characterize [kQrktraIz] vt (gen) ca
racterizar; (describe character of) califi
car (as, de).
chard [tSAd] n acelgas fpl.
charge [tSAdZ] n 1 (price) precio; (fee(s))
honorarios mpl. 2 (responsibility) cargo.
3 jur cargo, acusacin f. 4 mil (attack)
carga. 5 (explosive) carga explosiva. 6
elec carga.
P vt 1 (ask as a price - customer, amount)
cobrar; (record as debit) cargar. 2 jur
 63
acusar (with, de). 3 elec cargar. 4 mil
cargar contra, atacar.
charger [tSAdZr] n 1 elec cargador m.
2 (horse) corcel m.
chariot [tSQrIt] n cuadriga, carro.
charisma [krIzm] n carisma m.
charitable [tSQrItbl] adj 1 (person)
caritativo,-a. 2 (organization) benfico,-a.
charity [tSQrItI] n 1 (gen) caridad f. 2
(organization) institucin f benfica.
pl charities.
charlatan [SAltn] n embaucador,-a.
, Charlatan no significa charlatn (que
habla mucho), que se traduce por chatter-
box.
charm [tSAm] n 1 (quality) encanto. 2
(object) amuleto. 3 (spell) hechizo.
P vt encantar.
charmer [tSAmr] n 1 (charming person)
persona encantadora. 2 (of snakes)
encantador,-ra.
charming [tSAmIN] adj (delightful) en
cantador,-ra.
chart [tSAt] n 1 (table) tabla; (graph)
grfico; (map) carta, mapa m. 2 (navi-
gational) carta de navegacin.
P vt (make a map of) trazar un mapa de;
(plan, plot on map) trazar.
P n pl the charts mus la lista de xitos,
el hit parade m.
charter [tSAtr] n 1 (gen) estatutos mpl;
(of town) fuero. 2 (constitution) carta. 3
(hiring of plane, etc) fletamiento.
P vt 1 (grant rights, privileges to) aprobar
los estatutos de. 2 (hire plane, boat, etc)
fletar, alquilar.
chartered [tSAtd] adj (qualified)
colegiado,-a. c o m p chartered account
ant contable mf diplomado,-a.
chase [tSeIs] n (gen) persecucin f; (hunt)
caza.
P vt (gen) perseguir; (hunt) cazar.
chasm [kQzm] n 1 geog sima. 2 fig
abismo.
chassis [SQsI] n chasis m.
pl chassis.
chaste [tSeIst] adj 1 (pure) casto,-a, puro,
-a. 2 (not ornate) sobrio,-a, sencillo,-a.
chastise [tSQstaIz] vt fml castigar.
checkpoint
chastity [tSQstItI] n castidad f.
chat [tSQt] n 1 (in general) charla. 2 (on
Internet) charla, chat m.
chatter [tSQtr] n 1 (rapid talk) chcha
ra, parloteo. 2 (of teeth) castaeteo.
P vi 1 (talk rapidly) chacharear, parlo C
tear, cotorrear. 2 (teeth) castaetear.
chatterbox [ t S Q t b k s ] n fam
parlanchn,-ina, charlatn,-ana.
chatty [tSQtI] adj (person) hablador,-ra,
parlanchn,-ina.
comp chattier, superl chattiest.
chauffeur [SUfr] n chfer mf, chofer mf.
chauvinism [SUvInIzm] n chovinismo.
cheap [tSip] adj 1 (gen) barato,-a. 2 (of
poor quality, shoddy) ordinario,-a. 3 (con-
temptible - trick, gibe, crook) vil, bajo,-a;
(vulgar - joke, remark) de mal gusto.
P adv barato.
cheapen [tSipn] vt 1 (in price) abara
tar. 2 (degrade) degradar, rebajar.
cheat [tSit] n 1 (gen) tramposo,-a;
(swindler) estafador,-ra. 2 (trick) tram
pa; (swindle) estafa, timo.
P vt (trick, deceive) engaar; (swindle) es
tafar, timar.
P vi (gen) hacer trampa(s); (in exam)
copiar.
check [tSek] n 1 (gen) revisin f, control
m; (of machine) verificacin f, inspec
cin f; (of results, facts, information) com
probacin f, verificacin f. 2 (stop, re-
straint) control m, freno. 3 us cheque.
4 us (bill) cuenta, nota. 5 (chess) jaque m.
P vi (make sure) comprobar, verificar.
a to check in vi (at airport) facturar el
equipaje; (at hotel) registrarse.
P vt sep facturar.
a to check out vi pagar la cuenta e ir
se, dejar el hotel.
P vt sep (facts, information) verificar, com
probar; (place) ir a ver; (person) hacer
averiguaciones sobre.
checked [tSekt] adj a cuadros.
checkers [tSekz] n pl us damas fpl.
checkmate [tSekmeIt] n (jaque m) ma
te m.
P vt dar (jaque) mate a.
checkout [tSekaUt] n (in supermarket) caja.
checkpoint [tSekpInt] n control m.
 checkroom
checkroom [tSekrUm] n us guarda
rropa.
check-up [tSekp] n (by doctor) che
queo, reconocimiento mdico.
cheek [tSik] n 1 anat mejilla. 2 fam
(nerve, impudence) descaro, cara.
cheekbone [tSikbUn] n pmulo.
cheeky [tSikI] adj (person) descarado,
-a, fresco,-a; (remark) impertinente.
comp cheekier, superl cheekiest.
cheer [tSIr] n 1 (shout of joy) viva m, v
tor m, hurra m. 2 (happiness) alegra.
P vt 1 (applaud with shouts) vitorear,
aclamar. 2 (gladden) animar, alegrar.
a to cheer up vt sep animar, alegrar.
P vi animarse, alegrarse: cheer up! ni
mo!
cheerful [tSIfUl] adj alegre.
cheerio [tSIrIU] interj gb fam adis!,
hasta luego!
cheerleader [tSIlidr] n animador,
-ra (de un equipo deportivo).
cheers [tSIz] interj 1 fam (as toast) sa
lud! 2 fam (thanks) gracias! 3 fam
(goodbye) adis!, hasta luego!
cheese [tSiz] n queso.
cheetah [tSit] n guepardo.
chef [Sef] n chef m, jefe,-a de cocina.
chemical [kemIkl] adj qumico,-a.
P n sustancia qumica.
chemist [kemIst] n 1 chem qumico,
-a. 2 gb (pharmacist) farmacutico,-a.
c o m p chemists (shop) gb farmacia.
chemistry [kemIstrI] n qumica.
chemotherapy [kimUTerpI] n qui
mioterapia.
cheque [tSek] n cheque m, taln m.
chequebook [tSekbUk] n talonario de
cheques.
chequered [tSekd] adj 1 (cloth, pattern)
a cuadros. 2 fig (past, history, career) con
altibajos, accidentado,-a.
chequers [tSekz] n pl damas fpl.
cherish [tSerIS] vt 1 (person) apreciar,
querer. 2 (hope, memory, illusion) abrigar.
cherry [tSerI] n (fruit) cereza, guinda;
(wood) cerezo. c o m p cherry tree cerezo.
pl cherries.
64
chess [tSes] n ajedrez m: a game of chess
una partida de ajedrez.
chessboard [tSesbd] n tablero de
ajedrez.
chessmen [tSesmn] n pl piezas fpl de
ajedrez.
chest [tSest] n 1 (large) arca, arcn m;
(small) cofre m. 2 anat pecho.
chestnut [tSesnt] n 1 bot (tree, wood)
castao; (nut) castaa. 2 (colour) casta
o. 3 (horse) alazn,-ana.
P adj (colour) castao,-a; (horse) ala
zn,-ana.
chew [tSU] vt (food) mascar, masticar;
(nails, pencil) morder.
chewing gum [tSUINgm] n chicle m.
chic [Sik] adj chic, elegante.
P n elegancia.
chick [tSIk] n polluelo.
chicken [tSIkIn] n 1 (hen) gallina; (food)
pollo. 2 fam (coward) gallina mf.
P adj fam gallina.
chickenpox [tSIkInpks] n varicela.
chickpea [tSIkpi] n garbanzo.
chicory [tSIkrI] n achicoria, chicoria.
chief [tSif] n (gen) jefe,-a; (of party) lder
mf; (of tribe) cacique m.
P adj principal.
chiefly [tSiflI] adv (mainly) principal
mente; (especially) sobre todo.
chieftain [tSiftn] n cacique m, jefe,-a.
chiffon [SIfn] n gasa.
chilblain [tSIlbleIn] n saban m.
child [tSaIld] n 1 (boy) nio; (girl) nia. 2
(son) hijo; (daughter) hija.
pl children.
childbirth [tSaIldbT] n parto.
childhood [tSaIldhUd] n infancia.
childish [tSaIldIS] adj (of a child) infantil;
(immature) pueril, infantil.
childlike [tSaIldlaIk] adj infantil.
children [tSIldrn] n pl child.
chili [tSIlI] n us chilli.
chill [tSIl] n med (cold) resfriado; (shiver)
escalofro.
P adj (wind, etc) fro,-a.
P vt enfriar.
chilli [tSIlI] n chile m.

chilling [tSIlIN] adj 1 glacial. 2 fig espe
luznante, escalofriante.
chilly [tSIlI] adj (gen) fro,-a.
comp chillier, superl chilliest.
chime [tSaIm] n (bells) carilln m; (sound
of bells) repique m; (of clock) campana
da; (of doorbell) campanilla.
P vi (bells) sonar, repicar; (clock) dar la
hora, sonar.
chimney [tSImnI] n chimenea.
. Chimney slo se refiere al conducto
por donde sale el humo. El hogar se tradu
ce por fireplace.
chimpanzee [tSImpQnzi] n chim
panc m.
chin [tSIn] n barbilla, mentn m.
china [tSaIn] n 1 (white clay) loza; (fine)
porcelana. 2 (crockery) vajilla, objetos
mpl de porcelana, loza.
China [tSaIn] n China.
Chinese [tSaIniz] adj chino,-a.
P n 1 (person) chino,-a. 2 (language) chino.
chink1 [tSINk] n grieta, abertura.
chink2 [tSINk] n (noise) tintineo.
P vt hacer tintinear, hacer sonar.
chip [tSIp] n 1 gb (fried potato) patata fri
ta. 2 us patata frita (de bolsa). 3 com-
put chip m. 4 (of wood) astilla; (of stone)
lasca. 5 (flaw - in plate, glass) desporti
lladura. 6 (in gambling) ficha.
P vt 1 gb (potatoes) cortar. 2 (china, glass)
desportillar; (paint) desconchar.
pt & pp chipped, ger chipping.
chipboard [tSIpbd] n aglomerado,
madera aglomerada.
chiropodist [kIrpdIst] n podlogo,
-a, pedicuro,-a, callista mf.
chirp [tSp] vi (insect) chirriar; (bird)
gorjear.
chisel [tSIzl] n (for stone) cincel m.
P vt (stone) cincelar; (wood, metal) labrar,
tallar.
pt & pp chiselled (us chiseled), ger
chiselling (us chiseling).
chit [tSIt] n fam (note) nota.
chitchat [tSIttSQt] n fam palique m,
chchara.
65 chorale
chives [tSaIvz] n pl bot cebollino, ce
bolleta.
chloride [klraId] n cloruro.
chlorine [klrin] n cloro.
chloroform [klrfm] n cloroformo.
chlorophyll [klrfIl] n clorofila. C
chock [tSk] n calzo, cua.
chock-a-block [tSkblk] adj fam
hasta los topes, de bote en bote.
chock-full [tSkfUl] adj fam hasta los
topes.
chocolate [tSklt] n 1 (substance) cho
colate m: a bar of chocolate una chocola
tina, una tableta de chocolate. 2 (individ-
ual sweet) bombn m.
choice [tSIs] n 1 (act) eleccin f, op
cin f. 2 (person, thing chosen) eleccin f.
3 (variety, range) surtido, seleccin f.
P adj 1 (top quality) selecto,-a, de pri
mera calidad.
choir [kwaIr] n coro.
choke [tSUk] vt 1 (person) ahogar, as
fixiar, estrangular. 2 (block - pipe, drain,
etc) atascar, obstruir.
P n estrter m.
, Choke no significa choque, que se
traduce por collision.
cholera [klr] n clera m.
cholesterol [klestrl] n colesterol m.
choose [tSUz] vt 1 (select) escoger, ele
gir; (elect) elegir. 2 (decide) decidir, op
tar por.
pt chose [ t S U z ] , pp chosen
[tSUzn], ger choosing.
choosy [tSUzI] adj fam exigente.
comp choosier, superl choosiest.
chop [tSp] n 1 (blow) tajo, golpe m;
(with axe) hachazo. 2 culin chuleta.
P vt cortar (up, -).
a to chop down vt sep (tree, etc) talar.
a to chop off vt sep cortar.
pt & pp chopped, ger chopping.
choppy [tSpI] adj (sea) picado,-a.
comp choppier, superl choppiest.
chopsticks [tSpstIks] n pl palillos mpl.
choral [krl] adj coral. c o m p choral so
ciety coral f, orfen m.
chorale [krAl] n coral f.
 chord
chord 1
[kd] n 1 math cuerda. 2 anat
cord.
chord2 [kd] n mus acorde m.
chore [tSr] n (job) quehacer m, tarea;
(boring job) lata.
choreography [krIgrfI] n coreo
grafa.
chorister [krIstr] n corista mf.
chorus [krs] n 1 (choir) coro. 2 (of song)
estribillo.
chose [tSUz] pt choose.
chosen [tSUzn] pp choose.
P adj elegido,-a, escogido,-a.
Christ [kraIst] n Cristo, Jesucristo.
christening [krIsnIN] n (ritual) bautis
mo; (celebration) bautizo.
Christian [krIstIn] adj & n cristiano,-a.
Christmas [krIsms] n Navidad f, Na
vidades fpl. c o m p Christmas Eve No
chebuena. y Christmas Day da m de
Navidad.
chrome [krUm] n cromo.
chromosome [krUmsUm] n cromo
soma m.
chronic [krnIk] adj 1 (disease, person,
problem) crnico,-a. 2 gb fam (terrible)
malsimo,-a, terrible.
chronicle [krnIkl] n crnica.
chronological [krnldZIk l] adj
cronolgico,-a.
chronology [krnldZI] n cronologa.
chronometer [krnmItr] n cron
metro.
chrysalis [krIslIs] n crislida.
pl chrysalises.
chrysanthemum [krIsQnTmm] n cri
santemo.
chubby [tSbI] adj (person) regordete,-a,
gordinfln,-ona.
comp chubbier, superl chubbiest.
chuck [tSk] vt 1 fam (throw) tirar. 2 fam
(give up) dejar, plantar.
a to chuck away vt sep (rubbish) tirar;
(money) derrochar.
chuckle [tSkl] vi rerse (entre dientes).
P n risita.
chum [tSm] n fam compinche mf.
church [tStS] n iglesia. c o m p Church of
England Iglesia Anglicana.
66
churchyard [tStSjAd] n cementerio,
camposanto.
churn [tSn] n 1 gb (for milk) lechera. 2
(for butter) mantequera.
P vt 1 (butter) hacer; (milk, cream) batir. 2
(water, earth) agitar (up, -), revolver (up, -).
a to churn out vt sep producir en se
rie, hacer como churros.
chute [SUt] n (slide) tobogn m.
cicada [sIkAd] n cigarra.
cider [saIdr] n sidra.
cigar [sIgAr] n puro, cigarro.
cigarette [sIgret] n cigarrillo.
cinder [sIndr] n ceniza, pavesa.
Cinderella [sIndrel] n (la) Cenicienta.
cinema [sInm] n cine m.
cinnamon [sInmn] n canela.
cipher [saIfr] n 1 (code) cdigo, clave f.
2 (zero) cero; (numeral) cifra.
circle [skl] n crculo.
P vt (encircle) rodear, cercar; (move in a
circle) dar vueltas alrededor de.
circuit [skIt] n 1 (route, journey round) reco
rrido; (of running track) vuelta. 2 elec cir
cuito. 3 sp (series of tournaments) circuito.
circular [skjlr] adj circular.
circulate [skjleIt] vi circular.
P vt hacer circular.
circulation [skjleISn] n 1 (gen) circu
lacin f. 2 (of newspaper, magazine) tirada.
circulatory [skjleItrI] adj circu
latorio,-a.
circumcision [skmsIZn] n circun
cisin f.
circumference [skmfrns] n cir
cunferencia.
circumflex [skmfleks] n circunflejo.
circumstance [skmstns] n (condi-
tion, fact) circunstancia.
P n pl circumstances (financial position)
situacin f econmica.
circus [sks] n 1 (entertainment) circo.
2 gb (in town) glorieta, plaza redonda.
cistern [sIstn] n cisterna.
cite [saIt] vt citar.
citizen [sItIzn] n ciudadano,-a.
citizenship [sItIznSIp] n ciudadana.
citric [sItrIk] adj ctrico,-a.
 67
city [sItI] n ciudad f. comp city council gb
ayuntamiento, municipio. y the City
gb el centro financiero de Londres.
pl cities.
" La City de Londres es el barrio original
a partir del cual creci la actual metrpoli.
Hoy en da, concentra las sedes de las
grandes empresas y es unos de los centros
econmicos ms importantes del mundo.
civic [sIvIk] adj (duty, pride) cvico,-a;
(leader, event) municipal.
civics [sIvIks] n educacin f cvica.
civil [sIvl] adj 1 (of citizens) civil. 2 (po-
lite) corts,-esa, educado,-a. c o m p civil
servant funcionario,-a. y the Civil Ser
vice la administracin pblica.
civilian [sIvIljn] adj civil. l o c in civil
ian dress de paisano.
P n civil mf.
P n pl civilians poblacin f sing civil.
civility [sIvIlItI] n cortesa.
civilization [sIvIlaIzeISn] n civiliza
cin f.
civilize [sIvIlaIz] vt civilizar.
clad [klQd] pt & pp clothe.
P adj vestido,-a.
claim [kleIm] n 1 (demand - for insurance)
reclamacin f; (for benefit, allowance) so
licitud f. 2 (assertion) afirmacin f.
P vt 1 (gen) reclamar. 2 (apply for) soli
citar. 3 (of disaster, accident, etc) cobrar. 4
(assert) afirmar, sostener, decir.
P vi presentar un reclamacin.
claimant [kleImnt] n 1 (of benefit, allow-
ance) solicitante mf; (of insurance) recla
mante mf. 2 (to throne) pretendiente mf.
3 jur demandante mf.
clam [klQm] n almeja.
clamber [klQmbr] vi trepar gateando
(over, a).
clammy [klQmI] adj (weather) bochor
noso,-a; (hands) pegajoso,-a.
comp clammier, superl clammiest.
clamor [klQmr] n us clothe.
clamour [klQmr] n clamor m.
P vi clamar.
clamp [klQmp] n abrazadera.
P vt sujetar con abrazaderas.
classroom
a to clamp down on vt insep poner freno
a, tomar medidas drsticas contra.
clan [klQn] n clan m.
clandestine [klQndestIn] adj clan
destino,-a.
clang [klQN] n sonido metlico (fuerte). C
P vi sonar.
clap [klQp] n 1 (noise) ruido seco. 2 (ap-
plause) aplauso. 3 (slap) palmada.
P vt 1 (applaud) aplaudir. 2 (slap) dar
una palmada a.
a to clap on vt sep (add) agregar.
clapperboard [klQpbd] n claqueta.
clapping [klQpIN] n aplausos mpl.
claret [klQrt] n (wine) clarete m.
clarify [klQrIfaI] vt aclarar.
pt & pp clarified, ger clarifying.
clarinet [klQrInet] n clarinete m.
clarity [klQrItI] n claridad f.
clash [klQS] n 1 (fight) enfrentamiento,
choque m; (disagreement, argument) des
acuerdo. 2 (conflict - of interests) conflic
to; (- of personalities, cultures, opinions)
choque m. 3 (loud noise) sonido.
P vi 1 (opposing forces - fight) chocar;
(- disagree) discutir, enfrentarse (with, a).
2 (interests) estar en conflicto. 3 (dates,
events) coincidir. 4 (colours) desentonar
(with, con). 5 (cymbals) sonar.
clasp [klAsp] n (on necklace) broche m;
(on belt) cierre m, hebilla.
P vt agarrar, sujetar.
class [klAs] n clase f.
P vt clasificar, catalogar.
classic [klQsIk] adj clsico,-a.
P n (novel, film, play) clsico.
P n pl classics (literature) clsicos mpl;
(languages) clsicas fpl.
classical [klQsIkl] adj (gen) clsico,-a.
classification [klQsIfIkeISn] n clasifi
cacin f.
classified [klQsIfaId] adj 1 (categorized)
clasificado,-a. 2 (secret) secreto,-a,
confidencial.
classify [klQsIfaI] vt clasificar.
pt & pp classified, ger classifying.
classmate [klAsmeIt] n compaero,-a
de clase.
classroom [klAsrUm] n aula, clase f.
 classy
classy [klAsI] adj sl con clase.
comp classier, superl classiest.
clatter [klQtr] n ruido.
P vi hacer ruido.
clause [klz] n 1 (in document) clusula.
2 ling oracin f.
claustrophobia [klstrfUbI] n
claustrofobia.
claustrophobic [klstrfUbIk] adj
claustrofbico,-a.
clavichord [klQvIkd] n clavicordio.
clavicle [klQvIkl] n clavcula.
claw [kl] n 1 (of lion, tiger, etc) garra,
zarpa; (of cat) ua; (of bird) garra; (of cr-
ab, lobster) pinza.
P vi (scratch) araar (at, -).
clay [kleI] n arcilla.
clean [klin] adj limpio,-a.
P vt (gen) limpiar.
P vi limpiarse.
a to clean out vt sep 1 (room, etc) limpiar
a fondo. 2 fam (take all money) dejar
limpio,-a, dejar sin blanca.
a to clean up vt sep 1 (room, mess, etc)
limpiar. 2 fam (money, fortune) hacer,
sacar.
P vi 1 (room, etc) limpiar. 2 fam (make
money) forrarse, barrer con todo.
clean-cut [klinkt] adj (outline, feature)
bien definido,-a, ntido,-a; (person, ap-
pearance) limpio,-a, muy cuidado,-a.
cleaner [klinr] n 1 (person) encargado,
-a de la limpieza. 2 (product) limpia
dor m.
P n cleaners (place, shop) tintorera.
cleanse [klenz] vt limpiar (of, de).
cleanser [klenzr] n (detergent) produc
to de limpieza; (lotion for skin) leche f
limpiadora, crema limpiadora.
cleansing [klenzIN] n limpieza.
clear [klIr] adj 1 (glass, plastic, liquid) trans
parente; (sky, day, etc) despejado,-a. 2
(not blocked - road, desk) despejado,-a; (free
- time) libre. 3 (picture, outline) ntido,
-a. 4 (voice, sound, explanation) claro,-a.
P adv 1 (clearly - speak) claramente;
(hear) bien. 2 (not touching) a distancia.
P vt 1 (table) quitar; (floor, road) despe
jar; (pipe, drain) desatascar; (building,
room - of people) desalojar, desocupar;
68
(house, room - of furniture) vaciar. 2 (ac-
cused person) absolver, exculpar; (ones
name) limpiar. 3 (debt) liquidar, saldar.
4 (obstacle) salvar. 5 sp (ball) despejar.
a to clear away vt sep (dishes, etc) reco
ger, quitar.1
a to clear off vi fam largarse.
P vt sep (debt) liquidar.
a to clear out vi fam largarse.
P vt sep (cupboard, drawers, room) vaciar;
(old things) tirar.
a to clear up vt sep 1 (mystery, crime) resol
ver, esclarecer; (issue, misunderstanding)
aclarar; (loose ends) atar. 2 (tidy) recoger.
P vi 1 (tidy) ordenar. 2 (weather) despe
jar, mejorar.
clearance [klIrns] n 1 sp despeje m.
2 (permission) autorizacin f . c o m p
clearance sale liquidacin f.
clear-cut [klIkt] adj claro,-a, bien
definido,-a.
clear-headed [klIhedId] adj lcido,-a,
despejado,-a.
clearing [klIrIN] n (in wood) claro.
clearness [klIns] n claridad f.
clear-sighted [klIsaItId] adj perspi
caz, lcido,-a.
clef [klef] n mus clave f: bass/treble clef
clave de fa/de sol.
cleft [kleft] adj (chin, lip) partido,-a.
P n hendidura, grieta.
clementine [klemntaIn] n clementina.
clench [klentS] vt 1 (teeth, fist) apretar. 2
(grip) apretar, agarrar.
clergy [kldZI] n clero.
clergyman [kldZImn] n clrigo.
pl clergymen [kldZImn].
clerical [klerIk l] adj 1 rel clerical,
eclesistico,-a. 2 (of a clerk) de ofici
na, administrativo,-a.
clerk [klAk, us klrk] n 1 (office worker)
oficinista mf, administrativo,-a. 2 us
(in a shop) dependiente,-a mf.
clever [klevr] adj 1 (person - intelligent)
listo,-a, inteligente; (skilful) hbil. 2
(idea, plan, gadget) ingenioso,-a; (move)
hbil.
clich [kliSeI] n clich m, tpico.

click [klIk] n (sound - gen) clic m ; (of
tongue, fingers) chasquido.
P vt (tongue, fingers) chasquear.
P vi 1 (make noise) hacer clic. 2 (under-
stand, realize) caer en la cuenta, darse
cuenta de.
client [klaInt] n cliente,-a.
cliff [klIf] n acantilado, precipicio.
cliffhanger [klIfhQNr] n situacin f
de suspense.
climate [klaImt] n 1 geog clima m. 2
fig clima m, situacin f.
climatic [klaImQtIk] adj climtico,-a.
climatological [klaImtldZIkl] adj
climatolgico,-a.
climatology [klaImtldZI] n clima
tologa.
climax [klaImQks] n clmax m.
climb [klaIm] n 1 (gen) subida. 2 sp es
calada.
P vt subir (a).
P vi trepar.
a to climb down vi 1 (descend) bajar. 2
fig (admit mistake, withdraw) ceder, vol
verse atrs.
climber [klaImr] n 1 sp alpinista mf,
escalador,-ra. 2 bot enredadera.
climbing [klaImIN] n sp alpinismo,
montaismo.
clinch [klIntS] n 1 fam (embrace) abrazo
apasionado. 2 sp (in boxing) cuerpo a
cuerpo.
P vt fam (deal) cerrar; (argument) resol
ver; (title) hacerse con.
P vi sp (in boxing) abrazarse.
cling [klIN] vi 1 (hold tightly) agarrarse
(to, a). 2 (stick - clothes) pegarse, ceir
se; (- smell) pegarse.
pt & pp clung [klN].
clingfilm [klINfIlm] n film m transpa
rente.
clinic [klInIk] n 1 (private, specialized) cl
nica. 2 (in state hospital) ambulatorio,
dispensario.
clink [klINk] n (noise) tintineo.
P vt hacer tintinear.
P vi tintinear.
clip1 [klIp] n 1 (with scissors) tijeretada. 2 (of
film) fragmento. 3 fam (blow) cachete m.
69 closed
P vt 1 (cut - gen) cortar; (ticket) picar;
(animals) esquilar. 2 (cut out) recortar. 3
fam (hit) dar un cachete a.
pt & pp clipped, ger clipping.
clip2 [klIp] n 1 (for papers, etc) clip m; (for
hair) pasador m, clip m. 2 (brooch) bro C
che m, alfiler m de pecho.
clipboard [klIpbd] n inform porta
papeles m.
clippers [klIpz] n pl (for nails) cortaas
m sing; (for hair) maquinilla f sing.
clipping [klIpIN] n (cutting) recorte m de
peridico, recorte m de prensa.
clique [klik] n pej camarilla.
clitoris [klItrIs] n cltoris m.
cloak [klUk] n 1 (garment) capa. 2 fig
(cover) capa, manto.
cloakroom [klUkrUm] n 1 (gen) guar
darropa. 2 gb euph (toilet) lavabo, ser
vicios mpl.
clock [klk] n reloj m (de pared).
P vt 1 (time - athlete, race) cronometrar.
2 (register - speed, time) registrar, hacer.
a to clock in/on vi fichar (al llegar al
trabajo).
a to clock out/off vi fichar (al salir
del trabajo).
a to clock up vt insep (miles, hours) hacer.
clockwise [klkwaIz] adv en el senti
do de las agujas del reloj.
clog [klg] n (shoe) zueco.
P vt [also clog up] obstruir, atascar.
P vi [also clog up] obstruirse, atascarse.
pt & pp clogged, ger clogging.
cloister [klIstr] n claustro.
clone [klUn] n clon m.
P vt clonar.
close1 [klUz] n 1 (end) fin m, final m. 2
(precincts) recinto.
P vt cerrar.
P vi 1 (gen) cerrar, cerrarse. 2 (end) con
cluir, terminar.
a to close up vi 1 (of wound) cicatrizar,
cerrarse. 2 (shop, etc) cerrar.
close2 [klUs] adj 1 (near) cercano,-a
(to, a), prximo,-a ( to, a). 2 (friend)
ntimo,-a; (relation, family) cercano,-a.
P adv 1 (in position) cerca. 2 (in time) cerca.
closed [klUzd] adj cerrado,-a.
 close-knit
close-knit [klUsnIt] adj unido,-a.
closely [klUslI] adv 1 (connect) estre
chamente, muy. 2 (resemble) mucho.
3 (carefully - watch, listen) atentamente;
(follow) de cerca; (question) a fondo.
closet [klzIt] n us armario.
close-up [klUsp] n primer plano.
closing [klUzIN] n cierre m.
closure [klUZr] n (gen) cierre m; (de-
bate) clausura.
clot [klt] n 1 (of blood) cogulo. 2 gb
fam tonto,-a, bobo,-a.
P vt coagular.
P vi (blood) coagularse; (cream) cuajar.
pt & pp clotted, ger clotting.
cloth [klT] n 1 (fabric) tela; (thick) pao.
2 (rag) trapo.
. Consulta tambin clothes.
clothe [klUD] vt 1 (dress, provide clothes
for) vestir (in/with, de). 2 (cover) reves
tir (in, de), cubrir (in, de).
pt & pp clothed o clad [klQd], ger
clothing.
clothes [klUDz] n pl ropa f sing.
clothing [klUDIN] n ropa.
cloud [klaUd] n nube f.
a to cloud over vi (sky) nublarse; (face,
eyes) empaarse.
cloudy [klaUdI] adj 1 (sky, weather, day)
nublado,-a. 2 (liquid) turbio,-a.
comp cloudier, superl cloudiest.
clout [klaUt] n 1 fam tortazo. 2 fam (in-
fluence) influencia, peso.
clove1 [klUv] n (spice) clavo.
clove2 [klUv] n (of garlic) diente f.
clover [klUvr] n trbol m.
cloverleaf [klUvlif] n bot hoja de
trbol.
clown [klaUn] n payaso, clown m.
club [klb] n 1 (gen) club m. 2 (stick) po
rra. 3 sp (in golf) palo. 5 (in cards - English
pack) trbol m; (- Spanish pack) basto.
cluck [klk] n cloqueo.
P vi cloquear.
clue [klU] n pista.
clump [klmp] n 1 (of trees) grupo; (of
plants) mata, macizo. 2 (of earth) te
rrn m.
70
clumsy [klmzI] adj 1 (gen) torpe. 2
(tool, shape) pesado,-a y difcil de ma
nejar; (furniture) mal diseado,-a.
comp clumsier, superl clumsiest.
clung [klN] pt & pp cling.
cluster [klstr] n (of trees, stars, buildings,
people) grupo; (of berries, grapes) raci
mo; (of plants) macizo.
P vi agruparse, apiarse (round, alre
dedor de/en torno a).
clutch [kltS] n 1 auto embrague m. 2
(grasp, grip) agarrn m.
P vt (seize) agarrar; (hold tightly) estre
char, apretar.
clutter [kltr] n (things) cosas fpl, tras
tos mpl; (untidy state) desorden m.
P vt [also to clutter up] llenar, atestar,
abarrotar.
cm [siem] symb (centimetre) centme
tro; (symbol) cm.
coach [kUtS] n 1 gb (bus) autocar m. 2
(carriage) carruaje m, coche m de caba
llos. 3 (on train) coche m, vagn m. 4
educ (tutor) profesor,-ra particular. 5
sp (trainer) entrenador,-ra.
P vt 1 educ dar clases particulares a,
preparar. 2 sp entrenar.
coagulate [kUQgjleIt] vt coagular.
P vi coagularse.
coagulation [kUQgjleISn] n coagu
lacin f.
coal [kUl] n carbn m, hulla.
coalition [kUlISn] n coalicin f.
coarse [ks] adj 1 (fabric) basto,-a; (skin)
spero,-a; (sand, salt) grueso,-a. 2 (lan-
guage, joke) grosero,-a, vulgar.
coast [kUst] n costa, litoral m.
P vi (in car) ir en punto muerto; (on bi-
cycle) ir sin pedalear.
coastal [kUstl] adj costero,-a.
coastguard [kUstgAd] n guardacos
tas mf.
coat [kUt] n 1 (overcoat) abrigo; (short)
chaquetn m. 2 (of paint) capa, mano f;
(of dust) capa. 3 (of animal) pelo, pelaje m.
P vt 1 cubrir (in/with, de).
coating [kUtIN] n 1 culin capa, bao.
2 (of paint, dust, wax) capa; (of metal) re
vestimiento.

coax [kUks] vt (person) engatusar.
coaxial [kUQkSl] adj coaxial.
cob [kb] n (of corn) mazorca (de
maz).
cobble [kbl] n adoqun m.
P vt (street) adoquinar.
cobblestone [kblstUn] n adoqun m.
cobweb [kbweb] n telaraa.
cocaine [kkeIn] n cocana.
coccyx [kksIks] n coxis m, cccix m.
pl coccyxes o coccyges.
cochineal [ktSInil] n cochinilla.
cochlea [kklI] n caracol m del odo.
cock [kk] n 1 (rooster) gallo; (any male
bird) macho. 2 (on firearm) percutor m.
cockle [kkl] n berberecho.
Cockney [kknI] adj del barrio obrero del es-
te de Londres.
P n 1 (person) persona del barrio obrero del este
de Londres. 2 (dialect) dialecto que se habla en
el barrio obrero del este de Londres.
cockpit [kkpIt] n (in plane) cabina del
piloto, carlinga; (in racing car) cabina.
cockroach [kkrUtS] n cucaracha.
cocktail [kkteIl] n cctel m.
cocoa [kUkU] n (powder) cacao; (drink)
chocolate m.
coconut [kUknt] n coco.
cocoon [kkUn] n capullo.
vt fig envolver, arropar.
P
cod [kd] n bacalao.
pl cod.
code [kUd] n 1 (gen) cdigo. 2 (tele-
phone) prefijo; (postal) cdigo (postal).
P vt poner en clave, cifrar.
codification [kUdIfIkeISn] n codifi
cacin f.
codify [kUdIfaI] vt codificar.
pt & pp codified, ger codifying.
coeducation [kUedjkeISn] n ense
anza mixta.
coefficient [kUIfISnt] n coeficiente m.
coexist [kUIgzIst] vi coexistir.
coffee [kfI] n caf m.
coffeepot [kfIpt] n cafetera.
coffer [kfr] n arca, cofre m.
coffin [kfIn] n atad m, fretro.
71 collapsible
cog [kg] n 1 (on wheel) diente m. 2 fig
pieza.
cogent [kUdZnt] adj convincente,
contundente.
cognac [knjQk] n coac m.
cognitive [kgnItIv] adj cognitivo,-a. C
coherent [kUhIrnt] adj coherente.
coil [kIl] n 1 (of rope, wire) rollo; (of cable)
carrete m ; (of hair) rizo, moo; (of
smoke) espiral m, voluta. 2 (single loop)
vuelta, lazada. 3 tech bobina.
P vt [also to coil up] enrollar.
coin [kIn] n moneda.
P vt acuar.
coincide [kUInsaId] vi coincidir
(with, con).
coincidence [kUInsIdns] n coinci
dencia, casualidad f.
Coke [kUk] n Coca Cola.
coke [kUk] n (coal) coque m.
colander [klndr] n colador m.
cold [kUld] adj fro,-a.
P n 1 (weather) fro. 2 med resfriado,
catarro, constipado. c o m p cold cuts us
embutidos mpl, fiambres mpl.
cold-blooded [kUldbldId] adj 1 zool
de sangre fra. 2 fig (person) fro,-a,
insensible; (crime) a sangre fra.
coleslaw [kUlsl] n ensaladilla de
col y zanahoria.
colic [klIk] n clico.
coliseum [klIsim] n coliseo.
collaborate [klQbreIt] vi colaborar
(with, con).
collaborator [klQbreIt r ] n 1
colaborador,-ra. 2 (with enemy) cola
boracionista mf.
collage [klAdZ] n art collage m.
collapse [klQps] n 1 (falling down) de
rrumbamiento; (falling in) hundimien
to. 2 (failure, breakdown) fracaso. 3 (pric-
es, currency) cada en picado; (business,
company) quiebra. 4 med colapso.
P vi 1 (building, bridge, etc) derrumbarse,
desplomarse; (roof) hundirse, venirse
abajo. 2 med (person) sufrir un colapso.
P vt (table) plegar.
collapsible [klQpsbl] adj plegable.
 collar
collar [kl ] n 1 (of shirt, etc) cuello. 2
r
(for dog) collar m. 3 tech collar m, abra
zadera.
P vt fam pescar, pillar.
, Collar no significa collar (de perso
na), que se traduce por necklace.
collarbone [klbUn] n clavcula.
collateral [klQtrl] adj colateral. l o c
collateral damage daos mpl colatera
les.
colleague [klig] n colega mf ,
compaero,-a.
collect [klekt] vt 1 (glasses, plates, belong-
ings, etc) recoger; (information, data) reunir,
recopilar. 2 (stamps, records, etc) coleccio
nar. 3 (taxes) recaudar; (rent) cobrar. 4
(pick up, fetch) ir a buscar, recoger.
P vi 1 (dust, water) acumularse; (people)
reunirse, congregarse. 2 (for charity)
recaudar dinero, hacer una colecta.
collection [klekSn] n 1 (of stamps, paint-
ings, etc) coleccin f; (of poems, short stories)
recopilacin f; (of people) grupo. 2 (range
of new clothes) coleccin f. 3 (for charity) co
lecta. 4 (of mail, of refuse) recogida. 5 (of
taxes) recaudacin f; (of rent) cobro.
collective [klektIv] adj colectivo,-a.
P n (enterprise) cooperativa.
collector [klektr] n 1 (of stamps, etc)
coleccionista mf. 2 (of rent, debts, tickets)
cobrador,-ra.
college [klIdZ] n 1 (for higher education)
escuela, instituto mf. 2 us (university)
universidad f, facultad f. 3 gb (within
university) colegio universitario.
, College no significa colegio (de ni
os), que se traduce por school.
collide [klaId] vi chocar.
colliery [kljrI] n mina de carbn.
pl collieries.
collision [klIZn] n (between cars, trains,
etc) colisin f, choque m; (between ships)
abordaje m.
colloquial [klUkwIl] adj coloquial.
cologne [klUn] n colonia.
Colombia [klmbI] n Colombia.
Colombian [klmbIn] adj & n co
lombiano,-a.
72
colon1 [kUln] n anat colon m.
colon2 [kUln] n ling dos puntos mpl.
colonel [knl] n coronel m.
colonial [klUnIl] adj colonial.
P n colono,-a.
colonialism [klUnIlIz m] n colo
nialismo.
colonist [klnIst] n (inhabitant) colono;
(colonizer) colono,-a, colonizador,-ra.
colonize [klnaIz] vt colonizar.
colony [klnI] n (gen) colonia.
pl colonies.
color [klr] n us colour.
colossal [klsl] adj colosal.
colossus [klss] n coloso.
colour [klr] n color m.
P adj (television, film, etc) en color.
P vt 1 (with pen, paint, crayon) pintar, co
lorear; (dye) teir. 2 fig (affect negatively,
influence) influir en.
P vi 1 (blush) ruborizarse, sonrojarse,
ponerse rojo,-a. 2 (of leaves) ponerse
amarillo,-a; (fruit) coger color.
P n pl colours gb (worn by team, school) co
lores mpl; mil (flag) bandera, ensea.
a to colour in vt sep pintar, colorear.
colour-blind [klblaInd] adj dal
tnico,-a.
coloured [kld] adj de color, de colo
res.
colourful [klfUl] adj 1 (full of colour,
bright) lleno,-a de color, vistoso,-a;
(brightly coloured) de colores vivos. 2
(person) pintoresco,-a.
colouring [klrIN] n 1 (substance, dye)
colorante m. 2 (persons skin, hair and eye
colour) color m. 3 (of animals skin, fur, plum-
age) color m.
colourless [klls] adj 1 (without colour)
incoloro,-a, sin color; (pale) plido,-a.
2 fig (dull, uninteresting) soso,-a, ano
dino,-a, gris.
colt [kUlt] n potro.
column [klm] n (gen) columna.
columnist [klmnIst] n columnista mf.
coma [kUm] n med coma m. l o c to
go into a coma caer en coma, entrar
en coma.

comb [kUm] n 1 (for hair) peine m. 2 (for
wool, cotton) carda. 3 (of bird) cresta. 4 (of
honeycomb) panal m.
P vt 1 (hair) peinar. 2 (wool, cotton) cardar,
peinar. 3 (search - area) rastrear, peinar.
combat [kmbQt] n combate m.
P vt combatir, luchar contra.
combination [kmbIneISn] n combi
nacin f.
combine [(vb) kmbaIn; (n) kmbaIn] vt
combinar.
P vi (gen) combinarse; (teams, forces)
unirse; (companies) fusionarse.
P n comm grupo industrial, asocia
cin f.
combined [kmbaInd] adj comb i
nado,-a, conjunto,-a.
combustible [kmbstIbl] adj com
bustible, inflamable.
combustion [kmbstSn] n combus
tin f.
come [km] vi 1 (gen) venir. 2 (arrive,
reach) llegar. 3 (happen) suceder.
P vt (behave, play the part) hacerse: dont
come the innocent with me no te hagas el
inocente conmigo.
a to come about vi (happen) ocurrir,
suceder.
a to come across vt insep (thing) encon
trar, tropezar con.
P vi 1 (be understood) ser comprendido,
-a. 2 (make an impression) causar una
impresin.
a to come after vt insep seguir.
a to come along vi 1 (progress) ir, mar
char. 2 (hurry up) darse prisa. 3 (arrive)
venir, llegar; (appear) aparecer.
a to come back vi 1 (return) volver (from,
de). 2 (remember) volver a la memoria. 3
(return to topic, question, idea) volver (to, a);
(reply, retort) replicar, contestar.
a to come before vt insep 1 jur compa
recer ante. 2 (be more important than) ser
ms importante que.
a to come down vi 1 (gen) bajar; (col-
lapse) caerse, hundirse, venirse aba
jo; (fall - rain, snow) caer. 2 (plane - land)
aterrizar; (- fall) caer.
a to come down with vt insep (illness)
caer enfermo,-a de, contraer, pescar.
73 coming
a to come in vi (enter) entrar.
a to come on vi 1 (make progress) avan
zar. 2 (hurry up) darse prisa.
a to come out vi 1 (leave) salir (of, de);
(tooth, hair) caerse; (stain) salir, quitarse;
(colour, dye) desteirse. 2 (sun, moon, stars) C
salir. 3 (new book, record, magazine, figures)
salir, publicarse; (film) estrenarse.
a to come through vt insep (operation, ac-
cident) sobrevivir, salir con vida de;
(illness) recuperarse de; (difficult period)
pasar por, atravesar.
a to come up to vt insep 1 (equal) alcan
zar, llegar a, estar a la altura de. 2 (ap-
proach - in space) acercarse a; (- in time)
ser casi.
a to come up with vt insep (idea) tener,
ocurrirse; (solution) encontrar; (plan)
idear; (proposal) presentar, plantear.
a to come upon vt insep encontrarse
con, encontrar.
pt came [keIm], pp come[km], ger
coming.
comeback [kmbQk] n 1 fam (of person)
reaparicin f, vuelta, retorno. 2 (way
of obtaining compensation) reclamacin f.
3 (reply) rplica, respuesta.
comedian [kmidIn] n cmico, hu
morista m.
comedienne [kmidIen] n cmica,
humorista.
comedy [kmdI] n comedia.
pl comedies.
comet [kmIt] n cometa m.
comfort [kmft] n 1 (well-being) co
modidad f, confort m, bienestar m. 2
(thing, luxury) comodidad f. 3 (consola-
tion) consuelo.
P vt consolar.
comfortable [kmftbl] adj 1 (furni-
ture, clothes, etc) cmodo,-a. 2 (life)
desahogado,-a, acomodado,-a.
comforting [kmftIN] adj reconfor
tante.
comic [kmIk] adj cmico,-a.
P n 1 (comedian) cmico,-a, humorista
mf. 2 (magazine) historieta, cmic m.
coming [kmIN] adj (gen) prximo,-a;
(generation) venidero,-a, futuro,-a.
P n llegada.
comma
comma [km] n coma. loc inverted
comma comilla.
command [kmAnd] n 1 (order) orden f.
2 (control, authority) mando. 3 (knowledge,
mastery) dominio. 4 inform comando,
instruccin f.
P vt 1 (order) mandar, ordenar. 2 mil
(have authority over) estar al mando de,
comandar.
commander [kmAndr] n 1 mil co
mandante m. 2 mar capitn m de fra
gata.
commanding [kmAndIN] adj 1 (voice,
manner, appearance) autoritario,-a. 2 (po-
sition) dominante, de superioridad.
commandment [kmAndmnt] n rel
mandamiento.
commando [kmAndU] n comando.
pl commandos o commandoes.
commemorate [kmemreIt] vt con
memorar.
commend [kmend] vt (praise) alabar
(for, por), elogiar (for, por); (recom-
mend) recomendar.
comment [kment] n comentario,
observacin f. l o c no comment sin
comentarios.
P vt comentar, observar.
commentary [kmntrI] n 1 (spoken
description) comentario, comentarios
mpl. 2 (set of written remarks) comentario,
crtica.
pl commentaries.
commentator [kmnteIt r ] n co
mentarista mf.
commerce [kms] n comercio.
commercial [kmSl] adj comercial.
P n (advertisement) anuncio, spot m pu
blicitario.
commercialization [kmSlaIzeISn]
n comercializacin f.
commercialize [kmS laIz] vt co
mercializar.
commission [kmIS
n] n 1 comm co
misin f. 2 (piece of work) encargo.
P vt (order) encargar.
commissioner [kmISnr] n 1 (public
official) comisario. 2 (member of a com-
mission) comisionado,-a.
74
commit [kmIt] vt 1 (crime, error, sin) co
meter. 2 (send to prison, etc) internar. 3
(bind) comprometer, obligar; (pledge)
asignar, consignar, destinar.
pt & pp committed, ger committing.
commitment [kmItmnt] n 1 (under-
taking, obligation) compromiso, obliga
cin f; (responsibility) responsabilidad f.
2 (dedication) dedicacin f, entrega.
committed [kmItId] adj (to a cause)
comprometido,-a; (dedicated) dedi
cado,-a, entregado,-a.
committee [kmItI] n comit m
commode [kmUd] n cmoda.
commodity [kmdItI] n 1 comm pro
ducto, artculo, mercanca. 2 fin ma
teria prima.
pl commodities.
, Commodity no significa comodi
dad, que se traduce por comfort.
common [kmn] adj 1 (ordinary, aver-
age) corriente. 2 (usual, not scarce) co
mn, corriente. 3 (shared, joint) co
mn. 4 pej (vulgar) ordinario,-a.
P n (land) tierras fpl comunales.
commoner [kmnr] n plebeyo,-a.
commonplace [kmnpleIs] adj co
mn, corriente.
P n (platitude) lugar m comn, tpico.
Commons [kmnz] n pl the Commons
gb los Comunes. c o m p the House of
Commons la Cmara de los Comunes.
" La Cmara de los Comunes britnica
es el equivalente al Congreso espaol y es
el rgano legislativo ms importante del
Reino Unido.
Commonwealth [kmnwelT] n gb
Commonwealth f.
" La Commonwealth es una organiza
cin compuesta por 53 naciones con fuer
tes vnculos con el Reino Unido por haber
pertenecido en algn momento de su his
toria al Imperio britnico.
commotion [kmUSn] n (scandal) es
cndalo; (noise, excitement) alboroto,
jaleo; (confusion) confusin f.
 75 competence
communal [kmjn l] adj (shared) comu

comparable [kmp rbl] adj compa

nal; (of a community) comunitario,-a. rable (to, a) (with, con).

commune [kmjUn] n comuna. comparative [kmpQrtIv] adj 1 (rela-
communicate [kmjUnIkeIt] vt 1 tive) relativo,-a. 2 (making a comparison)
(make known, convey) comunicar. 2 med comparado,-a. 3 ling comparativo,-a.
transmitir, contagiar. P n ling comparativo. C
P vi comunicarse (with, con). compare [kmper] vt comparar (to/
communication [kmjUnIkeISn] n 1 with, con).
(gen) comunicacin f. 2 (message) co comparison [kmpQrIsn] n compa
municado. racin f.
P n pl communications comunicacio
compartment [kmpAtmnt] n (in
nes fpl. wallet, fridge, desk) compartimento; (in
communicative [kmjUnIktIv] adj train) departamento, compartimento.
comunicativo,-a. compass [kmps] n 1 (magnetic) brju
communion [kmjUnjn] n fml co la, comps m: the points of the compass
munin f. los puntos cardinales. 2 [se usa como sing
P n Communion rel Comunin f. or pl] (for drawing) comps m: a pair of
communiqu [kmjUnIkeI] n comu compasses, a compass un comps. c o m p
nicado. compass rose rosa de los vientos.
communism [kmjnIzm] n comu compassion [kmpQS n] n compa
nismo. sin f.
communist [kmjnIst] adj comunista. compassionate [kmpQS nt] adj
P n comunista mf. compasivo,-a.
community [kmjUnItI] n comuni compatibility [kmpQtbIlItI] n
dad f. compatibilidad f.
pl communities.
compatible [kmpQtIbl] adj compa
commute [kmjUt] vi desplazarse
tible (with, con).
diariamente al lugar de trabajo.
compatriot [kmpQtrIt] n compa
P vt conmutar.
triota mf.
commuter [kmjUtr] n persona que
se desplaza diariamente a su lugar compel [kmpel] vt 1 (force) obligar. 2
de trabajo. c o m p the commuter belt fig (inspire) infundir, inspirar.
los barrios mpl perifricos. pt & pp compelled, ger compelling.
compact [(adj-vb) kmpQkt; (n) km- compensate [kmpnseIt] vt 1 (recom-
pQkt] adj (gen) compacto,-a; (style) pense, indemnify) indemnizar (for, por),
conciso,-a. compensar ( for, por). 2 (counterbal-
P n 1 (for powder) polvera de bolsillo.
ance) compensar.
P vi compensar (for, -).
2 us coche m utilitario.
P vt compactar, comprimir. compensation [kmpnseIS n] n 1
companion [kmpQnjn] n 1 (partner, (money, damages) indemnizacin f (for,
friend) compaero,-a. 2 (person em- por). 2 (way of compensating) compen
ployed) persona de compaa. 3 (either sacin f (for, por).
of pair or set) compaero,-a, pareja. compere [kmper] n gb presentador,
companionship [kmpQnjnSIp] n -ra.
compaerismo, camaradera. P vt gb presentar.

company [kmpnI] n 1 (companionship) compete [kmpit] vi (try to win) dispu

compaa. 2 (visitors) visita. 3 (business) tarse; (take part in) competir, participar.
empresa, compaa, sociedad f. 4 competence [kmpItns] n 1 (ability)
theat compaa. 5 mil compaa. competencia, capacidad f, aptitud f:
pl companies. a fair level of competence in German un
 competent
buen nivel de alemn. 2 jur (legal author-
ity) competencia.
, Competence no significa compe
tencia (en el mercado), que se traduce por
competition.
competent [kmpItnt] adj 1 (person)
competente; (work, novel, etc) acepta
ble, bastante bien. 2 jur competente.
competition [kmptIS n] n 1 (gen)
concurso; (race, sporting event) compe
ticin f. 2 (rivalry) competencia.
competitive [kmpetItIv] adj compe
titivo,-a.
competitor [kmpetItr] n 1 comm (ri-
val) competidor,-ra, rival mf. 2 sp (in
race, etc) participante mf ; (opponent)
contrincante mf. 3 (in quiz, etc) concur
sante mf, participante mf; (in competitive
examination) opositor,-ra.
compilation [kmpIleISn] n 1 (gen)
compilacin f. 2 (record, etc) recopila
cin f.
compile [kmpaIl] vt 1 (produce book, list,
etc) compilar; (collect information) reco
pilar. 2 comput compilar.
complain [kmpleIn] vi quejarse
(about/of, de).
complaint [kmpleInt] n 1 (gen) queja
(about, de); (formal) reclamacin f. 2
med enfermedad f (leve), achaque m.
complement [kmplImnt] n (gen)
complemento (to, de).
P vt complementar.
complementary [kmplImentrI] adj
(gen) complementario,-a.
complete [kmplit] adj 1 (entire)
completo,-a. 2 (finished) acabado,-a,
terminado,-a.
P vt 1 (make whole) completar. 2 (finish)
acabar, terminar. 3 (fill in - form) rellenar.
completion [kmpliSn] n (act, state) fi
nalizacin f, terminacin f.
complex [kmpleks] adj complejo,-a.
P n complejo.
complexion [kmplekSn] n (quality of
skin) cutis m; (colour or tone of skin) tez f.
, Complexion no significa complexin
(fsica), que se traduce por constitution.
76
complexity [kmpleksItI] n compleji
dad f.
pl complexities.
complicate [kmplIkeIt] vt complicar.
complicated [ k m p l I k e I t I d ] adj
complicado,-a.
complication [kmplIkeISn] n com
plicacin f.
P n pl complications med complicacio
nes fpl.
complicity [kmplIsItI] n complici
dad f (in, en).
compliment [kmplImnt] vt felicitar
(on, por).
P n (praise) cumplido, halago.
P n pl compliments saludos mpl, felici
taciones fpl.
comply [kmplaI] vi (order) obedecer
(with, -), cumplir (with, con); (request)
acceder (with, a); (law) acatar (with, -);
(standards) cumplir (with, con).
pt & pp complied, ger complying.
component [kmpUnnt] adj com
ponente.
P n 1 (gen) componente m. 2 auto pie
za.
compose [kmpUz] vt 1 (music, poem)
componer; (letter) redactar. 2 (consti-
tute) componer. 3 (ones thoughts) poner
en orden.
P vi mus componer.
composed [kmpUzd] adj (calm)
sereno,-a, sosegado,-a, tranqui
lo,-a.
composer [kmpUz r] n composi
tor,-ra.
composite [kmpzIt] adj compues
to,-a.
P n combinacin f, conjunto.
composition [kmpzISn] n 1 (gen)
composicin f. 2 (essay) redaccin f.
3 (substance) mezcla.
compost [kmpst] n abono orgni
co, abono vegetal, compost m.
composure [kmpUZr] n calma, se
renidad f, compostura.
compound 1 [ (adj-n) kmpaUnd ; (vb)
kmpaUnd] adj compuesto,-a.
P n 1 chem compuesto. 2 (substance)
mezcla. 3 ling palabra compuesta.

P vt 1 (mix) componer, combinar,
mezclar. 2 (worsen, exacerbate - problem)
agravar; (- difficulty) aumentar.
compound2 [kmpaUnd] n (enclosed ar-
ea) recinto.
comprehend [kmprIhend] vt 1 (under-
stand) comprender. 2 fml (include)
comprender, abarcar.
comprehensible [kmprIhensbl] adj
comprensible.
comprehension [kmprIhenS n] n
comprensin f.
comprehensive [kmprIhensIv] adj
(thorough) detallado,-a, global, com
pleto,-a; (broad) amplio,-a, extenso,-a.
, Comprehensive no significa com
prensivo (tolerante), que se traduce por
understanding.
compress [(n) kmpres; (vb) kmpres] n
compresa.
P vt 1 (air, straw) comprimir. 2 (text, ar-
gument, speech) condensar.
compressibility [kmprsIbIlItI] n
compresibilidad f.
compression [kmpreSn] n compre
sin f.
compressor [kmpres ] n compresor m.
r
comprise [kmpraIz] vt (consist of, be
made up of) comprender, constar de;
(constitute, form) componer, constituir.
compromise [kmprmaIz] n acuerdo
mutuo, solucin f de compromiso.
P vi llegar a un acuerdo, transigir.
P vt (endanger, weaken) comprometer.
, Compromise no significa com
promiso (obligacin o promesa de matri
monio), que se traducen por commit-
ment y engagement.
compulsion [kmplS n] n 1 (force)
obligacin f, coaccin f. 2 (urge) com
pulsin f.
compulsive [kmplsIv] adj 1 (compel-
ling, fascinating) fascinante, irresisti
ble, absorbente. 2 (obsessive) obsesi
vo,-a.
compulsory [kmplsrI] adj (subject,
military service) obligatorio,-a; (retirement,
redundancy) forzoso,-a.
77 concern
computation [kmpjUteIS n] n clcu
lo, cmputo.
compute [kmpjUt] vt computar, cal
cular.
computer [kmpjUtr] n ordenador m,
computadora. C
computerization [kmpjUtraIzeISn]
n (of data) computerizacin f; (of system,
business) informatizacin f.
computerize [kmpjUtraIz] vt (data)
computarizar, computerizar; (sys-
tem, business) informatizar.
computing [kmpjUtIN] n informtica.
comrade [kmreId] n pol camarada mf,
compaero,-a.
con1 [kn] n fam estafa, timo.
P vt fam (money) estafar, timar; (person)
embaucar, engaar.
pt & pp conned, ger conning.
con2 [kn] n (disadvantage) contra m.
. Consulta tambin pro.
concave [knkeIv] adj cncavo,-a.
concavity [knkQvItI] n concavidad f.
conceal [knsil] vt (gen) ocultar; (facts)
encubrir; (feelings) disimular.
concede [knsid] vt 1 (admit) reconocer,
admitir. 2 (allow, give away) conceder.
P vi ceder, rendirse.
conceit [knsit] n (pride) vanidad f.
conceivable [knsivbl] adj concebi
ble, imaginable.
conceive [knsiv] vt 1 (gen) concebir.
2 (understand) entender.
concentrate [knsntreIt]
P vt (gen) concentrar (on, en).
P vi 1 (person) concentrarse (on, en).
concentration [knsntreISn] n con
centracin f (on, en).
concentric [knsentrIk] adj concn
trico,-a.
concept [knsept] n concepto.
conception [knsepSn] n 1 (of child,
idea, plan) concepcin f. 2 (idea) con
cepto, idea, nocin f.
concern [knsn] n 1 (worry) preocu
pacin f, inquietud f. 2 (interest) inte
rs m; (affair) asunto. 3 comm (company,
business) negocio.
 concerned
P vt 1 (affect, involve) afectar, concernir.
(interest) interesar. 2 (worry) preocupar.
3 (book, film, article, etc) tratar de.
concerned [knsnd] adj (worried)
preocupado,-a (about/for, por).
concerning [knsnIN] prep referente
a, con respecto a, en cuanto a.
concert [knst] n concierto.
concerted [knstId] adj concerta
do,-a, coordinado,-a.
concerto [kntSetU] n concierto.
pl concertos o concerti [kntSetI].
. Concerto se refiere especficamente a
conciertos de msica clsica para uno o va
rios instrumentos solistas y una orquesta.
concession [knseSn] n concesin f
(to, a).
concessionaire [knseSne r ] n
concesionario,-a.
conciliate [knsIlIeIt] vt & vi conciliar.
concise [knsaIs] adj conciso,-a.
concision [knsIZn] n concisin f.
conclude [knklUd] vt 1 (end) concluir,
finalizar. 2 (settle - deal) cerrar; (- agree-
ment) llegar a; (- treaty) firmar. 3 (deduce)
concluir, llegar a la conclusin de.
P vi concluir, terminar.
conclusion [knklUZn] n conclusin f.
conclusive [knklUsIv] adj conclu
yente.
concoct [knkkt] vt 1 (dish, sauce, drink)
confeccionar, preparar. 2 (story, ex-
cuse, explanation) inventar, inventarse.
concord [kNkd] n 1 fml (harmony)
concordia. 2 ling concordancia.
concourse [kNks] n (hall) vestbulo;
(in station) explanada.
, Concourse no significa concurso
(competicin), que se traduce por com-
petition.
concrete [kNkrit] adj 1 (definite, not ab-
stract) concreto,-a. 2 (made of concrete)
de hormign.
P n hormign m.
concur [knk r] vi (agree) estar de
acuerdo, coincidir.
pt & pp concurred, ger concurring.
78
concurrence [knkrns] n acuerdo,
coincidencia.
concussion [knkSn] n med conmo
cin f cerebral.
condemn [kndem] vt condenar.
condemnation [kndemneIS n] n
condena.
condensation [kndenseISn] n chem
(process) condensacin f; (on glass) vaho.
condense [kndens] vt condensar.
condenser [kndensr] n condensa
dor m.
condescend [kndIsend] vi 1 (deign)
condescender, dignarse. 2 (patronize)
tratar con condescendencia.
condescending [kndIsendIN] adj (at-
titude, answer) condescendiente.
condiment [kndImnt] n condimento.
condition [kndISn] n 1 (state) condi
cin f, estado. 2 (requirement, provision)
condicin f. 3 med afeccin f, enfer
medad f.
P vt 1 (determine, accustom) condicionar.
2 (treat - hair) acondicionar, suavizar.
conditional [kndISnl] adj condicio
nal.
P n the conditional ling el condicio
nal m.
conditioner [kndIS n r] n (for hair)
acondicionador m, suavizante m.
condolences [kndUlnsIs] n pl psa
me m sing.
condom [kndm] n condn m, pre
servativo.
condominium [kndmInIm] n 1 pol
condominio. 2 us (apartment block)
bloque m de departamentos; (apart-
ment) apartamento.
condone [kndUn] vt (person) aprobar,
consentir.
condor [kndr] n cndor m.
conducive [kndjUsIv] adj propicio,-a
(to, para).
conduct [(n) kndkt; (vb) kndkt] n 1
(behaviour) conducta, comportamien
to. 2 (management) direccin f, gestin
f, administracin f.
P vt 1 (direct - survey, campaign) llevar a
cabo, realizar; (- business) administrar.

2 (lead, guide) conducir, guiar. 3 (trans-
mit - heat, etc) conducir. 4 mus dirigir.
P vi mus dirigir.
conduction [kndkSn] n phys con
duccin f.
, Conduction no significa conduccin
(de un vehculo), que se traduce por driving.
conductivity [kndktIvitI] n conduc
tividad f.
conductor [kndktr] n 1 (of heat, electric-
ity) conductor m. 2 (of orchestra) direc
tor,-ra de orquesta. 3 (on bus) cobra
dor,-ra. 4 us (on train) jefe,-a de tren.
, Conductor no significa conductor (de
un vehculo), que se traduce por driver.
conductress [kndktrs] n (on bus) co
bradora.
conduit [kndjUIt] n conducto.
cone [kUn] n 1 (shape, for traffic) cono. 2
(for ice cream) cucurucho. 3 bot (fruit of
pine tree) pia.
confectioner [knfekSnr] n confite
ro,-a, pastelero,-a.
confectionery [knfekSnrI] n dulces
mpl.
confederacy [knfedrsI] n confede
racin f.
pl confederacies.
confederation [knfedreISn] n con
federacin f.
confer [knfr] vt (award, grant, bestow)
conferir, conceder.
P vi (consult, discuss) consultar ( with ,
con) (about/on, sobre).
pt & pp conferred, ger conferring.
conference [knfrns] n 1 (large event,
convention) congreso. 2 (meeting) reu
nin f, junta.
, Conference no significa conferencia
(discurso), que se traduce por lecture.
confess [knfes] vt & vi confesar.
confessed [knfest] adj declarado,-a.
confession [knfeSn] n confesin f.
confessional [knfeSnl] n confesio
nario.
confessor [knfesr] n rel confesor m.
confetti [knfetI] n confeti m.
79 confuse
confidant [knfIdQnt] n confidente m.
confidante [knfIdQnt] n confidenta.
confide [knfaId] vt confiar.
a to confide in vi confiar en.
confidence [knfIdns] n 1 (trust, faith)
confianza (in, en), fe f (in, en). 2 (self- C
confidence) confianza, seguridad f. 3 (se-
crecy) confianza. 4 (secret) confidencia.
confident [knfIdnt] adj 1 (certain) se
guro,-a. 2 (self-confident) seguro,-a de
s mismo,-a.
confidential [knfIdenSl] adj confi
dencial.
confine [knfaIn] vt 1 (person) confinar,
recluir; (animal) encerrar. 2 (limit, re-
strict) limitar.
confinement [knfaInmnt] n 1 (im-
prisonment) reclusin f. 2 med (in child-
birth) parto.
confines [knfaInz] n pl lmites mpl,
confines mpl.
confirm [knfm] vt confirmar.
confirmation [knfmeISn] n confir
macin f.
confirmed [knfmd] adj (inveterate)
empedernido,-a.
confiscate [knfIskeIt] vt confiscar.
conflict [ (n) knflIkt ; (vb) knflIkt] n
conflicto.
P vi chocar (with, con), estar en con
flicto (with, con).
conflicting [knflIktIN] adj (evidence, ac-
counts) contradictorio,-a; (opinions, in-
terests) contrario,-a, opuesto,-a.
confluence [knflUns] n confluencia.
conform [knfm] vi 1 (comply with rules,
standards, regulations) ajustarse (to/with,
a), cumplir (to/with, con). 2 (agree, be
consistent with) conformarse (to/with,
con), concordar (with, con). 3 (fit in,
behave like other people) ser conformista.
conformist [knfmIst] adj confor
mista.
P n conformista mf.
conformity [knfmItI] n conformi
dad f.
confront [knfrnt] vt hacer frente a,
enfrentarse a.
confuse [knfjUz] vt confundir.
 confused
confused [knfjUzd] adj 1 (person)
confundido,-a. 2 (mind, ideas, account)
confuso,-a.
confusing [knfjUzIN] adj confuso,-a.
confusion [knfjUZn] n confusin f.
congeal [kndZil] vi (blood) coagular
se; (fat) solidificarse.
congenial [kndZinIl] adj agradable.
congenital [kndZenItl] adj med con
gnito,-a.
congested [kndZestId] adj conges
tionado,-a.
congestion [kndZestSn] n conges
tin f.
conglomerate [(n) knglmrt; (vb)
knglmreIt] n 1 comm conglomerado
(de empresas). 2 geol conglomerado.
congratulate [kngrQtjleIt] vt felici
tar (on, por).
congratulation [kngrQtjleISnz] n
felicitacin f.
P interj congratulations! felicidades!
fpl, enhorabuena!
congregate [kNgrIgeIt] vi congre
garse.
congregation [kNgrIgeIS n] n rel
(people gathered) fieles mpl; (parishioners)
feligreses mpl.
congress [kNgres] n congreso.
P n Congress us el Congreso.
congruent [kNgrUnt] adj math con
gruente.
conic [knIk] adj cnico,-a.
conifer [knIfr] n confera.
conjecture [kndZektSr] n conjetura,
suposicin f.
P vi hacer conjeturas.
conjugal [kndZgl] adj conyugal.
conjugate [kndZgeIt] vt conjugar.
P vi conjugarse.
conjugation [kndZgeISn] n conju
gacin f.
conjunction [kndZNkSn] n conjun
cin f. l o c in conjunction with con
juntamente con.
conjure [kndZr] vi hacer magia, ha
cer juegos de manos.
80
a to conjure up vt sep (evoke - memories)
evocar, traer a la memoria; (summon
- spirits) invocar.
, Conjure no significa conjura (conspi
racin), que se traduce por plot.
conjurer [kndZrr] n mago,-a, pres
tidigitador,-ra.
connect [knekt] vt 1 (gen) conectar. 2
(associate) relacionar, asociar. 3 (on tel-
ephone) poner (with, con).
connection [knekSn] n 1 (gen) co
nexin f. 2 (train, plane) conexin f,
enlace m.
P n pl connections (professional) contac
tos mpl; (relatives) familia, parientes mpl.
connector [knektr] n conector m.
connoisseur [knsr] n entendido,-a,
conocedor,-ra.
connotation [knteISn] n connota
cin f.
conquer [kNkr] vt (country, mountain,
heart) conquistar; (enemy, fear) vencer.
conqueror [kNkr r] n conquista
dor,-ra, vencedor,-ra.
conquest [kNkwest] n conquista.
consanguinity [knsQNgwInItI] n
consanguinidad f.
conscience [knSns] n conciencia.
conscientious [knSIenSs] adj (work)
concienzudo,-a; (person) aplicado,-a,
serio,-a.
conscientiousness [knSIenSsns] n
escrupulosidad f.
conscious [knSs] adj 1 med cons
ciente. 2 (aware) consciente. 3 (inten-
tional, deliberate) deliberado,-a.
conscript [(n) knskrIpt; (vb) knskrIpt]
n recluta.
P vt reclutar.
conscription [knskrIpSn] n servicio
militar obligatorio.
consecrate [knsIkreIt] vt consagrar.
consecutive [knsekjtIv] adj con
secutivo,-a.
consensus [knsenss] n consenso.
consent [knsent] n consentimiento.
P vi consentir (to, en), acceder (to, en).

consequence [knsIkwns] n 1 (result)
consecuencia. 2 (importance) impor
tancia, trascendencia.
consequent [knsIkwnt] adj consi
guiente.
conservation [knsveISn] n conser
vacin f.
conservationist [knsveIS nIst] n
ecologista mf.
conservatism [knsvtIzm] n pol
conservadurismo.
conservative [knsvtIv] adj 1 (tradi-
tional) conservador,-ra. 2 (cautious)
cauteloso,-a, prudente.
P n (traditionalist) conservador,-ra.
P adj Conservative pol conservador,-ra.
P n Conservative pol conservador,-ra.
conservatoire [knsvtwAr] n con
servatorio.
conservatory [knsvtrI] n 1 mus con
servatorio. 2 (greenhouse) invernadero.
pl conservatories.
conserve [knsv] vt (nature, wildlife,
etc) conservar, proteger; (save) con
servar, ahorrar.
P n culin (jam) confitura.
consider [knsIdr] vt considerar.
considerable [knsIdrbl] adj consi
derable.
considerate [knsId rt] adj con
siderado,-a, atento,-a.
consideration [knsIdreISn] n 1 (gen)
consideracin f. 2 (factor to consider)
factor m a tener en cuenta.
considering [knsIdrIN] prep tenien
do en cuenta.
P conj teniendo en cuenta que.
P adv despus de todo.
consign [knsaIn] vt 1 comm (send -
goods) consignar. 2 fml (entrust) confiar.
consignment [knsaInmnt] n comm
remesa, envo.
consist [knsIst] vi 1 fml (have as chief
element) consistir (in, en). 2 (comprise, be
composed of) constar ( of , de), estar
compuesto,-a (of, de).
consistency [knsIstnsI] n (of actions,
behaviour, policy) coherencia, lgica. 2
(of mixture) consistencia.
81 constituency
consistent [knsIstnt] adj (of person,
behaviour, beliefs) coherente (with, con),
consecuente (with, con); (denial, im-
provement) constante.
consolation [knsleISn] n consuelo.
console1 [knsUl] n (electrical) consola; C
(video games) consola.
console2 [knsUl] vt consolar.
consolidate [knslIdeIt] vt 1 (gen)
consolidar. 2 comm (merge) fusionar.
consolidation [knslIdeISn] n 1 (gen)
consolidacin f. 2 comm fusin f.
consomm [knsmeI] n consom m.
consonant [knsnnt] n consonante f.
conspicuous [knspIkjUs] adj (clothes)
llamativo,-a; (mistake, difference, lack)
evidente, obvio,-a.
conspiracy [knspIrsI] n conspira
cin f: a conspiracy to murder una conspi
racin de asesinato.
pl conspiracies.
conspirator [knspIrt r ] n cons
pirador,-ra.
conspire [knspaIr] vi conspirar.
constable [knstb l] n polica mf,
guardia mf, agente mf (de polica).
constabulary [knstQbjlrI] n gb po
lica.
pl constabularies.
constant [knstnt] adj 1 (gen) cons
tante. 2 (unchanging) constante.
P n constante f.
constellation [knstleISn] n conste
lacin f.
consternation [knstneISn] n cons
ternacin f.
constipated [knstIpeItId] adj estre
ido,-a.
, To be constipated no significa estar
constipado (acattarrado), que se traduce
por to have a cold.
constipation [knstIpeISn] n estrei
miento.
, Constipation no significa constipa
do (catarro), que se traduce por cold.
constituency [knstItjUnsI] n cir
cunscripcin f, distrito electoral.
pl constituencies.
constituent
constituent [knstItjUnt] adj consti
tuyente.
P n (component) componente m.
constitute [knstItjUt] vt constituir.
constitution [knstItjUSn] n 1 (gen)
constitucin f. 2 (of person) constitu
cin f, complexin f.
constitutional
[knstItjUSn l] adj
constitucional.
constrain [knstreIn] vt 1 (oblige, force)
constreir, obligar, forzar. 2 (restrict,
hold back) contener.
constraint [knstreInt] n 1 (compulsion,
coercion) coaccin f, obligacin f. 2 (re-
striction) restriccin f, limitacin f.
constrict [knstrIkt] vt 1 (blood vessels)
estrangular; (breathing, movement) difi
cultar; (neck) apretar, oprimir. 2 fig
(action, behaviour) limitar, coartar.
construct [knstrkt] vt construir.
construction [knstrkSn] n 1 (gen)
construccin f. 2 fig (meaning) inter
pretacin f.
constructive [knstrktIv] adj cons
tructivo,-a.
constructor [knstrktr] n construc
tor,-ra.
construe [knstrU] vt interpretar.
consul [knsl] n cnsul mf.
consulate [knsjlt] n consulado.
consult [knslt] vt consultar.
P vi consultar.
consultant [knsltnt] n 1 (expert, ad-
visor) asesor,-ra, consultor,-ra. 2 gb
(doctor) especialista mf.
consultation [knslteISn] n consulta.
consulting [knsltIN] adj (architect, en-
gineer) asesor,-ra, consultor,-ra. c o m p
consulting room med consulta.
consume [knsjUm] vt consumir.
consumer [knsjUm r ] n consu
midor,-ra.
consummate [ (adj) knsmt ; (vb)
knsmeIt] adj fml consumado,-a.
P vt fml consumar.
consumption [knsmpSn] n consumo.
contact [kntQkt] n contacto. c o m p
contact lenses lentes fpl de contacto.
P vt ponerse en contacto con.
82
contagion [knteIdZn] n contagio.
contagious [knteIdZs] adj conta
gioso,-a.
contain [knteIn] vt contener.
container [knteInr] n 1 (receptacle) re
cipiente m; (packaging) envase m. 2 (for
transporting goods) contenedor m, con
tiner m.
containment [knteInmnt] n con
tencin f.
contaminate [kntQmIneIt] vt conta
minar.
contamination [kntQmIneIS n] n
contaminacin f.
contemplate [kntempleIt] vt con
templar.
contemporaneous [kntempreI -
nIs] adj fml contemporneo,-a.
contemporary [kntemp rrI] adj
contemporneo,-a.
P n contemporneo,-a.
pl contemporaries.
contempt [kntempt] n desprecio,
desdn m, menosprecio.
contemptible [kntemptbl] adj des
preciable.
contend [kntend] vi 1 (compete) con
tender, competir. 2 (deal with, struggle
against) enfrentarse a, lidiar con.
P vt (claim, state) sostener, afirmar.
contender [kntendr] n contendien
te mf (for, por).
content1 [kntent] n contenido.
P n pl contents contenido m sing.
content2 [kntent] adj contento,-a,
satisfecho,-a: hes content to watch the
match at home se conforma con ver el par
tido en casa.
P n contento.
P vt contentar, satisfacer.
contented [kntentId] adj contento,-a,
satisfecho,-a.
contention [kntenSn] n 1 (opinion, as-
sertion) opinin f. 2 (dispute, disagree-
ment) discusin f, controversia.
contentious [kntenSs] adj pol
mico,-a.
contest [(n) kntest; (vb) kntest] n 1
(competition - gen) concurso; (- sports)

competicin f; (- boxing) combate m. 2
(struggle, attempt) contienda, lucha.
P vt 1 (championship, seat) competir por,
luchar por, disputarse; (election) pre
sentarse como candidato,-a a. 2 (dis-
pute) refutar, rebatir. 3 jur (appeal
against) impugnar.
, To contest no significa contestar,
que se traduce por to answer.
contestant [kntestnt] n (in competition,
quiz, game) concursante mf; (for post, posi-
tion) candidato,-a, aspirante mf.
context [kntekst] n contexto.
contiguous [kntIgjUs] adj conti
guo,-a.
continent [kntInnt] n continente m.
continental [kntInentl] adj conti
nental.
P adj Continental gb europeo,-a.
contingency [kntIndZnsI] n contin
gencia. c o m p contingency plan plan m
de emergencia.
contingent [kntIndZnt] adj contin
gente.
P n contingente m.
continual [kntInjUl] adj continuo,-a,
constante.
continuation [kntInjUeISn] n conti
nuacin f.
continue [kntInjU] vt & vi continuar,
seguir.
continuous [kntInjUs] adj con
tinuo,-a.
contort [kntt] vt (face) contraer.
P vi contraerse.
contortion [kntSn] n contorsin f.
contour [kntUr] n contorno.
contraband [kntrbQnd] n contra
bando.
contraception [kntrsepSn] n anti
concepcin f.
contraceptive [kntrseptIv] adj an
ticonceptivo,-a.
P n anticonceptivo.
contract [(n) kntrQkt; (vb) kntrQkt] n
(gen) contrato; (for public work, services)
contrata.
83 controversy
P vt 1 (place under contract) contratar. 2
(make smaller) contraer. 3 fml (debt, hab-
it, illness) contraer.
contraction [kntrQkSn] n contrac
cin f.
contractor [kntrQktr] n contratista mf. C
contradict [kntrdIkt] vt & vi contra
decir.
contradiction [kntrdIkSn] n con
tradiccin f.
contradictory [kntrdIktrI] adj con
tradictorio,-a.
contraption [kntrQpSn] n fam ca
charro, artefacto, artilugio.
contrary [(adj) kntrrI; (n) kntrerI]
adj 1 (opposite) contrario,-a. 2 (stubborn)
terco,-a, obstinado,-a, tozudo,-a.
P n the contrary lo contrario.
contrast [(n) kntrAst; (vb) kntrAst] n
contraste m.
P vt & vi contrastar.
contribute [kntrIbjUt] vt 1 (money)
contribuir (to, a; towards, para); (ide-
as, information) aportar. 2 (article, poem,
etc) escribir.
P vi 1 (gen) contribuir (to, a; towards,
para); (in discussion) participar (to, en).
2 (to newspaper, magazine, etc) colaborar
(to, en), escribir (to, para).
contributor [kntrIbjtr] n 1 (to charity,
appeal, etc) donante mf. 2 (to newspaper,
magazine, etc) colaborador,-ra.
contrive [kntraIv] vt 1 (way, device) idear,
inventar; (meeting) arreglar; (meal, dress,
etc) improvisar. 2 (manage) conseguir.
contrived [kntraIvd] adj artificial.
control [kntrUl] vt controlar.
P n 1 (power, command) poder m, domi
nio, mando; (authority) autoridad f. 2
(restriction, means of regulating) control m.
3 (place, people in control) control m. 4
(switch, button) botn m, mando. c o m p
control tower torre f de emergencia.
P n pl controls (of vehicle) mandos mpl.
controller [kntrUl r] n 1 (financial)
interventor,-ra. 2 (in broadcasting)
director,-ra de programacin.
controversy [kntrvsI] n contro
versia, polmica.
pl controversies.
contusion
contusion [kntjUZ n] n contusin f.
convalesce [knvles] vi convalecer.
convalescence [knvlesns] n con
valecencia.
convalescent [knvlesnt] adj con
valeciente.
convenience [knvinIns] n conve
niencia, comodidad f. c o m p conveni
ence food plato precocinado.
convenient [knvinInt] adj (time, ar-
rangement) conveniente, oportuno,-a;
(thing) prctico,-a, cmodo,-a.
convent [knvnt] n convento.
convention [knvenS n] n conven
cin f, congreso.
converge [knvdZ] vi (lines, roads)
convergir (on, en), converger (on,
en); (people) reunirse.
conversant [knvs nt] adj fami
liarizado,-a (with, con), versado,-a
(with, en).
conversation [knvseISn] n conver
sacin f.
converse [knvs] adj opuesto,-a,
contrario,-a.
conversion [knvSn] n conversin f
(to, a; into, en).
convert [(vb) knvt; (n) knvt] vt
(gen) convertir (into, en; to, a).
P n rel converso,-a.
convertible [knvtb l] adj (gen)
convertible; (car) descapotable.
P n auto descapotable m.
convex [knveks] adj convexo,-a.
convey [knveI] vt 1 (goods, people, elec-
tricity) transportar, conducir; (sound)
transmitir, llevar. 2 (opinion, feeling,
idea) comunicar, transmitir.
conveyance [knveIns] n 1 (transport)
transporte m. 2 fml (vehicle) vehculo.
3 jur traspaso, transferencia.
conveyor belt [knveIrbelt] n cinta
transportadora.
convict [ (n) knvIkt ; (vb) knvIkt] n
presidiario,-a, recluso,-a.
P vt jur declarar culpable, condenar.
conviction [knvIkSn] n 1 (belief) con
viccin f, creencia. 2 jur condena (for,
por).
convince [knvIns] vt convencer.
84
convincing [knvInsIN] adj convin
cente.
convoy [knvI] n convoy m.
cook [kUk] n cocinero,-a.
P vt (food) guisar, cocinar; (meals) pre
parar, hacer.
cooker [kUkr] n (stove) cocina.
cookery [kUkrI] n cocina: Spanish
cookery cocina espaola. c o m p cookery
book libro de cocina.
cookie [kUkI] n 1 us (biscuit) galleta. 2
(in computing) cookie m & f, galleta.
cooking [kUkIN] n cocina: home cooking
cocina casera.
cool [kUl] adj 1 (gen) fresco,-a. 2 (unfriend-
ly, reserved) fro,-a. 3 (calm) tranquilo,-a,
sereno,-a. 4 fam (great) guay.
coop [kUp] n gallinero.
cooperate [kUpreIt] [also written
co-operate] vi cooperar, colaborar.
coordinate [ (vb) kUdIneIt ; (n)
kUdInt] [also written co-ordi-
nate] vt coordinar.
P n math coordenada.
coordination [kUdIneISn] [also writ
ten co-ordination] n coordinacin f.
cop [kp] n sl (policeman) poli mf.
cope [kUp] vi arreglrselas, poder.
copious [kUpIs] adj copioso,-a,
abundante.
copper [kpr] n 1 (metal) cobre m. 2 gb
fam (coin) penique m, pela, perra. 3 sl
(policeman) poli mf.
copse [kps] n arboleda, bosquecillo.
copulate [kpjleIt] vi copular.
copy [kpI] n 1 (reproduction) copia. 2 (of
book, magazine, etc) ejemplar m.
pl copies.
P vi copiar.
copycat [kpIkQt] n fam copin,-ona.
P adj (crime) inspirado,-a en otro.
copyright [kpIraIt] n copyright m,
derechos mpl de autor.
coral [krl] n coral m.
cord [kd] n 1 (string, rope) cuerda. 2
elec cable m. 3 (corduroy) pana.
cordon [kdn] n cordn m.
corduroy [kdrI] n pana.

core [k ] n 1 (gen) ncleo. 2 (of apple,
r
pear, etc) corazn m.
P adj central, principal, medular.
coriander [krIQndr] n cilantro.
cork [kk] n (material) corcho.
corkscrew [kkskrU] n sacacorchos m.
corm [km] n bulbo.
corn1 [kn] n (gen) cereales mpl; (wheat)
trigo; (oats) avena; (maize) maz m.
corn2 [kn] n med callo.
corncob [knkb] n mazorca de maz.
cornea [knI] n crnea.
corned beef [kndbif] n carne f en
conserva.
corner [knr] n 1 (of street) esquina;
(bend in road) curva; (of table, etc) esquina,
punta. 2 (of room, cupboard, etc) rincn m;
(of mouth) comisura; (of eye) rabillo; (of
page, envelope) ngulo. 3 sp (kick - in foot-
ball) crner m, saque m de esquina.
P vt arrinconar, acorralar; (person)
arrinconar.
cornet [knIt] n 1 mus corneta. 2 gb
(for ice-cream) cucurucho.
cornflakes [knfleIks] npl copos de
maz.
cornice [knIs] n cornisa.
corolla [krl] n corola.
coronation [krneISn] n coronacin f.
coroner [krnr] n juez mf de instruc
cin.
corporal [kprl] n mil cabo.
corporate [kp rt] adj 1 (collective)
colectivo,-a. 2 (of a corporation) de la
empresa, de la compaa.
corporation [kpreISn] n corpora
cin f.
corps [kr] n cuerpo.
pl corps [kz].
corpse [kps] n cadver m.
corpus [kps] adj 1 (of texts) corpus m.
2 anat cuerpo. c o m p anat corpus callo
sum cuerpo calloso.
corpuscle [kps l] n corpsculo,
glbulo.
correct [krekt] adj correcto,-a.
P vt corregir.
85 cosy
correspond [krIspnd] vi 1 (gen) co
rresponderse (with, con). 2 (write) es
cribirse (with, con).
correspondence [krIspndns] n co
rrespondencia.
correspondent [krIspndnt] n co C
rresponsal mf.
corridor [krIdr] n pasillo.
corrode [krUd] vt corroer.
P vi corroerse.
corrosion [krUZn] n 1 (process) corro
sin f. 2 (substance) herrumbre f, orn m.
corrupt [krpt] adj corrompido,-a,
corrupto,-a.
P vt corromper; (bribe) sobornar.
corruption [krpSn] n corrupcin f.
corset [ksIt] n cors m.
cortex [kteks] n corteza.
cos [kUsaIn] abbr (cosine) coseno; (ab-
breviation) cos.
cosine [kUsaIn] n math coseno.
cosmetic [kzmetIk] adj cosmtico,-a.
c o m p cosmetic surgery ciruga esttica.
cosmic [kzmIk] adj csmico,-a.
cosmonaut [kzmnt] n cosmonau
ta mf.
cosmopolitan [kzmplItn] adj cos
mopolita.
cosmos [kzms] n cosmos m.
cost [kst] vt costar, valer.
pt & pp cost [kst].
P n (price) coste m, precio. c o m p cost of
living coste de la vida.
costal [kztl] adj costal.
co-star [kUstAr] n coprotagonista mf.
Costa Rica [kztrik] n Costa Rica.
Costa Rican [kztrikn] adj costarri
cense.
P n (person) costarricense mf.
cost-effective [kstIfektIv] adj rentable.
costly [kstlI] adj costoso,-a.
comp costlier, superl costliest.
costume [kstjUm] n traje m.
P n pl costumes theat vestuario.
cosy [kUzI] adj 1 (room, house, atmos-
phere) acogedor,-ra. 2 (chat) ntimo,-a
y agradable.
comp cosier, superl cosiest.
 cot
cot [kt] n 1 (for baby) cuna. 2 us (camp
bed) cama de campaa.
cotton [ktn] n 1 (cloth, plant) algodn
m. 2 (thread) hilo (de coser).
P adj (shirt, etc) de algodn. c o m p cotton
bud bastoncillo de algodn. y cotton
wool algodn m hidrfilo.
couch [kaUtS] n (sofa) canap m, sof m.
couchette [kUSet] n litera.
. Couchette se refiere especficamente a
las literas de los trenes. Las literas que puede
haber en una casa se llaman bunk beds.
cougar [kUgr] n puma m.
cough [kf] n tos f.
P vi toser.
could [kUd] pt can.
council [kaUnsl] n 1 (elected group) con
sejo. 2 gb (of town, city) ayuntamiento.
3 rel concilio.
councillor [kaUnslr] n concejal,-la.
counsel [kaUnsl] n 1 (advice) consejo.
2 jur abogado,-a.
counsellor [kaUns l r] n 1 (adviser)
consejero,-a, asesor,-ra. 2 us (lawyer)
abogado,-a.
count1 [kaUnt] n (act of counting) recuento;
(of votes) escrutinio; (total) total m, suma.
P vt 1 (gen) contar. 2 (consider) considerar.
, To count no significa contar (rela
tar), que se traduce por to tell.
count2 [kaUnt] n (nobleman) conde m.
countable [kaUntbl] adj contable.
countdown [kaUntdaUn] n cuenta atrs.
counter [kaUntr] n 1 (in shop) mostra
dor m; (individual) ventanilla. 2 (in board
games) ficha.
counteract [kaUntrQkt] vt contra
rrestar.
counterattack [kaUntrtQk] n con
traataque m.
P vt contraatacar.
counterclockwise [kaUntklkwaIz]
adj us en sentido contrario a las agu
jas del reloj.
counterfeit [kaUntfIt] adj falso,-a,
falsificado,-a.
P n falsificacin f.
P vt falsificar.
86
counterfoil [kaUntfIl] n matriz f.
counterpart [kaUntpAt] n homlogo,-a.
counterproductive [kaUntprdktIv]
adj contraproducente.
countess [kaUnts] n condesa.
countless [kaUntls] adj incontable,
innumerable.
country [kntrI] n 1 (state, nation) pas
m; (people) pueblo. 2 [no se usa en pl]
(rural area) campo. 3 [no se usa en pl] (re-
gion, area of land) regin f, zona, terri
torio. 1 [tambin country music] mus
msica country, country m.
pl countries.
P adj (rural - life, lane) rural; (- house) de
campo.
countryman [kntrImn] n 1 (man from
country) campesino. 2 (compatriot) com
patriota m.
pl countrymen [kntrImn].
countryside [kntrIsaId] n (area) cam
po, campia; (scenery) paisaje m.
countrywoman [kntrIwUmn] n 1
(woman from the country) campesina. 2
(compatriot) compatriota.
pl countrywomen [kntrIwImIn].
county [kaUntI] n condado.
pl counties.
coup [kU] n golpe m. comp coup dtat
golpe m de estado.
couple [kpl] n 1 (two things) par m; (a
few) unos,-as. 2 (two people) pareja.
P vt conectar, acoplar.
coupon [kUpn] n 1 comm (for discount,
free gift, etc) cupn m, vale m. 2 gb (for
competition, football pools) boleto.
courage [krIdZ] n coraje m, valor m,
valenta.
courageous [kreIdZs] adj valiente.
courgette [kUZet] n calabacn m.
courier [kUrIr] n 1 (messenger) mensa
jero,-a. 2 (guide) gua mf turstico,-a.
course [ks] n 1 (gen) curso; (of ship)
rumbo. 2 educ (year - long) curso;
(- short) cursillo; (at university) carrera; (in-
dividual subject) asignatura. 3 (of meal)
plato. 4 sp (for golf) campo. l o c of course
desde luego, por supuesto. c o m p main
course segundo plato.

court [kt] n 1 jur (place, people) tribunal
m; (building) juzgado. 2 (royal) corte f. 3
sp (tennis, squash, etc) pista, cancha. 4
(courtyard) patio.
courteous [ktIs] adj corts.
courtesy [ktsI] n 1 (good manners)
cortesa, educacin f. 2 (polite act or re-
mark) favor m, atencin f.
pl courtesies.
courthouse [kthaUs] n juzgado.
courtroom [ktrUm] n sala de justi
cia, tribunal m.
courtyard [ktjAd] n patio.
cousin [kzn] n primo,-a.
cove [kUv] n cala, ensenada.
covenant [kvnnt] n jur (formal agree-
ment) convenio, pacto; (clause) clusu
la, provisin f.
cover [kvr] n 1 (lid) tapa, cubierta. 2
(thing that covers - gen) funda. 3 (outside
pages - of book) cubierta, tapa; (- of maga-
zine) portada. 4 (insurance) cobertura. 5
(shelter, protection) abrigo, proteccin f.
P vt 1 (place over - gen) cubrir (with, de);
(- floor, wall) revestir (with, de); (- sofa)
tapizar; (- book) forrar. 2 (with lid,
hands) tapar. 3 (hide) tapar.
coverage [kvrIdZ] n cobertura.
coveralls [kvrlz] n pl us overalls.
covering [kvrIN] n (protective) cubier
ta, envoltura; (layer) capa.
covert [kvt] adj secreto,-a.
cover-up [kvrp] n encubrimiento.
covet [kvt] vt codiciar.
cow [kaU] n vaca.
coward [kaUd] n cobarde mf: hes a
coward es un cobarde.
cowardly [kaUdlI] adj cobarde: that is
a cowardly attitude esa es una actitud co
barde.
cowboy [kaUbI] n vaquero.
cox [kks] n timonel mf.
coy [kI] adj tmido,-a, recatado,-a.
coyote [kaIUtI] n coyote m.
cozy [kUzI] adj us cosy.
comp cozier, superl coziest.
crab [krQb] n (shellfish) cangrejo.
crack [krQk] vt 1 (break - cup, glass, etc) ra
jar; (- bone) fracturar, romper. 2 (break
open - safe) forzar; (- egg, nut) cascar; (-
87 cranium
bottle) abrir, descorchar. 3 (hit) pegar,
golpear.
P vi 1 (break - cup, glass) rajarse, resque
brarse; (- rock, plaster, paint, skin) agrie
tarse. 2 (relationship, system) venirse aba
jo; (person) sufrir una crisis nerviosa. C
P n 1 (in cup, glass) raja; (in ice, wall,
ground, pavement, etc) grieta. 2 (slit, nar-
row opening) rendija. 3 (of whip) restalli
do, chasquido.
P adj (troops, regiment, shot) de primera.
cracked [krQkt] adj fam (mad, crazy)
chiflado,-a, chalado,-a.
cracker [krQkr] n 1 (biscuit) galleta se
ca. 2 (firework) petardo m.
cracking [krQkIN] adj fam (shot, goal) de
primera; (pace) muy rpido,-a.
crackle [krQkl] n (of twigs, etc) crujido,
chasquido.
P vi (twigs, etc) chasquear; (fire) chispo
rrotear, crepitar; (radio, telephone) ha
cer ruido.
cradle [kreIdl] n cuna f.
P vt (baby) acunar (en los brazos), mecer.
craft [krAft] n 1 (occupation) oficio. 2
(art) arte m; (skill) habilidad f, destre
za. 3 (boat) embarcacin f.
P vt trabajar.
craftsman [krAftsmn] n artesano.
pl craftsmen [krAftsmn].
craftswoman [krAftswUmn] n artesana.
pl craftswomen [krAftswImIn].
crafty [krAftI] adj (person) astuto,-a;
(child) pillo,-a; (method, idea, etc) hbil.
comp craftier, superl craftiest.
crag [krQg] n pea, risco, peasco.
cram [krQm] vt (stuff, fill) atestar (with,
de), atiborrar (with, de).
P vi fam (learn for exam) empollar.
pt & pp crammed, ger cramming.
cramp1 [krQmp] n med calambre m.
P n pl cramps (gen) retortijones mpl
cramp2 [krQmp] vt obstaculizar.
cranberry [krQnbrI] n arndano.
pl cranberries.
crane [kreIn] n 1 zool grulla comn. 2
(machine) gra.
cranium [kreInIm] n crneo.
pl craniums o crania [kreInI].
 crank
crank [krQNk] n 1 (crankshaft) cigeal
m. 2 (starting handle) manivela.
cranky [krQNkI] adj fam excntrico,
-ca, chiflado, -da.
comp crankier, superl crankiest.
crash [krQS] n 1 (noise) estrpito; (of
thunder) trueno, estallido. 2 (collision)
choque m, accidente m. 3 comm (col-
lapse) quiebra.
crate [kreIt] n caja, cajn m.
P vt embalar.
crater [kreItr] n crter m.
crave [kreIv] vt ansiar, tener ansias de.
craving [kreIvIN] n (gen) ansia (for, de),
ansias fpl (for, de); (in pregnancy) anto
jo (for, de).
crawfish [krfIS] n crayfish.
crawl [krl] vi 1 (move slowly - person,
snake) arrastrarse; (- baby) gatear. 2
(car, traffic) ir a paso de tortuga.
P n sp (in swimming) crol m.
crayfish [kreIfIS] n cangrejo de ro.
pl crayfish.
crayon [kreIn] n lpiz m de cera.
craze [kreIz] n (fashion) moda; (game,
sport, hobby, etc) mana.
crazy [kreIzI] adj fam loco,-a.
comp crazier, superl craziest.
creak [krik] vi (floorboard, stairs, joints) crujir,
hacer un crujido; (door, hinge) chirriar.
cream [krim] n 1 (of milk) nata, crema
(de leche). 2 (cosmetic) crema; (medical)
pomada, crema.
crease [kris] n 1 (wrinkle) arruga; (fold)
pliegue m; (ironed) raya. 2 sp (in cricket)
lnea.
create [krieIt] vt 1 (gen) crear. 2 (cause)
producir, causar.
creation [krieISn] n creacin f.
creature [kritSr] n 1 (animal) criatura.
2 (human being) ser m.
credentials [krIdenSlz] n pl 1 (qualifica-
tions) credenciales fpl. 2 (documents)
cartas fpl credenciales.
credible [kredIbl] adj creble.
credit [kredIt] n 1 (praise, approval) m
rito, reconocimiento. 2 (belief, trust,
confidence) crdito. 3 fin (gen) crdito;
(in accountancy) haber m; (on statement)
saldo acreedor. 5 educ crdito.
88
P n pl credits (of film, programme) ficha
tcnica.
creditor [kredItr] n acreedor,-ra.
creed [krid] n credo.
creek [krik] n 1 gb cala. 2 us riachue
lo, arroyo.
creep [krip] vi 1 (move quietly) moverse si
gilosamente, deslizarse. 2 (move with the
body close to the ground) arrastrarse, reptar.
pt & pp crept [krept].
creeper [kripr] n (planta) trepadora.
cremate [krImeIt] vt incinerar.
crematorium [kremtrIm] n (hor
no) crematorio.
pl crematoriums o crematoria [kre-
mtrI].
crepe [kreIp] n crepe m.
crept [krept] pt & pp creep.
crescent [kresnt] n (shape) medialuna.
P adj creciente. c o m p crescent moon
luna creciente.
cress [kres] n berro.
crest [krest] n 1 (of cock) cresta. 2 (of hill)
cima, cumbre f; (of wave) cresta.
crestfallen [krestfln] adj abatido,-a.
crevice [krevIs] n grieta, raja.
crew1 [krU] n 1 (of ship, etc) tripulacin f.
2 (working team) equipo.
crew2 [krU] pt crow.
crib [krIb] n 1 (manger) pesebre m; (Nativ-
ity scene) beln m, pesebre m. 2 (for baby)
cuna. 3 (for cheating) chuleta.
P vt plagiar, copiar.
pt & pp cribbed, ger cribbing.
crick [krIk] n (in neck) tortcolis f.
cricket1 [krIkIt] n (insect) grillo.
cricket2 [krIkIt] n sp cricket m.
cried [kraId] pp cry.
crime [kraIm] n crimen m.
criminal [krImInl] adj criminal.
P n delincuente mf, criminal mf.
cringe [krIndZ] vi encogerse, agacharse.
crinkle [krINkl] n arruga.
P vt arrugar.
cripple [krIpl] n lisiado,-a, tullido,-a.
P vt 1 (person) dejar cojo,-a, lisiar. 2 fig
(industry, country) paralizar.
crisis [kraIsIs] n crisis f.
pl crises [kraIsis].

crisp [krIsp] adj 1 (pastry, biscuits, etc) cru
jiente; (lettuce) fresco,-a. 2 (weather, air)
fro,-a y seco,-a.
P n gb patata frita (de bolsa o churrera).
. Son las patatas de bolsa o de churrera
que se comen fras, pues las que se comen
calientes se llaman chips en ingls brit
nico y french fries en ingls americano.
crisscross [krIskrs] vt entrecruzar.
critic [krItIk] n (reviewer) crtico,-a.
critical [krItIkl] adj crtico,-a.
criticism [krItIsIzm] n crtica.
criticize [krItIsaIz] vt criticar.
croak [krUk] n 1 (of raven) graznido; (of
frog) canto. 2 (of person) voz f ronca.
Croatia [krUeIS] n Croacia.
Croatian [krUeISn] adj croata.
P adj (person) croata mf; (language) croa
ta m.
crochet [krUSeI] n ganchillo.
crockery [krkrI] n loza, vajilla.
crocodile [krkdaIl] n cocodrilo.
crocus [krUks] n azafrn m.
crony [krUnI] n fam compinche mf.
pl cronies.
crook [krUk] n 1 cayado, gancho. 2
fam (criminal) sinvergenza mf, delin
cuente mf.
P vt (finger, arm) doblar.
crop [krp] n 1 (plant) cultivo; (harvest)
cosecha. 2 (group, batch) tanda. 3 (hair-
style) corte m al rape.
cross [krs] n 1 (gen) cruz f. 2 biol (hy-
brid) cruce m.
P vt (street, river, bridge,) cruzar, atrave
sar; (arms, legs) cruzar.
P vi (walk across) cruzar (over, -); (inter-
sect, pass each another) cruzarse.
crossbar [krsbAr] n (of goal) travesa
o, larguero; (of bicycle) barra.
crossing [krsIN] n 1 mar travesa. 2
(intersection, crossroads) cruce m . c o m p
border crossing paso fronterizo.
cross-reference [krsrefrns] n re
misin f.
P vt remitir.
crossroads [krsrUdz] n encrucijada,
cruce m.
89 crush
crossword [krswd] [tambin
crossword puzzle] n crucigrama m.
crotch [krtS] n entrepierna.
crotchet [krtSIt] n mus negra.
crouch [kraUtS] [tambin crouch down]
vi (person) agacharse, ponerse en cu C
clillas; (cat) agazaparse.
crow1 [krU] n (bird) cuervo.
crow2 [krU] vi (cock) cantar, cacarear.
pt crowed o crew [kru], pp crowed.
crowbar [krUbAr] n palanca.
crowd [kraUd] n 1 (large number of people)
multitud f, muchedumbre f, gento;
(at match, concert, etc) pblico. 2 (particu-
lar group) gente f; (clique) pandilla.
crowded [kraUdId] adj abarrotado,-a
de gente, concurrido,-a.
crown [kraUn] n 1 (of king, queen) coro
na. 2 anat (of head) coronilla; (of tooth)
corona. 3 (top - of hat, tree) copa.
crucial [krUSl] adj crucial.
crucifix [krUsIfIks] n crucifijo.
crucify [krUsIfaI] vt crucificar.
pt & pp crucified, ger crucifying.
crude [krUd] n 1 (manners, style) tosco,-a,
g r os e r o , - a ; (joke) g r o s e r o , - a ,
ordinario,-a. 2 (oil) crudo,-a.
, Crude no significa crudo (sin hacer),
que se traduce por raw.
cruel [krUl] adj cruel.
comp crueller, superl cruellest.
cruelty [krUltI] n crueldad f (to, hacia).
pl cruelties.
cruise [krUz] vi mar hacer un crucero.
P n crucero.
cruiser [krUzr] n 1 (warship) crucero.
2 (pleasure boat) yate m.
crumb [krm] n miga, migaja.
crumble [krmbl] vt (gen) desmenu
zar, deshacer; (bread) desmigajar.
crumple [krmpl] vt (clothes) arrugar;
(paper) estrujar.
crunch [krntS] vt 1 (food) mascar. 2
(with feet, tyres) hacer crujir.
crusade [krUseId] n cruzada.
crush [krS] vt 1 (squash - gen) aplastar;
(squeeze) estrujar;. 2 (smash, pound - gen)
triturar; (- ice) picar.
 crust
P n 1 (of people) aglomeracin f. 2 gb
(soft drink) refresco.
crust [krst] n corteza.
crustacean [krsteISn] n crustceo.
crutch [krtS] n 1 (for walking) muleta.
crux [krks] n quid m, meollo.
cry [kraI] vt 1 (shout, call) gritar. 2 (weep)
llorar.
pt & pp cried, ger crying.
crying [kraIIN] n (weeping) llanto.
crypt [krIpt] n cripta.
crystal [krIstl] n cristal m.
crystallize [krIstlaIz] vt cristalizar.
cub [kb] n zool cachorro,-a
cube [kjUb] n 1 (shape) cubo; (of sugar)
terrn m; (of ice) cubito; (of cheese, meat,
etc) dado. 2 math cubo. c o m p cube root
raz f cbica.
P vt math elevar al cubo.
cubic [kjUbIk] adj cbico,-a.
cubism [kjUbIzm] n cubismo.
cuckoo [kUkU] n cuco.
pl cuckoos.
cucumber [kjUkmbr] n pepino.
cuddle [kdl] vt abrazar, acariciar.
cue1 [kjU] n 1 (for actor) pie m; (for musi-
cian) entrada. 2 (signal) seal f. 3 (exam-
ple) ejemplo.
cue2 [kjU] n (in billiards, etc) taco. c o m p
cue ball bola blanca.
cuff1 [kf] n 1 (of sleeve) puo. 2 us (of
trousers) dobladillo.
P n pl cuffs sl esposas fpl.
cuff2 [kf] vt dar un bofetada a.
P n bofetada, cachete m, bofetn m.
cufflinks [kflINks] n pl gemelos mpl.
cuisine [kwIzin] n cocina.
cul-de-sac [kldsQk] n calle f sin salida.
culminate [klmIneIt] vi culminar.
culottes [kjUlts] n pl falda pantaln
f sing.
culprit [klprIt] n culpable mf.
cult [klt] n (gen) culto; (sect) secta.
cultivate [kltIveIt] vt cultivar.
pt & pp cupped, ger cupping.
culture [kltS r] n 1 (gen) cultura. 2
(growth) cultivo.
90
cumbersome [kmbsm] adj 1 (thing)
incmodo,-a, voluminoso,-a, pesa
do,-a. 2 (procedure) torpe, engorroso,-a.
cumin [kmIn] n comino.
cunning [knIN] adj astuto,-a
P n astucia.
cup [kp] n 1 (for drinking) taza. 2 sp (tro-
phy) copa.
cupboard [kbd] n armario.
curator [kjUreItr] n (of museum) conser
vador,-ra.
curb [kb] n 1 (for horse) barbada. 2
(control) freno. 3 us bordillo.
curd [kd] n (from milk) cuajada. c o m p
curd cheese requesn m.
curdle [kdl] vi (form curds) cuajarse;
(go bad) cortarse.
cure [kjUr] vt curar.
P n cura.
cure-all [kjUrAl] n panacea.
curfew [kfjU] n toque m de queda.
curiosity [kjUrIstI] n curiosidad f.
pl curiosities.
curious [kjUrIs] adj 1 (inquisitive)
curioso,-a. 2 (strange, odd) curioso,-a,
extrao,-a; (interesting) interesante.
curl [kl] vt rizar.
P vi rizarse.
P n (of hair) rizo; (ringlet) bucle m, tira
buzn m; (of smoke) espiral f, voluta.
curly [klI] adj rizado,-a.
comp curlier, superl curliest.
currant [krnt] n 1 (dried grape) pasa
(de Corinto). 2 (fruit) grosella.
currency [krnsI] n fin moneda. comp
foreign currency divisa.
pl currencies.
current [krnt] adj 1 (present, existing - gen)
actual; (- month, year) en curso; (most recent
- issue) ltimo,-a. 2 (generally accepted) co
rriente, comn, habitual, general.
c o m p current account cuenta corriente.
P n (gen) corriente f.
currently [krntlI] adv 1 (at present) ac
tualmente, en la actualidad. 2 (com-
monly) comnmente.
curriculum [krIkjlm] n educ plan m
de estudios. c o m p curriculum vitae
currculum m, historial m.

curry [krI] n culin curry m.
pl curries.
curse [ks] n 1 (evil spell) maldicin f. 2
(oath) palabrota.
cursor [ksr] n cursor m.
curt [kt] adj seco,-a, brusco,-a.
curtain [kt n] n 1 (gen) cortina. 2
theat teln m.
curvature [kvtS r] n 1 (of surface)
curvatura. 2 med encorvamiento.
curve [kv] n (gen) curva.
P vi (of road, river, ball) describir una
curva, torcer.
cushion [kUSn] n (gen) cojn m; (large)
almohadn m.
P vt fig suavizar, amortiguar.
custard [kstd] n (cold, set) natillas fpl;
(hot, liquid) crema. c o m p custard apple
chirimoya.
custom [kstm] n costumbre f: its a
typical Spanish custum es una tpica cos
tumbre espaola.
customary [kstmrI] adj (habitual)
acostumbrado,-a, habitual.
customer [kstmr] n cliente mf.
customize [kstmaIz] vt hacer por
encargo, hacer a la medida.
custom-made [kstmmeId] adj
(clothes, etc) hecho,-a a medida.
customs [kstmz] n aduana.
. Puede ser tanto singular como plural.
cut [kt] n 1 (ge) corte m; (knife wound) cu
chillada. 3 (share) parte f, tajada. 4 (re-
duction - in budget, services, wages) recorte
m; (- in level, number, price) reduccin f. 6
elec corte m, apagn m.
P vt 1 (gen) cortar 2 (reduce - level, num-
ber) reducir; (- budget, spending) recor
tar; (- price) rebajar, reducir.
a to cut down vt sep (tree) talar, cortar;
(kill) matar.
a to cut off vt sep 2 (disconnect, discontinue)
cortar: our phones been cut off nos han
cortado el telfono. 3 (isolate, separate)
aislar: she felt cut off se senta aislada.
a to cut out vt sep 1 (from newspaper) re
cortar; (in sewing) cortar. 2 (exclude) su
primir, eliminar.
pt & pp cut, ger cutting.
91 Czechia
cutaneous [kjUteInIs] adj cutneo,-a.
cute [kjUt] adj 1 (sweet) mono,-a, rico,
-a; (good-looking) guapo,-a, lindo,-a. 2
us (clever) listo,-a.
cutlery [ktlrI] n cubiertos mpl, cu
bertera. C
cutlet [ktlt] n culin chuleta.
cutout [ktaUt] n 1 (shape) recortable
m. 2 (device, switch) cortacircuitos m.
cutter [ktr] n (tool) cter m.
cutting [ktIN] n 1 (from newspaper) re
corte m. 2 bot esqueje m.
cuttlefish [ktlfIS] n jibia, sepia.
cyanide [saInaId] n cianuro.
cybernetics [saIbnetIks] n ciberntica.
cycle [saIkl] n 1 (series of events, of songs,
etc) ciclo; (of washing machine) progra
ma m. 2 (bicycle) bicicleta; (motorcycle)
moto f. c o m p cycle lane/path/way ca
rril m bici. y cycle track veldromo.
P vi ir en bicicleta.
cyclic [sIklIk, saIklIk] adj cclico,-a.
cyclical [sIklIk l, saIklIk l] adj ccli
co,-a.
cycling [saIklIN] n ciclismo.
cyclist [saIklIst] n ciclista mf.
cyclone [saIklUn] n cicln m.
cygnet [sIgnt] n pollo de cisne.
cylinder [sIlIndr] n 1 (gen) cilindro. 2
(for gas) bombona.
cylindrical [sIlIndrIkl] adj cilndrico,-a.
cymbal [sImbl] n cmbalo, platillo.
cynic [sInIk] n cnico,-a.
cynical [sInIkl] adj cnico,-a.
cynicism [sInIsIzm] n cinismo.
cypress [saIprs] n ciprs m.
Cypriot [sIprIt] adj chipriota,-a.
P n 1 (person) chipriota mf. 2 (language)
chipriota m.
Cyprus [saIprs] n Chipre m.
cyst [sIst] n quiste m.
cystitis [sIstaItIs] n cistitis f.
czar [zAr] n zar m.
Czech [tSek] adj checo,-a.
P n 1 (person) checo,-a. 2 (language)
checo. c o m p Czech Republic Repbli
ca Checa.
Czechia [tSekI] n Chequia.
 D
D, d [di] n 1 (the letter) D, d f. 2 mus re m.
d [d] aux 1 would. Id go ira. 2
had: hed seen haba visto. 3 fam did.
whatd you do? qu hiciste?
dab [dQb] n (of paint) toque m; (of per-
fume) gota; (of butter) poquito.
P vi dar ligeros toques (at, en).
P n pl dabs gb sl huellas fpl dactilares.
dabble [dQbl] vi (in activity) aficionar
se (in, a), tener escarceos (in, con).
P vt (in water) chapotear.
dad [dQd] n fam pap m.
daddy [dQdI] n fam pap m, papi m.
pl daddies.
daffodil [dQfdIl] n narciso.
dagger [dQgr] n 1 (weapon) daga, pu
al m. 2 (obelisk) cruz f.
daguerreotype [dgerUtaIp] n da
guerrotipo.
dahlia [deIlj] n dalia.
daily [deIlI] adj (newspaper, prayers) dia
rio,a; (routine) diario,a, cotidiano,a.
P adv diariamente, a diario.
P n (newspaper) diario.
pl dailies.
dainty [deIntI] adj 1 (delicate - thing) deli
cado,a, fino,a; (- person) precioso,a,
delicado,a, refinado,a.
comp daintier, superl daintiest.
P n pl dainties (small cakes) pastelitos
mpl.
dairy [derI] n 1 (on farm) vaquera. 2
(shop) lechera; (company) central f leche
ra. c o m p dairy products productos lc
teos. y dairy products productos lcteos.
pl dairies.
. No hay que confundir las palabras dairy
con diary, que significa 'diario, agenda'.
92
dairymaid [derImeId] n lechera.
dairyman [derImn] n lechero.
pl dairymen[derImn].
dais [deIz] n tarima.
pl daises.
daisy [deIzI] n margarita.
pl daisies.
daltonism [dltnIzm] n daltonismo.
dam1 [dQm] n 1 (barrier) dique m. 2 (res-
ervoir) embalse m, presa.
a to dam up vt sep 1 (river) represar,
embalsar. 2 (emotions) reprimir, con
tener.
pt & pp dammed, ger damming.
dam2 [dQm] n zool madre f.
damage [dQmIdZ] n (gen) dao; (to
reputation, cause, health) perjuicio, da
os mpl; (destruction) destrozos mpl, da
os mpl.
dame [deIm] n 1 us fam mujer f, ta. 2 (in
pantomime) vieja (representada por un hombre).
P n Dame gb (title) ttulo honorfico concedido
a una mujer.
damn [dQm] interj fam mecachis!, ca
ray!
P adj fam maldito,a, condenado,a.
P adv fam muy, sumamente: you were
damn lucky tuviste mucha suerte.
P vt 1 rel condenar. 2 (curse) maldecir:
damn it! maldita sea!
damned [dQmd] adj 1 fam maldito,a,
condenado,a. 2 rel condenado,a.
damp [dQmp] adj (gen) hmedo,a;
(wet) mojado,a. c o m p damp course
aislante m hidrfugo.
P n humedad f.
dampen [dQmpn] vt 1 (make damp) hu
medecer. 2 fig (enthusiasm, ardour, etc)
hacer perder, apagar, enfriar; (persons
spirits) desanimar.

damsel [dQmzl] n doncella.
dance [dAns] n (gen) baile m; (classical,
tribal) danza.
P vi bailar.
dancer [dAnsr] n bailarn,ina; (fla-
menco) bailaor,ra.
dandelion [dQndIlaIn] n diente m de
len.
dandruff [dQndrf] n caspa.
dandy [dQndI] n dandy m, petimetre m.
pl dandies.
P adj us fam estupendo,a.
danger [deIndZr] n (peril, hazard) peli
gro; (risk) riesgo.
dangerous [deIndZrs] adj (gen)
peligroso,a; (risky) arriesgado,a; (ill-
ness) grave.
dangle [dQNg l] vt (hang) colgar;
(swing) balancear.
P vi colgar, pender.
Danish [deInIS] adj dans,esa.
P n (language) dans m.
P n pl the Danish los daneses mpl.
dank [dQNk] adj hmedo,a y fro,a.
dare [der] vi atreverse (to, a), osar (to, -).
P vt (challenge) desafiar.
P n desafo, reto.
daredevil [dedevl] n atrevido,a,
temerario,a.
daring [derIN] adj (bold, brave) audaz,
osado,a, atrevido,a.
P n osada, atrevimiento, audacia.
dark [dAk] adj 1 (without light) oscuro,a. 2
(hair, skin) moreno,a; (eyes) negro,a.
3 (gloomy) triste, sombro,a. 4 (sinister)
siniestro,a, tenebroso,a. 5 (secret)
misterioso,a.
P n 1 (darkness) oscuridad f. 2 (nightfall)
anochecer m.
darken [dAkn] vt 1 oscurecer, hacer
ms oscuro,a. 2 fig entristecer, en
sombrecer.
darkness [dAkns] n oscuridad f.
darling [dAlIN] n (lover) querido,a,
amor m , cario; (popular person)
nio,a mimado,a.
P adj 1 (loved) querido,a. 2 fam (charm-
ing) precioso,a, encantador,ra, mo
no,a.
93 daughter-in-law
darn [dAn] n zurcido.
P vt (sock, etc) zurcir.
darnel [dAnl] n cizaa.
dart [dAt] n 1 (object) dardo, flechilla.
2 (rush) movimiento rpido. 3 sew (fold)
pinza.
P vt (look, glance) lanzar; (tongue) disparar.
P vi (move quickly - person) lanzarse, pre
cipitarse; (- butterfly, etc) revolotear.
D
dartboard [dAtbd] n diana, blanco
de tiro.
dash [dQS] n 1 (sudden run) carrera. 2
(small amount) poco; (of salt, spice) pizca;
(of liquid) chorrito, gota. 3 (horizontal
mark) raya; (hyphen) guion m; (in Morse
code) raya. 4 (style, panache) elegancia;
(energy, vitality) bro, dinamismo. 5 us
(dashboard) salpicadero.
P vt 1 (hit) lanzar, arrojar; (smash)
romper, estrellar. 2 (hopes) truncar.
dashboard [dQSbd] n salpicadero.
data [deIt] n pl datos mpl, informa
cin f.
sing datum.
database [deItbeIs] n comput base f
de datos.
date1 [deIt] n 1 (in time) fecha. 2 (ap-
pointment) cita, compromiso: Ive got a
date with David tonight tengo una cita
con David esta noche. 3 us (person) li
gue m , amigo,a, pareja. 4 (perfor-
mance, booking) actuacin f.
P vt 1 (write a date on) fechar. 2 (determine
the date of) datar. 3 (show the age of) de
mostrar la edad de. 4 us fam (go out
with) salir con.
P vi 1 (have existed since) datar (from, de),
remontarse (back to, a). 2 (go out of fash-
ion) pasar de moda. 3 us (go out together)
salir juntos, ser novios.
date2 [deIt] n (fruit) dtil m.
dated [deItId] adj anticuado,a.
dative [deItIv] n ling dativo.
datum [deItm] n dato.
pl data.
daub [db] n 1 (small bit, smear) man
cha. 2 (bad painting) pintarrajo.
P vt embadurnar.
daughter [dtr] n hija.
daughter-in-law [dtrInl] n nuera.
 daunt
daunt [dnt] vt (frighten) intimidar;
(dishearten) desanimar, desalentar.
dauphin [dfIn] n delfn m.
dawn [dn] n alba, aurora, amanecer m.
P vi amanecer, alborear, clarear.
day [deI] n da m. l o c the day after to
morrow pasado maana. y the day
before tomorrow anteayer. c o m p day off
da libre.
P n pl days (period) poca, tiempos mpl.
daybreak [deIbreIk] n amanecer m,
alba.
daydream [deIdrim] n ensueo, en
soacin f.
P vi soar despierto,a, fantasear.
daytime [deItaIm] n da m.
P adj (flight) diurno,a.
daze [deIz] n aturdimiento.
P vt aturdir.
D-day [dideI] n 1 (in war) da m D. 2
(important date) el da m sealado.
deacon [dikn] n dicono.
deactivate [diQktIveIt] vt desactivar.
dead [ded] adj 1 (not alive) muerto,a. 2
(obsolete - language) muerto,a; (- custom)
desusado,a, en desuso; (finished with -
topic, issue, debate) agotado,a, pasa
do,a; (- glass, bottle) terminado,a, aca
bad o,a. 3 (numb) entumecido,a,
dormido,a. 4 (not functioning - telephone)
desconectado,a, cortado,a; (- ma-
chine) averiado,a; (- battery) des
cargado,a, gastado,a; (- match) gas
tado,a. 5 fam (very tired) muerto,a. 6
(dull, quiet, not busy) muerto,a. 7 (sounds)
sordo,a; (colours) apagado,a. 8 sp (ball)
muerto,a. 9 (total) total, completo,a,
absoluto,a.
P adv 1 (completely, absolutely) completa
mente, sumamente; (as intensifier)
muy: Im dead sure estoy segursimo. 2
(exactly) justo: we arrived dead on time lle
gamos puntualsimos.
P n the dead los,las muertos,as.
deaden [dedn] vt (pain) calmar, ali
viar; (noise, blow) amortiguar.
deadline [dedlaIn] n (date) fecha lmi
te, fecha tope, plazo de entrega;
(time) hora lmite, hora tope.
94
deadlock [dedlk] n punto muerto,
impasse m.
deaf [def] adj sordo,a.
P n the deaf los sordos mpl.
deaf-aid [defeId] n audfono.
deafen [defn] vt ensordecer.
deaf-mute [defmjUt] n sordom u
do,a.
deafness [defns] n sordera.
deal [dil] n 1 (agreement) trato, acuer
do, pacto; (financial) acuerdo. 2 (treat-
ment) trato. 3 (amount) cantidad f. 4 (in
card games) reparto.
P vt 1 (cards) repartir, dar. 2 (drugs) tra
ficar.
a to deal with vt insep 1 comm (trade with)
tratar con, tener relaciones comer
ciales con. 2 (tackle - problem, etc) abor
dar, ocuparse de; (- task) encargarse
de; (- person) tratar (con), lidiar con.
pt & pp dealt [delt].
dealer [dilr] n 1 comm comerciante
mf, negociante mf. 2 (illegal - in drugs) tra
ficante mf; (- in stolen goods) perista mf. 3
fin corredor,ra de bolsa, corredor,ra
de valores.
dealt [delt] pt & pp deal.
dean [din] n 1 rel den m . 2 educ
decano,a.
deanery [dinrI] n decanato.
dear [dI r ] adj 1 (loved - person)
querido,a; (- thing) preciado,a. 2 (as
form of address) querido,a. 3 fam (in letter)
querido,a; (more formally) apreciado,a,
estimado,a. 4 (expensive) caro,a.
P interj Dios mo!
P adv caro.
dearly [dIlI] adv 1 (very much) mucho.
2 (at a cost) caro.
death [deT] n 1 (gen) muerte f; (decease,
demise) fallecimiento, defuncin f. 2
(end - of custom, institution) fin m. c o m p
death penalty pena de muerte.
deathtrap [deTtrQp] n fam lugar peli
groso.
debacle [deIbAkl] n debacle m.
debate [dIbeIt] n debate m.
P vt 1 (discuss) debatir, discutir. 2 (consid-
er, think over) considerar, dar vueltas a.

debit [debIt] n fin dbito.
P vt cargar en cuenta.
debrief [dibrif] vt interrogar.
debris [deIbri] n (ruins) escombros mpl;
(wreckage) restos mpl.
debt [det] n (something owed) deuda; (in-
debtedness) endeudamiento.
debtor [detr] n deudor,ra.
debug [dibg] vt 1 (computer programme,
system) depurar. 2 (room, building, etc)
quitar los micrfonos ocultos de.
pt & pp debugged, ger debugging.
debunk [dibNk] vt fam (person) des
mitificar, desenmascarar; (idea, belief)
desacreditar, desprestigiar.
debut [deIbjU] n debut m.
decade [dekeId] n dcada, decenio.
decadence [dekdns] n decadencia.
decaffeinated [dikQfIneItId] adj
descafeinado,-a.
decagon [dekgn] n decgono.
decagonal [dIkQgnl] adj decagonal.
decahedron [dekhidrn] n decaedro.
decalitre [deklitr] n decalitro.
decanter [dIkQntr] n decantador m.
decapitation [dIkQpIteISn] n deca
pitacin f.
decapod [dekpd] n decpodo.
decasyllable [deksIlbl] n decaslabo.
decathlete [dIkQTlit] n decatleta m.
decathlon [dIkQTln] n decatln m.
decay [dIkeI] n 1 (of organic matter) des
composicin f; (of teeth) caries f. 2 (of
building) deterioro, desmoronamien
to. 3 fig (of culture, values) decadencia.
decease [dIsis] n fallecimiento, de
funcin f.
deceit [dIsit] n (trick) engao; (deceiv-
ing) falsedad f.
deceive [dIsiv] vt engaar.
decelerate [diselreIt] vi reducir la
velocidad, desacelerar.
December [dIsembr] n diciembre m.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta May.
decency [disnsI] n 1 (seemliness) decen
cia, decoro. 2 (politeness) buena educa
cin f, cortesa, consideracin f.
pl decencies.
95 declassify
decennial [dIsenIl] n decenal.
decent [disnt] adj decente.
decentralize [disentrlaIz] vt descen
tralizar.
deception [dIsepSn] n (trick) engao;
(deceiving) falsedad f.
, Deception no significa decepcin,
que se traduce por disappointment. D
deceptive [dIseptIv] adj engaoso,a:
appearances can be deceptive las aparien
cias engaan.
decibel [desIbel] n decibelio.
decide [dIsaId] vt decidir.
deciduous [dIsIdjUs] adj de hoja ca
duca.
decigram [desIgrQm] n decigramo.
decilitre [desIlitr] n decilitro.
decimal [desIml] n decimal m. c o m p
decimal point coma decimal.
decimate [desImeIt] vt diezmar.
decimation [desImeISn] n reduccin
f catastrfica, accin de diezmar.
decimetre [desImitr] n decmetro.
decipher [dIsaIfr] vt descifrar.
decision [dIsIZn] n 1 (choice, verdict) de
cisin f. 2 (resolution) resolucin f, de
cisin f, determinacin f.
decisive [dIsaIsIv] adj 1 (conclusive - gen)
decisivo,a; (- victory) contundente. 2
(firm, resolute - person) decidido,a, re
suelto,a; (- reply, action) firme.
deck [dek] n 1 (of ship) cubierta. 2 (of
bus, coach) piso. 3 us (of cards) baraja. 4
(of record player) plato. 5 us (raised roofless
area) terraza.
deckchair [dektSer] n tumbona.
declaim [dIkleIm] vt declamar.
P vi declamar.
declamation [deklmeISn] n decla
macin f.
declarant [dIklernt] n declarante mf.
declaration [deklreISn] n declara
cin f.
declare [dIkler] vt 1 (gen) declarar;
(opinion) manifestar. 2 (at customs) decla
rar.
declassify [dIklQsIfaI] vt desclasificar.
pt & pp declassified, ger declassifying.
 declination
declination [deklIneIS n] n declina
cin f, variacin f. c o m p magnetic dec
lination variacin f magntica.
decline [dIklaIn] n 1 (decrease) disminu
cin f, descenso. 2 (deterioration - gen)
deterioro, declive m, decadencia; (in
health) deterioro, empeoramiento.
decode [dikUd] vt decodificar, des
codificar.
decompose [dikmpUz] vt descom
poner.
P vi 1 descomponerse, pudrirse. 2
chem descomponerse.
decomposer [dikmpUz r] n sa
prtrofo.
decompress [dIkmpres] vt someter
a descompresin.
decompression [dIkmpreSn] n des
compresin f.
decongestion [dikndZetSn] n des
congestin f.
decontaminate [dikntQmIneIt] vt
descontaminar.
decor [deIkr] n 1 (furnishings) decora
cin f. 2 theat decorado.
decorate [dekreIt] vt 1 (adorn, make beau-
tiful) decorar (with, con), adornar (with,
con). 2 (paint) pintar; (wallpaper) empa
pelar. 3 (honour) condecorar (for, por).
decoration [dekreISn] n 1 (act, art)
decoracin f. 2 (ornament) adorno. 3
(medal) condecoracin f.
decorator [dekreIt r ] n (designer)
decorador,ra, interiorista mf; (painter)
pintor,ra; (wallpaperer) empapelador,ra.
decoy [dikI] n 1 (bird) cimbel m; (in
hunting) seuelo, reclamo. 2 fig (lure)
seuelo, carnada, gancho.
decrease [dIkris] n disminucin f,
descenso.
P vt disminuir, reducir.
decreasing [dIkrisIN] adj decreciente.
decree [dIkri] n 1 (command) decreto. 2
us (judgement) sentencia.
P vt decretar.
decriminalize [dikrImInlaIz] vt des
penalizar.
dedicate [dedIkeIt] vt dedicar.
96
dedicatory [dedIktrI] adj dedicato
rio,a.
deduce [dIdjUs] vt deducir (from, de).
deduct [dIdkt] vt (gen) descontar, de
ducir; (from taxes) desgravar.
deduction [dIdkSn] n 1 (subtraction) de
duccin f, descuento; (from taxes) des
gravacin f. 2 (reasoning) deduccin f.
deed [did] n 1 lit (act) acto, accin f,
obra; (feat) hazaa, proeza. 2 jur escri
tura.
deejay [didZeI] n pinchadiscos mf,
discjockey mf.
deep [dip] adj 1 (river, hole, well, etc)
hondo,a, profundo,a. 2 (shelf, ward-
robe) de fondo; (hem, border) ancho,a. 3
(sound, voice) grave, bajo,a; (note) grave;
(breath) hondo,a.
P adv 1 (to a great depth) profundamente.
2 (far from the outside) lejos. 3 (far in time,
late) tarde.
deepen [dipn] vt 1 (well, channel, river)
profundizar, hacer ms profundo,a. 2
(knowledge) profundizar, ahondar; (sym-
pathy) aumentar; (colour, emotion) intensifi
car; (sound, voice) hacer ms grave.
deep-freeze [dipfriz] n congelador m.
P vt (at home) congelar; (commercially)
ultracongelar.
pt deep-froze [dipfrUz], pp deep-
frozen [dipfrUzn].
deep-sea [dipsi] n (fishing, diving) de
altura.
deer [dIr] n ciervo, venado.
pl deer.
default [dIflt] n 1 (failure to act) omisin
f, negligencia. 2 (failure to pay) incumpli
miento de pago, mora, demora. loc
by default comput por defecto (insta-
lacin o configuracin de un programa).
P vi 1 (fail to act) faltar a sus compromi
sos, incumplir un acuerdo. 2 (fail to pay)
no pagar (on, -), demorarse (on, en).
defeat [dIfit] n 1 (of army, team) derro
ta; (of motion, bill) rechazo. 2 fig (of hopes,
plans) fracaso.
P vt 1 (gen) derrotar, vencer. 2 fig (hopes,
plans) frustrar.
defect [(n) difekt; (vb) dIfekt] n (gen)
defecto; (flaw) desperfecto, tara.
 97
P vi (party, team) desertar, pasarse al
bando contrario; (country) huir.
defective [dIfektIv] adj 1 (faulty)
defectuoso,a; (flawed) con desperfec
tos; (incomplete, lacking) deficiente. 2 ling
defectivo,a.
defence [dIfens] n defensa.
defend [dIfend] vt defender.
P vi sp jugar de defensa.
defendant [dIfendnt] n jur (in civil case)
demandado,a; (in criminal case)
acusado,a.
defender [dIfendr] n 1 (gen) defen
sor,ra. 2 sp defensa mf.
defense [dIfens] n us defence.
defensive [dIfensIv] adj defensivo,a.
defer 1 [dIf r] vt (postpone) aplazar,
posponer, retrasar.
pt & pp deferred, ger deferring.
defer2 [dIfr] vi (submit to) deferir (to, a).
pt & pp deferred, ger deferring.
defiance [dIfaIns] n desafo.
defiant [dIfaInt] adj desafiante.
deficiency [dIfISnsI] n 1 (lack) defi
ciencia; (shortage) escasez f, falta, d
ficit m. 2 (fault, shortcoming) defecto,
deficiencia.
pl deficiencies.
deficient [dIfISnt] adj deficiente.
deficit [defIsIt] n dficit m.
define [dIfaIn] vt definir.
definite [defInt] adj 1 (final, fixed - gen)
definitivo,a; (- opinions) fijo,a. 2
(clear, distinct) claro,a.
definitely [defIntlI] adv 1 (without doubt)
sin duda, seguramente. 2 (definitively)
definitivamente.
P interj desde luego!, claro que s!
definition [defInISn] n definicin f.
definitive [dIfInItIv] adj 1 (final, conclu-
sive) definitivo,a. 2 (ultimate - study, etc)
de mayor autoridad.
deflate [dIfleIt] vt (balloon, tyre) desin
flar, deshinchar.
deflation [dIfleISn] n 1 (of balloon, tyre)
desinflamiento. 2 (economic) deflacin f.
deflect [dIflekt] vt desviar.
P vi desviarse.
deforest [difrIst] vt deforestar.
delegation
deform [dIfm] vt deformar.
deformation [difmeISn] n defor
macin f.
deformed [dIfmd] adj deforme.
defraud [dIfrd] vt estafar.
, To defraud no significa defraudar (de
cepcionar, que se traduce por to disappoint.
D
defrost [difrst] vt 1 (freezer, food) des
congelar. 2 us (windscreen) desempaar.
deft [deft] adj diestro,a, hbil.
defunct [dIfNkt] adj difunto,-a.
defy [dIfaI] vt 1 (gen) desafiar; (disobey -
law, order, authority) desobedecer, des
acatar. 2 (make impossible) ser imposible.
pt & pp defied, ger defying.
degenerate [ (adj-n) dIdZenrt ; (vb)
dIdZenreIt] adj degenerado,a.
P n degenerado,a.
P vi degenerar (into, en).
degenerative [dIdZenrtIv] adj de
generativo,a.
degradation [degrdeISn] n degra
dacin f.
degrade [dIgreId] vt degradar.
degree [dIgri] n 1 (unit of measurement)
grado. 2 (extent, level, point) nivel m,
punto; (amount) algo. 3 educ ttulo.
dehumanize [dihjUmnaIz] vt des
humanizar.
dehydrate [dihaIdreIt] vt deshidratar.
P vi deshidratarse.
de-icing [diaIsIN] n deshielo.
deification [diIfIkeISn] n deificacin f.
deign [deIn] vi dignarse (to, a).
deity [deIItI] n deidad f.
pl deities.
dejection [dIdZekSn] n abatimiento,
desaliento, desnimo.
delay [dIleI] n retraso.
P vt 1 (gen) aplazar, retrasar. 2 (make late
- flight, train) retrasar, demorar; (person)
entretener.
delayed [dIleId] adj con retraso.
delegate [(adj-n) delIgt; (vb) delIgeIt]
n delegado,a.
P vt (duties, responsibility, etc) delegar (to, en).
delegation [delIgeISn] n delegacin f.
 delete
delete [dIlit] vt (remove) eliminar, su
primir; (cross out) tachar.
deliberate [(adj) dIlIbrt; (vb) dIlIbreIt]
adj 1 (intentional) deliberado,a, intencio
nado,a; (studied) premeditado,a. 2
(slow, unhurried) pausado,a, lento,a;
(careful) reflexivo,a.
P vi deliberar (on, sobre).
delicacy [delIksI] n 1 (softness, tender-
ness) delicadeza. 2 (fragility) fragilidad
f. 3 (food) exquisitez f.
pl delicacies.
delicate [delIkt] adj 1 (fine - gen)
delicado,a; (- embroidery, handiwork)
fino,a, esmerado,a. 2 (easily damaged)
frgil. 3 (sensitive - instrument) sensible;
(- sense of smell, taste) fino,a.
delicatessen [delIktesn] n charcu
tera.
delicious [dIlISs] adj delicioso,a.
delight [dIlaIt] n 1 (great pleasure, joy)
placer m, gusto, alegra, deleite m. 2
(source of pleasure) encanto, delicia,
placer m.
P vi deleitarse (in, en/con).
delighted [dIlaItId] adj (person) encan
tado,a, contentsimo,a; (smile, shout,
look) de alegra.
delinquency [dIlINkwnsI] n 1 (behav-
iour) delincuencia. 2 (act) delito.
delinquent [dIlINkwnt] adj 1 (youth)
delincuente; (activity) delictivo,a. 2
fin (person) moroso,a.
P n delincuente mf.
delirious [dIlIrIs] adj 1 med delirante.
2 fig (happy) loco,a de alegra.
deliver [dIlIvr] vt 1 (gen) entregar; (dis-
tribute) repartir (a domicilio). 2 (hit,
kick, push) dar; (shot, fast ball) lanzar. 3
(say) pronunciar. 4 (produce, provide, ful-
fil) cumplir. 5 med (baby) asistir en el
parto de, atender en el parto de.
delivery [dIlIvrI] n 1 (act - gen) entre
ga, reparto; (- of mail) reparto. 2 (con-
signment) partida, remesa. 3 (manner of
speaking) modo de hablar. 4 (of baby)
parto. 5 (throwing, launching - of ball, mis-
sile) lanzamiento. c o m p delivery note
albarn de entrega.
pl deliveries.
98
delta [delt] n 1 geog delta m. 2 (Greek
letter) delta.
deltoid [deltId] adj deltoides.
P n deltoides m.
delude [dIlUd] vt engaar.
deluge [deljUdZ] n 1 (rain) diluvio;
(flood) inundacin f. 2 fig avalancha,
alud m.
delusion [dIlUZn] n 1 (false belief) falsa
ilusin f; (mistaken idea) error m. 2 (act,
state) engao.
de luxe [dlks] adj de lujo.
demagogue [demgg] n demago
go,a.
demagogy [demggI] n demagogia.
demand [dImAnd] n 1 (request) solici
tud f, peticin f; (claim) exigencia; (for
pay rise, rights, etc) reclamacin f. 2
comm demanda. 3 (note, warning) aviso.
P vt (call for, insist on) exigir; (rights, condi-
tions, etc) reclamar.
demanding [dImAndIN] adj 1 (person -
gen) exigente; (awkward) difcil. 2 (tir-
ing - job, etc) agotador,ra.
dementia [dImenSI] n demencia.
demise [dImaIz] n 1 (death) falleci
miento, defuncin f. 2 fig (end) desa
paricin f; (failure) fracaso.
demist [dimIst] vt desempaar.
demo [demU] n 1 (recording, tape) ma
queta. 2 fam (demonstration) manifa f,
manifestacin f. 3 inform demo.
pl demos.
demobilize [dimUbIlaIz] vt desmo
vilizar.
democracy [dImkrsI] n democracia.
pl democracies.
democrat [demkrQt] n demcrata mf.
demography [dImgrfI] n demogra
fa.
demolish [dImlIS] vt derribar, demo
ler, echar abajo.
demolition [demlISn] n demolicin f,
derribo.
demon [dimn] n demonio, diablo.
demonstrate [demnstreIt] vt de
mostrar.
Pvi (protest) manifestarse.
 99
demonstration [demnstreIS n] n 1
(act of showing) demostracin f, mues
tra. 3 (march) manifestacin f.
demonstrative [dImnstrtIv] adj 1
(person - showing feelings) abierto,a,
expresivo,a. 3 ling demostrati
vo,a.
demonstrator
manifestante mf.
[demnstreItr] n pol
demoralize [dImrlaIz] vt desmorali
zar.
den [den] n 1 (of animals) guarida. 2 (se-
cret meeting-place) antro. 3 fam (room)
cuarto; (for study) estudio.
denarius [dInerIs] n denario.
pl denarii [dInerII].
denaturize [dineItSraIz] vt desnatu
ralizar.
dendrite [dendraIt] n dendrita.
denial [dInaIl] n 1 (of accusation) men
ts m, desmentido 2 (of principle) nega
cin f. 3 (of rights, justice) denegacin f.
4 (of request) negativa, rechazo.
denim [denIm] n tela vaquera.
P n pl denims vaqueros mpl, tejanos mpl.
Denmark [denmAk] n Dinamarca.
denominate [dInmIneIt] vt denominar.
denomination [dInmIneISn] n 1 rel
confesin f. 2 (standard of value) valor
m. 3 (classification) denominacin f.
denominator [dInmIneItr] n math
denominador m.
denounce [dInaUns] vt denunciar.
dense [dens] adj denso,a.
density [densItI] n (gen) densidad f.
pl densities.
dent [dent] n (in car, metal) abolladura.
P vt (car, metal) abollar.
dentist [dentIst] n dentista mf.
dentistry [dentIstrI] n odontologa.
denture [dentSr] n (plate) prtesis f
dental.
P n pl dentures dentadura f sing postiza.
deny [dInaI] vt 1 (repudiate - accusation,
fact) negar; (rumour, report) desmentir;
(charge) rechazar. 2 (refuse - request) de
negar; (- rights, equality) privar de; (- ac-
cess) negar.
pt & pp denied, ger denying.
depth
deodorant [diUdrnt] n desodo
rante m.
deoxyribonucleic [diksIraIbUnjU-
kleIIk] n desoxirribonucleico,a.
depart [dIpAt] vi fml partir, salir.
department [dIpAtmnt] n 1 (in shop)
seccin f; (in company, organization) de
partamento, seccin f; (in government) D
ministerio. 2 fam (responsibility) cam
po, esfera, terreno.
departure [dIpAtS r] n 1 (of person)
partida, marcha; (of plane, train, etc) sa
lida. 2 fig (divergence) desviacin f;
(venture, type of activity) innovacin f.
depend [dIpend] vi depender.
a to depend on vt confiar en.
depict [dIpIkt] vt 1 (portray visually, in
music) pintar, representar, retratar. 2
(describe in writing) describir, retratar.
deplore [dIplr] vt deplorar.
deploy [dIplI] vt 1 mil desplegar. 2
(use effectively) utilizar, hacer uso de.
deport [dIpt] vt deportar.
deportee [dipti] n deportado,a.
depose [dIpUz] vt 1 (remove from power -
leader, president) deponer, destituir; (-
king) destronar. 2 jur declarar, deponer.
deposit [dIpzIt] n 1 (sediment) sedi
mento, depsito; (layer) capa. 2 (min-
ing - of gold,etc) yacimiento. 3 fin (pay-
ment into account) depsito, ingreso.
, Deposit no significa depsito (reci
piente), que se traduce por tank.
depot [depU] n (storehouse) almacn m.
depreciate [dIpriSIeIt] vi fin depre
ciarse.
vt fin depreciar, amortizar.
P
depress [dIpres] vt 1 (make sad) depri
mir. 2 (reduce - prices, sales, wages) redu
cir, disminuir. 3 fml (press down) pul
sar, apretar.
depression [dIpreSn] n depresin f.
depressive [dIpresIv] adj depresivo,a.
deprive [dIpraIv] vt privar (of, de).
depth [depT] n (of hole, swimming pool,
mine, etc) profundidad f; (of cupboard,
shelf) fondo; (of hem, border) ancho.
 deputation
deputation [depjUteIS n] n delega
cin f.
deputy [depjtI] n 1 (substitute) sus
tituto,a, suplente mf. 2 pol dipu
tado,a. 3 us ayudante mf del shrif.
c o m p deputy head educ subdirector,ra.
pl deputies.
derby [dAbI] n 1 sp (between two local
teams) derby m. 2 us (horse race) carrera
(de caballos). 3 us (bowler hat) bombn
m, sombrero (de) hongo.
pl derbies.
derelict [derIlIkt] adj (building) aban
donado,a, en ruinas.
deride [dIraId] vt burlarse de, ridicu
lizar, rerse de.
derive [dIraIv] vt (get, obtain) sacar, re
cibir.
P vi 1 ling (word) derivar, derivarse
(from, de). 2 (stem from - problem, attitude)
provenir (from, de).
dermatitis [dmtaItIs] n dermatitis f.
dermis [dmIs] n dermis f.
derogatory [dIrgtrI] adj (remark, at-
titude, article) despectivo,a; (meaning,
sense) peyorativo,a.
derrick [derIk] n 1 (crane) gra. 2 (tower
over oil well) torre f de perforacin.
descend [dIsend] vt descender, bajar.
descent [dIsent] n (by plane, climbers, etc)
descenso, bajada; (slope) pendiente f,
declive m.
describe [dIskraIb] vt 1 (depict in words)
describir. 2 (call, characterize) calificar,
definir. 3 (move in shape) describir;
(draw) trazar.
desert1 [dezt] n desierto.
desert2 [dIzt] vt (family, person, place)
abandonar; (political party, idea) deser
tar (from, de).
deserve [dIzv] vt merecer, merecerse.
desiccation [desIkeISn] n desecacin f.
design [dIzaIn] n 1 art (gen) diseo,
dibujo. 2 (plan, drawing) plano, pro
yecto; (sketch) boceto; (of dress) patrn
m; (of product, model) modelo. 3 fig (pur-
pose, intention) plan m, intencin, pro
yecto.
100
P vt 1 (gen) disear, proyectar; (fash-
ion, set, product) disear; (course, pro-
gramme) planear, estructurar. 2 (devel-
op for a purpose) concebir, idear; (intend,
mean) pensar, destinar.
designate [(vb) dezIgneIt; (adj) dezIgnt]
vt 1 fml (indicate, mark, show) indicar, se
alar. 2 (appoint) designar, nombrar.
desire [dIzaIr] n deseo.
P vt fml desear.
desist [dIzIst] vi fml desistir (from, de).
desk [desk] n 1 (in school) pupitre m; (in
office) escritorio. 2 (service area) mos
trador m. 3 (newspaper office) seccin f.
desktop [desktp] n escritorio. c o m p
desktop computer ordenador de so
bremesa. y desktop publishing au
toedicin.
desolate [deslt] adj 1 (place) deshabi
tado,a, desierto,a. 2 (person - sad) tris
te, desconsolado,a; (lonely) solita
rio,a.
P vt desolar.
despair [dIsper] n desesperacin f.
P vi desesperar (of, de), desesperarse
(of, por).
desperado [desprAdU] n foraji
do,a.
desperate [desprt] adj (reckless, risky)
desesperado,a.
despicable [dIspIkbl] adj (person, act)
despreciable, vil; (behaviour) indigno,a.
despise [dIspaIz] vt despreciar, me
nospreciar.
despite [dIspaIt] prep a pesar de: she
went to work despite having a bad cold se
fue a trabajar a pesar de estar muy res
friada.
despondent [dIspndnt] adj desalen
tado,a, desanimado,a, abatido,a.
despot [despt] n dspota mf.
dessert [dIzt] n postre m.
destabilize [disteIblaIz] vt desesta
bilizar.
destination [destIneISn] n destino.
destined [destInd] adj 1 (intended, meant)
destinado,a. 2 (fated) condenado,a,
destinado,a. 3 (bound) con destino
(for, a).

destiny [destInI] n destino, sino.
pl destinies.
, Destiny no significa destino (punto de
llegada), que se traduce por destination.
destitute [destItjUt] adj indigente,
msero,a.
, To destitute no significa destituir,
que se traduce por to dismiss.
destroy [dIstrI] vt destruir.
destruction [dIstrkS n] n destruc
cin f.
detach [dItQtS] vt 1 (separate, remove)
separar, quitar; (unstick) despegar: you
can detach the collar from the coat se pue
de quitar el cuello del abrigo. 2 mil des
tacar.
detached [dItQtSt] adj 1 (separated - gen)
separado,a, suelto,a. 2 (person, manner
- impartial) objetivo,a, imparcial;
(- aloof) distante, indiferente. c o m p de
tached house vivienda unifamiliar.
detail [diteIl] n detalle m, pormenor m.
P vt 1 (describe) detallar. 2 mil destacar.
P n pl details (information) informacin f;
(particulars) datos mpl.
detain [dIteIn] vt 1 (hold - in custody) de
tener. 2 (delay) entretener, demorar.
detainee [diteIni] n detenido,a.
detect [dItekt] vt 1 (gen) detectar. 2 (dis-
cover - crime, criminal, fraud) descubrir.
detective [dItektIv] n (private) detective
mf; (in police force) agente mf, oficial mf.
detector [dItektr] n detector m.
detente [deItnt] n distensin f.
detention [dItenSn] n 1 jur (of suspect)
detencin f, arresto. 2 educ (of pupil)
castigo.
deter [dItr] vt 1 (person - dissuade) di
suadir (from, de). 2 (prevent, stop) im
pedir.
pt & pp deterred, ger deterring.
detergent [dItdZnt] n detergente m.
deteriorate [dItIrIreIt] vi (economy,
health, situation, relations, material) dete
riorarse; (weather, work) empeorar.
deterioration [dItIrIreISn] n (gen)
empeoramiento; (of material) deterioro.
101 develop
determination [dItmIneISn] n de
terminacin f.
determine [dItmIn] vt determinar.
determined [dItmInd] adj (person)
decidido,a, resuelto,a; (attempt, ef-
fort) enrgico,a, persistente.
, Determined no significa determina
do (cierto), que se traduce por particular. D
determiner [dItmIn ] n ling deter
r
minante m.
deterrent [dIternt] adj disuasivo,a,
disuasorio,a.
P n fuerza disuasoria, fuerza disua
siva.
detest [dItest] vt detestar, odiar, abo
rrecer: I detest cooking odio cocinar.
detonate [detneIt] vi estallar, deto
nar, explotar.
P vt hacer estallar, hacer explotar.
detonation [detneIS n] n detona
cin f.
detour [ditUr] n (in traffic) desvo.
detract [dItrQkt] vt to detract from
(achievement) quitar mrito(s) a, restar
valor a; (beauty) deslucir.
detractor [dItrQktr] n detractor,ra.
detritus [dItraIts] n 1 geol detrito,
detritus m. 2 (debris) deshechos mpl.
deuce [djUs] n (in tennis) cuarenta mpl
iguales.
devaluation [divQljUeISn] n fin de
valuacin f, desvaloracin f.
devalue [divQljU] vt 1 fin (currency)
devaluar, desvalorizar. 2 (person,
achievement) subvalorar.
devastate [devsteIt] vt 1 (city, area,
country) devastar. 2 fam fig (person)
anonadar, apabullar.
devastation [devsteISn] n devasta
cin f
develop [dIvelp] vt 1 (gen) desarro
llar; (foster - trade, arts) fomentar, pro
mover. 2 (acquire - habit, quality, feature)
contraer, adquirir; (- talent, interest)
mostrar; (get - illness, disease) contraer.
3 (exploit - resources) explotar; (- site, land)
urbanizar. 4 (film, photograph) revelar.
P vi 1 (gen) desarrollarse; (- system) per
feccionarse. 2 (evolve - emotion) conver
 developer
tirse (into, en), transformarse (into,
en); (plot, novel) desarrollarse. 3 (appear
- problem, complication, symptom) aparecer,
surgir; (situation, crisis) producirse. 4 (of
film, photograph) salir.
developer [dIvelpr] n 1 (of land, prop-
erty - company) promotora inmobilia
ria, empresa constructora; (- person)
constructor,ra. 2 (for photographs) re
velador m.
developing [dIvelpIN] adj (country) en
vas de desarrollo.
development [dIvelpmnt] n 1 (gen)
desarrollo; (- of skill, system) perfeccin
f; (fostering) fomento, promocin f; (evo-
lution) evolucin f. 2 (invention - of product)
creacin f. 4 (event, incident) aconteci
miento, suceso; (advance) avance m,
conquista. 5 (of resources) explotacin f;
(of site, land, etc) urbanizacin f.
deviance [divIns] n desviacin f.
deviant [divInt] adj anormal.
P n pervertido,a.
deviate [divIeIt] vi desviarse (from, de).
device [dIvaIs] n 1 (object, equipment)
aparato, artefacto; (mechanism) meca
nismo, dispositivo. 2 (scheme, trick) ar
did m, estratagema.
devil [devl] n diablo, demonio.
devious [divIs] adj tortuoso,a, si
nuoso,a.
devise [dIvaIz] vt (plan, scheme) idear,
concebir, crear; (object, tool) inventar.
devoid [dIvId] adj carente (of, de),
desprovisto,a (of, de).
devote [dIvUt] vt (time, effort) dedicar,
consagrar.
devoted [dIvUtId] adj (loyal - friend) fiel
(to, a), leal (to, a); (- couple) unido,a;
(- follower, supporter) ferviente; (selfless)
abnegado,a: your devoted daughter tu
hija que te quiere.
devotion [dIvUSn] n 1 (loyalty) lealtad
f, fidelidad f; (love) cario, afecto,
amor m. 2 (to work, research, cause) dedi
cacin f, entrega. 3 rel (devoutness) de
vocin f.
devour [dIvaUr] vt devorar.
dew [djU] n roco.
102
dexterity [deksterItI] n (manual) des
treza, maa; (intellectual) habilidad f.
diabetes [daIbitiz] n diabetes f.
pl diabetes.
diabolical [daIblIkl] adj 1 (evil) dia
blico,a. 2 gb fam (extremely bad) es
pantoso,a, atroz.
diabolo [dIQblU] n dibolo.
diacritic [daIkrItIk] adj diacrtico,a.
P n signo diacrtico.
diadem [daIdem] n diadema.
diaeresis [daIersIs] n diresis fpl.
pl diaereses [daIersiz].
diagnose [daIgnUz] vt med diagnos
ticar.
diagnosis [daIgnUsIs] n med diag
nstico.
pl diagnoses [daIgnUsis].
diagonal [daIQgnl] adj (line) diago
nal; (path) en diagonal.
P n diagonal f.
diagram [daIgrQm] n (gen) diagrama
m; (graph) grfico, grfica; (of process,
system) esquema m.
dialect [daIlekt] n dialecto.
dial [daIl] n 1 (of clock) esfera. 2 (of ra-
dio) dial m.
P vt marcar. c o m p dialling code prefijo
(telefnico). y dialling tone seal f de
llamada.
dialogue [daIlg] n dilogo.
diameter [daIQmItr] n dimetro.
diamond [daImnd] n 1 (stone) dia
mante m, brillante m. 2 (shape) rom
bo. 3 (in cards) diamante m.
diaper [daIpr] n us paal m.
diaphragm [daIfrQm] n diafragma m.
diarrhoea [daIrI] n diarrea.
diary [daIrI] n 1 (of thoughts, events, etc)
diario. 2 (for appointments) agenda.
pl diaries.
, Diary no significa diario (peridico),
que se traduce por newspaper.
diastole [daIstlI] n distole f.
dice [daIs] n dado.
pl dice.
dichotomy [daIktmI] n dicotoma.
pl dichotomies.

dictate [(vb) dIkteIt; (n) dIkteIt] vt 1 (let-
ter, etc) dictar. 2 (state, lay down - law, de-
mands, trends) ordenar; (terms, conditions)
imponer.
P vi (read out) dictar.
P n mandato.
dictation [dIkteISn] n dictado.
dictator [dIkteItr] n dictador,ra.
dictatorship [dIkteItSIp] n dictadura.
dictionary [dIkSnrI] n diccionario.
pl dictionaries.
did [dId] pt do.
didnt [dIdnt] pt do.
didactic [dIdQktIk] adj didctico,a.
die [daI] vi morir, morirse.
a to die away vi (noise) desvanecerse,
irse apagando; (breeze) amainar.
die-hard [daIhAd] n intransigente mf.
dieresis [daIersIs] n us diaeresis.
diesel [dizl] n 1 (fuel) gasleo, gasoil m.
2 (car) coche m diesel.
diet [daIt] n (food) dieta (alimenticia),
alimentacin f. 2 (restricted food) rgi
men m, dieta. l o c to be on a diet estar
a rgimen. y to go on a diet ponerse a
rgimen.
P adj (food) de rgimen, bajo,a en ca
loras.
P vi estar a rgimen, estar a dieta,
hacer rgimen, hacer dieta.
differ [dIfr] vi 1 (be unlike) ser distinto,a
(from, de), ser diferente (from, de), di
ferir (from, de). 2 (disagree) discrepar
(about/on, en).
difference [dIfrns] n diferencia.
different [dIfrnt] adj diferente (from,
de), distinto,a (from, de).
differential [dIfrenSl] adj diferencial.
P n 1 fin diferencial m . 2 [tambin
differential gear] auto diferencial m.
differentiate [dIfrenSIeIt] vt diferen
ciar (from, de), distinguir (from, de).
P vi distinguir (between, entre).
difficult [dIfIklt] adj difcil.
difficulty [dIfIkltI] n dificultad f.
pl difficulties.
diffuse [(adj) dIfjUs ; (vb) dIfjUz] adj
(light, gas) difuso,a.
P vt (light, heat, news) difundir.
103 dim
diffusion [dIfjUZ n] n difusin f.
dig [dIg] n 1 (poke, prod) codazo. 2 fam
(gibe) pulla; (hint) indirecta. 3 (by ar-
chaeologists) excavacin f.
P vt (ground, garden) cavar (en); (by ma-
chine - tunnel, trench) excavar; (by hand -
hole) hacer, cavar; (site) excavar.
a to dig into vt insep 1 (investigate, exam- D
ine) investigar. 2 (resources, savings, re-
serves) echar mano de.
a to dig out vt sep (trapped person, car)
sacar, desenterrar.
pt & pp dug, ger digging.
digest [ (n) daIdZest ; (vb) dIdZest] n
(summary) resumen m, compendio.
P vt digerir.
digestion [dIdZestSn] n digestin f.
digestive [daIdZestIv] adj digestivo,a.
digger [dIgr] n excavadora.
digit [dIdZIt] n 1 math dgito. 2 anat
(finger) dedo; (thumb) pulgar m.
digital [dIdZItl] adj 1 (watch, display, re-
cording) digital. 2 anat dactilar, digital.
dignify [dIgnIfaI] vt dignificar.
pt & pp dignified, ger dignifying.
dignitary [dIgnItrI] n dignatario,a.
pl dignitaries.
dignity [dIgnItI] n dignidad f.
dilapidated [dIlQpIdeItId] adj (furni-
ture) desvencijado,a, en mal estado;
(building) ruinoso,a; (car) desvenci
jado,a, destartalado,a.
, Dilapidated no significa dilapidado
(malgastado), que se traduce por wasted.
dilate [daIleIt] vt dilatar.
dilation [daIleISn] n dilatacin f.
dilemma [dIlem] n dilema m.
diligence [dIlIdZns] n diligencia.
dill [dIl] n eneldo.
dilute [daIlUt] vt 1 (liquid, concentrate)
diluir. 2 fig (criticism, effect, influence) ate
nuar, suavizar.
P adj diluido,a.
dilution [daIlUSn] n dilucin f.
dim [dIm] adj 1 (light) dbil, tenue; (room,
corridor, corner) oscuro,a. 2 fam (person)
tonto,a, corto,a (de luces).
comp dimmer, superl dimmest.
 dime
P vt (light) atenuar, bajar; (eyes) nublar,
empaar; (memory) borrar, difuminar.
pt & pp dimmed, ger dimming.
dime [daIm] n us moneda de diez
centavos.
dimension [dImenSn] n dimensin f.
P n pl dimensions dimensiones fpl.
diminish [dImInIS] vt disminuir, reducir.
diminution [dImInjUSn] n disminu
cin f, reduccin f.
diminutive [dImInjtIv] adj 1 dimi
nuto,a. 2 ling diminutivo,a.
P n ling diminutivo.
dimmer [dIm r] [tambin dimmer
switch] n regulador m de intensidad
(de la luz).
dimple [dImpl] n hoyuelo.
din [dIn] n (of voices) barullo, alboroto;
(of traffic) estruendo, ruido.
dine [daIn] vi fml (gen) comer (on, -); (in
evening) cenar (on, -).
a to dine out vi cenar fuera.
diner [daInr] n 1 (person) comensal mf.
2 us restaurante m barato.
dinghy [dINgI] n bote m.
pl dinghies.
dingy [dIndZI] adj (dark, depressing - room,
house, street) lgubre, deprimente,
srdido,a; (drab - colour, wall, curtains)
deslucido,a; (dirty) sucio,a.
comp dingier, superl dingiest.
dining car [daInINkAr] n vagn m res
taurante.
dining room [daInINrUm] n comedor m.
dinner [dInr] n (at midday) comida; (in
l o c to have dinner cenar.
evening) cena.
comp dinner jacket esmoquin m, smo
king m.
" En los pases anglosajones la cena se
sirve mucho ms temprano que en Espa
a (entre las 17 h 30 y las 19 h) y es la comi
da ms importante del da.
dinosaur [daInsr] n dinosaurio.
diocese [daIsIs] n dicesis f.
dioxide [daIksaId] n dixido.
dip [dIp] n 1 (downward slope) declive m,
pendiente f; (drop - in prices, temperature,
sales, production, profits) cada, descen
104
so. 2 fam (quick swim) chapuzn m. 3
culin (sauce) salsa.
P vt 1 (put into liquid - pen, brush, bread)
mojar; (- hand, spoon) meter. 2 (lower -
head) agachar, bajar.
P vi bajar.
pt & pp dipped, ger dipping.
diphthong [dIfTN] n ling diptongo.
diploma [dIplUm] n diploma m.
diplomacy [dIplUmsI] n diplomacia.
diplomat [dIplmQt] n 1 (ambassador,
etc) diplomtico,a. 2 (tactful person)
persona diplomtica.
diplomatic [dIplmQtIk] adj diplom
tico,a.
dire [daI r] adj 1 (desperate, extreme)
extremo,a, urgente. 2 (serious, omi-
nous) serio,a, grave. 3 (terrible, dreadful)
terrible, atroz.
direct [dIrekt, daIrekt] adj 1 (gen) direc
to,a. 2 (exact, complete) exacto,a. 3 (straight
forward - person) franco,a, sincero,a;
(- question) directo,a; (- answer) claro,a.
P adv (go, write, phone) directamente;
(broadcast) en directo.
P vt 1 (gen) dirigir. 2 (show the way) in
dicar el camino a.
direction [dIrekSn, daIrekSn] n direc
cin f.
P n pl directions instrucciones f pl de
uso. l o c to ask for directions pregun
tar cmo se va.
directive [dIrektIv] n directiva, direc
triz f.
director [dIrektr, daIrektr] n direc
tor,ra.
directory [dIrektrI, daIrektrI] n 1 (tel-
ephone) gua telefnica, listn m (de
telfonos); (book, lost, index) directo
rio, gua. 2 [tambin street directory]
callejero.
pl directories.
dirt [dt] n 1 (dirtiness) suciedad f. 2
(earth) tierra. 3 fam (scandal, gossip)
chismes mpl, trapos mpl sucios.
dirty [dtI] adj 1 (gen) sucio,a; (stained)
manchado,a. c o m p dirty word pala
brota.
comp dirtier, superl dirtiest.
P vt ensuciar.

disability [dIsbIlItI] n (state) invali
dez f, discapacidad f, minusvala;
(handicap) desventaja, handicap m.
pl disabilities.
disabled [dIseIb ld] adj minusv
lido,a. c o m p disabled access acceso
para minusvlidos.
P n pl the disabled los minusvlidos.
disadvantage [dIsdvAntIdZ] n
(drawback) desventaja; (obstacle) incon
veniente m.
disadvantaged [dIsdvAntIdZd] adj
desfavorecido,a.
P n pl the disadvantaged los desfavo
recidos mpl.
disagree [dIsgri] vi 1 (not agree) no es
tar de acuerdo (on, en), (with, con),
disentir (with, de), discrepar (with,
de), (on, en). 3 (food) sentar mal (with,
a); (weather) no convenir (with, a).
disagreeable [dIsgrIbl] adj desa
gradable.
disagreement [dIsgrimnt] n 1 (dif-
ference of opinion) desacuerdo; (argument)
discusin f, ria, altercado. 2 (lack of
similarity) discrepancia.
disappear [dIspIr] vi desaparecer.
disappearance [dIspIrns] n desa
paricin f.
disappoint [dIspInt] vt decepcio
nar, defraudar, desilusionar.
disappointed [dIspIntId] adj de
cepcionado,-a.
disappointment [dIspIntmnt] n
desilusin f, decepcin f.
disapprove [dIsprUv] vt desaprobar
(of, -).
disarm [dIsAm] vt 1 (gen) desarmar;
(bomb) desactivar.
disarmament [dI sA m m nt ] n
desarme m.
disaster [dIzAstr] n desastre m.
disbelief [dIsbIlif] n incredulidad f.
disc [dIsk] n disco. c o m p disc jockey
pinchadiscos m sing.
discard [dIskAd] vt desechar, desha
cerse de.
discern [dIsn] vt percibir, distinguir.
105 discovery
discernment [dIsnmnt] n (buen)
criterio, discernimiento.
discharge [(n) dIstSAdZ; (vb) dIstSAdZ]
n 1 descarga. 2 (of prisoner) liberacin
f, puesta en libertad; (of patient) alta. 3
(of worker) despido.
P vt 1 (give, send out - sewage, waste, oil)
verter; (smoke, fumes) despedir; (- elec-
tric current) descargar. 2 (prisoner) libe
D
rar, poner en libertad; (patient) dar de
alta. 3 (dismiss) despedir.
disciple [dIsaIpl] n discpulo,a.
disciplinary [dIsIplInrI] adj discipli
nario,a.
discipline [dIsIplIn] n 1 (behaviour) dis
ciplina. 2 (punishment) castigo.
disclose [dIsklUz] vt 1 (make known) re
velar, dar a conocer. 2 (show) mos
trar, dejar ver.
disco [dIskU] n fam disco f, discoteca.
pl discos.
discomfort [dIskmft] n 1 incomo
didad f. 2 inquietud f, desasosiego.
disconnect [dIsknekt] vt (from mains)
desconectar; (gas, electricity, etc) cortar.
disconsolate [dIsknslt] adj des
consolado,a.
discontent [dIskntent] n descontento.
discontinue [dIskntInjU] vt (service)
suspender, interrumpir; (model) dejar
de fabricar.
discotheque [dIsktek] n fml discoteca.
discount [(n) dIskaUnt; (vb) dIskaUnt] n
descuento.
P vt (goods) rebajar; (price) reducir;
(amount, bill of exchange) descontar.
discourage [dIskrIdZ] vt 1 (dishearten)
desanimar, desalentar. 2 (dissuade)
disuadir (from, de).
discouragement [dIskrIdZmnt] n
desaliento, desnimo.
discover [dIskvr] vt (find - gen) descu
brir; (mistake, loss, fact) descubrir, dar
se cuenta de.
discoverer [dIskvrr] n descubri
dor,ra.
discovery [dIskvrI] n descubri
miento.
pl discoveries.
 discredit
discredit [dIskredIt] n (dishonour, dis-
grace) descrdito.
discreet [dIskrit] adj (gen) discreto,a;
(distance) prudencial.
discrepancy [dIskrepnsI] n discre
pancia.
pl discrepancies.
discrete [dIskrit] adj diferenciado,a,
distinto,a.
, Discrete no significa discreto, que
se traduce por discreet.
discretion [dIskreSn] n 1 (quality of be-
ing discreet) discrecin f; (prudence) pru
dencia. 2 (judgement) criterio, juicio.
discriminate [dIskrImIneIt] vi (treat dif-
ferently) discriminar (against, a; be-
tween, entre).
P vt (see a difference) distinguir ( from,
de), discriminar.
discrimination [dIskrImIneISn] n 1
(bias) discriminacin f. 2 (distinction) di
ferenciacin f, distincin f. 3 (judge-
ment) discernimiento, criterio.
discus [dIsks] n (object) disco.
P n the discus (event, sport) el lanza
miento de disco.
pl discuses o disci [diskaI].
discuss [dIsks] vt (talk about - person)
hablar de; (- subject, topic) hablar de,
tratar; (- plan, problem) discutir.
, To discuss no significa discutir (pe
learse), que se traduce por to argue.
discussion [dIskS n] n discusin f,
debate m.
, Discussion no significa discusin
(pelea), que se traduce por argument.
disdain [dIsdeIn] n desdn m, desprecio.
P vt desdear, despreciar.
disease [dIziz] n enfermedad f.
disembark [dIsImbAk] vt desembar
car.
disembarkation [dIsImbAkeIS n] n
(of people) desembarco; (of goods) de
sembarque m.
disenchanted [dIsIntSAntId] adj
desencantado,a, desilusionado,a.
106
disenchantment [dIsIntSAntmnt] n
desencanto, desilusin f.
disengage [dIsIngeIdZ] vt 1 (free - gen)
soltar ( from, de); (gears, mechanism)
desconectar. 2 mil (troops) retirar
(from, de).
disentangle [dIsIntQNgl] vt (unravel)
desenredar, desenmaraar.
disfavour [dIsfeIvr] n desaprobacin f.
disfigure [dIsfIgr] vt (face, person) des
figurar; (building, town, landscape) afear,
estropear.
disgrace [dIsgreIs] n 1 (loss of favour)
desgracia; (loss of honour) deshonra,
deshonor m . 2 (shame) escndalo,
vergenza.
P vt 1 (bring shame on) deshonrar. 2 (dis-
credit) desacreditar.
d i s g ra c e f u l [dIsgreIsfUl] adj
vergonzoso,a: its disgraceful es vergon
zoso, es una vergenza.
disguise [dIsgaIz] n disfraz m. l o c in
disguise disfrazado,-a.
P vt (person) disfrazar (as, de); (voice,
handwriting) disimular.
disgust [dIsgst] n (revulsion) asco, re
pugnancia; (strong disapproval) indig
nacin f.
P vt (revolt) repugnar, dar asco a; (dis-
approve) indignar.
, To disgust no significa disgusto, que
se traduce por displeasure o sorrow.
disgusting [dIsgstIN] adj asquero
so,a, repugnante.
dish [dIS] n 1 (plate) plato; (for serving)
fuente f. 2 culin (food) plato. 3 tv an
tena parablica.
P n pl dishes (crockery) platos mpl, vaji
lla f sing. l o c to do the dishes lavar los
platos.
dishcloth [dISklT] n trapo, bayeta.
dishearten [dIshAtn] vt descorazo
nar, desanimar, desalentar.
dishevel [dISevl] vt despeinar.
pt & pp dishevelled (us disheveled),
ger dishevelling (us disheveling).
dishonest [dIsnIst] adj (person, answer)
deshonesto,a, poco honrado,a;
(means, etc) fraudulento,a.
 107 displace
dishonour [dIsn ] n deshonra, des
r
disobedient [dIsbidInt] adj de
honor m. sobediente.
P vt deshonrar. disobey [dIsbeI] vt desobedecer.
dishonourable [dIsnrb l] adj disorder [dIsdr] n desorden m.
deshonroso,a. disordered [dIsdd] adj des or
dishwasher [dISwSr] n (machine) la denado,a.
vaplatos m, lavavajillas m; (person) disorganisation [dIsgnaIzeISn] n
lavaplatos mf. disorganization. D
disillusion [dIsIlUZn] vt desilusionar. disorganization [dIsgnaIzeISn] n
disinfect [dIsInfekt] vt desinfectar. desorganizacin f.
disinfection [dIsInfekSn] n desinfec disorganize [dIsgnaIz] vt desorga
cin f. nizar.
disinherit [dIsInherIt] vt desheredar. disorganized [dIsgnaIzd] adj
disintegration [dIsIntIgreISn] n des desorganizado,a.
integracin f. disorientate [dIsrInteIt] vt deso
disinter [dIsIntr] vt fml desenterrar. rientar.
pt & pp disinterred, ger disinterring. disorientation [dIsrInteIS n] n
disk [dIsk] n (gen) disco.c o m p disk drive desorientacin f.
comput disquetera. disown [dIsUn] vt renegar de, repu
diskette [dIsket] n comput disquete m. diar.
dislike [dIslaIk] n aversin f, antipa disparity [dIspQrItI] n fml (inequality)
ta. disparidad f; (difference) discrepancia.
dislocation [dIslkeISn] n med dislo pl disparities.
cacin f. dispatch [dIspQtS] n 1 mensaje, des
dislodge [dIsldZ] vt 1 (object) sacar. 2 pacho. 2 (journalists report) noticia, re
(person) desalojar (from , de). portaje m.
disloyal [dIslIl] adj desleal (to, a/ P vt 1 (send) enviar, expedir. 2 (finish
con). quickly) despachar.
dismal [dIzml] adj sombro,a, depri , To dispatch no significa despachar
mente, lgubre. (despedir), que se traduce por to dismiss.
dismantle [dIsmQntl] vt (take apart -
machinery) desmontar; (- furniture) dispel [dIspel] vt disipar.
desarmar. pt & pp dispelled, ger dispelling.
dismay [dIsmeI] n consternacin f. dispensary [dIspensrI] n (in hospital)
P vt consternar. dispensario; (in school) enfermera.
pl dispensaries.
, To dismay no significa desmayo,
dispense [dIspens] vt 1 (distribute) dis
que se traduce por faint.
tribuir, repartir. 2 jur (justice) admi
dismiss [dIsmIs] vt 1 descartar, de nistrar. 3 fml (public service) suminis
sechar. 2 (sack) despedir. trar, administrar.
dismissal [dIsmIsl] n 1 descarte m, a to dispense with vt insep prescindir
abandono. 2 (sacking - of employee) des de, pasar sin.
pido; (- of official, minister) destitucin f. dispenser [dIspensr] n mquina ex
dismissive [dIsmIsIv] adj desde pendedora.
oso,a. disperse [dIsps] vt dispersar.
dismount [dIsmaUnt] vi desmontarse dispersed [dIspst] adj disperso,a.
(from, de), apearse (from, de). displace [dIspleIs] vt 1 (gen) desplazar;
disobedience [dIsbidIns] n de (bone) dislocar. 2 (replace) sustituir, reem
sobediencia. plazar.
display
display [dIspleI] n 1 exposicin f ,
muestra. 2 comput visualizacin f.
P vt 1 exhibir, exponer. 5 comput vi
sualizar.
displease [dIspliz] vt fml disgustar.
displeasure [dIspleZr] n disgusto.
disposable [dIspUzbl] adj desecha
ble, de usar y tirar.
disposal [dIspUzl] n 1 eliminacin f.
2 disponibilidad f.
dispose [dIspUz] vt 1 disponer, colo
car. 2 fml predisponer (to/towards,
hacia).
a to dispose of vt insep 1tirar, desha
cerse de.
, To dispose no significa disponer de
(tener), que se traduce por to have.
disposition [dIspzISn] n 1 fml carc
ter m. 2 disposicin f.
dispossess [dIspzes] vt desposeer,
despojar.
disproportionate [dIsprpSnt] adj
desproporcionado,a (to, a).
disprove [dIsprUv] vt (theory) refutar,
rebatir.
disputable [dIspjUtbl] adj discuti
ble.
dispute [(n) dIspjUt; (vb) dIspjUt] n
discusin f.
P vi discutir.
disqualification [dIskwlIfIkeISn] n
descalificacin f.
disqualify [dIskwlIfaI] vt descalificar.
pt & pp disqualified, ger disqualify-
ing.
disregard [dIsrIgAd] n indiferencia
(for, hacia); despreocupacin f.
P vt (danger, difficulty) ignorar, despre
ciar.
disrespect [dIsrIspekt] n falta de res
peto.
disrespectful [dIsrIspektfUl] adj
irrespetuoso,a; irreverente.
disrupt [dIsrpt] vt interrumpir.
disruption [dIsrpSn] n (of meeting) in
terrupcin f; (of traffic) problemas mpl.
disruptive [dIsrptIv] adj perjudicial,
nocivo,a; perturbador,ra.
108
dissatisfaction [dIssQtIsfQkSn] n in
satisfaccin f, descontento.
dissatisfied [dIssQtIsfaId] adj insa
tisfecho,a, descontento,a.
dissect [dIsekt, daIsekt] vt diseccionar.
disseminate [dIsemIneIt] vt fml di
vulgar, difundir, diseminar.
dissemination [dIsemIneISn] n fml
diseminacin f, difusin f.
dissent [dIsent] n desacuerdo, dis
conformidad f.
P vi disentir, discrepar.
dissenting [dIsentIN] adj discrepante.
dissertation [dIsteISn] n 1 (formal dis-
course) disertacin f. 2 educ (for lower
degree, masters) tesina; (for PhD) tesis f
(doctoral).
dissidence [dIsIdns] n disidencia.
dissident [dIsIdnt] adj disidente.
P n disidente mf.
dissimilar [dIsImIlr] adj diferente (to,
de), distinto,a (to, de/a).
dissimilarity [dIsImIlQrItI] n diferen
cia.
dissimulate [dIsImjleIt] vt fml disi
mular; ocultar, encubrir.
P vi fml disimular.
dissipate [dIsIpeIt] vt dispersar; di
fundir.
P vi disiparse, desvanecerse.
dissipated [dIsIpeItId] adj disoluto,a,
disipado,a.
dissociate [dIsUSIeIt] vt (separate) di
sociar (from, de), separar (from, de).
dissolve [dIzlv] vt disolver.
dissuade [dIsweId] vt disuadir (from,
de).
dissuasion [dIsweIZn] n disuasin f.
dissuasive [dIsweIsIv] adj disuaso
rio,a.
distance [dIstns] n (gen) distan
cia. l o c from a distance desde lejos. y
in the distance a lo lejos.
P vt distanciar.
distant [dIstnt] adj lejano,a, distante.
distaste [dIsteIst] n aversin f, desa
grado.

distasteful [dIsteIstfUl] adj (idea, task)
desagradable; (joke, remark) de mal
gusto.
distend [dIstend] vt dilatar, hinchar.
P vi dilatarse, hincharse.
distil [dIstIl] vt destilar.
pt & pp distilled, ger distilling.
distill [dIstIl] vt us distil.
distillation [dIstIleISn] n destilacin f.
distiller [dIstIlr] n destilador,ra.
distillery [dIstIlrI] n destilera.
pl distilleries.
distinct [dIstINkt] adj distinto,a
(from, a), diferente (from, de).
distinction [dIstINkSn] n 1 diferen
cia, distincin f. 3 gb matrcula de
honor.
distinctive [dIstINktIv] adj distin
tivo,a, caracterstico,a; personal,
inconfundible.
distinctly [dIstINktlI] adv con clari
dad.
, Distinctly no significa de forma dis
tinta, que se traduce por differently.
distinguish [dIstINgwIS] vt distinguir.
P vi distinguir (between, entre).
distinguished [dIstINgwISt] adj dis
tinguido,a.
distort [dIstt] vt deformar.
distortion [dIstSn] n deformacin f.
distract [dIstrQkt] vt distraer (from,
de).
distracting [dIstrQktIN] adj (noise)
molesto,a; (presence) que distrae.
distraction [dIstrQkSn] n distraccin
f. 2 desconsuelo, afliccin f.
distraught [dIstrt] adj afligido,a.
distress [dIstres] n (mental) afliccin f,
angustia; (physical) dolor m; (exhaustion)
agotamiento. c o m p distress call seal
de socorro.
P vt (upset) afligir; (grieve) consternar.
distressing [dIstresIN] adj penoso,a,
angustioso,a.
distribute [dIstrIbjUt] vt distribuir.
distribution [dIstrIbjUSn] n distribu
cin f.
109 diversion
distributor [dIstrIbjt ] n distribui
r
dor,ra.
district [dIstrIkt] n (of town, city) distri
to, barrio; (of country) regin f, zona.
distrust [dIstrst] n desconfianza, re
celo.
vt desconfiar de, no fiarse de.
D
P
disturb [dIstb] vt molestar.
disturbed [dIstbd] adj pertur
bado,a.
disturbing [dIstbIN] adj inquietante.
disuse [dIsjUs] n desuso.
ditch [dItS] n (gen) zanja; (at roadside)
cuneta; (for irrigation) acequia.
P vt fam deshacerse de.
P vi av hacer un aterrizaje forzoso.
dither [dIDr] vi vacilar, titubear.
ditto [dItU] n (in list) dem m.
diuretic [daIjretIk] adj diurtico,a.
diurnal [daInl] adj diurno,a.
divan [dIvQn] n (couch) divn m, cana
p m.
dive [daIv] n 1 (into water) zambullida;
(in competition) salto (de trampoln); (un-
derwater) buceo; (whale) inmersin f. 2
(of plane, bird) picado.
P vi [ us pt dove [dUv] ] 1 (into water)
zambullirse, tirarse (de cabeza); (in
competition) saltar; (underwater) bucear;
(whale) sumergirse. 2 (birds, planes) ba
jar en picado. 3 (move suddenly) preci
pitarse hacia.
a to dive in vi zambullirse, tirarse de
cabeza.
diver [daIvr] n buzo, submarinista mf.
diverge [daIvdZ] vi (gen) divergir;
(roads) bifurcarse.
divergence [daIvdZns] n divergen
cia.
divergent [daIvdZnt] adj divergente.
diverse [daIvs] adj diverso,a, va
riado,a.
diversification [daIvsIfIkeISn] n 1
(variety) variedad f. 2 comm diversifi
cacin f.
diversify [daIvsIfaI] vt diversificar.
pt & pp diversified, ger diversifying.
diversion [daIvSn] n desvo, desvia
cin f.
 diversity
diversity [daIvsItI] n diversidad f.
divert [daIvt] vt 1 desviar. 2 divertir.
divest [daIvest] vt despojar, privar
(of, de).
divide [dIvaId] vt dividir, separar.
P vi dividirse, bifurcarse.
P n fml divisin f, diferencia.
divided [dIvaIdId] adj (opinion) dividi
do,a.
dividend [dIvIdend] n dividendo.
divider [dIvaIdr] n (in file) separador
m; (in room) mampara.
dividers [dIvaIdz] n pl comps m de
punta (fija).
divine [dIvaIn] adj divino,a.
diviner [dIvaInr] n zahor m.
diving [daIvIN] n 1 buceo, submari
nismo. 2 (in competition) saltos mpl (de
trampoln). c o m p diving board tram
poln m. y diving mask gafas f pl de
bucear.
divinity [dIvInItI] n 1 (quality, state) di
vinidad f. 2 (subject) teologa.
pl divinities.
divisible [dIvIzbl] adj divisible.
division [dIvIZn] n divisin f, reparto.
divisor [dIvaIzr] n divisor m.
divorce [dIvs] n divorcio.
vi divorciarse.
P
divorced [dIvst] adj divorciado,a.
divulge [daIvldZ] vt divulgar, reve
lar.
DIY [diaIwaI] abbr gb (do-it-yourself)
bricolaje m.
dizziness [dIzIns] n mareo, vrtigo.
dizzy [dIzI] adj 1 (person) mareado,a. 2
(speed, pace) vertiginoso,a; (height) de
vrtigo.
comp dizzier, superl dizziest.
DJ1 [didZeI] abbr gb fam (dinner jacket)
esmoquin m, smoking m.
DJ2 [didZeI] abbr (disc jockey) pincha
discos m, disc-jockey m.
DNA [dieneI] abbr (deoxyribonucleic
acid) cido desoxirribonucleico; (ab-
breviation) ADN m.
do [dU] vt 1 (gen) hacer. 2 (as job) dedi
carse. 3 (be sufficient for) ser suficiente;
(be satisfactory for, acceptable to) ir bien a. 4
110
fam (cheat, swindle) estafar, timar. l o c
how do you do? (greeting) buenos das,
buenas tardes; (answer) mucho gusto.
. Do es el verbo auxiliar que se emplea
en ingls con la mayora de los verbos pa
ra formar las preguntas (do you like
dancing? te gusta bailar?; does she live
in Spain? vive en Espaa?) y formar las
frases negativas (I dont want to go no
quiero ir; he doesnt play tennis no jue
ga a tenis). Tambin sirve para sustituir al
verbo principal en las respuestas (did you
see the film? no I didnt viste la pel
cula no, no la vi) y para otros usos, como
en las question tags o como manera de
enfatizar una afirmacin.
a to do away with vt insep abolir, su
primir.
a to do for vt insep (manage) arreglrse
las para conseguir.
a to do in vt sep fam matar, agotar.
a to do up vt sep 1 fam (fasten, belt)
abrochar(se). 2 (wrap) envolver. 3
(dress up) arreglar.
a to do with vt insep (need) venir bien a.
a to do without vi arreglrselas sin.
pt did [dId], pp done [dn], ger doing.
doc [dk] n fam doctor,ra.
docile [dUsaIl] adj dcil.
dock1 [dk] n 1 mar (gen) muelle m; (for
cargo) drsena. 2 jur banquillo (de los
acusados).
P vt (ship) atracar ( at , a); (spaceship)
acoplar.
P n pl docks puerto.
dock2 [dk] vt 1 (animals tail) cortar. 2
(wages) descontar dinero de.
docker [dkr] n estibador,ra, carga
dor,ra.
dockland [dklQnd] n zona del puer
to, zona portuaria.
" En Londres Docklands es la antigua zo
na portuaria cerca del ro Tmesis donde
se han establecido muchas grandes em
presas, sobre todo del sector financiero.
dockside [dksaId] n drsena.
dockyard [dkjAd] n astillero.

doctor [dkt ] n mdico,a, doctor,
r
ra.
P vt pej falsificar, amaar.
doctorate [dktrt] n doctorado.
doctrine [dktrIn] n doctrina.
document [dkjmnt] n documento.
P vt documentar.
documentary [dkjmentrI] adj do
cumental.
P n documental m.
pl documentaries.
documentation [dkjmnteIS n] n
documentacin f.
dodder [ddr] vi fam andar tamba
lendose.
doddery [ddrI] adj fam chocho,a.
doddle [ddl] c o m p its a doddle fam
es pan comido, est chupado.
dodecagon [dUdekgn] n dodec
gono.
dodecahedron [dUdekhidrn] n
dodecaedro.
dodecasyllable [dUdeksIlb l] n
dodecaslabo.
dodge [ddZ] n 1 (quick movement) regate
m. 2 fam (trick) truco, treta, artimaa.
P vt esquivar.
dodgems [ddZmz] n pl coches mpl
de choque, autos mpl de choque.
dodgy [ddZI] adj 1 fam (risky) arriesga
do,a. 2 fam (person) que no es de fiar.
comp dodgier, superl dodgiest.
doe [dU] n (of deer) gama; (of rabbit) co
neja.
does [dz] pres do.
doesnt [dznt] contr (does + not) do.
dog [dg] n perro,a.
Pvt (pursue) perseguir.
pt & pp dogged, ger dogging.
dogged [dgId] adj terco,a, obstina
do,a.
doggie [dgI] n doggy.
doggy [dgI] n perrito,a.
pl doggies.
doghouse [dghaUs] n us caseta del
perro.
dogma [dgm] n dogma m.
111 dominion
dogmatic [dgmQtIk] adj dogm
tico,a.
dogmatism [dgmtIzm] n dogma
tismo.
dog-tired [dgtaId] adj rendido,a,
hecho,a polvo.
doh [dU] n mus do.
D
do-it-yourself [dUItjself] n bricola
je m.
dole [dUl] n the dole gb fam el subsi
dio de desempleo, el paro.
a to dole out vt sep repartir, dar.
doll [dl] n mueca.
a to doll up vt sep fam poner gua
po,a.
dollar [dlr] n dlar m.
dolly [dlI] n (doll) mueca.
pl dollies.
dolmen [dlmn] n dolmen m.
dolphin [dlfIn] n delfn m.
domain [dmeIn] n 1 (lands) dominios
mpl. 2 (in computing) dominio. 3 (sphere
of knowledge) campo, esfera; (area of ac-
tivity) mbito.
dome [dUm] n arch (roof) cpula; (ceil-
ing) bveda.
domestic [dmestIk] adj 1 dom s
tico,a: domestic animal animal domsti
co. 2 hogareo,a, casero,a. 3 (news,
flight) nacional; (trade, policy) interior;
(affairs, policy, market) interno,a.
domesticate [dmestIkeIt] vt domes
ticar.
domicile [dmIsaIl] n jur domicilio.
dominance [dmInns] n dominio.
dominant [dmInnt] adj dominante.
dominate [dmIneIt] vt dominar.
P vi (predominate) predominar.
domination [dmIneISn] n domina
cin f.
domineer [dmInIr] vi avasallar.
domineering [dmInIrIN] adj domi
nante.
Dominica [dmInik] n Dominica.
Dominican [dmInIkn] adj domini
cano,a.
P n dominicano,a. c o m p Dominican
Republic Repblica Dominicana.
dominion [dmInjn] n dominio.
domino
domino [dmInU] n ficha de domin.
P n pl dominoes (game) domin m.
pl dominoes.
donate [dUneIt] vt donar.
donation [dUneISn] n 1 (act) dona
cin f. 2 (gift) donativo.
done [dn] pp do.
P adj 1 (finished) terminado,a,
hecho,a. 2 bien visto,a.
donkey [dNkI] n burro,a, asno.
donor [dUnr] n donante m.
dont [dUnt] aux (do + not) do.
donut [dUnt] n doughnut.
doodle [dUdl] vi garabatear.
P n garabato.
doom [dUm] n (fate) destino; (ruin) fa
talidad f; (death) muerte f.
P vt (destine) destinar; (condemn) conde
nar.
door [dr] n 1 (gen) puerta. 2 (entrance)
puerta, entrada.
doorbell [dbel] n timbre m.
doorknob [dnb] n pomo.
doorman [dmn] n portero.
doormat [dmQt] phr felpudo.
doorstep [dstep] n 1 peldao, um
bral m. 2 gb fam (thick slice of bread) re
banada gruesa de pan.
doorstop [dstp] n cua, tope.
door-to-door [dtd] adj de puerta
en puerta, a domicilio.
doorway [dweI] n entrada, portal m.
dope [dUp] vt 1 fam (food, drink) adul
terar con drogas, poner droga en. 2
sp (athlete, horse) dopar, drogar.
doping [dUpIN] n dopaje m, doping m.
dormant [dmnt] adj 1 (volcano) inac
tivo,a; (animal, plant) aletargado,a.
2 fig (idea, emotion, rivalry) latente.
dormer [dm r] [tambin dormer
window] n buhardilla.
dormitory [dmItrI] n 1 (in boarding
school, hostel) dormitorio. 2 us residen
cia de estudiantes, colegio mayor.
pl dormitories.
, Dormitory no significa dormitorio (de
una casa), que se traduce por bedroom.
dormouse [dmaUs] n lirn m.
112
pl dormice [dmaIs].
dorsal [dsl] adj dorsal.
dosage [dUsIdZ] n (amount) dosis f; (on
medicine bottle) posologa.
dose [dUs] n dosis f.
P vt medicar.
doss [ds] n fam (short sleep) cabezada.
a to doss down vi gb fam echarse a
dormir.
dossier [dsIeI] n expediente m, dos
sier m.
dot [dt] n (spot) punto.
P vt 1 (letter) poner el punto a. 2 (scat-
ter) esparcir, salpicar.
pt & pp dotted, ger dotting.
dote [dUt] vi to dote on adorar.
dotted [dtId] adj (line) de puntos.
dotty [dtI] adj gb fam chiflado,a.
comp dottier, superl dottiest.
double [dbl] adj doble. c o m p double
bass contrabajo. y double bed cama
de matrimonio. y double room habi
tacin doble.
n doble.
P
P vt 1 (increase twofold) doblar, duplicar.
2 (fold in half) doblar por la mitad.
P n pl doubles (tennis) partido de do
bles.
a to double back vi volver sobre sus
pasos.
a to double up vt sep doblar.
P vi 1 (with pain, laughter) doblarse; (with
laughter) partirse, mondarse. 2 (share)
compartir la habitacin.
double-click [dblklIk] vi hacer do
ble clic.
double-cross [dblkrs] vt fam enga
ar, traicionar.
double-dealing [dbldilIN] n doble
juego.
double-decker [dbldekr] n [tam
bin double-decker bus] gb autobs m
de dos pisos.
" Double-decker es cualquier vehculo de
dos pisos. Sin embargo el double-decker
por antonomasia es el clsico autobs lon
dinense rojo.

double-edged [dbledZd] adj de do downhill [daUnhIl] adv cuesta abajo.
ble filo.
double-park [dblpAk] vt estacio download [daUnlUd] vt bajar; (inter-
nar en doble fila.
doubt [daUt] n (gen) duda; incerti
dumbre f.
P vi dudar.
doubtful [daUtfUl] adj dudoso,a,
incierto,a.
doubtless [daUtls] adv sin duda, in
dudablemente.
dough [dU] n 1 culin masa. 2 sl (mon-
ey) pasta.
doughnut [dUnt] n rosquilla, do
nut m.
Douro [dUrU] n el Duero.
douse [daUs] vt 1 (extinguish - light, can-
dle) apagar. 2 (soak) mojar, empapar.
dove1 [dv] n (bird) paloma (blanca).
dove2 [dUv] pt us dive.
dovecote [dvkeUt] n palomar m.
dowdy [daUdI] adj pej sin gracia, sin
estilo
comp dowdier, superl dowdiest.
down1 [daUn] prep 1 (to a lower level) (ha
cia) abajo. 2 (at a lower level) abajo. 3
(along) por: cut it down the middle crtalo
por la mitad.
P adv 1 (to lower level) (hacia) abajo. 2
(on paper, in writing): she wrote his phone
number down apunt su telfono.
P vt 1 (knock over, force to ground) derri
bar, tumbar. 2 fam (drink) beberse r
pidamente: he downed the glass in one se
bebi el vaso de un trago.
down2 [daUn] n (on bird) plumn m; (on
peach) pelusa; (on body) vello.
downcast [daUnkAst] adj abatido,a.
downer [daUnr] n 1 fam (drug) cal
mante m, sedante m. 2 (blow, depressing
experience) palo.
downfall [daUnfl] n 1 fig (of person)
perdicin f, ruina. 2 (of regime, dictator,
etc) cada.
downgrade [daUngreId] vt 1 (demote)
bajar de categora. 2 (make seem unim-
portant) restar importancia a.
downhearted [daUnhAtId] adj desa
nimado,a, desmoralizado,a.
113 draft
P n (in skiing) descenso.
net) descargar.
downpour [daUnpr] n chaparrn m,
aguacero.
downright [daUnraIt] adj fam des
carado,a. D
P adv fam muy, absolutamente.
downs [daUnz] n pl gb colinas fpl.
Downs syndrome [daUnz sIndrUm]
n med sndrome m de Down.
downstairs [daUnstez] adv (down the
stairs) abajo.
P adj (room) (del piso) de abajo.
P n planta baja.
downstream [daUnstrim] adv ro
abajo.
downtown [daUntaUn] adj us cn
trico,a.
P n us centro de la ciudad.
downward [daUnwd] adj (movement)
descendente; (direction, pressure) hacia
abajo.
downwards [daUnwdz] adv hacia
abajo.
downy [daUnI] adj aterciopelado,a.
comp downier, superl downiest.
dowry [daUrI] n dote f.
pl dowries.
doze [dUz] n cabezada.
P vi dormitar, echar una cabezada.
a to doze off vi quedarse dorm i
do,a.
dozen [dzn] n docena.
dozy [dUzI] adj 1 (sleepy) adorm i
lado,a. 2 gb fam (stupid) tonto,a.
comp dozier, superl dozier.
Dr [dkt r] abbr (Doctor) Doctor,ra;
(abbreviation) Dr., Dra.
drab [drQb] adj 1 (colour) apagado,a;
(appearance) soso,a, sin gracia. 2
(dreary - life) montono,a, gris.
draft [drAft] n 1 (rough copy - of letter,
speech, etc) borrador m; (of plot) esbozo;
(of plan, project) anteproyecto. 2 fin (bill
of exchange) letra de cambio, giro. 3 us
(conscription) (reclutamiento para el)
 draftsman
servicio militar obligatorio. 4 us
draught.
P adj (version, copy) preliminar.
draftsman [drAftsmn] n us draughts
man.
drag [drQg] n (hindrance) estorbo (on,
para), carga (on, para).
P vt (pull, cause to trail) arrastrar, llevar a
rastras.
a to drag on vi alargarse, prolongar
se, hacerse interminable.
a to drag out vt sep alargar, prolongar.
a to drag up vt sep (revive, recall) sacar a
relucir.
pt & pp dragged, ger dragging.
dragon [drQgn] n 1 (mythology) dra
gn m. 2 fam (woman) bruja.
dragonfly [drQgnflaI] n liblula.
pl dragonflies.
drain [dreIn] n desage m, alcantarilla.
P vt 1 (empty) vaciar; (- wound, blood)
drenar. 2 (rice, pasta, vegetables, etc) es
currir.
P vi 1 (discharge - pipes, rivers) desaguar. 2
(dry out) escurrir (off, -), escurrirse (off, -).
3 fig (strength, energy, etc) irse agotando.
P n pl the drains (of town) el alcantari
llado m sing; (of building) las tuberas fpl
del desage.
a to drain away vi (liquid - empty) va
ciarse.
drainage [dreInIdZ] n 1 drenaje,
desage m. 2 (drains - of town) alcanta
rillado; (of building) desage m. c o m p
drainage basin cuenca hidrogrfica.
drainpipe [dreInpaIp] n (pipe) tubo de
desage.
drake [dreIk] n pato (macho).
drama [drAm] n 1 theat (play) obra
de teatro; (plays, literature) teatro, dra
ma m. 2 (as school subject) expresin f
corporal; (at drama school) arte m dra
mtico.
dramatic [drmQtIk] adj dramt i
co,a, teatral, emocionante.
dramatist [drQmtIst] n dramatur
go,a.
drank [drQNk] pt drink.
114
drape [dreIp] vt 1 (decorate) drapear;
(cover) cubrir (in/with, con). 2 (part of
body) descansar, acomodar.
P n pl drapes us (curtains) cortinas fpl.
drastic [drQstIk] adj drstico,a.
draught [drAft] n 1 (of cold air) corrien
te f (de aire). 2 (swallow of beer, etc) tra
go. 3 (medicine) pcima. 4 (piece in game)
dama, pieza.
P n pl draughts gb damas fpl.
draughtboard [drAftbd] n tablero
de damas.
draughtsman [drAftsmn] n 1 (artist)
delineante mf. 2 gb (in game) ficha de
damas.
pl draughtsmen [drAftsmn].
draughtswoman [drAftswUmn] n
arch delineante.
pl draughtswomen [drAftswImIn].
draw [dr] n 1 (raffle, lottery) sorteo. 2
sp (tie - gen) empate m . 3 (attraction)
atraccin f.
P vt 1 (sketch - picture) dibujar; (- plans)
trazar. 2 (move) llevar. 3 (pull out, take
out - gen) sacar, extraer; (bow) tensar. 4
sp (tie) empatar. 5 (attract) atraer. 6 (pro-
duce, elicit) provocar, obtener; (- praise)
conseguir.
a to draw back vi 1 (move away) retirar
se, retroceder. 2 (pull out) echarse
atrs, volverse atrs.
a to draw in vi 1 (of days) acortarse. 2
(train) llegar.
a to draw off vt sep (liquid) sacar, extraer.
a to draw on vt insep (make use of - experi-
ence, etc) recurrir a, hacer uso de; (- mon-
ey, savings) utilizar, recurrir a.
P vi (approach - winter, night, etc) acercarse.
a to draw up vt sep (draft - contract, treaty,
etc) preparar, redactar; (- list) hacer; (-
plan) esbozar.
P vi (of vehicle) detenerse, pararse.
pt drew [dru], pp drawn [drn].
drawback [drbQk] n inconveniente
m, desventaja.
drawbridge [drbrIdZ] n puente m
levadizo.
drawer [drr] n 1 (in furniture) cajn m.
2 (draughtsperson) dibujante mf.

drawing [drIN] n dibujo: shes good at
drawing dibuja muy bien. l o c to go
back to the drawing board volver a
empezar, empezar de nuevo. c o m p
drawing board tablero de dibujo. y
drawing pin gb chincheta. y drawing
room sala de estar, saln m.
drawn [drn] pp draw.
P adj 1 (face - tired, haggard) ojeroso,a,
cansado,a; (- worried) preocupado,a.
2 sp (match, etc) empatado,a.
dread [dred] n terror m, pavor m.
P vt temer, tener terror a: hes dreading
the exam el examen le da terror.
dreadful [dredfUl] adj 1 (shocking) terri
ble, espantoso,a, atroz. 2 fam (aw-
ful) fatal, horrible, malsimo,a: how
dreadful! qu horror!
dream [drim] n 1 (while asleep) sueo: I
had a bad dream tuve una pesadilla; sweet
dreams! felices sueos! 2 (daydream) en
sueo, sueo: he lives in a dream vive en
las nubes. 3 (hope, fantasy) sueo (do
rado), deseo, ilusin f: the house of
your dreams la casa de tus sueos.
P adj (imaginary) imaginario,a; (ideal)
ideal, de ensueo: your dream holiday
las vacaciones de tus sueos.
P vt 1 (while asleep) soar: I dreamt that I
was flying so que volaba. 2 (imagine)
imaginarse: I never dreamt youd actually
do it nunca me imagin que lo haras de
verdad.
P vi 1 (while asleep) soar ( about/of,
con); (daydream) soar (despierto,a): I
dreamt about you last night so contigo
anoche; dream on sigue soando. 2 (imag-
ine) soar (of, con); (contemplate) soar
despierto: I dream of having my own busi-
ness sueo con tener mi propia empresa.
a to dream up vt sep fam pej (excuse) in
ventarse; (plan) idear.
pt & pp dreamed o dreamt [dremt].
dreamer [drimr] n soador,ra.
dreamt [dremt] pt & pp dream.
dreary [drIrI] adj 1 (gen) triste, depri
mente. 2 fam (dull, uninteresting)
pesado,a, aburrido,a.
comp drearier, superl dreariest.
115 drier
dredge 1
[dredZ] vt & vi (river, lake, etc)
dragar, rastrear.
dredge2 [dredZ] vt culin (with sugar) es
polvorear; (with flour) enharinar, re
bozar.
drench [drentS] vt empapar. l o c to
be/get drenched empaparse. y to be
drenched to the skin estar calado,a
hasta los huesos.
D
dress [dres] n 1 (for women) vestido. 2
(clothing) ropa, vestimenta.
P adj (shirt, suit) de etiqueta. c o m p dress
rehearsal theat ensayo general.
P vt 1 (person) vestir. 2 med (wound)
vendar. 3 culin (poultry, crab) aderezar,
preparar; (salad) aliar. 4 (shop window)
arreglar, decorar; (Christmas tree) de
corar, adornar; (hair) arreglar.
P vi (gen) vestirse; (formally) vestirse
de etiqueta. l o c to get dressed ves
tirse.
a to dress down vt sep (scold) regaar;
(rebuke) echar una bronca.
P vi (dress informally) vestirse informal
mente.
a to dress up vi (in fancy dress) disfra
zarse (as, de); (dress formally) ponerse
de tiros largos.
P vt sep fig (truth, facts, etc) disfrazar.
dresser [dresr] n 1 gb (in kitchen) apara
dor m. 2 us (chest of drawers) tocador m.
dressing [dresIN] n 1 (gen) apsito;
(bandage) vendaje m. 2 (act of getting
dressed) el vestir(se) m. 3 culin (for salad)
alio. 4 us (stuffing) relleno. c o m p dress
ing gown bata. y dressing room theat
camerino. y dressing table tocador m.
dressmaker [dresmeIk r] n (woman)
modista f, modisto; (man) modista
m, modisto.
dressmaking [dresmeIkIN] n costura.
drew [drU] pt draw.
dribble [drIbl] n 1 (saliva) saliva, ba
ba. 2 (of water, blood) gotas fpl, hilo,
chorrito. 3 sp dribling m.
P vi 1 (baby) babear. 2 (liquid) gotear.
P vt driblar, regatear.
dried [draId] pp dry.
P adj (fruit) seco,a; (milk) en polvo.
drier [draIr] n dryer.
 drift
drift [drIft] n 1 (of snow) ventisquero;
(of sand) montn m. 2 mar (flow of water)
deriva. 3 (movement) movimiento;
(tendency) tendencia. 4 (meaning, gist)
significado, sentido, idea: do you get
my drift? entiendes lo que quiero decir?
P vi 1(float on water) ir a la deriva. 2 (pile up
- of snow, sand, leaves, etc) amontonarse.
drill1 [drIl] n 1 (handtool) taladro; (large
machine) barreno, perforadora; (den-
tists) fresa; (drill head, bit) broca. 2 mil
instruccin f. 3 educ (exercise) ejerci
cio. 4 (rehearsal, practice) simulacro;
(procedures to be followed) procedimien
to: fire drill simulacro de incendio; safety
drill instrucciones de seguridad.
P vt 1 (wood, metal, etc) taladrar, perfo
rar; (hole) hacer, perforar. 2 mil ins
truir.
P vi 1 (for oil, coal) perforar. 2 mil entre
narse. l o c to drill sth into sb inculcarle
algo a algn.
drill2 [drIl] n (material) dril m.
drink [drINk] n (gen) bebida; (alcoholic
drink) copa, trago; (soft drink) refresco:
lets go for a drink! vamos a tomar algo!,
vamos a tomar una copa!
P vt (gen) beber, tomar: you havent
drunk your tea no te has bebido el t; what
do you want to drink? qu quieres be
ber? l o c to drink a toast to sb brindar
por algn. y to drink to sth/sb brindar
por algo/algn. y to have sth to drink
tomar(se) algo.
P vi beber: she doesnt drink (alcohol) no
bebe (alcohol); dont drink and drive si be
bes, no conduzcas.
a to drink in vt sep (scene, sights, sounds,
etc) apreciar, empaparse de; (success)
saborear.
pt drank [drQNk], pp drunk [drNk].
drinkable [drINkbl] adj (water) pota
ble; (wine, beer, etc) aceptable.
drinker [drINkr] n bebedor,ra.
drinking [drINkIN] n (alcohol) bebida;
(action) beber m. c o m p drinking foun
tain fuente f de agua potable. y drink
ing water agua potable.
drip [drIp] n 1 (drop of liquid) goteo;
(sound) gotear m. 2 med gota a gota m:
116
they put him on a drip le pusieron el gota a
gota. 3 fam (person) soso,a.
P vi (fall in drops) gotear, caer; (fall heav-
ily) chorrear: the tap drips el grifo gotea.
P vt dejar caer gota a gota.
pt & pp dripped, ger dripping.
drive [draIv] n 1 (trip) paseo en coche;
(journey) viaje m: we went for a drive di
mos una vuelta en coche; its a two-hour
drive es un viaje de dos horas. 2 (road)
calle f. 3 sp (golf, tennis) drive m. 4 (cam-
paign) campaa: sales drive promocin;
membership drive campaa para atraer
socios; a no-smoking drive una campaa
antitabaco. 5 (energy, initiative) energa.
6 (propulsion system) transmisin f, pro
pulsin f; (of wheeled vehicle) traccin f:
front-wheel drive traccin delantera; four-
wheel drive traccin en las cuatro ruedas.
P vt 1 (operate - vehicle) conducir: he
drives a bus es conductor de autobs. 2
(take - person) llevar (en coche). 3
(cause to move - person) hacer, obligar a;
(- animal) arrear. 4 (provide power for, keep
going) hacer funcionar, mover: the riv-
er drives the waterwheel el ro mueve el
molino. 5 (force, compel to act) forzar,
obligar; (cause to be in state) llevar: youre
driving me crazy me ests volviendo loco.
P vi (vehicle) conducir: can you drive?
sabes conducir?; hes learning to drive
est aprendiendo a conducir; I drove here
vine en coche.
a to drive at vt insep insinuar.
a to drive away vt sep (fend off - attacker,
animal) ahuyentar; (throw out) alejar.
a to drive off vt sep ahuyentar.
P vi (car, driver) irse.
a to drive out vt sep expulsar.
pt drove [drUv], pp driven [drIvn].
drivel [drIvl] n tonteras fpl, bobadas
fpl, memeces fpl.
driven [drIvn] pp drive.
driver [draIvr] n 1 (of bus, car) conduc
tor,ra; (of taxi) taxista mf ; (of lorry)
camionero,a; (of racing car) piloto mf;
(of train) maquinista mf: hes a very good
driver conduce muy bien. 2 sp (golf club)
madera nmero 1. c o m p drivers li
cence us carnet m de conducir, per
miso de conducir.

driving [draIvIN] n auto conduccin f:
we shared the driving nos turnamos para
conducir.
P adj driving licence carnet m de
comp
conducir, permiso de conducir. y driv
ing school escuela de conductores. y
driving test examen m de conducir.
drizzle [drIzl] n llovizna.
P vi lloviznar.
droll [drUl] adj (amusing) gracioso,a,
chistoso,a; (odd, quaint) curioso,a.
dromedary [drmdrI] n dromedario.
pl dromedaries.
drone1 [drUn] n (bee) zngano.
drone2 [drUn] n 1 (noise) zumbido. 2
(monotonous talk) cantinela, sonsonete m.
P vi (bee, plane, engine) zumbar.
drool [drUl] n 1 (of baby) baba, babas
fpl. 2 (drivel) tonteras fpl, bobadas fpl.
P vi (of baby, dog) babear.
droop [drUp] n (of shoulders) cada, in
clinacin f,.
P vi 1 (head) inclinarse, caerse; (shoul-
ders) encorvarse; (eyelids) cerrar. 2 (flow-
er) marchitarse; (branches) inclinarse.
drop [drp] n 1 (of liquid) gota: she car-
ried the cup without spilling a drop llev la
taza sin derramar ni una gota; we could
do with a drop of rain nos ira bien un po
co de lluvia. 2 (sweet) pastilla, carame
lo. 3 (descent, distance down) desnivel m,
cada. 4 (fall - gen) cada; (in temperature)
descenso.
P vt 1 (let fall - accidentally) carsele a uno:
he dropped the glass se le cay el vaso; dont
drop it! que no se te caiga!. 2 (let fall - delib-
erately) dejar caer, tirar; (let go of) soltar;
(launch - bomb, supplies) lanzar: she dropped
her handkerchief by his chair dej caer su pa
uelo al lado de su silla; drop it! sultalo! 3
(lower - gen) bajar; (- speed) reducir. 4 fam
(set down - passenger) dejar (off, -); (- deliv-
ery) dejar, pasar a dejar (off, -): where
shall I drop you? dnde quieres que te de
je? 5 (give up, abandon) dejar, abandonar.
6 (omit, leave out - in speaking) no pronun
ciar, comerse; (in writing) omitir: dont
drop your hs no te comas las haches. 7
sp (player from team) echar, sacar, no se
leccionar; (lose) perder. l o c to drop
117 drugstore
dead caerse muerto,a. y to drop sb a
line / drop sb a note escribir cuatro/
unas lneas a algn.
P vi 1 (fall - object) caer, caerse; (- person)
dejarse caer, tirarse. 2 (prices, tempera-
ture, voice) bajar; (wind) amainar; (speed)
reducirse, disminuir. 3 (lapse) dejar:
let it drop! djalo ya!, basta ya! D
a to drop away vi 1 (support, interest)
disminuir. 2 (ground) caer.
a to drop by vi pasar.
P vt insep pasar por.
a to drop in vi (visit) pasar.
a to drop off vi 1 fam (fall asleep) dor
mirse. 2 (sales, interest, etc) disminuir.
a to drop out vi (of school, etc) dejar los
estudios; (of group) dejar el grupo; (of
race, competition) abandonar; (of society)
marginarse.
pt & pp dropped, ger dropping.
droplet [drplt] n gotita.
drought [draUt] n sequa.
drove [drUv] pt drive.
P n 1 (of cattle) manada. 2 (of people)
multitud f.
drown [draUn] vt 1 (gen) ahogar. 2 (sub-
merge - place) inundar, anegar.
P vi ahogarse.
drowse [draUz] vi dormitar.
drowsy [draUzI] adj (person, look) som
noliento,a: these tablets make me
drowsy estas pastillas me dan sueo. l o c
to feel drowsy tener sueo.
comp drowsier, superl drowsiest.
drug [drg] n 1 (medicine) medicamen
to. 2 (narcotic) droga: hard/soft drugs
drogas duras/blandas. l o c to be on/do/
take drugs drogarse. c o m p drug addict
drogadicto,a, toxicmano,a. y
drug dealer traficante mf de drogas. y
drug pusher camello mf.
P vt 1 (person, animal) drogar. 2 (food,
drink) adulterar con drogas.
pt & pp drugged, ger drugging.
druggist [drgIst] n us farmac u
tico,a.
drugstore [drgstr] n us establecimiento
donde se puede comprar medicamentos, cosmti-
cos, peridicos y otras cosas.
 drum
drum [drm] n 1 (instrument) tambor m.
2 (container) bidn m. 3 tech tambor.
P vi 1 tocar el tambor.
pt & pp drummed, ger drumming.
P n pl drums (set) batera.
drummer [drmr] n (in marching band)
tambor mf; (in pop group, jazz band) ba
tera mf.
drumstick [drmstIk] n 1 mus baque
ta, palillo (de tambor). 2 culin mus
lo (de ave).
drunk [drNk] pp drink.
P adj borracho,a: you are drunk ests
borracho. l o c to get drunk emborra
charse.
drunkard [drNkd] n borracho,a:
you are a drunkard eres un borracho.
drunken [drNkn] adj borracho,a.
dry [draI] adj 1 seco,a. c o m p dry dock di
que m seco. y dry goods 1 gb comesti
bles mpl no perecederos. 2 us artculos
mpl de mercera. y dry land tierra firme.
comp drier, superl driest.
P vt secar.
P vi secarse (off, -).
pt & pp dried, ger drying.
dry-clean [draIklin] vt limpiar en seco.
dry-cleaners [draIklinz] n tintore
ra, tinte m.
dryer [draIr] n (for clothes) secadora;
(for hair) secador m.
dryness [draIns] n sequedad f.
dual [djUl] adj (gen) doble. c o m p dual
carriageway gb carretera de doble
calzada.
dub1 [db] vt (soundtrack) doblar (into, a).
pt & pp dubbed, ger dubbing.
dub2 [db] vt (give nickname) apodar.
pt & pp dubbed, ger dubbing.
dub3 [db] n mus dub m (gnero musical
originado en Jamaica a partir del reggae).
dubbing [dbIN] n (of soundtrack) do
blaje m.
duchess [dtSs] n duquesa.
duck1 [dk] n pato,a.
duck2 [dk] vi (bend down) agacharse;
(hide) esconderse: she ducked behind the
sofa se escondi detrs del sof.
duckling [dklIN] n patito.
duct [dkt] n conducto.
118
ductile [dktaIl] adj dctil.
ductility [dktIltI] n ductilidad f.
dud [dd] n 1 fam (object) trasto intil,
engaifa, invendible; (person) desas
tre m, intil mf. 2 (grenade, bomb, fire-
work, etc) granada, bomba, fuego ar
tificial, etc. que no estalla.
P adj (defective) defectuoso,a; (worthless,
useless) intil,; (valueless - note, coin) falso,a;
(grenade, bomb, firework) que no estalla.
c o m p dud cheque cheque m sin fondos.
due [djU] adj (expected) esperado,a: her
new book is due out in December su nuevo
libro saldr en diciembre; the train is due
(in) at five oclock el tren debe llegar a las
cinco. l o c due to debido a. c o m p due
date (fecha de) vencimiento.
P n merecido.
P adv derecho hacia: due north dere
cho hacia el norte.
P n pl dues cuota.
duel [djUl] n duelo.
P vi batirse en duelo (with, con).
pt & pp duelled (us dueled), ger duel-
ling (us dueling).
duet [djUet] n do.
dug [dg] pt & pp dig.
duke [djUk] n duque m.
dull [dl] adj 1 (boring - job) montono,a,
pesado,a; (- person, life, film) pesado,a,
aburrido,a, soso,a; (- place, town)
aburrido,a. 2 (not bright - colours)
apagado,a; (weather, day) gris, triste,
feo,a. 3 (sound, pain) sordo,a. 4 (slow-
witted) torpe, lerdo,a.
P vt (pain) aliviar, calmar; (sound)
amortiguar; (hearing) embotar.
duly [djUlI] adv 1 fml (properly) debida
mente. 2 (as expected) como era de
esperar.
dumb [dm] adj 1 (unable to speak)
mudo,a. 3 us fam (stupid) tonto,a.
dummy [dmI] n 1 (in shop window,
dressmakers) maniqu m. 2 (fake) imita
cin f. 3 gb (for baby) chupete m. 4 fam
imbcil mf.
pl dummies.
dump [dmp] n vertedero, basurero.
P vt (drop, unload - rubbish) verter, des
cargar; (leave) dejar, poner: he dumped

his dirty washing on the floor dej su ropa
sucia en el suelo.
dumping [dmpIN] n vertido. loc No
dumping Prohibido arrojar basuras.
dune [djUn] [tambin sand dune] n
duna.
dung [dN] n estircol m.
dungarees [dngriz] n (garment) pe
to; (overalls) mono.
dungeon [dndZn] n mazmorra.
duo [djUU] n do.
pl duos.
duodena [djUdin] n pl duodenum.
duodenum [djUdinm] n duodeno.
pl duodenums o duodena [djUdin].
dupe [djUp] n ingenuo,a.
P vt engaar, embaucar.
duplex [djUpleks] n us (house) casa
adosada; (flat, apartment) dplex m.
duplicate [ (adj) d j U p l I k t ; (n)
djUplIkeIt] adj duplicado,a.
P n copia, duplicado. l o c in duplicate
por duplicado.
P vt duplicar, hacer copias de.
durable [djUrbl] adj duradero,a.
duration [djUreISn] n duracin f.
during [djUrIN] prep durante: I lived in
France during the war viv en Francia du
rante la guerra; shes out at work during the
day trabaja fuera de casa durante el da.
dusk [dsk] n anochecer m . l o c at
dusk al anochecer.
dust [dst] n polvo.
P vt quitar el polvo a.
dustbin [dstbIn] n gb cubo de la ba
sura. c o m p dustbin man basurero.
dustcart [dstkAt] n camin m de la
basura.
duster [dstr] n (for dusting) pao, trapo
(del polvo); (for blackboard) borrador m.
dustman [dstmn] n gb basurero.
dustpan [dstpQn] n recogedor m.
Dutch [dtS] adj holands,esa,
neerlands,esa. l o c to go Dutch
(with sb) pagar a escote.
P n (language) holands m.
Dutchman [dtSmn] n holands m,
neerlands m.
pl Dutchmen [dtSmn].
119 dystrophy
Dutchwoman [dtSwUmn] n holan
desa.
pl Dutchwomen [dtSwImIn].
duty [djUtI] n 1 (obligation) deber m,
obligacin f: I feel its my duty to go creo
que es mi obligacin ir. 2 (task) funcin f,
cometido: her duties include dealing with
the public sus funciones incluyen atender
al pblico. 3 (service) guardia, servicio. 4
D
(tax) impuesto. l o c to be off duty 1 (doc-
tor, nurse, etc) no estar de guardia. 2 (po-
lice, firefighter, etc) no estar de servicio. y
to be on duty 1 (doctor, nurse, etc) estar de
guardia. 2 (police, firefighter) estar de ser
vicio. c o m p customs duties derechos
mpl de aduana, aranceles mpl.
pl duties.
duty-free [djUtIfri] adj & adv libre de
impuestos. c o m p duty-free shop duty-
free m, tienda libre de impuestos.
duvet [dUveI] n gb edredn m. c o m p
duvet cover funda de edredn.
DVD [dividi] n (Digital Video Disc) DVD
m. c o m p DVD player lector m de DVD.
dwarf [dwf] n enano,a.
pl dwarfs o dwarves [dwz].
P adj enano,a.
dwell [dwel] vi fml habitar, vivir.
pt & pp dwelt [dwelt].
dweller [dwelr] n habitante mf.
dwelling [dwelIN] n fml morada.
dwelt [dwelt] pt & pp dwell.
dye [daI] n tinte m, tintura, colorante m.
P vt teir.
dying [daIIN] adj moribundo,a.
dyke [daIk] n (bank) dique m, barrera;
(causeway) terrapln m.
dynamic [daInQmIk] adj dinmico,a.
dynamics [daInQmIks] n dinmica.
dynamite [daInmaIt] n dinamita.
dynamo [daInmU] n dinamo f.
pl dynamos.
dynasty [dInstI] n dinasta.
pl dynasties.
dyne [daIn] n dina.
dysentery [dIsntrI] n disentera.
dyslexia [dIsleksI] n dislexia.
dyslexic [dIsleksIk] adj dislxico,a.
dystrophy [dIstrfI] n distrofia.
 E
120
E, e [i] n 1 (the letter) E, e f. 2 mus mi m.
each [itS] adj cada: each day cada da,
todos los das.
P pron cada uno,a: they each have their
own car cada uno tiene su coche.
P adv cada uno,a: apples cost 15p each las
manzanas cuestan 15 peniques la pieza.
. Each y every tienen significados muy
similares. Each se emplea cuando se con-
sidera cada cosa por separado. Every,
cuando se considera cada c osa en funcin
del todo del que forma parte.
eager [igr] adj (anxious) vido,a (to,
de), ansioso,a (to, de); (desirous) de
seoso,a (to, de).
eagle [igl] n 1 (bird) guila. 2 (in golf)
eagle m.
eaglet [iglt] n aguilucho.
ear1 [Ir] n 1 anat oreja. 2 (sense) odo.
c o m p ear canal conducto auditivo. y
ear flap orejera. y ear lobe lbulo. y ear,
nose and throat specialist otorrino
laringlogo,a.
ear2 [Ir] n (of cereal) espiga.
earache [IreIk] n dolor m de odos.
eardrum [Idrm] n tmpano.
earflap [IflQp] n orejera.
earl [l] n conde m.
early [lI] adj 1 (before expected)
temprano,a, pronto,a: we were early
llegamos temprano. 2 (initial) prime
ro,a: take the early train toma el primer
tren de la maana. 3 (near beginning): in
the early 1960s a principios de los sesenta.
comp earlier, superl earliest.
P adv 1 (before expected) temprano,
pronto; (soon) pronto: she got up early
se levant temprano. 2 (in good time) con
tiempo, con anticipacin: we got
there early to get a good seat llegamos con
tiempo para encontrar un buen sitio
(asiento).
earn [n] vt ganar, ganarse: how much do
you earn a month? cunto ganas al mes?
. Cuando se habla de dinero, la diferen-
cia entre earn y win (ambos, ganar) es
que earn se refiere al dinero que se gana
trabajando y win al que se obtiene por
azar, como en la lotera.
earner [nr] n 1 (person) persona que
gana dinero: Im the only earner in the
family soy el nico de la familia que ga-
na un sueldo. 2 (thing) cosa rentable.
earnest [nIst] adj serio,a, formal.
earnings [nINz] n pl 1 (personal) ingre
sos mpl. 2 (of company) ganancias fpl.
earphones [IfUnz] n pl auriculares mpl.
earplug [Iplg] n tapn m para los odos.
earring [IrIN] n pendiente m.
earth [T] n 1 (gen) tierra. 2 gb toma de
tierra, tierra. 3 gb (of fox, badger) madri
guera.
. Cuando se refiere al planeta Tierra se
suele escribir con mayscula: Earth.
earthen [Dn] adj 1 (of earth) de tierra.
2 (of baked clay) de barro, de arcilla.
earthquake [TkweIk] n terremoto.
earthworm [Twm] n lombriz f.
earwax [IwQks] n cerumen m, cera.
earwig [IwIg] n tijereta.
ease [iz] n 1 (lack of difficulty) facilidad f.
2 (natural manner) soltura, naturalidad
f. 3 (freedom from pain) alivio. 4 (leisure,
affluence) comodidad f, desahogo.

P vt 1 (relieve, alleviate) aliviar (of, de),
calmar. 2 (improve) mejorar, facilitar;
(make easier) facilitar.
P vi 1 (pain) aliviarse, calmarse; (ten-
sion, etc) disminuir. 2 (become easier) me
jorar.
a to ease off / ease up vi 1 (pain) ali
viarse, calmarse; (tension, etc) dismi
nuir; (rain) amainar. 2 (slow down) ir
ms despacio.
a to ease up on vt insep fam (go easy, be
more moderate) aflojar, no pasarse con.
easel [izl] n caballete m.
easily [izIlI] adv 1 (without difficulty) f
cilmente, con facilidad. 2 (by far) con
mucho; (without doubt) sin duda.
east [ist] adj (gen) este, oriental; (wind)
del este.
P adv hacia el este.
P n este m.
P n the East (Asia) Oriente m; (Eastern
Europe) el Este m.
Easter [istr] n 1 rel Pascua (de Resu
rreccin). 2 (holiday) Semana Santa.
easterly [istlI] adj 1 (to the east) al este,
hacia el este. 2 (from the east) del este.
P n viento del este.
pl easterlies.
eastern [istn] adj oriental, del este.
eastward [istwd] adj hacia el este.
eastwards [istwdz] adv hacia el este.
easy [izI] adj 1 (not difficult) fcil, sencillo.
2 (comfortable) cmodo,a, holgado,a.
3 (unworried, relaxed) tranquilo,a.
comp easier, superl easiest.
P adv con cuidado, con calma.
easy-going [izIgUIN] adj (relaxed)
tranquilo,a; (easy to please) fcil de
complacer, poco exigente.
eat [it] vt comer.
P vi comer.
a to eat away vt sep (mice) roer; (ter-
mites) carcomer; (acid) corroer.
a to eat out vi (lunch) comer fuera;
(dinner) cenar fuera.
a to eat up vt sep 1 (finish food) comer
se: eat it all up! cmetelo todo!. 2 (con-
sume) consumir, tragar, devorar.
pt ate [et, eIt], pp eaten [itn].
eaten [itn] pp eat.
121 edema
eavesdrop [ivzdrp] vi escuchar a es
condidas (on, -).
pt & pp eavesdropped , ger eaves-
dropping.
ebb [eb] n reflujo, retroceso.
P vi 1 (water) bajar. 2 fig disminuir.
ebonite [ebnaIt] n ebonita.
ebony [ebnI] n bano.
eccentric [IksentrIk] adj excntrico,a.
P n (person) excntrico,a.
E
echinoderm [IkainUdm] n equino
dermo.
echo [ekU] n eco.
pl echoes.
P vt 1 repetir (back, -). 2 fig (words) re
petir, imitar; (opinions) hacerse eco de.
eclectic [IklektIk] adj fml eclctico,a.
Pn eclctico,a.
eclipse [IklIps] n eclipse m.
P vt eclipsar.
ecofriendly [ekUfrendlI] adj que no
perjudica el medio ambiente.
ecological [ikldZIkl] adj ecol
gico,a. c o m p ecological footprint hue
lla ecolgica.
ecologist [IkldZIst] n ecologista mf.
ecology [IkldZI] n ecologa.
economic [eknmIk, iknmIk] adj 1
(gen) econmico,a. 2 (profitable) rentable.
economically [eknmIklI, iknmIklI]
adv econmicamente: economically
speaking en trminos econmicos.
economics [eknmIks, iknmIks] n
1 (science) economa. 2 educ econ
micas fpl, ciencias fpl econmicas.
economist [IknmIst] n economista mf.
economize [IknmaIz] vi economi
zar (on, en), ahorrar (on, en).
economy [IknmI] n 1 (saving) econo
ma, ahorro. 2 (science) economa.
pl economies.
ecosystem [ikUsIstm] n ecosiste
ma m.
Ecuador [ekwdr] n Ecuador m.
Ecuadorian [ e k w d r I n ] adj
ecuatoriano,a.
P n ecuatoriano,a.
eczema [eksIm] n eccema m.
edema [Idim] n us oedema.
 Eden
Eden [idn] n el Edn m.
edge [edZ] n 1 (of cliff, wood, etc) borde
m. 2 (of coin, step, etc) canto. 3 (of knife)
filo. 4 (of water) orilla. 5 (of town) afue
ras fpl. 6 (of paper) margen m.
P vt 1 (supply with border) bordear. 2 sew
ribetear.
a to edge away vi alejarse poco a poco.
a to edge forward vi avanzar lenta
mente, avanzar poco a poco.
edible [edIbl] adj comestible.
edict [idIkt] n 1 edicto. 2 jur decreto.
edit [edIt] vt 1 (prepare for printing) pre
parar para la imprenta. 2 (correct) co
rregir; (put together) editar. 3 (run news-
paper, etc) dirigir. 4 (film, programme)
montar, editar.
a to edit out vt sep cortar.
edition [IdISn] n edicin f.
editor [edItr] n 1 (of book) editor,ra;
(writer) redactor,ra; (proofreader) correc
tor,ra. 2 (of newspaper, etc) director,ra.
3 (of film, programme) montador,ra.
editorial [edItrIl] adj editorial.
P n editorial m. c o m p editorial staff re
daccin f.
educate [edjUkeIt] vt educar.
educated [edjUkeItId] adj culto,a,
cultivado,a.
, Educated no significa educado (de
buenos modales), que se traduce por po-
lite.
education [edjUkeISn] n 1 (system of
teaching) educacin f, enseanza. 2
(training) formacin f, preparacin f. 3
(acquisition of knowledge) estudios mpl,
formacin f acadmica. 4 (theory of
teaching) pedagoga. 5 (knowledge, cul-
ture) cultura.
, Education no significa educacin (bue
nos modales), que se traduce por manners.
educational [edjUkeISnl] adj educa
tivo,a.
eel [il] n anguila.
eerie [IrI] adj misterioso,a.
effect [Ifekt] n efecto.
P vtfml efectuar, provocar.
P n pl effects (property) efectos mpl.
122
effective [IfektIv] adj 1 (successful) efi
caz. 2 (real, actual) efectivo,a. 3 (opera-
tive) vigente. 4 (impressive) impresio
nante; (striking) llamativo,a.
effervescent [efvesnt] adj eferves
cente.
efficiency [IfISnsI] n 1 (of person) efi
ciencia, competencia. 2 (of system,
product) eficacia. 3 (of machine) rendi
miento.
efficient [IfISnt] adj 1 (person) eficien
te, competente. 2 (system, product) efi
caz. 3 (machine) de buen rendimiento.
effigy [efIdZI] n efigie f.
pl effigies.
effort [eft] n 1 (exertion) esfuerzo. 2
(attempt, struggle) intento, tentativa. 3
(achievement) obra.
egg1 [eg] n 1 (laid by birds, etc) huevo. 2
biol (ovum) vulo. c o m p boiled egg
huevo pasado por agua.
egg2 [eg] vt to egg on animar, incitar.
eggplant [egplAnt] n us berenjena.
eggshell [egSel] n cscara de huevo.
ego [igU] n ego.
pl egos.
egocentric [igUsentrIk] adj egocn
trico,a.
egoism [igUIzm] n egosmo.
egoist [igUIst] n egosta mf.
Egypt [idZIpt] n Egipto.
Egyptian [IdZIpSn] adj egipcio,a.
P n 1 (person) egipcio,a. 2 (language)
egipcio.
eider [aIdr] [also eider duck] n eider m.
eiderdown [aIddaUn] n plumn m.
eight [eIt] adj ocho.
P n ocho.
. Consulta tambin six.
eighteen [eItin] adj dieciocho.
Pn dieciocho.
. Consulta tambin six.
eighteenth [eItinT] adj decimoc
tavo,a.
P adv en decimoctavo lugar.

P n 1 (in series) decimoctavo,a. 2 (frac-
tion) decimoctavo; (one part) decimoc
tava parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
eighth [eItT] adj octavo,a.
P adv en octavo lugar.
Pn 1 (in series) octavo,a. 2 (fraction) oc
tavo; (one part) octava parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
eightieth [eItIIT] adj octogsimo,a.
P adv en octogsimo lugar.
Pn 1 (in series) octogsimo,a. 2 (frac-
tion) octogsimo; (one part) octogsi
ma parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixtieth.
eighty [eItI] adj ochenta.
Pn ochenta.
. Consulta tambin sixty.
either [aIDr, iDr] pron 1 (affirmative)
cualquiera: either of them cualquiera de
los dos. 2 (negative) ni el uno ni el
otro, ni la una ni la otra, ninguno de
los dos, ninguna de las dos: I cant
stand either no aguanto ni el uno ni el
otro.
P adj 1 cualquier. 2 (both) cada, los dos,
las dos, ambos,as. 3 (neither) ninguno
de los dos, ninguna de las dos.
P conj 1 (affirmative) o: hell arrive either today
or tomorrow llegar u hoy o maana. 2
(negative) ni: I didnt go to either the wedding
or the party no fui ni a la boda ni a la fiesta.
P adv (after negative) tampoco: Ann didnt
come either tampoco vino Ann.
ejaculation [IdZQkUleISn] n 1 (ejection)
eyaculacin f. 2 (exclamation) excla
macin f.
eject [IdZekt] vt expulsar, echar.
P vi av eyectar(se).
ejection [IdZekSn] n 1 (gen) expulsin
f. 2 (from plane) eyeccin f.
elaborate [(adj) IlQbrt; (vb) IlQbreIt]
adj 1 (detailed, extensive) detallado,a. 2
(ornate, intricate) muy trabajado,a, es
merado,a. 3 (complex, intricate) com
plicado,a.
P vt (work out in detail, refine) elaborar.
123 electron
P vi (discuss in detail) explicar detallada
mente; (expand) ampliar, dar ms de
talles.
elaboration [IlQbreISn] n 1 (working
out in detail) elaboracin f. 2 (additional
detail) complicacin f, detalle m.
elastic [IlQstIk] adj elstico,a. c o m p
elastic band goma elstica.
elasticity [IlQstIstI] n elasticidad f.
Elastoplast [IlQstplAst] n tirita.
elbow [elbU] n 1 anat codo. 2 (bend)
E
recodo.
elder [eldr] adj mayor.
P n 1 mayor m. 2 rel anciano,a.
elderly [eldlI] adj mayor, anciano,a.
P n the elderly los ancianos mpl.
eldest [eldIst] adj mayor.
P n el mayor, la mayor.
elect [Ilekt] adj electo,a.
P vt 1 (vote for) elegir. 2 (choose, decide)
decidir.
election [IlekSn] n eleccin f.
P adj electoral.
elector [Ilektr] n elector,ra.
electoral [Ilektrl] adj electoral. c o m p
electoral college colegio electoral. y
electoral roll / electoral register censo
electoral.
electorate [Ilektrt] n electorado.
electric [IlektrIk] adj elctrico,a.
electrical [IlektrIkl] adj elctrico,a.
electrician [IlektrISn] n electricista mf.
electricity [IlektrIsItI] n electricidad f.
electrocute [IlektrkjUt] vt electrocu
tar.
electrode [IlektrUd] n electrodo.
electrolysis [IlektrlsIs] n electrli
sis f.
electrolyte [IlektrlaIt] n electrolito,
electrlito.
electromagnet [IlektrUmQgnIt] n
electroimn m.
electromagnetism [IlektrUmQg -
nItIzm] n electromagnetismo.
electromagnetic [IlektrUmQgnetIk]
adj electromagntico,a.
electron [Ilektrn] n electrn m. comp
electron microscope microscopio
electrnico.
 electronic
electronic [IlektrnIk] adj electr
nico,a.
electronics [IlektrnIks] n (science, tech-
nology) electrnica.
Pn pl (circuits and devices) componentes
mpl electrnicos.
elegance [elIgns] n elegancia.
elegant [elIgnt] adj elegante.
element [elImnt] n 1 chem elemen
to. 2 (necessary part of a whole) parte f,
componente m. 5 elec resistencia. 4
(group, section) fraccin f.
P n pl elements 1(weather) los elemen
tos mpl. 2(basics) rudimentos mpl.
elementary [elImentrI] adj 1 (basic)
elemental, bsico,a. 2 (easy) fcil,
sencillo,a. c o m p elementary educa
tion enseanza primaria.
elephant [elIfnt] n elefante m. c o m p
elephant seal elefante m marino.
elevate [elIveIt] vt fml (raise) elevar;
(promote) ascender, promover.
elevated [elIvaItId] adj fml (fine, noble)
elevado,a, noble.
elevation [elIvelSn] n 1 fml (gen) eleva
cin f. 2 fml (in rank) ascenso. 3 (height)
altitud f, altura. 4 arch alzado.
elevator [elIveItr] n 1 us ascensor m.
2 (machine) montacargas m.
eleven [Ilevn] adj once.
P n once m.
. Consulta tambin six.
eleventh [IlevnT] adj undcimo,a.
P adv en undcimo lugar.
Pn 1 (in series) undcimo,a, onceno,a.
2 (fraction) onceavo, undcimo; (one part)
onceava parte f, undcima parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
elicit [IlIsIt] vt 1 fml (facts, information)
sonsacar, obtener. 2 (reaction, response)
provocar.
elide [IlaId] vt elidir.
P vi elidirse.
eligible [elIdZbl] adj 1 (qualified, suita-
ble) idneo,a, apto,a. 2 (desirable)
deseable.
eliminate [IlImIneIt] vt eliminar.
elision [IlIZn] n elisin f.
124
elite [eIlit] n elite f.
P adj exclusivo,a, selecto,a.
elk [elk] n alce m.
ellipse [IlIps] n elipse f.
ellipsis [IlIpsIs] n elipsis f.
pl ellipses [IlIpsiz].
elliptic [IlIptIk] adj elptico,a.
elm [elm] n olmo.
elongated [ilNgeItId] adj alargado,-a.
eloquence [elkwns] n elocuencia.
eloquent [elkwnt] adj elocuente.
else [els] adv ms, otro,a: anything
else? algo ms?; where else have you been?
en qu otro(s) sitio(s) has estado?
elsewhere [elswer] adv en otro sitio,
en otra parte.
elude [IlUd] vt 1 (escape from) escapar
se de. 2 (avoid) eludir. 3 (not remember)
no recordar, no acordarse; (not under-
stand) no entenderse.
elusive [IlUsIv] adj 1 (difficult to capture)
huidizo,a, esquivo,a. 2 (difficult to re-
member) difcil de recordar; (difficult to
understand) difcil de entender.
e-mail [imeIl] n correo electrnico.
emancipate [ImQnsIpeIt] vt emanci
par.
emancipation [ImQnsIpeISn] n
emancipacin f.
embankment [ImbQNkmnt] n 1
(wall, earth, etc) terrapln m . 2 (river
bank) dique m.
embargo [embAgU] n embargo.
pl embargoes.
P vt 1 (prohibit) prohibir. 2 (seize) em
bargar.
pt & pp embargoed, ger embargoing.
embark [ImbAk] vt embarcar.
a to embark on vt insep emprender.
embarrass [ImbQrs] vt (make ashamed)
avergonzar, hacer pasar vergenza
a; (make awkward) desconcertar.
embarrassed [ImbQrst] adj (behaviour,
action) embarazoso,a; (person) aver
gonzado,a, molesto,a.
, Embarrassed no significa embara
zada, que se traduce por pregnant.

embarrassing [ImbQrsIN] adj emba
razoso,a, violento,a, desconcer
tante.
embarrassment [ImbQrsmnt] n 1
(state) vergenza, desconcierto. 2 (per-
son, object) vergenza, estorbo. 3 (event,
situation) disgusto, vergenza.
embassy [embsI] n embajada.
pl embassies.
embed [Imbed] vt (jewels, stones) in
crustar; (weapon, nails) clavar (in, en).
pt & pp embedded, ger embedding.
embellish [ImbelIS] vt adornar, embe
llecer.
ember [embr] n brasa, ascua.
emblem [emblm] n emblema m.
emblematic [ e m b l m Q t I k ] adj
emblemtico,a.
emboss [Imbs] vt (leather, metal) repu
jar; (initials) grabar en relieve.
embrace [ImbreIs] n abrazo.
P vt 1 (hug) abrazar, dar un abrazo a.
2 (include) abarcar, incluir. 3 fml (accept
- opportunity, etc) aprovechar; (- offer)
aceptar. 4 fml (adopt - religion, etc) con
vertirse a; (- new idea) abrazar.
embroidery [ImbrIdI] n sew bor
dado.
embryo [embrIU] n embrin m.
pl embryos.
P adj embrionario,a.
emerald [emrld] n esmeralda f.
P adj (de color) esmeralda.
emerge [ImdZ] vi 1 (come out) emer
ger, aparecer, salir. 2 (become known)
resultar.
emergence [ImdZns] n aparicin f.
emergency [ImdZnsI] n 1 emer
gencia. 2 med urgencia.
pl emergencies.
P adj de emergencia, de urgencia.
emergent [ImdZnt] adj 1 (emerging)
emergente. 2 (of countries, nations) en
vas de desarrollo.
emery [emrI] n esmeril m.
emigrant [emIgrnt] n emigrante mf.
emigrate [emIgreIt] vi emigrar.
emigration [emIgreISn] n emigra
cin f.
125 employer
eminence [emInns] n eminencia.
eminent [emInnt] adj 1 (of person)
eminente. 2 (of qualities) destacado,a.
emir [emIr] n emir m.
emirate [emIrt] n emirato. comp
United Arab Emirates Emiratos mpl
rabes Unidos.
emissary [emIsrI] n emisario,a.
pl emissaries.
emission [ImISn] n emisin f. E
, Emission no significa emisin (de te
levisin), que se traduce por programme.
emit [ImIt] vt (signal, heat, light, smoke)
emitir, producir; (sound, noise) produ
cir; (smell) despedir; (cry) dar.
pt & pp emitted, ger emitting.
emoticon [ImtIkn] n comput emoti
cn m, emoticono.
emotion [ImUSn] n 1 (feeling) senti
miento. 2 (strong feeling) emocin f.
emotional [ImUSnl] adj 1 (connected
with feelings) emocional, afectivo,a. 2
(moving) conmovedor,ra, emotivo,a.
3 (sensitive) emotivo,a, sentimental.
emotive [ImUtIv] adj emotivo,a.
emperor [emprr] n emperador m.
emphasis [emfsIs] n nfasis m.
pl emphases [emfsis].
emphasize [emfsaIz] vt enfatizar.
emphatic [emfQtIk] adj 1 (forceful - tone,
gesture) enftico,a, enrgico,a. 2 (in-
sistent - refusal, rejection, assertion) categ
rico,a, rotundo,a.
empire [empaIr] n imperio: the British
Empire el Imperio Britnico.
empirical [empIrIkl] adj emprico,a.
employ [ImplI] n fml empleo.
P vt 1 (give work to) emplear; (appoint)
contratar. 2 fml (make use of, use) em
plear, usar. 3 (occupy) ocupar.
employed [emplId] adj 1 (in work)
empleado,a. 2 (busy) ocupado,a.
employee [emplIi, emplIi] n em
pleado,a.
employer [emplIr] n 1 (manager, boss)
empresario,a; (of domestic worker)
patrn,ona. 2 (company, organization)
empresa, organismo.
 employment
employment [emplImnt] n 1 (work)
trabajo; (availability of work) empleo. 2
(use) empleo, uso.
empress [emprs] n emperatriz f.
empty [emptI] adj 1 (gen) vaco,a;
(place) des ierto,a; (house) desoc u
pado,a, deshabitado,a; (seat, table,
place) libre. 2 fam (hungry) hambrien
to,a.
comp emptier, superl emptiest.
P vt vaciar.
P n pl empties envases mpl, cascos mpl.
emulsifier [ImlsIfaIr] n emulsio
nante m.
emulsify [ImlsIfaI] vt emulsionar.
pt & pp emulsified, ger emulsifying.
emulsion [ImlSn] n emulsin f.
enable [IneIbl] vt permitir.
enact [InQkt] vt 1 (law) promulgar. 2
(play) representar.
enamel [InQml] n esmalte m.
P vt esmaltar.
pt & pp enamelled (us enameled), ger
enamelling (us enameling).
encephalic [ensIfQlIk] adj encefli
co,a.
enchant [IntSAnt] vt 1 (delight) encan
tar, cautivar. 2 (cast spell on) hechizar.
enchanted [IntSAntId] adj encan
tado,a.
enchanting [IntSAntIN] adj encanta endemic [endemIk] adj endmico,a.
dor,ra.
enchantment [IntSAntmnt] n 1 (de-
light) encanto. 2 (spell) hechizo.
encircle [Inskl] vt rodear, cercar.
enclitic [enklItIk] adj encltico,a.
enclose [InklUz] vt 1 (surround) ence
rrar; (with wall or fence) cercar, rodear. 2
(include in letter) adjuntar.
enclosure [InklUZr] n 1 (land) cerca
do; (area) recinto. 2 (with letter) anexo,
documento adjunto.
encode [INkUd] vt codificar.
encore [Nkr] interj otra!.
P n repeticin f, bis m.
encounter [InkaUntr] n encuentro.
P vt (meet) encontrar, encontrarse con;
(be faced with) tropezar con.
126
encourage [InkrIdZ] vt 1 (cheer, inspire)
animar, alentar. 2 (develop, stimulate)
fomentar, favorecer, estimular.
encouragement [InkrIdZmnt] n 1
(act) aliento, nimo. 2 (development) fo
mento, estmulo.
encrypt [enkrIpt] vt cifrar.
encyclopaedia [ensaIklpidI] n en
ciclopedia.
encyclopedia [ensaIklpidI] n enci
clopedia.
end [end] n 1 (extremity - of rope) cabo; (- of
street) final m; (- of table, sofa) extremo;
(- of stick, tail) punta; (- of box) lado. 2 (final
part, finish) fin m, final m. 3 (aim) objeto,
objetivo, fin m. 4 (of cigarette) colilla.
P adj final, ltimo,a.
P vt 1 (conclude) acabar, terminar. 2 (stop)
terminar, poner fin a, acabar con.
a to end in vi acabar en.
a to end off vt sep acabar.
a to end up vi acabar, terminar.
endanger [IndeIndZ r] vt poner en
peligro.
endangered [IndeIndZd] adj en peli
gro. c o m p endangered species especie
f en peligro (de extincin).
endeavor [Indevr] n us endeavour.
endeavour [Indevr] n fml esfuerzo,
empeo.
esforzarse, intentar, procurar.
P vi
ending [endIN] n 1 final m, conclusin f,
desenlace m. 2 ling terminacin f.
endive [endaIv] n 1 gb escarola. 2 us
endibia.
endless [endls] adj interminable.
endocarp [endUkAp] n endocarpio.
endocrine [endUkrIn] adj endocri
no,a. c o m p endocrine gland glndula
endocrina.
endorse [Inds] vt 1 (of cheque, etc) en
dosar. 2 (approve) aprobar, apoyar.
endow [IndaU] vt 1 (bless) dotar. 2 (give
money) dotar (de fondos).
endurance [IndjUrns] n resistencia,
aguante m.
P adj de resistencia.
endure [IndjUr] vt soportar, aguantar.

P vi (continue to exist, survive) durar.
enemy [enmI] n enemigo,a.
pl enemies.
P adj enemigo,a.
energetic [endZetIk] adj enrgico,a.
energy [endZI] n energa.
P n pl energies (efforts) energas fpl ,
fuerzas fpl.
pl energies.
enforce [Infs] vt 1 (force to obey) hacer
cumplir. 2 (impose) imponer.
engage [IngeIdZ] vt 1 (hire) contratar.
2 (take up, occupy) ocupar, entretener.
3 (attract) llamar, atraer, captar. 5
auto (gear) engranar, meter; (clutch)
apretar. 6 tech engranar con.
engaged [IngeIdZd] adj 1 (to be married)
prometido,a. 2 (busy) ocupado,a.
engagement [IngeIdZmnt] n 1 (to be
married) peticin f de mano; (period)
noviazgo. 2 (appointment) compromi
so, cita. 3 mil combate m. 4 (employ-
ment) contrato, empleo.
engaging [IngeIdZIN] adj atractivo,a.
engine [endZIn] n 1 motor m. 2 (of
train) mquina, locomotora. c o m p en
gine driver maquinista mf.
engineer [endZInIr] n 1 (graduate) in
geniero,a; (technician) tcnico,a. 2 us
maquinista mf.
P vt (contrive) maquinar, tramar, urdir.
engineering [endZInIrIN] n ingeniera.
England [INglnd] n Inglaterra.
English [INglIS] adj ingls,esa.
P n (language) ingls m.
Englishman [INglISmn] n ingls m.
pl Englishmen.
English-speaking [InglISspikIN] adj
de habla inglesa.
Englishwoman [INglISwUmn] n in
glesa.
pl Englishwomen [INglISwImIn].
engrave [IngreIv] vt grabar.
engrossed [IngrUst] adj absorto,a
(in, en).
engulf [Inglf] vt envolver.
enhance [InhAns] vt 1 (beauty, taste)
realzar; (quality, chances) mejorar; (pow-
er, value) aumentar. 2 comput procesar.
127 enter
enigma [InIgm] n enigma m.
enigmatic [enIgmQtIk] adj enigm
tico,a.
enjoy [IndZI] vt 1 (get pleasure from) dis
frutar de; (like) gustarle a uno. 2 (ben-
efit from) gozar de.
enjoyment [IndZImnt] n placer m.
enlarge [InlAdZ] vt (gen) extender, au
mentar; (photograph) ampliar.
enlargement [InlAdZmnt] n 1 (photo- E
graph) ampliacin f. 2 extensin f.
enlighten [InlaItn] vt 1 (free from igno-
rance) iluminar, ilustrar. 2 (inform) in
formar, instruir.
enlightenment [InlaItnmnt] n 1 fml
(act) aclaracin f, explicacin f. 2 (lib-
eralism) tolerancia.
P n the Enlightenment la Ilustracin f.
enliven [InlaIvn] vt avivar, animar.
enormous [Inms] adj enorme.
enough [Inf] adj bastante, suficiente.
P adv bastante, suficientemente.
enquire [INkwaIr] vt preguntar.
P vi 1 preguntar, informarse. 2 jur in
vestigar (into, -).
enquiry [INkwaIrI] n 1 pregunta. 2 jur
investigacin f.
pl enquiries.
enrage [InreIdZ] vt enfurecer.
enrich [InrItS] vt enriquecer.
enrol [InrUl] vt matricular, inscribir.
P vi matricularse, inscribirse.
pt & pp enrolled, ger enrolling.
enroll [InrUl] n us enrol.
enrollment [InrUlmnt] n us enrol
ment.
enrolment [InrUlmnt] n matrcula,
inscripcin f.
ensemble [nsmbl] n conjunto.
ensue [InsjU] vi 1 (follow) seguir. 2 (re-
sult) resultar (from, de).
ensure [InSUr] vt 1 (make sure) asegu
rarse. 2 (assure) asegurar.
entail [InteIl] vt (involve, mean) suponer,
implicar; (make necessary) ocasionar.
entangle [IntQNgl] vt enredar.
enter [entr] vt 1 (gen) entrar en. 3 (partici-
pate) participar en; (register) inscribirse
en. 4 (write down, record) anotar, apuntar.
 enterprise
enterprise [entpraIz] n 1 (venture) em
presa, proyecto. 2 (initiative) iniciati
va. 3 (firm) empresa.
entertain [entteIn] vt 1 (amuse) entre
tener, divertir. 2 fml (suggestion, etc)
considerar, tener en cuenta; (doubts,
etc) abrigar. 3 (invite) recibir, invitar.
P vi (act as host) tener invitados.
, To entertain no significa entretener
(distraer), que se traduce por to occupy.
entertaining [entteInIN] adj diver
tido,a, entretenido,a.
entertainment [entteInmnt] n 1
(amusement) entretenimiento, diver
sin f. 2 theat espectculo, funcin f.
enthral [InTrl] vt cautivar.
pt & pp enthralled, ger enthralling.
enthrall [InTrl] vt us enrol.
enthrone [InTrUn] vt entronizar.
enthusiasm [InTjUzIQzm] n entu
siasmo (about/for, por).
enthusiast [InTjUzIQst] n entusiasta mf.
enthusiastic [InTjUzIQstIk] adj 1 (re-
action) entusistico,a, caluroso,a. 2
(person) entusiasta.
entice [IntaIs] vt persuadir, tentar.
entire [IntaIr] adj entero,a.
entitle [IntaItl] vt 1 (give right to) dar
derecho (to, a). 2 (book, etc) titular.
entity [entItI] n entidad f.
pl entities.
entourage [ntUrAZ] n squito.
entrails [entreIlz] n pl entraas fpl, tri
pas fpl, vsceras fpl.
entrance [entrns] n 1 (gen) entrada;
(door, gate) puerta; (hall) vestbulo, hall
m. 2 (admission) entrada, admisin f; (to
school, university) ingreso.
entrant [entrnt] n (competitor) partici
pante mf; (applicant) aspirante mf.
entrepreneur [ntrprnr] n (business epigraph [epIgrAf] n epgrafe m.
person) empresario,a.
entrust [Intrst] vt confiar.
entry [entrI] n 1 (entrance) entrada; (join-
ing) ingreso. 2 (right to enter) admisin f.
3 us (door, gate) puerta. 4 (item in accounts)
asiento; (in diary) anotacin f; (in diction-
128
ary) entrada. 5 (in competition - participant)
participante mf.
pl entries.
entryphone [entrIfUn] n portero au
tomtico.
enumerate [InjUmreIt] vt enumerar.
enunciate [InnsIeIt] vt 1 (pronounce)
pronunciar, articular. 2 (express) ex
presar, enunciar.
envelop [Invelp] vt envolver.
envelope [envlUp] n (of letter) sobre
m; (covering) envoltura.
enviable [envIbl] adj envidiable.
envious [envIs] adj (person) envidio
so,a; (look, etc) de envidia.
environment [InvaIrnmnt] n 1 (ecol-
ogy) medio ambiente m: we need to pro-
tect the environment hemos de proteger
el medio ambiente. 2 (surroundings) am
biente m, entorno; (habitat) hbitat m.
environmental [InvaIrnmentl] adj
1 (ecological) del medio ambiente, am
biental: environmental pollution conta
minacin del medio ambiente. 2 (of sur-
roundings) ambiental.
environs [InvaIrnz] n pl alrededores mpl.
envisage [InvIzIdZ] vt 1 (foresee) pre
ver. 2 (imagine) imaginarse.
envoy [envI] n enviado,a.
envy [envI] n envidia (at/of, de).
pl envies.
P vt envidiar, tener envidia de.
pt & pp envied, ger envying.
enzyme [enzaIm] n enzima m & f.
ephemeral [Ifemrl] adj efmero,a.
epic [epIk] adj pico,a.
epicentre [epIsentr] n epicentro.
epidemic [epIdemIk] n epidemia.
P adj epidmico,a.
epidermis [epIdmIs] n epidermis f.
epiglottis [epIgltIs] n epiglotis f.
epilepsy [epIlepsI] n epilepsia.
epileptic [epIleptIk] adj epilptico,a.
P n epilptico,a.
epilogue [epIlg] n eplogo.
episode [epIsUd] n 1 episodio. 2 (of
series) captulo.

epitaph [epItAf] n epitafio.
epithelial [epITelIl] adj epitelial.
epithet [epITet] n epteto.
epoch [ipk] n poca.
equal [ikwl] adj 1 (identical) igual;
(same) mismo,a. 2 (capable) capaz.
P n igual mf.
P vt 1 math ser igual a, equivaler a. 2
(match) igualar.
equality [IkwlItI] n igualdad f.
pl equalities.
equalize [ikwlaIz] vi sp empatar.
P vt igualar.
equanimity [ekwnImItI] n ecuani
midad f.
equate [IkweIt] vt equiparar ( with,
con), comparar (with, con).
equation [IkweIZn] n 1 math ecua
cin f. 2 fml (relationship) relacin f.
c o m p simple equation ecuacin f de
primer grado.
equator [IkweItr] n ecuador m.
equestrian [IkwestrIn] adj ecuestre.
P n (man) jinete m; (woman) amazona.
equidistant [ikwIdIstnt] adj equi
distante.
equilateral [ikwIlQtrl] adj equi
ltero,a. c o m p equilateral triangle
tringulo equiltero.
equilibrium [ikwIlIbrIm] n equilibrio.
equine [ekwaIn] adj equino,a.
equinox [ikwInks] n equinoccio.
equip [IkwIp] vt 1 (fit out, supply) equi
par (with, con), proveer (with, de). 2
(prepare) preparar (for/to, para).
pt & pp equipped, ger equipping.
equipment [IkwIpmnt] n 1 (materials)
equipo, material m. 2 (act of equipping)
equipamiento.
equitable [ekwItbl] adj fml equita
tivo,a.
equivalence [IkwIvlns] n equiva
lencia.
equivalent [IkwIvlnt] adj equiva
lente.
P n equivalente m.
era [Ir] n era, poca.
eradicate [IrQdIkeIt] vt erradicar.
129 especial
eradication [IrQdIkeISn] n erradica
cin f.
erase [IreIz] vt borrar.
eraser [IreIzr] n goma de borrar.
erect [Irekt] adj 1 (upright) derecho,a,
erguido,a. 2 anat erecto,a.
P vt (build) erigir, levantar; (put up - tent)
armar; (- flagstaff) izar.
erection [IrekSn] n ereccin f.
ergonomic [gnmIk] adj ergon E
mico,a.
erode [IrUd] vt 1 (rock, soil) erosionar.
2 (metal) corroer, desgastar.
erosion [IrUZn] n 1 (of rock, soil) ero
sin f. 2 (of metal) corrosin f.
erotic [IrtIk] adj ertico,a.
errand [ernd] n encargo, recado.
error [err] n error m, equivocacin f.
erupt [Irpt] vi 1 (volcano) entrar en
erupcin. 2 fig (war, violence, fire) esta
llar. 3 med (rash, spots, etc) brotar, salir;
(tooth) salir.
eruption [IrpSn] n 1 (volcano) erup
cin f. 2 fig (war, anger) estallido. 3
(disease) brote m, epidemia; (rash, spots,
etc) erupcin f.
escalator [eskleItr] n escalera me
cnica.
escalope [esklp] n escalope.
escapade [eskpeId, eskpeId] n
aventura.
escape [IskeIp] n 1 (flight) fuga, huida
(from, de). 2 (of gas) fuga, escape m.
P vi1 (get free, get away) escaparse, fu
garse, huir. 2 (gas, etc) escapar.
P vt 1 (avoid) escapar a, librarse de. 2
(be forgotten or unnoticed) no recordar.
escort [(n) eskt; (vb) Iskt] n 1 acom
paante mf. 2 mil escolta.
P vt 1 acompaar: Ill escort you home te
acompaar a casa. 2 mil escoltar.
Eskimo [eskImU] n 1 (person) esqui
mal mf. 2 (language) esquimal m.
pl Eskimos o Eskimo.
P adj esquimal.
esophagus [Isfgs] n us oesophagus.
esoteric [esUterIk] adj esotrico,a.
espadrille [espdrIl] n alpargata.
especial [IspeSl] adj especial.
 especially
especially [IspeSlI] adv especialmen
te, sobre todo.
espresso [espresU] n caf m exprs.
pl espressos.
essay [eseI] n 1 (school) redaccin f;
(university) trabajo. 2 (literary) ensayo. 3
fml (attempt) intento.
P vt fml intentar.
essence [esns] n esencia.
essential [IsenSl] adj esencial.
P n (necessary thing) necesidad f bsica.
P n pl essentials lo esencial m sing, lo
fundamental m sing.
establish [IstQblIS] vt 1 (gen) estable
cer. 2 (find out, determine) determinar,
averiguar.
established [IstQblISt] adj 1 (practice,
custom) consolidado,a. 2 (person - set
up) establecido,a; (- well known) reco
nocido,a. 3 (fact) comprobado,a.
establishment [IstQblISmnt] n 1 (set-
ting up) establecimiento, fundacin f.
2 (premises) establecimiento; (business)
negocio. 3 (staff) plantilla, personal m.
P n the Establishment gb el sistema.
estate [IsteIt] n 1 (land) finca. 2 gb
(with houses) urbanizacin f. 3 (money
and property) propiedad f, bienes mpl;
(inheritance) herencia.
, Estate no significa estado, que se
traduce por state o condition.
esteem [Istim] vt estimar.
Pn aprecio, estima.
esthetic [isTetIk] adj us aesthetic.
estimate [(n) estImt; (vb) estImeIt] n
1 (calculation - of amount, size) clculo,
estimacin f; (- of value, cost) valora
cin f, estimacin f; (- for work) presu
puesto. 2 (judgement) evaluacin f ,
juicio, opinin f.
P vt 1 (calculate) calcular. 2 (judge, form
opinion about) pensar, creer, estimar.
P vi (for work) hacer un presupuesto
(for, de).
, To estimate no significa estimar
(querer), que se traduce por to respect.
estimation [estImeISn] n 1 opinin
f, juicio. 2 (esteem) estima, aprecio.
130
Estonia [estUnI] n Estonia.
Estonian [estUnIn] adj estonio,a.
P n 1 (person) estonio,a. 2 (language)
estonio.
estrogen [istrdZn] n us oestrogen.
estuary [estjUrI] n estuario.
pl estuaries.
etching [etSIN] n aguafuerte m & f.
eternal [Itnl] adj 1 (everlasting)
eterno,a. 2 fam (unceasing) incesante.
3 (immutable) inmutable.
eternity [ItntI] n eternidad f.
ether [iTr] n ter m.
ethic [eTIk] n tica.
ethical [eTIkl] adj tico,a, moral.
ethics [eTIks] n (science) tica.
P n pl (moral correctness) moralidad f.
Ethiopia [iTIUpI] n Etiopa.
Ethiopian [iTIUpIn] adj etope.
P n 1 (person) etope mf, etiope mf. 2
(language) etope m.
ethnic [eTnIk] adj tnico,a. c o m p eth
nic minority minora tnica.
ethnography [eTngrfI] n etnografa.
ethnology [eTnldZI] n etnologa.
ethyl [iTaIl, eTIl] n chem etilo. c o m p
ethyl alcohol alcohol m etlico.
etiquette [etIket] n protocolo, eti
queta.
, Etiquette no significa etiqueta (r
tulo), que se traduce por label.
etymological [etImldZIkl] adj
etimolgico,a.
etymology [etImldZI] n etimologa.
pl etymologies.
eucalyptus [jUklIpts] n eucalipto.
comp eucalyptus tree eucalipto.
EU [ijU] abbr (European Union) Unin
f Europea; (abbreviation) UE f.
euphemism [jUfmIzm] n eufemismo.
euro [jUrU] n euro.
Europe [jUrp] n Europa.
European [jUrpIn] adj europeo,a.
Pn (person) europeo,a. c o m p European
Economic Community Comunidad f
Econmica Europea. y European Par
liament Parlamento Europeo. y Euro
pean Union Unin f Europea.

euthanasia [jUTneIzI] n eutanasia.
evacuate [IvQkjUeIt] vt 1 (people) eva
cuar. 2 (place) desalojar; (mil) desocupar.
evacuation [IvQkjUeISn] n 1 (of peo-
ple) evacuacin f. 2 (of place) desalojo.
evade [IveId] vt 1 evadir, eludir.
evaluate [IvQljUeIt] vt (assess) evaluar,
juzgar; (estimate value) valorar, calcu
lar (el valor de), tasar.
evaluation [IvQljUeISn] n evaluacin f.
evaporate [IvQpreIt] vt evaporar.
P vi evaporarse.
evaporation [IvQpreISn] n evapo
racin f.
evasion [IveIZn] n 1 (gen) evasin f. 2
(excuse, etc) evasiva.
evasive [IveIsIv] adj evasivo,a.
eve [iv] n vspera, vigilia. l o c on the
eve of sth en vsperas de algo.
even [ivn] adj 1 (level, flat) llano,a,
plano,a; (smooth) liso,a: this surface
isnt even esta superficie no es plana. 2
(regular, steady) uniforme, regular,
constante. 3 (evenly balanced) igual,
igualado,a. 4 (number) par. 5 (placid -
character) apacible. 7 (on the same level as)
a nivel (with, de).
P adv 1 hasta, incluso, aun: its always
sunny, even in winter siempre hace sol, in
cluso en invierno. 2 (with negative) si
quiera, ni siquiera: she never even said
hello ni siquiera me salud. 3 (before com-
parative) aun, todava: shes even more
beautiful than I remembered es aun ms
guapa de lo que recordaba. l o c even if
aun si, aunque. y even so aun as. y
even though aunque, aun cuando.
P vt 1 (level) nivelar, allanar. 2 (score)
igualar; (situation) equilibrar.
a to even out vt sep (make level) nivelar;
(make equal) igualar; (spread equally) re
partir equitativamente.
evening [ivnIN] n (early) tarde f; (late)
noche f. l o c good evening! buenas
tardes!, !buenas noches!
. Evening comprende la parte final de la
tarde y el principio de la noche, antes de
que anochezca del todo.
131 everywhere
evenly [ivnlI] adv 1 (uniformly) unifor
memente. 2 (fairly, equally) equitati
vamente, igualmente. 3 (of voice) en
el mismo tono,.
event [Ivent] n 1 (happening) suceso,
acontecimiento. 2 sp prueba.
eventual [IventSUl] adj 1 (final, ultimate)
final. 2 (resulting) consiguiente. 3 (pos-
sible) posible.
, Eventual no significa provisional, E
que se traduce por temporary.
eventually [IventSUlI] adv finalmen
te, con el tiempo.
ever [ev r] adv 1 (in negative sentences)
nunca, jams. 2 (in questions) alguna
vez. 3 (always) siempre. 4 (after com-
parative and superlative) nunca. 5 (em-
phatic use): how ever did you lose your coat?
cmo has podido perder el abrigo? l o c
for ever para siempre.
evergreen [evgrin] adj bot de hoja
perenne.
P n rbol m de hoja perenne.
everlasting [evlAstIN] adj 1 (eternal,
lasting for ever) eterno,a. 2 (lasting for a
long time) duradero,a.
every [evrI] adj 1 (each) cada; (all)
todos,as: every day cada da, todos los
das. 3 (all possible): we encourage people
to help in every way animamos a la gente a
que ayude de cualquier manera. l o c
every other day un da s un da no,
cada dos das.
. Consulta tambin each.
everybody [evrIbdI] pron todos,as,
todo el mundo.
everyday [evrIdeI] adj (day-to-day)
diario,a; (ordinary) corriente, cotidia
no,a: for everyday use para uso diario.
everyone [evrIwn] pron everybody.
everyplace [evrIpleIs] adv us every
where.
everything [evrITIN] pron todo.
everywhere [evrIwer] adv 1 (place) en
todas partes, por todas partes: hes
been everywhere ha estado en todas par
tes. 2 (movement) a todas partes.
evidence
evidence [evIdns] n 1 (proof) prueba,
pruebas fpl. 2 (sign, indication) indicio,
indicios mpl, seal f. 3 jur (testimony)
testimonio, declaracin f.
P vt 1 (prove) demostrar, probar. 2 (give
proof of) justificar.
evident [evIdnt] adj evidente.
evil [ivl] adj 1 (gen) malo,a. 2 (foul -
smell) ftido,a, repugnante; (- temper,
weather) terrible, de perros. 4 (unlucky)
aciago,a, de mal agero.
P n (wickedness) mal m, maldad f.
evoke [IvUk] vt 1 (bring to mind) evocar.
2 fml (produce, cause) provocar.
evolution [ivlUSn] n evolucin f. excerpt [ekspt] n extracto.
evolve [Ivlv] vt 1 (develop) desarrollar.
2 (give off) desprender.
P vi evolucionar.
ewe [jU] n oveja.
exact [IgzQkt] adj 1 (precise) exacto,a.
2 (meticulous) meticuloso,a. 3 (accurate)
preciso,a. 4 (specific, particular) justo.
P vt (demand, insist on) exigir (from, a).
exacting [IgzQktIN] adj exigente.
exaggerate [IgzQdZreIt] vt exagerar.
exalt [Igzlt] vt 1 fml (elevate) exaltar,
elevar. 2 (praise, extol) ensalzar.
exam [IgzQm] n fam examen m.
examination [IgzQmIneISn] n 1 educ
examen m. 2 (inspection) inspeccin f,
examen m; (of house, room) registro. 3
med reconocimiento. 4 jur interro
gatorio.
examine [IgzQmIn] vt 1 (inspect) ins
peccionar, examinar; (check) com
probar; (consider) examinar, estudiar.
2 (customs) registrar. 3 educ examinar
(in/on, de). 4 med hacer un reconoci
miento a. 5 jur interrogar.
examiner [IgzQmIn r] n examin a exciting [IksaItIN] adj emocionante.
dor,ra.
example [IgzAmpl] n (gen) ejemplo.
exasperate [IgzAspreIt] vt exasperar,
irritar. l o c for example por ejemplo.
excavate [ekskveIt] vt excavar.
excavation [ekskveISn] n excava
cin f.
excavator [ekskveItr] n (machine) ex
cavadora.
132
exceed [Iksid] vt exceder.
excel [Iksel] vt (surpass) superar.
P vi (be very good at) destacar ( at/in ,
en), sobresalir (at/in, en).
pt & pp excelled, ger excelling.
excellence [ekslns] n excelencia.
excellent [ekslnt] adj excelente.
P interj fam estupendo!, fantstico!.
except [Iksept] prep excepto, salvo.
P vt fml excluir, exceptuar.
exception [IksepSn] n excepcin f.
exceptional [IksepSnl] adj excep
cional.
excess [Ikses] n 1 exceso. 2 comm ex
cedente m.
P adj excedente, sobrante.
excessive [IksesIv] adj excesivo,a.
exchange [IkstSeIndZ] n 1 (gen) cam
bio. 2 (of ideas, information, etc) inter
cambio. 3 (of prisoners) canje m. 4 fin
cambio. 5 educ (reciprocal visit) inter
cambio.
P vt 1 (gen) cambiar. 2 (ideas, informa-
tion, etc) intercambiar. 3 (prisoners)
canjear.
exchequer [IkstSekr] n (treasury) teso
ro pblico.
P n the Exchequer Hacienda.
excite [IksaIt] vt 1 (enthuse, thrill) emo
cionar, apasionar. 2 fml (bring about)
provocar. 3 (stimulate) excitar.
excited [IksaItId] adj 1 emocionado,a,
ilusionado,a. 2 (sexually) excitado,a.
excitement [IksaItmnt] n 1 (strong
feeling) emocin f, entusiasmo, ilu
sin f. 2 (commotion) agitacin f, con
mocin f, revuelo.
exclaim [IkskleIm] vt exclamar, gritar.
P vi exclamar.
exclamation [eksklmeISn] n excla
macin f. c o m p exclamation mark sig
no de admiracin. y exclamation point
us signo de admiracin.
exclude [IksklUd] vt 1 (leave out, not in-
clude) excluir, no incluir. 2 (debar, pre-
vent from entering) no admitir.

excluding [IksklUdIN] prep (excepting)
excepto, con excepcin de.
exclusive [IksklUsIv] adj 1 (gen)
exclusivo,a. 2 (press) en exclusiva.
P n (press) exclusiva.
excrement [ekskrImnt] n excremento.
excrete [Ikskrit] vt excretar.
excretory [IkskritI] adj excre exhausting [IgzstIN] adj agota
tor,ra. c o m p excretory system sistema
excretor.
excruciating [IkskrUSIeItIN] adj 1 in
soportable. 2 euph fatal, horrible.
excursion [IkskZn] n (outing) excur P vt 1 (display, show) exponer, presentar.
sin f, viaje m.
excuse [(n) IkskjUs; (vb) IkskjUz] n 1
(apology) disculpa. 2 (pretext) excusa.
P vt 1 perdonar, disculpar. 2 (justify)
justificar. 3 (exempt) eximir.
execute [eksIkjUt] vt 1 (put to death)
ejecutar. 2 (carry out) ejecutar; (orders)
cumplir; (tasks) realizar. 3 (music, etc)
interpretar.
execution [eksIkjUSn] n 1 (carrying
out) ejecucin f; (of order) cumplimien
to; (of task) realizacin f. 2 (putting to
death) ejecucin f. 4 (of music, etc) inter
pretacin f.
executioner [eksIkjUSnr] n verdugo.
executive [IgzekjtIv] adj ejecut i
vo,a.
P n (person) ejecutivo,a; (committee)
ejecutiva.
P n the executive el (poder) ejecutivo.
exemplify [IgzemplIfaI] vt ejemplificar.
pt & pp exemplified, ger exemplifying.
exempt [Igzempt] adj exento,a, libre
(from, de).
P vt eximir, dispensar (from, de).
exemption [IgzempSn] n exencin f
(from, de).
exercise [ekssaIz] n ejercicio. c o m p
exercise book cuaderno.
P vt 1 (employ, make use of) ejercer, em
plear. 2 (give exercise to - dog) sacar de
paseo; (- horse) entrenar.
P vi hacer ejercicio, entrenarse.
exert [Igzt] vt ejercer.
exhalation [ekshleIS n] vt exhala
cin f.
133 expand
exhale [eksheIl] vt (breathe out) exhalar.
P vi (give off) despedir.
exhaust [Igzst] n 1 (pipe) (tubo de)
escape m. 2 (fumes) gases mpl de com
bustin.
P vt 1 (gen) agotar. 2 (empty) vaciar.
exhausted [IgzstId] adj agotado,a.
dor,ra.
exhaustive [IgzstIv] adj exhaus E
tivo,a.
exhibit [IgzIbIt] n art objeto expuesto.
2 fml (manifest) manifestar, mostrar.
P vi (of artist) exponer.
exhibition [eksIbISn] n 1 (art, etc) ex
posicin f. 2 (display) demostracin f,
muestra.
exhibitionist [eksIbISnIst] n exhibi
cionista mf.
exhilarating [IgzIlreItIN] adj (invigorating)
estimulante; (exciting) emocionante.
exhume [ekshjUm] vt exhumar.
exile [eksaIl] n 1 (action) destierro, exi
lio. 2 (person) desterrado,a, exilia
do,a.
P vt desterrar, exiliar.
exist [IgzIst] vi 1 (gen) existir. 2 (subsist)
subsistir (on, a base de).
existence [IgzIstns] n existencia.
existent [IgzIstnt] adj existente.
exit [eksIt] n 1 (gen) salida. 2 theat mu
tis m.
P vi theat hacer mutis.
, Exit no significa xito, que se tradu
ce por success.
exodus [eksds] n xodo.
exorbitant [IgzbItnt] adj exorbi
tante.
exorcism [ekssIzm] n exorcismo.
exotic [egztIk] adj extico,a.
expand [IkspQnd] vt 1 (enlarge - business)
ampliar; (- number) aumentar, incre
mentar. 2 (gas, metal) dilatar, expandir.
P vi 1 (grow larger) crecer, aumentar.
2 (metal) dilatarse; (gas) expandirse. 3
(spread out) extenderse.
 expanse
a to expand on vt insep ampliar, desa
rrollar.
expanse [IkspQns] n extensin f.
expansion [IkspQnSn] n 1 crecimien
to, aumento. 2 (gas, metal) dilatacin f,
expansin f. 3 (trade) desarrollo.
expansive [IkspQnsIv] adj 1 (friendly,
talkative) hablador,ra, comunica
tivo,a. 2 (able to expand) expansivo,a.
expect [Ikspekt] vt 1 (anticipate) espe
rar: I never expected to win no esperaba
ganar. 2 (demand) esperar, contar
con. 3 gb fam (suppose) suponer, ima
ginar.
expectancy [IkspektnsI] n (anticipa-
tion) expectacin f , expectativa;
(hope) ilusin f.
expectation [ekspekteISn] n (hope,
firm belief) esperanza.
P n pl expectations (confident feelings) ex
pectativas fpl.
, Expectation no significa expectati
va, que se traduce por excitement.
expedient [IkspidInt] adj convenien
te, oportuno,a.
P n expediente m, recurso.
expedition [ekspIdISn] n 1 (gen) ex
pedicin f. 2 fml (speed) aceleracin f,
prontitud f.
expel [Ikspel] vt expulsar.
pt & pp expelled, ger expelling.
expend [Ikspend] vt 1 fml (spend, use)
gastar, emplear. 2 fml (use up, exhaust)
agotar.
expendable [Ikspendbl] adj fml
prescindible.
expenditure [IkspendItSr] n gasto,
desembolso.
expense [Ikspens] n gasto, desem
bolso.
P n pl expenses gastos mpl.
expensive [IkspensIv] adj caro,a.
experience [IkspIrIns] n experiencia.
P vt (sensation, situation, etc) experimen
tar; (difficulty) tener; (loss) sufrir.
experienced [IkspIrInst] adj expe
rimentado,a, con experiencia.
experiment [IksperImnt] n experi
mento.
134
experimentar, hacer experimen
P vi
tos.
experimental [IksperImentl] adj ex
perimental.
expert [ekspt] n experto,a (at/in/
on, en).
P adj experto,a.
expertise [eksptiz] n (skill) pericia,
habilidad f; (knowledge) conocimiento
(prctico).
expire [IkspaIr] vi 1 (come to end) termi
nar, acabarse; (die) expirar, morir. 2
(run out - contract) vencer; (- passport, ticket)
caducar. 3 med (breathe out) espirar.
expiry [IkspaII] n 1 (ending) expira
cin f, terminacin f. 2 (of contract, bill
of exchange) vencimiento; (of passport,
driving licence, etc) caducidad f.
explanation [eksplneISn] n explica
cin f.
explicit [IksplIsIt] adj explcito,a.
explode [IksplUd] vt 1 (blow up - bomb, etc)
hacer estallar, hacer explotar. 2 (refute -
theory) refutar; (- rumour) desmentir.
P vi 1 (blow up) estallar, explotar. 2 (react
violently) reventar, explotar, estallar.
exploit [(n) eksplIt; (vb) IksplIt] n ha
zaa, proeza.
P vt 1 (work, develop fully) explotar. 2 (use
unfairly) aprovecharse de, explotar.
exploitation [eksplIteISn] n explo
tacin f.
exploration [eksplreISn] n explora
cin f.
explore [Iksplr] vt 1 (gen) explorar. 2
(examine) examinar.
P vi explorar.
explorer [Iksplrr] n explorador,ra.
explosion [IksplUZn] n 1 (gen) ex
plosin f, estallido. 2 (violent outburst)
ataque m, arrebato.
explosive [IksplUsIv] adj explosi
vo,a.
exponent [IkspUnnt] n 1 (gen) expo
nente m; (supporter) defensor,ra (of,
de), partidario,a (of, de). 2 (performer)
intrprete mf; (expert) experto,a. 3
math exponente m.

exponential [ekspnenSl] adj math
exponencial.
export [(n) ekspt ; (vb) Ikspt] n 1
(trade) exportacin f. 2 (article) artculo
de exportacin.
P vt exportar.
exporter [ekspt r ] n exporta
dor,ra.
expose [IkspUz] vt 1 (uncover, make visi-
ble) exponer. 2 (make known - secret, etc)
revelar, descubrir; (- person) desen
mascarar. 3 fig (lay open) exponerse. 4
(photo) exponer.
exposure [IkspUZr] n 1 (being exposed)
exposicin f. 2 (revelation, disclosure) re
velacin f, descubrimiento. 3 (in pho-
tography - picture) fotografa; (- time) ex
posicin f . 4 (position of house, etc)
situacin f, orientacin f. 5 (publicity)
publicidad f; (coverage) cobertura.
express [Ikspres] adj 1 (explicit) expre
so,a, claro,a. 2 (fast - mail) urgente;
(- train, coach) expreso.
P adv urgente.
P n (rail) (tren m) expreso.
P vt 1 expresar. 2 fml (juice) exprimir.
expression [IkspreSn] n 1 (gen) ex
presin f; (manifestation) manifesta
cin f. 2 math expresin f.
expressive [IkspresIv] adj expresi
vo,a.
expressway [IkspresweI] n us auto
pista.
expulsion [IksplSn] n expulsin f.
exquisite [ekskwIzIt, ekskwIzIt] adj 1
(delicate, etc) exquisito,a, perfecto,a.
2 fml (of emotion) intenso,a; (of power to
feel) delicado,a.
extend [Ikstend] vt 1 (enlarge) ampliar;
(lengthen - line, road) prolongar, alargar.
2 (over time) prolongar, alargar; (dead-
line) prorrogar. 3 (stretch out - arm, hand)
alargar, tender; (- leg) estirar; (- wing)
desplegar, extender.
P vi 1 (in space) continuar, extenderse,
llegar hasta. 2 (in time) prolongarse,
alargarse, durar. 3 (become extended -
ladder, etc) extenderse. 4 (include, affect)
incluir, abarcar, extenderse a.
135 extract
extension [IkstenSn] n 1 (widening)
ampliacin f, extensin f. 2 (of line,
road, etc) prolongacin f. 5 (telephone
line) extensin f; (telephone) supletorio.
extensive [IkstensIv] adj 1 (area)
extenso,a, amplio,a. 2 (wide-ranging)
vasto,a, amplio,a, extenso,a; (thor-
ough) exhaustivo, minucioso,a. 3
(very great in effect, widespread) importan
te, mltiple.
extensor [Ikstensr] n extensor.
E
extent [Ikstent] n 1 (expanse) exten
sin f. 2 (range, scale, scope) amplitud f,
alcance m. 3 (point) punto.
extenuate [IkstenjUeIt] vt fml ate
nuar.
exterior [IkstII r ] adj exterior,
externo,a: exterior walls paredes exte
riores.
P n 1 exterior m. 2 (of person) aspecto
externo, apariencia.
exterminate [IkstmIneIt] vt exter
minar.
extermination [IkstmIneISn] n ex
terminacin f, exterminio.
external [ekstnl] adj externo,a,
exterior. c o m p external ear odo ex
terno.
extinct [IkstINkt] adj 1 (of animal) extin
guido,a. 2 (of volcano) extinguido,a,
apagado,a.
extinction [IkstINkSn] n extincin f.
extinguish [IkstINgwIS] vt extinguir.
extinguisher [IkstINgwISr] n extintor m.
extort [Ikstt] vt (money) sacar, conse
guir a la fuerza; (promise, confession)
arrancar, obtener.
extortion [IkstSn] n extorsin f.
extra [ekst] adj (additional) extra,
ms, otro,a; (spare) de sobra; (on top)
aparte.
P adv (more than usually) extra, muy;
(additional) aparte.
P n 1 (additional thing) extra m, comple
mento; (additional charge) suplemento;
(luxury) lujo. 2 cinem extra mf. 3 (press)
edicin f especial.
extract [(n) ekstrQkt; (vb) IkstrQkt] n
extracto.
 extraction
P vt 1 (pull out) extraer, sacar. 2 (obtain -
confession, promise, etc) arrancar, obte
ner; (- information, passage, quotation) ex
traer, sacar. 3 (produce) extraer, sacar.
extraction [IkstrQkSn] n 1 (gen) ex
traccin f. 2 (of tooth) extraccin f. 3
(descent) origen m.
extractor [IkstrQktr] n extractor m. c o m p
extractor fan extractor m de humos.
extradite [ekstrdaIt] vt extraditar,
extradir.
extradition [ekstrdISn] n extradi
cin f.
extramarital [ekstrmQItl] adj ex exude [IgzjUd] vt 1 fml (of sweat, etc)
tramatrimonial.
extraordinary [IkstrdnI] adj
extraordinario,a.
extrasensory [ekstrsensI] adj ex
trasensorial.
extraterrestrial [ekstrtrestrIl] adj
extraterrestre.
P n extraterrestre mf.
extravagance [IkstrQvgns] n (spend-
ing) derroche m, despilfarro, lujo; (be-
haviour) extravagancia.
extravagant [IkstrQvgnt] adj 1
(wasteful - person) derrochador,ra,
despilfarrador,ra; (- thing) ineficaz,
ineficiente. 2 (extreme) extravagante.
3 (luxurious) lujoso,a.
extreme [Ikstrim] adj 1 (gen) extre
mo,a. 2 (severe, unusual) excepcional.
P n extremo.
extremism [IkstrimIzm] n extremis
mo.
extremist [IkstrimIst] n extremista mf.
extremity [IkstremItI] n 1 fml (furthest
point) extremo. 2 fml (extreme degree, sit-
uation) situacin f extrema.
P n pl extremities anat extremidades fpl.
pl extremities.
136
extricate [ekstrIkeIt] vt fml librar, sa
car. l o c to extricate os lograr salir
(from, de).
extrinsic [IkstrInzIk] adj extrnseco,a.
extrovert [ekstrvt] adj extrover
tido,a.
P n extrovertido,a.
exuberance [IgzjUbns] n (vigour)
exuberancia; (high spirits) euforia.
exuberant [IgzjUbnt] adj 1 (of per-
son) eufrico,a. 2 (of plants) exube
rante.
exudar, rezumar. 2 fig (of feeling) re
bosar: she exudes confidence rebosa de
confianza.
P vi (of sweat, etc) exudar, rezumar.
exultant [Igzltnt] adj exultante.
eye [aI] n 1 anat ojo. 2 (sense) vista. 3
(of needle, potato, storm) ojo.
P vt (observe) mirar, observar; (look at
longingly) echar el ojo a.
eyeball [aIbl] n globo ocular.
eyebolt [aIbUlt] n armella, hembrilla.
eyebrow [aIbaU] n ceja.
eye-catching [aIkQtSIN] adj llamati
vo,a.
eyelash [aIlQS] n pestaa.
eyelid [aIlId] n prpado.
eyeliner [aIlaInr] n lpiz m de ojos.
eyesight [aIsaIt] n vista.
eyesore [aIsr] n monstruosidad f.
eyestrain [aIstreIn] n vista cansada.
eyetooth [aItUT] n colmillo.
eyewash [aIwS] n 1 med colirio. 2
fam (nonsense) tonteras fpl: its all eye-
wash! eso son disparates!.
eyewitness [aIwItns] n testigo pre
sencial, testigo ocular.

F, f [ef] n 1 (the letter) F, f f. 2 mus fa m.
F [fQrnhaIt] abbr (Fahrenheit) Fahren
heit; (abbreviation) F.
fable [feIbl] n fbula.
fabric [fQbrIk] n 1 (material) tela, tejido.
2 (structure) fbrica, estructura.
, Fabric no significa fbrica, que se tra
duce por factory.
fabulous [fQbjls] adj fabuloso,a.
faade [fsAd] n fachada.
face [feIs] n 1 (gen) cara. 2 (surface) su
perficie f. 3 (of dial) cuadrante m. 4 (of
watch) esfera. l o c face down boca aba
jo. y face up boca arriba.
P vt 1 (look towards) mirar hacia. 2 (look
onto) estar orientado,a hacia, dar a. 3
(be opposite to) estar enfrente de. 4 (con-
front) presentarse, plantearse; (deal with)
enfrentarse a. 5 (tolerate) soportar.
a to face up to vt insep afrontar, en
frentar, enfrentarse a.
faceless [feIsls] adj annimo,a.
facelift [feIslIft] n 1 lifting m. 2 fig
(building) lavado de cara.
facet [fQsIt] n faceta.
facial [feISl] adj facial.
facilitate [fsIlIteIt] vt facilitar.
facility [fsIlItI] n facilidad f.
P n pl facilities 1 (equipment) instalacio
nes fpl, servicios mpl. 2 (means) facili
dades fpl.
pl facilities.
fact [fQkt] n 1 (event, happening) hecho. 2
(the truth) realidad f. l o c as a matter of
fact en realidad. y in fact de hecho.
faction [fQkSn] n faccin f.
factor [fQktr] n factor m.
F
137
factorize [fQktraIz] vt descomponer
en factores.
factory [fQktrI] n fbrica.
pl factories.
faculty [fQkltI] n 1 (power, ability) facul
tad f. 2 (at university) facultad f. 3 us (at
university) profesorado.
pl faculties.
fad [fQd] n 1 (fashion) moda pasajera. 2
(personal) mana.
fade [feId] vt (colour) descolorar, desco
lorir, desteir.
a to fade away vi 1 (become less intense,
strong, etc) desvanecerse, esfumarse. 2
(die) morirse.
faecal [fikl] adj fecal.
faeces [fisiz] n pl heces fpl.
fag [fQg] n 1 gb fam (cigarette) pitillo. 2 sl
(drag) lata, rollo.
Fahrenheit [fQrnhaIt] adj Fahrenheit.
fail [feIl] n educ suspenso.
P vt 1 (let down) fallar, decepcionar; (de-
sert) fallar, faltar. 2 educ suspender.
P vi 1 (neglect) dejar de. 2 (not succeed)
fracasar, no hacer algo. 3 (crops) fa
llar, echarse a perder. 4 (stop working)
fallar. 5 (light) acabarse, irse apagan
do. 6 (become weak) debilitarse, fallar.
7 comm (become bankrupt) quebrar, fra
casar.
failing [feIlIN] n (fault) defecto, fallo;
(weakness) punto dbil.
P prep a falta de.
fail-safe [feIlsaIf] adj (device, mechanism)
de seguridad; (plan) infalible.
failure [feIljr] n 1 (lack of success) fracaso.
2 comm quiebra. 3 educ suspenso. 4
(person) fracasado,a. 5 (breakdown) fallo,
avera. 6 (of crops) prdida.
 faint
faint [feInt] adj 1 (sound, voice) dbil, te
nue. 2 (colour) plido,a. 3 (slight - memo-
ry, etc) vago,a.
P n mareo.
P vi desmayarse (from, de).
fair1 [fer] adj 1 (just) justo,a; (impartial) im
parcial; (reasonable) razonable. 2 (consider-
able) considerable. 3 (idea, guess, etc) bas
tante bueno,a. 4 (weather) bueno,a. 5
(hair) rubio,a; (skin) blanco,a.
fair2 [fer] n 1 (market) mercado, feria.
2 (show) feria; (funfair) parque m de
atracciones.
fairground [fegraUnd] n (site) recinto
ferial; (show) feria; (funfair) parque m de
atracciones.
fairly [felI] adv 1 (justly) justamente. 2
(moderately) bastante. 3 (completely)
completamente.
fairway [feweI] n 1 (golf) calle f. 2 (sea)
canal m navegable.
fairy [ferI] n hada. c o m p fairy story/
tale cuento de hadas.
pl fairies.
faith [feIT] n 1 fe f. 2 (trust, confidence) con
fianza (in, en), fe f (in, en). 3 rel fe f.
faithful [feITfUl] adj 1 (loyal) fiel (to, a),
leal (to, a/con). 2 (accurate) exacto,a.
faithfully [feITfUlI] adv fielmente. l o c
yours faithfully (in letter) atentamente.
fake [feIk] n 1 falsificacin f. 2 (person)
impostor,ra, farsante mf.
P adj falso,a, falsificado,a.
P vt 1 (falsify) falsificar. 2 (pretend) fingir:
she faked illness fingi estar enferma.
falcon [flkn] n halcn m.
fall [fl] n 1 (act of falling) cada. 2 (of rock)
desprendimiento; (of snow) nevada. 3
(decrease) baja, descenso, disminucin
f. 4 (defeat) cada. 5 us (autumn) otoo.
P vi 1 (gen) caer, caerse. 2 (decrease) bajar,
descender. 3 (be defeated) caer; (be killed)
perecer. l o c to fall asleep quedarse
dormido. y to fall in love enamorarse.
P n pl falls (waterfall) cascada f sing, cata
ratas fpl.
to fall apart vi romperse, deshacer
a famine [fQmIn] n hambruna, hambre f.
se, caerse a pedazos.
a to fall back vi (retreat) retroceder, re
tirarse.
138
to fall back on vt insep
a (resort to) recu
rrir a.
a to fall behind vi (be overtaken) retra
sarse, rezagarse.
to fall down vi 1 (gen) caer, caerse. 2
a
(fail) fallar.
to fall for vt insep 1
a (be tricked) dejarse
engaar por, picar. 2 fam (fall in love)
enamorarse de.
to fall off vi 1 (decrease in quantity) ba
a
jar, disminuir; (in quality) empeorar. 2
(become detached) desprenderse, caerse.
a to fall out vi (quarrel) reir (with, con),
pelearse (with, con).
P vi (drop) caerse.
a to fall over vt insep caer, tropezar con.
pt fell [fel], pp fallen [fln].
fallen [fln] pp fall.
P adj (not virtuous) perdido,a.
Fallopian tube [flUpIntjUb] n trom
pa de Falopio.
fallout [flaUt] n lluvia radiactiva.
fallow [fQlU] adj en barbecho.
false [fls] adj 1 (untrue) falso,a. 2 (artifi-
cial) postizo,a. c o m p false alarm falsa
alarma. y false start salida nula. y
false teeth dentadura postiza.
falsify [flsIfaI] vt 1 (alter falsely) falsifi
car. 2 (misrepresent) falsear.
pt & pp falsified, ger falsifying.
falter [fltr] vi (person) vacilar, titu
bear; (voice) fallar.
fame [feIm] n fama.
familiar [fmIlIr] adj 1 (well-known) cono
cido,a (to, a). 2 (aware) familiarizado,a
(with, con). 3 (intimate) ntimo,a.
, Familiar no significa familiar (de la
familia), que se traduce por family.
familiarity [fmIlIQrItI] n familiaridad f.
familiarize [fmIlIraIz] vt (become ac-
quainted) familiarizarse (with, con).
family [fQmIlI] n familia.
pl families.
P adj familiar. comp family name ape
llido.
famous [feIms] adj famoso,a (for, por).
famously [feImslI] adv fam estupen
damente.

fan [fQn] n 1 (object) abanico. 2 elec
ventilador m. 3 (follower) aficionado,a;
(of pop star, etc) admirador,ra, fan mf. 4
(of football) hincha mf.
P vt (face) abanicar; (elec) ventilar.
pt & pp fanned, ger fanning.
fanatic [fnQtIk] n fantico,a.
P adj fantico,a (about, de).
fancier [fQnsIr] n aficionado,a.
fanciful [ f Q n s I f U l ] adj 1 (idea)
imaginario,a, fantstico,a. 2 (extrav-
agant) caprichoso,a, estrafalario,a.
fancy [fQnsI] n 1 (imagination) fantasa,
imaginacin f. 2 (whim) capricho, antojo.
pl fancies.
P adj 1 (jewels, goods, etc) de fantasa. 2
(high-class, posh) elegante, de lujo.
P vt 1 (want) apetecer, querer. 2 (find at-
tractive) encontrar atractivo,a. 3 (think)
creer, suponer.
pt & pp fancied, ger fancying.
fanfare [fQnfer] n fanfarria.
fang [fQN] n colmillo.
fantastic [fQntQstIk] adj fantstico,a.
fantasy [fQntsI] n fantasa.
pl fantasies.
FAQ [efeIkjU] n (frequently asked ques-
tions) preguntas frecuentes.
far [fAr] adj 1 (distant) lejano,a, remoto,a.
2 (more distant) opuesto,a, extremo,a.
comp farther o further, superl farthest o
furthest.
P adv 1 (a long way) lejos. 2 (a long time) lejos.
3 (much) mucho. l o c as far as hasta: as far
as I am concerned por lo que a m se refiere. y
far away lejos. y so far hasta ahora.
faraway [fArweI] adj lejano,a,
remoto,a; (look) distrado,a.
farce [fAs] n farsa.
fare [fer] n (price) tarifa, precio del bi
llete; (boat) pasaje m.
P vi(progress, get on) desenvolverse.
. Fare se refiere slo a los billetes de
transporte pblico.
farewell [fewel] interj adis!
Pn despedida.
farm [fAm] n granja.
P adj agrcola, de granja.
139 fasten
P vt 1 (use land) cultivar, labrar. 2 (breed
animals) criar.
P vi (grow crops) cultivar la tierra.
farmer [fAmr] n granjero,a, agri
cultor,ra.
farmhouse [fAmhaUs] n granja.
farming [fAmIN] n agricultura. l o c farm
ing industry industria agropecuaria.
farmland [fAmlQnd] n tierra de cultivo.
farmyard [fAmjAd] n corral m.
far-reaching [fAritSIN] adj de gran al
cance. F
farrier [fQrIr] n herrero.
far-sighted [fAsaItId] adj previsor,ra.
fart [fAt] n 1 fam pedo. 2 (fool) carcamal
m, carroza m.
P vi tirarse un pedo.
farther [fADr] adj comp far: San
tander is farther than Murcia Santander es
t ms lejos que Murcia.
farthest [fADIst] adj far: Pluto is the
farthest planet from the Sun Plutn es el
planeta ms alejado del Sol.
P adv far: who lives farthest from the
school? quin vive ms lejos de la escuela?
fascinate [fQsIneIt] vt fascinar.
fascinating [fQsIneItIN] adj fascinante.
fascination [fQsIneISn] n fascinacin f.
fascism [fQSIzm] n fascismo.
fascist [fQSIst] n fascista mf.
P adj fascista.
fashion [fQSn] n 1 (style) moda. 2 (way)
modo. l o c in fashion de moda. y out
of fashion pasado de moda.
P vt (clay) formar; (metal) labrar.
fashionable [fQSnbl] adj de moda.
fast1 [fAst] adj 1 (gen) rpido,a. 2 (tight,
secure) firme, seguro,a. 3 (clock) adelan
tado,a.
P adv 1 rpidamente, deprisa. 2 (se-
curely) firmemente; (thoroughly) profun
damente.
fast2 [fAst] n ayuno.
P vi ayunar.
fasten [fAsn] vt 1 (attach) fijar, sujetar.
2 (tie) atar. 3 (box, door, window) cerrar;
(belt, dress) abrochar.
P vi (box, door, etc) cerrarse; (dress, etc)
abrocharse.
 fastener
fastener [fAsn ] n cierre m.
r
fastidious [fQstIdIs] adj quisq ui
lloso,a, melindroso,a.
, Fastidious no significa fastidioso
(molesto), que se traduce por annoying.
fat [fQt] adj gordo,a.
comp fatter, superl fattest.
P n 1 (of meat) grasa; (of person) carnes
fpl. 2 (for cooking) manteca; (lard) lardo.
fatal [feItl] adj 1 (causing disaster) fatal,
funesto,a; (serious) grave. 2 (causing
death) mortal. 3 (fateful) fatdico,a.
, Fatal no significa fatal (muy malo),
que se traduce por awful.
fatality [ftQlItI] n vctima mortal.
pl fatalities.
fate [feIt] n 1 (destiny) destino. 2 (persons
lot) suerte f.
fated [feItId] adj predestinado,a.
fateful [feItfUl] adj fatdico,a.
father [fADr] n 1 (male parent) padre m.
2 (priest) padre m.
P vt engendrar.
father-in-law [fADrInl] n suegro. fear [fIr] n miedo, temor m.
fatherland [fADlQnd] n patria.
fatherly [fADlI] adj paternal.
fatigue [ftig] n 1 fatiga, cansancio. 2
tech fatiga.
P vt fml fatigar, cansar.
fat-soluble [fQtsljbl] adj liposoluble.
fatten [fQtn] vt 1 (animal) cebar (up, -).
2 (person) engordar (up,).
fattening [fQtnIN] adj que engorda:
biscuits are fattening las galletas engordan.
fatty [fQtI] adj (greasy) graso,a.
comp fattier, superl fattiest.
P n fam pej gordinfln,ona.
pl fatties.
faucet [fsIt] n us grifo.
fault [flt] n 1 (gen) defecto. 2 (blame)
culpa. 4 (mistake) error m, falta. 5 (in
earth) falla. 6 (in tennis, etc) falta.
P vt criticar, encontrar defectos a.
, Fault no significa falta (carencia),
que se traduce por lack.
faultless [fltls] adj perfecto,a, inta
chable, impecable.
140
faulty [fltI] adj defectuoso,a.
comp faultier, superl faultiest.
fauna [fn] n fauna.
faux pas [fUpA] n metedura de pata.
pl faux pas.
favor [feIvr] n-vt us favour.
favorite [feIvrIt] n us favorite.
favour [feIvr] n 1 (kindness) favor m. 2
(approval) aprobacin f, favor m. 3 (fa-
vouritism) parcialidad f, favoritismo.
P vt 1 (prefer) preferir, inclinarse por.
2 (benefit, aid) favorecer.
favourable [feIvrbl] adj favorable
(to/towards, a).
favourite [feIvrIt] n favorito,a.
P adj favorito,a.
favouritism [feIvrItIzm] n favoritismo.
fawn [fn] n 1 zool cervato. 2 (colour)
beige m.
P adj beige.
to fawn on vt insep adular, lisonjear.
a
fax [fQks] n fax m.
P vt enviar por fax. c o m p fax machine
fax m.
P vt temer, tener miedo a.
P vi temer, tener miedo.
a to fear for vt insep temer por: I fear for
the childrens safety temo por la seguridad
de los nios.
fearful [fIfUl] adj 1 (frightened) teme
roso,a (of, de). 2 (terrible) terrible, es
pantoso,a.
fearless [fIls] adj audaz.
fearsome [fIsm] adj temible.
feasibility [fizbIlItI] n viabilidad f.
feasible [fizbl] adj 1 (viable) factible,
viable. 2 (plausible) verosmil.
feast [fist] n 1 festn m, banquete m. 2
fam comilona. 3 rel fiesta de guardar,
da m de fiesta.
P vi banquetear, festejar.
feat [fit] n proeza, hazaa.
feather [feDr] n pluma.
feature [fitSr] n 1 (of face) rasgo, faccin
f. 2 (characteristic) rasgo, caracterstica. 3
(press) artculo especial, especial m.
c o m p feature (film) largometraje m.

P vt (have) tener; (film) tener como pro
tagonista: this car features the latest safe-
ty devices este coche incorpora los lti
mos dispositivos de seguridad.
P vi (appear) figurar (in, en): his name
featured in the police report su nombre fi
gur en el informe policial.
February [febrUrI] n febrero.
. Para ejemplo de uso, consulta May.
fecal [fikl] adj us faecal.
feces [fisiz] n us faeces.
fed [fed] pt & pp feed. l o c to be fed up
with fam estar harto,a de.
federal [fedrl] adj federal.
federation [fedreISn] n federacin f.
fee [fi] n 1 (doctors, etc) honorarios mpl;
(for tuition) derechos mpl (de matrcula).
2 (membership) cuota, cuota de socio.
c o m p registration fee matrcula.
feeble [fibl] adj 1 (person) dbil. 2 (light,
sound) tenue, dbil. 3 (argument, excuse)
de poco peso.
feed [fid] n 1 comida. 2 fam comilo
na. 3 (for cattle) pienso. 4 tech alimen
tacin f.
P vt 1 alimentar: could you feed our cat while
were away? podras dar de comer a nuestro
gato mientras estamos fuera? 2 (breastfeed)
dar de mamar a; (bottle-feed) dar el bibe
rn a. 3 tech alimentar, suministrar. 4
(insert) introducir; (coins) meter.
P vi (people) comer, alimentarse (on,
de); (animals) pacer.
a to feed up vt sep (animal) cebar; (per-
son) engordar.
pt & pp fed [fed].
feedback [fidbQk] n 1 tech retroali
mentacin f, retroaccin f. 2 fig reac
cin f, respuesta.
feeder [fidr] n 1 tech alimentador m.
2 (road) ramal m, carretera.
feel [fil] n 1 (sense, texture) tacto. 2 (at-
mosphere) aire m, ambiente m.
P vt 1 (touch) tocar, palpar. 2 (search with
fingers) buscar. 3 (sense, experience) sentir,
experimentar. 4 (believe) creer.
P vi 1 (be) sentir(se), encontrarse. 2
(seem) parecer: it feels like leather parece
piel. 3 (perceive, sense) sentir: she could feel
141 femoral
all eyes upon her senta que todos la mira
ban. 4 (opinion) opinar, pensar: how do
you feel about exams? qu opinas de los
exmenes?
a to feel for vt insep (have sympathy for)
compadecer a, compadecerse de.
pt & pp felt [felt].
feeler [filr] n antena.
feeling [filIN] n 1 (emotion) sentimien
to, emocin f. 2 (sensation) sensacin f.
3 (sense) sensibilidad. 4 (impression) im
presin f: I have the feeling that tengo la
impresin de que F
P adj sensible, compasivo,a.
P n pl feelings sentimientos mpl.
feet [fit] n pl foot.
feign [feIn] vt fingir, aparentar: she
feigned illness to get off school fingi estar
enferma para no ir a la escuela.
feint [feInt] n fml (fencing) finta; (boxing)
treta, estratagema.
P adj (paper) rayado,a.
feldspar [feldspAr] n feldespato.
feline [filaIn] adj felino,a.
P n felino,a.
fell1 [fel] vt 1 (tree) talar. 2 (enemy) derribar.
fell2 [fel] pt fall.
fellow [felU] n 1 fam (chap) tipo, to: old
fellow viejo amigo; poor fellow! pobrecito!
2 (companion, comrade) compaero,a,
camarada mf. 3 (member) socio,a.
fellowship [felUSIp] n 1 (group) asocia
cin f, sociedad f. 2 (companionship)
compaerismo, camaradera. 3 educ
(scholarship) beca.
felspar [felspAr] n feldespato.
felt1 [felt] pt & pp feel.
felt2 [felt] n fieltro.
P adj de fieltro.
felt-tip [felttIp] [also felt-tip pen] n ro
tulador m.
female [fimeIl] n 1 hembra. 2 (woman)
mujer f; (girl) chica.
P adj 1 femenino,a. 2 zool hembra.
feminine [femInIn] adj femenino,a.
P n femenino,a.
feminism [femInIzm] n feminismo.
feminist [femInIst] n feminista mf.
femoral [fimrl] adj femoral.
 femur
femur [fim ] n fmur m.
r
fence [fens] n valla, cerca. loc to sit on
the fence ver los toros desde la barrera.
P vi 1 sp practicar la esgrima. 2 (land)
cercar.
fencing [fensIN] n 1 sp esgrima. 2 (struc-
ture) cercado.
fend [fend] vi to fend for os valerse por
uno mismo,a.
a to fend off vt sep (blow) parar, des
viar; (question) esquivar; (attack) recha
zar, defenderse de.
fender [fendr] n 1 (for fire) pantalla. 2
us (on automobile) parachoques m.
fennel [fenl] n hinojo.
ferment [(n) fmnt; (vb) fment] n 1 (sub-
stance) fermento. 2 (unrest) agitacin f.
P vt & vi fermentar.
fermentation [fmenteISn] n fer
mentacin f.
fern [fn] n helecho.
ferocious [frUSs] adj feroz.
ferocity [frsItI] n ferocidad f.
ferret [ferIt] n hurn m.
to ferret out vt sep descubrir.
a
ferrous [fers] adj ferroso,a.
ferry [ferI] n (small) barca de pasaje;
(large) transbordador m, ferry m.
pl ferries.
P vt transportar.
pt & pp ferried, ger ferrying.
ferryboat [ferIbUt] n ferry.
fertile [ftaIl] adj frtil.
fertility [ftIlItI] n fertilidad f.
fertilization [ftlaIzeISn] n 1 (soil)
fertilizacin f. 2 (egg) fecundacin f.
fertilize [ftIlaIz] vt 1 (soil) fertilizar,
abonar. 2 (egg) fecundar.
fertilizer [ftIlaIzr] n fertilizante m,
abono.
ferule1 [ferUl] n frula.
fervent [fvnt] adj fervoroso,a.
fervor [fvr] n us fervour.
fervour [fvr] n fervor m.
fester [festr] vi 1 med supurar, enco
narse. 2 fig amargarse.
festival [festIvl] n 1 (event) festival m.
2 (celebration) fiesta.
142
fetal [fits] n us foetal.
fetch [fetS] vt 1 (go and get) ir por, ir a
buscar, buscar; (bring) traer. 2 fam (sell
for) venderse por, alcanzar.
to fetch up vi ir a parar.
a
fte [feIt] n (party) fiesta; (fair) feria.
P vt festejar.
fetid [fetId] adj ftido,a.
fetish [fetIS] n fetiche m.
fetter [fetr] vt 1 encadenar. 2 fig es
torbar, poner trabas a.
P n pl fetters grilletes mpl, cadenas fpl.
fetus [fits] n us foetus.
feud [fjUd] n enemistad f (duradera):
theres been a feud between the two families
for years hace aos que existe una ene
mistad entre ambas familias.
P vi disentir, reir, pelear.
, Feud no significa feudo (dominio),
que se traduce por fief.
feudal [fjUdl] adj feudal.
feudalism [fjUdlIzm] n feudalismo.
fever [fivr] n fiebre f.
feverish [fivrIS] adj febril.
few [fjU] adj 1 (not many) poco,a,
pocos,as: very few cars muy pocos coches.
2 (some) uno,as cuantos,as, algunos,as:
in the next few days en los prximos das.
P pron 1 (not many) pocos,as: many try
but few succeed muchos lo intentan pero
pocos lo consiguen. 2 (some) unos,as
cuantos,as, algunos,as: there are a
few left quedan unos cuantos.
fianc [fIQnseI] n prometido, novio.
fiance [fIQnseI] n prometida, novia.
fiasco [fIQskU] n fiasco, fracaso.
pl fiascos.
fib [fIb] n fam bola, trola.
P vi fam contar bolas, contar trolas.
pt & pp fibbed, ger fibbing.
fibre [faIbr] n fibra. c o m p fibre optics fi
bra ptica. y man-made fibre fibra arti
ficial.
fibreglass [faIbglAs] n fibra de vidrio.
fibrosis [faIbrUsIs] n fibrosis f.
fibrous [faIbrs] adj fibroso,a.
fibula [fIbjl] n peron m.
fickle [fIkl] adj inconstante, voluble.

fiction [fIkSn] n 1 (novels) novela, na
rrativa. 2 (invention) ficcin f.
fictitious [fIktISs] adj ficticio,a.
fiddle [fIdl] n 1 fam violn m. 2 fam
(fraud) estafa, trampa.
P vi 1 tocar el violn. 2 fam (play) ju
guetear (with, con).
P vt fam (cheat) amaar, falsificar.
a to fiddle about / fiddle around vi
fam perder el tiempo.
fiddler [fIdlr] n 1 fam (violinist) violinis
ta mf. 2 fam (cheat) tramposo,a.
fidelity [fIdelItI] n fidelidad f.
fidget [fIdZIt] n persona inquieta.
P vi (move about) moverse, no poder
estar(se) quieto,a; (play about) jugar
(with, con).
fief [fif] n feudo.
field [fild] n 1 (gen) campo. 2 (for mining)
yacimiento. 3 (subject, area) campo, te
rreno. 4 sp (competitors) competidores
mpl; (horses) participantes mpl.
fierce [fIs] adj 1 (gen) feroz. 2 fig (heat,
competition, etc) fuerte, intenso,a; (argu-
ment) acalorado,a.
fiery [faIrI] adj 1 (colour) encendido,a,
rojo,a. 2 (burning) ardiente. 3 (food)
muy picante; (drink) muy fuerte.
comp fierier, superl fieriest.
fifteen [fIftin] adj quince.
P n quince m.
. Consulta tambin six.
fifteenth [fIftinT] adj decimoquinto,a.
P adv en decimoquinto lugar.
Pn 1 (in series) decimoquinto,a. 2 (frac-
tion) decimoquinto; (one part) decimo
quinta parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
fifth [fIfT] adj quinto,a.
P adv quinto, en quinto lugar.
P n 1 (in series) quinto,a. 2 (fraction)
quinto; (one part) quinta parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
fiftieth [fIftIT] adj quincuagsimo,a.
P adv en quincuagsimo lugar.
143 filigree
P n 1 (in series) quincuagsimo,a. 2
(fraction) quincuagsimo; (one part)
quincuagsima parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixtieth.
fifty [fIftI] adj cincuenta.
Pn cincuenta m.
. Consulta tambin sixty.
fifty-fifty [fIftIfIftI] adv fam mitad y
mitad, a medias.
fig [fIg] n higo. c o m p fig tree higuera.
fight [faIt] n 1 (struggle) lucha. 2 (physical F
violence) pelea; (quarrel) ria; (argument)
disputa. 3 (boxing) combate m.
P vi 1 (quarrel) pelear(se) (about/over,
por), discutir (about/over, por). 2 (in
boxing) pelear (against, contra). 3 (with
physical violence) pelearse (with, con)
(against, contra), luchar (with, con)
(against, contra).
P vt 1 (bull) lidiar. 2 (engage in - battle) librar;
(- war) hacer; (- election) presentarse a. 3
(with physical violence) pelearse, luchar.
to fight back vi defenderse, resistir.
a
P vt sep (tears) contener.
a to fight off vt sep vencer, rechazar.
pt & pp fought [ft].
fighter [faItr] n 1 (war) combatiente mf.
2 (boxing) boxeador,ra. 3 fig lucha
dor,ra.
fig-leaf [fIglif] n hoja de parra.
figurative [fIgrtIv] adj figurado,a.
figure [fIgr] n 1 (number, sign) cifra, n
mero. 2 (money, price) cantidad f, pre
cio. 3 (in art, shape, human form) figura. 4
(personality) figura, personaje m.
P vi (appear) figurar, constar.
P vt us (think) suponer, imaginarse.
a to figure out vt sep fam (gen) com
prender, enterarse; (problem) resolver,
calcular.
filament [fIlmnt] n filamento.
file [faIl] n 1 (tool) lima. 2 (folder) carpeta.
3 (archive) archivo, expediente m. 4
comput archivo. 5 (line) fila.
P vt 1 (smooth) limar. 2 (put away) archi
var; (in card index) fichar. 3 jur presentar.
P vi (walk in line) desfilar.
filigree [fIlIgri] n filigrana.
 fill
fill [fIl] vt 1 (make full) llenar (with, de). 2
(time) ocupar. 3 (cover) cubrir. 4 culin
rellenar. 5 (tooth) empastar. 6 (hold a po-
sition) ocupar; (appoint) cubrir. 7 (fulfil)
satisfacer.
P vi llenarse (with, de).
to fill in vt sep 1 (space, form) rellenar. 2
a a to find out vt sep 1 (enquire) pregun
(inform) poner al corriente (on, de).
a to fill in for vt insep sustituir a.
a to fill up vt sep llenar.
P vi llenarse.
fillet [fIlIt] n filete m.
filling [fIlIN] n 1 (in tooth) empaste m. 2
culin relleno. c o m p filling station gaso
linera.
film [fIlm] n 1 cinem pelcula, filme m,
film m. 2 (coating of dust, etc) capa, pel
cula. 3 (of photos) carrete m, rollo.
P vt 1 cinem rodar, filmar; (tv programme)
grabar. 2 (event) filmar.
P vi cinem rodar.
filter [fIltr] n filtro.
P vt filtrar.
filth [fIlT] n 1 (dirt) suciedad f, porque
ra. 2 fig (obscenity) obscenidades fpl,
porqueras fpl.
filthy [fIlTI] adj 1 (dirty) sucio,a, asque
roso,a. 2 (obscene) obsceno,a, gro fingerprint [fINgprInt] n huella digi
sero,a, asqueroso,a.
comp filthier, superl filthiest.
fin [fIn] n aleta.
final [faInl] adj final: final call ltimo
aviso.
P n sp final f: the final will be held in Lon-
don la final se celebrar en Londres.
P n pl finals (at university) exmenes mpl
finales.
finale [fInAlI] n final m.
finalist [faInlIst] n finalista mf.
finality [faInQltI] n carcter m defini
tivo.
, Finality no significa finalidad (obje
tivo), que se traduce por purpose, aim.
finalize [faInlaIz] vt (plans, arrangements)
ultimar; (date) fijar.
finally [faInlI] adv 1 (at last) por fin, al
final. 2 (lastly) por ltimo, finalmente.
finance [faInQns] n (management of mon-
ey) finanzas fpl.
144
P vt financiar.
P n pl finances(money available) fondos mpl.
financial [faInQnsIl] n financiero,a,
econmico,-a.
find [faInd] n (act, thing found) hallazgo.
P vt 1 (gen) encontrar. 2 jur declarar.
tar, averiguar; (discover) descubrir, en
terarse de.
P vi 1 (enquire) informarse (about, so
bre), averiguar. 2 (discover) enterarse
(about, de), (llegar a) saber.
pt & pp found [faUnd].
finding [faIndIN] n 1 (of inquiry) conclu
sin f, resultado. 2 jur fallo, veredicto.
. Se usa en plural con el mismo significado.
fine1 [faIn] adj 1 (gen) fino,a. 2 (high-
quality) excelente. 3 (weather) bueno,a.
4 (healthy) bien. 5 fam (all right) bien.
P adv 1 (in small bits) fino, finamente. 2
fam (very well) muy bien.
fine2 [faIn] n (punishment) multa.
P vt multar.
finger [fINgr] n dedo.
P vt tocar.
fingernail [fINgneIl] n ua.
tal, huella dactilar.
fingertip [fINgtIp] n punta del dedo,
yema del dedo.
finish [fInIS] n 1 fin m, final m. 2 sp lle
gada, meta. 3 (for surface) acabado.
P vt acabar, terminar.
to finish up vi (end up) ir a parar a/en.
a
finite [faInaIt] adj finito,a.
Finland [fInlnd] n Finlandia.
Finn [fIn] n (person) finlands,esa.
Finnish [fInIS] adj finlands,esa.
P n (language) finlands m.
fiord [fId] n fiordo.
fir [fr] n abeto.
fire [faIr] n 1 (gen) fuego. 2 (blaze) incen
dio, fuego. 3 (heater) estufa. 4 mil fuego.
l o c to be on fire estar ardiendo. y to
catch fire prenderse. c o m p fire brigade
los bomberos. y fire engine coche de
bomberos. y fire escape escalera de in
cendios. y fire extinguisher extintor m.

y fire hydrant boca de incendios. y fire
station estacin f de bomberos.
P vt (weapon) disparar; (rocket) lanzar. 2
fam (dismiss) despedir.
P vi 1 (shoot) disparar (at, sobre), hacer
fuego. 2 auto encenderse.
P interj fuego!
firearm [faIrAm] n arma de fuego.
firebreak [faIbreIk] n cortafuego.
firecracker [faIkrQkr] n petardo.
firefighter [faIfaItr] n bombero mf.
firefly [faIflaI] n lucirnaga.
pl fireflies.
fireman [faImn] n bombero.
pl firemen [faImn].
fireplace [faIpleIs] n 1 (structure) chi
menea. 2 (hearth) hogar m.
fireproof [faIprUf] adj a prueba de
fuego.
firewall [faIwl] n cortafuego.
firewood [faIwUd] n lea.
fireworks [faIwks] n pl fuegos mpl
artificiales, fuegos mpl de artificio.
firing [faIrIN] n tiroteo.
firm1 [fm] n (business) empresa.
, Firm no significa firma (escrita), que
se traduce por signature.
firm2 [fm] adj 1 (strong, solid, steady) fir
me, slido,a. 2 (strict, strong) duro,a. 3
fin (steady) firme, estable.
first [fst] adj primero,a.
P adv 1 (before anything else) primero. 2
(for the first time) por primera vez. 3 (in
preference to) antes. l o c at first al prin
cipio. y first of all primero.
P n 1 la primera vez. 2 (gear) primera: I
cant put it into first no puedo meter primera.
first-aid [fsteId] adj de primeros au
xilios. c o m p first-aid kit botiqun m.
first-born [fstbn] adj primo
gnito,a.
P n primognito,a.
first-class [fstklAs] adj 1 de primera
clase. 2 fig de primera, excelente.
P adv en primera.
first-hand [fsthQnd] adj de primera
mano.
firstly [fstlI] adv en primer lugar.
145 fit
first-rate [fstreIt] adj de primera.
P adv de primera.
fiscal [fIskl] adj fiscal.
fish [fIS] n 1 pez m. 2 culin pescado.
comp fish farm piscifactora. y fish finger
palito de pescado rebozado. y fish
shop pescadera.
pl fish o fishes.
P vi pescar (for, -).
. Cuando significa pez, fish es un nom
bre contable y su plural es fish, aunque
tambin se puede emplear la forma me F
nos frecuente fishes. Cuando significa
pescado, es incontable y, por lo tanto, no
tiene plural.
fishbowl [fISbUl] n pecera.
fisherman [fISmn] n pescador m.
pl fishermen [fISmn].
fish-hook [fIShUk] n anzuelo.
fishing [fISIN] n pesca. l o c to go fishing
ir de pesca. c o m p fishing line sedal m. y
fishing net red f de pesca. y fishing rod
caa de pescar.
fishmonger [fISmNgr] n gb pesca
dero,a. c o m p fishmongers pescade
ra.
fission [fISn] n fisin f.
fissure [fISr] n fisura, grieta.
fist [fIst] n puo.
fistful [fIstfUl] n puado.
fit1 [fIt] n 1 med ataque m, acceso. 2 (of
laughter, rage) ataque m.
fit 2 [fIt] adj 1 (suitable, appropriate)
adecuado,a, apropiado,a; (qualified
for) capacitado,a, capaz. 2 (in good
health) sano,a, bien de salud; (physical-
ly) en forma. 3 fam (ready) a punto de.
comp fitter, superl fittest.
P n 1 (of clothes) : its a perfect fit me va per
fectamente. 2 (in space): itll be a tight fit
vamos a estar muy apretados.
P vt 1 (be right size for) sentar bien, que
dar bien. 2 (try (clothing) on sb) probar. 3
(key) abrir. 4 (install) instalar, poner. 5
(adapt) ajustar, adaptar, adecuar.
to fit in vi 1 (get on) llevarse bien, in
a
tegrarse. 2 (suit) encajar; (harmonize)
pegar, quedar bien; (tally) cuadrar.
 fitness
P vt sep 1 (physically) hacer sitio para.
2 (in timetable) hacer un hueco para. 3
(harmonize) encajar, cuadrar.
pt & pp fitted, ger fitting.
fitness [fItns] n 1 (health) buena forma
fsica, buen estado fsico. 2 (suitability)
capacidad f (for, para).
fitted [fItId] adj (cupboard)
empotrado,a; (room) amueblado,a.
c o m p fitted carpet moqueta.
fitting [fItIN] adj (appropriate, proper)
apropiado,a, adecuado,a.
P n sew prueba.
P n pl fittings 1 (accessories) accesorios mpl.
2 (furnishings) muebles, cortinas y alfombras.
five [faIv] n cinco.
P adj cinco.
. Consulta tambin six.
fix [fIks] n 1 fam (difficult situation) apuro,
aprieto. 2 (position of ship, aircraft) posi
cin f. 3 (dishonest arrangement) tongo.
P vt 1 (gen) fijar. 2 (decide) decidir; (date,
meeting, etc) fijar. 3 (organize) arreglar, or
ganizar. 4 (dishonestly) amaar. 5 (repair)
arreglar.
to fix on vt insep (decide, select - person) de
a pl flamingos o flamingoes.
cidir, optar por, escoger; (- date) fijar.
a to fix up vt sep 1 (accommodate, provide
with) proveer (with, de), conseguir. 2
(organize) arreglar, organizar. 3 (repair,
redecorate) arreglar; (install) poner.
fixation [fIkseISn] n obsesin f.
fixture [fIkstSr] n sp encuentro.
P n pl fixtures (furniture) muebles mpl
empotrados.
fizz [fIz] n burbujeo, efervesencia.
P vi burbujear.
fizzle [fIzl] vi burbujear.
a to fizzle out vi esfumarse, perder
fuerza, quedar en nada.
fizzy [fIzI] adj (gen) gaseoso,a, con gas;
(wine) espumoso,a.
comp fizzier, superl fizziest.
fjord [fId] n fiordo.
flabbergasted [flQbgAstId] adj pas
mado,a, atnito,a.
flabby [flQbI] adj (part of body) fofo,a.
comp flabbier, superl flabbiest.
flaccid [flQksId] adj flccido,a.
146
flag1 [flQg] n (paving slab) flagstone.
flag2 [flQg] n 1 (gen) bandera. 2 mar pa
belln m. 3 (for charity) banderita.
to flag down vt sep hacer seales pa
a
ra que un coche se detenga.
flagellum [fldZlm] n flagelo.
pl flagellums o flagella [fldZl].
flagpole [flQgpUl] n asta de bandera.
flagship [flQgSIp] n buque m insignia.
flagstone [flQgstUn] n (large) losa;
(small) loseta.
flair [fler] n talento, don m, facilidad f.
flake [fleIk] n 1 (of snow, oats) copo. 2 (of
skin, soap) escama. 3 (of paint) descon
chn m, trozo desprendido.
P vi to flake away/off (gen) descamarse;
(paint) desconcharse.
flamboyant [flQmbInt] adj llama
tivo,a, extravagante.
flame [fleIm] n llama.
P vi 1 (burn) arder. 2 (glow, shine) brillar.
3 (become angry) montar en clera.
flame-thrower [fleImTrUr] n lanza
llamas m.
flamingo [flmINgU] n flamenco.
flammable [flQmbl] adj inflamable.
flan [flQn] n culin tarta rellena.
, Flan no significa flan, que se traduce
por crme caramel.
flange [flQndZ] n (on wheel) pestaa; (on
pipe) reborde m.
flank [flQNk] n 1 (of animal) ijada, ijar m.
2 mil flanco. 3 (of building, mountain, etc)
lado, falda.
flannel [flQnl] n (material) franela.
flap [flQp] n 1 (of envelope, pocket) solapa.
2 (of tent) faldn m. 3 (of plane) alern m.
P vt (wings) batir; (arms) agitar.
P vi 1 (wings) aletear. 2 (flag, sails) on
dear. 3 fam inquietarse.
pt & pp flapped, ger flapping.
flare [fler] n 1 (flame) llamarada. 2 (sig-
nal) bengala.
P vi 1 llamear. 2 fig estallar, encenderse.
to flare up vi (blow up, erupt) estallar,
a
encenderse; (get angry) enfadarse,
montar en clera.

flared [fled] adj acampanado,a.
flash [flQS] n 1 (of light) destello, cente
lleo; (of lightning) relmpago. 2 (from fire-
arm) fogonazo. 3 fig destello, rayo. 4
(photography) flash m.
P vi brillar, destellar.
P vt (shine - light) dirigir, lanzar; (- torch)
encender, dirigir.
flashback [flQSbQk] n flashback m.
flashlight [flQSlaIt] n 1 (torch) linterna.
2 (photo) flash m.
flashy [flQSI] adj llamativo,a.
comp flashier, superl flashiest.
flask [flQsk] n 1 frasco. 2 chem matraz m.
flat1 [flQt] n (apartment) departamento.
flat2 [flQt] adj 1 (level, even) llano,a,
plano,a; (smooth) liso,a. 2 (shoes) sin
tacn. 3 (tyre, ball, etc) desinflado,a. 4
(battery) descargado,a. 5 (drink) sin
gas. 6 mus (key) bemol; (voice, instrument)
desafinado,a.
comp flatter, superl flattest.
P n 1 (plain) llano, llanura. 2 (of hand) pal
ma. 3 mus bemol m. 4 us (tyre) pinchazo.
flatly [flQtlI] adv 1 (categorically) categ
ricamente, rotundamente. 2 (voice)
con voz montona.
flatten [flQtn] vt 1 (make flat) allanar,
aplanar (out, -); (smooth) alisar. 2 (crush)
aplastar; (knock down) derribar, tum
bar; (knock over) atropellar.
flatter [flQtr] vt 1 (praise) halagar, adu
lar. 2 (suit) favorecer.
flattering [flQtrIN] adj 1 (words)
lisonjero,a, halageo,a. 2 (clothes,
etc) favorecedor,ra.
flattery [flQtrI] n adulacin f, hala
gos mpl.
flaunt [flnt] vt hacer alarde de, hacer
ostentacin de.
flautist [fltIst] n flautista mf.
flavor [fleIvr] n us flavour.
flavour [fleIvr] n sabor m, gusto.
P vt sazonar, condimentar (with, con).
flavouring [fleIvrIN] n condimento.
flaw [fl] n 1 (fault - in material, product, etc)
defecto, tara. 2 (failing - in character) de
fecto; (- in argument) error m.
147 flinch
flawless [flls] adj sin defecto, impe
cable, perfecto,a.
flax [flQks] n lino.
fleck [flek] n mota, punto.
fled [fled] pt flee.
flee [fli] vt (run away) huir de.
P vi 1 (run away, escape) huir. 2 (vanish)
desaparecer.
pt & pp fled [fled].
fleece [flis] n 1 (sheeps coat, fabric) lana.
2 (sheared) velln m.
fleet [flit] n 1 (of ships) flota. 2 (of vehicles) F
flota, parque m mvil.
fleeting [flitIN] adj fugaz, efmero,a.
flesh [fleS] n 1 (of animals, humans) carne f.
2 (of fruit) carne f, pulpa.
flew [flU] pt fly1.
flex [fleks] n gb cable m.
P vt (body, joints) doblar; (muscles) flexionar.
flexibility [fleksIbIlItI] n flexibilidad f.
flexible [fleksbl] adj flexible.
flexor [fleksr] n flexor.
flexitime [fleksItaIm] n horario flexible.
flick [flIk] n 1 (jerk) movimiento rpido,
movimiento brusco. 2 (of fingers) capi
rotazo; (of whip) latigazo, chasquido;
(of tail) coletazo. 3 (of pages) hojeada.
to flick away vt sep quitar, sacudirse.
a
a to flick through vt insep hojear.
flicker [flIkr] n 1 (of flame, eyelids) parpa
deo; (of light) titileo, parpadeo. 2 fig
(slight sign) seal f, muestra; (faint emo-
tion) chispa, pizca.
P vi 1 (gen) parpadear; (shadow) bailar. 2
(eyelids) parpadear. 3 (smile) esbozarse.
flies [flais] pt fly3.
flight [flaIt] n 1 (journey by air) vuelo: our
flight has been delayed nuestro vuelo se ha
retrasado. 2 (path) trayectoria. 3 (flock of
birds) bandada. 4 (of stairs) tramo. 5 (es-
cape) huida, fuga. c o m p flight atten
dant auxiliar mf de vuelo.
flimsy [flImzI] adj 1 (thin) fino,a,
ligero,a. 2 (structure) poco slido,a. 3
fig (unconvincing) flojo,a, pobre, poco
convincente.
comp flimsier, superl flimsiest.
flinch [flIntS] vi 1 (wince) estremecerse.
2 (shun) retroceder (from, ante).
 fling
fling [flIN] n 1 (throw) lanzamiento.
2 (wild time) juerga. 3 (affair) aventura
(amorosa), romance m.
P vt 1 (throw) arrojar, tirar, lanzar. 2
(move) echar, lanzar. 3 (say) lanzar.
pt & pp flung [flN].
flint [flInt] n 1 (stone) slex m; (piece) pe
dernal m. 2 (of lighter) piedra.
flip [flIp] n 1 (light blow) golpecito. 2
(somersault) voltereta (en el aire).
P interj fam ostras!
P vt 1 (toss - gen) echar, tirar al aire; (-
coin) echar a cara o cruz. 2 (turn over)
dar la vuelta a.
P vi fam (get angry) perder los estribos;
(go mad) volverse loco,a.
pt & pp flipped, ger flipping.
flip-flop [flIpflp] n chancla.
flipper [flIpr] n aleta.
flirt [flt] n coqueto,a, lign,ona.
P vi (coquette) flirtear (with, con), co
quetear (with, con).
float [flUt] n 1 (for fishing) boya, flota
dor m. 2 (for swimming) flotador m. 3 (ve-
hicle - in procession) carroza; (- for delivery)
furgoneta.
P vi (gen) flotar.
flock [flk] n 1 (of sheep, goats) rebao; (of
birds) bandada. 2 fam (crowd) multitud f,
tropel m.
flood [fld] n 1 (overflow of water) inunda
cin f. 2 (of river) riada.
P vt 1 (gen) inundar, anegar; (engine)
ahogar. 2 fig (with calls, applications, etc)
llover, inundar (with, de).
P vi 1 (river) desbordarse. 2 fig (cover, fill)
invadir, inundar.
floodgate [fldgaIt] n compuerta.
flooding [fldIN] n inundacin f.
floodlight [fldlaIt] n foco.
floor [flr] n 1 (surface) suelo. 2 geog fon
do. 3 (storey) piso, planta. 4 (dance) pista.
, Floor no significa flor, que se tradu
ce por flower.
flop [flp] n fam fracaso.
P vi 1 (fall clumsily) abalanzarse, arrojar
se (into, en); (sit or lie clumsily) tumbarse,
dejarse caer. 2 fam (fail) fracasar.
pt & pp flopped, ger flopping.
148
floppy [flpI] adj blando,a, flexible.
comp floppy disk comput disco flexible,
disquete m.
comp floppier, superl floppiest.
flora [flr] n flora.
florist [flrIst] n florista mf. c o m p flo
rists (shop) floristera.
flounce [flaUns] n sew volante m.
flounder [flaUndr] n (fish) platija.
P vi 1 (struggle, move with difficulty) force
jear. 2 fig (hesitate, dither) vacilar.
flour [flaUr] n harina.
P vt enharinar.
flourish [flrIS] n 1 (gesture) ademn m,
gesto exagerado. 2 (signature) rbrica.
P vt (wave about) agitar, blandir.
P vi 1 (be successful) florecer, prosperar.
2 (plant) crecer bien.
flow [flU] n 1 (gen) flujo. 2 (of river) co
rriente f. 3 (of traffic) circulacin f.
P vi 1 (gen) fluir. 2 (pour out - blood) ma
nar; (- tears) correr. 3 (tide) subir. 4 (traf-
fic) circular.
to flow into vi (river) desembocar en:
a
the Ebro flows into the sea at Amposta el
Ebro desemboca en el mar en Amposta.
flower [flaUr] n flor f.
P vi florecer.
flowerbed [flaUbed] n parterre m,
macizo.
flowerpot [flaUpt] n maceta, tiesto.
flown [flUn] pp fly.
flu [flU] n gripe f: hes got (the) flu tiene la
gripe.
fluctuate [flktjUeIt] vi fluctuar.
fluency [flUnsI] n 1 fluidez f. 2 (of lan-
guage) dominio (in, de).
fluent [flUnt] adj 1 (gen) fluido,a. 2
(language) fluido,a: he speaks fluent Eng-
lish habla ingls con soltura.
fluff [flf] n 1 (down, material) pelusa, la
nilla. 2 fam (mistake, blunder) pifia, fallo.
P vt fam (do badly, fail) hacer mal.
fluffy [flfI] adj 1 (feathery) mullido,a. 2
(toys) de peluche.
comp fluffier, superl fluffiest.
fluid [flUId] adj 1 (not solid) fluido,a,
lquido,a. 2 (smooth, graceful) natural,
con soltura. 3 (not fixed) flexible.
P n fluido, lquido.

fluke [flUk] n fam chiripa.
flung [flN] pt & pp fling.
fluorescent [flUresnt] adj fluores
cente. c o m p fluorescent light/lamp
fluorescente m.
flurry [flrI] n 1 (of wind) rfaga; (of snow)
nevisca. 2 fig (burst) nerviosismo.
pl flurries.
flush1 [flS] n (in cards) color m.
flush2 [flS] n 1 (blush) rubor m. 2 (of emotion)
acceso, arrebato. 3 (of toilet) cisterna.
P vt 1 (cause to blush) ruborizar, sonro
jar. 2 (clean) limpiar con agua. 3 (toilet)
tirar (de) la cadena.
P vi 1 (blush) ruborizarse. 2 (toilet) fun
cionar.
fluster [flstr] vt poner nervioso,a.
P n confusin f, agitacin f.
flute [flUt] n flauta.
flutter [fltr] n 1 (excitement) agitacin f,
emocin f. 2 (of wings) aleteo. 3 (of eye-
lashes) pestaeo. 4 fam (bet) apuesta.
P vt 1 (eyelashes) parpadear. 2 (wings)
aletear.
P vi 1 (flag) ondear. 2 (wings) aletear.
3 (flit) revolotear. 4 (heart) palpitar.
fluvial [flUvIl] adj fluvial.
fly1 [flaI] vi 1 volar. 2 (go by plane) ir en
avin. 3 (flag, hair) ondear. 4 fam (flee)
largarse.
P vt 1 (plane) pilotar. 2 (send by plane) trans
portar. 3 (kite) hacer volar. 4 (flag) enar
bolar.
pt flew [flU], pp flown [flUn], ger flying.
P n pl flies (on trousers) bragueta f sing.
to fly away / off vi irse volando.
a folding [fUldIN] adj plegable.
fly2 [flaI] adj gb fam (smart) astuto,a.
comp flier, superl fliest.
fly3 [flaI] n mosca.
pl flies.
flying [flaIIN] n 1 av aviacin f. 2 (action)
vuelo.
P adj 1 (soaring) volante; (animal, machine)
volador,ra, que vuela. 2 (quick) rpi
do,a.
flyover [flaIUvr] n gb paso elevado.
foal [fUl] n potro,a.
P vi parir.
foam [fUm] n espuma.
149 follow
foamy [fUmI] adj espumoso,a.
comp foamier, superl foamiest.
fob [fb] vt engaar, engatusar.
pt & pp fobbed, ger fobbing.
focal [fUkl] adj focal.
focus [fUks] n 1 foco. 2 (centre) centro.
pl focuses o foci [fUsaI].
P vt 1 (camera, etc) enfocar (on, -). 2 fig
(concentrate) fijar (on, en), centrar (on, en).
pt & pp focused o focussed, ger focus-
ing o focussing.
fodder [fdr] n pienso, forraje m. F
foetal [fitl] adj fetal.
foetus [fits] n feto.
fog [fg] n niebla.
P vt 1 (mirror, etc) empaar. 2 (photo) ve
lar. 3 fig complicar.
P vi empaarse (up/over, -).
pt & pp fogged, ger fogging.
foggy [fgI] adj 1 de niebla: its foggy
hay niebla. 2 (confused) confuso,a.
comp foggier, superl foggiest.
foglamp [fglQmp] n faro antiniebla.
foil1 [fIl] vt (prevent, frustrate) frustrar.
foil2 [fIl] n 1 (metal paper) papel m de
plata. 2 (contrast) contraste m.
fold1 [fUld] n (for sheep) redil m, aprisco.
fold2 [fUld] n 1 (crease) pliegue m, do
blez m. 2 geog pliegue m.
P vt 1 doblar, plegar (up, -). 2 (wrap)
envolver.
P vi 1 doblarse, plegarse. 2 (go bank-
rupt) quebrar.
folder [fUldr] n carpeta.
folk [fUk] n pl gente f sing.
P adj popular.
P n pl folks fam (family) familia f sing;
(friends) amigos mpl.
folklore [fUklr] n folklor(e) m.
follicle [flIkl] n folculo.
follow [flU] vt 1 (gen) seguir. 2 (pursue)
perseguir. 3 (take interest in) seguir, es
tar al corriente de.
P vi 1 (gen) seguir. 2 (understand) enten
der. 3 (be logical) resultar, derivarse.
to follow up vt sep 1 (develop) profun
a
dizar en. 2 (investigate) investigar.
 following
following [flUIN] adj siguiente
P prep despus de.
P n (supporters) seguidores mpl.
folly [flI] n fml locura, desatino.
pl follies.
fond [fnd] adj 1 (loving) carioso,a. 2
(indulgent) indulgente. 3 (hope, belief)
vano,a.
fondle [fndl] vt acariciar.
fondness [fndns] n 1 cario (for, a).
2 (liking) aficin f (for, a/por).
font [fnt] n pila (bautismal).
food [fUd] n comida, alimento.
foodstuffs [fUdstfs] n pl alimentos
mpl, productos mpl alimenticios.
fool [fUl] n 1 tonto,a, loco,-a. 2 (jester)
bufn,ona. l o c to make a fool of po
ner en ridculo a. y to play the fool ha
cer el tonto.
P vt engaar.
P vi bromear.
a to fool about / fool around vi 1 (be
stupid) hacer el tonto, hacer el paya
so. 2 (waste time) perder el tiempo ne
ciamente.
foolish [fUlIS] adj 1 (silly) tonto,a. 2
(stupid) estpido,a; (unwise) impru
dente. 3 (ridiculous) ridculo,a.
foolproof [fUlprUf] adj 1 (plan, method,
idea) infalible. 2 (machine) seguro,a.
foot [fUt] n 1 anat pie m. 2 (measurement)
pie m. 3 (bottom) pie m. 4 (of animal) pa
ta. l o c on foot a pie.
pl feet.
football [fUtbl] n 1 (game) ftbol m. 2
(ball) baln m. c o m p football player fut
bolista mf. y football pools quinielas.
" En ingls americano football a secas
se refiere al ftbol americano; el ftbol
tal como se conoce en Europa se suele lla
mar soccer.
football [fUtblr] n futbolista mf.
footlights [fUtlaIts] n pl candilejas fpl.
footloose [fUtlUs] adj libre.
footnote [fUtnUt] n nota a pie de p
gina.
footpath [fUtpAT] n sendero, camino.
footprint [fUtprInt] n huella, pisada.
footstep [fUtstep] n paso, pisada.
150
footwear [fUtwer] n calzado.
for [fr] prep 1 (intended) para. 2 (purpose)
para: whats this for? para qu sirve esto?
3 (destination) para. 4 (in order to help, on be-
half of) por: do it for me hazlo por m. 5
(because of, on account of) por, a causa de.
6 (past time) durante; (future time) por;
(specific point in time) para. 7 (distance): I
walked for five miles camin cinco millas. 8
(in exchange, as replacement of) por. 9 (in fa-
vour of, in support of) por, a favor de. 10
(despite) a pesar de, para; (considering, con-
trast) para: shes very tall for her age es muy
alta para su edad. 11 (as) de, como, por.
12 (in order to obtain) para: for further details
para ms informacin
P conj 6 fml lit ya que, puesto que.
forage [frIdZ] n (food) forraje m.
forbade [fbeId] pt forbid.
forbid [fbId] vt 1 (prohibit) prohibir. 2
(make impossible) impedir.
pt forbade [fbeId], pp forbidden
[fbIdn], ger forbidding.
forbidden [fbIdn] pp forbid.
forbidding [fbIdIN] adj (stern) seve
ro,a; (unfriendly) formidable.
force [fs] n 1 (strength, power, violence)
fuerza. 2 phys fuerza. 3 mil cuerpo.
P vt (oblige) forzar, obligar.
forceful [fsfUl] adj (person, manner)
enrgico,a; (speech) contundente; (ar-
gument) convincente.
forceps [fseps] n pl frceps m inv.
ford [fd] n vado.
P vt vadear.
forearm [frAm] n antebrazo.
foreboding [fbUdIN] n presenti
miento.
forecast [fkAst] n pronstico, pre
visin f.
P vt pronosticar.
pt & pp forecast o forecasted.
forefinger [ffINgr] n (dedo) ndice m.
forefront [ffrnt] n vanguardia.
forego1 [fgU] vt (precede) preceder.
pt forewent [fwent], pp foregone
[fgn], ger foregoing.
forego2 [fgU] vt forgo.
pt forewent [fwent], pp foregone
[fgn], ger foregoing.

foregoing [fgUIN] adj precedente.
foregone [fgn] pp forego.
P adj inevitable.
foreground [fgraUnd] n primer pla
no, primer trmino.
forehead [frId, fhed] n frente f.
foreign [frIn] adj 1 (from abroad)
extranjero,a. 2 (dealing with other coun-
tries) exterior. 3 (strange) ajeno,a, ex
trao,a.
foreigner [frInr] n extranjero,a.
foreman [fmn] n 1 (of workers) capataz
m. 2 (of jury) presidente m del jurado.
pl foremen [fmn].
foremost [fmUst] adj principal.
forename [fneIm] n nombre m (de
pila).
forensic [frensIk] adj forense.
forerunner [frnr] n precursor,ra.
foresaw [fs] pt foresee.
foresee [fsi] vt prever.
pt foresaw [fs] , pp foreseen
[fsin], ger foreseeing.
foreseen [fsin] pp foresee.
foresight [fsaIt] n previsin f.
foreskin [fskIn] n prepucio.
forest [frIst] n 1 (gen) bosque m. 2 (jun-
gle) selva.
P adj forestal.
forestall [fstl] vt 1 (preempt) antici form [fm] n 1 (shape, mode, etc) forma. 2
parse a. 2 (prevent) prevenir.
forestry [frIstrI] n silvicultura.
foretell [ftel] vt predecir, pronosticar.
pt & pp foretold [ftUld].
forethought [fTt] n 1 previsin f.
2 jur premeditacin f.
foretold [ftUld] pt & pp foretell.
forever [frevr] adv 1 (all the time) siem
pre. 2 (for good) para siempre.
forewarn [fwn] vt prevenir.
forewent [fwent] pp forego.
foreword [fwd] n prlogo.
forfeit [ffIt] n 1 (penalty) pena, multa.
2 (in games) prenda.
P vt perder, perder (el derecho de).
forgave [fgeIv] pt forgive.
forge [fdZ] n 1 (apparatus) fragua. 2
(smithy) forja.
151 format
P vt1 (counterfeit) falsificar. 2 (metal) for
jar, fraguar.
forgery [fdZrI] n falsificacin f.
pl forgeries.
forget [fget] vt 1 (gen) olvidar, olvi
darse de. 2 (leave behind) dejar.
pt forgot [fgt] , pp forgotten
[fgtn], ger forgetting.
P vi olvidarse de, no recordar.
forgive [fgIv] vt 1 (pardon) perdonar. 2
(let off debt) perdonar.
pt forgave [fgeIv] , pp forgiven
[fgIvnn]. F
forgiven [fgIvnn] pp forgive.
forgiveness [fgIvns] n perdn m.
forgo [fgU] vt renunciar a, sacrificar.
pt forwent [fwent], pp forgone
[fgn], ger forgoing.
forgone [fgn] pp forgo.
forgot [fgt] pt forget.
forgotten [fgtn] pp forget.
fork [fk] n 1 (for eating) tenedor m. 2
agr horca, horquilla. 3 (in road, river, etc)
bifurcacin f.
P vi 1 (road, river, etc) bifurcarse. 2 (person,
car) torcer, girar.
P n pl forks (on bike) horquilla.
forlorn [ f l n ] adj 1 (forsaken)
abandonado,a. 2 (desolate) triste. 3
(hopeless) desesperado,a.
(kind) clase f, tipo. 3 (formality) formas
fpl; (behaviour) educacin f. 4 (physical
condition) forma. 5 (mood, spirit) humor m.
6 (document) formulario, impreso, ho
ja. 7 educ (age group) curso; (class) clase f.
P vt 1 (mould) moldear; (make) hacer,
formar. 2 (be, constitute) formar, consti
tuir. 3 fig (idea) hacerse, formarse.
formal [fml] adj 1 (gen) formal. 2
(dress, dinner) de etiqueta.
, Formal no significa formal (serio),
que se traduce por serious.
formality [fmQlItI] n (correctness) for
malidad f; (convention) ceremonia.
pl formalities.
format [fmQt] n formato.
P vt comput formatear.
pt & pp formatted, ger formatting.
 formation
formation [fmeISn] n 1 (gen) forma
cin f. 2 (establishment) creacin f.
former [fmr] adj 1 (earlier) antiguo,a;
(person) ex. 2 (of two) primero,a.
P pron the former aqul, aqulla.
formerly [fmlI] adv (previously) anti
guamente, antes.
formidable [fmIdbl] adj 1 (impres-
sive) formidable. 2 (daunting) temible,
imponente.
, Formidable no significa formidable
(magnfico), que se traduce por wonderful.
formula [fmjl] n frmula.
pl formulas o formulae [fmjUli].
formulate [fmjleIt] vt formular.
formulation [fmjleISn] n formula
cin f.
fort [ft] n fuerte m.
forth [fT] adv (onwards) en adelante.
forthcoming [fTkmIN] adj 1 fml (hap-
pening in near future) prximo,a. 2 (avail-
able) disponible. 3 (communicative) co
municativo,a, dispuesto,a a hablar.
fortieth [ftIT] adj cuadragsimo,a.
P adv en cuadragsimo lugar.
P n (fraction) cuadragsimo; (one part)
cuadragsima parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixtieth.
fortification [ftIfIkeISn] n fortifica
cin f.
fortify [ftIfaI] vt 1 mil fortificar. 2
(strengthen) fortalecer.
pt & pp fortified, ger fortifying.
fortnight [ftnaIt] n gb quincena,
quince das mpl.
fortress [ftrs] n (military stronghold)
fortaleza.
fortunate [ftSnt] adj afortun a
do,a.
fortunately [ftSntlI] adv afortu
nadamente, por suerte.
fortune [ftSn] n 1 (fate) fortuna; (luck)
suerte f. 2 (money) fortuna.
fortune-teller [ftSntelr] n adivi
no,a.
forty [ftI] adj cuarenta.
Pn cuarenta m.
. Consulta tambin sixty.
152
forum [frm] n foro.
forward [fwd] adv [como adverbio,
tambin forwards] 1 (gen) hacia ade
lante. 2 (time) en adelante.
P adj 1 (position) delantero,a, frontal;
(movement) hacia delante. 2 (future) a lar
go plazo. 3 (advanced) adelantado,a,
precoz. 4 (too bold, too eager) atrevido,a,
descarado,a, fresco,a.
P vt 1 (send on to new address) remitir;
(send goods) enviar, expedir. 2 fml (fur-
ther, advance) adelantar, fomentar.
forwent [fwent] pt forgo.
fossil [fsl] n fsil m.
P adj fsil.
foster [fstr] vt 1 (child) acoger tempo
ralmente. 2 (encourage) fomentar, pro
mover.
P adj adoptivo,a.
fought [ft] pt & pp fight.
foul [faUl] adj 1 (dirty, disgusting) asque
roso,a; (smell) ftido,a. 2 (language)
grosero,a, obsceno,a.
P n sp falta (on, contra).
P vt 1 (dirty) ensuciar; (pollute) contami
nar. 2 (snag) enredar. 3 sp cometer una
falta contra.
found1 [faUnd] vt (metals) fundir.
found2 [faUnd] vt 1 (establish) fundar. 2
(base) basar (on, en).
found3 [faUnd] pt & pp find.
foundation [faUndeISn] n 1 (act, organi-
zation) fundacin f. 2 (basis) funda
mento, base f. 3 (make-up) base f.
P n pl foundations cimientos mpl.
founder1 [faUndr] vi 1 (plan, etc) fraca
sar, malograrse. 2 (ship) hundirse. 3
(horse) dar un traspi.
founder2 [faUndr] n fundador,ra.
foundry [faUndrI] n fundicin f.
pl foundries.
fountain [faUntn] n 1 fuente f. 2 (jet)
surtidor m, chorro.
four [fr] adj cuatro.
Pn cuatro.
. Consulta tambin six.
fourteen [ftin] adj catorce.
Pn catorce m.
. Consulta tambin six.

fourteenth [ftinT] adj decimocuar framework [freImwk] n 1 armazn f.
to,a.
P adv en decimocuarto lugar.
P n 1 (in series) decimocuarto,a. 2 (frac-
tion) decimocuarto; (one part) decimo
cuarta parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
fourth [fT] adj cuarto,a.
P adv cuarto, en cuarto lugar.
P n 1 (in series) cuarto,a. 2 (fraction)
cuarto; (one part) cuarta parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
fowl [faUl] n ave f de corral.
pl fowl.
fox [fks] n zorro,a.
P vt 1 fam (trick) engaar. 2 (confuse) de
jar perplejo,a, confundir, despistar.
foxy [fksI] adj fam astuto,a.
comp foxier, superl foxiest.
foyer [fIeI, fIr] n vestbulo.
fraction [frQkSn] n 1 (division) fraccin
f. 2 (small part, bit) poquito.
fractional [frQkSnl] adj 1 (in fractions)
fraccionario,a. 2 (very small) muy
pequeo,a, nfimo,a.
fracture [frQktSr] n fractura.
P vt fracturar.
P vi fracturarse.
fragile [frQdZaIl] adj 1 frgil. 2 fig
(health) delicado,a.
fragility [frdZIlItI] n fragilidad f.
fragment [(n) frQgmnt; (vb) frQgment]
n fragmento.
P vi fragmentarse.
fragmentation [frQgmnteISn] n
fragmentacin f.
fragrance [freIgrns] n fragancia.
fragrant [freIgrnt] adj fragante.
frail [freIl] adj 1 frgil, delicado,a. 2
(morally weak) dbil.
frame [freIm] n 1 (of building, machine, tent)
armazn f. 2 (of bed) armadura. 3 (of
bicycle) cuadro. 4 (of spectacles) montura.
5 (of window, door, picture, etc) marco. 6
cinem fotograma m. 7 (of comic) vieta.
P vt 1 (picture) enmarcar. 2 (door) encua
drar.
153 freelance
2 fig estructura, sistema m, marco.
franc [frQNk] n (monetary unit) franco.
France [frAns] n Francia.
franchise [frQntSaIz] n 1 comm conce
sin f, franquicia. 2 (vote) derecho de
voto.
frank [frQNk] adj (honest) franco,a.
P vt franquear.
frantic [frQntIk] adj 1 (hectic) fren
tico,a. 2 (anxious) desesperado,a.
F
fraternal [frtnl] adj fraternal.
fraternity [frtnItI] n 1 (brotherhood)
fraternidad f. 2 (society) asociacin f. 3
rel hermandad f, cofrada. 4 us (univer-
sity) club m de estudiantes.
pl fraternities.
fraud [frd] n 1 (act) fraude m. 2 (person)
impostor,ra, farsante mf.
fraught [frt] adj 1 (filled, charged) lle
no,a (with, de), cargado,a (with,
de). 2 fam (worried) nervioso,a,
alterado,a, tenso,a.
fray1 [freI] vi 1 (cloth) deshilacharse,
raerse. 2 (tempers, nerves, etc) crisparse.
fray2 [freI] n contienda, lucha.
freak [frik] n (monster) monstruo;
(strange person) bicho raro. 2 fam (fan)
fantico,a. 3 (eccentric) estrafalario,a.
P adj (unusual) inslito,a; (unexpected)
inesperado,a.
to freak out vt sep estar muy asusta
a
do, enojado o excitado.
freckle [frekl] n peca.
free [fri] adj 1 (gen) libre. 2 (without cost)
gratuito,a, gratis; (exempt) libre (from,
de).
P adv 1 (gratis) gratis. 2 (loose) suelto,a.
P vt 1 (liberate, release - person) poner en li
bertad, liberar; (- animal) soltar. 2 (rid)
deshacerse (of/from, de), librarse (of/
from, de). 3 (loosen, untie) soltar, desatar.
freedom [fridm] n libertad f.
freehand [frihQnd] adj a mano alzada.
freelance [frilAns] adj independiente,
autnomo,a.
P n persona que trabaja por cuenta
propia.
P vi trabajar por cuenta propia.
 freestyle
freestyle [fristaIl] n (swimming) estilo
libre.
freeway [friweI] n us autopista.
freewheel [friwil] vi (cycle) ir a rueda
libre; (car) ir en punto muerto.
freeze [friz] n 1 meteor helada. 2 comm
congelacin f.
P vt (gen) congelar.
P vi 1 (liquid) helarse; (food) congelarse.
2 meteor helar.
pt froze [frUz], pp frozen [frUzn],
ger freezing.
freezer [frizr] n congelador m.
freeze-up [frizp] n helada.
freight [freIt] n 1 (transport) transporte m.
2 (goods) carga, flete m. 3 (price) flete m.
P vt transportar.
freighter [freItr] n (ship) buque m de
carga; (aircraft) avin m de carga.
French [frentS] adj francs,esa.
P n (language) francs m.
P n pl the French los franceses mpl.
Frenchman [frentSmn] n francs m.
pl Frenchmen [frentSmn].
Frenchwoman [frentSwUmn] n fran
cesa.
pl Frenchwomen [frentSwImIn].
frenzy [frenzI] n frenes m.
pl frenzies.
frequency [frikwnsI] n frecuencia.
pl frequencies.
frequent [(adj) frikwnt; (vb) frIkwent]
adj frecuente.
P vt frecuentar.
fresco [freskU] n fresco.
pl frescos o frescoes.
fresh [freS] adj 1 (gen) fresco,a. 2 (water)
dulce. 3 (air) puro,a.
freshen [freSn] vt refrescar.
P vi refrescarse.
freshly [freSlI] adv recin: freshly baked
bread pan recin hecho.
freshness [freSns] n 1 (brightness) fres
cura. 2 (cool) frescor m. 3 (newness) no
vedad f. 4 fam (cheek) descaro.
freshwater [freSwQtr] adj de agua
dulce: freshwater fish pez de agua dulce.
fret1 [fret] vi preocuparse (about/at/
over, por).
154
P vt (wear away) raer, desgastar.
pt & pp fretted, ger fretting.
P n (worry) preocupacin f.
fret2 [fret] n (on guitar) traste m.
friar [fraIr] n fraile m.
fricative [frIktIv] adj fricativo,a.
P n fricativa.
friction [frIkSn] n 1 (conflict) friccin f, ro
ces mpl. 2 (rubbing) rozamiento, roce m.
Friday [fraIdI] n viernes m.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta Saturday.
fridge [frIdZ] n nevera, frigorfico.
fried [fraId] pt & pp fry.
P adj frito,a.
friend [frend] n 1 amigo,a, compa
ero,a. 2 (helper, supporter) amigo,a (of/
to, de).
friendly [frendlI] adj 1 (person) simpti
co,a, amable. 2 (atmosphere) acoge
dor,ra. 3 (smile, manner, etc) amable.
comp friendlier, superl friendliest.
friendship [frendSIp] n amistad f.
frieze [friz] n 1 (painted) friso. 2 (wallpa-
per) cenefa.
frigate [frIgt] n fragata.
fright [fraIt] n 1 (shock) susto. 2 (fear)
miedo.
frighten [fraItn] vt asustar, espantar.
frightfully [fraItfUlI] adv fam muchsimo.
frigid [frIdZId] adj 1 (sexually) frgido,a.
2 (icy) glacial, muy fro,a.
frill [frIl] n (on dress) volante m.
P n pl frills (decorations) adornos mpl.
fringe [frIndZ] n 1 (decorative) fleco. 2 (of
hair) flequillo. 3 (edge) borde m.
frisk [frIsk] vt (search) registrar, cachear.
(frolic) brincar, retozar.
P vi
frisky [ f r I s k I ] adj (child, animal)
juguetn,ona; (adult) vivo,a, vital.
comp friskier, superl friskiest.
fritter [frItr] n culin buuelo.
frivolity [frIvltI] n frivolidad f.
pl frivolities.
frizzy [frIzI] adj crespo,a, rizado,a.
comp frizzier, superl frizziest.
frock [frk] n vestido.
frog [frg] n rana.
frolic [frlIk] vi juguetear, retozar.
Pn aventura.

from [frm] prep 1 (starting at) de; (train,
plane) procedente de: the train from Ma-
drid el tren procedente de Madrid. 2 (ori-
gin, source) de, desde. 9 (because of) por, a
causa de. 10 (considering, according to) se
gn, por. 11 (indicating difference) de;
(when distinguishing) entre. 12 (indicating
position) desde. l o c from now on de
ahora en adelante, a partir de ahora.
front [frnt] n 1 (forward part) parte f de
lantera, frente m. 2 meteor frente m. 3
(facade) fachada. 4 mil frente m. 5
(promenade) paseo martimo.
P adj delantero,a, de delante.
P vi (face) dar (on/onto, a).
P vt 1 (lead, head) encabezar. 2 (present)
presentar.
frontalis [frntalIs] n msculo frontal.
frontier [frntIr] n frontera.
P adj fronterizo,a.
front-page [frntpeIdZ] adj de porta
da, de primera plana.
frost [frst] n 1 (covering) escarcha. 2
(freezing) helada.
P vt helar, cubrir de escarcha.
frostbite [frstbaIt] n congelacin f.
frosted [frstId] adj 1 (glass) esmerila
do,a. 2 culin recubierto,a de azcar
glas, escarchado,a.
frosty [frstI] adj 1 meteor (cold with frost)
de helada; (very cold) helado,a, muy
fro,a. 2 meteor (covered with frost)
escarchado,a, cubierto,a de escar
cha. 3 fig (unfriendly) glacial.
comp frostier, superl frostiest.
froth [frT] n (gen) espuma.
frown [fraUn] n ceo.
P vi fruncir el ceo.
froze [frUz] pt freeze.
frozen [frUzn] pp freeze.
P adj 1 (water, ground) helado,a. 2 (food)
congelado,a.
fructose [frktUz] n fructosa.
frugal [frUgl] adj frugal.
fruit [frUt] n 1 (food) fruta. 2 bot fruto.
3 (result, reward) fruto.
P adj de fruta. c o m p fruit juice zumo
de fruta. y fruit salad macedonia.
P vi dar fruto.
155 fumble
fruitful [frUtfUl] adj fructfero,a.
frustrate [frstreIt] vt 1 (thwart) frus
trar. 2 (upset) frustrar.
frustration [frstreISn] n frustracin f.
fry1 [fraI] vt frer.
1 frerse. 2 fig (in sun) asarse, achi
P vi
charrarse.
pt & pp fried, ger frying.
fry2 [fraI] n pl (fish) alevines mpl.
fryer [fraIr] n (frying pan) sartn f.
frying pan [fraIINpQn] n sartn f.
ft [fUt, fit] abbr (foot, feet) pie m, pies mpl. F
fuel [fjUl] n 1 (gen) combustible m. 2
(for motors) carburante m.
P vt 1 (plane) abastecer de combusti
ble; (car) echar gasolina. 2 fig (make
worse) empeorar; (encourage) alimentar.
fugitive [fjUdZItIv] n (from danger, war,
etc) fugitivo,a; (from justice) prfugo,a.
P adj fugitivo,a.
fulcrum [fUlkrm] n fulcro.
fulfil [fUlfIl] vt 1 (promise, duty) cumplir. 2
(task, plan, ambition) realizar. 3 (role, func-
tion, order) efectuar, desempear. 4
(need, desire, wish) satisfacer.
pt & pp fulfilled, ger fulfilling.
fulfill [fUlfIl] vt us fulfil.
fulfilled [fUlfIld] pt & pp fulfill.
P adj realizado,a, satisfecho,a.
full [fUl] adj 1 (gen) lleno,a. 2 (week, day)
cargado,a, movido,a. 3 (entire, com-
plete) completo,a. 4 (highest or greatest
possible) mximo,a. l o c full time a jor
nada completa. c o m p full board pen
sin f completa. y full stop punto.
P adv (directly) justo, de lleno.
full-length [fUlleNT] adj 1 (mirror, portrait)
de cuerpo entero. 2 (garment) largo,a.
3 (film) de largo metraje.
full-scale [fUlskeIl] adj 1 (actual size) de
tamao natural. 2 (complete, total )
completo,a, total.
full-time [fUltaIm] adj a tiempo com
pleto, de jornada completa.
P adv a tiempo completo.
fumble [fmbl] vt dejar caer.
P vi to fumble for buscar a tientas.
P vi to fumble with hacer torpemente.
 fume
fume [fjUm] vi 1 (produce smoke, etc)
echar humo. 2 fig (show anger) echar
humo, subirse por las paredes.
P n pl fumes humos mpl.
, To fume no significa fumar, que se
traduce por to smoke.
fumigate [fjUmIgeIt] vt fumigar.
fun [fn] n 1 (enjoyment, pleasure) diver
sin f: itll be good fun when we go camping
lo pasaremos muy bien cuando nos va-
yamos de camping. 2 (amusement) gra
cia: its no fun staying in alone on Saturday
night no tiene gracia quedarse solo en ca-
sa el sbado por la noche.
P adj (humorous, amusing) divertido,a.
function [fNkSn] n 1 (purpose, use, duty)
funcin f. 2 (ceremony) acto, ceremo
nia; (reception) recepcin f. 3 math fun
cin f.
P vi funcionar. l o c to fulfil a function
desempear una funcin. c o m p func-
tion key tecla de funcin.
functional [fNkSnl] adj 1 (operational)
funcional. 2 (practical, useful) prc
tico,a.
fund [fnd] n 1 (sum of money) fondo. 2
(supply) fuente f.
P vt 1 (finance) patrocinar. 2 (debt) con
solidar.
P n pl funds (financial resources) fondos mpl.
fundamental [fndmentl] adj fun
damental.
P n pl fundamentals (essential part, basic rule)
fundamentos mpl, reglas fpl bsicas.
fundamentalist [fndmentlIst] adj
relfundamentalista, integrista.
P n relfundamentalista mf, integrista mf.
funeral [fjUnrl] n entierro, funeral m.
P adj fnebre.
funfair [fnfer] n gb feria, parque m
de atracciones.
fungus [fNgs] n hongo.
pl funguses o fungi [fNdZaI].
funicular [fjUnIkjlr] n funicular m.
funk [fnk] n mus funky m.
funky [fnkI] adj 1 mus funky. 2 fam
(fashionable) guay, chulo,a.
comp funkier, superl funkiest.
156
funnel [fnl] n 1 (for liquid) embudo. 2
(chimney) chimenea.
P vi verterse.
P vt fig (channel) encauzar.
funny [fnI] adj 1 (amusing) gracioso,a,
divertido,a: I dont find your remarks at all
funny tus comentarios no son nada gracio-
sos. 2 (strange) raro,a, extrao,a, cu
rioso,a: the funny thing is that lo curioso
es que 3 fam (slightly ill) rarillo,a, ma
lito,a; (slightly mad) chiflado,a: I feel
funny no me encuentro bien.
comp funnier, superl funniest.
fur [fr] n 1 (of living animal) pelo, pelaje
m. 2 (of dead animal) piel f. 3 (garment)
abrigo de piel. 4 (on tongue) sarro.
P adj de piel. c o m p fur coat abrigo de
pieles.
furious [fjUrIs] adj (very angry)
furioso,a: shell be furious if we break any-
thing se pondr furiosa si rompemos algo;
hes got a furious temper tiene muy mal genio.
furnace [fns] n horno.
furnish [fnIS] vt 1 (house, etc) amueblar
(with, de): Id like to rent a furnished flat
quisiera arrendar un departamento amue-
blado. 2 fml (supply - material) suminis
trar, proveer; (- information, etc) facilitar,
proporcionar.
furnishings [fnISINz] n pl muebles,
cortinas y alfombras.
furniture [fnItS r ] n mobiliario,
muebles mpl: I need some new furniture
necesito unos muebles nuevos.
furrow [frU] n 1 agr surco. 2 (wrinkle)
arruga.
P vt 1 agr surcar. 2 (forehead) arrugar.
furry [frI] adj 1 (hairy) peludo,a. 2
(scaly) sarroso,a.
comp furrier, superl furriest.
further [fDr] adj 1 (farther) ms lejos:
she lives further down the road vive ms
abajo de la calle. 2 (more, additional) ms,
adicional; (new) nuevo,a: I have just one
further question tengo una pregunta ms;
this office will remain closed until further no-
tice esta oficina permanecer cerrada has-
ta nuevo aviso; for further information,
please contact para ms informacin,
pngase en contacto con

P adv 1 (farther) ms lejos: is it much fur-
ther? queda mucho ms?; dont go any
further no vayas ms lejos. 2 (more, to a
greater degree) ms: the police want to take
the matter further la polica quiere investi
gar ms el asunto; Id like to go further into
this subject me gustara estudiar el tema
ms a fondo. 3 fml (besides) adems: fur-
ther, Id like to complain about the lack of
parking spaces adems, quisiera quejarme
de la falta de aparcamientos.
P vt (advance, promote) fomentar, pro
mover: he would have gone to any lengths
to further his career hubiera hecho cual
quier cosa para promover su propia ca
rrera. l o c this must not go any further
esto tiene que quedar entre noso
tros, esto no tiene que salir de aqu. y
further to con referencia a, referente
a: further to your letter of the 6th inst con
referencia a su carta del da 6 del corrien
te. c o m p further education estudios mpl
superiores.
. Consulta tambin far.
furthermore [fDmr] adv fml ade (old-fashioned) chapado,a a la antigua.
ms.
furthest [fDIst] adj far, farthest, fur futile [fjUtaIl] adj vano,a, intil: a fu-
ther.
P adv far, further.
furtive [ftIv] adj furtivo,a.
fury [fjUrI] n furia. l o c to be in a fury
estar furioso,a. y to fly into a fury po
nerse hecho,a una furia.
pl furies.
fuse [fjUz] n 1 elec fusible m, plomo:
the fuses blew saltaron los fusibles, se fun
dieron los plomos. 2 (wick) mecha; (deto-
nator) espoleta. l o c to blow a fuse 1
(appliance) saltar el fusible de, fundirse
el plomo de. 2 (person) estallar, explo
tar. c o m p fuse box caja de fusibles.
P vt 1 (cause to stop working, melt) fundir-
2 fig (merge) fusionar.
P vi 1 (stop working, melt) fundirse: the
lights have fused se han fundido los plo
mos. 2 fig (merge) fusionarse: the two
companies fused las dos empresas se fu
sionaron.
157 fuzzy
fuselage [fjUzlAZ] n fuselaje m.
fusillade [fjUzleId] n tiroteo,.
fusion [fjUZn] n fusin f.
fuss [fs] n 1 (commotion, nervous excitement)
alboroto, jaleo. 2 (angry scene, dispute)
escndalo, problemas mpl; (complaints)
quejas fpl.
P vt (pester, annoy, bother) molestar: stop
fussing me no me molestes.
P vi 1 (worry, fret) preocuparse, inquie
tarse: dont fuss, well get there on time no te
F
preocupes, llegaremos a tiempo. 2 (pay
excessive attention to) preocuparse excesi
vamente (over, de). l o c to make a fuss
/ kick up a fuss (complain strongly) armar
un escndalo, montar una escena. y to
make a fuss of sb deshacerse por algn.
fussy [fsI] adj 1 (concerned with details)
quisquilloso,a, exigente. 2 (nervous
about small things) nervioso,a. 3 (too elabo-
rate) recargado,a.
comp fussier, superl fussiest.
fusty [fstI] adj 1 (musty) mohoso,a,
rancio,a; (stale) que huele a cerrado. 2
comp fustier, superl fustiest.
tile attempt to save him un intento intil de
salvarlo.
future [fjUtSr] adj futuro,a: my future
husband mi futuro marido; we arranged to
meet at some future time quedamos para
vernos en un futuro. c o m p future tense
futuro.
P n 1 futuro, porvenir m: the future is
promising el futuro es prometedor. 2 (verb
tense) futuro. l o c in future en el futu
ro, de aqu en adelante. y in the future
en el futuro. y in the distant future en
un futuro lejano. y in the near future
en un futuro prximo. y in the not too
distant future en un futuro no muy
lejano.
fuzz [fz] n (fluff) pelusa; (fine hair) vello.
fuzzy [fzI] adj 1 (frizzy) rizado,a,
crespo,a; (fluffy) con pelusilla. 2
(blurred) borroso,a, movido,a.
comp fuzzier, superl fuzziest.
 G
158
G, g [gi] n 1 (the letter) G, g f. 2 mus sol m.
g [grQm] symb (gram, gramme) gramo;
(abbreviation) g.
gab [gQb] n labia, palique m. l o c to have
the gift of the gab tener el pico de oro.
P vi charlar, parlotear.
pt & pp gabbed, ger gabbing.
gabardine [gQbdin] n gabardina.
gabble [gQbl] n chapurreo.
P vt farfullar, charlotear.
gadfly [gQdflaI] n zool tbano.
pl gadflies.
gadget [gQdZIt] n fam aparato, artilu
gio, chisme m.
Gaelic [geIlIk] adj galico,-a.
P n (language) galico.
gaffe [gQf] n metedura de pata.
gag [gQg] n 1 (cover for the mouth) morda
za. 2 (joke) chiste m, gag m, broma.
P vt amordazar.
P vi tener nuseas.
pt & pp gagged, ger gagging.
gaily [geIlI] adv alegremente.
gain [geIn] n 1 (achievement) logro. 2
(profit) ganancia. 3 (increase) aumento.
P vt 1 (achieve) lograr, conseguir. 2 (ob-
tain) ganar. 3 (increase) aumentar. 4
(clock) adelantar.
P vi 1 (clock) adelantar. 2 (shares) subir.
gait [geIt] n andares mpl.
gaiter [geItr] n polaina.
galactic [glQktIk] adj galctico,-a.
galaxy [gQlksI] n galaxia.
pl galaxies.
gale [geIl] n (wind) vendaval m; (storm)
tempestad f.
gall1 [gl] n fig descaro, caradura. comp
gall bladder vescula biliar.
gall2 [gl] vt irritar, molestar.
gallant [gQlnt] adj 1 (brave) valiente. 2
(chivalrous) galante.
galleon [gQlIn] n galen m.
gallery [gQlrI] n 1 (gen) galera. 2 (in
theatre) gallinero.
pl galleries.
galley [gQlI] n 1 (ship) galera. 2 (kitchen
on ships) cocina.
gallon [gQln] n galn m.
. Equivale en gb a 4,55 litros y en us 3,78
litros.
gallop [gQlp] n galope m.
P vi galopar.
gallows [gQlUz] n pl horca sing, pat
bulo sing.
galore [glr] adj en abundancia.
galvanize [gQlvnaIz] vt galvanizar.
gamble [gQmbl] n 1 (risky undertaking)
empresa arriesgada. 2 (risk) riesgo. 3
(bet) jugada, apuesta.
P vt jugar(se).
P vi 1 (bet) apostar. 2 (take a risk) arries
garse, confiar.
gambler [gQmblr] n jugador,-ra.
gambling [gQmblIN] n juego.
game [geIm] n 1 juego. 2 (match) parti
do. 3 (of cards, chess, etc) partida. 4 (hunting)
caza. c o m p game reserve coto de caza.
P adj dispuesto,-a, listo,-a.
P n pl games gb educacin f sing fsica.
gamekeeper [geImkipr] n guarda
bosque mf.
gammon [gQmn] n gb jamn m
(ahumado o curado a la sal).
gamut [gQmt] n gama, serie f.
gander [gQndr] n ganso.
gang [gQN] n 1 (criminals) banda. 2 (youths)
pandilla.

gangplank [gQNplQNk] n plancha.
gangrene [gQNgrin] n gangrena.
gangster [gQNstr] n gngster m.
gangway [gQNweI] n 1 gb (aisle, passage)
pasillo. 2 (on ship) pasarela.
gaol [dZeIl] n gb crcel f.
. Consulta tambin jail.
gap [gQp] n 1 (hole) abertura, hueco. 2
(crack) brecha. 3 (empty space) espacio. 4
(blank) blanco. 5 (time) intervalo.
gape [geIp] vi 1 abrirse. 2 (stare) mirar
boquiabierto,-a.
garage [gQrAZ, gQrIdZ] n 1 garaje m. 2
(for repairs) taller m mecnico. 3 (for pet-
rol, etc) gasolinera.
garbage [gAbIdZ] n 1 us basura. 2 gb
desperdicios mpl. 3 fig tonteras fpl,
majaderas fpl, sandeces fpl.
garbled [gAbld] adj confuso,-a.
garden [gAdn] n jardn m.
P vi cuidar el jardn.
gardener [gAdnr] n (gen) jardinero,-a;
(of vegetables) hortelano,-a.
gargle [gAgl] vi hacer grgaras.
gargoyle [gAgIl] n grgola.
garish [gerIS] adj (colour) chilln,-ona,
llamativo,-a; (light) cegador,-ra, des
lumbrante.
garland [gAlnd] n guirnalda.
garlic [gAlIk] n ajo.
garment [gAmnt] n (clothes) prenda.
garnet [gAnIt] n granate m.
garnish [gAnIS] n guarnicin f.
P vt guarnecer.
garrison [gQrIsn] n guarnicin f.
garter [gAtr] n liga.
gas [gQs] n 1 (substance) gas m. 2 us ga
solina. 3 (anaesthetic) anestesia. 4 us fig
algo divertido. c o m p gas chamber c
mara de gas. y gas mask mscara an
tigs. y us gas station gasolinera.
pl gases o gasses.
P vt asfixiar con gas.
P vi fam charlotear.
gaseous [gQsIs] adj gaseoso,-a.
gash [gQS] n cuchillada.
gasket [gQskIt] n junta.
gasoline [gQslin] n us gasolina.
159 GCSE
gasp [gAsp] vi 1 (in astonishment) quedar
boquiabierto,-a. 2 (to pant) jadear.
gassy [gQsI] adj gaseoso,-a.
comp gassier, superl gassiest.
gastric [gQstrIk] adj gstrico,-a.
gastronomy [gQstrnmI] n gastrono
ma.
gate [geIt] n 1 (door) puerta, verja. 2 (at
airport) puerta; (at stadium) entrada. 3 gb
(attendance) asistencia.
gateau [gQtU] n pastel m, tarta.
pl gateaux [gQtUz].
gatecrash [geItkrQS] vt fam colarse en.
P vi fam colarse.
gateway [geItweI] n entrada, puerta.
G
gather [gQDr] vt 1 (collect) juntar. 2
(call together) reunir. 3 (pick up) recoger.
4 (taxes) recaudar. 5 (gain) ganar, co
brar.
P vi 1 (come together) reunirse, juntarse. 2
(build up) acumularse. 3 (form) formarse.
gathering [gQDrIN] n reunin f.
gauche [gUS] adj (awkward) torpe,
desmaado,-a; (tactless) sin tacto.
gaudy [gdI] adj chilln,-ona.
comp gaudier, superl gaudiest.
gauge [geIdZ] n 1 (device) indicador m,
calibrador m. 2 (measure) medida es
tndar. 3 (railways) ancho de va.
P vt 1 (measure) medir, calibrar. 2 fig
apreciar, calcular.
gaunt [gnt] adj 1 (lean) demacrado,-a.
2 fig (desolate) lgubre; (grim) siniestro,-a.
gauze [gz] n gasa.
gave [geIv] pt give.
gay [geI] adj 1 fam (homosexual) gay. 2
(happy, lively) alegre. 3 (bright) vistoso,-a.
gaze [geIz] n mirada fija.
P vi mirar fijamente.
gazelle [gzel] n gacela.
gazette [gzet] n gb boletn oficial.
GCSE [dZisiesi] abbr gb (General Cer-
tificate of Secondary Education) Ense
anza Secundaria Obligatoria; (abbre-
viation) ESO f.
" GCSE es el examen que se hace en
Gran Bretaa al final de la enseanza se
cundaria, a los 16 aos aproximadamente.
 GDP
GDP [dZidipi] abbr (gross domestic
product) producto interior bruto; (ab-
breviation) PIB m.
gear [gIr] n 1 tech engranaje m. 2 auto
marcha, velocidad f. 3 (equipment) equi
po. 4 fam (belongings) efectos mpl perso
nales, pertenencias fpl; (clothes) ropa.
c o m p gear lever palanca de cambios.
gearbox [gIbks] n caja de cambios.
gearshift [gISift] n auto us palanca de
cambio.
gearstick [gIstIk] n auto palanca de
cambio.
geese [gis] n pl goose.
gel [dzel] n 1 gel m. 2 (for hair) gomina,
fijador m.
gelatine [dZeltin] n gelatina.
gem [dZem] n 1 (jewel) gema. 2 fig (per-
son, thing) joya, alhaja.
Gemini [dZemInaI] n Gminis m.
gender [dZendr] n gnero.
gene [dZin] n gene m, gen m. c o m p gene
pool banco gentico.
genera [dZenr] n pl genus.
general [dZenrl] adj general. comp
general election elecciones fpl genera
les. y general knowledge cultura gene
ral.
P n mil general m.
generalize [dZenrlaIz] vt & vi genera
lizar.
generate [dZenreIt] vt (gen) generar.
generation [dZenreISn] n generacin f.
generator [dZenreItr] n generador m.
generic [dZnerIk] adj genrico,-a.
generosity [dZenrstI] n generosi
dad f.
generous [dZenrs] adj generoso,-a.
genetic [dZnetIk] adj gentico,-a. c o m p
genetic code cdigo gentico.
genetically [dZnetIklI] adv gentica
mente. l o c genetically modified
transgnico,-a.
genetics [dZnetIks] n gentica.
genial [dZinIl] adj afable, amable.
, Genial no significa genial (brillante),
que se traduce por brilliant.
genital [dZenItl] adj genital.
160
P n pl genitals (rganos mpl) genitales mpl.
genitive [dZenItIv] adj genitivo,-a.
Pn genitivo.
genius [dZinIs] n 1 (person) genio. 2
(gift) don m.
pl geniuses.
, Genius no significa genio (carcter),
que se traduce por temper.
genocide [dZensaId] n genocidio.
genome [dZinUm] n genoma m.
genotype [dZentaIp] n genotipo.
genre [ZAnr] n gnero.
gent [dZent] n fam caballero, seor m.
gentle [ d Z e n t l ] adj 1 (person)
bondadoso,-a, dulce, tierno,-a. 2
(breeze, movement, touch, etc) suave. 3
(hint) discreto,-a. 4 (noble) noble.
comp gentler, superl gentlest.
P n pl gents servicio de caballeros.
gentleman [dZentlmn] n caballero,
seor m.
pl gentlemen [dZentlmn].
gently [dZentlI] adv 1 (smoothly) suave
mente. 2 (slowly) despacio, poco a po
co. 3 (kindly) amablemente.
genuine [dZenjUIn] adj 1 (authentic, true)
genuino,-a, autntico,-a, verdade
ro,-a. 2 (sincere) sincero,-a.
genus [dZins] n gnero.
pl genera [dZenr].
geographic [dZIgrQfIk] adj geogr
fico,-a.
geography [dZIgrfI] n geografa.
geological [dZIldZIkal] adj geolgi
co,-a.
geology [dZIldZI] n geologa.
geometric [dZImetrIk] adj geom
trico,-a.
geometry [dZImtrI] n geometra.
geranium [dZreInIm] n geranio.
geriatric [dZerIQtrIk] adj geritrico,-a.
germ [dZm] n germen m.
German [dZmn] adj alemn,-ana.
P n 1 (person) alemn,-ana. 2 (language)
alemn m.
Germany [dZmnI] n Alemania.
germinate [dZmIneIt] vi germinar.
P vt hacer germinar.
 161
germination [dZmIneIS n] n germi
nacin f.
gerund [dZernd] n gerundio.
gestation [dZesteISn] n biol gestacin f.
gesticulate [dZestIkjleIt] vi gesticular.
gesture [dZestSr] n 1 ademn m, gesto.
2 fig (token) detalle m, gesto, muestra.
P vi hacer gestos, hacer ademanes.
, Gesture no significa gesto (de la ca
ra), que se traduce por grimace.
get [get] vt 1 (obtain) obtener, conseguir:
I want to get a job quiero conseguir un tra
bajo; he got a bank loan le concedieron un
crdito bancario; what did you get in maths?
qu sacaste en matemticas?. 2 (receive)
recibir: I got your letter yesterday recib tu
carta ayer. 3 (buy) comprar: where did you
get your jeans? dnde compraste tus va
queros? 4 (fetch) traer: get the car traiga el
auto. 5 (catch illnesses, means of transport)
pescar: she got the flu pesc la gripe. 6 (re-
ceive signal) captar, recibir, coger. 7 (ask)
pedir, decir; (persuade) persuadir, con
vencer: get your brother to help you pdele a
tu hermano que te ayude. 8 (have sth done)
hacer algo a uno: she loves getting her hair
done le encanta que le arreglen el pelo.
P vi 1 (become) ponerse, volverse: she gets
very angry if were late se pone furiosa si lle
gamos tarde. 2 (go) ir: how do you get there?
cmo se va hasta all? 3 (arrive) llegar: how
did you get home? cmo llegaste a casa? 4
(come to) llegar a. 5 (start) empezar a. l o c
to get dressed vestirse. y to get lost per
derse. y to get married casarse. y to get
old envejecer, hacerse viejo. y to get
ready prepararse. y to get wet mojarse.
a to get across vt insep (cross - street, road)
cruzar; (- bridge) atravesar.
P vi hacerse entender.
a to get ahead vi adelantar, progresar.
a to get along vi 1 (manage) arreglrselas,
aparselas. 2 (leave) marcharse, irse.
a to get along with vt insep 1 (person) lle
varse (bien) con. 2 (progress) marchar.
a to get around vi 1 (person) moverse;
(travel) viajar. 2 (news) difundirse.
P vt insep (avoid) evitar, sortear.
a to get around to vi encontrar tiem
po para.
get
a to get away vi escaparse, irse.
P vt sep alejar, quitar, sacar.
a to get away with vt insep salir impu
ne de.
a to get back vi 1 (return) volver, re
gresar. 2 (move backwards) moverse
hacia atrs, retroceder.
P vt sep (recover) recuperar: did you get your
money back? te devolvieron el dinero?
a to get behind vi atrasarse.
a to get by vi 1 (manage) arreglrselas.
2 (pass) pasar.
a to get down vt sep 1 (depress) deprimir,
desanimar. 2 (gen) bajar. 3 (write down)
apuntar, anotar. 4 (swallow) tragar. G
P vi (descend) bajarse.
a to get down to vi ponerse a.
a to get in vi 1 (arrive) llegar. 2 (enter) en
trar; (car) subir; (be elected) ser elegido,-a.
P vt sep 1 (insert) meter. 2 (harvest) cose
char; (washing) recoger; (supplies) com
prar. 3 (summon) llamar.
a to get into vt insep 1 (arrive) llegar a.
2 (enter) entrar en; (car) subir a.
a to get off vt sep (remove) quitarse.
P vt insep (vehicle, horse, etc) bajarse de.
P vi 1 bajarse. 2 (leave) salir. 3 (begin) co
menzar. 4 (escape) escaparse.
a to get off with vt insep fam ligar con.
a to get on vt insep (vehicle) subir a, su
birse a; (bicycle, horse, etc) montar a.
P vi 1 (make progress) progresar, avan
zar, ir. 2 (succeed) tener xito. 3 (be
friendly) llevarse bien, avenirse, enten
derse. 4 (continue) seguir, continuar. 5
(grow old) hacerse mayor, envejecerse.
a to get out vt sep (thing) sacar; (stain)
quitar.
P vi 1 (leave) salir. 2 (of car, etc) bajar de,
bajarse de. 3 (escape) escapar(se). 4
(news, rumours, etc) llegar a saberse, ha
cerse pblico,-a.
a to get out of vt insep (avoid) librarse de.
P vi (stop) dejar, perder la costumbre.
a to get over vt insep 1 (illness) recupe
rarse de. 2 (recover from) sobreponerse
a; (forget) olvidar. 3 (obstacle) salvar;
(difficulty) vencer.
P vt sep (idea, etc) comunicar, hacer
comprender.
a to get over with vt sep acabar con.
getaway
a to get round vt insep 1 (obstacle) sal
var. 2 (law, regulation) evitar, soslayar.
3 (person) convencer, persuadir.
P vi (news) difundirse, hacerse pbli
co,-a, llegar a saber.
a to get through vi 1 (gen) llegar. 2 (on
phone) conseguir hablar (to, con). 3
(communicate) hacerse comprender
(to, a).
P vt insep 1 (finish) acabar, terminar. 2
(consume) consumir; (money) gastar;
(drink) beber. 3 (exam) aprobar.
a to get together vi (people) reunirse,
juntarse.
P vt sep 1 (people) juntar, reunir. 2 (assem-
ble) montar; (money) recoger, reunir.
a to get up vi 1 (rise) levantarse; (climb
up) subir. 2 (become stronger - wind, storm)
levantarse.
a to get up to vt insep 1 hacer: what
have you been getting up to? qu has esta
do haciendo? 2 (reach) llegar a.
pt got [got], pp got [got] (us gotten
[gotn]), ger getting.
getaway [getweI] n fam fuga, huida.
get-together [gettgeDr] n fam (meet-
ing) reunin f; (party) fiesta.
getup [getp] n fam atavo, atuendo.
geyser [gizr, us gaIzr] n 1 (natural
spring) giser m. 2 (water heater) calenta
dor m de agua.
ghastly [gAstlI] adj 1 espantoso,-a,
horrible, horroroso,-a. 2 (pale) pli
do,-a, mortecino,-a.
comp ghastlier, superl ghastliest.
gherkin [gkIn] n pepinillo.
ghetto [getU] n gueto.
pl ghettos o ghettoes.
ghost [gUst] n fantasma m, espectro.
c o m p ghost train tren m de la bruja.
ghostwrite [gUstraIt] vt (literature) ha
cer de negro, escribir para otro.
giant [dZaInt] n gigante,-a.
P adj gigante, gigantesco,-a.
gibberish [dZIbrIS] n galimatas m.
Gibraltar [dZIbrltr] n Gibraltar m.
Gibraltarian [dZIbrlterIn] adj gi
braltareo,-a.
giddy [gIdI] adj (dizzy) mareado,-a.
comp giddier, superl giddiest.
162
gift [gIft] n 1 (present) regalo, obsequio. 2
(talent) don m. 3 rel ofrenda. 4 jur dona
cin f. c o m p gift shop tienda de regalos.
gifted [gIftId] adj dotado,-a.
gigabyte [gIgbaIt] n (giga)byte m.
gigantic [dZaIgQntIk] adj gigantesco,-a.
giggle [gIgl] n 1 risita, risa tonta. 2 gb
fam broma, diversin f.
gild [gIld] vt dorar.
gill [gIl] n (of fish) agalla, branquia.
gilt [gIlt] adj dorado,-a.
P n dorado.
gin [dZIn] n ginebra.
ginger [dZIndZr] n (spice) jengibre m.
P adj (hair) rojo,-a; (person) pelirrojo,-a.
to ginger up vt sep animar, estimular.
a
gingerbread [dZIndZbred] n pan m de
jengibre.
gipsy [dZIpsI] n gitano,-a.
pl gipsies.
giraffe [dZIrAf] n jirafa.
girdle [gdl] n 1 (clothes) faja. 2 fig cin
turn m.
P vt fig rodear.
girl [gl] n 1 chica, muchacha, joven f;
(small) nia. 2 (daughter) hija.
girlfriend [glfrend] n 1 (partner) novia.
2 (friend) amiga, compaera.
girlish [glIS] adj (of girl) de nia; (effemi-
nate) afeminado,-a.
giro [dZaIrU] n gb giro.
pl giros.
gist [dZIst] n (general idea) idea general,
sentido general; (fundamental idea) lo
esencial.
give [gIv] n (flexibility) elasticidad f, flexi
bilidad f.
P vt 1 (gen) dar, entregar. 2 (as a gift) dar,
regalar: he gave her a dress le regal un
vestido. 3 (perform a concert, etc) dar;
(speech) pronunciar. 4 (dedicate) dedicar,
consagrar. l o c to give way ceder el pa
so.
P vi (yield) ceder; (cloth, elastic) dar de s.
a to give away vt sep 1 (gen) distribuir,
repartir; (present) regalar; (prize) entre
gar. 2 (betray) delatar, traicionar; (dis-
close) revelar, descubrir.
a to give back vt sep (return) devolver.

a to give in vi (admit defeat) darse por
vencido,-a, rendirse; (yield) ceder.
P vt sep (hand in) entregar.
a to give off vt sep (smell, heat, etc) des
pedir, desprender, emitir.
a to give onto vi dar a.
a to give over vt sep (hand over) entre
gar; (allocate) dedicar, asignar.
P vi fam (stop) dejar de.
a to give up vt sep 1 (renounce) dejar;
(idea) abandonar, renunciar a. 2 (de-
vote) dedicar. 3 (surrender) entregarse.
P vi (admit defeat) darse por vencido,-a,
rendirse.
a to give up on vt insep abandonar,
desistir.
pt gave [geIv], pp given [gIvn], ger
giving.
given [gIvn] pp give.
P adj 1 (fixed) dado,-a, determinado,-a.
2 (prone) dado,-a, propenso,-a.
P prep 1 (considering) dado,-a, teniendo
en cuenta. 2 (if) si.
glacial [gleISl] adj 1 geol glaciar. 2 (icy)
glacial.
glacier [glQsIr, gleISr] n geol glaciar m.
glad [glQd] adj (pleased) contento,-a,
alegre; (happy) feliz.
comp gladder, superl gladdest.
gladden [glQdn] vt alegrar.
gladiator [glQdIeItr] n hist gladiador m.
gladly [glQdlI] adv de buena gana, con
mucho gusto.
glamorous [glQmrs] adj 1 atractivo,
-a. 2 (charming) encantador,-ra.
glamour [glQmr] n 1 atractivo. 2
(charm) encanto.
glance [glAns] n vistazo, ojeada.
P vi echar un vistazo (at, a).
gland [glQnd] n anat glndula.
glare [gler] n 1 (light) luz f deslumbran
te. 2 auto deslumbramiento. 3 (look)
mirada furiosa, mirada hostil.
P vi 1 (dazzle) deslumbrar. 2 (look) lan
zar una mirada furiosa.
glass [glAs] n 1 (material) vidrio, cristal
m. 2 (for drinking) vaso; (with stem) copa.
3 gb barmetro.
pl glasses.
163 glorious
Pn pl glasses gafas fpl, lentes mpl. c o m p
sun glasses lentes de sol.
glassware [glAswer] n cristalera.
glaze [gleIz] n (for pottery) vidriado; (lus-
tre) brillo, lustre m; (varnish) barniz m,
esmalte m.
P vt 1 (pottery) vidriar, esmaltar. 2 (win-
dows) poner cristales a. 3 culin glasear.
gleam [glim] n 1 destello, rayo. 2 fig
rayo, resquicio, vislumbre m.
P vi brillar, destellar, relucir.
glean [glin] vt 1 agr espigar. 2 fig reco
ger, cosechar.
G
glide [glaId] n 1 deslizamiento. 2 av
planeo, vuelo sin motor. 3 ling semi
vocal f.
P vi 1 deslizarse. 2 av planear.
glider [glaIdr] n av planeador m.
glimmer [glImr] n (light) luz f tenue.
P vi brillar con luz tenue.
glimpse [glImps] n visin f fugaz.
P vt vislumbrar, entrever.
glisten [glIsn] vi brillar, relucir.
glitter [glItr] n brillo.
P vi brillar, relucir.
global [glUbl] adj 1 mundial. 2 (total)
global. c o m p global warming calenta
miento global.
globalization [glUzblaIzeISn] n glo
balizacin f.
globe [glUb] n 1 (object) globo, esfera.
2 (the Earth) Tierra
, Globe no significa globo (de nio),
que se traduce por balloon.
globe-trotter [glUbtrtr] n fam trota
mundos mf.
globule [glbjUl] n glbulo.
gloom [glUm] n 1 (darkness) penumbra f.
2 (sadness) tristeza, melancola. 3 (hope-
lessness) desolacin f, pesimismo.
gloomy [glUmI] adj 1 (dark) lbrego,-a,
oscuro,-a, tenebroso,-a. 2 (sad)
melanclico,-a, triste; (depressing) depri
mente. 3 (pessimistic) pesimista. 4 (weath-
er) gris, encapotado,-a.
comp gloomier, superl gloomiest.
glorious [glrIs] adj 1 glorioso,-a. 2
(wonderful) esplndido,-a, magnfico,-a.
 glory
glory [glrI] n 1 (gen) gloria. 2 fig es
plendor m.
pl glories.
gloss [gls] n 1 lustre m, brillo. 2 (expla-
nation) glosa. 3 fig oropel m.
P vt (text) glosar, comentar.
a to gloss over vt insep (play down) pa
liar, suavizar; (hide) encubrir; (ignore)
pasar por alto.
glossary [glsrI] n glosario.
pl glossaries.
glove [glv] n guante m. c o m p glove
compartment guantera.
glow [glU] n 1 (of lamp) luz f; (of jewel)
brillo. 2 (of fire) calor m vivo; (of sky)
arrebol m; (of fire, metal, etc) incandes
cencia. 3 (of face) rubor m. 4 fig sensa
cin f de bienestar, satisfaccin f.
P vi 1 (jewel, sun, etc) brillar; (of metal) es
tar al rojo vivo; (fire) arder. 2 fig rebo
sar de.
glucose [glUkUz] n glucosa.
glue [glU] n cola, pegamento.
P vt encolar, pegar.
gluten [glUtn] n gluten m.
gluteal [glUtl] adj glteo,-a.
gluteus [glUtIs] n glteo.
glutton [gltn] n glotn,-ona.
glycerine [glIsrIn] n glicerina.
GMT [dZiemdi] abbr (Greenwich Mean
Time) hora media de Greenwich; (ab-
breviation) GMT.
gnat [nQt] n zool mosquito.
gnaw [n] vt 1 (bite) roer. 2 fig (worry)
corroer.
gnome [nUm] n gnomo.
GNP [dZienpi] abbr (gross national
product) producto nacional bruto;
(abbreviation) PNB m.
gnu [nU] n u m.
go [gU] n 1 (energy) energa, empuje m.
2 (turn) turno: its my go me toca a m. 3
(try) intento: Id like to have a go at hang
gliding me gustara intentar vuelo con ala
delta. 4 (start) principio.
P vi 1 (gen) ir: to go on holiday irse de vaca
ciones. 2 (leave) marcharse, irse; (bus,
train, etc) salir: lets go! vmonos. 3 (vanish)
desaparecer. 4 (function) funcionar, mar
char: his business is going very well su nego
164
cio marcha muy bien. 5 (become) volverse,
ponerse, quedarse: to go deaf quedarse
sordo,-a. 6 (fit) entrar, caber: the bed wont
go into the room la cama no cabr en la ha
bitacin. 7 (break) romperse, estropear
se; (yield) ceder; (blow) fundirse. 8 (pro-
gress) ir, marchar, andar: things arent
going too well for him no le van muy bien las
cosas. 9 (be available) quedar, haber: is
there any more meat going? queda algo de
carne?. 10 (make a noise, gesture, etc) hacer:
go like this with your head haz as con la ca
beza. 11 (time - pass) pasar; (- be remaining)
faltar: the years went by slowly los aos pa
saron lentamente; only two weeks to go solo
faltan dos semanas. 16 (say) decir: as the
saying goes segn el dicho.
P vt 1 (make a noise) hacer: it goes tick-tock
hace tic-tac. 2 (travel) hacer, recorrer.
P interj go! (starting races) ya!: ready, steady,
go! preparados, listos, ya!.
a to go after vt insep (pursue) perseguir,
andar tras.
a to go ahead vi (proceed) proceder: go
ahead! adelante!.
a to go along with vt insep estar de
acuerdo con.
a to go around vi to go round.
a to go away vi marcharse.
to go back vi (return) volver, regresar;
a
(date from) datar de, remontarse a.
a to go back on vt insep (break) romper,
no cumplir.
a to go by vi (time) pasar.
P vt insep (rules) atenerse a, seguir; (in-
stinct) dejarse llevar por; (appearances)
juzgar por.
a to go down vi 1 (gen) bajar; (tyre) des
hincharse; (sun) ponerse; (ship) hun
dirse. 2 (be received) ser acogido,-a.
a to go for vt insep 1 (attack) atacar. 2
(fetch) ir a buscar. 3 fam (like) gustar.
4 fam (be valid) valer para.
a to go in vi entrar.
a to go in for vt insep (enter - race, compe-
tition) participar en; (- exam) presen
tarse a; (- career) dedicarse a; (like,
agree with) ser partidario,-a de.
a to go into vt insep 1 (gen) entrar en.
2 (investigate) investigar. 3 (crash) cho
car contra.

a to go off vi 1 (leave) marcharse. 2
(bomb) estallar; (alarm) sonar; (gun) dis
pararse. 3 (food) estropearse, pasar
se; (milk) cortarse. 4 (stop operating)
apagarse.
P vt insep (stop liking) perder el gusto por,
perder el inters por.
a to go on vi 1 (continue) seguir, conti
nuar. 2 (happen) pasar, ocurrir: whats
going on? qu pasa?. 3 (complain) que
jarse (about, de); (talk at length) hablar
sin parar. 4 (light, etc) encenderse. 5
(age) estar a punto de cumplir: shes
ten going on eleven est a punto de cum
plir los once aos.
a to go out vi 1 (leave) salir: he goes out
a lot sale mucho. 2 (fire, light) apagarse.
a to go over vt insep (check, revise) revi
sar, repasar.
a to go over to vt insep 1 (betray) pasar
se a. 2 (change to) cambiar a, pasar a.
a to go round vi 1 (gyrate) dar vueltas,
girar. 2 (visit) pasar por casa de, visitar.
a to go through vt insep 1 (undergo) pa
sar por, sufrir, padecer. 2 (examine)
examinar; (search) registrar; (spend)
gastar; (explain) explicar.
P vi (act, law) ser aprobado,-a.
a to go through with vt insep llevar a
cabo.
a to go under vi 1 (ship) hundirse. 2
fig fracasar.
a to go up vi 1 (gen) subir; (approach)
acercarse. 2 (curtain in theatre) levantar
se. 3 (explode) estallar; (burst into flames)
prenderse fuego.
pt went [went], pp gone [gn], ger
going.
goal [gUl] n 1 sp (area) meta, portera. 2
sp (point) gol m, tanto. 3 (aim) fin m, ob
jetivo, meta.
goalkeeper [gUlkipr] n portero,-a,
guardameta mf.
goat [gUt] n (female) cabra; (male) ma
cho cabro.
goatee [gUti] n (beard) perilla.
gobble [gbl] vt engullir, zamparse.
god [gd] n (deity, idol) dios m.
Pn God Dios m.
godchild [gdtSaIld] n ahijado,-a.
pl godchildren [gdtSIldrn].
165 goodbye
goddaughter [gddt ] n ahijada.
r
goddess [gds] n diosa.
godfather [gdfADr] n padrino.
godmother [gdmDr] n madrina.
godparents [gdpernts] n pl padri
nos mpl.
godsend [gdsend] n regalo llovido
del cielo.
godson [gdsn] n ahijado.
goggle [ggl] vi quedarse atnito,-a.
goggles [gglz] n pl gafas fpl protec
toras.
going [gUIN] n 1 (departure) ida, salida.
2 (pace) paso, ritmo. 3 (path, road) esta G
do del camino.
P adj 1 (price, rate) actual, corriente. 2
(business) que marcha bien.
gold [gUld] n (metal) oro.
P adj 1 (colour) dorado,-a. 2 (made of gold)
de oro.
golden [gUldn] adj 1 de oro. 2 (colour)
dorado,-a. 3 (hair) rubio,-a.
goldfinch [gUldfIntS] n jilguero.
goldfish [gUldfIS] n pez m de colores.
pl goldfish [gUldfIS].
goldsmith [gUldsmIT] n orfebre mf.
golf [glf] n golf m.
jugar al golf. c o m p golf course cam
P vi
po de golf.
golfer [glfr] n jugador,-ra de golf.
gone [gn] pp go.
P adj 1 (time) pasado,-a. 2 (dead)
muerto,-a.
gong [gN] n 1 gong m. 2 fam fig (award,
prize) galardn m.
good [gUd] adj 1 bueno,-a; (before m sing
noun) buen. 2 (healthy) sano,-a. 3 (kind)
amable. 4 (useful) servible. l o c for good
para siempre. c o m p Good Friday Vier
nes m Santo.
comp better, superl best.
P n bien m: its for your own good es por tu
propio bien.
Pn pl goods (property) bienes mpl; comm
(in shop) gnero m sing, artculos mpl;
comm (merchandise) mercancas fpl.
goodbye [gUdbaI] [also written good-
bye] n adis m.
P interj adis!
good-for-nothing
good-for-nothing [gUdfnTIN] n
golfo.
good-hearted [gUdhAtId] adj de buen
corazn.
good-humoured [gUdhjUmd] adj de
buen humor, campechano,-a.
good-looking [gUdlUkIN] adj guapo,-a,
bien parecido,-a.
good-natured [gUdneItSd] adj
bondadoso,-a.
goodness [gUdns] n 1 (virtue) bondad
f. 2 (in food) lo nutritivo.
goodwill [gUdwIl] n buena voluntad f.
goose [gUs] n ganso, oca.
pl geese.
gooseberry [gUzbrI, gUsbrI] n 1 bot
grosella espinosa. 2 gb fam fig (person)
carabina.
pl gooseberries.
gooseflesh [gUsfleS] n piel f de gallina.
gore1 [gr] n sangre f derramada.
gore2 [gr] vt dar una cornada a.
gorge [gdZ] n (mountain pass) desfila
dero; (ravine) barranco.
gorgeous [gdZs] adj 1 magnfico,-a,
esplndido,-a. 2 (person) guapsimo,-a.
P n fam guapo,-a.
gorilla [grIl] n zool gorila m.
go-slow [gUslU] n huelga de celo.
gospel [gspl] n 1 rel evangelio. 2 mus
msica gospel.
gossip [gsIp] n 1 (talk) cotilleo, chis
morreo. 2 (person) cotilla mf, chismo
so,-a. c o m p gossip column crnica de
sociedad.
P vi cotillear, chismorrear.
got [gt] pt & pp get.
Gothic [gTIk] adj 1 godo,-a. 2 (language,
architecture, type) gtico,-a.
gotten [gtn] pp us get.
gourmet [gUmeI] n gastrnomo,-a,
gurmet mf.
govern [gvn] vt 1 gobernar, dirigir. 2
ling regir. 3 (determine) dictar.
P vi 1 gobernar. 2 (predominate) predo
minar, prevalecer.
government [gvnmnt] n gobierno.
166
P adj1 (of government) del gobierno, gu
bernamental. 2 (of a governor) del go
bernador.
governmental [gvnmentl] adj gu
bernamental.
governor [gvnr] n 1 (town, state, bank)
gobernador,-ra. 2 (prison) director,-ra.
3 (school) administrador,-ra. 4 gb fam
(employer) jefe m.
gown [gaUn] n 1 vestido largo. 2 (judges,
academics) toga. 3 (surgeons) bata.
GP [dZipi] abbr (general practitioner)
mdico,-a de cabecera.
pl GPs.
grab [grQb] vt 1 (seize, snatch) coger, aga
rrar, asir. 2 (capture, arrest) pillar, atra
par. 3 fam entusiasmar.
pt & pp grabbed, ger grabbing.
grace [greIs] n 1 gracia, elegancia. 2
(deportment) garbo. 3 (courtesy) delicade
za, cortesa. 4 (blessing) bendicin f. 5
rel gracia. 6 (delay) plazo.
P vt 1 (adorn) adornar. 2 (honour) honrar.
, Grace no significa gracia (chiste),
que se traduce por joke.
gracious [greISs] adj 1 gracioso,-a. 2
(polite) corts. 3 (kind) amable. 4 (benevo-
lent) benvolo,-a.
P interj Dios mo!.
, Gracious no significa gracioso (di
vertido), que se traduce por funny.
grade [greId] n 1 (degree, level) grado. 2
(quality) calidad f. 3 (class, category) clase f,
categora. 4 (rank) rango, grado. 5
(mark) nota. 6 us (gradient) pendiente f.
7 us (form) clase f.
P vt 1 (sort, classify) clasificar. 2 (road) ni
velar. 3 (student) calificar, poner una
nota. 4 (colours) degradar.
a to grade up vt sep subir de catego
ra.
a to grade down vt sep bajar de cate
gora.
gradual [grQdjUl] adj gradual.
graduate [(n) grQdjUt; (vb) grQdjUeIt]
n educ (after 3-year course) diplomado,-a;
(after 5-year course) licenciado,-a.
P vt (grade, classify) graduar.

P vi (after 3-year course) diplomarse (in,
en); (after 5-year course) licenciarse (in, en).
graduation [grQdjUeISn] n 1 educ gra
duacin f. 2 tech graduacin f.
graft [grAft] n (of plant, tissue) injerto.
P vt injertar (onto, en).
grain [greIn] n 1 (gen) grano. 2 (cereals)
cereales mpl. 3 (in wood) veta, fibra; (in
stone) filn m, veta; (of leather) flor f.
P vt (give granular texture) granular.
grammar [grQmr] n gramtica. l o c
grammar school instituto de ensean
za media.
gramme [grQm] n gramo.
granary [grQnrI] n granero.
pl granaries.
grand [grQnd] adj 1 (splendid) grandio
so,-a, esplndido,-a, magnfico,-a. 2
(impressive) impresionante. 3 (important -
person) distinguido,-a, importante. 4
fam (great) fenomenal. c o m p grand pi
ano piano de cola.
grandchild [grQntSaIld] n nieto,-a.
pl grandchildren [grntSIldrn].
granddad [grQndQd] n fam abuelo.
granddaughter [grQndtr] n nieta.
grandfather [grQndfADr] n abuelo.
grandma [grQnmA] n fam abuela.
grandmother [grQnmDr] n abuela.
grandpa [grQmpA] n fam abuelo.
grandparents [grQndpernts] n pl
abuelos mpl.
grandson [grQndsn] n nieto.
granite [grQnIt] n granito.
P adj de granito.
granny [grQnI] n fam abuela.
pl grannies.
grant [grAnt] n 1 educ beca. 2 (subsidy)
subvencin f. 3 jur (rights, property) ce
sin f.
P vt 1 conceder, otorgar. 2 jur ceder,
transferir. l o c to take sth for granted
dar algo por sentado.
granule [grQnjUl] n grnulo.
grape [greIp] n uva.
grapefruit [greIpfrUt] n pomelo.
pl grapefruits o grapefruit.
grapevine [greIpvaIn] n (gen) parra;
(vine) vid f.
167 greasy
graph [grAf] n grfica, grfico. comp
graph paper papel cuadriculado.
graphic [grQfIk] adj 1 (gen) grfico,-a. 2
(vivid) muy grfico,-a, vvido,-a.
graphite [grQfaIt] n grafito.
grasp [grAsp]vt 1 (seize - with hands) aga
rrar, asir; (opportunity, offer) aprovechar.
2 (understand) comprender, captar.
grass [grAs] n (plant) hierba, yerba;
(lawn) csped m; (pasture) pasto; (dried)
paja.
grasshopper [grAshpr] n saltamon
tes m.
grassy [grAsI] adj cubierto,-a de hierba.
comp grassier, superl grassiest. G
grate1 [greIt] vt 1 culin rallar. 2 (scrape -
gen) rascar; (- teeth) hacer rechinar.
grate2 [greIt] n (metal frame) rejilla; (fire-
place) chimenea.
grateful [greItfUl] adj (person) agradeci
do,-a; (letter, smile) de agradecimiento.
grater [greItr] n rallador m.
gratification [grQtIfIkeISn] n gratifi
cacin f, satisfaccin f, placer m.
gratify [grQtIfaI] vt 1 (satisfy - desire, etc)
satisfacer. 2 (give pleasure to) complacer,
gratificar.
pt & pp gratified, ger gratifying.
gratitude [grQtItjUd] n gratitud f,
agradecimiento.
gratuitous [grtjUIts] adj gratuito,-a.
grave1 [greIv] n tumba, sepultura.
grave2 [greIv] adj 1 (gen) grave. 2 [grAv]
(accent) grave.
gravel [grQvl] n grava, gravilla, guijo.
gravestone [greIvstUn] n lpida.
graveyard [greIvjAd] n cementerio.
gravity [grQvItI] n 1 phys gravedad f. 2
(seriousness) gravedad f; (of person, manner)
gravedad f, circunspeccin f.
gray [greI] adj us grey.
graze1 [greIz] n rasguo, roce m.
graze2 [greIz] vt (sheep, cattle) pastar, pas
torear, apacentar.
grease [gris] n (gen) grasa.
P vt(part of car, machine, device) engrasar.
greasy [grisI] adj 1 (oily - hands)
grasiento,-a. 3 fam pej (smarmy) pelota.
comp greasier, superl greasiest.
 great
great [greIt] adj 1 (gen) grande; (before
sing noun) gran. 2 fam (excellent, wonderful)
estupendo,-a, fantstico,-a, sensa
cional, fabuloso,-a.
P adv fam muy bien, estupendamen
te, fenomenal.
great-grandchild [greItgrQntSaIld] n
bisnieto,-a, biznieto,-a.
pl great-grandchildren [greItgrntSIl-
drn].
great-grandfather [greItgrQndfADr]
n bisabuelo.
great-grandmother [greItgrQnmDr]
n bisabuela.
Greece [gris] n Grecia.
greed [grid] n 1 (for money, power) codicia,
avaricia. 2 (for food) gula, glotonera.
greedy [gridI] adj 1 (for money, power)
codicioso,-a. 2 (for food) glotn,-ona.
comp greedier, superl greediest.
Greek [grik] adj griego,-a.
P n 1 (person) griego,-a. 2 (language)
griego.
green [grin] adj 1 (colour) verde. 2 (envi-
ronment friendly) ecolgico,-a. 4 (pale)
plido,-a. 5 (inexperienced) novato,-a,
verde; (gullible) ingenuo,-a, crdulo,-a.
6 (jealous) envidioso,-a.
P n 1 (colour) verde m. 2 (stretch of grass)
csped m; (in golf) green m; (in village)
csped pblico .
P n pl greens (vegetables) verduras fpl.
P n pl the Greens pol los verdes mpl.
greenfly [grinflaI] n pulgn m.
pl greenflies.
greengrocer [gringrUsr] n verdulero,
-a. loc greengrocers (shop) verdulera.
greenhouse [grinhaUs] n invernade
ro. c o m p greenhouse effect efecto in
vernadero.
Greenland [grinlnd] n Groenlandia.
Greenlander [grinlndr] n groen
lands,-esa.
greet [grit] vt 1 (wave at, say hello to) salu
dar; (welcome) dar la bienvenida a; (re-
ceive) recibir. 2 (react) acoger, recibir. 3
fig (meet) llegar, presentarse.
greeting [gritIN] n saludo.
P n pl greetings saludos mpl, recuerdos
mpl.
168
gregarious [gregerIs] adj gregario,-a,
sociable.
gremlin [gremlIn] n duende m.
Grenada [grneId] n Granada.
grenade [grneId] n granada.
grew [grU] pt grow.
grey [greI] adj 1 (colour) gris; (hair) cano,-a;
(sky) nublado,-a, gris. 2 (gloomy) triste, gris.
P n 1 (colour) gris m. 2 (horse) caballo tor
do. l o c to go grey encanecer.
greyhound [greIhaUnd] n galgo.
grid [grId] n 1 (grating) reja, parrilla, reji
lla. 2 elec (network) red f nacional de ten
dido elctrico. 3 (on map) cuadrcula.
griddle [grIdl] n culin plancha.
grief [grif] n dolor m, pena.
grieve [griv] vt afligir, apenar, dar pe
na a, entristecer.
P vi apenarse, afligirse.
grill [grIl] n culin (over cooker) gratinador
m, grill m; (on charcoal) parrilla. 4 grille.
grille [grIl] n reja.
grim [grIm] adj 1 (serious) austero,-a,
severo,-a; (look) ceudo,-a. 2 (unpleas-
ant) horroroso,-a, pesimista; (- prospect,
outlook) nefasto,-a, desalentador,-ra;
(- reality) crudo,-a, duro,-a. 3 (gloomy -
landscape, place) lgubre, sombro,-a.
comp grimmer, superl grimmest.
grimace [grIms] n mueca.
grin [grIn] n (genuine) sonrisa (abierta);
(mocking) sonrisa burlona.
P vi sonrer (abiertamente).
pt & pp grinned, ger grinning.
grind [graInd] vt 1 (mill) moler; (crush)
machacar, triturar; (lens, mirror) pulir;
(knife, blade) afilar. 2 us (mince - beef) pi
car. 3 (teeth) rechinar. 4 (press down hard
on) incrustar, aplastar; (press in) meter.
P vi 1 (crush) triturarse. 2 (make harsh
noise) rechinar. 3 us (swot) empollar.
pt & pp ground [graUnd].
P n 1 fam (work) trabajo pesado; (effort)
paliza. 2 us fam (swot) empolln,-ona.
to grind down vt sep oprimir.
a
to grind out vt sep (music) tocar.
a
grinder [graIndr] n (machine - for coffee)
molinillo; (person - for knives, etc)
afilador,-ra.

grindstone [graInstUn] n muela, pie
dra de afilar.
gringo [grINgU] n pej gringo,-a.
pl gringos.
grip [grIp] n 1 (tight hold) asimiento. 2 (of
tyre) adherencia, agarre m. 3 fig (control,
force) control m, dominio. 4 sp (way of
holding) la forma en que uno coge la
raqueta, etc; (part of handle) asidero,
empuadura. 5 (hairgrip) horquilla.
P vt 1 (hold tightly - gen) agarrar, asir, suje
tar. 2 (adhere to) tener agarre, agarrarse,
adherirse. 3 fig (film, story, play) captar el
inters de, captar la atencin de.
P vi adherirse.
pt & pp gripped, ger gripping.
grit [grIt] n 1 (fine) arena; (coarse) gravilla;
(dirt) polvo. 2 fam (determination) valor m,
agallas fpl.
grizzly [grIzlI] [also grizzly bear] n oso
pardo.
groan [grUn] n 1 gemido, quejido. 2
(creak) crujido.
P vi 1 (in pain) gemir, quejarse; (with dis-
approval) gruir. 2 (creak) crujir.
grocer [grUsr] n tendero,-a. c o m p gro grouper [grUpr] n mero.
cers (shop) tienda de comestibles.
groceries [grUsrIz] n pl comestibles mpl.
grocery [grUsrI] n us tienda de ultra
marinos, tienda de comestibles.
pl groceries.
groggy [grgI] adj fam grogui.
comp groggier, superl groggiest.
groin [grIn] n anat ingle f.
groom [grUm] n 1 (bridegroom) novio. 2
(for horses) mozo de cuadra.
. Se usa para referirse al novio slo du
rante el da de la boda. Es la forma abre
viada de bridegroom.
groove [grUv] n 1 (gen) ranura; (for door)
gua; (in column) acanaladura. 2 (on re-
cord) surco.
groovy [grUvI] adj fam guay, genial.
comp groovier, superl grooviest.
grope [grUp] vi andar a tientas.
gross [grUs] adj 1 (flagrant - injustice) fla
grante; (- ignorance) craso,-a; (- error)
grave. 2 (fat) muy gordo,-a, obeso,-a.
169 grown-up
3 (behaviour, manners) grosero,-a, tos
co,-a; (- language) soez; (disgusting) as
queroso,-a. 4 fin (total) bruto,-a.
P vt (person) obtener unos ingresos
brutos de; (film, etc) recaudar.
grotesque [grUtesk] adj grotesco,-a.
grotto [grtU] n gruta.
pl grottoes o grottos.
ground1 [graUnd] n 1 (surface of earth) sue
lo; (soil, earth) tierra; (terrain, land) campo,
terreno. 2 us (electrical) tierra. 3 art (back-
ground) fondo. 4 (matter, subject) aspecto,
punto. c o m p ground floor planta baja.
P n pl grounds (reason, justification) razn f,
G
motivo; (of coffee) poso, posos mpl; (gar-
dens) jardines mpl; (area of land) terreno.
ground2 [graUnd] pt & pp grind.
P adj 1 (coffee) molido,-a. 2 us (beef)
picado,-a.
grounding [graUndIN] n base f, conoci
mientos mpl.
groundwork [graUndwk] n trabajo
preliminar, trabajo preparatorio.
group [grUp] n grupo.
P vt agrupar.
groupie [grUpI] n fam grupi mf.
grow [grU] vi 1 (gen) crecer. 2 (increase)
aumentar. 3 (become) hacerse, volver
se. 4 (begin gradually) llegar a. l o c to
grow old envejecer.
P vt 1 (crop, plant, flower) cultivar. 2 (beard,
etc) dejarse (crecer); (hair, nails) dejarse
crecer.
a to grow into vt insep (become) conver
tirse en, hacerse.
a to grow on vt insep llegar a gustar.
a to grow up vi 1 (become adult) hacer
se mayor; (spend childhood) criarse,
crecer. 2 (spring up) surgir, nacer, de
sarrollarse.
pt grew [gru], pp grown [grUn].
grower [grUr] n (farmer) cultivador,-ra.
growl [graUl] n gruido.
P vi gruir.
grown [grUn] pp grow.
P adj adulto,-a.
grown-up [grUnp] adj mayor,
adulto,-a.
P n persona mayor.
 growth
growth [grUT] n 1 (gen) crecimiento;
(increase) aumento; (development) desa
rrollo. 2 med (tumour) bulto, tumor m. 3
(of beard) barba.
grub [grb] n (larva) larva, gusano.
P vi 1 (by digging) escarbar, hurgar. 2 fig
rebuscar.
pt & pp grubbed, ger grubbing.
grudge [grdZ] n rencor m.
P vt 1 (begrudge, resent) dar a regaadien
tes, dar de mala gana. 2 (envy) envidiar.
grumble [grmbl] n 1 (complaint) queja.
2 (of thunder) estruendo.
P vi 1 (moan, complain) refunfuar, que
jarse (about, de). 2 (rumble - thunder) re
tumbar; (- stomach) hacer ruido.
grumpy [grmpI] adj grun,-ona,
malhumorado,-a, de mal humor.
comp grumpier, superl grumpiest.
grunge [grndZ] n mus grunge m.
grunt [grnt] n gruido.
P vi gruir.
guarantee [gQrnti] n (gen) garanta;
(certificate) certificado de garanta.
P vt 1 (gen) garantizar; (assure, promise)
asegurar. 2 (debt) avalar, garantizar.
guard [gAd] n 1 (sentry, soldier) guardia
mf; (security guard) guarda mf, guarda
jurado,-a, guarda de seguridad; (prison
officer) carcelero,-a. 2 (duty) guardia. 3
gb (on train) jefe,-a de tren. 4 (on machine)
dispositivo de seguridad; (on gun) se
guro. l o c to be on guard estar de guar
dia. y to stand guard montar guardia.
P vt 1 (watch over) vigilar; (protect - person,
reputation) proteger; (keep - secret) guar
dar. 2 (control - tongue) cuidar, controlar.
, To guard no significa guardar (en un
sitio), que se traduce por to put away.
guardian [gAdIn] n 1 (defender)
guardin,-ana, defensor,-ra. 2 jur (of
child) tutor,-ra.
guava [gwAv] n (fruit) guayaba.
guess [ges] n (conjecture) conjetura; (esti-
mate) clculo. l o c to have a guess adi
vinar.
P vt 1 (gen) adivinar. 2 us fam (suppose)
suponer, pensar, creer.
P vi adivinar.
170
guesswork [geswk] n conjeturas fpl,
suposiciones fpl.
guest [gest] n 1 (at home, restaurant, etc)
invitado,-a; (in hotel) cliente,-a, hus
ped,-da.2 (on TV programme) invitado,-a.
guesthouse [gesthaUs] n casa de hus
pedes, pensin f.
guestroom [gestrUm] n cuarto de
(los) invitados.
Guiana [gaIQn, gIAn] n Guayana.
guidance [gaIdns] n (help, advice) orien
tacin f, consejos mpl.
guide [gaId] n 1 (person) gua mf. 2 (book)
gua. 3 (indicator) gua, modelo. c o m p
guide dog perro lazarillo.
P vt 1 (show the way) guiar; (lead) conducir.
2 (advise, influence) orientar, aconsejar.
guidebook [gaIdbUk] n gua.
guideline [gaIdlaIn] n pauta, directriz f.
guiding [gaIdIN] adj que gua, que sir
ve de gua.
guild [gIld] n (of workers) gremio; (associa-
tion) asociacin f, agrupacin f.
guillotine [gIltin] n guillotina.
P vt (person, paper) guillotinar.
guilt [gIlt] n 1 jur culpabilidad f. 2
(blame) culpa; (remorse) remordimiento.
guilty [gIltI] adj culpable (of, de). l o c to
find sb guilty declarar culpable a algn.
comp guiltier, superl guiltiest.
Guinea [gInI] n Guinea. c o m p Equatori
al Guinea Guinea Ecuatorial. y New
Guinea Nueva Guinea.
guinea [gInI] n (coin) guinea. c o m p guinea
fowl gallina de Guinea, pintada. y guin
ea pig conejillo de Indias, cobaya.
Guinea-Bissau [gInIbIsaU] n Guinea
Bissau.
Guinean [gInIn] adj guineano,-a.
Pn guineano,-a.
guitar [gItAr] n guitarra.
guitarist [gItArIst] n guitarrista mf.
gulf [glf] n 1 geog golfo. 2 fig abismo.
c o m p Gulf of Mexico golfo de Mjico. y
Persian Gulf golfo Prsico. y Gulf Stream
corriente f del Golfo.
gull [gl] n gaviota.
gulley [glI] n gully.
gullible [glIbl] adj crdulo,-a.

gully [glI] n 1 geog (small valley, ravine)
barranco, torrentera. 2 (deep ditch, wa-
terway, channel) surco, cauce m.
pl gullies.
gulp [glp] n (of drink) trago; (of air) boca
nada: he drank his glass in one gulp se bebi
todo el vaso de un trago.
P vt (drink) beberse de un trago
(down, -); (food) engullir (down, -).
P vi (swallow air) tragar aire; (with fear)
tragar saliva.
a to gulp back vt insep tragarse.
gum1 [gm] n anat enca.
gum2 [gm] n 1 (natural substance) goma,
resina. 2 (chewing gum) chicle m. 3 (glue)
goma (de pegar), pegamento.
P vt pegar (con goma).
pt & pp gummed, ger gumming.
gumboil [gmbIl] n absceso m, infla
macin f de las encas
gumboot [gmbUt] n bota de agua.
gumtree [gmtri] n gomero, rbol m
del caucho.
gun [gn] n 1 (gen) arma de fuego; (hand-
gun) pistola, revlver m; (rifle) rifle m,
fusil m; (shotgun) escopeta; (cannon) ca
n m. 2 sp pistola.
gunboat [gnbUt] n (lancha) caonera.
gunfire [gnfaIr] n (gen) fuego, dispa
ros mpl; (shooting) tiroteo; (shellfire) cao
neo, caonazos mpl.
gunman [gnmn] n pistolero.
pl gunmen [gnmn].
gunner [gnr] n artillero.
gunpoint [gnpInt] l o c at gunpoint a
punta de pistola.
gunpowder [gnpaUdr] n plvora.
gunshot [gnSt] n disparo, tiro.
guru [gUrU] n gur m.
gush [gS] n chorro, borbotn m.
P vi 1 (liquid) salir a borbotones. 2 (per-
son) ser efusivo,-a: everyone was gushing
171 gypsy
over her new baby todos se deshacan en
elogios con su nuevo beb.
P vtchorrear, derramar.
gust [gst] n 1 (of wind) rfaga, racha; (of
rain) chaparrn m. 2 fig (of anger) arreba
to: gust of laughter carcajada.
P vi soplar.
gut [gt] n 1 anat intestino. 2 fam (belly)
barriga, tripa.
P n pl guts (entrails) entraas fpl, tripas fpl;
fam (courage) agallas fpl: it takes guts to do
what you did hay que tener agallas para ha
cer lo que hiciste.
gutter [gtr] n (in street) arroyo, cuneta;
(on roof) canal m, canaln m. c o m p gutter G
press prensa amarilla.
guy [gaI] n 1 fam (man) tipo: hes a great
guy es un tipo estupendo; a tough guy un
tipo duro. 2 us fam (person) tipo,-a: come
on you guys venga tipos. c o m p Guy Fawkes
Night Bonfire night.
Guyana [gaIQn] n Guyana, Guayana.
Guyanan [gaIQnn] adj-n Guyanese.
guzzle [gzl] vt fam (eat) zamparse, en
gullirse; (drink) chupar, tragar.
Pvi fam (eat) engullir; (drink) chupar,
tragar.
gym [dZIm] n 1 fam (gymnasium) gimna
sio. 2 (gymnastics) gimnasia.
gymkhana [dZImkAn] n gymkhana.
gymnasium [dZImneIzIm] n gimnasio.
pl gymnasiums o gymnasia [dZImneI-
zI].
gymnast [dZImnQst] n gimnasta mf.
gymnastics [dZImnQstIks] n gimnasia.
gymnosperm [dZImnUspm] n biol
gimnospermo.
gynaecologist [gaInIkldZIst] n gine
clogo,-a.
gypsum [dZIpsm] n yeso.
gypsy [dZIpsI] n gitano,-a.
pl gypsies.
P adj gitano,-a.
 H
H, h [eItS] n (the letter) H, h f.
habit [hQbIt] n 1 (custom) hbito, cos
tumbre f. 2 rel (garment) hbito.
habitable [hQbItbl] adj habitable.
habitat [hQbItQt] n hbitat m.
habitual [hbItSUl] adj 1 (usual) habi
tual. 2 (liar, etc) empedernido,-a.
hack [hQk] vt 1 (cut) cortar. 2 comput
(cut) cortar.
hacker [hQkr] n fam (in computers) pi
rata mf.
had [hQd] pt & pp have.
haddock [hQdk] n (fish) eglefino.
hadnt [hQd] pt have.
haematoma [himtUm] n hema
toma mf.
haemorrhage [hemrIdZ] n hemo
rragia.
haggis [hQgIs] n culin plato tpico escocs
hecho con las asaduras del cordero.
haggle [hQgl] vi regatear (over, -).
hail1 [heIl] n (greeting) saludo; (shout) grito.
P vi 1 (call a taxi) llamar. 2 (acclaim) acla
mar.
hail 2
[heIl] n 1 meteor granizo. 2 fig llu
via.
P vi meteor granizar.
hailstone [heIlstUn] n granizo.
hailstorm [heIlstm] n granizada.
hair [her] n 1 (on head) cabello, pelo. 2
(on body) vello. 3 (horses mane) crin f.
hairbrush [hebrS] n cepillo para el
pelo.
haircut [hekt] n corte m de pelo.
locto have a haircut cortarse el pelo.
hairdresser [hedresr] n peluque
ro,-a. c o m p hairdressers peluquera.
hairdryer [hedraIr] n secador m (de
pelo).
172
hairspray [hespreI] n laca para el pelo.
hairstyle [hestaIl] n peinado.
hairy [herI] adj 1 peludo,-a. 2 fig
(scary) espeluznante, espantoso,-a.
comp hairier, superl hairiest.
Haiti [heItI] n Hait m.
Haitian [heISn] adj haitiano,-a.
Pnhaitiano,-a.
hake [heIk] n (fish) merluza; (young)
pescadilla.
half [hAf] n 1 mitad f: a kilo and a half un
kilo y medio. 2 sp (period) parte f, mitad
f, tiempo. 3 (beer) media pinta.
pl halves.
P adj medio,-a: hes been gone for half an
hour lleva fuera media hora. c o m p half
board media pensin f. y half term
vacaciones que se hacen a mitad de trimestre.
P adv medio, a medias: shes half Spanish
es medio espaola. l o c half past y me
dia: its half past two son las dos y media.
" Half term es una semana de vacacio
nes que los colegios britnicos tienen a
mediados de cada trimestre.
half-day [hAfdeI] n media jornada.
half-mast [hAfmAst] phr at half-mast
a media asta.
half-note [hAfnUt] n us blanca.
half-time [hAftaIm] n sp descanso,
media parte f.
halfway [hAfweI] adj medio,-a, in
termedio,-a.
P adv a medio camino.
hall [hl] n 1 (entrance) vestbulo, en
trada. 2 (for concerts, etc) sala. 3 (mansion)
casa solariega, mansin f. 4 us (corri-
dor) pasillo, corredor m.
hallo [hlU] interj hello.

Halloween [hQlUin] n vspera de
Todos los Santos.
" Halloween es la fiesta de la vspera de
Todos los Santos. Los nios se disfrazan y
van de casa en casa. Cuando les abren la
puerta dicen trick or treat! (truco o
dulce) y la gente les da golosinas.
hallucinate [hlUsIneIt] vi alucinar.
hallway [hlweI] n us vestbulo.
halo [heIlU] n 1 (round moon, etc) halo.
2 rel aureola.
pl haloes o halos.
halogen [hQldZen] n halgeno.
halt [hlt] n 1 alto, parada. 2 (railway)
apeadero.
P vt parar, detener, interrumpir.
halve [hAv] vt 1 (cut in two) partir en
dos. 2 (reduce) reducir a la mitad. 3
(share) compartir. 4 (golf) empatar.
halves [hAvz] n pl half.
ham [hQm] n (food) jamn m.
hamburger [hQmbg r ] n (food)
hamburguesa.
. Lo ms habitual es llamar burger a la
hamburguesa.
hamlet [hQmlt] n aldea.
hammer [hQmr] n 1 (tool, bone) marti
llo. 2 (gun) percutor m.
P vt 1 (gen) martillar, martillear; (nail)
clavar. 2 fam (beat) dar una paliza,
machacar.
hammock [hQmk] n 1 hamaca. 2
mar coy m.
hamster [hQmstr] n zool hmster m.
hand [hQnd] n 1 mano f. 2 (worker)
trabajador,-ra, operario,-a; (sailor)
tripulante mf, marinero,-a. 3 (of clock)
manecilla, aguja. 4 (handwriting) letra.
5 (of cards) mano f, cartas fpl. 6 (ap-
plause) aplauso. l o c at hand a mano,
cerca. y hands up! manos arriba! y on
the one hand por un lado y by hand a
mano y on the other hand por otro la
do y to lend a hand echar una mano.
a to hand back vt sep devolver.
a to hand in vt sep (work, etc) entregar;
(resignation, etc) presentar, notificar.
173 handout
a to hand on vt sep (traditions, etc) trans
mitir, heredar; (give) pasar, dar.
a to hand out vt sep (distribute) repartir,
distribuir; (give - gen) dar; (- punishment)
aplicar.
a to hand over vt sep (give) entregar;
(ones possessions, etc) ceder.
handbag [hQndbQg] n bolso.
handball [hQndbl] n sp balonmano.
handbook [hQndbUk] n (guidebook)
gua; (reference book) manual m.
handbrake [hQndbreIk] n freno de
mano.
handcuff [hQndkf] vt esposar.
P n pl handcuffs esposas fpl.
handful [hQndfUl] n puado.
handicap [hQndIkQp] n 1 (physical)
H
discapacidad f; (mental) deficiencia,
disminucin f psquica. 2 (in sport)
handicap m. 3 fig obstculo.
P vt obstaculizar, impedir.
pt & pp handicapped, ger handicap-
ping.
handicapped [hQndIkQpt] adj 1 (phys-
ically) minusvlido,-a, discapacita
do,-a, disminuido,-a fsico,-a; (men-
tally) disminuido,-a psquico,-a. 2 fig
desfavorecido,-a.
handicraft [hQndIkrAft] n 1 (job, art)
artesana; (objects) objetos mpl de ar
tesana. 2 (manual skill) habilidad f
manual.
handkerchief [hQNktSif] n pauelo.
pl handkerchiefs o handkerchieves.
handle [hQnd l] n 1 (of door) pomo,
manilla. 2 (of drawer) tirador m. 3 (of
cup) asa. 4 (of knife) mango. 5 (lever) pa
lanca. 6 (crank) manivela.
P vt 1 (gen) manejar, manipular. 2
(people) tratar. 3 (tolerate) aguantar. 4
(control) controlar, dominar. 5 (man-
age) poder con, tener la capacidad
para.
handlebar [hQndlbAr] n manillar m.
handmade [hQndmeId] adj hecho,-a
a mano.
handout [hQndaUt] n 1 (leaflet) folleto,
prospecto; (political) octavilla. 2 educ
material m. 3 (press) nota de prensa.
handshake
handshake [hQndSeIk] n apretn m
de manos.
handsome [hQnsm] adj 1 (man)
apuesto, guapo; (woman) bella, gua
pa. 2 (elegant) elegante. 3 (generous)
considerable, generoso,-a.
hands-on [hQndzn] adj (for computers)
prctico,-a.
handstand [hQndstQnd] n loc to do a
handstand hacer el pino.
handwriting [hQndraItIN] n letra, es
critura.
handy [hQndI] adj 1 (person) hbil. 2
(close at hand) a mano, cercano,-a. 3
(useful) prctico,-a, cmodo,-a, til.
comp handier, superl handiest.
handyman [hQndImQn] n manitas mf.
pl handymen [hQndImn].
hang [hQN] vt 1 [pt & pp hung [hN]]
(gen) colgar. 2 [pt & pp hung [hN]] (wall-
paper) colocar. 3 [pt & pp hanged.] jur
ahorcar.
P n (of dress, etc) cada.
a to hang about / hang around vi 1 es
perar. 2 (waste time) perder el tiempo.
P vt insep frecuentar.
a to hang back vi 1 quedarse atrs. 2
fig vacilar.
a to hang down vi colgar, caer.
a to hang on vi 1 (hold tight) agarrarse.
2 (wait) esperar.
a to hang out vt sep (washing) tender.
P vi fam soler estar.
a to hang up vt sep colgar.
hangar [hQNr] n hangar m.
hanger [hQNr] n percha.
hang-glider [hQNglaIdr] n ala delta.
hang-gliding [hQNglaIdIN] n ala m
delta.
hangover [hQNUvr] n 1 (after too much
drinking) resaca. 2 (remains) resto, ves
tigio.
happen [hQpn] vi 1 (occur) ocurrir,
pasar, suceder. 2 (by chance) dar la ca
sualidad de.
happening [hQp nIN] n aconteci
miento.
happily [hQpIlI] adv 1 (in a happy way)
felizmente, con alegra. 2 (luckily)
afortunadamente.
174
happiness [hQpIns] n felicidad f ,
alegra.
happy [hQpI] adj 1 (cheerful) feliz, ale
gre, dichoso,-a, afortunado,-a. 2
(glad) contento,-a, satisfecho,-a. l o c
happy birthday! !feliz cumpleaos!
comp happier, superl happiest.
harass [hQrs] vt 1 acosar, hostigar. 2
(military) hostilizar, hostigar. 3 (worries,
problems) atormentar, agobiar.
harassment [hQrsmnt] n acoso,
hostigamiento.
harbor [hAbr] n us harbour.
harbour [hAbr] n puerto.
P vt 1 (criminal) encubrir. 2 (doubts)
abrigar. 3 (suspicions) tener; (contain,
hide) contener, esconder.
hard [hAd] adj 1 (gen) duro,-a; (solid)
slido,-a. 2 (difficult) difcil. 3 (harsh)
s e v e r o , - a . 4 (work) a r d u o , - a ,
a g o t a d o r, - r a . 5 (final decision)
definitivo,-a, irrevocable; (person)
severo,-a, inflexible. 6 ling fuerte.
l o c hard of hearing duro,-a de odo. y
to work hard trabajar mucho. c o m p
hard court pista dura. y hard disk disco
duro. y hard labour trabajos forzados.
P adv (forcibly) fuerte; (diligently) mucho,
concienzudamente, con ahnco.
harden [hAdn] vt 1 endurecer. 2 fig
insensibilizar.
hardly [hAdlI] adv (scarcely) apenas,
casi; (not easily) difcilmente.
hardness [hAdns] n dureza.
hardware [hAdwer] n 1 (goods) art
culos mpl de ferretera. 2 comput
hardware m, soporte m fsico. c o m p
hardware store ferretera.
hard-working [hAdwkIN] adj
trabajador,-ra.
hare [her] n zool liebre f.
P vi correr muy deprisa.
haricot bean [hQrIkUbin] n alubia,
juda.
harm [hAm] n mal m, dao.
P vt daar, perjudicar. l o c to do sb
harm hacerle dao a algn. y theres
no harm in... no se pierda nada...
harmful [hAmfUl] adj daino,-a, no
civo,-a, perjudicial.

harmless [hAmls] adj inocuo,-a,
inofensivo,-a.
harmonic [hAmnIk] adj armnico,-a.
harmony [hAmnI] n armona.
pl harmonies.
harp [hAp] n mus arpa.
harpist [hApIst] n mus arpista mf.
harpoon [hApUn] n arpn m.
P vt arponear.
harsh [hAS] adj 1 (cruel) cruel, duro,-a,
severo,-a. 2 (sound) discordante. 3
(rough) spero,-a.
harvest [hAvIst] n 1 (gen) cosecha,
siega. 2 (grapes) vendimia.
P vt 1 cosechar, recoger. 2 (grapes)
vendimiar.
harvester [hAvIst r ] n 1 (person)
segador,-ra. 2 (machine) segadora, co
sechadora.
has [hQz] pres have.
haste [heIst] n prisa, precipitacin f.
hasten [heIsn] vi darse prisa.
hastily [heIstIlI] adv (quickly) de prisa.
hat [hQt] n sombrero.
hatch [hQtS] n 1 (on ship) escotilla. 2 (of
chickens, brood) pollada.
P vt 1 (eggs) empollar, incubar. 2 fig
(plot, plan) idear, tramar.
P vi salir del cascarn, salir del huevo.
hate [heIt] n odio.
P vt 1 fam (detest) odiar, detestar, abo
rrecer. 2 fam (regret) lamentar, sentir.
hatred [heItrd] n odio.
haul [hl] n 1 (distance) recorrido, ca
mino. 3 (fish) redada. 4 (loot) botn m.
P vt 1 (drag) tirar de, arrastrar. 2 (boat)
halar; (car, caravan, etc) remolcar.
haunt [hnt] n (of people) sitio preferi
do; (of criminals, animals) guarida.
P vt 1 (frequent - gen) frecuentar; (- ghost)
aparecer en, rondar por. 2 (memory,
thought) obsesionar, perseguir.
haunted [hntId] adj encantado,-a.
have [hQv] vt 1 (gen) tener, poseer. 2
(food) comer, tomar; (drink) beber, to
mar. 3 (treatment) recibir: shes having
physiotherapy acude a fisioterapia. 4 (in-
vite) recibir, invitar. 5 (borrow) pedir
prestado, dejar. 6 (party, meeting) cele
175 hazy
brar, tener, dar. 7 (cause to happen) ha
cer, mandar: he had the house painted
hizo pintar la casa. 8 fam (cheat) timar.
l o c have got tener: hes got two sisters
tiene dos hermanas; we havent got any
sugar no tenemos azcar. y to have
breakfast desayunar. y to have dinner
cenar. y to have just acabar de: I have
just seen him acabo de verlo. y to have
lunch comer, almorzar. y to have a
bath baarse. y to have a shower
ducharse. y to have a swim darse un
bao.
P aux haber: I have seen her la he visto.
a to have on vt sep 1 (wear) llevar
puesto,-a. 2 (tease) tomar el pelo a.
a to have out vt sep (tooth) sacarse; (ap- H
pendix) operarse de.
3rd pers pres sing has [hQz], pt & pp
had [hQd], ger having.
. Have es el verbo auxiliar que se em
plea en ingls para conjugar los tiempos
perfectos.
haven [heIvn] n 1 fig refugio, asilo. 2
(harbour) puerto.
havoc [hQvk] n estragos mpl.
hawk1 [hk] n halcn m.
hawk2 [hk] vt 1 (in the street) vender
en la calle; (door to door) vender de
puerta en puerta. 2 (gossip, news) di
vulgar, pregonar, difundir.
P vi carraspear.
hay [heI] n bot heno. c o m p hay fever
fiebre f del heno.
hazard [hQzd] n 1 (risk) riesgo, peli
gro. 2 (in sports in general) obstculo.
P vt 1 fml arriesgar, poner en peligro.
2 fml (guess, remark) aventurar, atre
verse a hacer.
hazardous [hQzds] adj arriesgado,-a,
peligroso,-a, aventurado,-a.
haze [heIz] n 1 neblina. 2 fig confu
sin f, vaguedad f.
P vt us hacer una novatada a.
hazel [heIzl] n bot avellano.
P adj (de color de) avellana.
hazelnut [heIzlnt] n bot avellana.
hazy [heIzI] adj con neblina.
 he
he [hi] pron 1 l: hes my brother (l) es mi
hermano. 2 (gen) el que, quien.
P n 1 (male animals) macho. 2 (man)
hombre m, varn m.
head [hed] n 1 (gen) cabeza; (mind)
mente f. 2 (on tape recorder, video) cabe
zal m. 3 (of bed, table) cabecera. 4 (of
page) principio. 5 (on beer) espuma. 6
(cape) cabo, punta. 7 (of school, company)
director,-ra.
P adj principal, jefe.
P vt 1 (company, list, etc) encabezar. 2
(ball) rematar de cabeza, dar un ca
bezazo a, cabecear.
a to head for vt insep dirigirse hacia.
a to head off vi marcharse, irse.
P vt sep (divert) interceptar; (avoid) evi
tar.
headache [hedeIk] n dolor m de ca
beza.
head-first [hedfst] adv de cabeza.
head-hunter [hedhntr] n 1 caza
dor,-ra de cabezas, jbaro,-a. 2 fam
fig cazatalentos mf.
heading [hedIN] n 1 (of chapter) enca
bezamiento, ttulo. 2 (letterhead)
membrete m.
headlamp [hedlQmp] n auto faro.
headlight [hedlaIt] n auto faro.
headline [hedlaIn] n titular m.
headmaster [hedmAstr] n director m.
headmistress [hedmIstrs] n directora.
headphones [hedfUnz] n pl auricula
res mpl, cascos mpl.
headquarters [hedkwtz] n 1 (of an
organization) sede f; (main office) oficina
central. 2 (of a firm) domicilio social.
3 mil cuartel m general.
. Headquarters puede considerarse
tanto singular como plural: our headquar-
ters is/are in New York nuestra sede est
en Nueva York.
headteacher [hedtir] adj director,-a.
headword [hedwd] n entrada.
heal [hil] vt 1 (disease, patient) curar;
(wound) cicatrizar, curar. 2 fig curar, re
mediar.
176
P vi1 (wounds) cicatrizar, cicatrizarse;
(people) curarse,. 2 fig remediarse.
a to heal up vi curarse, cicatrizarse.
health [helT] n 1 salud f. 2 (service) sa
nidad f . 3 fig prosperidad f . c o m p
health care sanidad f. y health centre
centro de salud. y health food ali
mentos mpl naturales.
healthy [helTI] adj 1 (gen) sano,-a. 2
(good for health) saludable. 3 (appetite)
bueno,-a. 4 (prosperous) prspero,-a;
(disposition) sensato,-a.
comp healthier, superl healthiest.
heap [hip] n montn m.
hear [hIr] vt 1 (gen) or. 3 (lecture) asistir
a; (a news item) saber. 3 jur (case) ver;
(witness, defendant) or.
pt & pp heard [hd].
heard [hd] pt & pp hear.
hearer [hIrr] n oyente mf.
hearing [hIrIN] n 1 (sense) odo. 2 (act
of hearing) audicin f. 3 jur audiencia,
vista.
heart [hAt] n 1 anat corazn m. 2 (cen-
tre of feeling) corazn m. 3 (courage) va
lor m, corazn m. 4 (of lettuce, etc) cogo
llo; (of place) corazn m, centro; (of
question) fondo, quid m, meollo. l o c
to learn by heart aprender de memo
ria. y to take heart animarse. y to learn
by heart aprender de memoria. c o m p
heart attack ataque m de corazn.
P n pl hearts (cards) corazones mpl ;
(Spanish cards) copas fpl.
heartbeat [hAtbit] n latido del cora
zn.
heartburn [hAtbn] n ardor m de es
tmago.
hearten [hAtn] vt animar, alentar.
heartless [hAtls] adj cruel, insensible.
heat [hit] n 1 (gen) calor m. 2 (heating)
calefaccin f. 3 sp eliminatoria, serie
f. 4 zool celo.
P vt 1 calentar. 2 fig acalorar.
a to heat up vi (warm up) calentarse;
(to raise excitement, etc) acalorarse.
heater [hitr] n calentador m.
heather [heDr] n bot brezo.
heating [hitIN] n calefaccin f.

heatstroke [hitstrUk] n med insola
cin f.
heatwave [hitweIv] n ola de calor.
heave [hiv] n (pull) tirn m; (push) em
pujn m.
P vt 1 (pull) tirar; (lift) levantar. 2 (push)
empujar. 3 fam (throw) lanzar, arrojar.
heaven [hevn] n 1 cielo. 2 fam gloria,
paraso.
P n pl heavens cielo.
heavily [hevIlI] adv 1 (fall, move, step, etc)
pesadamente; (rain) fuertemente,
mucho. 2 (sleep, etc) profundamente;
(drink) con exceso, mucho; (breathe)
con dificultad f.
heavy [hevI] adj 1 (gen) pesado,-a. 2
(rain, blow) fuerte, pesado,-a. 3 (traffic)
denso,-a. 4 (sleep) profundo,-a. 5
(crop) abundante. 6 (atmosphere)
cargado,-a. 7 (loss, expenditure) grande,
considerable. c o m p heavy metal rock
m duro, heavy metal m.
comp heavier, superl heaviest.
heavy-duty [hevIdjUtI] adj (clothes,
shoes, etc) de faena, resistente; (equip-
ment, machinery, etc) reforzado,-a,
robusto,-a, para grandes cargas.
heavyweight [hevIweIt] n 1 sp peso
pesado. 2 fig peso pesado.
Hebrew [hibrU] adj hebreo,-a.
P n 1 (person) hebreo,-a. 2 (language)
hebreo.
hectare [hektAr] n hectrea.
hectic [hektIk] adj agitado,-a, aje
treado,-a, movido,-a.
hed [hiz] contr 1 he had. 2 he would.
hedge [hedZ] n 1 seto vivo. 2 fig pro
teccin f, barrera.
P vi contestar con evasivas.
P vt 1 cercar, separar con un seto. 2
fig (protect) proteger, guardar; (protect
os against) protegerse.
hedgehog [hedZhg] n zool (mammal)
erizo.
heel [hil] n 1 anat taln m. 2 (on shoe)
tacn m; (of sock) taln m.
P vt 1 poner tacn a. 2 (in rugby) talo
near. 3 mar inclinar.
P vi mar escorar.
177 henhouse
height [haIt] n 1 (gen) altura. 2 (altitude)
altitud f. 3 (of person) estatura. 4 geog
cumbre f, cima.
heir [er] n heredero.
heiress [eres] n heredera.
held [held] pt & pp hold.
helicopter [helIkptr] n helicptero.
heliport [helIpt] n helipuerto.
helium [hilIm] n chem helio.
helix [hilIks] n hlice f.
hell [hel] n infierno.
hell [hil] contr 1 he will. 2 he shall.
hello [helU] interj 1 hola! 2 (on tele-
phone - answering) diga!; (- calling) oi
ga! 3 (to get sbs attention) oiga!, oye!
helm [helm] n mar timn m.
helmet [helmIt] n casco. H
help [help] n 1 (gen) ayuda. 2 (servant)
asistenta, criada.
P interj socorro!
P vt 1 (gen) ayudar. 2 (be of use) ayudar,
servir. 3 (to relieve) aliviar. 4 (avoid) evitar.
a to help out vt sep ayudar.
helper [help r] n 1 ayudante,-a mf,
auxiliar mf. 2 (collaborator)
colaborador,-ra.
helpful [helpfUl] adj 1 (thing) til, prc
tico,-a,. 2 (person) amable.
helping [helpIN] n racin f, porcin f.
P adj ayuda.
helpless [helpls] adj 1 (unprotected)
desamparado,-a, indefenso,-a,
desvalido,-a. 2 (powerless) impotente,
incapaz, intil.
hem [hem] n sew dobladillo.
P vt hacer un dobladillo en.
pt & pp hemmed, ger hemming.
hematoma [himtUm] n us hae
matoma.
hemisphere [hemIsfIr] n hemisferio.
hemorrhage [hemrIdZ] n us
haemorrhage.
hen [hen] n (chicken) gallina; (female bird)
hembra.
hence [hens] adv 1 fml (so) por eso, por
lo tanto, de ah. 2 (from now) de aqu
a, dentro de.
henceforth [hensfT] adv fml de aho
ra en adelante.
henhouse [henhaUs] n gallinero.
 henna
henna [hen] n bot alhea.
heptagon [heptgn] n heptgono.
heptagonal [heptQgnl] adj hepta
gonal.
her [hr] pron 1 (direct object) la: I love her
la quiero. 2 (indirect object) le; (with other
third person pronouns) se: give it to her d
selo. 3 (after preposition) ella: go with her
vete con ella. 4 fam (as subject) ella: lis-
ten, thats her! escucha, es ella!
P adj su, sus; (emphatic) de ella.
heraldic [herQldIk] adj herldico,-a.
herb [hb] n hierba.
herbaceous [hbeISs] adj herb heterotrophic
ceo,-a.
herbal [hbl] adj de hierbas.
herbicide [hbIsaId] n herbicida m.
herbivore [hbIvr] n zool herb hi [haI] interj fam hola!
voro,-a.
herd [hd] n 1 (cattle) manada; (goats)
rebao; (pigs) piara. 2 fam (people)
montn m, multitud f.
here [hIr] adv aqu. l o c here you are
aqu tienes.
hereby [hIbaI] adv fml por la presente.
hereditary [hIrdItrI] adj heredita
rio,-a.
heredity [hIredItI] n herencia.
heresy [hersI] n hereja.
pl heresies.
heritage [herItIdZ] n herencia, patri
monio.
hermaphrodite [hmQfrdaIt] adj
hermafrodita.
hernia [hnI] n hernia.
hero [hIrU] n 1 (gen) hroe m. 2 (in
novel) protagonista m.
pl heroes.
heroic [hIrUIk] adj heroico,-a.
heroin [herUIn] n (drug) herona.
heroine [herUIn] n 1 herona. 2 (in
novel) protagonista.
herpes [hpiz] n herpe m, herpes m.
herring [herIN] n arenque m.
pl herring o herrings.
hers [hz] pron (sing) (el) suyo, (la) su
ya; (pl) (los) suyos, (las) suyas; (em-
phatic) de ella: this pencil is hers este lpiz
es suyo.
178
herself [hself] pron 1 (reflexive use) se:
she washed herself se lav. 2 (emphatic) ella
misma: she made it all herself lo hizo todo
ella misma. l o c by herself sola.
hertz [hts] n hertz m, hercio.
hes [hiz] contr 1 he is. 2 he has.
hesitate [hezIteIt] vi vacilar, dudar.
hesitation [hezIteISn] n duda, inde
cisin.
heterogeneous [hetrUdZinIs] adj
heterogneo,-a.
heterosexual [hetrUseksjUl] adj
heterosexual.
[hetrUtrfIk] adj
heterotrfico,-a.
hexagon [heksgn] n hexgono.
hexagonal [heksQgnl] adj hexagonal.
hibernate [haIbneIt] vi hibernar.
hiccough [hIkp] n-vi hiccup.
hiccup [hIkp] n hipo: to have hiccups
tener hipo.
hid [hId] pt & pp hide.
hidden [hIdn] pp hide.
P adj 1 escondido,-a. 2 fig oculto,-a.
hide1 [haId] n (concealed place) escondite m.
P vt (conceal) esconder; (obscure) ocul
tar, tapar.
pt hid [hId], pp hid [hID] o hidden
[hIdn].
hide2 [haId] n 1 piel f, cuero. 2 fig (of a
person) pellejo.
hide-and-seek [haIdnsik] n escon
dite m.
hideous [hIdIs] adj 1 (terrible) horro
roso,-a, atroz. 2 (ugly) horrendo,-a,
espantoso.
hide-out [haIdaUt] n escondrijo, es
condite m, guarida.
hierarchic [haIrAkIk] adj jerrquico,-a.
hierarchy [haIrAkI] n jerarqua.
pl hierarchies.
hieroglyphics [haIrglIfIks] n pl jero
glficos mpl.
hi-fi [haIfaI] n hifi m, alta fidelidad f.
high [haI] adj 1 alto,-a, elevado. 2 (im-
portant) alto,-a, importante; (strong)
fuerte. 3 (very good) bueno,-a. 4 (going
rotten - food) pasado,-a; (- game)

manido,-a. 5 (of time) pleno,-a. c o m p
high jump salto de altura. y high school
instituto (de bachillerato). y high
street calle mayor. y high tide marea
alta.
" El high school es el equivalente a los
establecimientos de enseanza media o
secundaria, sobre todo en Estados Unidos.
high-class [haIklAs] adj (classy) de ca
tegora; (superior) de calidad f.
higher [haIr] adj 1 high. 2 superior.
3 (bigger) ms alto,-a; (number, velocity,
etc) mayor. c o m p higher education en
seanza superior.
high-heeled
alto.
[haIhild] adj de tacn
highlight [haIlaIt] vt 1 destacar, hacer
resaltar. 2 (with pen) marcar (con un
rotulador fosforescente).
P n 1 art toque m de luz. 2 (hairdress-
ing) reflejo. 3 fig (especially in show busi-
ness) atraccin f principal; (most out-
standing) punto culminante; (aspect or
feature) caracterstica notable.
highly [haIlI] adv (very) muy; (favoura-
bly) muy bien.
Highness [haIns] n Alteza mf.
high-pitched [haIpItSt] adj (sound,
voice) agudo,-a; (roof) empinado,-a.
high-tech [haItek] adj de alta tecno
loga.
highway [haIweI] n 1 us autova. 2
jur va pblica.
hijack [haIdZQk] n secuestro.
P vt secuestrar.
hijacker [haIdZQkr] n secuestrador,-a.
hijacking [haIdZQkIN] n secuestro.
hike [haIk] n 1 (walk) excursin f a pie.
2 fam aumento de precio.
P vi ir de excursin, hacer una ex
cursin.
P vt fam aumentar los precios.
hiker [haIkr] n excursionista.
hiking [haIkIN] n excursionismo a pie.
hilarious [hIlerIs] adj graciossimo,-
a, hilarante, divertidsimo,-a.
hill [hIl] n 1 colina, cerro. 2 (slope)
cuesta.
179 historical
hillside [hIlsaId] n ladera.
hilltop [hIltp] n cumbre f, cima.
him [hIm] pron 1 (direct object) lo: I love him
lo quiero. 2 (indirect object) le; (with other
pronouns) se: give him the money dale el
dinero; give it to him dselo. 3 (after prepo-
sition) l: we went with him fuimos con l.
4 fam (as subject) l: its him! es l!
himself [hImself] pron 1 (reflexive) se;
(alone) solo, por s mismo: he cut him-
self se cort; he did it by himself lo hizo
solo. 2 (emphatic) l mismo, s mismo,
en persona.
hinder [hIndr] vt dificultar, entorpe
cer, estorbar, impedir.
Hindu [hIndU, hIndU] n hind mf.
P adj hind. H
Hinduism [hIndUIzm] n hinduismo.
hinge [hIndZ] n 1 tech gozne m, bisa
gra. 2 (for stamps) fijasello. 3 fig eje m.
P vi girar sobre goznes.
hint [hInt] n 1 insinuacin f, indirecta.
2 (advice) consejo, sugerencia. 3 (clue)
pista. 4 (trace) pizca. 5 (sign) sombra.
P vt (imply) insinuar, aludir a.
hip1 [hIp] n anat cadera.
hip2 [hIp] l o c hip hip hooray! hurra!
hippie [hIpI] n fam hippie mf.
hippo [hIp] n fam hipoptamo.
hippopotamus [hIpptms] n zool
hipoptamo.
hippy [hIpI] n fam hippie mf.
pl hippies.
hire [haIr] n alquiler m.
P vt 1 (rent) alquilar. 2 (employ) contratar.
a to hire out vt sep (equipment, vehicles,
etc) alquilar; (people) contratar.
his [hIz] adj 1 su, sus: his dog su perro. 2
(emphatic) de l.
P pron (el) suyo, (la) suya, (los) su
yos, (las) suyas.
Hispanic [hIspQnIk] adj hispnico,-a.
P n us hispano,-a, latino,-a.
hiss [hIs] n 1 (gen) siseo. 2 (air, snake,
steam, etc) silbido. 3 (protest) silbido.
P vt 1 sisear, silbar. 2 (in protest) pitar,
abuchear.
historic [hIstrIk] adj histrico,-a.
historical [hIstrIkl] adj histrico,-a.
 history
history [hIst rI] n 1 (in general) historia.
2 comput historial m.
pl histories.
, History no significa 'historia (relato)',
que se traduce por story.
hit [hIt] n 1 (blow) golpe m. 2 (success)
xito, acierto. 3 (shot) impacto. 4 (visit
to web page) acceso. 5 fig (damaging re-
mark) pulla.
P vt 1 (strike) golpear, pegar. 2 (crash in-
to) chocar contra. 3 (affect) afectar,
perjudicar. 4 (reach) alcanzar.
a to hit back vi (strike in return) devol
ver golpe por golpe; (reply to criticism)
defenderse.
pt & pp hit, ger hitting.
hitch [hItS] n obstculo, dificultad f.
P vt(tie) enganchar, atar.
P vifam hacer autoestop, ir a dedo,
hacer dedo.
hitchhike [hItShaIk] vi hacer autoes
top.
hitchhiking [hItShaIkIN] vi autoestop
m, dedo.
HIV [eItSaIvi] abbr (human immunode-
ficiency virus) virus m de inmunodefi
ciencia humana; (abbreviation) VIH m.
hive [haIv] n 1 colmena. 2 fig lugar m
muy activo.
hoard [hd] n 1 (provisions) reserva. 2
(money) tesoro escondido.
P vt 1 (objects) acumular. 2 (money) ate
sorar.
hoarse [hs] adj ronco,-a, spero,-a.
hoax [hUks] n (trick) trampa, engao;
(joke) broma pesada.
P vt engaar a, gastar una broma a.
hob [hb] n (of cooker) encimera; (next to
fireplace) repisa.
hobble [hbl] vi (limp) cojear, andar
con dificultad f.
P vt 1 (tie) trabar, manear. 2 fig poner
trabas a, obstaculizar.
hobby [hbI] n aficin f, hobby m,
pasatiempo favorito.
pl hobbies.
hockey [hkI] n sp hockey m.
hoe [hU] n azada, azadn m.
180
P vt (earth) azadonar, cavar; (weeds) sa
char.
hog [hg] n 1 cerdo, puerco, marrano.
2 fam pej (not a nice person) indeseable mf.
P vt acaparar.
pt & pp hogged, ger hogging.
hoist [hIst] n 1 (crane) gra. 2 (lift)
montacargas m.
P vt 1 levantar, subir. 2 (flag) izar.
hold [hUld] n 1 (place to grip) asidero. 2
(in ship, plane) bodega. l o c to get hold
of 1 (grab) agarrar, tomar. 2 (obtain)
hacerse con, encontrar.
P vt 1 (keep in ones hand) aguantar, sos
tener: hold my bag aguntame el bolso. 2
(opinion) sostener. 3 (contain) dar cabida
a, tener capacidad para: the stadium
holds a lot of people el estadio tiene capaci
dad para mucha gente. 4 (meeting) cele
brar; (conversation) mantener: political
parties often hold meetings in parks los par
tidos polticos celebran a menudo sus
mtines en los parques. l o c to hold sb
abrazar a algn.
a to hold back vt sep 1 (suspect) retener.
2 (information) ocultar; (restrain) conte
ner; (feelings) reprimir; (keep) guardar.
P vi (hesitate) vacilar, no atreverse; (ab-
stain) abstenerse.
a to hold down vt sep (control) domi
nar; (job) desempear.
a to hold forth vi hablar largo y ten
dido.
a to hold off vt sep mantener aleja
do,-a.
P vi (refrain) refrenarse.
a to hold on vi 1 (grip tightly) agarrarse
fuerte, agarrarse bien. 2 (wait) espe
rar; (on phone) no colgar.
a to hold over vt sep aplazar.
a to hold up vt sep 1 (rob) atracar, asal
tar. 2 (delay) retrasar. 3 (raise) levantar.
4 (support) aguantar, sostener.
P vi aguantar, resistir.
a to hold with vt insep estar de acuer
do con.
pt & pp held [held].
holder [hUldr] n 1 (owner) poseedor,
-ra; (of passport) titular mf. 2 (container) re
cipiente m, receptculo. 3 (bearer - gen)
portador,-ra; (- of bonds) tenedor,-ra.

4 (handle) asidero. 5 (tenant - on land)
arrendatario,-a; (- of a flat) inquilino,-a.
hold-up [hUldp] n 1 (robbery) atraco;
(of train, etc) asalto. 2 (delay) retraso. 3
auto atasco.
hole [hUl] n 1 (gen) agujero; (in ground,
golf) hoyo. 2 (in road) bache m. 3 (of rab-
bits) madriguera; (cavity) cavidad f. 4
fam (town) pueblucho de mala muer
te. 5 fam (place to live) cuchitril m; (unsa-
voury place) antro. 6 (a tight spot) aprieto,
apuro.
P vt 1 (make holes - small) agujerear;
(large) hacer un boquete en. 2 (at golf)
meter en el hoyo.
holiday [hlIdeI] n 1 (one day) fiesta,
da m de fiesta, da m festivo. 2 (peri-
od) vacaciones fpl. l o c to be on holi
day estar de vacaciones. y to go on
holiday irse de vacaciones.
P vi gb (gen) pasar las vacaciones; (in
summer) veranear.
Holland [hlnd] n Holanda.
hollow [hlU] adj 1 (sound, thing)
hueco,-a. 2 (cheeks, etc) hundido,-a. 3
fig (laugh) falso,-a; (promise) vaco,-a.
comp hollower, superl hollowest.
P n 1 hueco. 2 geog hondonada.
holly [hlI] n acebo.
pl hollies.
holocaust [hlkst] n holocausto.
holy [hUlI] adj 1 rel (sacred) santo,-a,
sagrado,-a. 2 (blessed) bendito,-a.
comp holier, superl holiest.
home [hUm] n 1 (house) hogar m, casa.
2 fml domicilio. 3 (institution) asilo. 4
(country, village, etc) patria, tierra. 5
zool hbitat m. l o c at home en casa.
P adj 1 casero,-a. 2 pol (del) interior.
3 (native) natal.
homeland [hUmlQnd] n (gen) patria;
(birthplace) tierra natal.
homeless [hUmls] adj sin hogar, sin
techo.
home-made [hUmmeId] adj case
ro,-a, de fabricacin casera, hecho,-a
en casa.
homemaker [hUmmeIkr] n ama de
casa.
homesick [hUmsIk] adj nostlgico,-a.
181 hoot
homesickness [hUmsIkns] n ao
ranza, morria, nostalgia.
homework [hUmwk] n deberes mpl.
homogeneous [hmdZinIs] adj
homogneo,-a.
homograph [hmgrQf] n homgrafo.
homonym [hmnIm] n homnimo.
homosexual [hUmUseksjUl] adj & n
homosexual.
honest [nIst] adj 1 (trustworthy) hon
rado,-a, honesto,-a. 2 (frank) since
ro,-a, franco,-a. 3 (fair) justo,-a.
P adv fam de verdad.
honestly [nIstlI] adv 1 (fairly) honra
damente. 2 (frankly) sinceramente,
francamente. 3 (truthfully) de verdad,
a decir verdad. H
P interj (question) de verdad?; (exclama-
tion) hay que ver!
honesty [nIstI] n honradez f.
honey [hnI] n 1 miel f. 2 us fam (dear)
cario, cielo.
honeycomb [hnIkUm] n panal m.
honeymoon [hnImUn] n luna de
miel, viaje m de novios.
honor [nr] n us honour.
honour [n r] n 1 (virtue) honor m,
honra. 2 (title) Su Seora.
P vt 1 (respect) honrar. 2 (cheque) pagar,
aceptar; (promise, word, agreement) cum
plir.
hood [hUd] n 1 (of clothes) capucha. 2
(on pram, etc) capota. 3 us (car bonnet)
cap m. 4 (of hawk) capirote m.
hoof [hUf] n (of sheep, cow, etc) pezua;
(of horse) casco.
pl hoofs o hooves.
hook [hUk] n 1 (gen) gancho. 2 (for fish-
ing) anzuelo.
P vt1 (catch) enganchar. 2 (fishing) pescar,
coger. 3 (in boxing) pegar un gancho.
a to hook up vt sep (connect) conectar.
hooligan [hUlIgn] n gamberro,-a.
hoop [hUp] n (gen) aro; (of barrel) fleje m;
(of wheel) llanta.
hoot [hUt] n 1 (of owl) ululato, grito. 2
(of car) bocinazo. 3 fam (funny thing)
cosa divertida; (funny person) persona
divertida.
hooter
hooter [hUt ] n 1 (siren) sirena. 2 (on
r
car) bocina, claxon m. 3 gb (nose) nari
zota, napias fpl.
Hoover [hUvr] n gb aspiradora.
hooves [huvz] pl hoof.
hop1 [hp] n 1 salto, brinco. 2 fam
(dance) baile m. 3 av fam vuelo corto.
P vi saltar, dar brincos, dar saltos.
P vt 1 us fam (train, etc) tomar. 2 av cruzar.
pt & pp hopped, ger hopping.
hop2 [hp] n (plant) lpulo.
hope [hUp] n (gen) esperanza; (false)
ilusin f.
P vt esperar.
hopeful [hUpfUl] adj 1 (promising) es
peranzador,-ra, prometedor,-ra,
alentador,-ra. 2 (confident) optimista.
hopefully [hUpfUlI] adv 1 (confidently)
con esperanza, con ilusin, con op
timismo. 2 fam (all being well) ojal.
hopeless [hUpls] adj 1 desespera
do,-a. 2 fam (useless) intil.
hopelessly [hUplslI] adv sin espe
ranza, con desesperacin, deses
peradamente.
horizon [hraIzn] n horizonte m.
horizontal [hrIzntl] adj horizontal.
hormonal [hmUnl] adj hormonal.
hormone [hmUn] n hormona.
horn [hn] n 1 zool asta, cuerno. 2
auto bocina, claxon m. 3 mus cuerno,
trompa.
horoscope [hrskUp] n horscopo.
horrible [hrIbl] adj (gen) horrible,
horroroso,-a; (person) antiptico,-a.
horrid [hrId] adj (horrible) horroroso,-a,
horrible; (unkind) antiptico,-a,
odioso,-a; (child) inaguantable, inso
portable.
horrific [hrIfIk] adj horrendo,-a,
horroroso,-a.
horrify [hrIfaI] vt horrorizar, espantar.
pt & pp horrified, ger horrifying.
horrifying [hrIfaIIN] adj escalofriante.
horror [hrr] n horror m, terror m.
comp horror film pelcula de terror.
hors doeuvre [dvr] n culin entre
ms m.
pl hors doeuvre o hors doeuvres.
182
horse [hs] n 1 zool caballo. 2 (in gym)
potro. 3 tech caballete m. 4 sl (heroin)
caballo. c o m p horse riding equitacin f.
horseback [hsbQk] adj & adv a caba
llo. l o c on horseback a caballo.
horsepower [hspaUr] n 1 auto ca
ballo de vapor, caballo. 2 potencia.
horseshoe [hsSU] n herradura.
hose1 [hUz] n (pipe) manguera.
pl hose.
P vt regar, lavar.
hose2 [hUz] n pl (socks) calcetines mpl;
(stockings) medias fpl.
hosepipe [hUzpaIp] n manguera.
hospitable [hspItb l] adj hosp i
talario,-a, acogedor,-ra.
hospital [hspItl] n hospital m.
hospitality [hspItQlItI] n hospitali
dad f.
host1 [hUst] n 1 (person) anfitrin,-ona;
(place) sede f. 2 (TV presenter) presen
tador,-ra. 3 (animal, plant) husped m.
P vt 1 tv presentar. 2 celebrar,.
host2 [hUst] n (large number) multitud f.
Host [hUst] n rel hostia.
hostage [hstIdZ] n rehn mf.
hostel [hstl] n residencia, hostal m.
hostess [hUsts] n 1 (at home) anfi
triona. 2 (on plane, etc) azafata. 3 (in
club) camarera. 4 tv presentadora.
hostile [hstaIl] adj hostil, enemigo,-a.
hostility [hstIlItI] n hostilidad f.
pl hostilities.
hot [ht] adj 1 (gen) caliente. 2 meteor
caluroso,-a, clido,-a. 3 (food - spicy)
picante.
comp hotter, superl hottest.
hotel [hUtel] n hotel m.
hotline [htlaIn] n lnea directa.
hound [haUnd] n perro de caza.
P vt (harass) acosar, perseguir.
hour [aUr] n hora.
hourly [aUlI] adj cada hora.
P adv a cada hora, por horas.
house [(n) haUs; (vb) haUz] n 1 (gen) casa;
(official use) domicilio. 2 pol cmara. 3
theat sala. 4 (company) empresa, casa.
c o m p House of Commons Cmara de
los Comunes. y House of Lords Cma

ra de los Lores. y House of Representa
tives Cmara de Representantes. y
Houses of Parliament Parlamento.
P vt 1 (gen) alojar, albergar; (supply hous-
ing) proveer de vivienda. 2 (store) guar
dar, almacenar; (fit) dar cabida a.
" Tanto el Reino Unido como Estados Uni
dos disponen, al igual que nosotros, de un
sistema legislativo bicameral, con unas c
maras bajas (equivalentes al Congreso de
los diputados), que se llaman House of
Commons en el Reino Unido y House of
Representatives en Estados Unidos, y
unas cmaras altas (similares a nuestro Se
nado), que se llaman House of Lords en el
Reino Unido y Senate en Estados Unidos.
housemaster [haUsmAst r] n educ
tutor m.
housemistress [haUsmIstrs] n educ
tutora.
housewife [haUswaIf] n ama de casa.
pl housewives [haUswaIvz].
housework [haUswk] n quehaceres
mpl domsticos.
housing [haUzIN] n 1 vivienda. 2 tech
bastidor m, caja.
hover [hvr] vi 1 (aircraft) permanecer
inmvil (en el aire). 2 (bird) cernerse, re
volotear. 3 (move around) rondar. 4
(hesitate) dudar, vacilar.
hovercraft [hvkrAft] n aerodesli
zador m.
pl hovercraft.
how [haU] adv 1 (in questions - direct) c
mo?; (- indirect) cmo: tell me how to do it
dime cmo se hace. 2 (in exclamations)
qu: how odd! qu extrao!, qu raro!
l o c how about...? qu te parece si...? y
how are you? cmo ests? y how many
cuntos,-as y how much cunto
. La expresin How do you do? se em
plea en ingls formal cuando se encuen
tran dos personas por primera vez. La res
puesta es la misma How do you do? El
equivalente en espaol sera encantado.
however [haUevr] adv 1 (nevertheless)
sin embargo, no obstante. 2 (with adj)
183 humble
por: however hard it may be por difcil
que sea; however much por ms que, por
mucho que.
howl [haUl] n (cry) aullido.
P vi aullar.
a to howl down vt sep abuchear.
HP [eItSpi] abbr (horsepower) caballos
mpl de vapor; (abbreviation) cv mpl.
HQ [eItSkjU] abbr 1 (headquarters)
cuartel m general. 2 fig centro de ope
raciones.
HTML [eItStiemel] abbr (hypertext
markup language) HTML.
hub [hb] n 1 auto cubo. 2 fig centro,
eje m.
hubcap [hbkQp] n auto tapacubos m. H
huddle [hdl] n grupo.
P vi 1 (crouch) acurrucarse, apiarse,
amontonarse. 2 (cluster) apiarse.
hug [hg] n abrazo.
P vt 1 abrazar. 2 fig (kerb, coast) pegar
se a, ceirse a.
pt & pp hugged, ger hugging.
huge [hjUdZ] adj enorme, inmenso,-a.
hull [hl] n 1 (of ship) casco. 2 bot (shell)
cscara; (pod) vaina.
P vt (peas, beans, etc) desvainar.
hullo [hlU] interj hello.
hum [hm] n (of bees, engine) zumbido.
P vi 1 (bees, engine, etc) zumbar. 2 (sing)
tararear, canturrear. 3 (bustling with ac-
tivity) hervir.
P vt (tune) tararear, canturrear.
pt & pp hummed, ger humming.
human [hjUmn] adj humano,-a. comp
human being ser m humano.
P n ser m humano, humano.
humanitarian [hjUmQnIterIn] adj
humanitario,-a, filantrpico,-a.
P n filntropo,-a.
humanity [hjUmQnItI] n 1 (virtue) hu
manidad f. 2 (mankind) gnero huma
no, raza humana.
pl humanities.
humanize [hjUmnaIz] vt humanizar.
humble [hmbl] adj humilde.
P vt humillar.
comp humbler, superl humbliest.
humerus
humerus [hjUmrs] n anat (bone) h
mero.
pl humeri [hjUmraI].
humid [hjUmId] adj hmedo,-a.
humidity [hjUmIdItI] n humedad f.
humiliate [hjUmIlIeIt] vt humillar.
humiliation [hjUmIlIeISn] n humilla
cin f.
hummingbird [hmINbd] n colibr m.
humor [hjUmr] n us humour.
humorous [hjUmrs] adj 1 (funny)
gracioso,-a, divertido,-a. 2 (writer)
humorstico,-a, humorista.
humour [hjUmr] n 1 humor m. 2 (of a
joke) gracia. 3 (whim) capricho.
P vt complacer, seguir el humor a.
, Humour no significa 'humor (estado
de nimo)', que se traduce por mood.
hump [hmp] n 1 (on back) giba, joro
ba. 2 (hillock) montculo.
P vt 1 gb fam (carry) cargar.
humus [hjUms] n agr mantillo, hu
mus m.
hunchback [hntSbQk] n (person) joro
bado,-a.
hundred [hndrd] n cien.
P n pl hundreds (many) centenares mpl,
cientos mpl.
hundredth [hndrdT] adj centsi
mo,-a.
P adv en centsimo lugar.
hung [hN] pt & pp hang.
Hungarian [hNgerIn] adj hnga
ro,-a.
Pn 1 (person) hngaro,-a. 2 (language)
hngaro.
Hungary [hNgrI] n Hungra.
hunger [hNgr] n 1 hambre f. 2 fig
sed f. c o m p hunger strike huelga de
hambre.
a to hunger after / hunger for vt insep
ansiar, anhelar, tener hambre de.
hungry [hNgrI] adj 1 hambriento,-a.
2 fig vido,-a, sediento,-a. l o c to be
hungry tener hambre.
comp hungrier, superl hungriest.
hunt [hnt] n 1 (gen) caza, cacera. 2
(search) bsqueda.
P vt cazar.
184
a to hunt down vt sep (corner) acorra
lar, perseguir; (to find) dar con, en
contrar.
a to hunt out / hunt up vt sep (to find)
encontrar; (to look for) buscar.
hunter [hntr] n 1 cazador,-ra mf. 2
zool caballo de caza. 3 (watch) sabo
neta.
hunting [hntIN] n (gen) caza; (expedi-
tion) cacera, montera.
hurdle [hdl] n 1 sp valla. 2 fig obst
culo.
P vt sp (barrier) saltar.
hurdling [hdlIN] n sp carrera de va
llas.
hurl [hl] vt 1 lanzar, arrojar, tirar. 2
(insults) soltar.
hurrah [hUrA] interj hurra!: hurrah for
Peter! viva Peter!
P vt vitorear, aclamar.
hurray [hUreI] interj hurra!
hurricane [hrIkn, hrIkeIn] n hura
cn m.
hurry [hrI] n prisa: are you in a hurry for
the report? le corre prisa el informe? l o c
to be in a hurry tener prisa.
P vi apresurarse, darse prisa.
a to hurry up vi darse prisa.
pt & pp hurried, ger hurrying.
hurt [ht] n 1 (harm) dao, dolor m,
mal m. 2 (wound) herida. 3 fig dao,
perjuicio.
P adj 1 (physically) herido,-a. 2 (offended)
dolido,-a.
P vt 1 (cause injury) lastimar, hacer da
o; (to wound) herir: he has hurt his arm
se ha hecho dao en el brazo. 2 sp lesio
nar. 3 (offend) herir, ofender: you hurt
her feelings la has ofendido, le has herido
los sentimientos.
P vi 1 doler: my eyes hurt me duelen los
ojos. 2 fam venir mal, ir mal.
pt & pp hurt.
husband [hzbnd] n marido, esposo.
hush [hS] n quietud f, silencio.
P vt callar, silenciar.
P interj silencio! cllate! cllese!
chito! c o m p hush money fam sobor
no (que se paga para que alguien no hable).

a to hush up vt sep (affair) echar tierra
a; (person) hacer callar.
hustle [hsl] n bullicio. c o m p hustle
and bustle ajetreo.
hut [ht] n 1 cabaa. 2 (in garden) co
bertizo. 3 mil barraca.
hyacinth [haIsInT] n bot jacinto.
hyaena [haIin] n hiena.
hybrid [haIbrId] adj hbrido,-a.
P n hbrido.
hydrant [haIdrnt] n boca de riego.
hydrate [haIdreIt] vt hidratar.
hydraulic [haIdrlIk] adj hidruli
co,-a. c o m p hydraulic brake freno hi
drulico.
hydrocarbon [haIdrUkAbn] n chem
hidrocarburo.
hydrochloric [haIdrklrIk] adj clo
rhdrico,-a. c o m p hydrochloric acid
cido clorhdrico.
hydroelectric [haIdrUIlektrIk] adj
hidroelctrico,-a. c o m p hydroelectric
power station central f hidroelctrica.
hydrogen [haIdrdZn] n chem hidr hypocrite [hIpkrIt] n hipcrita mf.
geno. c o m p hydrogen bomb bomba
de hidrgeno.
hydrography [haIdrgrfI] n hidro
grafa.
hydrology [haIdrldZI] n hidrologa.
hydroplane [haIdrpleIn] n hidroa
vin m, hidroplano.
hydrosphere [haIdrsfr] n hidrosfera.
hydroxide [haIdrksaId] n hidrxido.
hyena [haIin] n zool hiena.
185 hysterical
hygiene [haIdZin] n higiene f.
hygienic [haIdZinIk] adj higinico,-a.
hymn [hIm] n himno. c o m p hymn book
cantoral m.
hyperbola [haIpbl] n hiprbola.
pl hyperbole [haIpblI] o hyper-
bolas.
hyperbole [haIpblI] n hiprbole f.
hyperlink [haIplINk] n hiperenlace.
hypermarket [haIpmAkIt] n gb hi
permercado.
hypertension [haIptenSn] n med hi
pertensin f.
hypertext [haIptekst] n hipertexto.
hyphen [haIfn] n guion m.
hypnosis [hIpnUsIs] n med hipnosis f. H
hypnotise [hIpntaIz] vt hypnotize.
hypnotize [hIpntaIz] vt hipnotizar.
hypochondriac [haIpkndrIQk] n hi
pocondraco,-a.
hipocondraco,-a.
P adj
hypocrisy [hIpkrIsI] n hipocresa.
hypotension [haIpUtenSn] n med hi
potensin f.
hypotenuse [haIptnjUz] n (geometry)
hipotenusa.
hypothesis [haIpTsIs] n hiptesis f.
pl hypotheses [haIpTsiz].
hypothetic [haIpTetIk] adj hipo
ttico,-a.
hysteria [hIstIrI] n histeria.
hysterical [hIsterIkl] adj histrico,-a.
 I
I, i [aI] n (the letter) I, i f.
I [aI] pron yo.
Iberian [aIbIrIn] adj (modern) ibri
co,-a; (historically) ibero,-a, bero,-a.
P n 1 (person - now) ibrico,-a; (- histori-
cally) ibero,-a, bero,-a. 2 (language)
ibero, bero. c o m p Iberian Peninsula
Pennsula Ibrica.
ice [aIs] n 1 (frozen water) hielo. 2 (ice-
cream) helado. c o m p ice cube cubito de
hielo. y ice hockey hockey m sobre
hielo. y ice lolly polo. y ice ring pista
de hielo.
iceberg [aIsbg] n 1 iceberg m. 2 fig
persona fra.
icebreaker [aIsbreIkr] n rompehie
los m inv.
ice-cream [aIskrim] n helado.
Iceland [aIslnd] n Islandia.
Icelander [aIslndr] n (person) islan
ds,-esa.
Icelandic [aIslQndIk] adj islands,-esa.
P n (language) islands m.
ice-skate [aIsskeIt] vi patinar sobre
hielo.
ice-skating [aIskeItIN] n patinaje m
sobre hielo.
icicle [aIsIkl] n carmbano.
icing [aIsIN] n cobertura.
icon [aIkn] n icono.
iconography [aIkngrfI] n icono
grafa.
icy [aIsI] adj 1 (very cold - hand, etc)
helado,-a; (- wind) glacial. 2 (covered with
ice) cubierto,-a de hielo. 3 fig glacial.
comp icier, superl iciest.
ID [aIdi] abbr (identification) identifica
cin f. c o m p ID card documento nacio
nal de identidad, DNI m.
186
Id [aId] contr 1 I would. 2 I had.
idea [aIdI] n 1 (gen) idea; (opinion) opi
nin f. 2 (intuition) impresin f, sensa
cin f. 3 (concept) concepto.
P n the idea (aim, purpose) idea, inten
cin f, objetivo.
ideal [aIdil] adj ideal, perfecto,-a.
P n 1 (perfect example) ideal m. 2 (princi-
ple) principio, ideal m.
idealize [aIdIlaIz] vt idealizar: we
tend to idealize the past tendemos a idea
lizar el pasado.
identical [aIdentIkl] adj 1 (exactly alike)
idntico,-a (to/with, a). 2 (the same)
mismsimo,-a.
identification [aIdentIfIkeIS n] n 1
(gen) identificacin f. 2 (papers) docu
mentacin f.
identify [aIdentIfaI] vt 1 (gen) identifi
car. 2 (associate) asociar (with, con),
relacionar (with, con).
pt & pp identified, ger identifying.
Identikit [aIdentIkIt] c o m p Identikit
picture retrato robot.
identity [aIdentItI] n identidad f. c o m p
identity card carnet m de identidad.
pl identities.
ideogram [IdIUgrQm] n ideograma m.
ideological [aIdIldZIkl] adj ideo
lgico,-a.
ideology [aIdIldZI] n ideologa.
pl ideologies.
idiom [IdIm] n 1 (phrase) locucin f,
modismo, frase f hecha. 2 (language)
lenguaje m, idioma m; (style) estilo.
, Idiom no significa 'idioma', que se
traduce por language.
idiomatic [IdImQtIk] adj idiomti
co,-a.

idiot [IdIt] n 1 fam idiota mf, tonto,-a.
2 med idiota mf.
idle [aId l] adj 1 (lazy) perezoso,-a,
vago,-a. 2 (not working - person) parado,-
a, desempleado,-a; (- machinery)
parado,-a; (- money) improductivo,-a.
comp idler, superl idlest.
P vi (waste time) gandulear, holgaza
near, perder el tiempo.
idol [aIdl] n dolo.
idolatry [aIdltrI] n idolatra.
pl idolatries.
i.e. [aIi] abbr (id est) esto es, a saber;
(abbreviation) i.e.
if [If] conj 1 (supposing) si: if it rains, well
stay at home si llueve, nos quedaremos
en casa; you can come if you want puedes
venir si quieres. 2 (whether) si: do you
know if she got the job? sabes si consi
gui el trabajo? 3 (used after verbs express-
ing feelings) que: do you mind if I open the
window? te importa que abra la venta
na? 4 (but) aunque, pero: its good, if a
little slow at times es bueno pero algo len
to a veces. 5 (in exclamations): well, if it
isnt Jimmy Jazz! vaya, pero si es Jimmy
Jazz! l o c if I were you yo que t, yo
en tu lugar. y if only (present or future
time) ojal!, si al menos...!
igloo [IglU] n igl m.
pl igloos.
igneous [IgnIs] adj gneo,-a.
ignition [IgnIS n] n 1 ignicin f. 2
auto encendido, arranque m.
ignorance [Ignrns] n ignorancia.
ignorant [Ignrnt] adj 1 (unaware) ig
norante (of, de). 2 fam (rude) descor
ts, maleducado,-a.
ignore [Ignr] vt 1 (order, warning) no
hacer caso de, hacer caso omiso de;
(behaviour, fact) pasar por alto. 2 (per-
son) hacer como si no existiese.
, To ignore no significa 'ignorar (no sa
ber)', que se traduce por not to know.
iguana [IgwAn] n iguana.
ilium [IlIm] n ilion m, leon m.
ill [Il] adj 1 (sick) enfermo,-a. 2 (harmful,
unpropitious) malo,-a.
P n fml (harm, evil) mal m.
187 imaginary
P adv 1 (badly) mal. 2 (unfavourably) mal.
3 (with difficulty) mal, a duras penas.
P n pl ills (problems, misfortunes) desgra
cias fpl.
Ill [aIl] contr 1 I will. 2 I shall.
illegal [Iligl] adj ilegal.
illegality [IlIgQlItI] n ilegalidad f.
pl illegalities.
illegible [IledZIbl] adj ilegible.
illegitimate [IlIdZItImt] adj ileg
timo,-a.
illicit [IlIsIt] adj ilcito,-a.
illiterate [IlIt rt] adj 1 (unlettered)
analfabeto,-a. 2 (uneducated) ignorante,
inculto,-a. 3 (poor style) inculto,-a, po
bre.
P n (unlettered person) analfabeto,-a.
ill-mannered [IlmQnd] adj male
ducado,-a, descorts. I
illness [Ilns] n enfermedad f.
pl illnesses.
illogical [IldZIkl] adj ilgico,-a.
illuminate [IlUmIneIt] vt iluminar.
illuminated [IlUmIneItd] adj (manu-
script) iluminado,-a.
illumination [IlUmIneISn] n 1 (light) ilu
minacin f. 2 (clarification) aclaracin.
illusion [IlUZn] n ilusin f, falsa im
presin f.
, Illusion no significa 'ilusin (espe
ranza)', que se traduce por hope.
illusionist [IlUZnIst] n ilusionista mf.
illustrate [IlstreIt] vt ilustrar.
illustrated [IlstreIt] adj ilustrado,-a.
, Illustrated no significa 'ilustrado
(culto)', que se traduce por learned.
illustration [IlstreISn] n 1 (gen) ilus
tracin f. 2 (example) ejemplo.
illustrative [IlstrtIv] adj 1 (gen)
ilustrativo,-a, ilustrador,-ra. 2 (exam-
ple) aclaratorio,-a.
Im [aIm] contr I am.
image [ImIdZ] n 1 (gen) imagen f. 2
(reputation) imagen f, fama, reputa
cin f.
imaginary [ImQdZInrI] adj imagina
rio,-a, inventado,-a.
 imagination
imagination [ImQdZIneIS n] n (gen)
imaginacin f; (inventiveness) inventiva.
imaginative [ImQdZIntIv] adj (person)
imaginativo,-a, de gran inventiva;
(creation) lleno,-a de imaginacin,
lleno,-a de fantasa.
imagine [ImQdZIn] vt 1 (visualize) ima
g i n a r. 2 ( s u p p o s e ) s u p o n e r,
imaginar(se), figurarse.
imam [ImAm] n imn m.
imbalance [ImbQlns] n desequili
brio.
IMF [aIemef] abbr (International Mone-
tary Fund) Fondo Monetario Inter
nacional; (abbreviation) FMI m.
imitate [ImIteIt] vt (gen) imitar, co
piar; (for fun) imitar.
imitation [ImIteIS n] n 1 (gen) imita
cin f, copia; (for fun) imitacin f. 2
(reproduction) reproduccin f.
P adj de imitacin.
immaterial [ImtIrIl] adj 1 (unimpor-
tant) irrelevante. 2 (incorporeal) inma
terial, incorpreo,-a.
immature [ImtjU r ] adj 1 (gen)
inmaduro,-a; (- plant) joven. 2 (child-
ish) inmaduro,-a, pueril.
immediate [ImidIt] adj 1 (instant)
inmediato,-a; (urgent) urgente. 2
(nearest) inmediato,-a, ms
prximo,-a. 3 (direct) primero,-a,
principal.
immediately [ImidItlI] adv (instantly,
at once) inmediatamente, de inme
diato, en seguida, en el acto.
immense [Imens] adj inmenso,-a,
enorme.
immensely [ImenslI] adv enorme
mente, sumamente.
immersion [ImSn] n 1 inmersin f,
sumersin f. 2 fig absorcin f.
immigrant [ImIgrnt] adj inmigrante.
P n inmigrante mf.
immigrate [ImIgreIt] vi inmigrar.
immigration [ImIgreISn] n inmigra
cin f.
imminent [ImInnt] adj inminente.
immoral [Imrl] adj inmoral.
188
immortal [Imtl] adj 1 (god, soul, etc)
inmortal. 2 fig (fame, memory, etc)
imperecedero,-a, perdurable.
P n inmortal mf.
immortality [ImtQlItI] n inmortali
dad f.
immune [ImjUn] adj 1 (gen) inmune
(to, a). 2 (exempt) exento,-a.
immunity [ImjUnItI] n 1 (gen) inmu
nidad f. 2 (exemption) exencin f.
immunize [ImjnaIz] vt inmunizar
(against, contra).
immunodeficient [ImjUnUdIfISnt]
adj inmunodeficiente.
immunodeficiency [ImjUnUdIfISn-
sI] n inmunodeficiencia.
immunology [ImjUnldZI] n inmu
nologa.
impact [(n) ImpQkt; (vb) ImpQkt] n 1
(gen) impacto; (crash) choque m. 2 (im-
pression, effect) efecto, impresin f, im
pacto.
P vt us (have impact on) impresionar.
impartial [ImpASl] adj imparcial.
impatience [ImpeISns] n 1 (eagerness)
impaciencia, ansiedad f. 2 (irritation)
impaciencia, irritacin f.
impatient [ImpeISnt] adj 1 (eager) im
paciente, ansioso,-a. 2 (irritable) irri
table. 3 fml (intolerant) intolerante.
impeachment [ImpitSmnt] n jur (ac-
cusation) acusacin f, denuncia; (trial)
proceso.
impeccable [Impekbl] adj (gen) im
pecable, perfecto,-a.
impending [ImpendIN] adj inminente.
imperative [ImpertIv] adj 1 (indispen-
sable) imprescindible. 2 (authoritative)
imperativo,-a, imperioso,-a. 3 ling
imperativo,-a.
imperfect [Impfekt] adj 1 (gen)
imperfecto,-a; (goods, sight)
defectuoso,-a. 2 ling imperfecto,-a.
P n the imperfect ling el imperfecto.
imperfection [ImpfekSn] n (gen) im
perfeccin f; (defect) defecto, tara, ta
cha; (blemish) mancha.

imperial [ImpIrIl] adj 1 (gen) impe
rial. 2 (weight, measure) del sistema mtrico
britnico.
imperialism [ImpIrIlIzm] n impe
rialismo.
imperialist [ImpIrIlIst] n imperia
lista mf.
impersonal [Impsnl] adj imperso
nal.
impersonate [ImpsneIt] vt 1 (imitate
to deceive) hacerse pasar por. 2 (imitate
to entertain) imitar.
impertinent [ImptInnt] adj imper
tinente, descarado,-a.
implant [(vb) ImplAnt; (n) ImplAnt] vt
1 med implantar, injertar. 2 (ideas, etc)
inculcar (in, en).
P n med implantacin f, injerto.
implement [ (n) Implmnt ; (vb)
ImplIment] n (instrument) instrumento,
utensilio; (tool) herramienta.
P vt (plan, suggestion, etc) llevar a cabo,
poner en prctica; (law, policy) aplicar.
implementation [ImplmenteISn] n
(of plan, etc) puesta en prctica, desa
rrollo; (of law, etc) aplicacin f.
implicate [ImplIkeIt] vt implicar, (in, en).
implication [ImplIkeISn] n implica
cin f.
implicit [ImplIsIt] adj 1 (implied)
implcito,-a, tcito,-a. 2 (absolute)
absoluto,-a, incondicional.
implied [ImplaId] adj implcito,-a,
tcito,-a.
imply [ImplaI] vt 1 (involve, entail) impli
car, suponer, presuponer. 2 (mean)
significar, querer decir; (hint) insi
nuar, dar a entender.
pt & pp implied.
impolite [ImplaIt] adj maleducado,-
a, descorts.
import [Impt] n 1 (article) artculo de
importacin. 2 (activity) importacin f.
P vt importar.
, To import no significa 'importar (tener
importancia)', que se traduce por to matter.
importance [Imptns] n importan
cia.
189 improve
important [Impt nt] adj 1 (gen) im
portante. 2 (influential) de categora.
importation [ImpteISn] n importa
cin f.
importer [Imptr] n importador,-ra.
impose [ImpUz] vt (gen) imponer (on, a).
a to impose on vt insep (take advantage
of) abusar de, aprovecharse de.
impossible [ImpsIbl] adj (gen) impo
sible.
impotence [Imptns] n impotencia.
impoverishment [ImpvrISmnt] n
empobrecimiento.
imprecise [ImprsaIs] adj impreci
so,-a, inexacto,-a.
imprecision [ImprsIZn] n impreci
sin f, falta de precisin.
impress [Impres] vt 1 (cause respect) im
I
presionar. 2 (emphasize, stress) subra
yar, convencer, recalcar. 3 fig grabar.
impression [ImpreSn] n 1 (gen) impre
sin f. 2 (imitation) imitacin f. 3 (imprint,
mark) marca, seal f, impresin f; (in
wax, plaster) molde m; (of foot, etc) huella.
4 (reprint) impresin f, edicin f.
impressionism [ImpreSnIzm] n art
impresionismo.
impressionist [ImpreS nIst] adj art
impresionista.
P n 1 art impresionista. 2 (mimic)
imitador,-ra.
impressive [ImpresIv] adj impresio
nante.
imprison [ImprIz n] vt encarcelar,
meter en la crcel.
imprisonment [ImprIznmnt] n en
carcelamiento.
improbable [Imprbbl] adj 1 (event)
improbable. 2 (story, explanation) inve
rosmil.
improper [Imprpr] adj 1 (behaviour)
impropio,-a; (method, conditions)
inadecuado,-a. 3 (language) indecen
te. 2 (proposal) deshonesto,-a.
improve [ImprUv] vt 1 (quality, etc) me
jorar. 2 (skill, knowledge) perfeccionar.
3 (mind) cultivar. 4 (property) hacer
mejoras en. 5 (increase) aumentar.
P vi (get better) mejorar, mejorarse.
 improvement
a to improve on vt insep (better) supe
rar.
improvement [ImprUvmnt] n 1 (gen)
mejora, mejoramiento; (in health)
mejora. 2 (in knowledge) perfecciona
miento. 3 (increase) aumento.
improvise [ImprvaIz] vt improvisar.
imprudent [ImprUdnt] adj fml (unwise)
imprudente; (rash) precipitado,-a.
impudent [ImpjUdnt] adj insolente,
fresco,-a, descarado,-a.
impulse [Impls] n 1 (sudden urge) im
pulso, capricho; (stimulus, drive) impul
so, estmulo, mpetu m. 2 tech im
pulso.
impulsive [ImplsIv] adj impulsivo,-a,
irreflexivo,-a.
impunity [ImpjUnItI] n impunidad f.
impure [ImpjU r] adj 1 (contaminated)
contaminado,-a; (adulterated)
adulterado,-a. 2 (morally - act) impuro,-a;
(- thought) impdico,-a, deshonesto,-a.
in1 [In] prep 1 (place) en, dentro de: its in
the box est en la caja. 2 (motion) en, a:
we arrived in Bonn llegamos a Bonn. 3
(time - during) en, durante: in 1980 en
1980. 4 (time - within) en, dentro de. 5
(wearing) en, vestido,-a de: the woman
in black la mujer vestida de negro. 6
(state, condition) en. 7 (ratio, measurement,
number) varias traducciones: in twos de dos
en dos; shes in her thirties tiene treinta y
tantos aos. 8 (profession) en: shes in tel-
evision trabaja en la televisin. 9 (weather,
light) varias traducciones: walking in the rain
caminando bajo la lluvia. 10 (after super-
lative) de: the tallest in the class el ms al
to de la clase. l o c in all en total.
P adv 1 (motion) dentro. 2 (tide) alto,-a.
3 (fashionable) de moda: hats are in los
sombreros estn de moda. 4 (on sale, ob-
tainable) disponible.
P n pl ins and outs (details) detalles mpl,
pormenores mpl.
P phr to be in (at home) estar en casa; (at
work) estar.
inability [InbIlItI] n incapacidad f.
inaccessible [InQksesbl] adj inacce
sible.
190
inaccuracy [InQkjrsI] n 1 (gen) in
exactitud f. 2 (error) error m, incorrec
cin f.
pl inaccuracies.
inaccurate [InQkjrt] adj (gen)
inexacto,-a; (incorrect) incorrecto,-a,
errneo,-a.
inactive [InQktIv] adj inactivo,-a.
inactivity [InQktIvtI] n inactividad f.
inadequate [InQdIkwt] adj 1 (not suffi-
cient) insuficiente; (not appropriate)
inadecuado,-a. 2 (person) incapaz,
incompetente. 3 (defective) defectuo
so,-a, imperfecto,-a.
inanimate [InQnImt] adj inani
mado,-a.
inappropriate [InprUprIt] adj (un-
suitable - clothes, behaviour) poco
apropiado,-a, no apropiado,-a; (-
time, remark) inoportuno,-a, inconve
niente.
inarticulate [InAtIkjUlt] adj 1 (person)
incapaz de expresarse. 2 (speech,
words, writing) mal expresado,-a, inco
herente. 3 (cry, sound) inarticulado,-a.
4 (joints) inarticulado,-a.
inattentive [IntentIv] adj (not paying
attention) poco atento,-a, distrado,-a;
(not attentive) poco atento,-a.
inaudible [Indbl] adj inaudible,
imperceptible.
inaugural [IngjUrl] adj inaugural,
de inauguracin, de apertura.
inaugurate [IngjUreIt] vt 1 (building,
exhibition, etc) inaugurar. 2 (president, etc)
investir.
inauguration [IngjUreISn] n 1 (of build-
ing, etc) inauguracin f. 2 (of president, etc)
investidura, toma de posesin.
inborn [Inbn] adj innato,-a.
inbox [Inbks] n bandeja de entrada.
inbred [Inbred] adj 1 (innate) innato,-a. 2
(produced by inbreeding) endogmico,-a.
Inc [InkpreItId] abbr us (Incorporat-
ed) sociedad f annima; (abbrevia-
tion) S.A.
incantation [InkQnteISn] n conjuro,
ensalmo.

incapable [InkeIpb l] adj 1 (unable) in
capaz. 2 (incompetent) incompetente.
3 (helpless) impotente,
imposibilitado,-a.
incapacity [InkpQsItI] n incapaci
dad f.
incense1 [Insens] n incienso.
incense2 [Insens] vt (make angry) enfu
recer, poner furioso,-a.
incentive [InsentIv] n incentivo, est
mulo, aliciente m.
incest [Insest] n incesto.
inch [IntS] n 1 (measurement) pulgada. 2
(small amount) poco, pelo, pice m.
pl inches.
. Equivale a 2,54 cm.
incidence [InsIdns] n 1 (occurrence) fre
cuencia, extensin f. 2 phys incidencia.
incident [InsIdnt] n (event) incidente
m; (violent episode) altercado.
incidentally [InsIdentlI] adv 1 (by the
way) a propsito, por cierto, dicho sea
de paso. 2 (by chance) por casualidad.
incinerate [InsInreIt] vt incinerar,
quemar.
incineration [InsInreISn] n incinera
cin f, quema.
incision [InsIZn] n incisin f.
incisive [InsaIsIv] adj 1 (comment, wit)
incisivo,-a, mordaz. 2 (mind) pene
trante.
incisor [InsaIzr] n (diente m) incisivo.
inclination [InklIneISn] n 1 (tendency)
inclinacin f, tendencia; (disposition)
disposicin f, propensin f. 2 (slope)
inclinacin f, pendiente f. 3 (bow) in
clinacin f.
incline [(n) InklaIn; (vb) InklaIn] n pen
diente f, inclinacin f, cuesta.
P vt 1 (bend forward) inclinar. 2 fml (per-
suade, influence) inclinar, predisponer.
P vi 1 (slope) inclinarse, estar
inclinado,-a. 2 (tend) tender a, tener
tendencia a.
inclined [InklaInd] adj 1 (disposed, en-
couraged) dispuesto,-a (to, a). 2 (tending
to) propenso,-a. 3 (having natural ability)
dotado,-a. 4 (sloping) inclinado,-a.
include [InklUd] vt incluir.
191 inconsistent
including [InklUdIN] prep incluso, in
cluyendo.
inclusion [InklUZn] n inclusin f.
inclusive [InklUsIv] adj inclusive.
incognito [InkgnitU] adv de incg
nito.
incoherence [InkUhIrns] n incohe
rencia.
incoherent [InkUhIrnt] adj incohe
rente.
income [Inkm] n (from work) ingresos
mpl, renta; (from investment) rditos mpl.
c o m p income tax impuesto sobre la
renta.
incompatibility [InkmpQtbIlItI] n
incompatibilidad f.
pl incompatibilities.
incompatible [InkmpQtbl] adj in
compatible (with, con). I
incompetence [Inkmpt ns] n in
competencia, ineptitud f, incapaci
dad f.
incompetent [Inkmpt nt] adj in
competente, inepto,-a, incapaz.
P n incompetente mf, inepto,-a.
incomplete [Inkmplit] adj 1 (not
whole) incompleto,-a; (not finished)
inacabado,-a, sin terminar. 2 (partial)
parcial.
incomprehensible [InkmprIhens-
bl] adj incomprensible.
inconceivable [Inknsivbl] adj 1 in
concebible. 2 fam imposible, increble.
inconclusive [InknklUsIv] adj 1 (de-
bate, vote, etc) no decisivo,-a. 2 (evi-
dence, result, etc) no concluyente.
inconsequent [InknsIkwnt] adj 1
(not following logically) inconsecuente.
2 (inconsequential) de poca importan
cia, sin trascendencia.
inconsiderate [InknsIdrt] adj des
considerado,-a, inconsiderado,-a,
poco atento,-a.
inconsistent [InknsIstnt] adj 1 (not
agreeing with, at variance with) inconse
cuente; (contradictory) contradictorio,
-a. 2 (changeable - weather) variable;
(- person) inconstante, voluble, irregu
lar; (- behaviour) imprevisible, irregular.
 inconstant
inconstant [Inknst nt] adj 1 (person)
inconstante, veleidoso,-a, mudable.
2 (not fixed) variable.
incontinence [InkntInns] n inconti
nencia.
inconvenience [InknvinIns] n (gen)
inconveniente m; (trouble, difficulty) mo
lestia, dificultad f; (hindrance) estorbo,
obstculo; (discomfort) incomodidad f:
Im sorry to cause you so much inconvenience
siento causarle tanta molestia.
P vt (annoy) causar molestia a, moles
tar; (cause difficulty) incomodar.
inconvenient [InknvinInt] adj 1 (gen)
inconveniente, molesto,-a,
incmodo,-a; (place) mal situado,-a;
(time) mal, inoportuno,-a; (arrangement)
poco prctico,-a. 2 (fact) incmodo,-a.
incorporate [InkpreIt] vt 1 (make
part of, include in) incorporar (in/into,
a), incluir (in/into, en); (include, contain)
incluir, contener. 2 us (company) cons
tituir, constituir en sociedad.
P adj us (company) constituido,-a,
constituido,-a en sociedad.
, To incorporate no significa 'incorpo
rarse (levantarse)', que se traduce por to
sit up.
incorrect [Inkrekt] adj 1 (wrong, untrue)
incorrecto,-a, errneo,-a,
equivocado,-a. 2 (- dress) impropio,-
a, inadecuado,-a.
increase [(n) Inkris; (vb) Inkris] n (gen)
aumento, incremento; (in price, tem-
perature) subida, alza.
P vt (gen) aumentar, incrementar;
(temperature) subir.
increasing [InkrisIN] adj creciente.
increasingly [InkrisINlI] adv cada vez
ms.
incredible [InkredIbl] adj (unbelievable)
increble, inverosmil; (amazing)
fantstico,-a.
incredulous [Inkredjls] adj incrdu
lo,-a.
increment [InkrImnt] n aumento,
incremento.
incriminate [InkrImIneIt] vt incrimi
nar.
192
incubate [InkjUbeIt] vt incubar.
P vi (of eggs) incubar; (of bird) empollar.
incubation [InkjUbeISn] n incubacin f.
incubator [InkjUbeItr] n incubadora.
incurable [InkjUrbl] adj 1 (disease)
incurable. 2 fig (loss) irremediable;
(habit, optimist) incorregible.
P n enfermo,-a incurable.
indebted [IndetId] adj 1 (in debt)
endeudado,-a. 2 fig (grateful) agra
decido,-a.
indecent [Indisnt] adj 1 (obscene) in
decente, indecoroso,-a, obsceno,-a.
2 (improper) impropio,-a, indebido,-a,
injustificado,-a; (undue) excesivo,-a.
indecisive [IndIsaIsIv] adj 1 (hesitant)
indeciso,-a, irresoluto,-a. 2 (inconclu-
sive) poco concluyente, no conclu
yente, no decisivo,-a.
indeed [Indid] adv 1 (yes, certainly)
efectivamente, en efecto: are you Mr
Fox? yes, indeed es el Sr Fox? s, efectiva
mente. 2 (intensifier) realmente, de ve
ras, de verdad: thank you very much in-
deed muchsimas gracias. 3 fml (in fact)
realmente, en realidad, de hecho;
(what is more) es ms.
indefinite [IndefInt] adj 1 (vague, not
precise) indefinido,-a, vago,-a,
impreciso,-a. 2 (not fixed - period of time,
amount, number) i n d e f i n i d o , - a ,
indeterminado,-a.
indefinitely [IndefIntlI] adv indefini
damente.
indemnity [IndemnItI] n 1 (insurance,
guarantee) indemnidad f (against, con
tra). 2 (compensation) indemnizacin f
(for, por), reparacin f, compensa
cin f.
pl indemnities.
indent [(vb) Indent; (n) Indent] vt (text)
sangrar.
P vi gb (order) hacer un pedido ( for ,
de), encargar (for, -).
P n gb (order) pedido.
indentation [IndenteISn] n 1 (in text)
sangra. 2 (notch in edge, mark) mella,
muesca.
independence [IndIpendns] n inde
pendencia (from, de).

independent [IndIpend nt] adj (gen)
independiente.
P n pol (candidato,-a) independiente
mf.
in-depth [IndepT] adj minucioso,-a,
exhaustivo,-a, a fondo.
indeterminate [IndItmInt] adj
indeterminado,-a.
India [IndI] n (la) India. c o m p India
rubber caucho.
index [Indeks] n ndice. c o m p index
finger dedo ndice.
pl indixes o indices [IndIsiz].
Indian [IndIn] adj indio,-a, hind mf.
P n indio,-a, hind. c o m p the Indian
Ocean el ocano Indico.
indicate [IndIkeIt] vt indicar, sealar,
marcar.
P vi auto poner el intermitente.
indication [IndIkeISn] n (gen) indicio,
seal f, indicacin f.
indicative [IndIktIv] adj 1 fml indica
tivo,-a (of, de). 2 ling indicativo,-a.
P n ling indicativo.
indicator [IndIkeItr] n 1 (gen) indica
dor m. 2 auto intermitente m.
indices [IndIsiz] n pl index.
indictment [IndaItmnt] n 1 jur acusa
cin f, sumario. 2 fig (criticism) crtica.
indifference [IndIfrns] n indiferen
cia (to, ante).
indifferent [IndIfrnt] adj 1 (gen) indi
ferente (to, a). 2 (mediocre, average) me
diocre, regular, pobre.
, Indifferent no significa 'indiferente
(irrelevante)', que se traduce por immate-
rial.
indigestion [IndIdZestSn] n indiges
tin f, empacho.
indignation [IndIgneISn] n indigna
cin f (about/over, por) (at, ante/por).
indigo [IndIgU] n ail m.
indirect [IndIrekt] adj indirecto,-a.
indirectly [IndIrektlI] adv indirecta
mente.
indissoluble [IndIsljbl] adj fml (can-
not be dissolved) indisoluble; (cannot be
broken) inseparable.
193 inefficient
individual [IndIvIdjUl] adj 1 (single,
separate) por separado. 2 (for one person)
individual. 3 (particular, personal) per
sonal, propio,-a. 4 (different, unique)
personal, original.
P n 1 (person) individuo, persona. 2 fam
individuo, tipo, to,-a.
individualism [IndIvIdZUlIzm] n in
dividualismo.
individualist [IndIvIdZUlIst] n indi
vidualista mf.
individually [IndIvIdZUlI] adv (sepa-
rately) individualmente, por separa
do; (one by one) uno por uno.
indivisible [IndIvIzbl] adj indivisible.
indoor [Indr] adj 1 (aerial, plant, photog-
raphy, etc) interior; (clothes, etc) de estar
por casa. 2 sp (swimming pool, running
I
track) cubierto,-a.
indoors [Indz] adv (inside house) den
tro (de casa); (at home) en casa; (inside
building) a cubierto, dentro.
induction [IndvkSn] n 1 (initiation - gen)
admisin f, ingreso; (- of priest) insta
lacin f. 2 us (recruitment) reclutamien
to. 3 (logic) induccin f.
inductive [IndktIv] adj inductivo,-a.
indulgence [IndldZns] n 1 (luxury)
(pequeo) lujo; (bad habit) vicio. 2 (of
desire, whim) satisfaccin f, compla
cencia; (partaking - of food, drink) abuso;
(of person) consentimiento; (of child)
mimo. 3 rel indulgencia.
industrial [IndstrIl] adj industrial.
industrialize [IndstrIlaIz] vt indus
trializar.
P vi industrializarse.
industrious [IndstrIs] adj (hard-work-
ing) trabajador,-ra, laborioso,-a; (dili-
gent) diligente, aplicado,-a.
industry [IndstrI] n 1 (gen) industria.
2 fml (hard work) diligencia.
pl industries.
inefficiency [InIfISnsI] n 1 (gen) inefi
cacia. 2 (of person) incompetencia, in
eficiencia, ineptitud f.
inefficient [InIfISnt] adj 1 (gen) ine
ficaz. 2 (person) incompetente, inefi
ciente, poco eficiente.
 inept
inept [Inept] adj (person) inepto,-a, in
capaz; (remark) torpe.
inequality [InIkwltI] n desigualdad f.
pl inequalities.
inequity [InekwtI] n injusticia.
pl inequities.
inertia [InS] n 1 phys inercia. 2 (leth-
argy) inercia, letargo, apata.
inevitable [InevItbl] adj 1 (unavoida-
ble) inevitable. 2 fam (usual) sempiter
no,-a, consabido,-a, de siempre.
inexact [InIgzQkt] adj inexacto,-a.
inexpensive [ I n I k s p e n s I v ] adj
barato,-a, econmico,-a.
inexperience [InIkspIrIns] n inex
periencia, falta de experiencia.
inexpert [Inekspt] adj (person) inex
perto,-a (at, en).
inexplicable [InIksplIkbl] adj inex
plicable.
inexpressive [InIkspresIv] adj inex
presivo,-a.
infant [Infnt] n 1 (baby) beb m ,
nio,-a; (at infant school) nio,-a,
prvulo,-a. 2 gb menor mf de edad.
c o m p infant school escuela primaria.
infanticide [InfQntIsaId] n 1 (crime) in
fanticidio. 2 (person) infanticida mf.
infantry [InfntrI] n infantera.
infect [Infekt] vt 1 (wound, cut, etc) infec
tar; (food, water, etc) contaminar; (per-
son) contagiar. 2 fig (emotions) conta
giar. 3 (poison) envenenar.
infection [InfekSn] n 1 (of wound, cut,
etc) infeccin f; (of food, water, etc) con
taminacin f; (with illness) infeccin f,
contagio. 2 (disease) infeccin f.
infectious [InfekSs] adj infeccioso,-a,
contagioso,-a.
inferior [InfIrIr] adj inferior (to, a).
P n inferior mf.
inferiority [InfIrIrtI] n inferioridad f.
infertility [InftIltI] n esterilidad f.
infidel [InfIdl] n infiel mf (que no pro-
fesa una fe).
, Infidel no significa 'infiel (con la pareja,
un amigo)', que se traduce por unfaithful.
infidelity [InfIdeltI] n infidelidad f.
pl infidelities.
194
infiltration [InfIltreISn] n infiltracin f.
infinite [InfInt] adj (endless) infinito,-a;
(very great) sin lmites.
P n the Infinite Dios m.
infinitesimal [InfInItesIml] adj infini
tesimal, infinitsimo,-a.
infinitive [InfInItIv] n ling infinitivo.
infinity [InfInItI] n 1 (gen) infinidad f.
2 math infinito.
infirmary [InfmrI] n 1 (hospital) hos
pital m. 2 (in school, etc) enfermera.
pl infirmaries.
inflammable [InflQmbl] adj 1 infla
mable. 2 fam fig explosivo,-a.
inflammation [InflmeISn] n infla
macin f.
inflate [InfleIt] vt 1 inflar, hinchar. 2
fig inflar, hinchar, exagerar. 3 (econo-
my) inflar.
inflation [InfleISn] n inflacin f.
inflexible [InfleksIbl] adj inflexible.
inflict [InflIkt] vt 1 (grief, suffering, pain)
causar (on, a); (blow) dar a, asestar a,
propinar a; (defeat, punishment) infligir
(on, a), imponer (on, a); (grief, suffering,
pain) causar (on, a). 2 fig (view, etc) im
poner (on, a).
influence [InflUns] n (gen) influencia.
P vt (decision, etc) influir en/sobre; (per-
son) influenciar.
influential [InflUenSl] adj influyente.
influenza [InflUenz] n gripe f.
info [InfU] n fam informacin f.
inform [Infm] vt informar, notificar.
informal [Infml] adj (speech) infor
mal, familiar; (discussion) informal.
, Informal no significa 'informal (poco
serio)', que se traduce por unreliable.
information [InfmeIS n] n (gen) in
formacin f; (facts) datos mpl.
informative [InfmtIv] adj infor
mativo,-a.
infrared [Infrred] adj infrarrojo,-a.
infrastructure [InfrstrktSr] n in
fraestructura.
infringe [InfrIndZ] vt (law, rule, etc) in
fringir, transgredir, violar; (copyright,

agreement, etc) no respetar; (liberty, rights)
violar, usurpar.
infuriate [InfjUrIeIt] vt enfurecer,
poner furioso,-a, sacar de quicio.
ingenious [IndZinIs] adj (person, thing)
ingenioso,-a; (idea) genial.
ingenuity [IndZInjUItI] n ingenio, in
geniosidad f, inventiva.
ingredient [IngridInt] n 1 culin in
grediente m. 2 fig componente m,
elemento.
inhabit [InhQbIt] vt habitar, vivir en,
ocupar, poblar.
inhabitable [InhQbItbl] adj habitable.
, Inhabitable no significa 'inhabita
ble', que se traduce por uninhabitable.
inhabitant [InhQbItnt] n habitante mf.
inhalation [InhleISn] n inhalacin f.
inhale [InheIl] vt (air) aspirar, respirar;
(gas, vapour) inhalar.
inherit [InherIt] vt heredar (from, de).
inheritance [InherItns] n (money, prop-
erty, etc) herencia (from, de); (succession)
sucesin f.
inheritor [InherItr] n heredero,-a.
inhibit [InhIbIt] vt 1 (person) inhibir,
cohibir. 2 (hold back - attempt) inhibir. 3
(prevent) impedir, restringir.
inhuman [InhjUmn] adj inhumano,-a.
initial [InISl] adj inicial, primero,-a.
P n inicial f, letra inicial.
P n pl initials (of name) iniciales fpl; (of
abbreviation) siglas fpl.
initially [InISlI] adv al principio.
initiate [(vb) InISIeIt; (n) InISIt] vt 1
(gen) iniciar; (reform, plan, etc) promo
ver. 2 jur entablar. 3 (admit, introduce)
admitir (into, en).
P n iniciado,-a.
initiative [InISItIv] n iniciativa.
inject [IndZekt] vt 1 (drug, etc) inyectar;
(person) poner una inyeccin a, pin
char. 2 fig (new ideas, enthusiasm, etc) in
fundir; (money, resources, etc) invertir.
injection [IndZekSn] n 1 inyeccin f.
injure [IndZr] vt 1 herir, lesionar, las
timar. 2 fig (feelings) herir; (health, repu-
tation, etc) perjudicar.
195 input
injured [IndZd] adj 1 (hurt) herido,-a,
lesionado,-a, lastimado,-a. 2 fig (of-
fended - feeling) herido,-a; (- look, tone, etc)
ofendido,-a.
P n pl the injured los heridos.
injury [IndZrI] n 1 herida, lesin f. 2
fig (to feelings, etc) dao; (to reputation)
agravio.
pl injuries.
, Injury no significa 'injuria', que se tra
duce por insult.
injustice [IndZstIs] n injusticia.
ink [INk] n tinta.
P vt entintar.
inkblot [INkblt] n borrn m.
inkjet printer [INkdZet prIntr] n im
presora de chorro de tinta.
inkpad [INkpQd] n tampn m de en I
tintar, almohadilla.
inland [(adj) Inlnd; (adv) InlQnd] adj
(del) interior.
P adv (travel) tierra adentro, hacia el
interior; (live) en el interior. c o m p In
land Revenue gb Hacienda.
inn [In] n (with lodgings) posada, fonda,
mesn m; (in country) venta; (pub) ta
berna.
innate [IneIt] adj innato,-a.
inner [Inr] adj 1 (room, region, etc) inte
rior; (organization) interno,-a. 2 (feelings,
etc) interior, ntimo,-a.
innocence [Insns] n inocencia.
innocent [Insnt] adj (gen) inocente;
(harmless) inocuo,-a, inofensivo,-a;
(naive) ingenuo,-a.
innovate [InveIt] vi innovar.
innumerable [InjUmrbl] adj innu
merable.
inopportune [InptjUn] adj inopor
tuno,-a.
inorganic [IngQnIk] adj inorg
nico,-a.
input [InpUt] n (of power) entrada; (of
money, resources) inversin f; (of data) in
put m.
P vt comput entrar, introducir.
pt & pp input o inputted.
 inquire
inquire [InkwaI ] vi fml preguntar, in
r
formarse.
a to inquire into vt insep investigar.
inquiry [InkwaI rI] n 1 fml (question)
pregunta. 2 (investigation) investiga
cin f.
pl inquiries.
inquisition [InkwIzISn] n investiga
cin f, inquisicin f. c o m p the Inquisi
tion hist la Inquisicin f.
inquisitive InkwIzItIv] adj (person) cu
rioso,-a.
inroads [InrUds] n pl (raid) incursin f
sing.
P n fig (encroachment) intrusin f.
insalubrious [InslUbrIs] adj fml in
salubre.
insane [InseIn] adj 1 (person) loco,-a,
demente; (act) insensato,-a. 2 fam
(idea, etc) loco,-a. l o c to go insane vol
verse loco,-a.
, Insane no significa 'insano', que se
traduce por unhealthy.
inscription [InskrIpSn] n (gen) inscrip
cin f; (in book) dedicatoria.
insect [Insekt] n insecto.
insecticide [InsektIsaId] n insectici
da m.
insecure [InsIkjUr] adj inseguro,-a.
insecurity [InsIkjUrItI] n inseguridad f.
inseminate [InsemIneIt] vt inseminar.
insensitive [InsenstIv] adj insensible.
insert [(vb) Inst; (n) Inst] vt (gen) in ment, etc) instalar. 2 (person) instalar,
troducir en, meter en; (comment, clause,
paragraph, etc) incluir (in, en), insertar
(in, en); (advertisement) poner (in, en).
P n (in book, newspaper) encarte m; (in
clothing) aadido.
inside [InsaId] n 1 interior m, parte f
interior. 2 (driving on left) la izquierda;
(driving on right) la derecha.
P adv (position) dentro; (movement)
adentro. l o c inside out del revs.
P prep dentro de.
P n pl insides fam entraas fpl, tripas
fpl.
insight [InsaIt] n 1 (deep understanding,
perception) perspicacia, penetracin f.
2 (sudden understanding) idea.
196
insignificant [InsIgnIfIknt] adj insig
nificante.
insincere [InsInsIr] adj poco since
ro,-a, insincero,-a, falso,-a.
insinuate [InsInjUeIt] vt 1 (hint, suggest)
insinuar, dar a entender. 2 (worm, in-
stall) insinuarse (into, en).
insist [InsIst] vt 1 (declare firmly) insistir
en. 2 (demand forcefully) exigir.
insolence [Inslns] n insolencia.
insolent [Inslnt] adj insolente.
insoluble [Insljbl] adj 1 (of substanc-
es) insoluble, indisoluble. 2 fig sin
solucin, insoluble.
insomnia [InsmnI] n insomnio.
inspect [Inspekt] vt (gen) inspeccionar,
examinar, revisar.
inspection [InspekSn] n 1 (gen) ins
peccin f, examen, revisin f 2 (of
luggage) registro.
inspector [Inspektr] n (gen) inspec
tor,-ra; (on train) revisor,-ra; (in police)
inspector,-ra de polica.
inspiration [InspIreISn] n 1 (gen) inspi
racin f. 2 fam (good idea) genialidad f.
inspire [InspaIr] vt 1 (gen) inspirar. 2
(encourage) estimular, animar, mover.
3 (fill with - fear) infundir; (- confidence,
respect) inspirar.
, To inspire no significa 'inspirar (aire)',
que se traduce por to breathe, to inhale.
install [Instl] [also instal] vt 1 (equip-
colocar.
installation [InstleISn] n instalacin f.
installment [Instlmnt] n us in
stalment
instalment [Instlmnt] n 1 (of pay-
ment) plazo. 2 (of book, story, etc) entre
ga; (of collection) fascculo.
instance [Instns] n ejemplo, caso.
l o c for instance por ejemplo.
P vt poner por caso, citar como
ejemplo.
, Instance no significa 'instancia (for
mulario)', que se traduce por form.
instant [Inst nt] n instante m , mo
mento.

P adj 1 (at once) inmediato,-a. 2 (coffee,
etc) instantneo,-a. 3 fml (urgent) ur
gente. 4 comm (of the present month) del
corriente.
instantly [InstntlI] adv al instante,
inmediatamente.
instead [Insted] adv en cambio, en su
lugar: Mrs Jones couldnt do the class so I
did it instead la Seora Jones no pudo dar
la clase as que yo la di en su lugar.
P prep instead of en vez de, en lugar
de: we should eat more fish instead of meat
deberamos comer ms pescado en lu
gar de carne.
instinct [InstINkt] n instinto.
instinctive [InstINktIv] adj instintivo,-a.
institute [InstItjUt] n 1 (gen) institu
to, centro. 2 (professional body) colegio,
asociacin f; (educational) escuela.
P vt fml (organize, establish) instituir, es
tablecer, fundar; (initiate - enquiry) ini
ciar, empezar; (- proceedings) entablar.
institution [InstItjUSn] n 1 (gen) ins
titucin f 3 (home) asilo; (asylum) hos
pital m psiquitrico, manicomio; (or-
phanage) orfanato.
instruct [Instrkt] vt 1 (teach) instruir,
ensear; (inform) informar. 2 (order) or
denar, mandar, dar instrucciones. 3
jur (solicitor, barrister) dar instrucciones
a; (jury) instruir.
instruction [InstrkSn] n 1 (teaching)
instruccin f, enseanza. 2 (order) or
den f, mandato.
instructor [Instrktr] n (gen) instruc
tor,-ra; (of driving) profesor,-ra; (of
sport) monitor,-ra.
instrument [Instrmnt] n instru
mento.
insufficient [InsfISnt] adj insuficiente.
insulate [InsjleIt] vt 1 tech aislar
(against/from, de). 2 fig (protect) pro
teger (against, contra), (from, de).
insulation [InsjleISn] n tech aisla
miento.
insulator [InsjleItr] n tech aislante
m, aislador m.
insulin [InsjlIn] n insulina.
insult [(n) Inslt; (vb) Inslt] n insulto.
P vt insultar, ofender, injuriar.
197 intensity
insurance [InSUrns] n 1 seguro. 2 fig
(safeguard) salvaguarda, proteccin f,
garanta.
insure [InSUr] vt 1 asegurar (against,
contra). 2 us (ensure) asegurar.
insurgent [InsdZnt] adj insurgen
te, insurrecto,-a.
insurrection [InsrekSn] n insurrec
cin f.
intact [IntQkt] adj intacto,-a.
intake [InteIk] n 1 (of food, etc) consu
mo; (of breath) inhalacin f. 2 tech (of
air, water) entrada; (of electricity, gas, wa-
ter) toma. 3 (number of people) nmero
de personas inscritas.
integer [IntIdZr] n math entero, n
mero entero.
integral [IntIgrl] adj 1 (intrinsic, essen-
tial) integral, esencial, fundamental. I
2 (built-in) incorporado,-a. 3 math in
tegral.
integrity [IntegrtI] n 1 (honesty) inte
gridad f, honradez f. 2 (completeness)
totalidad f.
intellect [Intlekt] n 1 (intelligence) inte
lecto, inteligencia. 2 (person) intelec
tual mf.
intellectual [IntlektjUl] adj intelec
tual.
P n intelectual mf.
intelligence [IntelIdZns] n 1 (gen) in
teligencia. 2 (information) informacin
f, espionaje m.
intelligent [IntelIZnt] adj inteligente.
intend [Intend] vt 1 (plan, mean, have in
mind) tener la intencin de, tener el
propsito de, proponerse, pensar,
querer. 2 (destine for) ir dirigido,-a a.
intense [Intens] adj 1 (gen) intenso,-a,
fuerte; (stare) penetrante. 2 (emotions)
profundo,-a, grande, vivo,-a. 3 (per-
son) muy serio,-a.
intensify [IntensIfaI] vt (search, cam-
paign) intensificar; (effort) redoblar;
(production, pollution, pain) aumentar.
pt & pp intensified, ger intensifying.
intensity [IntensItI] n 1 intensidad f.
2 (of person) seriedad f.
pl intensities.
 intensive
intensive [IntensIv] adj 1 (course, training,
etc) intensivo,-a. 2 (search) minucioso,-
a; (study) profundo,-a. c o m p intensive
care cuidados mpl intensivos.
intention [IntenS n] n (purpose, aim,
plan, determination) intencin f, prop
sito.
interact [IntrQkt] vi 1 (people) relacio
narse, interaccionar. 2 chem reaccio
nar.
interaction [IntrQkSn] n interaccin f.
interactive [IntrQktIv] adj
interactivo,-a.
inter-city [IntsItI] adj interurbano,-a,
de largo recorrido.
intercom [Intkm] n interfono.
interconnection [IntknekSn] n in
terconexin f.
intercontinental [IntkntInentl] adj
intercontinental.
intercostal [Intkstl] adj intercostal.
intercourse [Intks] n 1 (dealings)
trato. 2 (sexual) coito, relaciones fpl
sexuales.
interest [Intrst] n 1 (gen) inters m. 2
(hobby) aficin f, inters m. 3 (advan-
tage, benefit) provecho, beneficio. 4
comm (share, stake) participacin f, in
ters m. 5 fin (money) inters m, rdito.
P vt interesar.
interested [IntrstId] adj interesa
do,-a (in, en).
interesting [IntrstIN] adj interesante.
interface [IntfeIs] n 1 comput inter
face f, interfaz f. 2 fig terreno co
mn.
interfere [IntfIr] vi (meddle) entrome
terse (in, en), inmiscuirse (in, en).
interference [IntfIrns] n 1 (med-
dling) intromisin f, entrometimien
to, injerencia. 2 (with broadcast) inter
ferencia.
interior [IntIrIr] adj interior.
P n interior m, parte f interior.
interjection [IntdZekSn] n 1 (part of
speech) interjeccin f. 2 (comment) in
terposicin f.
intermediate [IntmidIt] adj inter
medio,-a.
198
internal [Intnl] adj interno,-a.
international [IntnQSnl] adj inter
nacional.
internationalize [IntnQSnlaIz] vt
internacionalizar.
Internet [Intnet] n Internet f.
interpret [Intprt] vt (gen) interpre
tar; (understand) interpretar, entender.
interpretation [IntprteISn] n in
terpretacin f.
interpreter [Intprtr] n intrprete mf.
interrogate [IntergeIt] vt interrogar.
interrogation [IntergeISn] n inte
rrogatorio.
interrogative [IntrgQtIv] adj fml
interrogativo,-a.
P n ling (word) palabra interrogativa;
(phrase) oracin f interrogativa.
interrupt [Intrpt] vt interrumpir.
P vi interrumpir.
interruption [IntrpSn] n interrup
cin f.
interstate [IntsteIt] adj (esp us) inter
estatal, entre estados.
interval [Intvl] n 1 (in time, space) in
tervalo (between, entre). 2 (in play,
film, etc) intermedio, descanso; (in
play) entreacto. 3 (pause, break) pausa;
(silence) silencio; (rest) descanso. 4 mus
intervalo.
intervene [Intvin] vi 1 (person) inter
venir (in, en). 2 (event, etc) sobrevenir,
ocurrir. 3 fml (time) transcurrir, me
diar.
, To intervene no significa 'intervenir
(operar)', que se traduce por to operate on.
interview [IntvjU] n (gen) entrevista;
(press) entrevista.
P vt entrevistar, hacer una entrevista
a, entrevistarse con.
interviewee [IntvjUi] n entrevis
tado,-a.
interviewer [IntvjUr] n entrevis
tador,-ra.
intervocalic [IntvkQlIk] adj inter
voclico,-a.
intestinal [IntestInl] adj intestinal.

intestine [IntestIn] n intestino. comp
large intestine intestino grueso. y
small intestine intestino delgado.
intimate1 [IntImt] adj 1 (gen) ntimo,-a;
(link, etc) estrecho,-a. 2 (knowledge)
profundo,-a.
P n (friend) amigo,-a ntimo,-a.
intimate2 [IntImeIt] vi fml insinuar,
dar a entender.
, To intimate no significa 'intimar (co
nocerse mejor)', que se traduce por to be-
come close.
intimidate [IntImIdeIt] vt intimidar.
into [IntU] prep 1 (indicating movement)
en, dentro de, a; (in direction of) a, ha
cia; (against) contra, con. 2 (time, age)
hasta. 3 (indicating change) en, a: he
turned water into wine transform el agua
en vino. 4 math entre: whats four into
twenty? cunto son veinte entre cuatro?
intolerant [Intlrnt] adj intoleran
te, intransigente.
intonation [IntneISn] n entonacin f.
intoxicate [IntksIkeIt] vt 1 fml embria
gar, emborrachar. 2 fig embriagar.
, To intoxicate no significa 'intoxicar',
que se traduce por to poison.
intoxication [IntksIkeIS n] n em
briaguez f.
, Intoxicate no significa 'intoxicacin',
que se traduce por poisoning.
intranet [Intrnet] n red f local.
intransitive [IntrQnsItIv] adj ling in
transitivo,-a.
intrauterine [IntrjUtraIn] adj med
intrauterino,-a.
introduce [IntrdjUs] vt 1 (person, pro-
gramme) presentar. 2 (bring in - gen) in
troducir; (- new product, etc) presentar,
lanzar; (law, procedure, etc) instituir. 3
(to hobby, habit) iniciar (to, en). 4 (bring
up) proponer, sugerir, plantear. 5 fml
(insert) introducir, meter, insertar.
introduction [IntrdkSn] n 1 (of person,
programme) presentacin f. 2 (to book,
speech, etc) introduccin f. 3 (- of new
product, etc) presentacin f, lanzamien
199 investigate
to; (- of law, procedure, etc) introduccin
f, institucin f. 4 (first experience) inicia
cin f. 5 mus introduccin f.
introvert [Intrvt] n introvertido,-a.
intruder [IntrUdr] n intruso,-a.
intuition [IntjUISn] n intuicin f.
intuitive [IntjUItIv] adj intuitivo,-a.
invade [InveId] vt (gen) invadir.
invader [InveIdr] n invasor,-ra.
invalid 1 [InvlId] n (disabled person)
invlido,-a, minusvlido,-a; (sick per-
son) enfermo,-a.
invalid2 [InvQlId] adj (gen) invlido,-a,
no vlido,-a, nulo,-a; (out of date)
caducado,-a.
invalidate [InvQlIdeIt] vt (result, rule,
etc) invalidar, anular; (argument) refu
tar, demostrar el error de.
invasion [InveIZn] n (gen) invasin f.
I
invent [Invent] vt inventar, inventarse.
invention [InvenSn] n 1 (gen) invento,
invencin f; (lying) invencin f, men
tira. 2 (capacity for inventing) inventiva.
inventive [InventIv] adj inventivo,-a.
inventor [Inventr] n inventor,-ra.
inventory [InvntrI] n inventario.
pl inventories.
inversion [InvZn] n inversin f.
, Inversion no significa 'inversin (de
dinero)', que se traduce por investment.
invert [Invt] vt invertir. comp invert
ed commas comillas.
, To invert no significa 'invertir (dine
ro)', que se traduce por to invest.
invertebrate [InvtIbrt] adj inver
tebrado,-a.
invest [Invest] vt 1 (money) invertir (in,
en). 2 (time, effort, etc) emplear (in, en),
invertir (in, en). 3 fml (right, rank, power,
etc) investir (with, con), conferir (with,
-), otorgar (with, -). 4 fml (quality, charac-
teristic, etc) revestir (with, con), envol
ver (with, de). 5 mil dated sitiar, cercar.
investigate [InvestIgeIt] vt (crime) in
vestigar; (cause, possibility) examinar,
estudiar.
P vi fam (check) mirar.
 investigation
investigation [InvestIgeIS n] n (of
crime) investigacin f (into, sobre); (of
cause, possibility) examen m (into, de),
estudio (into, de).
investigator [InvestIgeItr] n inves
tigador,-ra.
investment [Investmnt] n 1 (of money)
inversin f. 2 (investiture) investidura.
investor [Investr] n inversor,-ra, in
versionista mf.
invidious [InvIdIs] adj 1 (task, job, etc)
odioso,-a, ingrato,-a. 2 (comparison,
choice, etc) injusto,-a.
, Invidious no significa 'envidioso', que
se traduce por envious.
invisible [InvIzbl] adj invisible.
invitation [InvIteISn] n invitacin f.
invite [(vb) InvaIt; (n) InvaIt] vt 1 (guest,
etc) invitar, convidar; (candidate, partici-
pant) pedir, invitar. 2 (comment, sugges-
tion, etc) solicitar. 3 (criticism, disaster, etc)
provocar, incitar.
invoice [InvIs] n comm factura.
invoke [InvUk] vt invocar.
involuntary [InvlntrI] adj invo
luntario,-a.
involve [Invlv] vt 1 (entail) suponer,
implicar, conllevar; (give rise to) aca
rrear, ocasionar. 2 (include, affect, con-
cern) tener que ver con, afectar a. 3
(implicate) implicar, involucrar, meter.
inward [Inwd] adj interior.
P adv hacia dentro.
inwards [Inwdz] adv hacia dentro.
iodine [aIdin] n yodo.
ion [aIn] n ion m.
ionize [aInaIz] vt ionizar.
ionosphere [aInsfIr] n ionosfera.
IQ [aIkjU] abbr (intelligence quotient)
coeficiente m de inteligencia; (abbre-
viation) CI m.
Iran [IrAn] n Irn.
Iraq [IrAk] n Irak.
Ireland [aIlnd] n Irlanda. c o m p
Northern Ireland Irlanda del norte.
iris [aIrIs] n 1 (of eye) iris m inv. 2 bot li
rio.
Irish [aIrIS] adj irlands,-esa.
200
Irishman [aIrISmn] n irlands m.
pl Irishmen [aIrISmn].
Irishwoman [aIrISwUmn] n irlandesa.
pl Irishwomen [aIrISwImIn].
iron [aIn] n 1 (metal) hierro. 2 (appli-
ance) plancha. 3 (for golf) hierro, palo
de hierro.
P adj de hierro.
P vt (clothes) planchar.
P n pl irons (fetters) grilletes mpl.
a to iron out vt sep 1 (clothes) planchar.
2 fig (problem, difficulty, etc) resolver, so
lucionar.
ironing [aIrnIN] n planchado. l o c to
do the ironing planchar. c o m p ironing
board tabla de planchar.
ironic [aIrnIk] adj irnico,-a.
ironmonger [a I n m N g r ] n gb
ferretero,-a. comp ironmongers (shop)
ferretera.
ironmongery [aInmNgrI] n gb fe
rretera.
irony [aIrnI] n irona.
pl ironies.
irregular [Iregjlr] adj 1 (gen) irregu
lar; (uneven) desigual. 2 (unusual, abnor-
mal) raro,-a, anormal; (against the rules)
inadmisible. 3 (troops) irregular.
irrelevant [IrelIvnt] adj 1 (unimportant
- fact, detail, etc) irrelevante. 2 (out of
place) que no viene al caso: thats irrel-
evant eso no tiene nada que ver, eso no
viene al caso.
irresistible [IrIzIstbl] adj 1 (temptation,
impulse, etc) irresistible: an irresistible
urge un impulso irrefrenable. 2 (person,
thing) irresistible.
irresponsibility [IrIspnsbIltI] n
irresponsabilidad f, falta de seriedad.
irresponsible [IrIspnsbl] adj irres
ponsable, poco serio,-a.
irrigable [IrIgbl] adj irrigable, re
gado,-a.
irrigate [IrIgeIt] vt 1 agr regar, irrigar.
2 med irrigar.
irrigated [IrIgeItId] vt 1 agr irriga
do,-a. 2 med irrigar.
irrigation [IrIgeISn] n agr riego, irri
gacin f. c o m p irrigation channel ace

quia, canal m de riego. y irrigation
farming cultivo de regado. y irriga
tion system sistema m de regado.
irritate [IrIteIt] vt 1 (annoy) irritar, mo
lestar, fastidiar. 2 med (cause discomfort)
irritar; (make inflamed) inflamar.
irritating [IrIteItIN] adj 1 (annoying) irri
tante, molesto,-a, fastidioso,-a,
pesado,-a. 2 med irritante.
irritation [IrIteISn] n 1 med irritacin
f. 2 (cause of annoyance) molestia, fasti
dio. 3 (anger) mal humor m, enfado,
irritacin f.
is [Iz] pres be.
Islam [IzlAm] n islam m.
Islamic [IzlQmIk] adj islmico,-a.
island [aIlnd] n isla.
P adj isleo,-a. c o m p safety island us
isla de peatones, isleta, refugio. y
traffic island isla de peatones, isleta,
refugio.
isle [aIl] n isla.
islet [aIlt] n islote m.
isobar [aIsbAr] n isobara.
isolate [aIsleIt] vt aislar (from, de):
scientists have isolated the germ los cient
ficos han aislado el microbio.
isolated [aIsleItId] adj 1 (solitary) ais
lado,-a, apartado,-a: an isolated house
una casa aislada; I live a very isolated life
llevo una vida muy solitaria. 2 (single)
aislado,-a, nico,-a, excepcional: an
isolated case un caso aislado.
isosceles [aIssliz] adj issceles. c o m p
isosceles triangle tringulo issceles.
isotherm [aIsTm] n isotermo.
isotope [aIstUp] n istopo.
Israel [IzrIl] n Israel.
Israeli [IzreIlI] adj israel.
P n israel mf.
Israelite [IzrIlaIt] adj israelita.
P n israelita mf.
issue [ISU] n 1 (subject, topic) tema m,
cuestin f, asunto. 2 (of newspaper,
magazine, etc) nmero. 3 (of stamps,
shares, back notes, etc) emisin f; (of book)
publicacin f. 4 (of passport, licence) ex
pedicin f. 5 (of equipment, supplies, etc)
distribucin f, reparto, suministro.
201 it
6 fml (emergence - of water, blood) flujo. 7
fml (children) descendencia. 8 fml (re-
sult, outcome) resultado, consecuencia,
desenlace m.
P vt 1 (book, article) publicar. 2 (stamps,
shares, banknotes, etc) emitir. 3 (passport,
visa) expedir. 4 (equipment, supplies, etc)
distribuir, repartir, suministrar, pro
porcionar. 5 (order, instruction) dar;
(statement, warning) dar, hacer pblico;
(writ, summons) dictar, expedir; (decree)
promulgar; (warrant) expedir.
P vi 1 fml (liquid, blood) fluir, manar;
(smell, etc) salir. 2 fml (result) resultar
( from , de), provenir ( from , de),
derivar(se) (from, de).
isthmus [Isms] n istmo.
it [It] pron 1 (subject) l, ella, ello: wheres
I
my supper? its in the oven! dnde est mi
cena? est en el horno!; whose is this
coat? its mine! de quin es este abrigo?
es mo!; is it a boy or a girl? es nio o ni
a?; whos that? who is it? its me! quin
eres? quin es? soy yo! 2 (object - direct)
lo, la; (- indirect) le: I doubt it lo dudo; Ive
just got this letter. Can you read it for me?
acabo de recibir esta carta. Me la pue
des leer?; do you like skiing? yes, I love it te
gusta esquiar? s, me encanta; she went
up to the horse and patted it se acerc al
caballo y lo acarici; can you manage that
bag? Give it to me puedes con esa bolsa?
Dmela. 3 (after prep) l, ella, ello: a
vase with flowers in it un florero con flores
dentro; the train was still there so I ran for it
el tren an estaba all as que corr para
tomarlo / agarrarlo; youre not frightened
of it, are you? no le tienes miedo, ver
dad?; tell me about it explcamelo, cun
tamelo. 4 (abstract) ello: lets get on with it
vamos a por ello. 5 (impersonal) no se
traduce: its cold hace fro; its too early es
demasiado temprano; its six oclock son
las seis; its Wednesday es mircoles; its
cloudy est nublado; its not far no est
lejos; its impossible es imposible; its im-
portant es importante; its worth it vale la
pena; it doesnt matter no importa; whats
it like? cmo es?; it cost a fiver cost cin
co libras; its true es verdad; it seems
(that) she failed parece que suspendi.
 Italian
Italian [ItQlIn] adj italiano,-a.
P n 1 (person) italiano,-a. 2 (language)
italiano.
italic [ItQlIks] adj (letra) cursiva.
itch [ItS] n 1 med picazn f, picor m. 2
fam fig (strong desire) deseo, anhelo,
ansia: an itch to travel un deseo de viajar.
P vi picar: my feet itch me pican los pies;
Im itching all over me pica todo; this blan-
ket itches esta manta pica.
itd [Itd] contr 1 it had. 2 it would.
item [aItm] n 1 (on list) artculo, cosa;
(in collection) pieza. 2 (on agenda) asun
to, punto. 3 (on bill) partida, asiento.
4 (in show) nmero. c o m p item of cloth
ing prenda de vestir.
P adv tambin.
itinerary [aItInrrI] n itinerario, ruta.
pl itineraries.
itll [Itl] contr it will.
its [Its] adj (one thing) su; (more than one thing)
sus: the cat cleaned its paws el gato se lim
pi las patas; the babys in its pram el beb
est en su cochecito; the film has its good
points la pelcula tiene sus puntos buenos.
its [Its] contr 1 it is. 2 it has.
itself [Itself] pron 1 (reflexive) se: the bird
preened itself el pjaro se arregl las plu
mas; Barcelona has opened itself up to the
sea Barcelona se ha abierto al mar. 2 (em-
phatic) en s: the house itself is quite old la
casa en s es bastante vieja; the job itself
202
isnt that difficult el trabajo en s no es
muy difcil; she is politeness itself es la
cortesa personificada. 3 (after prep) s:
the committee wants to keep all the profits
for itself el comit quiere guardar todos
los beneficios para s; each dog has a ken-
nel to itself cada perro tiene su propia ca
sita; the idea in itself isnt bad la idea en s
no est mal; the first course was a meal in
itself el primer plato ya era una comida
de por s. l o c by itself solo,-a: it switch-
es off by itself se apaga solo, se apaga au
tomticamente; the baby did it all by itself
el nio lo hizo l solo.
Ive [aIv] contr I have.
ivory [aIvrI] n (substance) marfil m; (col-
our) color m marfil.
P adj de marfil.
P n pl ivories (objects) objetos mpl de
marfil; (piano keys) teclas fpl. l o c an
ivory tower una torre de marfil. c o m p
Ivory Coast Costa de Marfil.
ivy [aIvI] n hiedra, yedra. c o m p Ivy
League ocho prestigiosas universidades
privadas del nordeste de los Estados Unidos.
" La Ivy League rene a las ocho univer
sidades ms prestigiosas de Estados Uni
dos que, adems, son de las ms antiguas.
Un ttulo de cualquiera de estos centros
suele ser sinnimo de una excelente for
macin acadmica.

203
J, J [dZeI] n (the letter) J, j f.
jab [dZQb] n 1 pinchazo; (with elbow)
codazo. 2 fam (of pain) pinchazo: a flu
jab una inyeccin contra la gripe. 3 (in
boxing) gancho.
P vt pinchar; (with elbow) dar un coda
zo a.
pt & pp jabbed, ger jabbing.
jack [dZQk] n 1 auto gato. 2 (in cards)
jota; (Spanish pack) sota. 3 (in bowls)
boliche m. 4 elec enchufe m. c o m p jack
plug elec jack m, clavija.
jackal [dZQkl] n chacal m.
jacket [dZQkIt] n 1 (in general) chaque
ta; (of suit) americana; (leather, etc) ca
zadora. 2 (of book) sobrecubierta. 3 us
(of record) funda. c o m p jacket potato
patata asada (con su piel).
jackknife [dZQknaIf] n navaja.
jackpot [dZQkpt] n (premio) gordo.
l o c to hit the jackpot tocarle a algn el
gordo.
Jacuzzi [dZkUzI] n jacuzzi m.
jade [dZeId] n jade m.
jagged [dZQgId] adj irregular, denta
do,-a.
jaguar [dZQgjUr] n jaguar m.
jail [dZeIl] n crcel f, prisin f.
P vt encarcelar: he was jailed for life lo
condenaron a cadena perpetua.
jailer [dZeIlr] n carcelero,-a.
jailhouse [dZeIlhaUs] n us crcel f.
jam1 [dZQm] n mermelada, confitura.
c o m p jam jar bote m de mermelada.
jam2 [dZQm] n (tight spot) aprieto, apu
ro. l o c to get into a jam meterse en
un apuro. c o m p jam session sesin im
provisada de jazz o rock.
J
P vt 1 (fill) abarrotar, atestar: thousands
of people jammed the streets miles de per
sonas abarrotaban las calles. 2 (cram) em
butir, meter a la fuerza: she jammed all
her things into the bag embuti todas sus
cosas en la bolsa. 3 (block) bloquear: the
switchboard was jammed with calls of com-
plaint las llamadas de protesta bloquea
ron la centralita.
pt & pp jammed, ger jarring.
Jamaica [dZmeIk] n Jamaica.
Jamaican [dZmeIkn] adj jamaicano,-a.
Pn jamaicano,-a.
jangle [dZQNgl] vi sonar de un modo
discordante.
P vt hacer sonar de un modo discor
dante.
P n sonido discordante.
January [dZQnjUrI] n enero.
. Para ejemplos de usos, consulta May.
Japan [dZpQn] n (el) Japn m.
Japanese [dZQpniz] adj japons,-esa.
P n 1 (person) japons,-esa. 2 (language)
japons m.
jar [dZAr] n 1 (glass) tarro, bote m: a jar
of strawberry jam un tarro de mermelada
de fresa. 2 (earthenware) vasija, tinaja. 3
(shake, shock) sacudida: it gave me a bit
of a jar me choc bastante. 4 fam (drink)
copa: lets go and have a few jars! vamos
a tomar unas copas!
jargon [dZAgn] n jerga, jerigonza.
jasmine [dZQzmIn] n jazmn m.
jaundice [dZndIs] n ictericia.
jaunty [dZntI] adj garboso,-a.
comp jauntier, superl jauntiest.
javelin [dZQvlIn] n jabalina. l o c to
throw the javelin lanzar la jabalina.
 jaw
comp javelin competition lanzamiento
de jabalina.
jaw [dZ] n 1 anat mandbula. c o m p
upper jaw maxilar m superior. y lower
jaw maxilar m inferior. 2 zool man
dbula, quijada, carrillera.
P vi fam (talk) charlar.
jazz [dZQz] n jazz m. l o c and all that
jazz y dems, y toda la pesca, y to
do el rollo.
P adj de jazz, jazzstico,-a. c o m p jazz
band conjunto de jazz.
a to jazz up vt sep (in general) hacer ms
alegre, dar vida a; (party) animar.
jealous [dZels] adj 1 celoso,-a. 2 (en-
vious) envidioso,-a. l o c to be jealous
of sb tener celos de algn , estar
celoso,-a de algn. y to make sb jealous
poner celoso,-a a algn.
jealousy [dZelsI] n 1 celos mpl. 2 (en-
vy) envidia.
pl jealousies.
jeans [dZinz] n pl vaqueros mpl, teja
nos mpl.
jeep [dZip] n jeep m, todoterreno.
jeer [dZIr] vi (mock) burlarse (at, de),
mofarse (at, de).
P vt (boo) abuchear.
P vi (boo) abuchear.
P n pl jeers (booing) abucheos mpl ;
(mocking) burlas fpl, mofas fpl, befas fpl.
jelly [dZelI] n 1 (in general) jalea. 2 (fruit)
gelatina.
pl jellies.
jellyfish [dZelIfIS] n medusa.
pl jellyfishes.
jeopardy [dZepdI] n peligro. l o c to
be in jeopardy estar en peligro, peli
grar. y to put in jeopardy poner en pe
ligro, hacer peligrar.
jerk [dZk] n 1 (pull) tirn m; (jolt) sacu
dida. 2 fam imbcil mf, subnormal
mf. l o c with a jerk bruscamente.
P vt dar una sacudida a, tirar de.
P vi dar una sacudida.
jerrycan [dZerIkQn] n bidn m.
jersey [dZzI] n jersey m, suter m.
jest [dZest] n broma. l o c in jest en
broma.
bromear.
P vi
204
jester [dZestr] n hist bufn m.
Jesus [dZizs] n Jess m, Jesucristo.
comp Jesus Christ Jesucristo.
jet [dZet] n 1 (aircraft) reactor m . 2
(stream) chorro. 3 (outlet) boquilla, me
chero. c o m p jet engine reactor m, pro
pulsor m a chorro. y jet foil desliza
dor m. y jet lag jet lag m, desarreglo
horario. y jet set la jet set f, la jet f. y
jet propulsion propulsin f a chorro.
jetty [dZetI] n (stone) malecn m; (wood-
en) embarcadero.
pl jetties.
Jew [dZU] n rel judo,-a.
jewel [dZUl] n 1 joya, alhaja. 2 (stone)
piedra preciosa. 3 (in watch) rub m.
jewelled [dZUld] adj adornado,-a
con piedras preciosas.
jeweller [dZUlr] n joyero,-a.
jewellery [dZUlrI] n joyas fpl.
Jewish [dZUIS] adj judo,-a.
jigsaw [dZIgs] n 1 (saw) sierra de
vaivn. 2 (puzzle) rompecabezas m,
puzzle m.
jingle [dZINgl] n 1 tintineo. 2 tv tona
dilla publicitaria.
P vi tintinear.
P vt hacer sonar.
jinx [dZINks] n 1 (person) gafe mf. 2 (bad
luck) mala suerte f: theres a jinx on this
computer este ordenador est gafado.
P vt gafar.
job [dZb] n 1 (employment) empleo,
(puesto de) trabajo: whats your job?
en qu trabajas? 2 (piece of work) traba
jo; (task) tarea: he did a good job (of work)
hizo un buen trabajo. l o c its a good
job that menos mal que... y on the
job trabajando. y out of a job parado,
-a. y to make the best of a bad job po
ner a mal tiempo buena cara. c o m p
job centre oficina de empleo. y job
hunting bsqueda de trabajo.
jobless [dZbls] adj parado,-a.
jockey [dZkI] n jockey m.
jog [dZg] n 1 (push) empujoncito, sa
cudida. 2 (pace) trote m.
P vt empujar, sacudir.
 205
P vi hacer footing. l o c at a jog trot a
trote corto. y to go for a jog (ir a) ha
cer footing.
a to jog along vi 1 andar a trote cor
to. 2 fig ir tirando.
pt & pp jogged, ger jogging.
jogging [dZgIN] n footing m. l o c to
go jogging hacer footing.
join [dZIn] vt 1 (bring together) juntar,
unir. 2 (connect) unir, conectar: the two
cities are joined by a bridge las dos ciuda
des estn unidas por un puente. 3 (com-
pany, etc) incorporarse a: Mr Osuna
joined the company last year el Sr Osuna
se incorpor a la empresa el ao pasado.
4 (armed forces) alistarse en; (police) in
gresar en. 5 (club) hacerse socio,-a
de. 6 (party) afiliarse a, ingresar en. 7
(be with sb) reunirse con, unirse a:
would you like to join us for the evening?
les gustara pasar la tarde con nosotros?
l o c join the club! ya somos dos etc!
y to join forces aunar esfuerzos. y to
join hands tomarse de las manos.
P vi 1 juntarse, unirse. 2 (rivers) con
fluir; (roads) juntarse, empalmar.
a to join in vi participar.
P vt insep (debate) intervenir en.
a to join up vi alistarse.
joiner [dZIn r] n carpintero que se
dedica a puertas, ventanas, etc.
joint [dZInt] n 1 junta, unin f. 2 anat
articulacin f. 3 sl (drugs) porro. l o c
to put out of joint (elbow, shoulder, etc)
dislocar: she put her shoulder out of joint
se disloc el hombro.
P adj colectivo,-a, mutuo,-a. c o m p
joint account cuenta conjunta, cuen
t a i n d i s t i n t a . y joint owner
copropietario,-a.
P vt culin descuartizar.
jointed [dZIntId] adj 1 articulado,-a.
2 (chicken, etc) cortado,-a a piezas.
jointly [dZIntlI] adv conjuntamente.
joke [dZUk] n 1 chiste m: shall I tell you a
joke? te cuento un chiste? 2 (practical)
broma: John cant take a joke John no
aguanta una broma. 3 (person) payaso.
l o c to make a joke of sth rerse de al-
go . y to play a joke on sb gastar una
joyful
broma a algn. y to tell a joke contar
un chiste.
P vi bromear. l o c you must be joking!
venga ya!
joker [dZUkr] n 1 bromista mf: some
joker put salt in the sugar algn gracioso ha
puesto sal en el azcar. 2 (card) como
dn m. 3 fam idiota mf. c o m p the joker
in the pack un elemento desconoci
do.
jolly [dZlI] adj (cheerful) alegre,
animado,-a: she was a very jolly person
era una persona muy animada.
comp jollier, superl jolliest.
P adv gb fam muy: its jolly difficult es la
mar de difcil; they played jolly well juga
ron fenomenal.
a to jolly along vt sep dar nimos a,
animar.
pt & pp jollied, ger jollying.
jolt [dZUlt] n 1 sacudida. 2 (fright) susto.
P vt sacudir.
J
P vi dar tumbos.
Jordan [dZdn] n 1 (country) Jordania.
Jordanian [dZdeInIn] adj jordano,-a.
Pn jordano,-a.
jot [dZt] n pizca: there isnt a jot of truth
in it no hay pizca de verdad en esto; I
dont care a jot me importa un bledo.
P vt apuntar, anotar.
a to jot down vt sep apuntar.
pt & pp jotted, ger jotting.
joule [dZUl] n julio.
journal [dZnl] n 1 (magazine) revista.
2 (diary) diario.
journalism [dZnlIzm] n periodis
mo.
journalist [dZnlIst] n periodista mf.
journey [dZnI] n viaje m: its a 100 mile
journey es un viaje de 100 millas.
P vi viajar.
joy [dZI] n 1 alegra, jbilo: her face
was a picture of joy estaba radiante de ale
gra; hes a joy to work with da gusto traba
jar con l. 2 fam (satisfaction) satisfac
cin f; (luck) suerte f; (success) xito:
you can complain all you like, but youll get
no joy qujate todo lo que quieras, pero
no te servir de nada.
joyful [dZIfUl] adj jubiloso,-a, alegre.
 joystick
joystick [dZIstIk] n 1 av palanca de
mando. 2 comput joystick m.
jubilation [dZUbIleISn] n jbilo.
, Jubilation no significa 'jubilacin',
que se traduce por retirement.
jubilee [dZUbIli] n 1 festejos mpl. 2
(anniversary) aniversario.
Judaism [dZudeIIzm] n judasmo.
P n vibracin f (violenta).
judge [dZdZ] n 1 (man) juez m; (woman)
juez f, jueza. 2 (in competition) jurado,
miembro del jurado.
P vt 1 (court case) juzgar. 2 (calculate)
calcular: its hard to judge how much we
need es difcil calcular cunto necesita
mos.
judgement [dZdZmnt] [tambin se
escribe judgment.] n 1 (ability) (buen)
juicio, (buen) criterio. 2 (opinion) jui
cio, opinin f: my personal judgement is
that mi opinin es que ; in my judge-
ment a mi juicio... 3 (decision) fallo. 4
(criticism) crtica.
judicial [dZUdISl] adj judicial. c o m p ju
dicial inquiry investigacin f judicial.
judo [dZUdU] n yudo, judo.
jug [dZg] n 1 jarra, jarro. 2 sl (prison)
chirona.
juggle [dZgl] vi 1 hacer juegos ma
labares (with, con). 2 fig (figures, etc)
jugar (with, con).
juggler [dZglr] n malabarista mf.
jugular [dZgjlr] adj yugular. c o m p
jugular vein vena yugular.
P n yugular f. l o c to go for the jugular
saltarle a algn a la yugular.
juice [dZUs] n 1 (gen) jugo. 2 (of fruit)
zumo, am jugo. 3 fam (petrol) gasoli
na; (electricity) fuerza, luz f. c o m p juice
extractor licuadora.
juicy [dZUsI] adj 1 jugoso,-a. 2 fam
(gossip, etc) picante, escabroso,-a.
comp juicier, superl juiciest.
jukebox [dZUkbks] n mquina de
discos.
July [dZUlaI] n julio.
. Para ejemplos de usos, consulta May.
206
jumble [dZmbl] n revoltijo, mezco
lanza. c o m p jumble sale rastrillo be
nfico.
P vt desordenar.
jumbo [dZmbU] adj gigante.
P n [Also jumbo jet.] (plane) jumbo.
jump [dZmp] n 1 salto: a parachute jump
un salto en paracadas. 2 (in prices, etc) sal
to, aumento importante, disparo:
theres been a tremendous jump in profits ha
habido un aumento importante de los
beneficios. 3 (fence) valla, obstculo:
the horse refused at the first jump el caballo
se plant en el primer obstculo. c o m p
jump seat asiento plegable. y jump
suit mono.
P vi 1 saltar. 2 (rise sharply) dar un sal
to: inflation jumped 2% last month la infla
cin dio un salto de un 2% el mes pasa
do. l o c to jump to conclusions llegar a
conclusiones precipitadas.
P vt saltar: he tried to jump the wall, but it
was too high intent saltar el muro, pero
era demasiado alto. l o c to jump rope us
saltar a la comba. y to jump the gun
precipitarse, adelantarse. y to jump
the lights saltarse el semforo en ro
jo. y to jump the queue colarse.
a to jump at vt insep aceptar sin pen
sarlo: when they offered him the job, he
jumped at it cuando le ofrecieron el tra
bajo lo acept sin pensar.
jumper1 [dZmpr] n 1 gb jersey m. 2
us (dress) pichi m.
jumper2 [dZmpr] n sp saltador,-ra.
junction [dZNkSn] n 1 (railways) em
palme m. 2 (roads) cruce m. 3 (motorway
- entry) acceso; (- exit) salida.
June [dZUn] n junio.
. Para ejemplos de usos, consulta May.
jungle [dZNgl] n selva, jungla.
junior [ d Z U n I r ] adj 1 (in rank)
subalterno,-a. 2 (in age) menor, ms
joven. 3 us (after name) hijo.
P n 1 (in rank) subalterno,-a. 2 (in age)
menor mf: she is three years my junior tie
ne tres aos menos que yo. 3 gb
alumno,-a de EGB. 4 us hijo: wheres
your mom, Junior? dnde est tu mam,

hijo? c o m p junior college us colegio
universitario para los dos primeros cursos. y jun
ior high school us instituto de ense
anza secundaria. y junior school gb
escuela primaria.
junk [dZNk] n trastos mpl. c o m p junk
food comida chatarra. y junk mail co
rreo basura. y junk shop tienda de ca
chureos.
Jupiter [dZUpItr] n Jpiter m.
Jurassic [dZUrQsIk] adj jursico,-a.
jury [dZUrI] n jurado.
pl juries.
just1 [dZst] adj 1 (fair) justo,-a. 2 (justifi-
able) fundado,-a, justificado,-a. 3 (de-
served) merecido,-a. l o c to get ones
just desserts llevar su merecido.
just2 [dZst] adv 1 (exactly) exactamen
te, precisamente, justo: this is just what
I needed esto es justo lo que necesitaba. 2
(only) solamente, solo: no sugar for me,
please, just milk no quiero azcar, gracias,
solo leche. 3 (barely) apenas, por poco:
I ran all the way and (only) just caught the
bus fui corriendo y cog el autobs por
poco. 4 (right now) en este momento:
Im just finishing it lo acabo ahora mismo.
207 justify
5 (simply) sencillamente: we could just
stay here and wait for her pues, sencilla
mente podramos quedarnos aqu y es
perarla. 6 (for emphasis): hes just as clever
as you are l es tan inteligente como t. 7
(used to interrupt): just shut up, will you? c
llese, por favor! 8 fam (really) realmen
te, verdaderamente: the weathers just
marvellous hace un tiempo realmente
maravilloso. l o c just about prctica
mente. y just in case por si acaso. y
just like that! sin ms! y just so 1 (tidy)
ordenado,-a, arreglado,-a. 2 (as a re-
ply) s, exactamente. y just then en
ese momento. y just the same 1 (not
different) exactamente igual. 2 (never-
theless) sin embargo, no obstante.
P phr to have just + pres part acabar de
+ infin: he has just telephoned acaba de te
lefonear.
justice [dZstIs] n 1 justicia. 2 (judge -
man) juez m; (- woman) juez f, jueza.
J
l o c to bring to justice llevar ante los
tribunales. y to do justice to sb hacer
justicia a algn.
justify [dZstIfaI] vt justificar.
pt & pp justified, ger justifying.
 K
208
K, k [keI] n (the letter) K, k f.
kaleidoscope [klaIdskUp] n cali
doscopio.
kangaroo [kQNgrU] n canguro.
pl kangaroos.
karaoke [kQrIUkI] n karaoke m.
karate [krAtI] n krate m.
karstic [kAstIk] adj krstico,-a.
Kazakh [kQzQk] adj kazajio,-a.
P n 1 (person) kazajio,-a. 2 (language)
kazajio.
Kazakhstan [kQzQkstQn] n Kazajstn.
keen [kin] adj 1 (eager) entusiasta, afi
cionado,-a: hes a very keen pupil es un
alumno muy entusiasta. 2 (sharp - mind,
senses, etc) agudo,-a, vivo,-a; (- look)
penetrante; (- wind) cortante; (- edge,
point) afilado,-a. 3 (feeling) profundo,
-a, intenso,-a. 4 (competition) fuerte,
reido,-a. 5 (price) competitivo,-a.
l o c to be keen on sth ser aficiona
do,-a a algo, gustarle algo a algn. y
to be keen on sb gustarle algn a algn.
y to take a keen interest in mostrar un
gran inters por.
keep [kip] n 1 (board) sustento, man
tenimiento: to earn ones keep ganarse el
pan. 2 (of castle) torren m, torre f del
homenaje.
P vt 1 (not throw away) guardar. 2 (not
give back) quedarse con: keep the change
qudese con el cambio. 3 (have) tener;
(carry) llevar. 4 (look after, save) guardar:
can you keep me a loaf of bread for Friday?
me guarda una barra de pan para el
viernes?. 5 (put away, store) guardar:
where do you keep the glasses? dnde
guardas los vasos? 6 (secret) guardar:
can you keep a secret? sabes guardar un
secreto? 7 (with adj, verb, etc) mantener:
these doors must be kept locked estas puer
tas deben mantenerse cerradas.
P vi 1 (do repeatedly) no dejar de; (do
continuously) seguir, continuar: she was
exhausted but kept swimming estaba ago
tada pero sigui nadando. 2 (stay fresh)
conservarse. 3 (continue in direction)
continuar, seguir: keep left/right circula
por la izquierda/derecha. 4 (with adj,
verb, etc) quedarse, permanecer: we
must keep calm debemos mantener la cal
ma. l o c to keep going seguir (adelan
te). y to keep ones head no perder la
cabeza. y to keep quiet callarse, no
hacer ruido. y to keep sb from doing
sth impedir que algn haga algo. y to
keep sth from sb ocultar algo a algn.
a to keep off vi (stay away) mantener
se a distancia; (of rain) no llover: if the
rain keeps off, well be able to play tennis si
no llueve, podremos jugar a tenis.
P vt sep (make stay away) no dejar en
trar, no dejar acercarse; (avoid) no
tocar, no hablar de: Keep off the grass
No pisar la hierba.
a to keep out vt sep no dejar entrar,
no dejar pasar.
P vi no entrar.
a to keep up vt sep 1 (gen) mantener,
seguir. 2 (from sleeping) mantener
despierto,-a, tener en vela.
P vi 1 (not fall behind) aguantar el ritmo.
2 (stay in touch) mantenerse al da.
pt & pp kept [kept].
keeper [kipr] n 1 (in zoo) guardin,
-ana. 2 (in park) guarda mf. 3 (in muse-
um) conservador,-ra; (in archives) ar
chivador,-ra.
kennel [kenl] n caseta del perros.
P n pl kennels (boarding) residencia f
sing canina.

Kenya [kenj] n Kenia.
Kenyan [kenjn] adj keniano,-a.
Pn keniano,-a.
kerb [kb] n bordillo.
kept [kept]pt & pp keep.
kernel [knl] n 1 (of nut, fruit) semilla.
2 fig ncleo, grano.
kerosene [kersin] n us queroseno.
ketchup [ketSp] n ketchup m, catsup m.
kettle [ketl] n tetera (para hervir agua):
will you put the kettle on to make some tea?
quieres poner el agua a hervir para ha
cer t? l o c thats a different kettle of
fish eso es harina de otro costal.
key [ki] n 1 (of door, car, etc) llave f. 2 (of
clock, mechanical) llave f. 3 fig (to problem,
map, code) clave f; (to exercises) respues
tas fpl. 4 (on computer, piano, etc) tecla. 5
mus (on wind instrument) llave f, pistn
m; (set of notes) clave f; (tone, style) tono.
P adj clave, principal: tourism is the
countrys key industry el turismo es la in
dustria principal del pas. c o m p key ring
llavero.
a to key in vt sep introducir, teclear:
she keyed in the data introdujo los datos.
keyboard [kibd] n teclado. c o m p
keyboard player teclista mf.
P n pl keyboards teclados mpl.
keyhole [kihUl] n ojo de la cerradura.
khaki [kAkI] n caqui m.
P adj caqui.
kick [kIk] n 1 (by person) puntapi m, pa
tada. 2 sp golpe m, tiro. 3 (by animal)
coz f. 4 fam (pleasure) diversin f, emo
cin f: he gets a kick out of playing basket-
ball se divierte jugando al baloncesto.
P vt 1 (hit ball) dar un puntapi a, gol
pear con el pie; (score) marcar. 2 (hit per-
son) dar una patada a; (move legs) pata
lear. 3 (by animal) dar coces a, cocear.
to kick off vi sp sacar, hacer el saque
a
inicial; (begin) empezar, comenzar.
P vt sep 1 (begin) empezar, comenzar,
iniciar. 2 (remove - shoes) quitarse.
a to kick out vt sep echar.
kick-off [kIkf] n sp saque m inicial.
kid1 [kId] n 1 fam cro,-a, nio,-a, chi
co,-a, chaval,-la. 2 (animal) cabrito. 3
(leather) cabritilla. l o c to treat sb with
209 kimono
kid gloves tratar a algn con guantes
de seda.
P adj (brother, sister) menor.
kid2 [kId] vt 1 (deceive, tease) tomar el
pelo a, engaar. 2 (fool os) engaarse
a s mismo, hacerse ilusiones.
P vi estar de broma: youre kidding! es
ts de broma!, no me digas!; no kidding!
en serio!
kidnap [kIdnQp] vt secuestrar, raptar.
pt & pp kidnapped, ger kidnapping.
kidnapper [kIdnQp r] n secuestra
dor,-ra.
kidnapping [kIdnQpIN] n secuestro.
kidney [kIdnI] n rin m. c o m p kidney
machine rin m artificial.
kill [kIl] n (act) matanza; (animal) pieza.
P vt 1 matar, asesinar. 2 fig (hope, con-
versation, etc) destruir, acabar con;
(pain) aliviar. 3 (hurt) doler mucho: my
backs killing me me duele mucho la es
palda. l o c to kill os matarse, suicidar
se. y to kill os laughing morirse de ri K
sa. y to kill time pasar el rato, matar
el tiempo. y to kill two birds with one
stone matar dos pjaros de un tiro. y
a to kill off vt sep exterminar, rema
tar.
killer [kIlr] n (person) asesino,-a; (thing)
mortal, que mata. c o m p killer whale
orca.
killing [kIlIN] n matanza; (of person)
asesinato. l o c to make a killing ganar
una fortuna, hacer el negocio del
siglo.
P adj fig agotador,-ra, duro,-a.
kiln [kIln] n horno.
kilo [kilU] n kilo.
pl kilos.
kilobyte [kIlbaIt] n kilobyte.
kilocalorie [kIlkQlrI] n kilocalora.
kilogram [kIlgrQm] n kilogramo.
kilogramme [kIlgrQm] n us kilogram.
kilometer [kIlmItr] n us kilometer.
kilometre [kIlmItr] n kilmetro.
kilt [kIlt] n falda escocesa.
kimono [kImUnU] n quimono.
pl kimonos.
 kin
kin [kIn] n parientes mpl, familia. comp
next of kin pariente m ms prximo.
kind [kaInd] adj (person) amable: she is
the sweetest, kindest person I know es la per
sona ms dulce y amable que conozco;
thats very kind of you eres muy amable.
P n (sort) tipo, gnero, clase f: what kind
of ? qu clase de ? l o c to be two of a
kind ser tal para cual. y to pay in kind 1
pagar en especie. 2 (treatment) pagar
con la misma moneda.
P adv fam kind of bastante, algo, un
poco: its kind of difficult es un poco difcil;
have you finished? Kind of has acabado?
Ms o menos; and that kind of thing y
cosas por el estilo.
kindergarten [kIndgAtn] n parvu
lario, guardera.
kind-hearted [kaIndhAtId] adj bon
dadoso,-a.
kindly [kaIndlI] adj amable.
comp kindlier, superl kindliest.
P adv 1 con amabilidad: she very kindly
lent me 5 tuvo la amabilidad de prestar
me cinco libras. 2 (please) por favor:
kindly shut up! haz el favor de callarte!
kindness [kaIndns] n 1 bondad f,
amabilidad f. 2 (favour) favor m.
kinetics [kInetIks] n cintica.
king [kIN] n rey m. c o m p the king and
queen los reyes mpl. y the Three Kings
los Reyes mpl Magos.
kingdom [kINdm] n reino.
kingfisher [kINfISr] n martn pesca
dor m.
king-size [kINsaIz] adj extragrande,
extralargo,-a.
kiosk [kisk] n 1 quiosco. 2 (telephone)
cabina telefnica.
kipper [kIpr] n arenque m.
Kiribati [kIrIbQtI] n Kiribati.
kiss [kIs] n beso.
pl kisses.
P vt besar, dar un beso a: he kissed her
on the cheek le dio un beso en la mejilla.
P vi besarse, darse un beso.
kit [kIt] n 1 (equipment, gear) equipo,
equipaje m. 2 (clothes) ropa. 3 (model)
maqueta, kit m.
to kit out vt sep equipar.
a knitwear [nItwer] n gnero de punto.
210
kitchen [kItSIn] n cocina. c o m p kitchen
garden huerto.
kite [kaIt] n 1 (bird) milano. 2 (toy) come
ta: to fly a kite hacer volar una cometa.
kitten [kItn] n gatito,-a. l o c to have
kittens tener un ataque: I nearly had
kittens! por poco me da un ataque!
kitty [kItI] n 1 fam (cat) minino,-a. 2 (in
card games) bote m; (for bills, drinks) fon
do comn.
pl kitties.
kiwi [kiwi] n 1 (bird) kiwi m. 2 (fruit)
kiwi m.
klaxon [klQksn] n claxon m.
knack [nQk] n maa, truco. l o c to get
the knack of doing sth entender cmo
hacer algo, agarrarle el punto a algo.
knapsack [nQpsQk] n mochila.
knead [nid] vt amasar.
knee [ni] n 1 anat rodilla: on ones
knees de rodillas. 2 (of trousers) rodillera.
P vt dar un rodillazo a.
kneecap [nikQp] n rtula.
kneel [nil] vi arrodillarse.
pt & pp knelt [nelt].
kneepad [nipQd] n rodillera.
knelt [nelt] pt & pp kneel.
knew [nju] pt know.
knickers [nIkz] n pl bragas fpl: she bought
three pairs of knickers compr tres bragas.
knife [naIf] n (gen) cuchillo; (folding) na
vaja.
pl knives.
P vt apualar, acuchillar.
knight [naIt] n 1 arch caballero. 2
(chess) caballo. 3 caballero, (hombre que
lleva el ttulo de Sir). c o m p knight in shining
armour prncipe m azul.
knit [nIt] vt tejer.
P vi 1 hacer punto, hacer media. 2
med soldarse. 3 fig unirse. l o c to knit
ones brow fruncir.
pt & pp knit o knitted, ger knitting.
knitting [nItIN] n (material) punto; (ac-
tivity) labor f de punto. c o m p knitting
machine tricotosa. y knitting needle
aguja de tejer.
knives [naIvz]pl knife.

knob [nb] n 1 (on door - large) pomo;
(- small) tirador m. 2 (on stick) puo. 3
(natural) bulto, protuberancia. 4 (on
radio, etc) botn m.
knock [nk] n 1 (blow) golpe m. 2 (on
door) llamada: was that a knock at the
door? han llamado a la puerta? 3 fig (bad
luck) revs m.
P vt 1 (to hit) golpear, darse un golpe en.
2 fam (criticize) criticar, hablar mal de:
the newspapers are forever knocking the Eng-
land manager los peridicos siempre criti
can al entrenador de la seleccin inglesa.
P vi 1 (at door) llamar: please knock before
entering por favor, llamen antes de entrar.
2 (of car engine) golpear, martillear.
a to knock down vt sep 1 (building) de
rribar. 2 (person - with a car) atropellar;
(- with a blow) derribar. 3 (price) rebajar.
a to knock out vt sep 1 (make uncon-
scious) dejar sin conocimiento; (put to
sleep) dejar dormido,-a; (boxing) dejar
K.O. 2 (from competition) eliminar.
a to knock over vt sep 1 (overturn) vol
car, tirar. 2 (run over) atropellar.
knockdown [nkdaUn] adj rebajado.
c o m p knockdown price precio de saldo.
knocker [nkr] n 1 aldaba. 2 (critic)
detractor,-ra.
knockout [nkaUt] n 1 sp knock-out
m, fuera de combate m. 2 fam mara
villa: its a knockout! es alucinante!
knot [nt] n 1 (gen) nudo. 2 (people) co
rrillo, grupo.
P vt anudar.
pt & pp knotted, ger knotting.
know [nU] vt 1 (be acquainted with) co
nocer: do you know Colin? conoces a Co
lin? 2 (recognize) reconocer: Id know him
if I saw him again lo reconocera si lo vol
viera a ver. 3 (have knowledge of) saber: I
dont know the answer no s la respuesta.
l o c as far as I know que yo sepa. y
dont I know it! y me lo dices a m?,
ni que lo digas! y how should I know?
yo qu s? y if only Id known! ha Kurdish [kdIS] adj kurdo,-a.
berlo sabido! y not that I know of que
yo sepa, no. y you never know nunca
se sabe. y I know what! ya lo tengo! y
to be in the know estar enterado,-a.
211 Kuwaiti
y you know best t sabes mejor que
yo, sabes lo que ms te conviene. y
to know better tener ms juicio. y to
know by sight conocer de vista. y
a to know about vt insep 1 saber de,
entender de.
a to know of vt insep saber de, haber
odo hablar de.
pt knew [nju], pp known [nUn].
know-all [nUl] n sabelotodo mf.
know-how [nUhaU] n saber hacer m,
conocimiento prctico.
knowledge [nlIdZ] n 1 (learning, infor-
mation) conocimientos mpl: his knowl-
edge of football is amazing sus conoci
mientos de ftbol son increbles. 2
(awareness) conocimiento: at that time I
had no knowledge of what was happening
entonces no tena conocimiento de lo
que estaba pasando. l o c to my know
ledge que yo sepa. y to be common
knowledge that ser notorio que ,
todo el mundo sabe que y it has
come to my knowledge that he lle
gado a saber que y to have a good
K
knowledge of sth conocer algo bien.
knowledgeable [nlIdZbl] adj en
tendido,-a: hes very knowledgeable about
music es muy entendido en msica.
known [nUn] pp know.
knuckle [nkl] n nudillo.
a to knuckle down vi fam ponerse a
trabajar en serio.
to knuckle under vi pasar por el aro.
a
koala [kUAl] n koala m.
Koran [krAn] n Alcorn m, Corn m.
Korea [krI] n Corea. c o m p North Ko
rea Corea del Norte. y South Korea
Corea del Sur.
Korean [krIn] adj coreano,-a.
P n 1 (person) coreano,-a. 2 (language)
coreano. c o m p North Korean norcorea
no,-a. y South Korean surcoreano,-a.
kudos [kjuds] n prestigio.
Kurd [kd] adj kurdo,-a.
P n (person) kurdo,-a.
P n (language) kurdo.
Kuwait [kUweIt] n Kuwait.
Kuwaiti [kUweItI] adj kuwait.
P n kuwait mf.
 L
L, l [el] n (the letter) L, l f.
l [litr] symb (litre, us liter) litro; (symbol) l.
lab [lQb] n fam (abbr of laboratory) la
boratorio.
label [leIbl] n 1 etiqueta. 2 (record com-
pany) casa discogrfica.
P vt 1 etiquetar, poner etiqueta a. 2
fig calificar (as, de).
pt & pp labelled (us labeled), ger la-
belling (us labeling).
laboratory [lbrtrI, us lQbrtrI] n
laboratorio.
pl laboratories.
labor [leIbr] n us labour.
" El Labor Day es el da del trabajo en
Estados Unidos. Se celebra del primer lu
nes de septiembre y marca el final del ve
rano y el inicio del curso escolar.
labour [leIb r] n 1 (work) trabajo. 2
(task) labor f, tarea, faena. 3 (workforce)
mano f de obra. 4 (childbirth) parto.
c o m p labour camp campo de trabajos
forzados. y Labour Day da del traba
jo. y labour force mano f de obra.
P vi 1 (work hard) trabajar duro. 2 (move
slowly) avanzar penosamente; (engine)
funcionar con dificultad.
P n Labour gb los laboristas mpl , el
Partido Laborista.
laborer [leIbrr] n us labourer.
labourer [leIbrr] n pen m, jornale
ro,-a, bracero. comp farm labourer
pen m agrcola.
labyrinth [lQbrInT] n laberinto.
lace [leIs] n 1 (material) encaje m. 2
(shoestring) cordn m.
P vt (pull string through) poner los cor
dones a.
212
lachrymal [lQkrIml] adj lagrimal, la
crimal.
lack [lQk] n falta, carencia, escasez f:
she has no lack of self-confidence no le falta
confianza en s misma. l o c for lack of
por falta de.
P vt carecer de.
lacquer [lQkr] n laca.
P vt (metal, wood) lacar; (hair) poner laca a.
lacrimal [lQkrIml] adj lachrymal.
lactic [lQktIk] adj lctico,-a.
lactose [lQktUs] n lactosa.
lad [lQd] n 1 gb fam muchacho, cha
val m, chico. 2 gb fam diablillo, pillo:
Johns a bit of a lad. John es un poco pillo.
3 (stable boy) mozo de cuadra.
ladder [lQdr] n 1 escalera (de mano).
2 gb (in stocking) carrera. 3 fig escala.
c o m p rope ladder escalera de cuerda.
P vi gb hacerse una carrera.
P vt gb hacerse una carrera en.
laden [leIdn] adj cargado,-a (with,
de). l o c to be fully laden estar lleno,-a
hasta el tope.
ladies [leIdIz] n gb (toilet) lavabo (de
seoras). c o m p ladies room us lavabo
(de seoras).
ladle [leIdl] n cucharn m.
P vt servir con cucharn.
a to ladle out vt sep repartir.
lady [leIdI] n seora; (of high social posi-
tion) dama.
pl ladies.
ladybird [leIdIbd] n mariquita.
ladybug [leIdIbg] n us mariquita.
lag [lQg] n 1 retraso. 2 gb sl preso.
comp time lag retraso.
lager [lAgr] n cerveza rubia.
laid [leId] pt & pp lay2.

lain [leIn] pp lie .2
lake [leIk] n lago.
lama [lAm] n lama m.
lamb [lQm] n 1 (animal) cordero,-a. 2
(meat) carne f de cordero. 3 fam (person)
cordero,-a: poor lamb! pobrecito,-a!
lame [leIm] adj 1 cojo,-a: lame in one leg
cojo,-a de una pierna. 2 fig dbil; (ex-
cuse) poco convincente; (business)
fallido,-a. c o m p lame duck intil mf.
lamp [lQmp] n 1 lmpara. 2 (on car,
train) faro.
lamppost [lQmppUst] n (poste m de)
farol m.
lampshade [lQmpSeId] n pantalla (de
lmpara).
land [lQnd] n 1 (gen) tierra: by land and
sea por tierra y por mar. 2 (soil) suelo,
tierra. 3 (country, region) tierra: in foreign
lands en tierras extranjeras. 4 (property)
terreno, tierras fpl. l o c land ahoy!
tierra a la vista! c o m p farm land tie
rras fpl de cultivo. y land-agent gb
encargado,-a de una granja.
P vi 1 (plane, etc) aterrizar, tomar tie
rra; (bird) posarse. 2 (disembark) des
embarcar. 3 (fall) caer.
a to land in vt sep causar, traer: hes
bound to land you in trouble seguro que te
traer problemas.
a to land up vi acabar.
landing [lQndIN] n 1 (plane) aterrizaje
m. 2 (on stairs) descansillo, rellano. 3
(of people) desembarco. c o m p crash
landing aterrizaje m de emergencia.
y landing field pista de aterrizaje. y
landing gear tren m de aterrizaje.
landlady [lQndleIdI] n (of flat) propie
taria, duea; (of house) casera.
pl landladies.
landlord [lQndld] n 1 (of flat) propie
tario, dueo; (of house) casero.
landowner [lQndUnr] n propieta
rio,-a, terrateniente mf, hacendado,-a.
landscape [lQndskeIp] n paisaje m.
c o m p landscape gardener jardinista mf,
arquitecto,-a paisajista. y landscape
painter paisajista mf.
P vt ajardinar.
lane [leIn] n 1 (in country) camino, sen
dero; (in town) callejuela, callejn m. 2
213 larynx
(on road) carril m. 3 (in athletics, swimming)
calle f.
language [lQNgwIdZ] n 1 (faculty, way
of speaking) lenguaje m. 2 (tongue) idio
ma m, lengua. 3 (school subject) lengua.
l o c to use bad language ser mal
hablado,-a. c o m p language laboratory
laboratorio de idiomas. y language
school escuela de idiomas.
lantern [lQntn] n linterna, farol m.
Laos [laUz, laUs] n Laos.
Laotian [laUSIn] adj laosiano,-a.
P n laosiano,-a.
lap1 [lQp] n regazo; (knees) rodillas fpl;
(skirt) falda.
lap2 [lQp] n 1 sp vuelta. 2 fig (stage) eta
pa.
P vt sp (overtake) doblar.
P vi (go round) dar la vuelta.
pt & pp lapped, ger lapping.
lap3 [lQp] vt 1 (animal) beber a lenge
tadas. 2 (waves) lamer, besar.
pt & pp lapped, ger lapping.
lapel [lpel] n solapa.
Lapland [lQplQnd] n Laponia. L
lapse [lQps] n 1 (in time) intervalo, lap
so. 2 (slip) desliz m. 3 (when speaking)
lapsus m; (of memory) fallo.
laptop [lQptp] [also laptop comput-
er] n ordenador m porttil.
lard [lAd] n manteca de cerdo.
larder [lAdr] n despensa.
large [lAdZ] adj 1 grande; (before sing
noun) gran; (sum, amount) importante;
(meal) abundante. 2 (family) nume
roso,-a. 3 (extensive) amplio,-a, exten
so,-a. l o c at large (as a whole) en gene
ral. y by and large por lo general.
large-scale [lAdZskeIl] adj 1 de gran
escala. 2 (map) a gran escala.
lark1 [lAk] n (bird) alondra.
lark2 [lAk] n fam (bit of fun) broma.
a to lark about / lark around vi fam
hacer el indio.
larva [lAv] n larva.
pl larvae [lAvi].
laryngitis [lQrIndZaIts] n laringitis f.
larynx [lQrINks] n laringe f.
pl larynxes o larynges [lQrIdZiz].
 lasagna
lasagna [lzAnj] n lasaa. lately
laser [leIzr] n lser m.
lash [lQS] n 1 (blow with whip) latigazo,
azote m; (with tail) coletazo. 2 (whip) l
tigo; (thong) tralla. 3 (eyelash) pestaa.
pl lashes.
P vt 1 (in general) azotar. 2 (fasten) suje
tar.
a to lash out vi 1 arremeter (against/
at , contra). 2 (splurge) gastarse un
montn (de dinero) (on, en).
lass [lQs] n fam chica, chavala.
pl lasses.
lasso [lQsU] n lazo.
pl lassos o lassoes.
last [lAst] adj 1 (final) ltimo,-a. 2 (most
recent) ltimo,-a: the last time la ltima
vez. 3 (past) pasado,-a; (previous) ante
rior: last Monday el lunes pasado; the
night before last anteanoche.
P adv 1 por ltima vez: when he last
came to see me cuando vino a verme por
ltima vez. 2 (at the end) en ltimo lu
gar; (in race) en ltima posicin. l o c at
last al fin, por fin. y at long last por
fin.
P n (person) el/la ltimo,-a; (thing) lo
ltimo: are you the last? eres t el lti ces. 2 (second) segundo,-a.
mo? l o c last but one penltimo,-a.
P vi (continue) durar; (hold out) aguantar,
resistir.
P vt durar.
a to last out vi resistir, aguantar.
lasting [lAstIN] adj duradero,-a.
lastly [lAstlI] adv por ltimo, final
mente.
latch [lQtS] n pestillo: come in, the doors
on the latch entra, el pestillo no est
echado.
late [leIt] adj 1 (not on time) tardo,-a:
youre ten minutes late llegas diez minu
tos tarde. 2 (far on in time) tarde: in late
May a finales de mayo. 3 euph (dead)
difunto,-a, fallecido,-a. 4 (former) an
terior. 5 (last-minute) de ltima hora.
l o c to get late hacerse tarde.
P adv 1 tarde: I stayed up late last night
anoche me acost muy tarde. 2 (recently)
recientemente: as late as yesterday ayer
mismo. l o c of late ltimamente.
214
[leItlI] adv ltimamente, re
cientemente.
later [leItr] adj 1 ms tardo,-a: well
discuss that at a later date hablaremos de
eso ms adelante. 2 (more recent) ms re
ciente.
P adv 1 ms tarde: five minutes later cin
co minutos ms tarde; see you later! hasta
luego! 2 (afterwards) despus, luego.
l o c later on ms adelante, ms tarde.
lateral [lQtrl] adj lateral.
latest [leItIst] adj ltimo,-a, ms re
ciente.
P n lo ltimo. l o c at the latest como
mximo.
latex [leIteks] n ltex m.
lather [lADr] n 1 (of soap) espuma. 2
(sweat) sudor m.
P vt enjabonar.
Latin [lQtIn] adj latino,-a.
P n 1 (person) latino,-a. 2 (language) la
t n m . comp L a t i n A m e r i c a n
latinoamericano,-a.
latitude [lQtItjUd] n latitud f.
latter [lQtr] adj 1 (last) ltimo,-a: the
latter days of his life were very happy los l
timos das de su vida fueron muy feli
P pron the latter ste,-a, este,-a lti
mo,-a.
lattice [lQtIs] n celosa, enrejado.
Latvia [lQtvI] n Letonia.
Latvian [lQtvIn] adj letn,-ona.
P n 1 (person) letn,-ona. 2 (language)
letn m.
laugh [lAf] vi rer, rerse: it makes me
laugh me da risa. l o c he who laughs
last laughs longest quien re ltimo
re mejor. y to laugh ones head off
fam morirse de risa, matarse de ri
sa.
P n risa: we had a really good laugh nos
remos muchsimo.
a to laugh at vt insep rerse de.
a to laugh off vt sep tomar a risa.
laughter [lAft r] n risas fpl: a fit of
laughter un ataque de risa.
launch [lntS] vt 1 lanzar: it will be
launched on the market next year se lanza
r al mercado el ao que viene. 2 (ship)

botar; (lifeboat) echar al mar. 3 (film,
etc) estrenar; (book) presentar. 4 (com-
pany) fundar. 5 (scheme, attack) iniciar.
c o m p launch pad plataforma de lan
zamiento.
P n (boat) lancha.
pl launches.
launching [lntSIN] n 1 lanzamiento.
2 (of ship) botadura. 3 (of film) estreno;
(of book) presentacin f. c o m p launch
ing pad plataforma de lanzamiento.
launder [lndr] vt 1 (clothes) lavar (y
planchar). 2 fig (money) blanquear.
launderette [lndret] n lavandera
automtica.
laundry [lndrI] n 1 (place) lavande
ra. 2 (dirty) ropa sucia, colada; (clean)
ropa limpia, ropa lavada. l o c to do
the laundry lavar la ropa.
pl laundries.
lava [lAv] n lava.
lavatory [lQvt rI] n 1 vter m . 2
(room) lavabo, bao.
pl lavatories.
lavender
vanda.
[lQvInd r] n espliego, la
P adj (colour) de color lavanda.
law [l] n 1 ley f. 2 educ derecho. l o c
against the law contra la ley. y by law
por ley. y to keep within the law obrar
segn la ley. c o m p law and order or
den m pblico. y law court tribunal m
de justicia.
lawful [lfUl] adj legal.
lawn [ln] n csped m.
lawnmower [lnmUr] n cortacs lazy [leIzI] adj 1 gandul,-la, vago,-a,
ped m & f.
lawsuit [lsjUt] n pleito, juicio.
lawyer [ljr] n abogado,-a. lazybones [leIzIbUnz] n perezoso,-a,
laxative [lQkstIv] adj laxante.
P n laxante m.
lay1 [leI] adj 1 rel laico,-a, seglar. 2
(non-professional) lego,-a, no profesio
nal.
lay 2 [leI] vt 1 (gen) poner, colocar;
(spread out) extender. 2 (bricks, carpet)
poner; (cable, pipe) tender; (foundations,
basis) echar; (bomb) colocar. 3 (prepare)
preparar; (curse) lanzar. 4 (eggs) poner.
215 lead
5 (bet) apostar. 6 (charge) formular. l o c
to lay the table poner la mesa.
P vi (hen) poner huevos.
a to lay by vt sep guardar; (money) aho
rrar.
a to lay down vt sep 1 (let go) dejar, sol
tar. 2 (give up) entregar. 3 (establish) im
poner, fijar.
a to lay off vt sep (worker) despedir.
P vt insep fam (stop) dejar en paz.
P vi fam parar: lay off! ya est bien!,
para ya!
a to lay on vt sep (provide) suministrar.
P vt insep (burden) cargar.
a to lay out vt sep 1 (spread out) tender,
extender. 2 (arrange) disponer, colo
car. 3 (present) presentar, exponer. 4
(town, etc) hacer el trazado de; (garden)
disear.
a to lay over vi us (gen) hacer una pa
rada (at/in, en); (plane) hacer escala
(at/in, en).
pt & pp laid [leId].
lay3 [leI] pp lie2.
lay-by [leIbaI] n rea de descanso.
pl lay-bys. L
layer [leIr] n 1 capa. 2 (of rock) estrato.
3 (hen) gallina ponedora.
layout [leIaUt] n 1 (arrangement) dispo
sicin f; (presentation) presentacin f.
2 (printing) composicin f, formato. 3
(plan) trazado.
laze [leIz] vi gandulear, holgazanear.
a to laze about / laze around vi hacer
el vago.
laziness [leIzIns] n pereza.
perezoso,-a. 2 (river) perezoso,-a.
comp lazier, superl laziest.
gandul,-la.
pl lazybones.
lb [paUnd] abbr (pound) libra.
pl lb o lbs.
lead1 [led] n 1 (metal) plomo. 2 (in pencil)
mina. l o c to swing the lead fam hacer
el vago.
lead2 [lid] vt 1 (guide) llevar, conducir:
our tour guide led the way to the cathedral
la gua nos llev a la catedral. 2 (be leader
 leader
of) liderar, dirigir. 3 (be first in) ocupar
el primer puesto en. 4 (influence) lle
var: he is easily led se deja llevar fcil
mente.
P vi 1 (road) conducir, llevar (to, a). 2
(command) tener el mando. 3 (go first) ir
primero,-a.
pt & pp led [led].
P n 1 (front position) delantera. 2 sp lide
rato; (difference) ventaja. 3 theat pri
mer papel m.
leader [lidr] n 1 pol lder mf, dirigen leap [lip] vi saltar, brincar.
te mf. 2 (in race) lder mf (of/in, de).
leadership [lidSIp] n 1 (position) lide
rato, liderazgo. 2 (qualities) dotes mpl
de mando. 3 (leaders) direccin f.
lead-free [ledfri] adj sin plomo.
leading [lidIN] adj destacado,-a,
principal.
leaf [lif] n 1 (of plant) hoja. 2 (of book)
hoja, pgina.
pl leaves [li:vz].
leaflet [liflt] n (folded) folleto; (single
sheet) octavilla, hoja suelta.
P vi gb repartir folletos, repartir oc
tavillas.
league [lig] n liga. l o c to be in league
with sb estar conchabado,-a con
algn.
leak [lik] vi 1 (container) tener un aguje
ro; (pipe) tener un escape. 2 (roof) go
tear. 3 (gas, fluid) escaparse.
P n 1 (hole) agujero. 2 (in roof) gotera. 3
(of gas) fuga, escape m; (of liquid) escape
m. 4 fig (of information, etc) filtracin f.
a to leak out vi 1 (gas, fluid) escaparse.
2 fig filtrarse.
leakage [likIdZ] n fuga, escape m.
leaky [likI] adj 1 (container) agujerea
do,-a; (pipe) con un escape. 2 (roof)
que tiene goteras. 3 (pipe) que tiene
escapes.
comp leakier, superl leakiest.
lean1 [lin] adj 1 (person) delgado,-a, fla
co,-a. 2 (meat) magro,-a. 3 (harvest)
malo,-a, escaso,-a; (year) malo,-a,
pobre: it was a lean year for car sales fue
un mal ao para la venta de coches.
P n (meat) carne f magra.
216
lean2 [lin] vi 1 inclinarse. 2 (for support)
apoyarse (on, en) (against, contra).
P vt apoyar.
a to lean on vt insep 1 (depend on) de
pender de. 2 (pressure) presionar a.
a to lean towards vt insep estar a fa
vor de, tirar hacia.
pt & pp leaned o leant [lent].
leaning [linIN] adj inclinado,-a.
Pn inclinacin f, tendencia.
leant [lent] pt & pp lean2.
pt & pp leaped o leapt [lept].
P n 1 salto, brinco. c o m p leap year ao
bisiesto.
leapfrog [lipfrg] n pdola.
P vt fig (skip) saltarse.
pt & pp leapfrogged, ger leapfrog-
ging.
leapt [lept] pt & pp leap.
learn [ln] vt 1 aprender: Id love to
learn (how) to ice-skate me encantara
aprender a patinar sobre hielo. 2 (find out
about) enterarse de, saber.
P vi1 aprender. 2 (find out) enterarse
(about/of, de).
pt & pp learned o learnt [lnt].
learned [lnd] adj erudito,-a.
learner [lnr] n estudiante mf. comp
learner driver conductor,-a en prcti
cas.
learnt [lnt] pt & pp learn.
leash [liS] n correa.
leasing [lisIN] n 1 arrendamiento,
arriendo. 2 fin leasing m.
least [list] adj menor, menos: he
makes the least money es el que gana me
nos dinero.
P adv menos: when you least expect it
cuando menos lo esperas.
P n lo menos: its the least I can do es lo
menos que puedo hacer. l o c at (the)
least por lo menos.
leather [leDr] n piel f, cuero.
P adj de piel, de cuero.
leave1 [liv] vt 1 (go away from) dejar,
abandonar; (go out of) salir de: she left
home when she was 16 se march de casa
a los 16 aos. 2 (stop being with) irse de,
marcharse de. 3 (forget) dejarse, olvi

dar, olvidarse. 4 (allow to remain) dejar:
please leave the door open por favor, deja
la puerta abierta. 5 (cause to remain) de
jar: the glass left a ring on the table el vaso
dej un cerco en la mesa. 6 (bequeath)
dejar, legar. 7 math dar: two from six
leaves four seis menos dos dan cuatro.
P vi marcharse, irse, partir: he left for
Rome this morning esta maana sali ha
cia Roma.
a to leave off vt insep dejar de: there
was so much noise that I had to leave off
studying haba tanto ruido que tuve que
dejar de estudiar.
P viacabar, terminar.
a to leave out vt sep omitir, excluir.
pt & pp left, ger leaving.
leave2 [liv] n 1 (time off) permiso. 2
(permission) permiso. l o c to be on leave
mil estar de permiso.
leaven [levn] n levadura.
leaves [livz] pl leaf.
Lebanese [lebniz] adj libans,-esa.
Pn libans,-esa.
Pn pl the Lebanese los libaneses mpl.
Lebanon [lebnn] n Lbano.
lectern [lektn] n atril m; (in church) fa
cistol m.
lecture [lektSr] n 1 conferencia. 2 (in
university) clase f. 3 (telling-off) repri
menda, sermn m.
P vi 1 dar una conferencia ( on, so
bre). 2 (in university) dar clase.
P vt (scold) sermonear, echar una re
primenda a.
, Lecture no significa 'lectura', que se
traduce por reading.
lecturer [lektSrr] n 1 conferenciante
mf. 2 (in university) profesor,-ra.
, Lecturer no significa 'lector', que se
traduce por reader.
led [livz] pp & pt lead2.
ledge [ledZ] n 1 (shelf) repisa; (of win-
dow) antepecho, alfizar m. 2 (of rock)
saliente m.
lee [li] n 1 mar sotavento, socaire m. 2
(shelter) abrigo. l o c in the lee of al
abrigo de.
217 legitimate
leech [litS] n sanguijuela.
leek [lik] n puerro.
left1 [left] adj 1 izquierdo,-a. 2 pol de
izquierdas: the left wing of the party el
ala izquierda del partido.
P adv a la izquierda, hacia la izquier
da.
P n 1 izquierda: keep to the left mantn
gase a la izquierda. 2 (punch) golpe m de
la izquierda. l o c on the left a mano
izquierda.
left2 [left] pt & pp leave1. l o c to be
left quedar: is there any milk left? queda
leche? y to be left over sobrar, quedar.
c o m p left luggage office consigna.
left-hand [lefthQnd] adj izquierdo,-a:
the shop is on the left-hand side la tienda
est a mano izquierda.
leftover [leftUvr] adj sobrante, res
tante.
Pn pl leftovers sobras fpl, restos mpl.
leg [leg] n 1 anat pierna; (of animal) pa
ta. 2 culin (lamb, etc) pierna; (chicken,
etc) muslo. 3 (of furniture) pata, pie m. 4
(of trousers) pernera. 5 (stage) etapa. l o c
to pull sbs leg fam tomarle el pelo a
L
algn.
legal [ligl] adj 1 legal, lcito,-a. 2 (re-
lating to the law) jurdico,-a, legal: the
legal profession la abogaca. l o c to take
legal action entablar un pleito
(against, contra).
legalize [liglaIz] vt legalizar.
legend [ledZnd] n leyenda.
legendary [ledZndrI] adj legenda
rio,-a.
leggings [legINz] n pl (whole leg) mallas
fpl; (below knee) polainas fpl.
legible [ledZbl] adj legible.
legion [lidZn] n legin f.
legionary [lidZnrI] n legionario.
pl legionaries.
legionnaire [lidZner] n legionario.
comp legionnaires disease enferme
dad f del legionario.
legislation [ledZIsleISn] n legislacin f.
legislative [ledZIsltIv] adj
legislativo,-a.
legitimate [lIdZItImt] adj legtimo,-a.
 legume
legume [legjUm] n legumbre f.
leisure [leZr, us liZr] n ocio, tiempo
libre. l o c at leisure 1 (with free time) en
su tiempo libre. 2 (calmly) tranquila
mente. c o m p leisure centre centro re
creativo.
lemon [lemn] n limn m.
P adj (colour) de color limn. c o m p lem
on squeezer exprimidor m. y lemon
tree limonero.
lemonade [lemneId] n 1 (fizzy - plain)
gaseosa; (- lemony-flavoured) limonada.
2 (still) limonada.
lend [lend] vt 1 dejar, prestar: could you
lend me some money? me dejas un poco
de dinero? 2 fig (add) dotar de, pres
tar. l o c to lend os to sth prestarse a
algo, prestarse para algo. y to lend
(sb) a hand echar una mano (a algn).
pt & pp lent [lent].
length [leNT] n 1 longitud f. 2 (of time)
duracin f. 3 (piece) trozo; (of cloth) lar
go. 4 (of road) tramo; (of swimming pool)
largo.
lengthen [leNTn] vt 1 (skirt, etc) alar
gar. 2 (lifetime) prolongar.
P vi 1 (skirt, etc) alargarse. 2 (lifetime)
prolongarse; (days) crecer.
lengthy [leNTI] adj (in general) largo,-a.
comp lengthier, superl lengthiest.
lens [lenz] n 1 (of glasses) lente m & f. 2
(of camera) objetivo. 3 anat cristalino.
pl lenses.
lent [lent] pt & pp lend.
lentil [lentl] n lenteja.
Leo [liU] n Leo.
leopard [lepd] n leopardo.
leotard [litAd] n malla.
Lesotho [lIsUtU] n Lesotho.
less [les] adj menos.
P pron menos: the less you buy, the less
youll spend cunto menos compres, me
nos gastars. l o c no less nada menos.
P adv menos: less and less cada vez me
nos; he was being less than sincere no fue
nada sincero. l o c much less menos an.
P prep menos.
lessen [lesn] vt disminuir, reducir.
P vi disminuir, reducirse.
218
lesser [lesr] adj menor.
lesson [lesn] n 1 (class) clase f. 2 (warn-
ing) leccin f.
let [let] vt (allow) dejar: he lets the children
watch cartoon videos a los nios les deja
mirar vdeos de dibujos animados. loc
to let sb alone dejar a algn en paz, no
molestar a algn. y to let sb know ha
cer saber a algn, avisar a algn.
P aux que + subjuntivo: let him come que
venga; lets go! vamos!, vmonos!
P vt gb (rent) alquilar: House to let Se
alquila casa.
P n gb (renting) alquiler m.
a to let down vt sep 1 (lower) bajar. 2
(lengthen) alargar. 3 (deflate) desinflar.
4 (disappoint) fallar, defraudar.
a to let in vt sep dejar entrar: her father
let me in me abri su padre.
a to let into vt sep 1 dejar entrar a: this
key will let you into the garage con esta lla
ve podrs entrar en el garaje. 2 (reveal)
revelar.
a to let off vt sep 1 (leave off) dejar. 2
(bomb) hacer explotar; (fireworks) ha
cer estallar. 3 (person - forgive) perdo
n a r ;
(- let leave) dejar marcharse; (- free) de
jar en libertad.
a to let on vi fam (tell) decir, descu
brir.
P vt insep fam (pretend) hacer ver.
a to let out vt sep 1 (in general) dejar
salir; (release) soltar (from, de). 2 (utter)
soltar.
a to let through vt sep dejar pasar.
a to let up vi parar.
a to let up on vt insep fam dejar en
paz.
pt & pp let, ger letting.
lets [lets] v aux let.
letter [letr] n 1 (of alphabet) letra. 2
(message) carta. l o c to the letter al pie
de la letra. c o m p capital letter mays
cula. y letter box buzn m. y small let
ter minscula.
lettuce [letIs] n lechuga.
leukaemia [lUkimI] n leucemia.
leukemia [lUkimI] n us leukaemia.
leukocyte [lUksaIt] n leucocito.

level [lev l] adj 1 (horizontal) llano,-a,
plano,-a. 2 (even) a nivel, nivelado,-a;
(spoonful, etc) raso,-a: the tables not level la
mesa no est nivelada. 3 (equal) igual,
igualado,-a. 4 (steady) estable; (voice)
llano,-a. c o m p level crossing paso a ni
vel.
P n 1 nivel m: above sea level sobre el ni
vel del mar. 2 (flat ground) llano, llanu
ra. l o c to be on a level with estar al
mismo nivel que.
P vt 1 (make level, survey) nivelar. 2 (raze)
arrasar, rasar. 3 (aim) apuntar.
P adv a ras (with, de).
pt & pp levelled (us leveled), ger level-
ling (us leveling).
lever [liv r] n 1 palanca. 2 (in lock)
guarda.
levy [levI] vt recaudar; (fine) imponer.
pt & pp levied, ger levying.
Pn recaudacin f; (of fine) imposicin f.
pl levies.
lexical [leksIkl] adj lxico,-a.
liable [laIbl] adj 1 (likely, susceptible)
propenso,-a (to, a): the car is liable to
stall el coche tiende a calarse. 2 (suscepti-
ble) susceptible (to, a).
liar [laIr] n mentiroso,-a, embuste
ro,-a: hes such a liar! menudo embus
tero est hecho!
liberal [lIbrl] adj 1 (in general) liberal.
2 (abundant) abundante.
Liberal [lIbrl] adj pol liberal.
P n pol liberal mf.
liberalize [lIbrlaIz] vt liberalizar.
liberation [lIbreISn] n liberacin f.
Liberia [laIbIrI] n Liberia.
Liberian [laIbIrIn] adj liberiano,-a.
Pn liberiano,-a.
liberty [lIbtI] n libertad f.
pl liberties. l o c at liberty en liber
tad, libre (to, de). y to take liberties
with sb/sth tomarse libertades con
algn/algo.
Libra [libr] n Libra m.
librarian [laIbrerIn] n biblioteca
rio,-a.
library [laIbrrI] n 1 biblioteca. 2 (col-
lection) coleccin f. c o m p newspaper li
brary hemeroteca.
219 life
pl libraries.
, Library no significa 'librera (tienda)',
que se traduce por bookshop, ni 'librera
(mueble)', que se traduce por bookcase.
libretto [lIbretU] n libreto.
pl librettos o libretti [lIbreti].
Libya [lIbI] n Libia.
Libyan [lIbIn] adj libio,-a.
Pn libio,-a.
lice [laIs] pl louse.
licence [laIsns] n 1 (permit) licencia,
permiso. 2 (freedom) libertad f; (exces-
sive freedom) licencia. c o m p licence
number matrcula.
license [laIsns] n us licence.
P vt autorizar, dar licencia a.
licensed [laIsnst] adj autorizado,-a.
lichen [laIkn, lItSn] n liquen m.
lick [lIk] vt 1 lamer. 2 fam (defeat - team)
vencer a, derrotar; (- problem) supe
rar, solucionar. l o c to lick ones lips
relamerse.
P n 1 lamedura, lengetada. 2 fam (of
paint) mano f.
licorice [lIkrIs, lIkrIS] n regaliz m. L
lid [lId] n 1 (cover) tapa. 2 (of eye) prpa
do. l o c to take the lid off sth fig desta
par algo.
lie1 [laI] vi mentir.
pt & pp lied, ger lying.
P n mentira. l o c to tell lies mentir.
lie2 [laI] vi 1 (adopt a flat position) acos
tarse, tumbarse. 2 (be situated) estar
(situado,-a), encontrarse. 3 (be bur-
ied) yacer. 4 (remain) quedarse, per
manecer.
a to lie back vi recostarse.
a to lie down vi acostarse, tumbarse,
echarse.
a to lie up vi guardar cama.
pt lay [leI], pp lain [leIn], ger lying.
Liechtenstein [lIktnstaIn] n Liech
tenstein.
lie-down [laIdaUn] n siesta.
lieutenant [leftennt, us lUtennt] n 1
mil teniente m. 2 (non-military) lugarte
niente m.
life [laIf] n 1 vida. 2 (of battery) duracin
f. l o c its a matter of life and death es
 lifeboat
cuestin de vida o muerte. y not on
your life! fam ni hablar! y to come to
life cobrar vida. y to lose ones life per
der la vida. y to take ones own life sui
cidarse, quitarse la vida. y to take sbs
life matar a algn. c o m p life belt / life
buoy salvavidas m. y life jacket chaleco
salvavidas. y life style estilo de vida.
pl lives [laIvz].
lifeboat [laIfbUt] n 1 (on shore) lancha
de socorro. 2 (on ship) bote m salvavi
das.
lifeguard [laIfgAd] n socorrista mf.
lifelong [laIflN] adj de toda la vida.
life-saver [laIfseIvr] n socorrista mf.
lifestyle [laIfstaIl] n estilo de vida.
lifetime [laIftaIm] n 1 vida: in her life-
time en su vida. 2 fam eternidad f.
lift [lIft] vt 1 (in general) levantar, coger.
2 (by plane) transportar.
P vi (of movable parts) levantarse:.
P n gb ascensor m. l o c to give sb a lift 1
(in car) llevar a algn en auto. 2 (cheer
up) animar.
liftoff [lIftf] n despegue m.
ligament [lIgmnt] n ligamento.
light1 [laIt] n 1 (gen) luz f. 2 (lamp) luz f,
lmpara; (traffic light) semforo. 3 (for
cigarette, fire) fuego. l o c in (the) light of
gb en vista de, teniendo en cuenta. y
to come to light salir a luz. y to throw
light on sth aclarar algo . c o m p light
bulb bombilla. y light switch interrup
tor m de la luz. y light year ao luz.
P vt 1 (ignite) encender. 2 (illuminate) ilu
minar, alumbrar.
pt & pp lighted o lit [lIt].
P adj 1 (colour) claro,-a; (complexion)
blanco,-a. 2 (bright) con mucha clari
dad.
light2 [laIt] adj 1 (not heavy) ligero,-a;
(rain) fino,-a; (breeze) suave. 2 (sentence,
wound) leve. c o m p light aircraft avio
neta.
lighten1 [laItn] vt 1 (colour) aclarar. 2
(room) iluminar.
P vi (colour) aclararse.
lighten2 [laItn] vt (make less heavy) ali
gerar.
P vi (mood, etc) alegrarse.
220
lighter [laItr] [also cigarette lighter] n
encendedor m, mechero.
lighthouse [laIthaUs] n faro.
lighting [laItIN] n 1 (in general) ilumi
nacin f. 2 (system) alumbrado.
lightly [laItlI] adv 1 (not heavily) ligera
mente. 2 (not seriously) a la ligera.
lightning [laItnIN] n rayo; (flash only)
relmpago.
lights-out [laItsaUt] n la hora de apa
gar las luces.
lightweight [laItweIt] n (boxing) peso
ligero.
lignite [lIgnaIt] n lignita.
like1 [laIk] prep 1 (the same as) como: the
dress looks like new el vestido est como
nuevo. 2 (typical of) propio,-a de: it isnt
like her to make a scene no es propio de
ella armar un escndalo. l o c to look like
sb parecerse a algn. y something like
that algo as, algo por el estilo.
P adj 1 (such as) como. 2 fml parecido,-a.
P conj fam como.
P n algo parecido: Ive never seen the
like of it nunca he vista cosa igual.
like2 [laIk] vt 1 (enjoy) gustar. 2 (want)
querer, gustar: Id like a cup of coffee me
gustara tomar un caf. l o c to like sth
better preferir algo.
P vi querer: if you like si quieres.
P n pl likes gustos mpl.
likeable [laIkbl] adj simptico,-a.
likelihood [laIklIhUd] n probabilidad f.
likely [laIklI] adj probable: hes likely to
leave late es probable que salga tarde.
P adv probablemente. l o c as likely as
not fam lo ms seguro.
comp likelier, superl likeliest.
likeness [laIkns] n 1 (similarity) seme
janza, parecido. 2 (portrait) retrato.
likewise [laIkwaIz] adv 1 (the same) lo
mismo, igualmente: to do likewise ha
cer lo mismo.
liking [laIkIN] n (for thing) gusto, aficin
f; (for person) simpata; (for friend) cario.
lilac [laIlk] n 1 bot lila. 2 (colour) lila m.
P adj (de color) lila.
lily [lIlI] n lirio, azucena.
pl lilies.

limb [lImb] n 1 anat miembro. 2
(branch) rama.
a to limber up vi sp entrar en calor.
P vt sep calentar.
lime [laIm] n 1 (citrus fruit) lima. 2 (citrus
tree) limero. 3 (linden) tilo.
limestone [laImstUn] n piedra cali
za.
limit [lImIt] n lmite m.l o c thats the
limit! fam eso es el colmo! y to be off
limits estar en zona prohibida (to,
para). y within limits dentro de cier
tos lmites.
P vt limitar, restringir (to, a)
limitation [lImIteISn] n limitacin f.
limousine [lImzin] n limusina.
limp1 [lImp] vi cojear.
P n cojera.
limp 2 [lImp] adj 1 (floppy) flojo,-a,
flccido,-a; (lettuce) mustio,-a. 2
(weak) dbil.
limpet [lImpIt] n lapa.
linden [lIndn] n tilo.
line [laIn] n 1 (in general) lnea: in a
straight line en lnea recta. 2 (drawn on
paper) raya. 3 (of text) lnea, rengln m;
(of poetry) verso: new line punto y aparte.
4 (row) fila, hilera. 5 us (queue) cola. 6
(cord) cuerda, cordel m; (fishing) sedal
m; (wire) cable m. 7 (route) va. l o c all
along the line 1 (from the beginning) des
de el principio. 2 (in detail) con todo
detalle. y in line with fig conforme a. y
to stand in line us hacer cola. c o m p
dotted line lnea de puntos. y line
drawing dibujo lineal.
P vt 1 (draw lines on) dibujar rayas en. 2
(mark with wrinkles) arrugar. 3 (form rows
along) bordear.
a to line up vi ponerse en fila; (in
queue) hacer cola.
linen [lInIn] n 1 (material) lino, hilo. 2
(sheets, etc) ropa blanca, lencera. c o m p
bed linen ropa de cama. y table linen
mantelera.
liner [laInr] n (mar) transatlntico.
linesman [laInzmn] n juez mf de l
nea, linier m.
pl linesmen [laInzmn].
221 listener
line-up [laInp] n (of people) alineacin
f, formacin f.
lingerie [lAnZri] n fml lencera.
linguist [lINgwIst] n 1 lingista mf. 2
(fam) polglota mf.
linguistic [lINgwIstIk] adj lingstico,-a.
linguistics [lINgwIstIks] n lingstica.
lining [laInIN] n forro.
link [lINk] n 1 (in chain) eslabn m. 2 (con-
nection) enlace m. 3 fig vnculo, lazo.
P vt 1 unir, conectar. 2 fig vincular,
relacionar.
linkage [lINkIdZ] n conexin f.
lintel [lIntl] n dintel m.
lion [laIn] n len m.
lioness [laIns] n leona.
pl lionesses.
lip [lIp] n 1 labio. 2 (of cup, etc) borde m.
lipid [lIpId] n lpido.
lip-read [lIprid] vt leer en los labios.
P vi leer en los labios.
pt & pp lip-read [lIpred].
lipstick [lIpstIk] n (stick) barra de la
bios, lpiz m de labios; (substance)
pintura de labios. L
liquefaction [lIkwIfQkSn] n licuefac
cin f, licuacin f.
liquefy [lIkwIfaI] vt licuar.
P vi licuarse.
pt & pp liquefied, ger liquefying.
liqueur [lIkjUr, us lIkr] n licor m.
liquid [lIkwId] n 1 lquido.
P adj 1 lquido,-a.
liquidate [lIkwIdeIt] vt liquidar.
liquor [lIkr] n us licor m.
liquorice [lIkrIs, lIkrIS] n regaliz m.
lira [lIr] n lira.
pl liras o lire [lIr].
list [lIst] n lista.
P vt hacer una lista de: he listed the con-
tents of the house hizo una lista de las co
sas que haba en la casa.
listen [lIsn] vi escuchar (to, -): listen to
me! escchame!
a to listen in vi (radio) escuchar (to, -).
a to listen out vi fam estar a la escu
cha, estar en escucha (for, de).
listener [lIsnr] n 1 (in general) oyente
mf. 2 rad radioyente mf.
 listing
listing [lIstIN] n listado.
lit [lIt] pt & pp light.
liter [litr] n us litre.
literacy [lItrsI] n 1 (ability to read) alfa
betizacin f. 2 (knowledge) conoci
mientos mpl, nociones fpl.
literal [lItrl] adj literal.
literary [lItrrI] adj literario,-a.
literature [lItrtSr] n 1 literatura. 2
(bibliography) bibliografa.
lithium [lITIm] n litio.
lithograph [lITgrAf] n litografa.
lithosphere [lITsfIr] n litosfera.
Lithuania [lITjUeInI] n Lituania.
Lithuanian [lITjUeInIn] adj lituano,-a.
P n 1 (person) lituano,-a. 2 (language) li
tuano.
litre [litr] n litro.
litter [lItr] n 1 (rubbish) basura, des
perdicios mpl; (paper) papeles mpl. 2
(of kittens, etc) camada. c o m p litter bin
gb papelera.
little [lItl] adj 1 (small) pequeo,-a: a
little cup una tacita. 2 (not much) poco,-a:
a little milk un poco de leche. c o m p little
finger dedo meique.
comp less, superl least.
P pron poco: more tea? -just a little, please
quieres ms t? -un poco, por favor.
P adv poco: Im a little (bit) tired estoy un
poco cansada. l o c little by little poco a
poco.
liturgy [lItdZI] n liturgia.
pl liturgies.
live1
[lIv] vi vivir: he lives in the country
vive en el campo.
P vt vivir: the old woman had lived a life of
luxury la vieja haba llevado una vida lle
na de lujos. l o c to live it up fam pasr
selo bomba.
a to live down vt sep lograr que se ol
vide.
a to live in vi (student) estar interna
do,-a; (servant) vivir con la familia.
a to live off vt insep vivir de.
a to live on vi sobrevivir; (memory) se
guir vivo,-a.
a to live through vt insep sobrevivir.
222
live2 [laIv] adj 1 (not dead) vivo,-a: its a
real live snake es una serpiente de verdad.
2 (still burning) vivo,-a, candente; (issue)
candente. 3 (broadcast) en directo: a
live concert un concierto en directo.
P adv en directo, en vivo.
livelihood [laIvlIhUd] n sustento.
lively [laIvlI] adj 1 vivo,-a, animado,-a;
(interest) entusiasmado,-a. 2 (colour)
vivo,-a.
comp livelier, superl liveliest.
liven [laIvn] vt to liven up animar.
P vi liven up animarse.
liver [lIvr] n anat hgado.
lives [laIvz] pl life.
livestock [laIvstk] n ganado. loc
livestock farming ganadera.
living [lIvIN] adj vivo,-a: every living
creature todo bicho viviente.
P n vida: what do you do for a living? c
mo te ganas la vida? c o m p living room
saln m, sala de estar. y living thing
ser m vivo.
lizard [lIzd] n lagarto; (small) lagartija.
ll [l] v aux will, shall.
llama [lAm] n zool llama.
load [lUd] n 1 (in general) carga: a lorry
shed its load on the motorway yesterday
ayer un camin perdi su carga en la au
topista. 2 (weight) peso. l o c a load of
/ loads of fam montones de, un
montn de
P vt cargar (with, de): they loaded up the
van with furniture cargaron la furgoneta
de muebles.
P vi cargar.
a to load down vt sep cargar ( with,
de); (with worries, etc) agobiar ( with,
de/ por).
loaf [lUf] n pan m ; (French) barra;
(sliced) pan m de molde.
pl loaves [lUvz].
loan [lUn] n (of money) prstamo, cr
dito. loc on loan prestado,-a.
loathe [lUD] vt odiar, aborrecer.
loaves [lUvz] pl loaf.
lobby [lbI] n 1 (hall) vestbulo. 2 pol
grupo de presin.
pl lobbies.

P vi presionar (for, para) (against, en
contra de).
P vt pol presionar, ejercer presin so
bre.
lobe [lUb] n lbulo.
lobster [lbstr] n bogavante m.
local [lUkl] adj 1 (in general) local. 2
(person) del barrio, de la zona.
P n 1 fam (person) vecino,-a. 2 gb fam
bar m, pub m (del barrio). 3 us (train) tren
m de cercanas; (bus) autobs m.
, Local no significa 'local (estable
cimiento)', que se traduce por premises.
locality [lUkQlItI] n fml localidad f.
pl localities.
locate [lUkeIt] vt 1 fml (find) localizar.
2 fml (situate) situar, ubicar.
location [lUkeISn] n 1 lugar, ubica
cin m. 2 cinem exteriores mpl.
loch [lk] n (in Scotland) lago.
lock1 [lk] n 1 (gen) cerradura; (padlock)
candado. 2 (in canal) esclusa. 3 (in
wrestling) llave f.
P vt (with key) cerrar con llave; (with
padlock) cerrar con candado.
P vi 1 (door, etc) cerrarse (con llave).
lock2 [lk] n (of hair) mecha, mechn m.
locker [lkr] n armario, taquilla.
locksmith [lksmIT] n cerrajero.
locomotion [lUkmUSn] n locomo loneliness [lUnlIns] n soledad f.
cin f.
locomotive [lUkmUtIv] n locomo
tora.
P adj locomotor,-ra.
locomotor [lUkmtr] adj locomo long1 [lN] adj largo,-a: a long journey un
tor,-a.
locust [lUkst] n langosta.
. La palabra locust se refiere al insecto;
el marisco se llama lobster.
lodge [ldZ] n 1 (in general) casita; (hunt-
ers) refugio. 2 (porters) portera. 3
(masonic) logia.
P vi 1 (as guest) alojarse, hospedarse. 2
(become fixed) quedarse atrapado,-a.
P vt (complaint) presentar.
lodger [ldZr] n husped,-da.
223 long-distance
lodging [ldZIN] n alojamiento. comp
lodging house casa de huspedes.
loft [lft] n desvn m, buhardilla.
P vt sp lanzar al aire.
log [lg] n 1 tronco; (for fire) leo. 2 (on
ship) cuaderno de bitcora; (on plane)
diario de vuelo. 3 math fam (abbr of
logarithm) logaritmo.
P vt 1 registrar, anotar. 2 (cover) reco
rrer.
a to log in vi comput entrar (en el sis
tema).
a to log out vi comput salir (del siste
ma).
pt & pp logged, ger logging.
logarithm [lgrIDm] n logaritmo.
logic [ldZIk] n lgica.
logical [ldZIkl] adj lgico,-a: the logi-
cal thing would be to say yes lo lgico sera
decir que s.
logistics [ldZIstIks] n logstica.
logo [lUgU] n logotipo.
pl logos.
loin [lIn] n culin (of pork) lomo; (of beef)
solomillo. L
lollipop [llIpp] n 1 pirul m, pirule
ta. 2 gb (iced) polo.
lolly [llI] n 1 gb fam pirul m, piruleta.
2 gb fam (iced) polo.
pl lollies.
lonely [lUnlI] adj 1 (person) solo,-a. 2
(place) solitario,-a, aislado,-a.
comp lonelier, superl loneliest.
lonesome [lUnsm] adj us lonely.
largo viaje. c o m p long jump salto de
longitud.
P adv mucho tiempo: it takes a long
time to climb the mountain se tarda mu
cho en escalar la montaa. l o c as long
as (while) mientras. y long ago hace
mucho tiempo.
long2 [lN] phr to long to do sth tener
muchos deseos de hacer algo.
a to long for vt insep (yearn) anhelar;
(nostalgically) aorar.
long-distance [lNdIstns] adj de lar
ga distancia.
 longing
longing [lNIN] n (yearning) ansia, an
helo; (nostalgia) nostalgia.
longitude [lndZItjUd] n longitud f.
long-life [lNlaIf] adj (battery) de larga
duracin; (milk) UHT, uperizado,-a.
long-range [lNreIndZ] adj 1 (distance)
de largo alcance. 2 (plans, forecast) a
largo plazo.
long-term [lNtm] adj a largo pla
zo, de largo plazo.
long-wearing [lNwerIN] adj us dura
dero,-a, resistente.
loo [lU] n gb fam vter m.
pl loos.
look [lUk] vi 1 mirar (at, -). 2 (seem) pa
recer: he looks tired parece cansado. l o c
look out! cuidado!
P vt 1 mirar: I cant look him in the face no
puedo mirarle a la cara. 2 (seem) pare
cer: he doesnt look his age no aparenta la
edad que tiene.
P n 1 (glance) mirada: have a look at this
mira esto. 2 (appearance) aspecto, apa
riencia. 4 (fashion) moda: Im not into
the punk look no me va la moda punk.
P interj mira!
a to look after vt insep (deal with) ocu
parse de, atender a; (take care of) cui
dar (de).
a to look at vt insep 1 (consider) mirar,
considerar. 2 (examine) mirar.
a to look back vi mirar atrs.
a to look for vt insep buscar: what are
you looking for? qu buscas?
a to look forward to vt insep esperar
(con ansia).
a to look on vt insep considerar.
a to look like vt insep parecerse a: he
looks like his father se parece a su padre.
a to look out vi (be careful) ir con cui
dado.
a to look through vt insep (check) revi
sar (bien); (quickly) ojear.
a to look up vi fam (improve) mejorar.
P vt sep 1 (in dictionary, etc) consultar,
buscar.
lookalike [lUklaIk] n fam doble mf,
sosia m.
loom1 [lUm] n telar m.
224
loom2 [lUm] vi vislumbrarse; (causing
fear) amenazar.
a to loom up vi surgir.
loony [lUnI] adj fam chiflado,-a, cha
lado,-a.
comp loonier, superl looniest.
loop [lUp] n (in string, etc) lazo.
P vi formar un lazo. l o c to loop the
loop rizar el rizo.
loose [lUs] adj 1 (in general) suelto,-a. 2
(not tight) flojo,-a; (clothes) holgado,-a.
P vt lit soltar.
loose-fitting [lUsfItIN] adj holga
do,-a, amplio,-a.
loosen [lUsn] vt (gen) soltar, aflojar;
(belt) desabrochar.
P vi 1 soltarse, aflojarse.
a to loosen up vi (relax) relajarse.
loot [lUt] n botn m.
lord [ld] n 1 seor m. 2 gb (title) lord
m. 3 (judge) seora mf. l o c good Lord!
ay Dios!, Dios mo! c o m p the Lord
rel el Seor.
lorry [lrI] n gb camin m.
pl lorries.
lose [lUz] vt 1 (in general) perder: dont
lose it no lo pierdas. 2 (clock) atrasar.
P vi 1 (in general) perder: Liverpool lost to
United el Liverpool perdi ante el Uni
ted. 2 (clock) atrasarse. l o c to lose
ones way perderse. y to lose sight of
sth perder algo de vista.
pt & pp lost [lst], ger losing.
loser [lUzr] n perdedor,-ra.
loss [ls] n 1 (in general) prdida. 2 mil
(death) baja.
pl losses.
lost [lst] pt lose.
P adj perdido,-a. l o c to get lost per
derse. c o m p lost property objetos per
didos.
lost-and-found [lst nfaUnd] [ also
lost-and-found department] n us ofici
na de objetos perdidos.
lot [lt] n 1 (large number) cantidad f: he
talks a lot habla mucho. 2 (group) grupo:
the next lot of passengers el prximo gru
po de pasajeros. 3 (fate) suerte f. l o c
thanks a lot! muchsimas gracias!
P n the lot todo,-a, todos,-as.

P phrlots of mucho,-a, muchos,-as,
cantidad de: there were lots of people ha
ba mucha gente.
lotion [lUSn] n locin f.
lottery [ltrI] n lotera.
pl lotteries.
loud [laUd] adj 1 (sound) fuerte. 2 (voice)
alto,-a. 3 (colour) chilln,-ona.
P adv fuerte, alto. l o c out loud en voz
alta.
loudly [laUdlI] adv (speak) alto; (shout)
fuerte; (complain) a voz en grito.
loudness [laUdns] n (of sound) fuerza,
intensidad f; (noisiness) bullicio.
loudspeaker [laUdspikr] n altavoz m.
lounge [laUndZ] n saln m . c o m p
lounge suit fam traje m.
P vi 1 (on sofa, etc) repantigarse. 2 (idle)
holgazanear.
lounger [laUndZr] n (chair) tumbona.
louse [laUs] n 1 piojo. 2 fam canalla mf.
pl lice.
lousy [laUzI] adj 1 fam fatal, malsi
mo,-a: he felt lousy se encontraba fatal.
comp lousier, superl lousiest.
lovable [lvbl] adj adorable.
love [lv] n 1 (in general) amor m; (affec-
tion) cario; (liking) aficin f (for, a).
2 gb fam (person) guapo,-a, chato,-a. 3
(regards) recuerdos mpl: (give my) love to
your parents muchos recuerdos a tus pa
dres. l o c to be in love with estar
enamorado,-a de. y to fall in love ena
morarse. y to make love hacer el
amor (to, a). c o m p love affair aventu
ra amorosa, lo.
P vt 1 amar, querer: do you love him? lo
quieres? 2 (like a lot) encantarle a uno,
gustarle a uno mucho: I love playing
tennis me encanta jugar a tenis.
lovely [lvlI] adj 1 (wonderful) estupen
do,-a, maravilloso,-a. 2 (beautiful)
hermoso,-a, precioso,-a; (charming)
encantador,-ra.
comp lovelier, superl loveliest.
lover [lvr] n amante mf.:
loving [lvIN] adj carioso,-a: your lov-
ing son, Paul tu hijo que te quiere, Paul.
low [lU] adj 1 (in general) bajo,-a; (neck-
line) escotado,-a: low clouds nubes ba
225 luggage
jas. 2 (battery) gastado,-a. 3 (depressed)
deprimido,-a, abatido,-a. 4 mus gra
ve. l o c to keep a low profile ser
discreto,-a. c o m p low tide marea ba
ja. y the Low Countries los Pases Ba
jos.
P adv bajo: were running low on petrol se
nos acaba la gasolina.
P n (low level) punto bajo.
low-calorie [lUkQlrI] adj bajo,-a en
caloras, hipocalrico,-a.
lower [lUr] adj inferior. c o m p lower
case caja baja, minscula.
P vt 1 (in general) bajar; (price) rebajar. 2
(flag) arriar.
lower-class [lUklAs] adj de clase
baja.
lowest [lUIst] adj ms bajo,-a; (price,
speed) mnimo,-a.
P n mnimo: at the lowest como mni
mo.
low-fat [lUfQt] adj de bajo conteni
do graso.
loyal [lIl] adj leal, fiel.
loyalty [lIltI] n lealtad f, fidelidad f. L
pl loyalties.
lozenge [lzIndZ] n 1 pastilla. 2 (geom-
etry) rombo.
LP [elpi] abbr (long player) elep m; (ab-
breviation) LP.
lubricant [lUbrIknt] n lubricante m.
lucerne [lUsn] n gb alfalfa.
luck [lk] n suerte f. l o c bad luck! /
hard luck! / tough luck! mala suerte! y
good luck! / best of luck! suerte! y to
be in luck estar de suerte. y to try
ones luck probar fortuna.
luckily [lkIlI] adv afortunadamente.
lucky [lkI] adj (in general) afortuna
do,-a; (timely) oportuno,-a: how lucky
you were! qu suerte tuviste! c o m p lucky
charm amuleto.
comp luckier, superl luckiest.
lucrative [lUkrtIv] adj lucrativo,-a.
ludo [lUdU] n gb parchs m.
luggage [lgIdZ] n gb equipaje m .
c o m p luggage rack portaequipajes m. y
luggage van furgn m de equipaje.
lukewarm
lukewarm [lUkwm] adj tibio,-a,
templado,-a.
lullaby [llbaI] n cancin f de cuna,
nana.
pl lullabies.
lumbar [lmbr] adj lumbar.
luminous [lUmIns] adj luminoso,-a.
lump [lmp] n 1 (chunk) pedazo, trozo;
(in sauce) grumo. 2 (swelling) bulto,
protuberancia; (in throat) nudo. 3 (of
sugar) terrn m. 4 fam (idiot) burro,-a.
lumpy [lmpI] adj lleno,-a de bultos;
(sauce) grumoso,-a.
comp lumpier, superl lumpiest.
lunar [lUn r ] adj lunar. c o m p lunar
landing alunizaje m . y lunar month
mes m lunar.
lunatic [lUntIk] adj loco,-a.
P n loco,-a, luntico,-a. c o m p lunatic
asylum manicomio. y the lunatic
fringe los fanticos mpl.
lunch [lntS] n comida, almuerzo:
well have lunch at one comeremos a la
una. c o m p business lunch almuerzo de
trabajo. y lunch break hora de comer.
y lunch hour hora de comer.
P vi fml comer, almorzar.
lunchtime [lntStaIm] n hora de co
mer, hora de almorzar.
226
lung [lN] n pulmn m: her little girl has a
good pair of lungs! su hijita tiene buenos
pulmones! c o m p lung cancer cncer m
de pulmn.
lurk [lk] vi 1 (wait) estar al acecho. 2
(hide) esconderse.
lust [lst] n 1 (sexual) lujuria. 2 (greed)
codicia; (strong desire) ansia.
lute [lUt] n lad m.
Luxembourg [lksmbg] n Luxem
burgo.
Luxembourger [lksmbgr] n lu
xemburgus,-esa.
luxuriant [lgzjUrInt] adj 1 (vegeta-
tion) exuberante; (hair) abundante.
luxurious [lgzjUrIs] adj lujoso,-a.
luxury [lkSrI] n lujo.
pl luxuries.
lychee [laItSi] n lichi m.
lying [laIIN] adj (deceitful) mentiroso,-a.
Pn (lies) mentiras fpl.
lymph [lImf] n linfa.
lymphatic [lImfQtIk] adj linftico,-a.
lynch [lIntS] vt linchar.
lynx [lINks] n lince m.
lyre [laIr] n lira.
lyric [lIrIk] adj lrico,-a.
Pn poema m lrico.
Pn pl lyrics (of song) letra f sing.

M, m [em] n (the letter) M, m f.
mac [mQk] n gb fam (mackintosh) imper
meable m.
macaroni [mQkrUnI] n macarrones mpl.
macaw [mk] n guacamayo, ara m.
mace [meIs] n (club, staff) maza.
macerate [mQsreIt] vt macerar.
P vi macerarse.
machine [mSin] n 1 (gen) mquina. 2
(organization, system) organizacin f, apa
rato. c o m p machine gun ametralladora.
P n pl machines (machinery) maquinaria
f sing.
machinery [mSinrI] n 1 (machines)
maquinaria. 2 (workings) mecanismo.
mackerel [mQkrl] n caballa (pez).
mackintosh [mQkIntS] n impermea
ble m.
macro [mQkrU] n comput macro f.
macroeconomics [mQkrUikn - maggot [mQgt] n larva, gusano.
mIks] n macroeconoma.
macroscopic [mQkrskpIk] adj ma
croscpico,-a.
mad [mQd] adj 1 (insane) loco,-a: she's
quite mad est completamente loca. 2
fam (person) loco,-a; (crazy - idea, plan)
disparatado,-a, descabellado,-a. 3
fam (enthusiastic) loco,-a (about, por),
chiflado,-a: he's mad about her est loco
por ella. 4 fam (angry) enfadado,-a,
furioso,-a (at/with, con). l o c to drive
sb mad / send sb mad volver a algn
loco,-a, traer loco,-a a algn. y to get
mad enfadarse. y to go mad volverse
loco,-a, enloquecer.
comp madder, superl maddest.
Madagascan [mQdgQskn] adj mal
gache, perteneciente o relativo a Ma
dagascar.
M
227
Pn(person) malgache mf, natural mf de
Madagascar
Madagascar [mQdgQskr] n Mada
gascar.
madam [mQdm] n fml seora.
made [meId] pt & pp make.
P adj (produced) hecho,-a, fabricado,-a:
made in England hecho,-a en Inglaterra.
l o c to be made from sth estar hecho,
-a de algo. y to be made of sth ser de
algo, estar hecho,-a de algo, estar
compuesto,-a de algo.
madly [mQdlI] adv como un loco.
madness [mQdns] n 1 (insanity) locu
ra, demencia. 2 (foolishness) locura: it is
madness to drive in this weather es una lo
cura conducir con el tiempo que hace.
magazine [mQgzin] n 1 (periodical) re
vista. 2 (on TV, radio) magacn m, maga
zine m. c o m p magazine rack revistero.
magic [mQdZIk] n magia.
P adj mgico,-a. c o m p magic wand va
rita mgica.
magical [mQdZIkl] adj mgico,-a.
magician [mdZISn] n 1 (conjurer) pres
tidigitador,-ra, ilusionista mf. 2 (wiz-
ard) mago,-a.
magistrate [mQdZIstreIt] n jur magis
trado,-a, juez mf.
magma [mQgm] n magma.
magnesite [mQgnesIt] n magnesita.
magnesium [mQgnizIm] n magnesio.
magnet [mQgnt] n imn m.
magnetic [mQgnetIk] adj 1 (force, etc)
magntico,-a. 2 fig (personality, charm)
carismtico,-a.
magnetism [mQgnItIzm] n magne
tismo.
 magnetized
magnetized [mQgnItaIzd] adj magne
tizado,-a. 2 fig (person) magnetizar,
cautivar.
magnification [mQgnIfIkeISn] n 1 (in-
crease) aumento, ampliacin f. 2 (pow-
er of lens, etc) aumento.
magnificent [mQgnIfIsnt] adj (splen-
did) magnfico,-a, esplndido,-a.
magnify [mQgnIfaI] vt 1 (enlarge) au
mentar, ampliar. 2 fig (exaggerate) exa
gerar, agrandar.
pt & pp magnified, ger magnifying.
magnifying glass [mQgnIfaIINglAs]
n lupa.
pl magnifying glasses.
magnitude [mQgnItjUd] n (size) mag
nitud f; (importance) magnitud f, enver
gadura.
magnolia [mQgnUlI] n 1 (tree) mag
nolio, magnolia. 2 (flower) magnolia.
magpie [mQgpaI] n urraca.
mahogany [mhgnI] n (wood, tree)
caoba; (colour) color m caoba.
maid [meId] n (servant) criada, sirvien
ta; (in hotel) camarera.
maiden [meIdn] n (unmarried woman,
girl) doncella.
P adj (first of its kind - speech, voyage) inau
gural.
mail [meIl] n 1 (system) correo: send it by
mail envalo por correo. 2 (letters, etc) co
rreo, cartas mpl, correspondencia.
P vt (send) mandar por correo.
mailbox [meIlbks] n buzn m.
mailman [meIlmQn] n us cartero.
pl mailmen [meIlmQn].
maim [meIm] vt mutilar, lisiar.
main [meIn] adj (most important) princi
pal: be careful when you cross the main road
ten cuidado al cruzar la carretera princi
pal. c o m p main course plato principal,
segundo plato. y main road carretera
principal.
mainframe [meInfreIm] [also main-
frame computer] n unidad f central,
ordenador m central.
mainland [meInlnd] n continente o isla
grande en contraposicin a una isla cercana ms
pequea.
228
mainly [meInlI] adv (chiefly) principal
mente, sobre todo; (mostly) en su ma
yora.
maintain [meInteIn] vt 1 (preserve, keep
up - gen) mantener; (- silence, appearanc-
es) guardar. 2 (support financially) man
tener, sostener.
maintenance [meIntnns] n 1 (gen)
mantenimiento. 2 (upkeep of family)
manutencin f.
maize [meIz] n maz m.
majesty [mQdZstI] n majestad f.
pl majesties.
major [meIdZ r] adj 1 (more important,
greater) mayor, principal: tourism is the
major industry el turismo es la industria
principal. 2 (important - gen) importante;
(- issue) de gran envergadura; (- illness)
grave. 3 mus (key, scale) mayor.
P n 1 mil comandante m.
majorette [meIdZret] n majorette f.
majority [mdZrItI] n mayora: the
great majority of students la gran mayora
de los estudiantes. l o c to be in a/the
majority ser mayora.
pl majorities.
P adj mayoritario,-a.
make [meIk] n (brand) marca: what make
is your watch? de qu marca es tu reloj?
P vt 1 (produce - gen) hacer; (construct)
construir; (manufacture) fabricar; (create)
crear; (prepare) preparar: she made some
sandwiches hizo unos bocadillos, prepar
unos bocadillos; stop making all that
noise! dejad de hacer tanto ruido! 2 (car-
ry out, perform) hacer: I must make a phone
call tengo que hacer una llamada. 3
(cause to be) hacer, poner, volver: the
gift made him happy el regalo lo hizo feliz.
4 (force, compel) hacer, obligar; (cause to
do) hacer: they make me go to bed early me
obligan a acostarme temprano. 5 (be, be-
come) ser, hacer; (cause to be) hacer,
convertir en: she'll make a good singer
ser buena cantante, tiene madera de
cantante.
P vi (to be about to) hacer como, simular:
he made as if to kiss her hizo como si la besa
ra. l o c to make sense tener sentido. y to
make sure (of sth) asegurarse (de algo).

a to make for vt insep 1 (move towards)
dirigirse hacia. 2 (result in, make possible)
contribuir a, crear, conducir a.
a to make out vt sep 1 (write - list, receipt)
hacer; (- cheque) extender, hacer; (- re-
port) redactar. 2 (see) distinguir, divi
sar; (writing) descifrar. 3 (understand)
entender, comprender.
P vt insep fam (pretend, claim) pretender,
hacerse pasar por.
a to make up vt sep 1 (invent) inventar. 2
(put together) hacer; (assemble) montar;
(bed, prescription) preparar; (page) compo
ner; (clothes, curtains) confeccionar, ha
cer. 3 (complete) completar. 4 (constitute)
componer, formar, integrar; (represent)
representar. 5 (cosmetics) maquillar.
P vi 1 maquillarse, pintarse. 2 (become
friends again) hacer las paces, reconci
liarse.
pt & pp made, ger making.
maker [meIkr] n (of product) fabricante
mf; (of film, etc) creador,-ra.
make-up [meIkp] n 1 (cosmetics) ma
quillaje m: she never wears make-up nunca
se maquilla, nunca se pone maquillaje. 2
(composition, combination) composicin f.
3 (of person) carcter m.
malaria [mlerI] n malaria, palu
dismo.
Malawi [mlAwI] n Malawi.
Malawian [mlAwIn] adj malawia
no,-a.
P n malawiano,-a.
Malaysia [mleIzI] n Malaysia, Ma
lasia.
Malaysian [mleIzIn] adj malasio,-a.
P n malasio,-a.
Maldives [mldaIvz] n Maldivas.
Maldivian [mldIvIn] adj maldivo,-a.
P n maldivo,-a.
male [meIl] adj 1 (animal, plant) macho;
(person, child) varn; (sex, hormone, charac-
ter, organ) masculino,-a. 2 (manly) varo
nil, viril.
P n (man, boy) varn m; (animal, plant)
macho.
Mali [mAlI] n Mal.
Malian [mAlIn] adj maliense.
P n maliense mf.
229 manager
mall [mQl, ml] n us (covered) centro
comercial; (street) zona comercial.
malleability [mQlIbIlItI] n 1 (metal) ma
leabilidad f. 2 fig (person) docilidad f.
malleable [mQlIbl] adj 1 (metal) ma
leable. 2 fig (person) dcil.
mallet [mQlt] n mazo.
malnutrition [mQlnjUtrISn] n desnu
tricin f.
malt [mlt] n (grain) malta.
Malta [mlt] n Malta.
Maltese [mltiz] adj malts,-esa.
P n 1 (person) malts,-esa. 2 (language)
malts m.
P n pl the Maltese los malteses mpl.
maltreatment [mQltrItmnt] n malos
tratos mpl.
mammal [mQml] n mamfero.
mammary [mQmrI] adj mamario,-a.
c o m p mammary gland mama.
mammography [mQmgrfI] n ma
mografa.
pl mammographies.
mammoth [mQmT] n zool mamut m.
mammy [mQmI] n fam mam.
pl mammies.
man [mQn] n 1 (adult male) hombre m, M
seor m: an old man un hombre mayor,
un seor mayor, un viejo. 2 (human being,
person) ser m humano, el hombre m:
all men are born equal todos los hombres
nacen iguales. 3 (husband) marido,
hombre m; (boyfriend) novio; (partner)
pareja: man and wife marido y mujer.
pl men.
manage [mQnIdZ] vt 1 (run - business,
company) dirigir; (- property) adminis
trar: she manages a shop es la encargada
de una tienda, lleva una tienda. 2 (handle,
cope with - child, person) llevar, manejar;
(- animal) domar; (- work, luggage, etc)
poder con. 3 (succeed) conseguir, lo
grar: we managed it! lo conseguimos! 4
(have room for, have time for) poder.
P vi 1 poder: can you manage? puedes?
2 (financially) arreglrselas, apaarse.
manager [mQnIdZr] n 1 (of company,
bank) director,-ra, gerente mf. 2 (of
shop, restaurant) encargado,-a; (of depart-
 mandarin
ment) jefe,-a. 3 (of actor, group, etc) repre
sentante mf, manager mf. 4 sp (of foot-
ball team) entrenador m, mster m.
mandarin [mQndrIn] n 1 mandarina.
2 gb pej (government official) mandarn m.
P n Mandarin (language) mandarn m.
mandatory [mQndtrI] adj (compulso-
ry) obligatorio,-a.
mandible [mQndIbl] n mandbula.
mane [meIn] n (of horse) crin f; (of lion)
melena.
maneuver [mnUvr] n & v us ma
noeuvre.
manganese [mQNgniz] n manga
neso.
manger [meIndZr] n pesebre m.
mangle [mQNgl] vt 1 (cut to pieces) des
trozar, despedazar; (crush) aplastar.
mango [mQNgU] n mango.
pl mangoes o mangos.
mangrove [mQNgrUv] n manglar m.
maniac [meInIQk] n 1 fam (wild person)
loco,-a. 2 fam (fan) entusiasta mf ,
fantico,-a.
manifestation [mQnIfesteISn] n fml
manifestacin f.
, Manifestation no significa 'manifes
tacin (de protesta)', que se traduce por
demonstration.
manifesto [mQnIfestU] n manifiesto.
pl manifestos o manifestoes.
manioc [mQnIk] n mandioca, yuca.
manipulate [mnIpjleIt] vt 1 (work -
machine) manejar; (- knob, lever) accio
nar. 2 (control, influence) manipular.
mankind [mQnkaInd] n la humanidad
f, el gnero humano, los hombres mpl.
man-made [mQnmeId] adj 1 (lake, etc)
artificial. 2 (fabric, etc) sinttico,-a.
mannequin [mQnIkIn] n 1 (dummy)
maniqu m. 2 dated (model) modelo f.
manner [mQnr] n 1 (way, method) ma
nera, modo: in this manner de esta ma
nera. 2 (way of behaving) forma de ser,
comportamiento, aire m: she has a
pleasant manner tiene una forma de ser
agradable. l o c in a manner of speaking
por decirlo as, hasta cierto punto.
230
Pn pl manners (social behaviour) mane
ras fpl, modales mpl; (customs) costum
bres fpl. c o m p bad manners falta de
educacin. y good manners buenos
modales mpl.
manoeuvre [mnUvr] n maniobra.
P vt 1 (gen) maniobrar. 2 (person) mani
pular, manejar.
P vi maniobrar.
manometer [mnmItr] n manmetro.
manor [mQnr] n seoro. c o m p manor
house casa solariega.
manpower [mQnpaUr] n mano f de
obra.
mansion [mQnSn] n (gen) casa gran
de; (country) casa solariega.
mantelpiece [mQntlpis] n repisa de
chimenea.
mantis [mQntIs] n mantis f.
pl mantis.
manual [mQnjUl] adj manual.
Pn manual m.
manufacture [mQnjfQktSr] n (gen)
fabricacin f; (of clothing) confeccin f;
(of foodstuffs) elaboracin f.
P vt 1 (gen) fabricar; (clothing) confec
cionar; (foodstuffs) elaborar. 2 fig (ex-
cuse, etc) inventar.
manufactured [mQnjfQktSrd] adj
manufacturado,-da.
manufacturer [mQnjfQktSr r] adj
fabricante mf.
manure [mnjUr] n abono, estircol m.
manuscript [mQnjskrIpt] n 1 (historic
handwritten book) manuscrito. 2 (original
copy of text) original m, texto original.
many [menI] adj mucho,-a, muchos,-
as: many people never go abroad mucha
gente nunca va al extranjero.
comp more, superl most. l o c as many
as tantos,-as como. y how many?
cuntos,-as? y not many pocos,-as, no
muchos,-as. y too many demasiados,-as.
P pron muchos,-as: I don't want many no
quiero muchos.
. Many se usa sobre todo en las frases ne
gativas y en las preguntas; en las frases afir
mativas se usa ms a lot of.

map [mQp] n (of country, region) mapa m;
(of town, bus, tube) plano. c o m p map of
the world mapamundi m.
P vt (area) trazar un mapa de.
pt & pp mapped, ger mapping.
maple [meIpl] n (tree, wood) arce m.
marathon [mQrTn] n maratn m.
P adj fig maratoniano,-a, largusimo,-a.
marble [mAbl] n 1 (stone, statue) mr
mol m. 2 (glass ball) canica.
Pn pl marbles (game) canicas fpl. art
mrmoles mpl.
March [mAtS] n marzo.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta May.
march [mAtS] n 1 mil marcha. 2 (walk)
caminata. 3 (demonstration) manifesta
cin f. 4 mus marcha.
P vi 1 mil marchar, hacer una mar
cha. 2 (walk) caminar, marchar.
P vt hacer marchar.
mare [mer] n yegua.
margarine [mAdZrin] n margarina.
marge [mAdZ] n gb fam margarina.
margin [mAdZIn] n 1 (gen) margen m.
2 (difference, leeway) margen m: there is no
margin for error no hay margen de error.
marginal [mAdZInl] adj 1 (small, minor)
menor, pequeo,-a, mnimo,-a. 2
(artist) marginal.
marihuana [mQrIhwAn] n marihua
na.
marina [mrin] n puerto deportivo.
marinate [mQrIneIt] vt adobar.
marine [mrin] n (life, flora, etc) mari
no,-a, martimo,-a.
P adj (law, stores, etc) martimo,-a.
P n soldado de infantera de marina.
P n pl the Marines gb la infantera de
marina.
marionette [mQrInet] n marioneta,
ttere m.
marital [mQrItl] adj (relations, problems)
matrimonial, marital; (bliss) conyu
gal. c o m p marital status estado civil.
maritime [mQrItaIm] adj martimo,-a.
mark [mAk] n 1 (imprint, trace) huella;
(from blow) seal f ; (stain) mancha:
there's a mark on this blouse esta blusa tie
231 marriage
ne una mancha. 2 (sign, symbol) marca,
seal f: I've put a mark by the things I'm in-
terested in he sealado las cosas que me
interesan. 3 educ nota, calificacin f: he
got a good mark in sciences sac una buena
nota en ciencias. l o c on your marks, get
set, go! preparados, listos, ya!
P vt 1 (gen) marcar. 2 educ (correct) co
rregir; (grade - student) poner nota a;
(- exam, essay, etc) puntuar, calificar.
P vi (stain) mancharse.
a to mark down vt sep 1 (reduce price of) re
bajar el precio de. 2 (reduce marks of) bajar
la nota de. 3 (note in writing) apuntar.
a to mark out vt sep 1 (area) marcar,
delimitar; (boundary) marcar, trazar. 2
(choose) sealar, seleccionar.
market [mAkIt] n 1 (selling fruit, vegeta-
bles, etc) mercado; (selling clothes, etc)
mercadillo; (marketplace) plaza: I always
go to the market on Saturdays siempre voy
a la plaza los sbados. 2 (trade) merca
do: the property market el mercado inmo
biliario. l o c to be on the market estar
en venta. c o m p market day da m de
mercado. y market garden gb huerta. y
market price precio de mercado.
marketing [mAkItIN] n marketing m,
mercadotecnia.
M
marketplace [mAkItpleIs] n merca
do; (square) plaza.
marksman [mAksmn] n tirador m.
pl marksmen [mAksmn].
marmalade [mAmleId] n mermela
da (de ctricos).
. La palabra marmalade slo se refiere
a las mermeladas de ctricos y en especial a
la de naranja. Las dems mermeladas se
llaman jam.
maroon [mrUn] adj granate.
Pn (color m) granate m.
marquee [mAki] n (large tent) carpa.
marriage [mQrIdZ] n 1 (state, institution)
matrimonio. 2 (act, wedding) boda, ca
samiento, enlace m matrimonial. l o c
to take sb in marriage casarse con
algn. c o m p marriage bureau agencia
matrimonial. y marriage certificate
certificado de matrimonio.
 married
married [mQrId] adj 1 (person, status)
casado,-a (to, con): a married couple un
matrimonio. 2 (life, bliss) matrimonial,
conyugal.
marrow [mQrU] n 1 ([also bone mar-
row] anat (of bone) tutano, mdula.
fig (inner meaning) meollo. 2 [also vege-
table marrow] gb calabacn m grande.
marry [mQrI] vt 1 (take in marriage) ca
sarse con. 2 (unite in marriage) casar.
P vi 1 casarse. 2 fig unirse. l o c to get
married casarse (to, con).
pt & pp married, ger marrying.
Mars [mAz] n Marte m.
marsh [mAS] n 1 (bog) pantano. 2 (area)
zona con pantanos, pantanal m.
marshal [mASl] n 1 mil mariscal m. 2
(at sports event, demonstration) oficial mf,
organizador,-ra.
martial [mASl] adj marcial.
Martian [mASn] n marciano,-a.
P adj marciano,-a.
martyr [mAtr] n 1 mrtir mf. 2 fam
vctima (to, de).
martyrdom [mAtdm] n martirio.
marvel [mAvl] n 1 (wonder) maravilla:
it's a marvel no-one was hurt es un milagro
que no hubiera heridos. 2 (person) mara
villa. l o c to do marvels / work marvels
hacer maravillas.
P vi 1 fml maravillarse ( at , con),
asombrarse (at, de).
pt & pp marvelled (us marveled), ger
marvelling (us marveling).
marvellous [mAvls] adj maravillo
so,-a, magnfico,-a, estupendo,-a.
marzipan [mAzIpQn] n mazapn m.
mascara [mQskAr] n rmel m.
, Mascara no significa 'mscara', que
se traduce por mask.
mascot [mQskt] n mascota.
masculine [mAskjlIn] adj masculino,-a.
P n ling masculino.
mash [mQS] n culin fam pur m de pa
tatas.
1 (beat, crush) triturar (up, -), ma
P vt
chacar (up, -). 2 culin (potatoes) hacer
un pur de. c o m p mashed potatoes
pur m de patatas.
232
mask [mAsk] n (gen) mscara; (disguise)
careta, cartula; (around eyes) antifaz m.
c o m p diving mask gafas fpl de bucear.
P vt (gen) enmascarar.
masked [mAskt] adj enmascarado,-a.
c o m p masked ball baile m de disfraces,
baile m de mscaras.
masking tape [mAskINteIp] n cinta
adhesiva.
masochism [mQskIz m] n maso
quismo.
masochist [mQskIst] n masoquista.
P adj masoquista.
mason [meIsn] n (builder) albail m.
mass [mQs] n 1 (large quantity) montn
m, masa; (of people) masa, multitud f,
muchedumbre f: a mass of books un
montn de libros. 2 (majority) mayora.
P vi (crowd) congregarse, reunirse en
gran nmero.
P vt reunir.
P adj masivo,-a, multitudinario,-a,
de masas: there was a mass meeting se
celebr un mitin multitudinario. c o m p
mass media medios mpl de comuni
cacin (de masas).
P n pl masses fam (lots) cantidad f ,
montones mpl, mogolln m.
Mass [mQs] n rel misa.
massage [mQsAZ] n masaje m.
P vt 1 (person, body) dar un masaje a;
(part of body) dar un masaje en.
masseter [mQstr] n masetero.
masseur [mQsr] n masajista m.
masseuse [mQsz] n masajista.
massif [mQsif] n macizo.
massive [mQsIv] adj 1 (huge) enorme,
gigantesco. 2 (solid, weighty) slido,-a,
macizo,-a.
mast [mAst] n 1 mar mstil m, palo. 2
(transmitter) torre f, poste m.
master [mAstr] n 1 (of slave, servant,
dog) amo; (of household) seor m; (owner)
dueo. 2 mar (of ship) capitn m; (of
fishing boat) patrn m. 3 gb (teacher - in-
fant school) maestro, profesor m; (- sec-
ondary) profesor m. c o m p master bed
room dormitorio principal. y master
copy original m.
P n Masters (degree) educ mster m.

P adj (expert, skilled) maestro,-a, exper
to,-a.
P vt (learn - subject, skill) llegar a domi
nar; (- craft) llegar a ser experto,-a en.
mastermind [mAstmaInd] n (person)
cerebro, genio.
masterpiece [mAstpis] n obra
maestra.
mastodon [mQstdn] n mastodonte m.
masturbation [mQstbeISn] n mas
turbacin f.
mat [mQt] n 1 (rug) alfombrilla; (door-
mat) felpudo. 2 (rush mat) estera; (beach
mat) esterilla. 3 sp colchoneta.
match1 [mQtS] n (light) cerilla, fsforo.
match2 [mQtS] n 1 sp (football, hockey, etc)
partido, encuentro. 2 (equal) igual mf:
when it comes to chess, she's no match for
you ella no puede competir contigo al
ajedrez. 3 (marriage) casamiento, ma
trimonio. 4 (clothes, colour, etc) juego,
combinacin f.
pl matches.
P vt 1 (equal) igualar: nobody can match
him nadie lo iguala. 2 (go well with) hacer
juego (con), combinar (con): her shoes
match her dress los zapatos hacen juego
con el vestido. 3 (be like, correspond to) co
rresponder a, ajustarse a.
P vi 1 (go together) hacer juego, combi
nar. 2 (tally) coincidir, concordar. 3
(people) llevarse bien, avenirse.
matchbox [mQtSbks] n caja de ceri
llas.
pl matchboxes.
matching [mQtSIN] adj que hace jue
go, a juego.
mate [meIt] n 1 (school friend, fellow worker,
etc) compaero,-a, colega mf; (friend)
amigo,-a, colega mf, compinche mf. 2
(assistant) ayudante mf, aprendiz,-za. 3
zool pareja; (male) macho; (female) hem
bra.
. Mate entra tambin en la formacin
de palabras como classmate (compaero de
clase), flatmate (persona con la que se com
parte un departamento), roommate (per
sona con la que se comparte una habitacin)
o teammate (compaero de equipo).
233 mauve
material [mtIrIl] n 1 (physical sub-
stance) materia, material m: raw material
materia prima; building materials materia
les de construccin. 2 (cloth) tela, tejido.
P adj 1 (physical) material. 2 (important)
importante.
materialism [mtIrIlIzm] n mate
rialismo.
maternity [mtnItI] n maternidad f.
math [mQT] n fam us matemtica fpl.
mathematical [mQTmQtIk l] adj
matemtico,-a.
mathematician [mQTmtISn] n ma
temtico,-a.
mathematics [mQTmQtIks] n mate
mticas fpl.
maths [mQTs] n fam matemticas fpl.
mating [meItIN] n zool acoplamiento,
apareamiento. c o m p mating call recla
mo. y mating season poca de celo.
matrix [meItrIks] n matriz f.
pl matrixes o matrices [meItrIsiz].
matter [mQtr] n 1 (affair, subject) asun
to, cuestin f: it's a personal matter es un
asunto personal. 2 (trouble, problem) pro
blema m: what's the matter? qu pasa? 3
M
phys (physical substance) materia, sus
tancia. 4 (type of substance, things of a par-
ticular kind) materia. l o c as a matter of
fact en realidad, de hecho. y to be an
other matter ser otra cosa.
P vi (be important) importar ( to, a): it
doesn't matter no importa, es igual, da
igual. l o c no matter no importa: no
matter what pase lo que pase; no matter
what I say diga lo que diga.
matting [mQTIN] n estera.
mattress [mQtrs] n colchn m.
pl mattresses.
mature [mtSUr] adj (gen) maduro,-a.
P vt madurar.
P vi & vtmadurar.
maturity [mtSUrtI] n madurez f.
Mauritania [mrIteInI] n Mauritania.
Mauritanian [ m r I t e I n I n ] adj
mauritano,-a.
P n mauritano,-a.
mausoleum [mslIm] n mausoleo.
mauve [mUv] adj malva.
Pn malva m.
 maverick
maverick [mQv rIk] n inconformista
mf, independiente mf.
P adj inconformista, independiente.
maxilla mQksIl] n maxilar m.
pl maxillae.
maximum [mQksImm] adj mximo,-a.
P n mximo, mximum m. l o c to the
maximum al mximo.
May [meI] n mayo: his birthday is on the
twentieth of May su cumpleaos es el
veinte de mayo; at the beginning/end of
May a principios/finales de mayo; in the
middle of May a mediados de mayo; last
May en mayo del ao pasado; next May
en mayo del ao que viene.
may [meI] aux 1 (possibility, probability) po
der, ser posible: he may come es posible
que venga, puede que venga; you may
laugh, but I think it's serious t bien puedes
rer, pero yo creo que es grave. 2 (permis-
sion) poder: may I help you? en qu puedo
servirle?; may I go? puedo irme? 3 (wish)
ojal: may it be so ojal sea as.
. Cuando may expresa una posibilidad
se puede traducir por quiz, quizs, a lo
mejor, tal vez o puede que; cuando se
usa para pedir o conceder permiso se tra
duce sencillamente por poder. Consulta
tambin might.
maybe [meIbi] adv quiz, quizs, tal
vez: maybe it'll rain tal vez llueva; maybe
you're right quizs tengas razn, a lo me
jor tienes razn.
mayday [meIdeI] n seal f de socorro,
S.O.S. m.
mayonnaise [meIneIz] n mayonesa,
mahonesa.
mayor [mer] n (man) alcalde m; (wom-
an) alcaldesa.
mayoress [meres] n alcaldesa.
maze [meIz] n laberinto.
me1 [mi] n mus mi m.
me2 [mi] pron 1 (as object of verb) me: fol-
low me sgueme; give it to me dmelo; he
looked at me me mir. 2 (after prep) m:
it's for me es para m; are you talking to me?
me lo dices a m? 3 (emphatic) yo: it's me!
soy yo!; it's me, David soy David.
234
meadow [medU] n prado, pradera.
meal1 [mil] n (flour) harina.
meal2 [mil] n (gen) comida: three meals
a day tres comidas al da. l o c to have a
meal 1 (lunch) comer. 2 (supper) cenar.
. Meal se refiere a cualquiera de las tres
comidas principales que se toman a lo lar
go del da.
mealtime [miltaIm] n hora de comer.
mean1 [min] adj 1 (miserly, selfish - person)
mezquino,-a, tacao,-a, agarrado,
-a. 2 (unkind) malo,-a, antiptico,-a;
(petty) m e z q u i n o , - a ; (ashamed)
avergonzado,-a. 3 fam (skilful, great)
excelente, de primera, genial. l o c to
be no mean ser todo,-a un,-a: she's no
mean singer es una cantante genial.
mean2 [min] vt 1 (signify, represent) signi
ficar, querer decir; (to be a sign of, indi-
cate) ser seal de, significar: what does
mug mean? qu significa mug?, qu
quiere decir mug? 2 (have in mind) pen
sar, tener la intencin de: she didn't
mean to do it lo hizo sin querer. 3 (involve,
entail) suponer, implicar; (have as result)
significar: that means we can't go on holi-
day eso significa que no podemos irnos
de vacaciones. l o c to be meant for 1 (be
intended for) ser para. 2 (be destined for)
estar dirigido,-a a, ir dirigido,-a a:
these shoes are meant for light walking es
tos zapatos son para pasear.
pt & pp meant [ment].
mean3 [min] adj (average) medio,-a:
mean temperature temperatura media.
P n 1 (average) promedio. 2 math me
dia. 3 (middle term) trmino medio.
meander [mIQndr] vi 1 (river, etc) ser
pentear. 2 (person) vagar, deambular,
andar sin rumbo fijo. 3 fig (conversa-
tion) divagar.
P n (of river, etc) meandro.
meaning [minIN] n 1 (sense) sentido,
significado. what's the meaning of
draft? qu significa draft?, qu
quiere decir draft? 2 (significance, impor-
tance) sentido; (purpose, intention) inten
cin f: a glance full of meaning una mira
da llena de intencin.

meaningless [minINls] adj 1 (word,
phrase, etc) sin sentido. 2 (futile) sin sen
tido, intil, vano,-a.
means [minz] n (way, method) medio,
manera: there's no means of escape no hay
escapatoria, no hay manera de escapar; a
means of transport un medio de transporte.
P n pl (resources) medios mpl de vida,
recursos mpl. l o c a means to an end
un medio de conseguir un objetivo,
un medio para lograr un fin. y by all
means naturalmente, por supuesto. y
by means of por medio de, median
te. y by no means / not by any means
de ninguna manera, de ningn mo
do. y to live beyond one's means vivir
por encima de sus posibilidades.
pl means.
meant [mQrIhwAn] pp & pt mean.
meantime [mintaIm] adv mientras
tanto, entretanto. l o c in the mean
time mientras tanto.
meanwhile [minwaIl] adv mientras
tanto, entretanto.
measles [mizlz] n med sarampin m.
measurable [meZrbl] adj mensura mechanism [meknIzm] n mecanismo.
ble.
measure [meZr] n 1 (system) medida:
liquid measure medida para lquidos. 2
(indicator) indicador m: it's a measure of
her popularity es un indicador de su po
pularidad. 3 (ruler) regla. 4 (measured
amount, unit) medida. 5 (amount, degree,
extent) grado, cantidad f: some measure
of happiness cierta felicidad. 6 (method,
step, remedy) medida, disposicin f:
safety measures medidas de seguridad.
l o c in large measure en gran parte,
en gran medida. y in some measure
hasta cierto punto, en cierta medi
da. y to take measures tomar medi
das, adoptar medidas.
P vt 1 (area, object, etc) medir. 2 (person)
tomar las medidas de. 3 fig (assess)
evaluar; (consider carefully) sopesar,
pensar bien.
P vi (be) medir: it measures 3 feet by 6 feet
mide 1 metro por 2 metros.
, Measure no significa 'mesura', que se
traduce por moderation.
235 mediocrity
" Tanto los britnicos como los america
nos utilizan un sistema de medidas dife
rente del sistema mtrico decimal, que es
el que empleamos nosotros. En la pginas
centrales de este diccionario encontra
rs las equivalencias entre estos dos siste
mas de medicin.
measurement [meZmnt] n 1 (act)
medicin f. 2 (length, etc) medida.
measuring [meZrIN] n (act) medicin
f. c o m p measuring tape cinta mtrica,
metro.
meat [mit] n carne f: I prefer meat to fish me
gusta ms la carne que el pescado. c o m p
cold meat / cooked meat fiambre m.
meatball [mitbl] n albndiga.
mechanic [mkQnIk] n (person) mec
nico,-a.
mechanical [mkQnIk l] adj mec
nico,-a.
mechanics [mkQnIks] n (science) me
cnica. c o m p the mechanics (working
parts) el mecanismo. (processes) el fun
cionamiento.
medal [medl] n medalla.
M
medallist [medlIst] n medalla mf,
campen,-ona.
media [midI] n pl the media los me
dios mpl de comunicacin.
. Consulta tambin media.
mediaeval [medIivl] adj medieval.
median [midIn] adj math mediano,-a.
P n math (line) mediana; (quantity) valor
m mediano.
mediator [midIeItr] n mediador,-ra.
medical [medIkl] adj (treatment, care, ex-
amination) mdico,-a; (book, student) de
medicina.
P n fam (check-up) chequeo, reconoci
miento mdico, revisin f mdica.
medicinal [mdIsInl] adj medicinal.
medicine [medIsn] n 1 (science) medi
cina. 2 (drugs, etc) medicina, medica
mento.
medieval [medIivl] adj medieval.
mediocrity [midIkrtI] n mediocri
dad f.
 meditation
meditation [medIteIS n] n medita
cin f.
Mediterranean [medItreInIn] adj
mediterrneo,-a.
P n the Mediterranean el Mediterrneo.
medium [midIm] adj (average) me
diano,-a, regular, normal. c o m p me
dium wave onda media.
P n 1 [ pl media] (means) medio. 2 [ pl
media.] (environment) medio (ambien
te). 3 [pl media] (middle position) punto
medio, trmino medio. 4 [pl medi-
ums] (spiritualist) mdium mf.
medium-sized [midImsaIzd] adj
(thing) de tamao mediano.
meet [mit] vt 1 (by chance) encontrar,
encontrarse con: she met an old friend
se encontr con un viejo amigo. 2 (by ar-
rangement) reunirse con, quedar con;
(informally) ver: I'm meeting Rob tomorrow
he quedado con Rob para maana. 3
(meet for first time) conocer: I met him at a
party lo conoc en una fiesta. 4 (collect) ir
a buscar, pasar a buscar; (await arrival
of) esperar; (receive) ir a recibir: he'll
meet me at the station me vendr a buscar
a la estacin.
P vi 1 (by chance) encontrarse: we'll meet
again nos volveremos a encontrar. 2 (by
arrangement) reunirse, verse, quedar,;
(formally) entrevistarse: we arranged to
meet on Saturday quedamos para el sba
do., 3 (get acquainted) conocerse: I think
we've already met creo que ya nos cono
cemos.
pt & pp met [met].
P n 1 sp encuentro.
meeting [mitIN] n 1 (gen - prearranged)
reunin f; (- formal) entrevista; (- date)
cita. 2 (chance encounter) encuentro. 3 (of
club, committee, etc) reunin f; (of assembly)
sesin f; (of shareholders, creditors) junta.
4 pol (rally) mitin m . c o m p meeting
place lugar m de encuentro, lugar m
de reunin.
megabyte [megbaIt] n comput me
gabyte m, megaocteto.
megalith [meglIT] n megalito.
megaphone [megfUn] n megfo
no, altavoz m.
236
megawatt [megwt] n megavatio.
melamine [melmin] n melamina.
melodramatic [meldrmQtIk] adj
melodramtico,-a.
melody [meldI] n meloda.
pl melodies.
melon [meln] n (honeydew, etc) meln
m; (watermelon) sanda.
melt [melt] vt 1 (ice, snow, butter, etc) de
rretir. 2 (metal) fundir (down, -). 3 (sug-
ar, chemical) disolver. 4 fig ablandar.
P vi 1 (ice, snow) derretirse (away, -). 2
(metal) fundirse. 3 (sugar, chemical) di
solverse.
a to melt away vi 1 (money, crowd, per-
son) desaparecer. 2 fig (confidence, etc)
desvanecerse, esfumarse; (anger) di
siparse, desaparecer.
melting [meltIN] n (of metal) fundicin
f; (of snow) derretimiento. c o m p melt
ing point punto de fusin. y melting
pot crisol m.
member [membr] n 1 (gen) miembro
mf; (of club) socio,-a; (of union, party)
afiliado,-a: the youngest member of the
family el miembro ms joven de la fami
lia. 2 pol (of Parliament) diputado,-a; (of
European Parliament) eurodiputado,-a.
3 anat miembro.
P adj (country, state) miembro,-a.
membership [membSIp] n 1 (of club -
state) calidad f de socio,-a, pertenen
cia; (- entry) ingreso. 2 (of political party,
union - state) afiliacin f; (- entry) ingreso.
3 (members - of club) miembros mpl, so
cios mpl; (- of political party) afiliados mpl.
membrane [membreIn] n membrana.
memo [memU] n 1 (official) memorn
dum m. 2 (personal note) nota, apunte
m. c o m p memo pad bloc m de notas.
pl memos.
memorandum [memrQndm] n 1
(official note) memorndum m, memo
rando. 2 (personal note) nota, apunte m.
pl memorandums o memoranda
[memrQnd].
memorial [mmrIl] adj (plaque, etc)
conmemorativo,-a.
P n (monument) monumento conme
morativo; (ceremony) homenaje m.

" El Memorial Day es una fiesta que se
celebra en Estados Unidos el ltimo lunes
de mayo en honor de todos los soldados
muertos en las distintas guerras en las
que ha participado el pas americano.
memorize [memraIz] vt memorizar,
aprender de memoria.
memory [memrI] n 1 (ability, computers)
memoria: she's got a good memory for
names tiene buena memoria para los
nombres. 2 (recollection) recuerdo. l o c
to lose one's memory perder la me
moria. y within living memory que se
recuerde.
pl memories.
men [men] pl man.
menace [mens] n 1 (threat) amenaza
(to, para); (danger) peligro (to, para). 2
fam (nuisance - person) pesado,-a; (-
thing) lata, molestia.
P vt amenazar (with, de).
mend [mend] vt 1 (repair - gen) reparar,
arreglar; (sew) coser; (patch) remen
dar; (darn) zurcir: can you mend my
watch? me puedes arreglar el reloj? 2
(improve) mejorar. l o c to be on the
mend ir mejorando.
P n (patch) remiendo; (darn) zurcido.
meninges [menIdZs] n pl med menin
ges fpl.
meningitis [menIndZaIts] n med me
ningitis f.
meniscus [mInIsks] n menisco.
pl meniscuses o menisci [mInIskaI].
menopause [menUpz] n meno
pausia.
menstrual [menstrUl] adj menstrual.
c o m p menstrual cycle ciclo menstrual.
y menstrual period regla, perodo.
menstruation [menstrUeISn] n mens
truacin f, regla.
menswear [menzwer] n ropa de ca
ballero, ropa de hombres.
mental [mentl] adj mental: mental ef-
fort esfuerzo mental; mental health salud
mental; mental arithmetic clculo mental.
c o m p mental age edad f mental. y
mental handicap disminucin f ps
237 merge
quica. y mental home / mental hospi
tal (hospital m) psiquitrico.
mentality [mentQltI] n mentalidad f.
pl mentalities.
mention [menS n] n mencin f: she
made no mention of your visit no mencio
n tu visita.
P vt mencionar, hacer mencin de,
aludir a: he never mentioned the money
no mencion el dinero. l o c don't men
tion it! de nada!, no hay de qu!
menu [menjU] n 1 carta, men m. 2
comput men m. c o m p menu bar barra
de mens.
pl menus.
meow [mIaU] n maullido, miau m.
P vi maullar.
mercenary [msnrI] adj mercena
rio,-a.
P n mercenario,-a.
pl mercenaries.
merchandise [mtSndaIz] n mercan
cas fpl, gneros mpl.
P vt (sell) vender, poner en venta; (pro-
mote) promocionar.
merchant [mtSnt] n (trader) comer
ciante mf; (dealer, businessperson) nego
ciante mf. c o m p merchant bank banco
M
comercial. y merchant navy marina
mercante.
Mercury1 [mkjrI] n (planet) Mercurio.
mercury2 [mkjrI] n (metal) mercurio.
mercy [msI] n 1 (compassion) miseri
cordia, clemencia, piedad f: have mer-
cy upon me! tenga piedad de m! 2 fam
(good fortune) suerte f, milagro; (blessing)
bendicin f.
l o c to be at the mercy of sb/sth estar a la
merced de algn/algo.
pl mercies.
P adj de ayuda, de socorro. c o m p mer
cy killing eutanasia.
mere [mIr] adj mero,-a, simple, pu
ro,-a.
P adj merest (slightest) el/la ms mni
mo,-a.
merge [mdZ] vt (combine - gen) unir
(with, a), combinar (with, con); (- road)
empalmar (into, con); (- river) desem
 meridional
bocar (into, en); (- firms, businesses) fu
sionar.
meridional [mrIdInl] adj meridional.
meringue [mrQN] n merengue m.
merit [merIt] n mrito.
P vt (deserve) merecer.
mermaid [mmeId] n sirena.
merry [merI] adj 1 (cheerful) alegre;
(amusing) divertido,-a, gracioso,-a. 2
fam (slightly drunk) alegre, achispado,
-a. l o c merry Christmas! felices Na
vidades!
comp merrier, superl merriest.
merry-go-round [merIgUraUnd] n
tiovivo, caballitos mpl.
mess [mes] n 1 (untidy state) desorden
m, revoltijo: your room is a complete mess!
tu habitacin est toda desordenada! 2
(confusion, mix-up) confusin f, lo, fo
lln m; (person, thing) desastre m: what a
mess! vaya lo!
P vt (untidy) desordenar; (dirty) ensu
ciar.
a to mess about / mess around vi 1
(idle) gandulear; (kill time) pasar el
tiempo; (potter about) entretenerse. 2
(act the fool) hacer el primo, tontear.
a to mess up vt sep 1 fam (untidy) des
ordenar; (dirty) ensuciar. 2 (spoil) es
tropear, echar a perder.
message [mesIdZ] n 1 (communication)
recado, mensaje m: could you give her a
message? podras darle un recado? 2 (of
story, film, etc) mensaje m. l o c to get the
message (understand) entender, darse
cuenta.
messenger [mesIndZr] n mensaje
ro,-a. c o m p messenger boy recadero.
Messiah [msaI] n rel Mesas m.
messy [mesI] adj 1 (untidy) desordena
do,-a, en desorden; (- dirty) sucio,-a. 2
(confused) complicado,-a, enreda
do,-a; (awkward) difcil; (unpleasant)
desagradable.
comp messier, superl messiest.
met [met] pp & pt meet.
metabolism [mtQblIzm] n meta
bolismo.
metal [metl] n metal m.
P adj metlico,-a, de metal.
238
metallic [mtQlIk] adj metlico,-a. c o m p
metallic paint pintura metalizada.
metallurgy [mtQldZI] n metalur
gia.
metamorphic [metmfIk] adj meta
mrfico,-a
metamorphosis [metmfsIs] n
metamorfosis f.
pl metamorphoses [metmfsiz].
metaphor [metfr] n metfora.
metaphysics [metfIzIks] n metafsica.
metatarsus [mettAss] n metatarso.
pl metatarsi [mettAsaI].
meteorite [mitIraIt] n meteorito.
meteorological [mitIrldZIkl] adj
meteorolgico,-a.
meteorologist [mitIrldZIst] n me
teorlogo,-a.
meteorology [mitIrldZI] n meteo
rologa.
meter [mitr] n 1 us metre. 2 conta
dor m.
P vt medir.
methacrylate [meTQkrIleIt] n meta
crilato.
methane [miTeIn] n metano.
method [meTd] n 1 (manner, way) m
todo, forma. 2 (system, order) sistema m,
orden m, lgica.
metonymy [metnImI] n metonimia.
metre [mitr] n 1 (measure) metro. 2 (in
poetry) metro. c o m p cubic metre metro
cbico.
metric [metrIk] adj mtrico,-a. c o m p
metric system sistema mtrico. y met
ric ton tonelada mtrica.
metropolis [mtrplIs] n metrpoli
f, metrpolis f.
pl metropolises.
metropolitan [metrplItn] adj me
tropolitano,-a.
mew [mjU] vi maullar.
Pn maullido.
Mexican [meksIkn] adj mejicano,-a.
Pn mejicano,-a.
Mexico [meksIlU] n Mjico.
mi [mi] n mus mi m.
miaow [miaU] n maullido.
P vi maullar.

mica [maIk] n mica.
mice [maIs] pl mouse.
micro [maIkrU] n fam microordena
dor m.
pl micros.
microbe [maIkrUb] n microbio.
microbiology [maIkrUbaIldZI] n
microbiologa.
microchip [maIkUtSIp] n microchip m.
microclimate [maIkrUklaImt] n mi
croclima mf.
microfilm [maIkrUfIlm] n microfilme m.
micron [maIkrn] n micra.
microphone [maIkrfUn] n micrfono.
microprocessor [maIkrUprUsesr] n
microprocesador m.
microscope [maIkrskUp] n micros
copio.
microscopic [maIkrskpIk] adj mi
croscpico,-a.
microwave [maIkrweIv] n microon
da. c o m p microwave oven horno de
microondas, microondas m inv.
P vt cocinar en el microondas.
midday [mIddeI] n medioda m.
P adj de medioda. l o c at midday al
medioda.
middle [mIdl] adj (central) de en me
dio, central; (medium) mediano,-a,
medio,-a: he's the middle son l es el hijo
mediano. l o c in the middle of nowhere
en el quinto pino. c o m p middle age
mediana edad f. y middle class clase f
media. y middle finger dedo corazn.
y the Middle Ages la Edad Media.
P n 1 (centre) medio, centro: there's a
pond in the middle of the garden hay un es
tanque en medio del jardn. 2 (halfway
point of period, activity) mitad f: in the mid-
dle of a storm en medio de una tormenta.
3 fam (waist) cintura.
. El apellido se traduce por surname o
family name y el nombre de pila, por
Christian name o first name. Casi todo el
mundo tiene dos Christian names, aun
que se utilice slo uno. Ese segundo nom
bre de pila es el middle name, que se sue
le escribir slo con la inicial.
239 mild
middle-aged [mId leIdZd] adj de me
diana edad.
middle-class [mIdlklAs] adj de la cla
se media.
middleman [mIdlmn] n intermedia
rio.
pl middlemen [mIdlmen].
middleweight [mIdlweIt] n (boxing)
peso medio.
midnight [mIdnaIt] n medianoche f:
we got home at midnight llegamos a casa a
medianoche.
midwife [mIdwaIf] n comadrona,
partera, matrona.
pl midwives [mIdwaIvz].
might [maIt] aux 1 (possibility) poder: it
might rain podra llover. 2 (in suggestions or
requests) poder: you might try the hard-
ware shop podras probar en la ferretera.
3 (permission) poder: he asked if he might
come in pidi permiso para entrar. l o c I
might have known! deb imaginr
melo!, tpico! y might ( just) as well
ms vale que.
. Como expresa una posibilidad tam
bin se puede traducir por quiz, quizs,
a lo mejor, tal vez o puede que. Consul M
ta tambin may.
mighty [maItI] adj 1 (very strong) muy
fuerte; (powerful) potente. 2 (great, im-
posing) enorme.
comp mightier, superl mightiest.
P adv us fam (very) muy.
migraine [maIgreIn] n jaqueca, mi
graa.
migrant [maIgrnt] adj migratorio,-a.
P n (person) emigrante mf; (bird) ave f
migratoria.
migrate [maIgreIt] vi migrar.
migration [maIgreISn] n migracin f.
migratory [maIgrtrI] adj migrato
rio,-a.
mike [maIk] n fam micro.
mild [maIld] adj 1 (person, character) apaci
ble, afable, dulce. 2 (climate, weather) be
nigno,-a, templado,-a, suave, blan
do,-a; (soap, detergent) suave. 3 (protest,
attempt) ligero,-a; (punishment, fever) leve;
 mile
(illness, attack) ligero,-a, leve; (criticism, re-
buke) suave, leve.
mile [maIl] n milla (1,6 kms).
P n pl miles (much) mucho, muchsi
mo: I'm miles better estoy mucho mejor;
it's miles away est muy lejos.
mileage [maIlIdZ] n 1 auto (miles trav-
elled by a car) kilmetros mpl, kilo
metraje m. 2 fam fig (benefit, advantage,
use) jugo, partido.
mileometer [maIlmIt r ] n auto
cuentakilmetros m.
milestone [maIlstUn] n 1 hito, mo
jn m. 2 fig hito.
militant [mIlItnt] adj pol militante.
P n pol militante mf.
military [mIlItrI] adj militar.
Pn the military los militares, las fuer
zas armadas.
milk [mIlk] n (gen) leche f. c o m p milk
shake batido. y milk tooth diente m de
leche.
P adj (bottle, production) de leche; (product)
lcteo,-a.
milkman [mIlkmn] n lechero, repar
tidor m de la leche.
pl milkmen [mIlkmen].
milky [mIlkI] adj 1 (liquid, jewel) tur
bio,-a. 2 (coffee, tea) con mucha leche;
(substance) lechoso,-a. 3 (colour) pli
do,-a. c o m p Milky Way Va Lctea.
comp milkier, superl milkiest.
mill [mIl] n 1 (machinery) molino. 2 (for
coffee, pepper, etc) molinillo. 3 (factory)
fbrica.
P vt (crush, grind) moler.
millennium [mIlenIm] n milenio,
milenario.
pl millenniums o millennia [mIlenI].
millet [mIlIt] n mijo.
millimetre [mIlImitr] n milmetro.
million [mIljn] n milln m: one million
dollars un milln de dlares.
P n pl millions fam (lots) millones mpl.
millionaire [mIljne r] n millona
rio,-a.
millionth [mIljnT] adj millonsimo,-a.
Pn millonsima parte, millonsimo.
millipede [mIlIpid] n milpis m inv.
240
millstone [mIlstUn] n muela, rueda
de molino.
mime [maIm] n 1 (art) mimo. 2 (perfor-
mance) pantomima, representacin f
de mimo.
P vt (express by mime) expresar hacien
do mmica.
mimic [mImIk] n imitador,-ra.
P vt (copy) imitar, remedar.
pt & pp mimicked, ger mimicking.
mince [mIns] n gb (meat) carne f pica
da. c o m p mince pie pastelito.
P vt (chop, cut) picar.
mind [maInd] n 1 (intellect) mente f. 2
(mentality) mentalidad f . 3 (brain,
thoughts) cabeza, cerebro: her mind was
very confused estaba confusa.
P vt 1 (heed, pay attention to) hacer caso
de; (care about) importar, preocupar: I
mind what people say me importa lo que
dice la gente. 2 (be careful with) tener cui
dado con: mind the step! cuidado con el
escaln! 3 (look after - child) cuidar, cui
dar de; (- house) vigilar; (- shop) aten
der; (- seat, place) guardar. 4 (object to, be
troubled by) tener inconveniente en,
importar: I don't mind staying no tengo
inconveniente en quedarme. 5 (fancy,
quite like) venir bien: I wouldn't mind a
coffee me vendra bien un caf.
P vi 1 (be careful) tener cuidado: mind
(out)! cuidado!, ojo! 2 (object to) impor
tar, molestar: do you mind if I open the
window? le importa que abra la ventana?
l o c never mind 1 (it doesn't matter) no
importa, da igual. 2 (don't worry) no te
preocupes. 3 (let alone) ni hablar de. y
to be out of one's mind estar loco,-a.
y to change one's mind cambiar de
opinin, cambiar de parecer. y to
make up one's mind decidirse. y to sb's
mind en la opinin de algn.
mine1 [maIn] n (gen) mina.
P vt 1 (coal, gold, etc) extraer; (area) explo
tar. 2 mil sembrar minas en, minar.
P vi explotar una mina.
mine2 [maIn] pron (el) mo, (la) ma,
(los) mos, (las) mas, lo mo: hey!
that's mine! ey! eso es mo!; a friend of
mine un/una amigo,-a mo,-a.

miner [maIn ] n minero,-a.
r P n 1 math menos m. 2 (disadvantage)
mineral [mInrl] adj mineral.
P n mineral m . c o m p mineral water
agua mineral. y mineral oil gb petr
leo.
miniature [mInItSr] n miniatura.
P adj (en) miniatura.
minibus [mInIbs] n microbs m.
pl minibuses.
minicab [mInIkQb] n gb taxi m.
minicomputer [mInIkmpjUtr] n mi ahora vuelvo, vuelvo en un momento.
croordenador m.
minimal [mInIml] adj mnimo,-a.
minimum [mInImm] adj mnimo,-a.
P n mnimo: a minimum of 20 people un
mnimo de 20 personas.
mining [maInIN] n minera, explota
cin f de minas: coal mining extraccin
de carbn.
P adj (area, town, industry) minero,-a.
c o m p mining engineer ingeniero,-a de
minas.
miniseries [mInIsIriz] n tv miniserie f.
miniskirt [mInIskt] n minifalda.
minister [mInIstr] n 1 (gen) ministro,
-a (for, de). 2 gb (priest) pastor,-ra.
P vi atender (to, a), cuidar (to, a).
ministry [mInIstrI] n (gen) ministerio.
Pn the ministry
pl ministries. gb (priesthood) el clero.
minor [maInr] adj 1 (unimportant) me
nor; (secondary) secundario,-a. 2 mus
menor.
P n jur menor mf.
minority [maInrItI] n 1 minora. 2 jur
minora de edad.
pl minorities.
P adj minoritario,-a.
mint1 [mInt] n fin (place) casa de la mo
neda.
P vt (coins, words) acuar.
mint2 [mInt] n 1 bot menta. 2 (sweet)
caramelo de menta.
minus [maIns] prep 1 math menos:
four minus three equals one cuatro menos
tres es igual a uno. 2 meteor bajo cero:
minus five degrees cinco grados bajo cero.
P adj negativo,-a. c o m p minus sign sig
no de menos m.
241 misery
desventaja m.
minuscule [mInskjUl] adj minscu
lo.
minute1 [maInjUt] adj (tiny) diminu
to,-a, minsculo,-a.
minute2 [mInIt] n 1 (of time) minuto: it's
a five minute walk es un paseo de cinco
minutos. 2 fam (moment) momento; (in-
stant) instante m: I'll be back in a minute
P n pl minutes (notes) acta f sing, actas
fpl. l o c (at) any minute now en cual
quier momento. y at the last minute
en el ltimo momento, a ltima
hora.
miracle [mIrkl] n (gen) milagro.
mirage [mIrAZ] n espejismo.
mirror [mIrr] n (gen) espejo: stop look-
ing at yourself in the mirror deja de mirarte
en el espejo. c o m p driving mirror espejo
(retrovisor).
P vt reflejar.
misbehave [mI sb IheIv] vi portarse
mal, comportarse mal.
miscarriage [mIskQrIdZ] n med abor
M
to (espontneo).
miscarry [mIskQrI] vi 1 med abortar
(espontneamente), tener un abor
to. 2 (plans, etc) fracasar, frustrarse,
malograrse.
pt & pp miscarried, ger miscarrying.
miscellaneous [mIsIleInIs] adj (mixed,
varied) variado,-a, vario,-a, diver
so,-a, miscelneo,-a.
mischief [mIstSIf] n 1 (naughtiness) tra
vesura, diablura: I know you're up to
some mischief s que ests haciendo algu
na travesura. 2 fml dao, mal m.
miserable [mIzrbl] adj 1 (person - un-
happy) abatido,-a, triste, deprimido,
-a; (- bad-tempered) antiptico,-a. 2
(place, etc) deprimente, triste; (weather)
horrible. 3 (paltry) miserable,
mezquino,-a; (pathetic) lamentable.
misery [mIzrI] n 1 (wretchedness, unhap-
piness) desgracia, desdicha, tristeza.
2 (suffering) sufrimiento, dolor m, su
plicio. 3 (poverty) pobreza, miseria.
pl miseries.
 misfortune
misfortune [mIsftS n] n infortunio,
desgracia, mala fortuna.
miss1 [mIs] n seorita.
. Miss se emplea delante del apellido de
una mujer soltera.
miss2 [mIs] n (catch, hit, etc) fallo; (shot)
tiro errado.
P vt 1 (not to hit, score, etc) fallar: he missed
a penalty fall un penalti. 2 (not catch)
perder: I missed the bus perd el autobs.
3 (not experience) perderse: don't miss this
concert! no te pierdas este concierto! 4
(not see) perderse: she doesn't miss any-
thing no se le escapa nada. 5 (not attend -
meeting, etc) no asistir a; (- class, work)
faltar a. 7 (long for - person) echar de
menos; (- place) aorar: she misses her
family echa de menos a su familia.
P vi 1 (catch, kick, etc) fallar; (shot) errar el
tiro. 2 (engine) fallar. 3 (fail) fallar.
a to miss out vt sep (omit, fail to include)
saltarse, omitir; (overlook, disregard) pa
sar por alto, dejarse.
P vi (lose opportunity) dejar pasar, per
derse.
missile [mIsaIl] n 1 (explosive weapon)
misil m. 2 (object thrown) proyectil m.
missing [mIsIN] adj 1 (object - lost) perdi
do,-a, extraviado,-a. 2 (person - disap-
peared) desaparecido,-a; (- absent) au
sente: she's been missing for a week hace
una semana que desapareci. l o c to be
missing faltar. c o m p missing person
desaparecido,-a.
mission [mISn] n misin f.
missionary [mISnrI] n misionero,-a.
pl missionaries.
misspell [mIsspel] vt escribir mal.
pt & pp misspelled o misspelt [mIs-
spelt], ger misspelling.
misspend [mIsspend] vt malgastar.
pt & pp misspent [mIsspent].
mist [mIst] n 1 (gen) neblina; (sea) bru
ma; (haze) calima. 2 (on window, mirror,
etc) vaho.
mistake [mIsteIk] n (error) equivoca
cin f, error m; (in test) falta; (oversight)
descuido: there must be some mistake
debe haber algn error. l o c by mistake
242
1 (in error) por error. 2 (unintentionally)
sin querer. y to make a mistake equi
vocarse, cometer un error.
P vt 1 (misunderstand) entender mal. 2
(confuse) confundir (for, con).
pt mistook [mIstUk], pp mistaken [mIs-
teIkn].
mistaken [mIsteIkn] pp mistake.
P adj (wrong, incorrect) equivocado,-a,
errneo,-a. l o c to be mistaken equi
vocarse.
mister [mIstr] n seor m.
mistletoe [mIsltU] n murdago.
mistook [mIstUk] pt mistake.
mistreat [mIstrit] vt maltratar, tratar
mal.
mistress [mIstrs] n 1 (owner - gen) due
a, ama, seora; (of dog) ama, duea.
2 (lover) amante f. 3 gb maestra, pro
fesora.
mistrust [mIstrst] n desconfianza,
recelo.
P vt desconfiar de.
misty [mIstI] adj 1 meteor neblino
so,-a: it's misty hay neblina. 2 (window,
glasses, etc) empaado,-a.
comp mistier, superl mistiest.
misunderstand [mIsndstQnd] vt
(gen) entender mal; (misinterpret) ma
linterpretar.
pt & pp misunderstood [mIsndstUd].
misunderstanding [mIsndstQndIN]
n malentendido (about, sobre).
mite [maIt] n (insect) caro, acrido.
miter [maItr] n us mitre.
mitigating [mItIgeItIN] adj mitiga
dor,-ra. c o m p mitigating circumstances
jurcircunstancias fpl atenuantes.
mitre [maItr] n 1 rel mitra. 2 tech in
glete m.
mitten [mItn] n (fingers covered) mano
pla; (fingers exposed) mitn m.
mix [mIks] n 1 (mixture - gen) mezcla. 2
culin preparado.
P vt 1 (combine) mezclar, combinar: mix
the sugar with the butter mezclar el azcar
con la mantequilla. 2 (make, prepare -
plaster, cement) amasar; (- cocktail, salad,
medicine) preparar.

P vi 1 (substances) mezclarse. 2 (clothes,
colours, food) combinar bien, ir bien
juntos,-as. 3 (people - come together)
mezclarse con la gente; (- get on) lle
varse bien (with, con).
a to mix up vt sep 1 (ingredients) mezclar
bien. 2 (confuse) confundir. 3 (mess up,
put in disorder) desordenar, revolver.
mixed [mIkst] adj 1 (of different kinds)
variado,-a: mixed biscuits galletas surti
das. 2 (ambivalent) desigual. 3 (for both
sexes) mixto,-a.
mixer [mIksr] n (for food) batidora.
mixture [mIkstSr] n (gen) mezcla.
mix-up [mIksp] n fam (confusion) lo,
confusin f; (misunderstanding) malen
tendido.
mm [mIlImitr] symb (millimetre) mil
metro; (abbreviation) mm.
moan [mUn] n 1 (groan) gemido, que
jido. 2 (complaint) queja, protesta.
P vi 1 (groan) gemir. 2 (complain) quejar
se (about, de), protestar (about, por).
moaner [mUnr] n quejica m & f.
moat [mUt] n foso.
mobile [mUbaIl] adj (object, troops, etc)
mvil, movible. c o m p mobile home ca
ravana, remolque m. y mobile phone
telfono mvil.
P n (hanging ornament) mvil m.
mock [mk] adj 1 (object) de imitacin.
2 (feeling) fingido,-a, simulado,-a;
(modesty) falso,-a.
P vt (laugh at, make fun of) burlarse de,
mofarse de.
P vi burlarse (at, de).
mockery [mkrI] n 1 (ridicule) burla,
mofa. 2 (farce) farsa; (travesty) parodia.
l o c to make a mockery of sth poner al-
go en ridculo.
modal [mUdl] adj modal. c o m p modal
auxiliary auxiliar m modal. y modal
verb verbo modal.
model [mdl] n modelo.
P adj 1 (miniature) en miniatura, a esca
la; (toy) de juguete. 2 (exemplary) ejem
plar; (ideal) modelo.
P vt (clay, etc) modelar.
pt & pp modelled (us modeled), ger
modelling (us modeling).
243 moment
modem [mUdem] n comput modem m.
moderate [md rt] adj 1 (average)
mediano,-a, regular: moderate size ta
mao mediano. 2 (not extreme) moderado,-
a; (reasonable) razonable. 3 (talent, ability,
performance) mediocre, regular.
P vt moderar.
P vi moderarse.
moderation [mdreISn] n modera
cin f.
modern [mdn] adj 1 (up-to-date) mo
derno,-a. 2 (history, literature, etc) contem
porneo,-a. c o m p modern language len
gua moderna.
modernize [mdnaIz] vt modernizar.
P vi modernizarse.
modest [mdIst] adj 1 (gen) modesto,-a,
humilde. 2 (improvement, increase)
modesto,-a; (- price) mdico,-a.
modesty [mdIstI] n 1 (humility) mo
destia, humildad f. 2 (chastity) pudor
m, recato.
modify [mdIfaI] vt (change) modificar.
pt & pp modified, ger modifying.
module [mdjUl] n mdulo.
moist [mIst] adj (damp) hmedo,-a;
(slightly wet) ligeramente mojado,-a: a
moist sponge cake un bizcocho tierno.
M
moisture [mIstSr] n humedad f.
mold [mUld] n mould.
mole1 [mUl] n (on skin) lunar m.
mole2 [mUl] n 1 zool topo. 2 fam (spy)
topo mf, espa mf.
molecular [mlekjlr] adj molecular.
molecule [mlIkjUl] n molcula.
molest [mlest] vt 1 (attack - person) ata
car, asaltar; (- dog) perseguir, atacar. 2
(sexually) abusar sexualmente.
, To molest no significa 'molestar', que
se traduce por to bother.
mollusc [mlsk] n molusco.
molt [mUlt] n us moult.
mom [mm] n us fam mam f.
moment [mUmnt] n (instant) mo
mento, instante m: just a moment un
momentito; I didn't believe that story for a
moment no me cre ese cuento ni por un
momento. l o c at any moment de un
mommy
momento a otro, en cualquier mo
mento. y at the moment en este
momento. y at the last moment a lti
ma hora. y for the moment de mo
mento, por el momento. y in a mo
ment dentro de un momento.
mommy [mmI] n us fam mam.
pl mommies.
Monaco [mnkU] n Mnaco. monotonous [mntns] adj mon
monarch [mnk] n monarca m.
monarchy [mnkI] n monarqua.
pl monarchies.
monastery [mnstrI] n monasterio.
pl monasteries.
Monday [mndI] n lunes m inv.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta Saturday.
Monegasque [mngQsk] n mone
gasco,-a.
monetary [mnItrI] adj monetario,-a.
money [mnI] n 1 (gen) dinero: how
much money have you got? cunto dinero
tienes? 2 (currency) moneda. l o c to
make money 1 (person) ganar dinero,
hacer dinero. 2 (business) dar dinero. y
to put money on sth apostar por algo.
moneybox [mnIbks] n hucha.
pl moneyboxes.
Mongol [mNgl] n mongol,-la, mo
gol,-la.
Mongolia [mNgUlI] n Mongolia.
Mongolian [mNgUlIn] adj mongol,
-la, mogol,-la.
P n 1 (person) mongol,-la, mogol,-la. 2
(language) mongol m, mogol m.
monitor [mnItr] n 1 (screen) monitor
m . 2 (school pupil) responsable mf ,
encargado,-a.
P vt (check) controlar; (follow) seguir de
cerca; (watch) observar.
monk [mNk] n monje m.
monkey [mNkI] n (gen) mono,-a;
(long-tailed) mico,-a. c o m p monkey nut
cacahuete m. y monkey wrench llave f
inglesa.
monogamy [mngmI] n monoga
mia.
monographic [mngrQfIk] adj mo
nogrfico,-a.
244
monolith [mnlIT] n monolito.
monologue [mnlg] n monlogo.
monopoly [mnplI] n monopolio.
pl monopolies.
monorail [mnUreIl] n monorral m,
monocarril m.
monotheism [mnUTIIz m] n mo
notesmo.
tono,-a.
monotony [mntnI] n monotona.
monoxide [mnksaId] n monxido.
monsoon [mnsUn] n 1 (wind) mon
zn m. 2 (rainy season) estacin f llu
viosa. c o m p monsoon rains lluvias fpl
monznicas.
monster [mnstr] n (gen) monstruo.
P adj fam (huge) enorme, gigantesco,-a.
Montenegrin [mntInigrIn] adj mon
tenegrino,-a.
P n montenegrino,-a.
Montenegro [mntInigrU] n Mon
tenegro.
month [mnT] n mes m: I'm going on hol-
iday at the end of the month me voy de va
caciones a final de mes.
monthly [mnTlI] adj mensual.
P adv mensualmente, cada mes.
P n (magazine) revista mensual.
monument [mnjmnt] n monu
mento (to, a).
monumental [mnjmentl] adj 1 (gen)
monumental. 2 fam (lie, blunder, etc) ga
rrafal, monumental.
moo [mU] n (of cow) mugido.
P vi mugir.
a to mooch about / mooch around vi
dar vueltas, deambular.
pt & pp mooed, ger mooing.
mood1 [mUd] n ling modo.
mood2 [mUd] n 1 (humour) humor m:
her moods change very quickly cambia de
humor de repente. l o c to be in a good/
bad mood estar de buen/mal humor.
moon [mUn] n luna: full moon luna lle
na. l o c to be over the moon estar en el
sptimo cielo.
moonlight [mUnlaIt] n claro de luna,
luz f de luna.

Moor [mU ] n moro,-a.
r l o c good morning! buenos das! y in
moor1 [mUr] n (heath) brezal m.
moor2 [mU r] vt (with rope) amarrar;
(with anchor) anclar.
P vi (with anchor) anclar; (with rope) echar
amarras.
mooring [mUrIN] n (place) amarra
dero.
P n pl moorings (ropes, etc) amarras fpl.
Moorish [mUrIS] adj moro,-a.
moorland [mUrlnd] n pramo.
moose [mUs] n alce m.
mop [mp] n 1 (for floor) fregona. 2 fam
(of hair) mata de pelo.
P vt 1 (floor) fregar, limpiar. 2 (brow,
tears) enjugarse (with, con), secarse.
a to mope about / mope around vi an
dar abatido,-a, andar deprimido,-a.
pt & pp mopped, ger mopping.
moped [mUped] n ciclomotor m.
moral [mrl] adj moral.
P n (of story) moraleja.
P n pl morals moral f sing, moralidad f sing.
, Moral no significa 'moral (estado de
nimo)', que se traduce por morale.
morale [mrAl] n moral f, estado de
nimo.
morality [mrQlItI] n moralidad f ,
moral f.
morally [mrlI] adv moralmente.
more [mr] adj ms: more than half an
hour ms de media hora.
P pron ms: we need some more necesita
mos ms. l o c the more , the more
cuanto ms , ms y what is more
adems, lo que es ms.
P adv ms: it's more expensive es ms ca
ro. l o c more and more cada vez ms.
y more or less 1 (approximately) ms o
menos. 2 (almost) casi.
. Consulta tambin many y much.
moreover [mrUv r] adv fml ade
ms, por otra parte.
morgue [mg] n depsito de cadveres.
morning [mnIN] n (gen) maana;
(early) madrugada: at eight o'clock in the
morning a las ocho de la maana; the fol-
lowing morning a la maana siguiente.
245 most
the morning (tomorrow before noon) ma
ana por la maana.
P adv mornings por la maana, por
las maanas.
Moroccan [mrk n] adj marroqu,
-ina.
P n marroqu,-ina.
Morocco [mrkU] n Marruecos.
morose [mrUs] adj malhumorado,
-a, hosco,-a, taciturno,-a.
, Morose no significa 'moroso', que se
traduce por defaulting.
morpheme [mfim] n ling morfema m.
morphine [mfin] n morfina.
morphological [mfldZIk l] adj
morfolgico,-a.
morphology [mfldZI] n (gen) mor
fologa.
Morse [ms] n Morse m. c o m p Morse
code alfabeto Morse.
mortal [mtl] adj (gen) mortal.
P n mortal mf.
mortality [mtQltI] n mortalidad f.
mortgage [mgIdZ] n hipoteca.
P adj hipotecario,-a.
P vt hipotecar.
M
mosaic [mzeIIk] adj mosaico.
Moslem [mzlm] adj musulmn,-ana.
P n musulmn,-ana.
mosque [msk] n mezquita.
mosquito [mskitU] n mosquito.
c o m p mosquito bite picadura de mos
quito. y mosquito net mosquitero,
mosquitera.
pl mosquitoes o mosquitos.
moss [ms] n bot musgo.
most [mUst] adj 1 (greatest in quantity)
ms: Simon's got the most points Simon
tiene ms puntos. 2 (majority) la mayora
de, la mayor parte de: most people live in
flats la mayora de la gente vive en depar
tamentos.
P adv ms: the most difficult question la
pregunta ms difcil.
P pron 1 (greatest part) la mayor parte: it
rained most of the time llovi durante la
mayor parte del tiempo. 2 (greatest number
mostly
or amount) lo mximo. 3 (the majority of
people) la mayora.
P adv 1 (superlative) ms: the most beauti-
ful girl la chica ms guapa. 3 (very) muy,
de lo ms: it was most kind of you ha sido
muy amable de su parte; a most delightful
evening una tarde muy agradable. 3 us
(almost) casi. l o c for the most part por
lo general. y most of all sobre todo.
. Consulta tambin many y much.
mostly [mUstlI] adv 1 (mainly) princi
palmente, en su mayor parte. 2 (gen-
erally) generalmente; (usually) normal
mente.
moth [mT] n mariposa nocturna.
c o m p clothes moth polilla.
mother [mD r] n madre f: a single
mother una madre soltera.
P vt 1 (care for) cuidar como una ma
dre; (rear) criar. 2 (spoil) mimar. c o m p
Mother Nature la Madre f Naturale
za. y mother ship buque m nodriza. y
mother tongue lengua materna.
mother-in-law [mDrInl] n suegra.
pl mothers-in-law.
mother-of-pearl [mDrvpl] n ma
dreperla, ncar m.
motif [mUtif] n 1 (pattern, design) moti
vo. 2 (in music, literature - theme) tema m.
motion [mUSn] n 1 (movement) movi
miento. 2 (gesture) gesto, ademn m. 3
pol (proposal) mocin f. l o c in motion
en movimiento. y in slow motion cinem
a cmara lenta. c o m p motion picture
pelcula. y motion pictures el cine m.
motivate [mUtIveIt] vt motivar.
motive [mUtIv] n 1 (reason) motivo. 2
jur mvil m.
P adj motor,-ra, motriz. c o m p motive
force / motive power fuerza motriz.
motocross [mUtkrs] n sp moto
cross m.
motor [mUtr] n 1 (engine) motor m. 2
gb fam (car) coche m, automvil m. c o m p
motor racing carreras fpl de coches. y
motor vehicle vehculo a motor.
P adj 1 tech motor,-ra. 2 biol motor,-ra,
motriz.
246
motorbike [mUtbaIk] n fam moto
cicleta, moto f.
motorboat [mUtbUt] n lancha mo
tora, motora.
motorcycle [mUtsaIkl] n motoci
cleta, moto f.
motorcycling [mUtsaIklIN] n moto
ciclismo.
motorcyclist [mUtsaIklIst] n moto
ciclista mf, motorista mf.
motorist [mUtrIst] n automovilista
mf, conductor,-ra (de coche).
motorway [mUtweI] n gb autopista.
motto [mtU] n lema m.
pl mottos o mottoes.
mould1 [mUld] n (growth) moho.
mould2 [mUld] n 1 (cast) molde m. 2 fig
(type) carcter m, temple m.
P vt 1 (figure) moldear; (clay) modelar.
moult [mUlt] vi zool mudar.
P n zool muda.
mound [maUnd] n 1 (small hill) mont
culo. 2 (pile, heap) montn m.
mount1 [maUnt] n (mountain) monte m.
mount2 [maUnt] n 1 (horse, etc) montu
ra. 2 (for machine, gun, trophy) soporte m,
base f; (for photo, picture) fondo; (for jewel)
engaste m, engarce m; (for slide) mar
quito.
P vt 1 montar. (stairs) subir.
P vi 1 (go up) subir, ascender.
a to mount up vi (accumulate) amonto
narse, acumularse.
mountain [maUntn] n 1 geog monta
a. 2 fig (large amount) montaa, mon
tn m. c o m p mountain bike bicicleta de
montaa. y mountain range cordille
ra, sierra.
P adj de montaa.
mountaineer [maUntnIr] n monta
ero,-a, alpinista mf, am andinista mf.
mountaineering [maUntnIrIN] n
montaismo, alpinismo, am andi
nismo.
mountainous [maUntns] adj 1 (re-
gion) montaoso,-a. 2 (huge) enorme,
gigantesco,-a.
mourn [mn] vt (person) llorar la muer
te de; (thing) llorar, aorar.

mourning [mnIN] n luto, duelo. loc
to be in mourning for sb estar de luto
por algn.
mouse [maUs] n (gen) ratn m.
pl mice.
mousse [mUs] n culin mousse f.
moustache [mstAS] n bigote m.
mouth [(n) maUT; (vb) maUD] n 1 anat
boca. 2 (of river) desembocadura; (of
bottle) boca; (of tunnel, cave) boca, entra
da. 3 (person to feed) boca. l o c to keep
one's mouth shut mantener la boca
cerrada, no decir nada. c o m p mouth
organ armnica.
mouthful [maUTfUl] n 1 (of food) boca
do; (of drink) trago; (of air) bocanada. 2
fam (long word, phrase) trabalenguas m.
mouth-to-mouth [maUTtmaUT] [al
so mouth-to-mouth resuscitation ] n
boca a boca m.
movable [mUvbl] adj movible, m
vil.
move [mUv] n 1 (act of moving, movement)
movimiento: he watched my every move
observ todos mis movimientos. 2 (to
new home) mudanza; (to new job) trasla
do. 3 (in game) jugada; (turn) turno:
whose move is it? a quin le toca jugar? 4
(action, step) paso, accin f, medida;
(decision) decisin f; (attempt) intento.
P vt 1 (gen) mover; (furniture, etc) cam
biar de sitio, trasladar; (transfer) tras
ladar; (out of the way) apartar: you've
moved the furniture! habis cambiado los
muebles de sitio! 2 (affect emotionally)
conmover. 3 (in games) mover, jugar.
P vi 1 (gen) moverse; (change - position)
trasladarse, desplazarse; (- house)
mudarse; (- post, department) trasladar
se: she was so scared she couldn't move te
na tanto miedo que no poda moverse.
a to move away vi 1 (move aside, etc)
alejarse, apartarse. 2 (change house)
mudarse de casa.
a to move in vi 1 (into new home) insta
larse. 2 (prepare to take control, attack, etc)
acercarse.
a to move over vt sep (step aside) apar
tarse.
P vi (make room) correrse, moverse.
247 much
movement [mUvmnt] n 1 (act, motion)
movimiento; (gesture) gesto, ademn
m. 2 (of goods) traslado; (of troops) des
plazamiento; (of population) movi
miento. 3 (political, literary) movimien
to. 4 (trend) tendencia, corriente f.
P n pl movements (activities) movimien
tos mpl, actividades fpl.
movie [mUvI] n us pelcula.
P n pl the movies el cine m sing. l o c to
go to the movies ir al cine.
moving [mUvIN] adj 1 (that moves) m
vil; (in motion) en movimiento, en
marcha. 2 (causing motion) motor,-ra,
motriz. 3 (causing action, motivating)
instigador,-ra, promotor,-ra. 4 (emo-
tional) conmovedor,-ra.
mow [mU] vt (lawn) cortar, segar; (corn,
wheat) segar.
pt mowed, pp mowed o mown [mUn].
mower [mUr] n (for lawn) cortacs
ped m & f; (for fields) segadora.
mown [mUn] pp mow.
Mozambique [mUzQmbik] n Mo
zambique.
Mozambiquean [mUzQmbikn] adj
M
mozambiqueo,-a.
P n mozambiqueo,-a.
MP [empi] abbr (member of Parlia-
ment) diputado,-a.
mph [empieItS] abbr (miles per hour)
millas por hora.
Mr abbr (Mister) seor; (abbreviation) sr.
Mrs abbr seora; (abbreviation) sra.
Ms abbr (Miss) seorita; (abbreviation)
srta.
much [mtS] adj mucho,-a: we haven't got
much bread no tenemos mucho pan; he
didn't have much time no tena mucho
tiempo; we've made too much jam hemos
hecho demasiada mermelada; why is there
so much traffic? por qu hay tanto trfico?;
take as much time as you need tmate tanto
tiempo como necesites; how much money
have you got? cunto dinero tienes?
comp more, superl most.
P pron mucho: there's not much to do
round here no hay mucho que hacer por
aqu; how much is it? cunto vale? l o c a
bit much un poco demasiado, un po
 mucus
co excesivo,-a. y as much 1 (equal)
equivalente a. 2 (the same) lo mismo.
P adv mucho: he felt much better se en
contraba mucho mejor.
. Much se emplea sobre todo en las fra
ses negativas e interrogativas, en las
frases afirmativas se emplea a lot.
mucus [mjUks] n mucosidad f.
mud [md] n (gen) barro, lodo; (thick)
fango.
muddle [mdl] n 1 (mess) desorden m:
everything's in a muddle todo est en des
orden. 2 (confusion, mix-up) confusin f,
embrollo, lo.
P vt [also to muddle up] (untidy) revol
ver, desordenar; (confuse mentally) liar,
confundir, embarullar; (confuse, mix
up) confundir.
a to muddle through vi arreglrselas.
muddy [mdI] adj 1 (gen) fangoso,-a,
barroso,-a, lodoso,-a. 2 (colour)
sucio,-a. 3 (thinking, idea, etc) confuso,-
a, turbio,-a.
comp muddier, superl muddiest.
mudguard [mdgAd] n guardabarros
m inv.
muesli [mjUzlI] n muesli m.
muffin [mfIn] n 1 gb panecillo redondo que
se come tostado y con mantequilla. 2 us tipo de
magdalena.
mug [mg] n (large cup) taza alta, ta
zn m.
mugger [mgr] n atracador,-ra, asal
tante mf.
mugging [mgIN] n atraco, asalto.
mule [mjUl] n zool mulo,-a.
mullet [mlIT] c o m p grey mullet mjol
m. y red mullet salmonete m.
multicultural [mltIkltSrl] adj mul
ticultural.
multilateral [mltIlQtrl] adj multila
teral.
multinational [mltInQSnl] adj mul
tinacional.
P n multinacional f.
multiple [mltIpl] adj mltiple.
P n math mltiplo.
248
multiple-choice [mltIpltSIs] adj ti
po test.
multiplex [mltIpleks] adj 1 (cinema)
multicines mpl. 2 tech mltiple.
multiplication [mltIplIkeISn] n mul
tiplicacin f. c o m p multiplication sign
signo de multiplicar. y multiplication
table tabla de multiplicar.
multiply [mltIplaI] vt math multipli
car (by, por).
pt & pp multiplied, ger multiplying.
P vi multiplicarse.
multipurpose [mltIpps] adj mul
tiuso inv.
mum [mm] n gb fam mam f.
mumble [mmbl] vt (gen) decir entre
dientes, mascullar; (prayer) musitar.
P vi hablar entre dientes, farfullar.
mummify [mmIfaI] vt momificar.
pt & pp mummified, ger mummifying.
mummy1 [mmI] n (dead body) momia.
pl mummies.
mummy2 [mmI] n gb fam (mother) ma
m f.
pl mummies.
mumps [mmps] n med paperas fpl.
mundane [mndeIn] adj 1 (worldly)
mundano,-a. 2 pej (banal) rutina
rio,-a, banal.
municipal [mjUnIsIpl] adj municipal.
municipality [mjUnIsIpQlItI] n muni
cipio.
pl municipalities.
mural [mjUrl] n pintura mural, mu
ral m.
murder [mdr] n 1 asesinato, homi
cidio. 2 fam fig (difficult experience) pesa
dilla. c o m p murder story novela negra,
novela policaca.
P vt 1 (kill) asesinar, matar. 2 fam fig
(be angry with) matar.
murderer [mdrr] n asesino, homi
cida mf.
murmur [mmr] n 1 (of voice) murmu
llo, susurro. 2 (of traffic) rumor m; (of
insects) zumbido; (of wind) murmullo;
(of water) susurro. 3 med soplo.
P vt murmurar: they murmured their ap-
proval hubo un murmullo de aprobacin.

P vi 1 murmurar, susurrar. 2 (complain)
quejarse (against/at, de).
, To murmur no significa 'murmurar
(hablar mal)', que se traduce por to gossip.
muscle [ms l] n 1 anat msculo. 2
(muscle power) fuerza. 3 fig (strength, pow-
er) poder m, fuerza. l o c to not move a
muscle no inmutarse.
a to muscle in vi (situation) entrometer
se (on, en); (place) introducirse por la
fuerza.
muscular [mskjlr] adj 1 (pain, tissue)
muscular. 2 (person) musculoso,-a.
musculature [mskjltSr] n 1 mus
culatura. 2 (person) musculoso,-a.
muse1 [mjUz] vi meditar (on/over, -),
reflexionar (on/over, sobre).
muse2 [mjUz] n musa.
P n pl the Muses las Musas fpl.
museum [mjUzIm] n museo.
mushroom [mSrUm] n 1 bot seta,
hongo. 2 culin (button mushroom) cham
pin m; (wild) seta. c o m p mushroom
cloud hongo nuclear.
. La palabra mushroom se usa para de
signar cualquier seta u hongo comestible;
las setas no comestibles se llaman toad-
stools.
music [mjUzIk] n msica. c o m p music
box caja de msica. y music centre
equipo de msica. y music hall teatro
de variedades. y music score partitu
ra. y music stand atril m.
musical [mjUzIkl] adj 1 (gen) musical.
2 (person - gifted) dotado,-a para la m
sica; (- fond of music) aficionado,-a a la
msica, melmano,-a. c o m p musical
box caja de msica. y musical instru
ment instrumento musical.
P n musical m.
musician [mjUzISn] n msico,-a.
musk [msk] n (substance) almizcle m.
musket [mskIt] n mosquete m.
musketeer [msktI r] n mosque mutually [mjUtSUlI] adv mutuamen
tero.
Muslim [mzlIm] adj musulmn,-ana.
P n musulmn,-ana.
249 muzzle
muslin [mzlIn] n muselina.
mussel [msl] n mejilln m.
must1 [mst] aux 1 (necessity, obligation)
deber, tener que: I must leave now ten
go que marcharme ahora; must you play
your music so loud? es necesario poner la
msica tan fuerte? 2 (probability) deber
de: she must be tired debe de estar cansa
da; but someone must have seen her pero
alguien debe de haberla visto. l o c if I
must si no hay ms remedio. y if you
must know, si te empeas en saber
lo,
P n (need) necesidad f: it's an absolute
must for all film buffs es imprescindible
para todos los cinfilos.
mustache [mstAS] n us mous
tache.
mustard [mstd] n (gen) mostaza.
comp mustard gas gas m mostaza.
mutant [mjUtnt] n mutante mf.
P adj mutante.
mutation [mjUteISn] n mutacin f.
mute [mjUt] adj (dumb, silent) mudo,-a.
c o m p deaf mute sordomudo,-a.
P n 1 ling mudo,-a. 2 (dumb person)
mudo,-a. 3 mus sordina.
mutilate [mjUtIleIt] vt mutilar. M
mutilation [mjUtIleIS n] n mutila
cin f.
mutiny [mjUtInI] n motn m, amoti
namiento, sublevacin f, rebelin f.
pl mutinies.
P vi amotinarse.
pt & pp mutinied, ger mutinying.
mutter [mtr] n murmullo, refun
fuo.
P vt (mumble) murmurar, mascullar,
decir entre dientes, refunfuar.
P vi 1 (mumble) murmurar, hablar en
tre dientes. 2 (complain) refunfuar,
rezongar, quejarse.
mutton [mtn] n carne f de oveja.
mutual [mjUtSUl] adj 1 (help, love, etc)
mutuo,-a, recproco,-a. 2 (friend, inter-
est, etc) comn.
te.
muzzle [mzl] n 1 (snout) hocico. 2
(guard) bozal m. 3 (of gun) boca.
 muzzy
P vt 1 (dog) poner un bozal a. 2 fig (per-
son, press, etc) amordazar.
muzzy [mzI] adj 1 (blurred) borroso,-a.
2 (groggy) atontado,-a, espeso,-a.
comp muzzier, superl muzziest.
my [maI] adj mi, mis: my book mi libro;
my records mis discos; one of my friends un
amigo mo.
P interj caramba!, caray!
myopia [maIUpI] n miopa.
myopic [maIpIk] adj miope.
myrtle [mtl] n bot arrayn m, mirto.
myself [maIself] pron 1 (reflexive) me: I
cut myself me cort; I helped myself me
serv. 2 (after preposition) m (mismo,-a):
I kept it for myself lo guard para m; I said
to myself me dije a m mismo. 3 (emphat-
ic) yo mismo,-a: I did it by myself lo hice
yo mismo,-a. l o c all by myself 1 (alone)
250
solo,-a. 2 (without help) yo solo,-a. y to
myself (private) para m solo,-a.
mysterious [mIstIrIs] adj miste
rioso,-a.
mysteriously [mIstIrIslI] adv miste
riosamente.
mystery [mIstrI] n misterio.
pl mysteries.
mystic [mIstIk] adj mstico,-a.
Pn mstico,-a.
mystical [mIstIkl] adj mstico,-a.
myth [mIT] n 1 (ancient story) mito. 2 (fal-
lacy) falacia.
mythical [mITIkl] adj 1 (of a myth) mti
co,-a. 2 (not real, imagined) imaginario,-a,
fantstico,-a.
mythological [mITldZIk l] adj
mitolgico,-a.
mythology [mITldZI] n mitologa.

251
N, n [en] n (the letter) N, n f.
N [nT] abbr (north) norte m; (abbrevia-
tion) N.
naff [nQf] adj fam hortera.
nag [nQg] vt 1 (annoy) molestar, fasti
diar. 2 (complain) dar la tabarra a.
P vi quejarse.
pt & pp nagged, ger nagging.
nail [neIl] n 1 (on finger, toe) ua: to bite/
cut/trim ones nails morderse/cortarse/
arreglarse las uas. 2 (metal) clavo.
P vt 1 clavar, fijar con clavos. 2 fam
pillar, atrapar. c o m p nail clippers cor
taas m. y nail polish esmalte m para
las uas. y nail varnish barniz m para
las uas. y nail varnish remover qui
taesmaltes m.
a to nail down vt sep 1 (thing) clavar,
sujetar con clavos. 2 fig (person) con
seguir que algn se comprometa: I
couldnt nail him down to a price no pude
conseguir que me concretara un precio.
naive [naIiv] adj ingenuo,-a.
naked [neIkId] adj desnudo,-a.
name [neIm] n 1 (first name) nombre m;
(surname) apellido: his names Richard se
llama Richard; whats your name? cmo
te llamas? 2 (fame) fama, reputacin f:
she made her name in the theatre se hizo
famosa en el teatro.
P vt 1 llamar: they named the child Domi-
nic after his uncle al nio le pusieron Do
minic por su to. 2 (appoint) nombrar:
he was named Minister of Transport lo
nombraron Ministro de Transportes.
l o c in the name of en nombre de
c o m p big name pez m gordo. y name
day santo.
namely [neImlI] adv a saber.
Namibia [nmIbI] n Namibia.
N
Namibian [nmIbIn] adj namibio,-a.
P n namibio,-a.
nanny [nQnI] n 1 (carer) niera. 2 gb
fam (grandmother) yaya, abuela.
pl nannies.
nap [nQp] n siesta.
P vi dormir la siesta. l o c to have a nap
/ take a nap echar la siesta.
pt & pp napped, ger napping.
nape [neIp] n nuca, cogote m.
napkin [nQpkIn] n servilleta. c o m p nap
kin ring servilletero.
nappy [nQpI] n gb paal m.
pl nappies.
narcissus [nAsIss] n narciso.
pl narcissi o narcissuses.
narcotic [nAktIk] adj narctico,-a.
n narctico.
P
narrate [nreIt] vt narrar.
narrative [nQrtIv] adj narrativo,-a.
P n 1 narracin f. 2 (genre) narrativa.
narrator [nreItr] n narrador,-ra.
narrow [nQrU] adj 1 estrecho,-a: a
narrow road una carretera estrecha. 2 (re-
stricted) reducido,-a, restringido,-a: a
narrow circle of friends un crculo reducido
de amigos. 3 (by very little) escaso,-a: by
a narrow majority por una escasa mayora.
comp narrower, superl narrowest.
P vt 1 (make narrower) estrechar. 2 (re-
duce) reducir, acortar: Leeds narrowed
Hulls lead to only 1 point el Leeds redujo la
ventaja del Hull a 1 solo punto.
nasal [neIz l] adj 1 nasal. 2 (way of
speaking) gangoso,-a.
nasty [nAstI] adj 1 (unpleasant) desagra
dable, repugnante, horrible: what a
nasty smell! qu olor ms desagradable! 2
(malicious) malintencionado,-a; (unkind)
 nation
antiptico,-a: she was really nasty to eve-
ryone se mostr muy antiptica con to
dos. 3 (dangerous) peligroso,-a: this bend
is really nasty esta curva es muy peligrosa.
4 (tricky) peliagudo,-a: its quite a nasty
little problem es un problemita bastante
peliagudo. 5 (serious) grave: a nasty cold
un resfriado de cuidado.
comp nastier, superl nastiest.
nation [neISn] n 1 (country) nacin f,
pas m. 2 (ethnic group) pueblo, nacin f.
national [nQSnl] adj nacional. c o m p
national anthem himno nacional.
P n sbdito,-a, ciudadano,-a.
nationalism [nQSnlIzm] n naciona
lismo.
nationalist [nQSnlIst] adj naciona
lista.
P n nacionalista mf.
nationality [nQSnQlItI] n nacionali
dad f.
pl nationalities.
native [neItIv] adj 1 (place) natal; (lan-
guage) materno,-a: her native country su
pas natal; his native tongue is Danish su
lengua materna es el dans; we need a na-
tive speaker of English necesitamos un ha
blante de ingls que sea nativo. 2 (plant,
animal) originario,-a: its native to Austral-
ia es originario de Australia; native varieties
of grape variedades autctonas de vid.
P n 1 natural mf, nativo,-a: shes a na-
tive of Orense es natural de Orense. 2
(original inhabitant) indgena mf. c o m p Na
tive American indio,-a americano,-a.
" Se llama Native American a los des
cendientes de las tribus aborgenes que
habitaban Estados Unidos antes de la lle
gada de los europeos. Se trata de una mul
titud de pueblos con lenguas y tradiciones
diferentes que fueron diezmados durante
la colonizacin y, posteriormente, reclui
dos en reservas.
nativity [ntIvItI] n natividad f.
pl nationalities.
NATO [neItU] [also written Nato] abbr
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Organizacin f del Tratado del At
lntico Norte; (abbreviation) OTAN f.
252
natural [nQtSrl] adj natural. 3 (usual)
natural, normal: its only natural to feel
afraid es normal tener miedo. c o m p nat
ural childbirth parto natural. y natural
gas gas m natural. y natural history
historia natural. y natural resources
recursos mpl naturales. y natural sci
ence ciencias fpl naturales. y natural
selection seleccin f natural.
naturally [nQtSrlI] adv 1 (by nature)
por naturaleza. 2 (unaffectedly) con
naturalidad. 3 (not artificially) de ma
nera natural. 4 (of course) naturalmen
te, por supuesto.
nature [neItSr] n 1 (gen) naturaleza. 2
(character) carcter m, forma de ser: its
in her nature to be like that es as por natu
raleza. l o c by nature por naturaleza.
c o m p nature conservation conserva
cin f de la naturaleza. y nature re
serve reserva natural. y nature study
ciencias fpl naturales.
naughty [ntI] adj 1 travieso,-a, ma
lo,-a. 2 (risqu) atrevido,-a.
comp naughtier, superl naughtiest.
Nauru [naUrU, nAUrU] n Nauru.
Nauruan [naUrUn] adj nauruano,-a.
P n nauruano,-a.
nausea [nzI] n 1 (physical) nusea. 2
(disgust) asco, repugnancia.
nauseating [nzIeItIN] adj 1 (physical-
ly) nauseabundo,-a. 2 (disgusting)
asqueroso,-a, repugnante.
nautical [ntIkl] adj nutico,-a. c o m p
nautical mile milla nutica.
Navajo [nQvhU] adj-n Navaho.
naval [neIv l] adj naval. c o m p naval
battle batalla naval. y naval base base
f naval.
navel [neIvl] n ombligo.
navigate [nQvIgeIt] vt 1 (river, sea) na
vegar por. 2 (steer - ship) gobernar;
(- plane) pilotar.
P vi (when sailing, flying) dirigir; (when
driving) guiar: you drive, Ill navigate tu
conduce, yo te guiar.
navigation [nQvIgeISn] n navega
cin f.
navigator [nQvIgeItr] n mar nave
gante mf.

navy [neIvI] n marina de guerra, ar
mada. comp navy blue azul marino.
pl navies.
Nazi [nAtsI] adj nazi.
P n nazi mf.
Nazism [nAtsIzm] n nazismo.
Neanderthal [nIQndtAl] adj de
Neanderthal. c o m p Neanderthal man
hombre m de Neanderthal.
near [nIr] adj 1 cercano,-a: where is the
nearest bank? dnde est el banco ms
cercano?; a near relative un pariente cer
cano. 2 (time) prximo,-a: in the near
future en un futuro prximo.
comp nearer, comp nearest.
P adv cerca: I live quite near (by) vivo bas
tante cerca.
P prep1 cerca de: its near the market es
t cerca del mercado.2 [also near to.] a
punto de: she was near to crying estuvo a
punto de llorar.
P vt acercarse a: we are nearing the day
when nos acercamos al da en que
nearby [(adj) nIbaI; (adv) nIbaI] adj cer tars un lpiz; I need to see you tengo que
cano,-a: a nearby hotel un hotel cercano.
P adv cerca: is there one nearby? hay al
guno cerca?
nearly [nIlI] adv casi. l o c not nearly ni
mucho menos, ni con mucho: theres
not nearly enough time to finish el tiempo
para acabar es del todo insuficiente.
neat [nit] adj 1 (room) ordenado,-a; (gar-
den) bien arreglado,-a. 2 (person)
pulcro,-a; (in habits) ordenado,-a. 3 (writ-
ing) claro,-a. 4 (clever) ingenioso,-a, apa
ado,-a. 5 (drinks) solo,-a. 6 us fants
tico,-a, estupendo,-a, chulo,-a, guay.
neatness [nitns] n esmero.
necessarily [nesserIlI] adv 1 necesa
riamente. 2 (inevitably) inevitable
mente, forzosamente.
necessary [nesIsrI] adj 1 necesario,-a.
2 (inevitable) inevitable, forzoso,-a. l o c
to do the necessary hacer lo necesario.
P n pl necessaries lo necesario, cosas
fpl necesarias.
necessity [nIsesItI] n 1 necesidad f:
its a necessity es indispensable. 2 (item)
requisito indispensable.
pl necessities.
253 neglect
neck [nek] n cuello. l o c to be in sth up
to ones neck estar metido,-a en algo
hasta el cuello. y to break ones neck
desnucarse. y to risk ones neck jugar
se el tipo.
necklace [nekls] n collar m.
neckline [neklaIn] n escote m . loc
with a low neckline muy escotado,-a.
nectarine [nektrIn] n nectarina.
ne [neI] adj de soltera: Mrs Hastings, ne
Lawley la Sra. Hastings, de soltera Lawley.
need [nid] n 1 necesidad f: theres no
need for all of you to come with me no hace
falta que me acompais todos; I have
enough to satisfy my needs tengo suficien
te para satisfacer mis necesidades. 2
(poverty) necesidad f, infortunio: to
help sb in time of need ayudar a algn en
tiempos de necesidad. l o c if need be si
hace falta. y to be in need of necesi
tar. y to have need of necesitar, tener
necesidad de.
P vt necesitar: youll need a pencil necesi
verte.
P aux hacer falta: need we all go? hace
falta que vayamos todos?; need you drive
so fast? tienes que conducir tan depri
sa?; you neednt come in tomorrow no hace
falta que vengas maana; you neednt N
have bought me a present no haca falta
que me compraras ningn regalo.
needle [nidl] n 1 (gen) aguja. 2 gb fam
(friction) pique m. 3 us fam (injection) in
yeccin f. 4 (leaf) hoja: pine needles ho
jas de pino. l o c its like looking for a
needle in a haystack es como buscar
una aguja en un pajar.
P vt fam pinchar.
needless [nidls] adj innecesario,-a.
neednt [nidnt] v need.
negative [negtIv] adj negativo,-a.
P n 1 ling negacin f. 2 (answer) nega
tiva. 3 (photograph) negativo.
neglect [nIglekt] n 1 (of thing) descui
do, desatencin f: the house was in a
state of neglect la casa estaba totalmente
descuidada, la casa se encontraba en un
estado de abandono. 2 (of duty) incum
plimiento.
neglected
P vt 1 (not take care of) tener abandona
do,-a, desatender: Ive been neglecting
my friends recently tengo abandonados a
mis amigos. 2 (fail to attend to) descui
dar: with so much sport youve been ne-
glecting your academic work con tanto de
porte tienes los estudios muy
descuidados. 3 (forget to do) olvidar: she
neglected to lock the safe olvid cerrar la
caja con llave.
neglected [nIglektId] adj descuida
do,-a.
negligence [neglIdZns] n negligencia.
negotiate [nIgUSIeIt] vt negociar.
negotiation [nIgUSIeISn] n negocia
cin f: the agreement is under negotiation
el acuerdo se est negociando.
negotiator [nIgUSIeItr] n negocia
dor,-ra.
neigh [neI] n relincho.
P vi relinchar.
neighbor [neIbr] n us neighbour.
neighbour [neIbr] n 1 vecino,-a. 2
(fellow man) prjimo,-a.
neighbourhood [neIbhUd] n 1 ve
cindad f, barrio. 2 (people) vecinda
rio. c o m p neighbourhood watch grupo
de vigilancia vecinal.
neither [naIDr, niDr] adj ninguno de
los dos, ninguna de las dos: neither
boy knew the answer ninguno de los dos
chicos saba la respuesta.
P pron ninguno de los dos, ninguna
de las dos: neither is here ninguno de los
dos est aqu.
P adv 1 ni: hes neither fat nor thin no es
ni gordo ni delgado. 2 tampoco: I dont
like it and neither does my wife no me gus
ta a m, y a mi mujer tampoco. l o c nei
ther nor ni ni: she neither
smokes nor drinks ni fuma ni bebe.
neolithic [nUlITIk] adj neoltico,-a.
neon [nin] n nen m. c o m p neon light
luz f de nen. y neon sign rtulo con
tubos de nen.
Nepal [npl] n Nepal.
Nepalese [nepliz] adj nepals,-esa,
nepal.
P n 1 (person) nepals,-esa, nepal mf.
2 (language) nepals m, nepal m.
254
Nepali [nplI] adj Nepalese.
nephew [nevjU] n sobrino.
Neptune [neptjUn] n Neptuno.
nerve [nv] n 1 nervio. 2 (daring) valor
m. 3 (cheek) descaro, cara: what a nerve!
qu cara! l o c to be a bundle of nerves
estar hecho,-a un manojo de ner
vios. y to get on sbs nerves crispar los
nervios a algn. y to lose ones nerve
acobardarse. c o m p nerve cell neurona.
y nerve centre centro neurlgico. y
nerve gas gas m nervioso.
nervous [nvs] adj 1 nervioso,-a. 2
(afraid) miedoso,-a; (timid) tmido,-a.
3 (apprehensive) aprensivo,-a. c o m p
nervous breakdown crisis f nerviosa.
y nervous system sistema m nervio
so. y nervous wreck manojo de nervios.
nest [nest] n 1 nido; (hens) nidal m. 2
(wasps) avispero; (animals) madrigue
ra. 3 fig nido, refugio.
P vi anidar, nidificar.
P vt comput anidar.
net1 [net] n red f.
P vt coger con red.
pt & pp netted, ger netting.
net2 [net] adj fin neto,-a: they made a net
profit of 1.5M tuvieron beneficios netos
de un milln y medio de libras. c o m p net
result resultado final. y net weight pe
so neto.
nether [neDr] adj lit inferior, de abajo.
Netherlander [neDlQndr] n neer
lands,-esa.
Netherlands [neDlndZ] n the Neth
erlands los Pases mpl Bajos.
netsurfer [netsfr] n internauta mf.
nettle [netl] n ortiga. l o c to grasp the
nettle tomar el toro por las astas.
c o m p nettle rash urticaria.
network [netwk] n red f.
P vt comput conectar en red.
neuron [njUrn] n neurona.
neuter [njUtr] adj neutro,-a.
P n ling neutro.
neutral [njUtrl] adj (in general) neu
tro,-a: a neutral colour/shampoo un color/
champ neutro. 2 pol neutral: a neutral
country un pas neutral. 3 (impartial) neu

tral, imparcial: a neutral judgment un
juicio imparcial.
P n auto punto muerto: leave the car in
neutral deja el coche en punto muerto.
neutron [njUrn] n neutrn m.
never [nevr] adv nunca, jams: I have
never been there jams he estado all; we
never go there any more ya no vamos all
nunca; never have I heard such rubbish en
mi vida he odo tales tonteras; he never
so much as thanked me ni siquiera me dio
las gracias. l o c never again nunca
ms. y never mind! no importa!
never-ending [nevrendIN] adj inter
minable.
nevertheless [nevDles] adv sin em
bargo.
new [njU] adj 1 nuevo,-a: a new car un
coche nuevo; new bread pan recin hecho.
2 (baby) recin nacido,-a: shes got a new
baby acaba de tener un hijo. l o c whats
new? qu hay de nuevo? c o m p new
moon luna nueva. y New Testament
Nuevo Testamento. y new wave nue
va ola. y New World Nuevo Mundo. y
New Year Ao Nuevo. y New Years Day
da m de Ao Nuevo. y New Years Eve
Nochevieja. y New York Nueva York. y
New Zealand Nueva Zelanda. y New
Zealander neozelands,-esa.
newborn [njUbn] adj recin naci
do,-a.
newcomer [njUkmr] n recin llega
do,-a.
Newfoundland [njUfndlnd] n Te
rranova.
news [njUz] n noticias fpl. l o c bad news
travels fast las malas noticias corren
deprisa. y its news to me fam ahora
me entero. y no news is good news la
falta de noticias son buenas noticias.
y to break the news to sb dar la noticia a
algn. c o m p a piece of news una noticia.
y news agency agencia de noticias. y
news bulletin boletn m de noticias.
y news conference conferencia de
prensa. y news item noticia.
newsagent [njUzeIdZnt] n gense.
vendedor,-ra de peridicos. comp
255 Nicaraguan
newsagents (shop) quiosco, puesto
de peridicos.
newsdealer [njUzdilr] n us vende
dor,-ra de peridicos.
newsflash [njUzflQS] n noticia de l
tima hora.
newsgroup [njUzgrUp] n grupo de
discusin.
newsletter [njUzletr] n hoja infor
mativa, boletn m.
newspaper [njUspeIpr] n diario, pe
ridico.
newsstand [njUzstQnd] n quiosco,
puesto de peridicos.
newt [njUt] n tritn m.
newton [njUtn] n newton m.
next [nekst] adj 1 (following - in order)
prximo,-a, siguiente; (- in time)
prximo,-a, que viene: the next street
on the left la prxima calle a la izquierda;
its on the next page est en la pgina si
guiente; not this stop, the next esta parada
no, la siguiente; next Thursday (Friday, etc)
el prximo jueves (viernes, etc), el jueves
(viernes, etc) que viene; next week/month/
year la semana/el mes/el ao que viene. 2
(room, house, etc) de al lado: they live in the
next house viven en la casa de al lado.
P adv luego, despus, a continua
cin: what did you say next? qu dijiste N
luego?; what do you want to do next? qu
quieres hacer ahora?
P prep next to al lado de: its next to the
cinema est al lado del cine. l o c next to
nothing casi nada. y next door al la
do, la casa de al lado: they live next
door viven (en la casa de) al lado.
next-door [nekstdr] adj de al lado,
de la casa de al lado: my next-door
neighbours los vecinos de al lado.
NGO [endZiU] abbr (Non-Governmen-
tal Organization) Organizacin f no
gubernamental; (abbreviation) ONG f.
nibble [nIbl] n 1 (action) mordisco. 2
(piece) bocadito.
P vi picar.
Nicaragua [nIkrQgjU] n Nicaragua.
Nicaraguan [nIkrQgjUn] adj nicara
P n nicaragense.
 nice
nice [naIs] adj 1 (person) amable, simp
tico: hes such a nice boy! es un chico tan
simptico! 2 (thing) bueno,-a, agradable:
nice day today, isnt it? hace buen da, ver
dad? 3 (food) delicioso,-a, bueno,-a. 4
(pretty) bonito,-a, mono,-a, guapo,-a.
nicely [naIslI] adv 1 (well) bien: she was
very nicely dressed iba muy bien vestida. 2
(properly) bien: behave nicely, dear com
prtate bien, cario. 3 fam (very well)
perfecto, estupendo: Friday would suit
me nicely el viernes me ira perfecto.
nickel [nIkl] n 1 nquel m. 2 us mone
da de cinco centavos.
nickname [nIkneIm] n apodo.
P vt apodar: he was nicknamed Lanky lo
apodaron Lanky.
niece [nis] n sobrina.
Niger [niZer] n Nger.
Nigeria [naIdZIrI] n Nigeria.
Nigerian [naIdZIrIn] adj nigeriano,-a.
P n nigeriano,-a.
night [naIt] n noche f. l o c all night long
toda la noche. y at night de noche. y by
night de noche. y last night anoche. y
late at night a altas horas de la noche. y
night and day noche y da. y to have a
bad night pasar una mala noche. y to
have a good night 1 (sleep well) dormir
bien. 2 (have fun) pasrselo bien. y to
have a late night acostarse tarde. y to
have a night out salir por la noche.
c o m p night shift turno de noche. y night
watchman vigilante m nocturno.
nightdress [naItdres] n camisn m.
pl nightdresses.
nightfall [naItfl] n anochecer m.
nightie [naItI] n camisn m.
nightgown [naItgaUn] n camisn m.
nightingale [naItINgeIl] n ruiseor m.
nightmare [naItmer] n pesadilla.
nighttime [naIttaIm] n noche f.
nil [nIl] n 1 cero, nada: costs have been re-
duced to practically nil los costes se han redu
cido prcticamente a cero. 2 sp cero: Lincoln
beat Grantham two goals to nil Lincoln gan
a Grantham por dos goles a cero.
nine [naIn] adj nueve.
P n nueve m.
. Consulta tambin six.
256
nineteen [naIntin] adj diecinueve.
P n diecinueve m.
. Consulta tambin six.
nineteenth [naIntinT] adj
decimonono,-a.
P adv en decimonono lugar.
P n 1 (in series) decimonono,-a. 2 (frac-
tion) decimonono; (one part) decimo
nona parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
ninetieth [naIntIT] adj nonagsimo,-a.
P adv en nonagsimo lugar.
P n 1 (in series) nonagsimo,-a. 2 (frac-
tion) nonagsimo; (one part) nonagsi
ma parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixtieth.
ninety [naIntI] adj noventa.
P n noventa m.
. Consulta tambin sixty.
ninth [naInT] adj nono,-a, noveno,-a.
P adv en nono lugar, en noveno lugar.
P n 1 (in series) nono,-a, noveno,-a. 2
(fraction) noveno; (one part) novena
parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
nip [nIp] n 1 (pinch) pellizco: she gave
him a nip le peg un pellizco. 2 (bite)
mordisco, mordedura: the dog gave
me a nip on the ankle el perro me peg un
mordisco en el tobillo. 3 (drink) trago: a
nip of whisky un trago de whisky.
P vt 1 (pinch) pellizcar: a crab nipped my
finger un cangrejo me pellizc el dedo. 2
(bite) morder (con poca fuerza): the dog
nipped me el perro me mordi.
pt & pp nipped, ger nipping.
nipple [nIpl] n 1 (female) pezn m. 2
(male) tetilla. 3 (teat) tetilla. 4 tech pe
zn m.
nit [nIt] n 1 liendre f. 2 gb fam imbcil mf.
niter [naItr] n us nitre.
nitre [naItr] n salitre m.
nitrogen [naItrdZn] n nitrgeno.
no [nU] adv no: have you seen it? no! lo
has visto? no!; hes no better than a thief

no es ms que un ladrn. l o c no way!
ni hablar!
P adj ninguno,-a; (before masc sing) nin
gn: I have no time no tengo tiempo; No
smoking Prohibido fumar; No motor-
cycles Motos no.
P n no: there were two noes, nine yeses and
one abstention hubo dos noes, nueve ses
y una abstencin.
nobility [nUbIlItI] n nobleza.
noble [nUbl] adj noble.
comp nobler, superl noblest.
P n noble mf.
nobleman [nUblmn] n noble m.
pl noblemen [nUblmn].
noblewoman [nUblwUmn] n noble f.
pl noblewomen [nUblwImIn].
nobody [nUbdI] pron nadie: nobody
went to the party no fue nadie a la fiesta.
P n don nadie m.
nod [nd] n 1 saludo con la cabeza. 2 (in
agreement) seal f de asentimiento.
P vi 1 saludar con la cabeza . 2 (agree)
asentir (con la cabeza).
pt & pp nodded, ger nodding.
noise [nIz] n ruido, sonido.
P n pl noises comentarios mpl. l o c to
make a noise hacer ruido. c o m p big
noise fam pez m gordo.
noisy [nIzI] adj ruidoso,-a.
comp noisier, superl noisiest.
nomad [nUmQd] n nmada mf.
no-mans-land [nUmQnzlQnd] n
tierra de nadie.
nominal [nmInl] adj 1 nominal. 2
(price) simblico,-a.
nominate [nmIneIt] vt 1 nombrar:
he was nominated team captain lo nom
braron capitn del equipo. 2 (propose)
proponer: I nominate Neil as captain yo
propongo a Neil como capitn.
nonconformist [nnknfmIst] adj
disidente.
none [nn] pron ninguno,-a: none of the
keys opens the door ninguna de las llaves
abre la puerta; none of them could do it nadie
supo hacerlo; I wanted nutmeg, but they had
none quera nuez moscada, pero no tenan.
P adv de ningn modo: hes none the
worse for his ordeal no le ha afectado esa
257 nose
mala experiencia. l o c none but nica
mente, solamente, solo: none but the
strongest survived sobrevivieron solo los
ms fuertes..
nonsense [nnsns] n tonteras fpl:
dont talk nonsense! no digas tonteras!
nonstick [nnstIk] adj antiadherente.
nonstop [nnstp] adj 1 (continuous)
continuo,-a. 2 (flight, etc) directo,-a,
sin escalas.
P adv sin parar.
noodle [nUdl] n fideo.
noon [nUn] n medioda m.
no-one [nUwn] [also written no one]
pron nadie: no-one went to the party no
fue nadie a la fiesta.
no-place [nUpleIs] adv us nowhere.
nor [nr] conj 1 ni: neither you nor I ni t ni
yo; I neither know nor care ni lo s ni me im
porta. 2 tampoco: nor do I yo tampoco.
Nordic [ndIk] adj nrdico,-a.
normal [nml] adj normal.
normally [nmlI] adv normalmente.
normality [nmQlItI] n normalidad f.
north [nT] n norte m: to the north of
London al norte de Londres; in the north
of Scotland en el norte de Escocia.
P adj del norte: I live in north London vi
vo en el norte de Londres.
P adv al norte, hacia el norte: were trav-
N
elling north viajamos hacia el norte; theyve
moved north se han trasladado al norte; its
north of Cambridge est al norte de Cam
bridge. c o m p North Pole Polo Norte.
northeast [nTist] n nordeste m, no
reste m.
P adj del nordeste.
P adv al nordeste, hacia el nordeste.
northern [nTn] adj norte, del norte.
northwest [nTwest] n noroeste m.
P adj del noroeste.
P adv al noroeste, hacia el noroeste.
Norway [nweI] n Noruega.
Norwegian [nwidZn] adj norue
go,-a.
P n 1 (person) noruego,-a. 2 (language)
noruego.
nose [nUz] n 1 nariz f. 2 (of animal) hoci
co. 3 (sense) olfato. 4 (of car, etc) morro.
 nosebleed
l o c to blow ones nose sonarse. y to get
up sbs nose gb fam fastidiar a algn. y
under sbs very nose / right under sbs
nose ante las propias narices de algn.
nosebleed [nUzblid] n hemorragia
nasal.
nostril [nstrl] n fosa nasal.
nosy [nUzI] adj fam curioso,-a, entro
metido,-a.
comp nosier, superl nosiest.
not [nt] [la forma contracta es nt: isnt,
arent, doesnt.] adv no: I did not steal it no
lo rob; she told me not to tell anyone me di
jo que no lo dijera a nadie; I hope/suppose
not espero/supongo que no; are you com-
ing or not? vienes o no? l o c not likely! ni
hablar! y not that no es que: where
is he?, not that I mind, of course dnde est?,
no es que me importe, claro est. y not to
say por no decir
. Not acompaa al auxiliar del verbo en
las oraciones negativas. En el ingls habla
do y en los textos escritos informales se
suele contraer a -nt: she isnt English; he
doesnt like it. Tambin se usa para la for
ma negativa de los verbos subordinados.
notary [nUtrI] n notario,-a.
pl notaries.
note [nUt] n 1 mus nota; (key) tecla. 2
(message) nota. 3 (money) billete m.
P vt 1 (notice) notar, advertir: I noted a
certain reluctance on Johns part not cierta
reticencia por parte de John. 2 (pay spe-
cial attention) fijarse en: note that the plu-
ral of child is children fijaos en que el
plural de child es children. 3 (write
down) apuntar, anotar.
P n pl notes apuntes mpl.
a to note down vt sep apuntar.
, Note no significa 'nota (calificacin)',
que se traduce por mark.
notebook [nUtbUk] n 1 (book) libreta,
cuaderno. 2 (computer) ordenador m
porttil.
notepad [nUtpQd] n bloc m de notas.
nothing [nTIN] n nada: theres nothing
left no queda nada; its nothing special no
es nada del otro jueves. l o c for nothing
258
fam gratis. y nothing but nicamen
te, solo
P adv de ningn modo, de ninguna
manera: its nothing like a pheasant no se
parece en nada a un faisn.
notice [nUtIs] n 1 (sign) letrero: theres a
notice which says No parking hay un letre
ro que dice Prohibido estacionar. 2 (an-
nouncement) anuncio: theres a notice in the
paper about a lost dog hay un anuncio en el
diario acerca de un perro extraviado. 3
(warning) aviso: they gave him a months no-
tice to quit the flat le dieron un plazo de un
mes para abandonar el departamento. l o c
to take no notice of no hacer caso de. y
until further notice hasta nuevo aviso.
y without notice sin previo aviso.
P vt notar, fijarse en, darse cuenta de.
P vi fam (show) verse: dont worry, the
stain doesnt notice no te preocupes, la
mancha no se ve.
, Notice no significa 'noticia', que se
traduce por news.
noticeable [nUtIsbl] adj que se no
ta, evidente.
noticeboard [nUtIsbd] n tabln m
de anuncios.
notify [nUtIfaI] vt notificar, avisar.
pt & pp notified, ger notifying.
notion [nUSn] n nocin f, idea, con
cepto.
P n pl notions us mercera f sing.
notorious [nUtrIs] adj pej clebre: a
notorious criminal un conocido criminal.
, Notorious no significa 'notorio (co
nocido)', que se traduce por well-known.
nougat [nUgA] n turrn m blando.
nought [nt] n cero: nought point sixty-
six cero coma sesenta y seis. c o m p
noughts and crosses tres en raya m.
noun [naUn] n nombre m, sustantivo.
c o m p noun phrase sintagma m nominal.
nourish [nrIS] vt nutrir, alimentar.
nourishing [nrISIN] adj nutritivo,-a.
novel1 [nvl] adj original, novedoso,-a:
what a novel idea! qu idea ms original!
novel2 [nvl] n novela.
novelist [nvlIst] n novelista mf.

novelty [nv ltI] n 1 novedad f: the
novelty soon wore off pronto dej de ser
novedad. 2 (trinket) chuchera.
pl novelties.
November [nUvembr] n noviembre m.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta May.
novice [nvIs] n 1 novato,-a. 2 rel no
vicio,-a.
now [naU] adv 1 (at the present) ahora;
(used contrastively) ya: where do you work
now? dnde trabajas ahora?; Im ready
now ya estoy listo. 2 (immediately) ya,
ahora mismo: do it now! hazlo ya! 3 (in
past) ya, entonces. 4 (introductory) bue
no, vamos a ver, veamos: now, lets
begin bueno, empecemos. l o c by now
ya: shell be in Mexico by now ya debe de
estar en Mjico. y for now por el mo
mento. y from now on de ahora en
adelante. y just now 1 (at this moment)
en estos momentos, ahora mismo.
2 (a short while ago) hace un momento,
ahora mismo: I cant help you just now
ahora mismo no puedo ayudarte; y now
and then de vez en cuando. y right
now ahora mismo.
P conj [also now that] ahora que, ya que:
now (that) were all here, we can begin ya
que estamos todos, podemos empezar.
nowadays [naUdeIz] adv hoy da,
hoy en da, actualmente.
nowhere [nUwer] adv (position) en
ninguna parte, en ningn sitio, en
ningn lugar; (direction) a ninguna par
te, a ningn sitio: where are you going?
nowhere special dnde vas? a ningn
sitio en especial; theres nowhere to hide no
hay donde esconderse. l o c in the mid
dle of nowhere en el quinto pino. y
nowhere near muy lejos de.
nozzle [nzl] n (of hose) boquilla; (of
oilcan) pitorro; (large calibre) tobera.
nuclear [njUklIr] adj nuclear. c o m p nu
clear bomb bomba nuclear. y nuclear
energy energa nuclear. y nuclear fission
fisin f nuclear. y nuclear fusion fusin f
nuclear. y nuclear power energa nu
clear. y nuclear power station central f
nuclear. y nuclear reactor reactor m nu
259 nymph
clear. y nuclear waste residuos nuclea
res. y nuclear weapon arma nuclear.
nucleus [njUklIs] n ncleo.
pl nuclei [njUklIaI].
nude [njUd] adj desnudo,-a.
P n desnudo.
nudge [ndZ] n 1 (with elbow) codazo. 2
empujn m suave.
P vt dar un codazo a.
nuisance [njUsns] n 1 molestia, fas
tidio, lata. 2 (person) pesado,-a. l o c to
make a nuisance of os dar la lata.
numb [nm] adj entumecido,-a, in
sensible. l o c to be numb with cold
estar helado,-a de fro.
number [nmb r] n nmero. l o c a
number of varios,-as y any num
ber of muchsimos,-as y without
number un sinfn de c o m p number
plate placa de matrcula..
a to number off vi numerarse.
numeral [njUmrl] n nmero, cifra.
numerous [njUmrs] adj numero
so,-a.
nun [nn] n monja, religiosa.
nurse [ns] n 1 enfermero,-a. 2 (chil-
drens) niera.
P vt 1 (look after) cuidar. 2 (suckle) ama
mantar. 3 (hold) acunar. 4 (feeling)
guardar. N
nursery [nsrI] n 1 (in house) cuarto
de los nios. 2 (kindergarten) guarde
ra. 3 (for plants) vivero. c o m p nursery
rhyme cancin f infantil, poema m
infantil. y nursery school parvulario.
pl nurseries.
nut [nt] n 1 bot fruto seco. 2 tech
tuerca. 3 fam (head) coco. 4 fam (nut-
case) chalado,-a, chiflado,-a.
nutcrackers [ntkrQkz] n pl casca
nueces m inv.
nutmeg [ntmeg] n nuez f moscada.
nutrient [njUtrInt] n nutriente m.
nutrition [njUtrISn] n nutricin f.
nutritious [njUtrISs] adj nutritivo,-a.
nutshell [ntSel] n cscara. l o c in a
nutshell en pocas palabras.
nylon [naIln] n nailon m.
P n pl nylons medias fpl de nailon.
nymph [nImf] n ninfa.
 O
O, o [U] n (the letter) O, o f.
O [U] n (as number) cero.
oak [Uk] n 1 bot roble m. 2 (wood) roble m.
P adj de roble.
oar [r] n remo.
oarsman [zmn] n remero.
pl oarsmen [zmn].
oasis [UeIsIs] n oasis m.
pl oases [UeIsiz].
oats [Uts] n pl avena.
oath [UT] n 1 jur juramento. 2 (swear-
word) palabrota, juramento. l o c on
my oath lo juro. y to be on oath / be
under oath estar bajo juramento.
obedience [bidIns] n obediencia.
obedient [bidInt] adj obediente.
obelisk [blIsk] n obelisco.
obese [Ubis] adj obeso,-a.
obesity [UbisItI] n obesidad f.
obey [beI] vt 1 (gen) obedecer; (orders)
acatar. 2 (law) cumplir.
P vi (gen) obedecer.
object [(n) bdZekt; (vb) bdZekt] n 1
(thing) objeto, cosa. 2 (aim, purpose) obje
tivo, fin m. 3 (focus of feelings) objeto: he
was an object of ridicule fue objeto de bur
las. 4 ling complemento: direct/indirect
object complemento directo/indirecto.
c o m p object glass / object lens objetivo.
P vt objetar.
P vi 1 (oppose) oponerse (to, a), poner
reparos (to, a).
objection [bdZekSn] n objecin f, re
paro, inconveniente.
objective [bdZektIv] adj objetivo,-a.
P n 1 (purpose) objetivo, fin m. 2 (lens)
objetivo.
objectivity [bdZektIvItI] n objetivi
dad f.
260
obligation [blIgeISn] n obligacin f.
oblige [blaIdZ] vt 1 (compel) obligar:
I felt obliged to attend me vea obligado a
asistir. 2 (do a favour) hacer un favor a,
ayudar a. l o c much obliged! muy
agradecido,-a!
vi (do a favour) hacer un favor, ayu
P
dar.
oblong [blN] adj oblongo,-a, alar
gado,-a.
P n rectngulo.
oboe [UbU] n oboe m.
obscene [bsin] adj obsceno,-a, in
decente.
obscenity [bsenItI] n obscenidad f.
pl obscenities.
obscure [bskjUr] adj 1 (unclear) oscuro,-a,
poco claro,-a. 2 (vague, indistinct) vago,-a,
confuso,-a; (hidden) recndito,-a.
, Obscure no significa 'oscuro (un co
lor)', que se traduce por dark.
obsequious [bsikwIs] adj servil.
, Obsequious no significa 'obsequio
so', que se traduce por obliging.
observant [bzv nt] adj observa
dor,-ra.
observation [bzveISn] n 1 (watching,
study) observacin f; (surveillance) vigi
lancia. 2 (remark) observacin f, co
mentario.
observatory [bzvtrI] n observa
torio.
pl observatories.
observe [bzv] vt 1 (see, watch) obser
var, ver; (in surveillance) vigilar. 2 (law)
cumplir, respetar. 3 fml (say) sealar.
P vi observar.
obsess [bses] vt obsesionar.

obsession [bseS n] n obsesin f
(with/about, con).
obsessive [bsesIv] adj obsesivo,-a.
P n obsesivo,-a.
obstacle [bstkl] n 1 obstculo. 2 fig
obstculo, impedimento. c o m p ob
stacle race carrera de obstculos.
obstetrics [bstetrIks] n obstetricia,
tocologa.
obstinate [bstInt] adj obstinado,-a.
obstruct [bstrkt] vt 1 (block - gen) obs
truir; (- pipe, etc) atascar, bloquear;
(- view) tapar. 2 (make difficult) dificultar.
obstruction [bstrkSn] n 1 (gen) obs
truccin f . 2 (hindrance) estorbo,
obstculo.
obtain [bteIn] vt obtener, conseguir.
obtuse [btjUs] adj fml (stupid) obtu
so,-a. c o m p obtuse angle ngulo obtuso.
obvious [bvIs] adj (clear) obvio,-a: for
obvious reasons por razones obvias.
obviously [bvIslI] adv obviamente,
evidentemente.
occasion [keIZn] n 1 (time) ocasin f;
(event) acontecimiento. 2 (opportunity)
ocasin f, oportunidad f: if the occa-
sion arises si se presenta la ocasin. l o c
on occasion de vez en cuando. y on
the occasion of con motivo de. y to
rise to the occasion estar a la altura
de las circunstancias, dar la talla.
occasional [keIZnl] adj (not frequent)
espordico,-a, eventual.
occasionally [keIZnlI] adv de vez
en cuando, ocasionalmente.
occipital [kspItl] adj occipital.
occult [klt] adj oculto,-a.
, Occult no significa 'oculto (escondi
do)', que se traduce por hidden.
occupant [kjpnt] n (gen) ocupante
mf; (tenant) inquilino,-a.
occupation [kjpeISn] n 1 (job) ocupa
cin f, profesin f. 2 (pastime) pasatiem
po. 3 (act, state of occupying) ocupacin f.
occupied [kjpaId] adj ocupado,-a.
occupy [kjpaI] vt ocupar.
pt & pp occupied, ger occupying.
261 odorless
occur [k ] vi 1 (happen - event, incident)
r
ocurrir, suceder; (- change) producirse. 2
fml (be found, exist) existir, darse. 3 (come to
mind) ocurrir, ocurrirse: it never occurred
to me to ask no se me ocurri preguntar.
pt & pp occurred, ger occurring.
occurrence [krns] n 1 (event, incident)
suceso. 2 fml (frequency) incidencia,
frecuencia; (existing amount) cantidad f.
, Occurrence no significa 'ocurrencia',
que se traduce por idea.
ocean [USn] n ocano.
P adj ocenico,-a: ocean currents co
rrientes ocenicas.
oceanic [USIQnIk] adj fml ocenico,-a.
oceanography [USngrfI] n ocea
nografa.
ocher [Ukr] adj us ochre.
ochre [Ukr] adj (de color) ocre.
P n ochre m.
oclock [klk] adv : its one oclock es la
una; at three oclock a las tres.
octagon [ktgn] n octgono, oct
gono.
octagonal [ktQgnl] adj octagonal,
octogonal.
octahedron [kthidrn] n octaedro.
October [ktUbr] n octubre m.
Para ejemplos de uso, consulta May.
octopus [ktps] n pulpo.
pl octopuses. O
odd [d] adj 1 (strange) extrao,-a, ra
ro,-a: the odd thing is that lo raro es
que 2 (number) impar. 3 (approximately)
y pico: thirty odd people unas treinta y
pico personas. 4 (shoe, glove, etc) suel
to,-a, desparejado,-a. l o c to be the
odd man out 1 (be over) estar de ms. 2
(be different) ser la excepcin. c o m p odd
jobs trabajillos mpl.
P n pl odds 1 (probability, chances) proba
bilidades fpl: the odds are that lo ms
probable es que 2 (in betting) apues
tas fpl. l o c against (all) the odds con
tra todo pronstico.
odontology [dntldZI] n odonto
loga.
odor [Udr] adj us odour.
odorless [Udls] adj us odourless.
 odour
odour [Ud ] n (smell) olor m; (fragrance)
r P adj 1 (event) cancelado,-a, suspendi
perfume m, fragancia.
odourless [Udls] adj inodoro,-a.
odyssey [dIsI] n odisea.
oesophagus [isfgs] n esfago.
pl oesophagi [isfgaI]. offence [fens] n 1 jur delito, infrac
oestrogen [istrdZn] n estrgeno. trfico. 2 (insult) ofensa. l o c to take of
of [v, unstressed v] prep 1 (belonging to) de:
a friend of mine un amigo mo. 2 (made
from) de: Spanish-leather shoes zapatos de
piel espaola. 3 (containing) de: a bag of
crisps una bolsa de patatas. 4 (showing a
part, a quantity) de: a kilo of apples un kilo
de manzanas. 5 (partitive use) de: the two
of us nosotros dos. 6 (dates, distance) de:
the 7th of August el 7 de agosto. 7 (apposi-
tion) de: the city of London la ciudad de
Londres. 8 (by) de: the works of Shake-
speare las obras de Shakespeare. 9 (with,
having) de: a child of five un nio de cinco
aos. 10 (after superlative) de: best of all was
the food lo mejor de todo fue la comida.
off [f] prep 1 (movement) de: he got off the
bus baj del autobs. 2 (indicating removal)
de: he cut a branch off the tree cort una
rama del rbol. 3 (distance, situation)
diferentes traducciones: a narrow street off the
main road una callejuela que sale a la ca
rretera; the ship sank off Malpica el barco
se hundi a la altura de Malpica. 4 (away
from) diferentes traducciones: the ship went off
course el barco se desvi de su rumbo;
were a long way off finding a cure estamos
lejos de encontrar una cura. 5 (not want-
ing) : Im off coffee ya no tomo caf. 6 (not
at work) : she comes off duty at 10.00pm
acaba el turno a las 10.00. 7 fam (from) a:
I bought it off Eva se lo compr a Eva.
P adv 1 (departure): he ran off se fue co
rriendo; Im off me voy. 2 (showing dis-
tance) a: the village is three miles off el pue
blo est a tres millas. 3 (reduced in price)
menos: 70% off! 70% menos! 4 (discon-
nected, not working) diferentes traducciones:
turn the light off apaga la luz; she turned
the tap off cerr el grifo. 7 (free, on holiday)
libre: can I have the afternoon off? puedo
tomarme la tarde libre? l o c off and on /
on and off de vez en cuando, a ratos.
y right off / straight off acto seguido.
262
do,-a: the weddings off la boda se ha
suspendido. 2 (not turned on - gas, water)
cerrado,-a; (- electricity) apagado,-a.
c o m p off season temporada baja.
cin f: a traffic offence una infraccin de
fence at sth ofenderse por algo, sen
tirse ofendido,-a por algo.
offend [fend] vt 1 (insult, hurt) ofender:
shell be offended if we dont go se ofender
si no vamos.
P vi 1 fml (do wrong to) atentar (against,
a). 2 jur fml (commit crime) cometer un
delito.
offender [ f e n d r ] n 1 j u r (gen)
infractor,-ra; (criminal) delincuente mf.
2 (culprit) culpable mf.
offensive [fensIv] adj 1 (insulting)
ofensivo,-a, insultante. 2 (disgusting -
gen) repugnante; (- smell) desagrada
ble. 3 (attacking) ofensivo,-a.
P n mil ofensiva.
offer [fr] vt 1 (gen) ofrecer: she offered
us a coffee nos ofreci un caf. 2 (show
willingness) ofrecerse (to, para): he of-
fered me a lift to the airport se ofreci para
llevarme al aeropuerto. 3 (propose) pro
poner, sugerir.
P n 1 (gen) oferta, ofrecimiento; (pro-
posal) propuesta. 2 comm oferta. l o c
to be on offer 1 (at reduced price) estar
de oferta. 2 (available) disponible.
office [fIs] n 1 (room) despacho, ofici
na; (building) oficina; (staff) oficina. 2 gb
ministerio: the Foreign Office el Ministe
rio de Asuntos Exteriores. 3 (post, posi-
tion) cargo. l o c to hold office ocupar
un cargo. c o m p office block edificio
de oficinas. y office boy recadero. y
office junior auxiliar mf de oficina. y
office worker oficinista mf.
officer [fIsr] n 1 mil oficial mf. 2 (police
officer) agente mf . 3 (in government)
funcionario,-a. 4 (of club, society)
directivo,-a.
official [fISl] adj (gen) oficial.
P n funcionario,-a, oficial mf.
, Official no significa 'oficial (militar)',
que se traduce por officer.

officially [fIS lI] adv oficialmente.
officious [fISs] adj (too eager) oficio
so,-a, solcito,-a, hacendoso,-a; (in-
terfering) entrometido,-a.
off-licence [flaIsns] n gb tienda de
bebidas alcohlicas.
offshoot [fSUt] n bot retoo, vstago.
offshore [fS r] adj 1 (at sea) a poca
distancia de la costa. 2 (breeze) terral,
de tierra. 3 (overseas) en el extranjero.
P adv mar adentro.
offside [fsaId] adj 1 sp fuera de juego.
2 gb (part of vehicle) del lado del con
ductor.
P adv sp en fuera de juego.
P n gb (of vehicle) lado del conductor.
offspring [fsprIN] n 1 fml (child) des
cendiente mf; (children) descendencia,
prole f. 2 (animal - one) cra; (- several)
cras fpl.
pl offspring.
off-the-record [fDrekd] adj ex
traoficial, confidencial.
often [fn, ftn] adv (frequently) a me
nudo, con frecuencia: we often go to
the theatre vamos al teatro a menudo.
oh [U] interj oh!, ay!, vaya!: oh, really?
de veras?; oh, look! eh, mira!
ohm [Um] n ohmio, ohm m.
oil [Il] n 1 (gen) aceite m: sunflower oil
aceite de girasol. 2 (petroleum) petrleo:
crude oil crudo. 3 art (painting) leo, pin
tura al leo.
P vt engrasar, lubricar, lubrificar.
P n pl oils (paints) leo: she paints in oils
pinta al leo. c o m p oil painting cuadro
al leo, leo. y oil rig plataforma pe
trolfera. y oil slick marea negra. y oil
tanker petrolero. y oil well pozo pe
trolfero.
oilcan [IlkQn] n aceitera.
oilcloth [IlklT] n hule m.
oilfield [Ilfild] n yacimiento petrol
fero.
oily [IlI] adj 1 (food) aceitoso,-a, gra
siento,-a; (skin, hair) graso,-a. 2 pej
(manner) empalagoso,-a.
comp oilier, superl oiliest.
263 omit
ointment [Intmnt] n ungento, po
mada.
okay [UkeI] interj vale!, de acuerdo!
P adj correcto,-a, bien: are you okay?
ests bien?
P adv bien, bastante bien: hes doing
okay at school va bien en el colegio.
P n visto bueno, aprobacin f.
old [Uld] adj 1 (gen) viejo,-a: an old man
un anciano, un hombre mayor; the old
part of the city el casco antiguo de la ciu
dad; hes an old friend es un viejo amigo. 2
(former) antiguo,-a: in my old job en mi
antiguo trabajo. l o c how old are you?
cuntos aos tienes?, qu edad
tienes? y to be years old tener
aos. c o m p old age vejez f. y the Old
World el viejo mundo.
P n the old las personas fpl mayores,
los ancianos mpl.
older [Uldr] adj 1 (comparative) old. 2
(elder) mayor.
old-fashioned [UldfQSnd] adj (outdat-
ed - gen) anticuado,-a, pasado,-a de
moda; (- person) chapado,-a a la anti
gua.
olfactory [lfQktrI] adj olfativo,-a,
olfatorio,-a. c o m p olfactory epitheli
um epitelio olfativo. y olfactory nerve
nervio olfativo.
oligarchy [lIgAkI] n oligarqua.
pl oligarchies. O
olive [lIv] n 1 (tree, wood) olivo. 2 (fruit)
aceituna, oliva. 3 (colour) verde m oli
va. c o m p olive grove olivo. yolive oil
aceite m de oliva. y olive tree olivo.
P adj (paint) color aceituna; (skin) acei
tunado,-a.
Olympiad [lImpIQd] n Olimpada,
Olimpiada.
Olympic [lImpIk] adj olmpico,-a.
P n pl the Olympics los Juegos Olm
picos, la Olimpada f sing. c o m p Olym
pic Games Juegos mpl Olmpicos.
omega [UmIg] n omega.
omelette [mlt] n tortilla. c o m p plain
omelette tortilla francesa.
omit [UmIt] vt 1 (not include, leave out)
omitir, suprimir; (forget to include) olvi
 omnivore
dar incluir. 2 (fail to do) omitir, dejar
de; (forget) olvidarse.
pt & pp omitted, ger omitting.
omnivore [mnIvr] n omnvoro.
omnivorous [mnIvrs] adj zool fml
omnvoro,-a.
on [n] prep 1 (covering or touching) sobre,
encima de, en: its on the table est enci
ma de la mesa. 2 (supported by, hanging
from) en: she put the picture on the wall col
g el cuadro en la pared. 3 (to, towards) a,
hacia: on the right/left a la derecha/iz
quierda. 4 (at the edge of) en: a village on
the coast un pueblo de la costa. 5 (days,
dates, times) no se traduce: on Saturday el s
bado. 6 (at the time of, just after) al: on arriv-
ing al llegar. 7 (as means of transport) a, en:
on foot a pie; on the train en el tren. 8 (re-
garding, about) sobre, de: a book on art un
libro de arte. 9 (in possession of) con: have
you got any money on you? llevas dinero?
P adv 1 (not stopping) sin parar: she kept
on talking sigui hablando. 2 (movement
forward) diferentes traducciones: walk on until
you get to the church sigue hasta que lle
gues a la iglesia; its time we were moving
on es hora de que nos vayamos. 3 (clothes
- being worn) puesto,-a: she had a cap on
llevaba puesta una gorra. 4 (working)
diferentes traducciones: who left the TV on?
quin dej la TV encendida?; dont leave
the tap on! no dejes el grifo abierto! 5
(happening) diferentes traducciones: what time
is the film on? a qu hora ponen la pelcu
la?; have we got anything on this weekend?
tenemos plan para este fin de semana?
l o c and so on y as sucesivamente. y
from that day on a partir de aquel da.
P adj 1 (in use) diferentes traducciones: is the
heating on? est puesta la calefaccin?;
all the lights were on todas las luces esta
ban encendidas. 2 (happening) diferentes
traducciones: the strikes on la huelga sigue
convocada; is the party still on? se hace la
fiesta?; the match is on after all despus de
todo, el partido se celebra. 3 (performing)
diferentes traducciones: youre on next! sales
t el prximo!; theyre bringing the sub on
hacen salir a jugar al suplente. l o c its
not on no hay derecho, eso no vale.
y youre on! trato hecho!
264
once [wns] adv 1 (one time) una vez: once a
week una vez por semana. 2 (formerly) an
tes, en otro tiempo: I was a cook once an
tes era cocinero. l o c at once 1 (at the same
time) a la vez. 2 (immediately) en seguida,
inmediatamente, ahora mismo. y
once again otra vez. y once and for all
de una vez para siempre, de una vez
por todas. y once in a while de vez en
cuando. y once more una vez ms.
y once upon a time rase una vez.
P conj una vez que, en cuanto: once
everyone gets here, we can start una vez
que lleguen todos, podemos empezar.
P n vez f: just this once solo esta vez.
oncoming [nkmIN] adj 1 (traffic) que
viene en direccin contraria. 2 (event,
season) venidero,-a, futuro,-a.
one [wn] adj 1 (stating number) un, una:
Ive got one brother tengo un hermano. 2
(unspecified, a certain) un, una, algn,
-una: one day in January un da de enero. 3
(only, single) nico,-a: its my one chance es
mi nica oportunidad. 4 (same) mismo,
-a: in one direction en la misma direccin.
P pron 1 (thing) uno,-a: a red one uno,-a
rojo,-a; this one ste,-a. 2 (person) l, la:
hes the one who I was telling you about es l
de quien te estaba hablando. 3 (any per-
son, you) uno, una: one cant think of every-
thing uno no puede pensar en todo. l o c
one after another uno,-a detrs de
otro,-a. y one another el uno al otro. y
one at a time de uno en uno. y one by
one de uno,-a en uno,-a.
P n (number) uno: my son is one today mi
hijo cumple un ao hoy.
oneself [wnself] pron 1 (reflexive) se;
(emphatic) uno,-a mismo,-a; (after prep)
s mismo,-a: to wash oneself lavarse. 2
(alone) solo,-a: one cant do everything
oneself uno no puede hacerlo todo solo
l o c (all) by oneself solo,-a. y to oneself
para s, para s solo,-a.
one-way [wnweI] adj 1 (street) de sen
tido nico, de direccin nica. 2
(ticket) de ida.
onion [nIn] n cebolla.
online [nlaIn] adj comput en lnea.
P adv comput en lnea.

onlooker [nlUk ] n espectador,-ra,
r P adj open to (susceptible) susceptible a,
curioso,-a.
only [UnlI] adj (sole) nico,-a: the only
problem is that el nico problema es
que c o m p only child hijo,-a nico,-a.
P adv 1 (just, merely) solo, solamente: hes
only a child solo es un nio. 2 (exclusively)
solo, solamente, nicamente: only my
mother knows mi madre es la nica que lo
sabe. l o c not only but also no sola
mente sino tambin. y only just 1 (a
moment before) acabar de. 2 (almost not,
scarcely) por poco. y only too muy
P conj pero: its like yoghurt, only better es
como el yogur, pero mejor.
onshore [nSr] adj (on land) en tierra.
P adv (towards land) tierra adentro.
onto [ntU] prep 1 (movement) a, en: it fell
onto the floor cay al suelo. 2 (new subject)
a: lets move onto a different subject cam
biemos de tema.
onwards [nwdz] adv gb adelante,
hacia adelante: from now onwards de
ahora en adelante.
ooze1 [Uz] vi rezumar.
P vt 1 rezumar. 2 fig rebosar.
ooze2 [Uz] n cieno, lodo.
opacity [UpQsItI] n 1 (non-transparency)
opacidad f. 2 (obscurity) oscuridad f.
opal [Upl] n palo.
opaque [UpeIk] adj 1 (not transparent)
opaco,-a. 2 (difficult to understand, obscure)
obscuro,-a, oscuro,-a, poco claro,-a.
open [Upn] adj 1 (gen) abierto,-a; I cant
keep my eyes open no puedo mantener los
ojos abiertos. 2 (not covered) descubierto,-
a: an open car un coche descapotable.
c o m p open day jornada de puertas
abiertas. y open letter carta abierta.
y open season temporada de caza.
P n sp (competition) open m.
P vt abrir: open your mouth abre la boca.
l o c to open fire abrir fuego ( on/at ,
contra).
P vi 1 (gen) abrir, abrirse: the door
opened la puerta se abri. 2 (spread out,
unfold) abrirse: the roses are opening las
rosas se estn abriendo. 3 (start - confer-
ence, play, book) comenzar, empezar;
(film) estrenarse. 4 (begin business) abrir.
265 operator
expuesto,-a a; (receptive) abierto,-a a.
P n the open (the outdoors, open air) cam
po, aire m libre.
a to open into / open onto vt insep dar
a: the back door opens onto the patio la
puerta trasera da al patio.
open-air [Upner] adj al aire libre.
opener [Upnr] n abridor m.
opening [UpnIN] n 1 (ceremony - gen)
inauguracin f, comienzo. 2 (first night)
estreno. 3 (process of opening, unfolding)
apertura. 4 (hole) abertura; (space) hue
co; (gap) brecha; (clearing) claro. 5
(chance) oportunidad f (for, para). 6
(vacancy) vacante f ( for, para). c o m p
opening hours horario de apertura. y
opening night noche f de estreno.
P adj (initial) inicial.
openly [UpnlI] adv (not secretly) abier
tamente; (publicly) pblicamente, en
pblico.
open-minded [Up nmaIndId] adj
abierto,-a, de actitud abierta.
openness [Upnns] n (frankness) fran
queza; (receptiveness) actitud f abierta.
opera [pr] n pera.
operate [preIt] vt 1 (machine, etc) ha
cer funcionar, manejar,. 2 (manage,
run - business) dirigir, llevar.
P vi 1 (function - machine, etc) funcio
nar. 2 (carry on trade) operar; (work) tra
O
bajar. 3 med operar (on, a), interve
nir (on, a).
operating [preItIN] adj comm (losses,
costs) de explotacin. c o m p operating
room us quirfano. y operating sys
tem comput sistema m operativo. y
operating theatre gb quirfano.
operation [preISn] n 1 med opera
cin f, intervencin f. 2 (of machine -
gen) funcionamiento; (- by person) ma
n e j o ; (of system) u s o . 3 (activity)
operacin f; (planned campaign) cam
paa. 4 mil operacin f. 5 math opera
cin f.
operator [preItr] n 1 (of equipment,
machine) operario,-a. 2 (of switchboard)
operador,-ra, telefonista mf.
 ophthalmologist
ophthalmologist [fTQlmldZIst] n
oftalmlogo,-a, oculista mf.
opinion [pInIn] n 1 (belief) opinin f,
parecer m. 2 (evaluation, estimation) opi
nin f, concepto. l o c in my opinion
en mi opinin, a mi juicio. c o m p
opinion poll encuesta.
opium [UpIm] n opio.
opponent [pUnnt] n adversario,-a,
oponente mf.
opportunity [ptjUnItI] n 1 (gen)
oportunidad f, ocasin f. 2 (prospect)
perspectiva.
pl opportunities.
oppose [pUz] vt oponerse a.
opposite [pzIt] adj 1 (facing) de en
frente: she lives on the opposite side of the
road vive al otro lado de la calle. 2 (contra-
ry, different) opuesto,-a, contrario,-a.
P prep enfrente de, frente a: the build-
ing opposite the cinema el edificio enfren
te del cine.
P adv enfrente: the family who live oppo-
site la familia que vive enfrente.
P n lo contrario, lo opuesto: the op-
posite of big is small lo contrario a grande
es pequeo.
opposition [pzIS n] n 1 (resistance)
oposicin f, resistencia. 2 (rivals - in
sport) adversarios mpl ; (- in business)
competencia.
P n the Opposition pol la oposicin f.
oppress [pres] vt oprimir.
oppression [preSn] n opresin f.
oppressor [presr] n opresor,-ra.
opt [pt] vi optar (for, por).
a to opt out vi (person) abandonar, de
jar de participar.
optic [ptIk] adj ptico,-a.
optical [ptIkl] adj ptico,-a.
optician [ptISn] n ptico,-a, oculista
mf. c o m p opticians (shop) ptico.
optics [ptIks] n ptica.
optimism [ptImIzm] n optimismo.
optimist [ptImIst] n optimista mf.
optimistic [ptImIstIk] adj optimista.
option [pSn] n 1 (choice) opcin f, po
sibilidad f. 2 educ (optional subject) asig
natura optativa.
266
optional [pSnl] adj opcional.
or [r] conj 1 (alternative - gen) o; (- before word
beginning with o or ho) u: tea or coffee t o
caf. 2 (with negative) ni: she cant sing or
dance no sabe cantar ni bailar. 3 (otherwise)
o: come on, or well be late! date prisa o lle
garemos tarde! l o c or so ms o menos.
oral [rl] adj 1 (spoken - gen) oral; (tradi-
tion) transmitido,-a oralmente. 2 med
(contraceptive) oral; (hygiene) bucal.
P n (exam) examen m oral.
orange [rIndZ] n 1 (fruit) naranja. 2 (col-
our) naranja m. c o m p orange blossom
azahar m. y orange juice zumo de na
ranja. y orange tree naranjo.
P adj naranja, de color naranja.
orang-utan [rQNUtQn] n orangu
tn m.
orbicularis [bIklQrIs] adj 1 anat or
bicular. 2 fml lit (sphere) esfera; (sun) el
sol m; (moon) la luna.
orbit [bIt] n 1 (of satellite) rbita. 2 (area
of influence) rbita, esfera de influen
cia, mbito. l o c to go into orbit en
trar en rbita.
P vt girar alrededor de, orbitar alre
dedor de.
orbital [bIt l] adj orbital, orbita
rio,-a. c o m p orbital road carretera de
circunvalacin.
orchard [tSd] n huerto.
orchestra [kIstr] n orquesta.
orchid [kId] n bot orqudea.
order [dr] n 1 (gen) orden m: in alpha-
betical/chronological order por orden alfa
btico/cronolgico. she put her affairs in
order puso sus asuntos en orden. 2 (fitness
for use) condiciones fpl, estado: the cars
in good working order el coche funciona
bien. 3 (obedience, authority, discipline) or
den m, disciplina. 4 (rules, procedures, etc)
orden m, procedimiento. 5 (command)
orden f. 6 comm (request, goods) pedido:
the waiter took our order el camarero tom
nota de lo que queramos. 7 (group, society)
orden f; (badge, sign worn) condecora
cin f, orden f: the monastic orders las r
denes monsticas. l o c in order that pa
ra que, a fin de que. y in order to para,
a fin de. y out of order (not working) que

no funciona. c o m p order book libro de
pedidos. y order form hoja de pedido.
P vt 1 (command) ordenar, mandar. 2
(ask for) pedir, encargar: Ive ordered a
cake for his birthday he encargado un pastel
para su cumpleaos. 3 (arrange, put in or-
der, organize) ordenar, poner en orden.
P vi (request to bring, ask for) pedir.
ordinal [dInl] adj ordinal.
P n ordinal m.
ordinarily [dnrIlI] adv general
mente.
ordinary [dIn rI] adj (usual, normal)
normal, usual, habitual; (average)
normal, comn. c o m p ordinary sea
man marinero.
, Ordinary no significa 'ordinario (vul
gar)', que se traduce por vulgar.
ordinate [dInt] n math ordenada.
ore [r] n mineral m, mena.
, Ore no significa 'oro', que se traduce
por gold.
oregano [rIgAnU] n organo.
organ [gn] n rgano.
organic [gQnIk] adj 1 (living) orgni
co,-a. 2 (without chemicals) biolgico,-a,
ecolgico,-a.
organism [gnIzm] n organismo.
organization [gnaIzeISn] n orga
nizacin f.
organize [gnaIz] vt organizar, or
denar.
P vi organizar.
organized [gnaIzd] adj (gen) organi
zado,-a.
organizer [gnaIzr] n organizador,-ra.
orgasm [gQzm] n orgasmo.
orgy [dZI] n (wild party) orga.
pl orgies.
Orient [rInt] n the Orient el oriente m.
oriental [rIentl] adj oriental.
P n oriental mf.
orientate [rInteIt] vt orientar.
orientation [rIenteISn] n orienta
cin f.
origin [rIdZIn] n origen m.
P n pl origins origen m sing.
267 otherwise
original [rIdZIn l] adj original, origi
nario,-a, primero,-a.
P n original m.
originally [rIdZInlI] adv 1 (in the begin-
ning) originariamente, en un princi
pio. 2 (in a new way) con originalidad.
originate [rIdZIneIt] vt (create) origi
nar, crear, dar lugar a.
P vi (arise) tener su origen ( in , en),
originarse (in, en), provenir (in, de).
ornament [nmnt] n (decoration) or
namento, adorno; (object) adorno.
ornithology [nITldZI] n ornitolo
ga.
orography [rgrfI] n orografa.
orphan [fn] n hurfano,-a.
P vt dejar hurfano,-a. l o c to be or
phaned quedar hurfano,-a.
orphanage [fnIdZ] n orfanato.
orthodox [Tdks] adj ortodoxo,-a.
orthography [TgrfI] n ortografa.
orthopaedic [TUpidIk] adj med
ortopdico,-a.
osmosis [zmUsIs] n smosis f, os
mosis f.
osseous [zUz] adj seo,-a.
ostensible [stensIbl] adj (apparent)
aparente; (alleged) pretendido,-a,
fingido,-a.
, Ostensible no significa 'ostensible',
que se traduce por obvious. O
ostrich [strItS] n avestruz m.
other [D r] adj 1 (additional) otro,-a:
I have one other idea tengo otra idea. 2 (dif-
ferent) otro,-a: people from other countries
gente de otros pases. 3 (second, remain-
ing) otro,-a: its on the other side of the
street est al otro lado de la calle. l o c
every other day un da s, otro no. y
the other day el otro da.
P pron otro,-a. l o c one after the other
uno tras otro.
P prep other than (except) aparte de, sal
vo: there was nobody other than the teacher
aparte del profesor, no haba nadie.
otherwise [DwaIz] adv 1 (differently)
de otra manera, de manera distinta:
she couldnt do otherwise no poda obrar
 otitis 268
de otra manera. 2 (apart from that, in other
respects) aparte de eso, por lo dems.
P conj (if not) si no, de no ser as, de lo
contrario.
P adj distinto,-a.
otitis [UtaItIs] n otitis f.
otter [tr] n nutria.
ouch [aUtS] interj ay!
ought [t] aux ought to 1 (moral obliga-
tion) deber: you ought to have helped them
debiste ayudarles. 2 (recommendation) de
ber, tener que. 3 (expectation) deber
de: they ought to be home by now segura
mente ya estarn en casa.
ounce [aUns] n 1 (weight) onza. 2 fam
(small quantity) pizca.
. La onza equivale a 28,35 gramos.
our [aUr] adj nuestro,-a: our house nues
tra casa; our children nuestros hijos.
ours [aUz] pron (el) nuestro, (la) nues
tra: a friend of ours un amigo nuestro.
ourselves [aUselvz] pron 1 (reflexive)
nos: we made ourselves comfortable nos
pusimos cmodos. 2 (emphatic)
nosotros,-as mismos,-as: we did it our-
selves lo hicimos nosotros mismos.
out [aUt] adv 1 (gen) fuera, afuera: could
you wait out there? podras esperar all fue
ra?; she ran out sali corriendo. 2 (expressing
distance) en: they live out in the country viven
en el campo. 3 (expressing removal) diferentes
traducciones: Ive had a tooth out me han sa
cado una muela; she got out a handkerchief
sac un pauelo. 4 (available, existing)
diferentes traducciones: the film comes out next
month la pelcula se estrenar el mes que
viene; its the best sandwich out es el mejor
bocadillo que hay. 5 (protruding) que se
sale: a nail sticking out un clavo que sobre
sale. 6 (clearly, loudly) en voz alta: he called
out to me me llam en voz alta.
P prep out of 1 (gen) fuera de: out of
danger fuera de peligro; they are out of the
cup han quedado fuera de la copa. 2
(from among) de: she got five out of ten in
French sac (un) cinco sobre diez en
francs. 3 (without) sin: out of money sin
dinero. 6 (using, made from) de: made out
of wood hecho,-a de madera.
outboard motor [aUtbdmUtr] n mar
motor m fueraborda, fueraborda m.
outbreak [aUtbreIk] n 1 (of violence, fight-
ing) brote m. 2 (of disease) brote m, epi
demia; (of spots) erupcin f.
outburst [aUtbst] n 1 (of emotion) ex
plosin f , arrebato m . 2 (of activity)
explosin f.
outcast [aUtkAst] n marginado,-a.
outclass [aUtklAs] vt superar.
outcome [aUtkm] n resultado.
outdated [aUtdeItId] adj anticuado,-a.
outdoor [aUtdr] adj (gen) exterior.
outdoors [aUtdrz] adv fuera, al aire
libre.
outer [aUtr] adj exterior, externo,-a.
c o m p outer space espacio exterior. y
outer suburbs afueras fpl.
outgrow [aUtgrU] vt (clothes, etc) hacer
se demasiado grande para: hes out-
grown his shoes se le han quedado peque
os los zapatos.
pt outgrew [aUtgru], pp outgrown
[aUtgrUn].
outing [aUtIN] n (trip) salida, excursin f.
outlaw [aUtl] n forajido,-a, proscri
to,-a.
P vt prohibir, declarar ilegal.
outlet [aUtlet] n 1 (opening - gen) salida;
(for water) desage m. 2 fig (for emotions)
vlvula de escape. 3 comm (shop) pun
to de venta.
outline [aUtlaIn] n 1 (outer edge) contor
no; (shape) perfil m. 2 (draft) bosquejo,
esquema m; (summary) resumen m.
P vt 1 (draw lines of) perfilar; (sketch)
bosquejar. 2 (summarize) resumir.
outnumber [aUtnmbr] vt superar en
nmero, ser ms que.
out-of-date [aUtvdeIt] adj (fashion) pasa
do,-a de moda; (technology) desfasa
do,-a, obsoleto,-a; (food, ticket)
caducado,-a.
output [aUtpUt] n 1 (gen) produccin f; (of
machine) rendimiento. 2 comput salida.
outrageous [aUtreIdZs] adj 1 (shocking
- gen) escandaloso,-a; (crime) atroz;
(language) injurioso,-a. 2 (unconventional)
extravagante.

outside [(n) aUtsaId; (prep) aUtsaId] n 1
(exterior part) exterior m, parte f exte
rior: from the outside desde fuera. 2 gb
(when driving) derecha.
P prep 1 (gen) fuera de. 2 (beyond) ms
all de, fuera de: outside working hours
fuera del horario laboral. 3 (other than)
aparte de, fuera de.
P adv (gen) fuera, afuera.
P adj 1 (exterior) exterior. 2 (external) ex
terno,-a. 3 (remote) remoto,-a. l o c at the
outside como mximo, como mucho.
outsider [aUtsaIdr] n 1 (person- stranger)
extrao,-a, forastero,-a,
desconocido,-a. 2 (unlikely winner - ath-
lete, etc) competidor,-ra con pocas
probabilidades de ganar.
outskirts [aUtskts] n pl afueras fpl,
alrededores mpl, extrarradio m sing.
outstanding [aUtstQndIN] adj 1 (excel-
lent) destacado,-a, notable, sobresa
liente; (exceptional) excepcional,
extraordinario,-a, singular. 2 (gen) sin
pagar, pendiente.
outstretched [aUtstretSt] adj exten
dido,-a.
outward [aUtwd] adj 1 (appearance) ex
terior; (sign) externo,-a, show. 2 (jour-
ney, flight) de ida.
outwards [aUtwDZ] adv (gen) hacia
fuera, hacia afuera; (attention, etc) ha
cia el exterior.
oval [Uvl] adj oval, ovalado,-a.
P n valo.
ovary [UvrI] n ovario.
pl ovaries.
ovation [UveISn] n ovacin f.
oven [vn] n horno.
over [Uv r ] adv 1 (down) diferentes
traducciones: the boy fell over el nio se cay;
I knocked the glass over tir la copa (de un
golpe). 2 (from one side to another) diferentes
traducciones: turn over the page dar la vuelta a
la pgina; he bent over se inclin. 3 (across)
diferentes traducciones: lets cross over cruce
mos al otro lado; over here/there aqu/all.
5 (too much) de ms: its 50 grams over pesa
50 gramos de ms. l o c over here aqu. y
over there all.
269 overflow
P prep 1 (gen) encima de: a sign over the
door un letrero encima de la puerta; he
wore a jacket over his sweater llevaba una
americana encima del jersey. 2 (across)
sobre; (on the other side of) al otro lado
de: he lives over the border vive al otro la
do de la frontera. 3 (during) durante:
over the past 25 years durante los ltimos
25 aos. 4 (throughout) por: we travelled
all over Italy viajamos por toda Italia. 5
(more than) ms de: shes over thirty tiene
ms de treinta aos. 6 (about) por: an ar-
gument over money una discusin por di
nero. l o c all over en todas partes. y
over and above adems de.
P adj (ended) acabado,-a, terminado,
-a: the game is over la partida ha acabado.
overact [UvrQkt] vi exagerar, so
breactuar.
overall [(adj) Uvrl; (adv) Uvrl] adj
(general) global, total.
P adv (generally, on the whole) en conjun
to, por lo general.
P n gb (work coat) guardapolvo, bata.
P n pl overalls mono m sing.
overambitious [UvrQmbISs] adj
demasiado ambicioso,-a.
overboard [Uvbd] adv por la bor
da. l o c to fall overboard caer al agua.
y to go overboard pasarse.
overbooking [UvbUkIN] n sobre
contratacin f. O
overcame [UvkeIm] pt overcome.
overcoat [UvkUt] n abrigo.
overcome [Uvkm] vt 1 (defeat) vencer.
2 (overwhelm) agobiar, abrumar, inva
dir, apoderarse de, vencer: he was over-
come by sleep el sueo se apoder de l.
pt overcame [UvkeIm], pp over-
come [Uvkm].
overdose [UvdUs] n sobredosis f.
overflow [(n) UvflU; (vb) UvflU] n
1 (of river, etc) desbordamiento. 2 (pipe)
tubo de desage; (hole) rebosadero.
P vi 1 (river) desbordarse; (bath, etc) re
bosar. 2 (people) rebosar. 3 (be full of)
rebosar (with, de). l o c to be full to
overflowing estar lleno,-a hasta el
borde.
P vt (liquid) salirse de.
 overhead 270

overhead [(adj) Uvhed; (adv) Uvhed] overtook [UvtUk] pt overtake.

adj (cable) areo,-a; (railway) elevado,-a. overturn [Uvtn] vt 1 (vehicle) volcar;
P adv arriba, por encima de la cabeza. (boat) hacer zozobrar; (furniture) dar la
overhear [UvhIr] vt or por casualidad. vuelta a. 2 (government) derrocar. 3 fig
pt & pp overheard [Uvhd]. (ruling) anular.
overheard [Uvhd] pt & pp overhear. P vi (vehicle) volcar; (boat) zozobrar.

overland [ (adj) U v l Q n d ; (adv) overview [UvvjU] n perspectiva

UvlQnd] adj por tierra. general.
P adv por tierra. overweight [UvweIt] adj (thing) de
overlap [UvlQp] vi superponerse, masiado pesado,-a; (person) demasia
solaparse. do gordo,-a.
pt & pp overlapped, ger overlapping. overwhelm [Uvwelm] vt 1 (physically
P n superposicin f, coincidencia. - defeat) arrollar, aplastar. 2 fig (emotion-
overlook [UvlUk] vt 1 (not notice) pasar ally) abrumar.
por alto;. 2 (excuse) disculpar. 3 (have a overwhelming [UvwelmIN] adj (de-
view of) tener vistas a. feat, victory) aplastante, arrollador,-ra;
overnight [UvnaIt] adv 1 (during the (generosity) abrumador,-ra.
night) durante la noche; (at night) por la ovine [UvIn] adj ovino,-a.
noche: it rained overnight llovi durante oviparous [UvIprs] adj ovparo,-a.
la noche. 2 fam (suddenly) de la noche a ovulate [vjleIt] vi ovular.
la maana. ovulation [vjleISn] n ovulacin f.
P adj 1 (during the night) de la noche; (for ovule [vjUl] n vulo.
the night) de una noche. 2 fam (sudden) owe [U] vt (gen) deber: you owe me 10
repentino,-a. pounds me debes 10 libras.
oversaw [Uvs] pt oversee. owing [UIN] adj (due) debido,-a.
overseas [ U v s i z ] adj (person) P prep owing to debido a, a causa de.
extranjero,-a; (trade) exterior. owl [aUl] n bho, lechuza.
P adv en ultramar. own [Un] adj propio,-a: they grow their own
oversee [Uvsi] vt supervisar. vegetables cultivan sus propios verduras.
pt oversaw [Uvs], pp overseen P pron propio,-a: would you like to borrow
[Uvsin]. mine or do you have your own? quieres que
overseen [Uvsin] pp oversee. te deje el mo o ya tienes uno propio?
oversized [UvsaIzd] adj demasiado l o c on ones own 1 (alone) solo,-a. 2

grande. (without help) uno,-a mismo,-a.

oversleep [Uvslip] vi quedarse dor P vt (possess) poseer, ser dueo,-a de.

mido,-a, no despertarse a tiempo. a to own up vi confesarlo.

pt & pp overslept [Uvslept]. owner [Unr] n dueo,-a, propieta
overslept [Uvslept] pt & pp over rio,-a.
sleep. ox [ks] n buey m.
overtake [UvteIk] vt 1 gb (a vehicle) ade pl oxen [ksn].
lantar, pasar, am rebasar: we overtook a oxen [Aksn] npl ox.
sports car adelantamos un coche deporti oxidation [ksIdeISn] n oxidacin f.
vo. 2 (surpass) superar. 3 (happen suddenly oxide [ksaId] n xido.
to) adelantarse a; (surprise) sorprender. oxygen [ksIdZn] n oxgeno.
pt overtook [UvteIkn], pp over- oyster [Istr] n (shellfish) ostra.
taken [UvtUk]. ozone [UzUn] n ozono. c o m p ozone
overtaken [UvteIkn] pp overtake. layer capa de ozono.
overtime [UvtaIm] n (extra work, extra ozone-friendly [UzUnfrendlI] adj
hours) horas fpl extras. que no daa la capa de ozono.

271
P, p [pi] n (the letter) P, p f.
pace [peIs] n 1 (rate, speed) marcha, rit
mo, velocidad f. 2 (step) paso.
P vt 1 (room, floor) ir de un lado a otro
de. 2 (set speed for) marcar el ritmo a.
pacemaker [peIsmeIkr] n 1 sp liebre f.
2 med marcapasos m.
pachyderm [pQkIdm] n paquidermo.
pacifism [pQsIfIzm] n pacifismo.
pacifist [pQsIfIst] n pacifista mf.
pacify [pQsIfaI] vt 1 (person) calmar,
tranquilizar. 2 (country) pacificar.
pt & pp pacified, ger pacifying.
pack [pQk] n 1 (parcel) paquete m; (bun-
dle) fardo, bulto; (rucksack) mochila. 2
us (packet - gen) paquete m; (of cigarettes)
paquete m, cajetilla. 3 gb (of cards) ba
raja. 4 pej (of thieves) banda, partida. 5
(of lies) sarta. 6 (of wolves, dogs) manada;
(of hounds) jaura.
P vt 1 (goods) empaquetar, envasar. 2
(suitcase) hacer; (clothes, etc) poner, me
ter. 3 (fill) atestar, abarrotar, llenar:
the disco was packed with young people la
discoteca estaba abarrotada de jvenes.
4 (press down) apretar.
P vi 1 (suitcase, etc) hacer las maletas,
hacer el equipaje: he hasnt packed yet
an no ha hecho las maletas. 2 (people)
apiarse, apretarse, meterse.
to pack up vi 1 (stop, give up) dejarlo. 2
a paediatrician [pidIQtrISn] n pediatra mf.
(machine) estropearse; (car) averiarse.
P vt sep (belongings - in case) meter en la
maleta; (gather together) recoger.
package [pQkIdZ] n 1 (parcel) paquete
m. 2 (proposals) paquete m; (agreement)
acuerdo. c o m p package holiday viaje m
organizado.
P vt (goods) empaquetar, envasar.
packaging [pQkIdZIN] n embalaje m.
P
packed [pQkt] adj (with people) lleno,-a,
abarrotado,-a, repleto,-a; (with facts,
information, etc) lleno,-a.
packet [pQkIt] n 1 (small box - gen) pa
quete m, cajita; (of cigarettes) paquete m,
cajetilla; (envelope) sobre m. 2 fam (large
amount of money) dineral m.
packing [pQkIN] n (material) embalaje m.
pact [pQkt] n pacto.
pad [pQd] n 1 (cushioning) almohadilla,
cojinete m. 2 (inkpad) tampn m. 3 (of
paper) taco, bloc m. 4 (of animal) almo
hadilla. 5 (platform) plataforma. c o m p
knee pad rodillera. y sanitary pad
compresa.
P vt (chair, etc) acolchar, rellenar, gua
tear; (garment) poner hombreras a.
pt & pp padded, ger padding.
paddle1 [pQdl] n (oar) pala, remo.
P vt(boat, canoe) remar con pala.
P viremar con pala.
paddle2 [pQdl] vi (walk or play in water)
mojarse los pies, chapotear.
P n chapoteo.
paddling pool [pQdlINpUl] n piscina
para nios, piscina infantil.
padlock [pQdlk] n candado.
P vt cerrar con candado.
padre [padreI] n (priest) padre m.
paedophile [pidfaIl] n pedfilo,-a.
pagan [peIgn] adj pagano,-a.
P n pagano,-a.
page1 [peIdZ] n (of book) pgina; (of news-
paper) plana, pgina. l o c on the front
page en primera plana.
page2 [peIdZ] n 1 (boy servant, at wedding)
paje m; (in hotel, club) botones m. 2 hist
escudero.
 pagoda
pagoda [pgUd] n pagoda.
paid [peId] pp & pt pay.
P adj (purchase, holiday) pagado,-a;
(work) remunerado,-a.
pail [peIl] n cubo.
pain [peIn] n 1 (physical) dolor m: Ive got
a pain in my stomach me duele el estma
go. 2 (mental suffering) sufrimiento, do
lor m. 3 (annoying thing) lata, fastidio;
(person) pesado,-a, pelmazo. l o c to be
a pain in the neck ser un,-a pesado,-a.
P vt doler, dar pena a, apenar.
P n pl pains (effort) esfuerzos mpl.
, Pain no significa 'pena (tristeza)', que
se traduce por grief, sorrow.
painful [peInfUl] adj (physically) do
loroso,-a; (mentally) angustioso,-a.
painkiller [peInkIlr] n calmante m.
painless [peInls] adj 1 (without pain)
indoloro,-a, sin dolor. 2 (without dis-
tress) sencillo,-a, sin complicaciones.
paint [peInt] n pintura: a tin of paint una
lata de pintura. l o c Wet paint Re
cin pintado.
P vt (gen) pintar: were going to paint the
walls yellow vamos a pintar las paredes de
amarillo.
P vi pintar: she paints in oils pinta al leo.
paintbrush [peIntbrS] n 1 (for walls, etc)
brocha. 2 (artists) pincel m.
painter [peIntr] n 1 art pintor,-ra. 2
(decorator) pintor,-ra de brocha gorda.
painting [peIntIN] n 1 art (picture) pin
tura, cuadro. 2 (activity) pintura.
pair [per] n 1 (of shoes, socks, gloves, etc)
par m; (of cards) pareja: a pair of brown eyes
dos ojos castaos. 2 (of people, animals)
pareja. l o c in pairs de dos en dos.
c o m p a pair of scissors unas tijeras. y a
pair of trousers unos pantalones.
P vt (people) emparejar; (animals) aparear.
P vi (animals) aparearse.
pajamas [pdZQmz] n pl us pyja panorama [pQnrAm] n (view) pano
mas.
Pakistan [pAkIstAn] n Pakistn m.
Pakistani [pAkIstAnI] adj pakistan.
Pn pakistan mf.
pal [pQl] n fam amigo,-a, colega mf.
palace [pQls] n palacio.
272
Palaeolithic [pQlIUlITIk] adj paleolti
co,-a.
palate [pQlt] n (gen) paladar m.
pale [peIl] adj (complexion, skin) plido,-a;
(colour) claro,-a, plido,-a; (light) dbil.
l o c to turn pale ponerse plido,-a.
P vi palidecer.
Paleolithic [pQlIUlITIk] adj us Pal
aelothic.
Palestine [pQlIstaIn] n Palestina.
Palestinian [pQlIstInIn] adj palesti
no,-a.
Pn palestino,-a.
palette [pQlt] n paleta.
palfrey [plfrI] n palafrn m.
palm1 [pAm] n bot (tree) palmera; (leaf)
palma. comp palm tree palmera.
palm2 [pAm] n anat palma.
pamphlet [pQmflt] n folleto.
pan [pQn] n (saucepan) cacerola, cazue
la, cazo; (cooking pot) olla.
Panama [pQnm] n Panam.
Panamanian [pQnmeInIn] adj pana
meo,-a.
P n panameo,-a.
pancake [pQnkeIk] n tortita, crepe f.
pancreas [pQNkrIs] n pncreas m.
panda [pQnd] n (oso) panda m.
pane [peIn] n cristal m, vidrio.
panel [pQnl] n 1 (of door, wall, car body,
etc) panel m; (on ceiling) artesn m. 2 (of
controls, instruments) tablero. 3 (group of
people) panel m; (team) equipo.
panic [pQnIk] n pnico: panic spread
throughout the crowd el pnico cundi en
tre la gente. l o c to get into a panic de
jarse llevar por el pnico.
P vt infundir pnico a.
P vi entrarle el pnico a, aterrarse.
pt & pp panicked, ger panicking.
panic-stricken [pQnIkstrIkn] adj pre
so,-a de pnico, aterrorizado,-a.
rama m.
panoramic [pQnrQmIk] adj panor
mico,-a.
pant [pQnt] vi jadear, resoplar.
pantheon [pQnTIn] n arch panten m.
panther [pQnTr] n pantera.

pantomime [pQntmaIm] n 1 (mime)
pantomima. 2 gb (play) representacin
musical navidea basada en cuentos de hadas.
" Es una representacin teatral cmica y
musical que se hace por Navidades y que
suele contar historias tradicionales como,
por ejemplo, Aladdin (Aladino y la lmpa-
ra maravillosa), Puss in Boots (El gato con
botas) o Cinderella (La Cenicienta).
pantry [pQntrI] n despensa.
pl pantries.
pants [pQnts] n pl 1 gb (underpants -
mens) calzoncillos mpl; (- womens) cal
zn f. 2 us (trousers) pantaln m, panta
lones mpl.
papaya [ppaI] n papaya.
paper [peIpr] n 1 (material) papel m:
take a sheet of paper coge una hoja de pa
pel. 2 (newspaper) peridico, diario. 3
(examination) examen m. 4 (essay, written
work) trabajo (escrito); (for conference)
ponencia. l o c on paper por escrito.
c o m p paper mill fbrica de papel. y pa
per money papel m moneda. y paper
shop quiosco.
P vt empapelar.
P n pl papers (documents) documentos mpl.
, Paper no significa 'papel (en el teatro
o el cine)', que se traduce por role, part.
paperclip [peIpklIp] n clip m.
paprika [pQprIk] n pimentn m dulce.
Papua [pQpjU] n Papa. c o m p Papua
New Guinea Papa Nueva Guinea.
Papuan [pQpjUn] adj pap,-a.
P n pap,-a.
parabola [prQbl] n math parbola.
parachute [pQrSUt] n paracadas m.
P vi saltar en paracadas.
parade [preId] n 1 (procession) desfile
m: fashion parade desfile de modelos. 2
mil desfile m.
P vt 1 mil hacer desfilar. 2 (flaunt - knowl-
edge, wealth) alardear, hacer alarde de.
P vi 1 (gen) desfilar. 2 mil pasar revista.
, Parade no significa 'parada (deten
cin)', que se traduce por stop.
paradise [pQrdaIs] n paraso.
273 parietal
paradox [pQrdks] n paradoja.
paraffin [pQrfIn] n gb queroseno.
comp paraffin wax parafina.
paragraph [pQrgrAf] n prrafo. comp
full stop, new paragraph punto y aparte.
Paraguay [pQrgwaI] n Paraguay.
Paraguayan [pQrgwaIn] adj para
guayo,-a.
P n paraguayo,-a.
parallel [pQrlel] adj 1 paralelo,-a (to/
with , a). 2 fig (similar) paralelo,-a
(to/with, a), anlogo,-a (to/with, a).
P n 1 math paralela. 2 geog paralelo. 3
(similarity) paralelo, paralelismo.
paralyse [pQrlaIz] vt (gen) paralizar.
paralysis [prQlsIs] n 1 med parlisis f.
2 fig paralizacin f.
paralytic [pQrlItIk] adj med paralti
co,-a.
P n med paraltico,-a.
parameter [prQmItr] n parmetro.
paranoia [pQrnI] n paranoia.
paraplegia [pQrplidZ] n med para
pleja.
parasite [pQrsaIt] n parsito,-a.
parasol [pQrsl] n sombrilla.
paratrooper [pQrtrUpr] n mil para
caidista mf.
parcel [pAsl] n 1 (package) paquete m.
2 (piece of land) parcela. l o c parcel post
servicio de paquetes postales.
parchment [pAtSmnt] n pergamino.
pardon [pAdn] n 1 (forgiveness) perdn P
m. 2 jur indulto. l o c I beg your pardon!
fml perdone! y I beg your pardon? fml
cmo dice?
P vt 1 (forgive) perdonar: pardon me for
interrupting perdone que le interrumpa.
2 jur indultar. c o m p pardon? (for repeti-
tion) cmo dice?, cmo? y pardon
me! (sorry) perdn!, perdone!, Vd.
perdone!
parent [pernt] n (father) padre m;
(mother) madre f.
P n pl parents padres mpl.
, Parent no significa 'pariente', que se
traduce por relative.
parietal [praItl] adj parietal.
parish
parish [pQrIS] n 1 rel parroquia. 2 gb
(civil) municipio.
parishioner [prISnr] n feligrs,-esa.
park [pAk] n parque m, jardn m pblico.
P vt (car) aparcar, estacionar: Im parked
opposite he aparcado enfrente.
P vi aparcar, estacionar.
parking [pAkIN] n (act) estacionamien
to. l o c No parking Prohibido esta
cionar. c o m p parking meter parqume
tro.
parliament [pAlmnt] n (assembly)
parlamento.
Pn Parliament gb (body) Parlamento;
(period) legislatura.
parlor [pAlr] adj us parlour.
parlour [pAlr] n 1 us (shop) saln m,
tienda. 2 dated (room in house) saln m.
c o m p parlour game juego de saln.
parody [pQrdI] n parodia.
pl parodies.
P vt parodiar.
pt & pp parodied, ger parodying.
parole [prUl] n libertad f condicional.
P vt poner en libertad condicional.
parquet [pAkeI] n parqu m.
parrot [pQrt] n loro, papagayo.
parsimonious [pAsImUIs] adj fml
mezquino,-a, tacao,-a.
, Parsimonious no significa 'parsimo
nioso (lento)', que se traduce por slow.
parsley [pAslI] n perejil m.
parsnip [pAsnIp] n chiriva.
part [pAt] n 1 (gen) parte f: we spent part
of the day on the beach pasamos parte del
da en la playa. 2 (component) pieza. 3 (of
serial, programme) captulo. 4 (measure)
parte f. 5 (in play, film) papel m: she plays
the part of Scarlett hace el papel de Scar
lett. 6 (role, share, involvement) papel m,
parte f: I want no part in your dodgy deals
no quiero saber nada de tus negocios su
cios. l o c for my part por mi parte, en
cuanto a m. y in part en parte. y the
best part of / the better part of la ma
yor parte de, casi todo,-a. y to play a
part in desempear un papel en.
P adv en parte.
P adj parcial.
274
P vt(separate) separar (from, de).
P vi1 (separate) separarse; (say goodbye)
despedirse: they parted as friends se se
pararon amistosamente. 2 (open - lips,
curtains) abrirse.
P n pl parts (area) zona, parajes mpl.
a to part with vt insep desprenderse
de, separarse de.
partial [pASl] adj 1 (not complete) par
cial. 2 (biased) parcial. l o c to be partial
to sth ser aficionado,-a a algo.
participant [pAtIsIpnt] n (gen) partici
pante mf; (in competition) concursante mf.
participate [pAtIsIpeIt] vi participar
(in, en).
participation [pAtIsIpeISn] n partici
pacin f.
participle [pAtIsIpl] n participio.
particle [pAtIkl] n partcula.
particular [ptIkjUlr] adj 1 (special) parti
cular, especial: for no particular reason por
nada en especial. 2 (specific) concreto,
particular. 3 (fussy) exigente, especial.
P n pl particulars (of event, thing) detalles
mpl; (of person) datos mpl personales.
, Particular no significa 'particular (pri
vado)', que se traduce por private.
particularly [ptIkjUllI] adv especial
mente, particularmente.
partly [pAtlI] adv en parte.
partner [pAtn r] n 1 (in an activity)
compaero,-a; (in dancing, tennis, cards,
etc) pareja. 2 comm socio,-a, asocia
do,-a. 3 (spouse) cnyuge mf; (husband)
marido; (wife) mujer f; (in relationship)
pareja, compaero,-a.
partnership [pAtnSIp] n 1 comm (com-
pany) sociedad f. 2 (working relationship)
asociacin f.
partridge [pAtrIdZ] n perdiz f.
pl partridges o partridge.
part-time [pAttaIm] adj (work, job) de
media jornada, a tiempo parcial.
P advmedia jornada, a tiempo parcial.
part-timer [pAttaImr] n trabajador,
-ra a tiempo parcial.
party [pAtI] n 1 (celebration) fiesta: birth-
day party fiesta de cumpleaos. 2 pol
partido. 3 (group) grupo.
pl parties.

P adj 1 (dress) de fiesta; (mood, atmos-
phere) festivo,-a. 2 pol (member, leader)
del partido.
P vi (go to parties) ir a fiestas; (have fun)
divertirse.
pt & pp partied, ger partying.
pass [pAs] n 1 geog (in mountains - gen)
puerto, paso (de montaa); (narrow)
desfiladero. 2 (official permit) pase m, per
miso. 3 (in exam) aprobado. 4 sp pase m.
c o m p bus pass abono de autobs.
P vt 1 (go past - gen) pasar; (person) cru
zarse con: I passed her in the street me
cruc con ella en la calle. 2 (overtake)
adelantar. 3 (cross - border, frontier) pa
sar, cruzar. 4 (give, hand) pasar: pass me
that screwdriver psame ese destornilla
dor. 5 sp (ball) pasar. 6 (exam, test, exami-
nee) aprobar; (bill, law, proposal, motion)
aprobar; (censor) pasar. 7 (time) pasar.
P vi 1 (go past - gen) pasar; (procession)
desfilar; (people) cruzarse: I was just
passing pasaba por aqu. 2 (overtake)
adelantar. 3 (move, go) pasar: we passed
through Zaragoza pasamos por Zaragoza.
4 sp hacer un pase. 5 (exam, test) apro
bar; (bill, motion) ser aprobado,-a. 6
(happen) ocurrir, acontecer, suceder:
it came to pass that sucedi que
a to pass away vi (die) pasar a mejor
vida.
a to pass by vi pasar: she watched the
people passing by miraba pasar a la gente.
P vt sep pasar de largo.
a to pass out vi 1 (faint) desmayarse.
2 mil graduarse.
P vt sep (distribute) repartir.
passage [pQsIdZ] n 1 (in street) pasaje m;
(alleyway) callejn m; (narrow) pasadizo.
2 (in building - corridor) pasillo. 3 (way,
movement - gen) paso; (of vehicle) trnsito,
paso. 4 (of time) paso, transcurso. 5
mar (journey) travesa, viaje m; (fare) pa
saje m. 6 (writing, music) pasaje m.
passenger [pQsIndZr] n pasajero,-a.
passer-by [pAsbaI] n transente mf.
pl passers-by.
passion [pQSn] n pasin f. comp passion
fruit granadilla, maracuy m.
passionate [pQSnt] adj apasionado,-a.
275 pasty
passionately [pQS ntlI] adv apasio
nadamente, fervientemente.
passive [pQsIv] adj (gen) pasivo,-a.
P n ling voz f pasiva.
passivity [pQsIvtI] n pasividad f.
passport [pAspt] n pasaporte m.
password [pAswd] n contrasea.
past [pAst] adj 1 (gone by in time) pasado,
-a; (former) anterior. 2 (gone by recently)
ltimo,-a: the past few days los ltimos das.
3 (finished, over) acabado,-a, terminado,-
a: summer is past el verano ha terminado. 4
ling pasado,-a. c o m p past participle par
ticipio pasado. y past tense pasado.
P n 1 (former times) pasado: in the past en
el pasado, antes, antiguamente. 2 (of per-
son) pasado; (of place) historia.
P prep 1 (farther than, beyond) ms all
de; (by the side of) por (delante de): its
just past the cinema est un poco ms all
del cine. 2 (in time) y: its five past six son
las seis y cinco. 3 (older than) ms de:
hes past forty pasa de los cuarenta (aos).
4 (beyond the limits of): its past my compre-
hension me resulta incomprensible.
P adv: a few joggers ran past pasaron unos
haciendo footing.
pasta [pQst] n pasta, pastas fpl.
paste [peIst] n 1 (mixture) pasta; (glue)
engrudo. 2 culin pasta, pat m.
P vt (stick) pegar; (put paste on) encolar.
pasteboard [peIstbd] n cartn m.
pastel [pQstl] n 1 (chalk) pastel m;
(drawing) dibujo al pastel. 2 (colour) co
lor m pastel.
P
P adj (drawing) al pastel; (colour, tone,
shade, etc) pastel.
, Pastel no significa 'pastel (tarta)', que
se traduce por cake, pie.
pastime [pAstaIm] n pasatiempo.
pastry [peIstrI] n 1 (dough) masa. 2
(cake) pasta, bollo.
pl pastries.
pasture [pAstSr] n pasto.
pasty1 [pQstI] n culin empanadilla.
pl pasties.
pasty2 [peIstI] adj 1 (pale) plido,-a. 2
(like paste) pastoso,-a.
comp pastier, superl pastiest.
 pat
pat [pQt] n 1 (tap) golpecito, palmadi
ta; (touch) toque m; (caress) caricia. 2 (of
butter) porcin f.
P vt (tap) dar palmaditas a; (touch) to
car; (caress) acariciar.
pt & pp patted, ger patting.
patch [pQtS] n 1 (to mend clothes) remien
do, parche m. 2 (over eye) parche m. 3
(area on surface - gen) trozo, lugar m, zo
na; (- of colour, damp, etc) mancha. 4 (plot
of land) parcela.
P vt (mend) remendar; (put patch on) po
ner un parche a.
patchwork [pQtSwk] n 1 labor f de
retales. 2 fig (of fields) mosaico.
P adj de retales.
pt [pQteI] n pat m.
patella [ptel] n rtula.
patent [peItnt] n comm patente f.
P adj (obvious) patente, evidente. c o m p
patent leather charol m.
P vt comm patentar.
paternity [ptnItI] n paternidad f. pavement [peIvmnt] n gb acera. 2 us
path [pAT] n 1 (track) camino, sendero:
keep to the path seguir el camino. 2 (course
of bullet, missile) trayectoria; (of flight)
rumbo. l o c to be on the right path ir
bien encaminado,-a.
pathetic [pTetIk] adj pattico,-a.
pathology [pTldZI] n patologa. pawn [pn] n (in chess) pen m. 2 (unim-
pathway [pATweI] n camino, sendero.
patience [peISns] n 1 (quality) pacien
cia: I lost my patience perd la paciencia. 2
(card game) solitario.
patient [peISnt] adj (person - gen) pa
ciente; (long-suffering) sufrido,-a: be pa-
tient with him ten paciencia con l.
P n paciente mf, enfermo,-a.
patiently [peISntlI] adv pacientemente.
patio [pQtIU] n patio.
pl patios.
patriarch [peItrIAk] n patriarca m.
patrician [ptrISn] adj patricio,-a.
Pn patricio.
patrimony [pQtrImnI] n patrimonio.
patriot [peItrIt] n patriota mf.
patriotic [pQtrItIk] adj patritico,-a.
patrol [ptrUl] n patrulla. l o c to be on
patrol patrullar, estar de patrulla.
276
P vt (area) patrullar por, estar de pa
trulla en.
pt & pp patrolled (us patroled), ger pa-
trolling (us patroling).
patron [peItrn] adj 1 (customer) cliente,
-a habitual, parroquiano,-a. 2 (spon-
sor) patrocinador,-ra, mecenas m .
c o m p patron saint patrn m.
, Patron no significa 'patrn (jefe)', que
se traduce por boss.
pattern [pQtn] n 1 (decorative design) di
seo, dibujo; (on fabric) diseo, estam
pado. 2 (way something develops) orden
m, estructura: behaviour pattern patrn
de conducta. 3 (example, model) ejemplo,
modelo. 4 (for sewing, knitting) patrn m;
(sample) muestra.
pause [pz] n 1 (gen) pausa; (silence) si
lencio; (rest) descanso. 2 mus pausa.
P vi (gen) hacer una pausa; (stop moving)
detenerse.
calzada, pavimento.
paving [peIvIN] n pavimento. c o m p
paving stone baldosa, losa.
paw [p] n 1 zool (foot) pata; (claw - of
big cats) zarpa, garra. 2 fam (persons
hand) manaza.
portant person) juguete m, marioneta,
ttere m.
pawnshop [pnSp] n casa de empe
os.
pawpaw [pp] n papaya.
pay [peI] n (wages) paga, sueldo, sala
rio. c o m p pay phone telfono pblico.
P vt 1 (gen) pagar; (bill, debt) pagar, sal
dar: I paid him 10 pounds to mend my bike
le pagu 10 libras para que me arreglara
la bici. 2 (make, give - attention) prestar;
(homage, tribute) rendir; (respects) presen
tar, ofrecer; (compliment, visit, call) hacer.
3 fin (make, give - interest, dividends) dar. 4
(be worthwhile) compensar, convenir:
itll pay you to keep your mouth shut te con
viene no decir ni po. l o c to pay atten
tion prestar atencin.
P vi 1 (gen) pagar: you dont have to pay to
go in no hay que pagar para entrar. 2 fig

(suffer) pagar (for, -): hell pay for this! me
las pagar! 3 (be profitable - business, etc) ser
rentable, ser factible. 4 (be worthwhile)
compensar, convenir. l o c to get paid
cobrar. y to pay in advance pagar por
adelantado. y to pay cash / pay in cash
pagar al contado, pagar en efectivo.
to pay back vt sep 1 (money) devolver,
a tured person) inculto,-a, palurdo,-a.
reembolsar; (loan, mortgage) pagar. 2
fig (take revenge on) hacer pagar a: Ill pay
you back for this! te har pagar por esto!
a to pay off vt sep 1 (debt) saldar, liqui
dar, cancelar; (loan) pagar; (mortgage)
acabar de pagar. 2 (worker) dar el fini
quito a.
P vi (be successful) dar resultado; (prove
worthwhile) valer la pena.
pt & pp paid [peId].
payment [peImnt] n 1 (paying) pago. 2
(instalment) plazo.
payroll [peIrUl] n nmina.
pea [pi] n guisante m.
peace [pis] n 1 (not war) paz f. 2 (tranquil-
lity) paz f, tranquilidad f: I just want a bit
of peace and quiet solo quiero un poco de
paz y de tranquilidad. l o c at peace / in
peace en paz. y to make ones peace
with sb hacer las paces con algn.
peaceful [pisfUl] adj 1 (non-violent) pac
fico,-a. 2 (calm) tranquilo,-a.
peacefully [pisfUlI] adv (quietly) tran
quilamente; (non violently) pacfica
mente.
peacetime [pistaIm] n tiempos mpl de
paz.
peach [pitS] n 1 (fruit) melocotn m. 2
(colour) (color m) melocotn m.
P adj de color melocotn. c o m p peach
tree melocotonero.
peacock [pikk] n pavo real.
peak [pik] n 1 geog (of mountain) pico;
(summit) cima, cumbre f. 2 fig (highest
point) cumbre f, punto lgido; (climax)
apogeo. 3 (of cap) visera. l o c peak
hours horas fpl punta.
P adj (maximum) mximo,-a.
P vi alcanzar el punto mximo.
peaked [pikt] adj (cap) con visera.
peanut [pint] n cacahuete m.
277 peel
Pn pl peanuts (small amount) una mise
ria.
pear [per] n (fruit) pera. comp pear tree
peral m.
pearl [pl] n perla.
peasant [peznt] adj campesino,-a, rural.
Pn 1 (gen) campesino,-a. 2 pej (uncul-
pebble [pebl] n guija, guijarro, china.
peck [pek] n (of bird) picotazo; (kiss) be
sito.
P vt (bird) picotear; (kiss) dar un besito a.
P vi (bird) picotear (at, -).
pectin [pektIn] n pectina.
pectoral [pektrl] adj pectoral.
peculiar [pIkjUlIr] adj 1 (strange) extra
o,-a, raro,-a; (unwell) indispuesto,-a.
2 (particular) caracterstico,-a (to, de),
propio,-a (to, de).
pedagogy [pedgdZI] n pedagoga.
pedal [pedl] n (gen) pedal m. c o m p pedal
bin cubo de la basura con pedal.
P vi pedalear.
pt & pp pedalled (us pedaled), ger ped-
alling (us pedaling).
pedalo [pedlU] n patn m.
pl pedalos o pedaloes.
peddle [ped l] vt comm vender de
puerta en puerta.
pederast [pedrQst] n pederasta m.
pedestal [pedIstl] n pedestal m.
pedestrian [pdestrIn] n peatn,
-ona. c o m p pedestrian crossing paso de P
peatones. y pedestrian precinct zona
peatonal.
P adj (dull) pedestre.
pediatrician [pidIQtrISn] n us paedi
atrician.
pedigree [pedIgri] n (of animals) pedigr
m; (of people) linaje m.
P adj de raza.
pedophile [pidfaIl] n us paedophile.
pee [pi] n fam pis m, pip m.
P vi fam hacer pis, hacer pip.
peel [pil] n (skin - gen) piel f; (- of orange,
lemon, etc) corteza, cscara, monda,
mondadura.
P vt pelar, quitar la piel de.
 peeler
P vi (skin) pelarse; (paint) desconchar
se; (wallpaper) despegarse.
peeler [pilr] [also potato peeler] n pe
lapatatas m.
peep1 [pip] n (look) ojeada, vistazo.
P vi espiar, mirar a hurtadillas.
peep2 [pip] n (noise) po: I dont want to
hear another peep out of you! que no te oi
ga decir ni po!
peephole [piphUl] n mirilla.
peer [pIr] vi (look closely) mirar deteni
damente (at, -).
peg [peg] n 1 (for hanging clothes on) per
cha, colgador m. 2 tech clavija.
P vt 1 (clothes) tender (out, -); (tent) fijar
con estacas (down, -). 2 (prices) fijar,
estabilizar.
pt & pp pegged, ger pegging.
pejorative [pdZrtIv] adj peyorati
vo,-a, despectivo,-a.
pelican [pelIkn] n pelcano.
pelvis [pelvIs] n pelvis f.
pen1 [pen] n (gen) pluma; (ballpoint) bol
grafo m.
P vt (write - gen) escribir.
pt & pp penned, ger penning.
. Pen es el nombre general que se da a
cualquier instrumento que escriba con
tinta, por ejemplo, la estilogrfica (foun-
tain pen), el bolgrafo (ballpoint pen) o
el rotulador (felt tip pen).
pen2 [pen] n corral m.
penal [pinl] adj penal.
penalty [penltI] n 1 (gen) pena, casti
go; (fine) multa. 2 sp (gen) castigo
(mximo); (football) penalti m. 3 (disad-
vantage) desventaja, inconveniente m.
pl penalties.
pence [pens] n penny
pencil [pensl] n lpiz m: write in pencil
escribir con lpiz. c o m p pencil case plu
mero, estuche m de lpices. y pencil
sharpener sacapuntas m.
pending [pendIN] adj (waiting to be decided
or settled) pendiente; (imminent)
prximo,-a, inminente.
P prep (while awaiting) en espera de.
278
penetrate [penItreIt] vt 1 (gen) pene
trar en; (clothing) atravesar, traspasar;
(organization) infiltrarse en. 2 (under-
stand) penetrar, entender.
P vi (sink in) causar impresin.
penfriend [penfrend] n amigo,-a por
correspondencia.
penguin [peNgwIn] n pingino.
penicillin [penIsIlIn] n penicilina.
peninsula [pnInsjUl] n pennsula.
penis [pinIs] n anat pene m.
pl penises o penes [pinis].
penknife [pennaIf] n cortaplumas m,
navaja.
pl penknives [pennaIvz].
pennant [pennt] n bandern m.
penny [penI] n 1 gb penique m: a fifty
pence piece una moneda de cincuenta pe
niques. 2 us centavo.
pl penises o pence [pens].
pennyroyal [penIrIl] n poleo.
pension [penSn] n pensin f.
pensioner [penSnr] n jubilado,-a,
pensionista mf.
pentagon [pentgn] n pentgono.
" El Pentagon (Pentgono) es la sede de
la secretara de Defensa de los Estados
Unidos y es sinnimo del podero militar
del pas. Fue uno de los objetivos de los fa
mosos atentados perpetrados con aviones
de pasajeros el 11 de septiembre de 2001.
pentathlon [pentQTln] n pentatln m.
penthouse [penthaUs] n tico.
penultimate [pInltImt] adj penl
timo,-a.
people [pipl] n pl 1 (gen) gente f, perso
nas fpl: a lot of people mucha gente; over a
hundred people ms de cien personas; peo-
ple say that dicen que, se dice que 2
(citizens) ciudadanos mpl; (inhabitants) ha
bitantes mpl. c o m p old people los viejos
mpl, los ancianos mpl, la gente f mayor.
y the common people la gente f corrien
te. y young people los jvenes mpl, la
juventud f, la gente f joven.
P n (nation, race) pueblo, nacin f.
P vt poblar.
. Consulta tambin person.

pepper [pep ] n 1 (spice) pimienta. 2
r
(vegetable) pimiento.
P vt culin echar pimienta a.
peppermint [pepmInt] n 1 bot men
ta. 2 (sweet) caramelo de menta.
per [pr] prep por: 100 miles per hour 100
millas por hora. l o c as per de acuerdo
con, segn. y per annum por ao, al
ao. y per cent por ciento.
perceive [psiv] vt (see) percibir, ver;
(notice) notar; (realize) darse cuenta de.
, To perceive no significa 'percibir (di
nero)', que se traduce por receive.
percentage [psentIdZ] n porcentaje m.
perception [psepSn] n 1 (sense) per
cepcin f. 2 (insight) perspicacia, agu
deza. 3 (way of understanding) idea.
perch1 [ptS] n (fish) perca.
pl perch o perches.
perch2 [ptS] n 1 (for bird) percha. 2 (high
position) posicin f elevada, posicin f
privilegiada; (pedestal) pedestal m.
P vi (bird) posarse (on, en); (person) sen
tarse (on, en).
percolator [pkleIt r] n cafetera
elctrica.
percussion [pkSn] n percusin f.
percussionist [pekSnIst] n percusio
nista nf.
perennial [prenIl] adj perenne.
perfect [(adj) pfIkt; (vb) pfekt] adj 1
(gen) perfecto,-a. 2 (absolute, utter - fool)
perdido,-a, redomado,-a; (- gentleman)
consumado; (- waste of time) autnti
co,-a: hes a perfect stranger to me me es to
talmente desconocido. 3 ling perfecto,-a.
P n ling perfecto.
P vt perfeccionar.
perfection [pfekSn] n 1 (state, quality)
perfeccin f. 2 (act) perfeccionamien
to. l o c to do sth to perfection hacer al-
go a la perfeccin.
perfectionist [pfekSnIst] n perfec
cionista mf.
perfectly [pfektlI] adv 1 (exactly, fault-
lessly) perfectamente. 2 (absolutely) to
talmente.
perform [pfm] vt 1 (task) ejecutar,
llevar a cabo; (function) desempear,
279 permanent
hacer, cumplir. 2 (piece of music) inter
pretar, tocar; (song) cantar; (play) re
presentar, dar; (role) interpretar.
P vi 1 (actor) actuar; (singer) cantar; (mu-
sician) tocar, interpretar; (dancer) bai
lar. 2 (machine) funcionar, marchar;
(person) trabajar.
performance [pfmns] n 1 (of task)
ejecucin f, realizacin f; (of function,
duty) ejercicio. 2 (session - at theatre) re
presentacin f, funcin f; (- of circus,
show, etc) nmero, espectculo. 3 (ac-
tion - of song, of musician) interpretacin f;
(- of play) representacin f; (- of actor)
interpretacin f, actuacin f. 4 (of ma-
chine) funcionamiento.
performer [pfmr] n (gen) artista mf,
actor m, actriz f; (musician) intrprete mf.
perfume [pfjUm] n perfume m.
P vt perfumar.
perhaps [phQps] adv quiz, tal vez:
perhaps theyve got lost quiz se hayan per
dido.
perimeter [prImItr] n permetro.
period [pIrId] n 1 (length of time) pero
do, periodo. 2 (epoch) poca. 3 geol pe
rodo. 4 educ (lesson) clase f. 5 (menstrua-
tion) regla, perodo. 6 us (full stop) punto.
P adj (dress, furniture) de poca.
periodic [pIrIdIk] adj peridico,-a.
c o m p periodic table chem tabla peridica.
periodical [pIrIdIkl] adj peridico,-a.
P n publicacin f peridica.
peripheral [prIfrl] adj 1 (zone, etc) pe P
rifrico,-a. 2 (secondary) secundario,-a.
periphery [prIfrI] n 1 (of city) perife
ria. 2 (of society) margen m.
periscope [perIskUp] n periscopio.
perish [perIS] vi 1 (die) perecer, fallecer.
2 (decay) estropearse.
P vt (rubber) deteriorar.
perishable [perISbl] adj perecedero,-a.
peritonitis [perItnaIts] n med perito
nitis f.
perm [pm] n fam (in hair) permanente f.
permanent [pmnnt] adj 1 (lasting -
gen) permanente; (dye, ink) indeleble;
(damage) irreparable. 2 (job, address)
fijo,-a.
 permission 280

permission [pmIS n] n (gen) permiso;

personally [psnlI] adv 1 (in person)
(authorization) autorizacin f. l o c to ask personalmente, en persona. 2 (for my
for permission to do sth pedir permiso part) personalmente. 3 (as a person) co
para hacer algo. mo persona. l o c to take sth personally
permit [(n) pmIt; (vb) pmIt] n permiso. ofenderse.
P vt (gen) permitir; (authorize) autorizar: personify [psnIfaI] vt personificar.
he was not permitted access to the meeting pt & pp personified, ger personifying.
no se le permiti la entrada a la reunin. perspective [pspektIv] n 1 art pers
P vi permitir: weather permitting si el pectiva. 2 fig (view, angle) perspectiva.
tiempo lo permite. persuade [psweId] vt persuadir, con
pt & pp permitted, ger permitting. vencer: shes easily persuaded se deja
permutation [pmjUteISn] n 1 math convencer fcilmente.
permutacin f. 2 gb fam (in football pools) persuasion [psweIZn] n 1 (act) per
combinacin f. suasin f. 2 (ability) persuasiva.
perpendicular [ppndIkjUl r] adj 1 perturb [ptb] vt perturbar.
math perpendicular (to, a). 2 (upright) Peru [prU] n Per.
vertical. Peruvian [prUvIn] adj peruano,-a.
P n perpendicular f.
P n (person) peruano,-a.
perpetuity [ppItjUtI] n perpetuidad f. perversion [pvSn] n 1 (sexual) per
perplexity [ppleksItI] n perplejidad f. versin f. 2 (distortion) tergiversacin f,
persecution [psIkjUSn] n persecu distorsin f.
cin f. perversity [pvsItI] n (wickedness) per
perseverance [psIvIrns] n perse versidad f; (stubbornness) terquedad f.
verancia. pl perversities.
persistent [psIstnt] adj 1 (person) in pessimist [pesImIst] n pesimista mf.
sistente. 2 (cough, pain, fog) persistente; pessimistic [pesImIstIk] adj pesimista.
(rain) continuo,-a, persistente; (denials, pest [pest] n 1 plaga: greenfly and other
rumours, warnings) continuo,-a, cons pests pulgones y otras plagas. 2 fam (person)
tante, repetido,-a. pelma mf, pesado,-a; (thing) lata, rollo.
person [psn] n 1 (gen) persona: hes a
really nice person es una persona muy sim
, Pest no significa 'peste (mal olor)', que
se traduce por stink.
ptica. 2 ling persona. l o c in person
personalmente. pester [pestr] vt molestar.
.El plural ms usual es people, pero per- pesticide [pestIsaId] n pesticida.
sons se emplea en el lenguaje jurdico. pet [pet] n (tame animal) animal m de
compaa, mascota. c o m p teachers
personal [psnl] adj 1 (private) perso pet enchufado,-a.
nal, privado,-a: for personal reasons por P adj 1 (kind person) sol, cielo; (term of affec-

motivos personales. 2 (own) particular, tion) cario, cielo. 2 (tame) domestica

personal. 3 (individual) personal. 4 do,-a. 3 (favourite - theory, subject, etc) favori
(physical - appearance) personal; (hygiene) to,-a. c o m p pet name nombre m carioso.
ntimo,-a, personal. 5 (in person) en y pet shop tienda de animales.
persona. l o c to get personal hacer P vt (animal) acariciar.

alusiones personales. c o m p personal P vi fam tocarse y besuquearse.

computer ordenador personal. pt & pp petted, ger petting.

personality [psnQlItI] n 1 (nature) petal [petl] n ptalo.
personalidad f. 2 (famous person) perso petiole [petIUl] n pecolo.
naje m. petition [ptISn] n 1 peticin f, solici
pl personalities. tud f. 2 jur demanda.

P vt presentar una solicitud a.
P vi solicitar (for, -).
petrochemical [petrUkemIkl] adj pe
troqumico,-a.
petrol [petrl] n gasolina.
c o m p petrol
pump surtidor m de gasolina. y petrol
station gasolinera.
, Petrol no significa 'petrleo', que se
traduce por oil.
petroleum [ptrUlIm] n petrleo.
comp petroleum jelly vaselina.
petticoat [petIkUt] n (underskirt) ena
guas fpl; (slip) enagua, combinacin f.
petty [petI] adj 1 (trivial) insignificante,
sin importancia. 2 (mean) mezquino,
-a. c o m p petty cash dinero para gastos
mpl menores.
comp pettier, superl pettiest.
petulant [petjUlnt] adj malhumora
do,-a.
, Petulant no significa 'petulante', que
se traduce por vain.
pew [pjU] n banco de iglesia.
phalange [fQlQndZ] n falange f.
phallus [fQls] n falo.
phantom [fQntm] n (ghost) fantasma m.
P adj (imaginary) ilusorio,-a.
Pharaoh [ferU] n faran m.
pharmaceutical [fAmsjUtIkl] adj
farmacutico,-a.
pharmacist [fAmsIst] n farmacuti
co,-a.
pharmacy [fAmsI] n farmacia.
pl pharmacies.
. Drugstore (US) tambin se usa para el
establecimiento donde se expenden me
dicamentos y drogas de uso mdico.
pharyngitis [fQrIndZaItIs] n faringitis f.
pharynx [fQrINks] n faringe f.
phase [feIz] n (gen) fase f; (stage) etapa.
P vt escalonar, realizar por etapas.
pheasant [feznt] n faisn m.
phenomenon [fInmInn] n fenmeno.
pl phenomenons o phenomena
[fInmIn].
philately [fIlQtlI] n filatelia.
281 photosynthesis
philharmonic [fIlAmnIk] adj filar
mnico,-a.
Philippine [fIlIpin] adj filipino,-a.
Philippines [fIlIpinz] n Filipinas.
philology [fIlldZI] n filologa.
philosopher [fIlsfr] n filsofo,-a.
philosophical [fIlsfIkl] adj filos
fico,-a.
philosophy [fIlsfI] n filosofa.
phobia [fUbI] n fobia.
Phoenician [fniSn] adj fenicio,-a.
Pn1 (person) fenicio,-a. 2 (language) fe
nicio.
P n fenicio,-a.
phone [fUn] n fam telfono. c o m p
phone book listn m, gua telefnica. y
phone box cabina telefnica. y phone
call llamada telefnica. y phone num
ber nmero de telfono.
P vt llamar (por telfono), telefonear.
P vi llamar (por telfono), telefonear.
phonecard [fUnkAd] n tarjeta telef
nica.
phonetic [fnetIk] adj fontico,-a.
phonetics [fnetIks] n fontica.
phosphorus [fsfrs] n fsforo.
photo [fUtU] n fam foto f.
photocopier [fUtUkpIr] n fotoco
piadora.
photocopy [fUtUkpI] n fotocopia.
pl photocopies.
P vt fotocopiar.
pt & pp photocopied, ger photocopying.
photoelectric [fUtUIlektrIk] adj fo
P
toelctrico,-a. c o m p photoelectric cell
clula fotoelctrica, fotoclula.
photograph [fUtgrAf] n fotografa,
foto f: colour photograph fotografa en co
lor. l o c to take a photograph of sth/sb
fotografiar algo/a algn, hacer/sacar/
tomar una fotografa de algo/algn.
P vt fotografiar.
photographer [ftgrfr] n fotgra
fo,-a.
photographic [fUtgrQfIk] adj foto
grfico,-a.
photography [ftgrfI] n fotografa.
photosynthesis [fUtUsInTsIs] n fo
tosntesis f.
 phrasal verb
phrasal verb [freIz lvb] n verbo
compuesto.
. Los phrasal verbs son verbos segui
dos de una partcula (adverbio, preposi
cin) cuyo significado es muy distinto del
significado del verbo por si solo. Existen
multitud de phrasal verbs y su traduc
cin suele plantear bastantes problemas
a los estudiantes de ingls. En algunos ca
sos, el verbo es separable, es decir, se pue
den colocar complementos entre el verbo
y la partcula, y en otros no.
phrase [freIz] n 1 ling frase f, locucin
f. 2 (expression) frase f, expresin f.
P vt (express) expresar.
physical [fIzIkl] adj 1 (gen) fsico,-a,
material. 2 (of physics) fsico,-a. 3 fam
euph (rough) duro,-a: it was a very physical
game fue un partido muy duro. l o c
physical education educacin f fsica.
y physical geography geografa fsica.
P n (medical examination) reconocimien
to mdico.
physician [fIzISn] n mdico,-a.
physicist [fIzIsIst] n fsico,-a.
physics [fIzIks] n fsica.
physiology [fIzIldZI] n fisiologa.
physiotherapist [fIzIUTerpIst] n fi
sioterapeuta mf.
physiotherapy [fIzIUTerpI] n fisio
terapia.
pianist [pInIst] n pianista mf.
piano [pIQnU] n (instrument) piano.
pl pianos.
piccolo [pIklU] n flautn m.
pl piccolos.
pick1 [pIk] n (tool) pico, piqueta.
pick2 [pIk] n (choice) eleccin f, seleccin
f: take your pick elige el que quieras, esco
ge el que quieras. c o m p the pick of the
bunch el/la mejor de todos,-as.
P vt 1 (choose - gen) elegir, escoger;
(team) seleccionar. 2 (flowers, fruit, cotton,
etc) coger, recoger. 3 (remove pieces from
- gen) escarbar, hurgar; (spots) tocarse.
4 (remove from - hair, etc) quitar. 5 (open -
lock) forzar, abrir con una ganza. 6
(of birds) picotear.
282
a to pick on vt insep (victimize) meterse
con; (choose for task) elegir, escoger.
to pick up vt sep 1 (lift) levantar; (from
a
floor) recoger; (take) coger; (telephone) le
vantar, contestar: dont forget to pick up
all your litter no se olviden de recoger toda
la basura. 2 (learn - language) aprender;
(- habit) adquirir, coger; (- news, gossip)
descubrir, enterarse de. 3 (illness, cold)
pescar, pillar. 4 (acquire, get) conseguir,
encontrar. 5 (collect - person) recoger,
pasar a buscar; (- hitchhiker) coger;
(- thing) recoger: Ill pick you up at 9.00 pm
te vendr a buscar a las nueve.
pickaxe [pIkQks] n gb pico, piqueta.
picket [pIkIt] n 1 (industry) piquete m. 2
(stick) estaca.
pickle [pIkl] vt encurtir, conservar en
vinagre.
P n pl pickles (vegetables) encurtidos mpl.
pickpocket [pIkpkIt] n carterista mf.
pick-up [pIkp] n (on record player) brazo
(del tocadiscos). c o m p pick-up truck
furgoneta, camioneta.
picnic [pIknIk] n picnic m.
P vi (go on a picnic) ir de picnic; (eat) ha
cer un picnic.
pt & pp picnicked, ger picnicking.
picnicker [pIknIkr] n excursionista mf.
picture [pIktSr] n 1 (painting) pintura,
cuadro; (portrait) retrato; (drawing) di
bujo, grabado; (illustration) ilustracin
f, lmina; (photograph) fotografa, foto f:
he painted her picture la retrat; I took a pic-
ture of them les saqu una foto. 2 (account,
description) descripcin f; (mental picture)
imagen f, idea, impresin f. 3 tv (qual-
ity of image) imagen f. 4 gb (film) pelcu
la. l o c to take a picture hacer una fo
to. c o m p picture book libro ilustrado. y
picture window ventanal m.
P vt 1 (imagine) imaginarse, verse: I cant
picture them married no me los imagino
casados. 2 (paint) pintar; (draw) dibujar.
P n pl the pictures gb el cine: we went to
the pictures fuimos al cine.
pie [paI] n culin (sweet) pastel m, tarta;
(savoury) pastel m, empanada.
piece [pis] n 1 (bit - large) trozo, pedazo;
(small) cacho; (of broken glass) fragmento.
 283
2 (part, component) pieza, parte f: a thirty-
piece dinner service una vajilla de treinta pie
zas. 3 (coin) moneda. 4 (in board games) fi
cha. 5 (in newspaper) artculo. 6 (item,
example of) pieza: a piece of advice un con
sejo; a piece of chalk una tiza; a piece of furni-
ture un mueble; a piece of news una noticia;
a piece of paper un papel; a piece of work un
trabajo. l o c in one piece (unharmed)
sano,-a y salvo,-a. y to be in pieces 1
(broken) estar hecho,-a pedazos. 2 (dis-
mantled) estar desmontado,-a. y to
break sth in pieces hacer algo pedazos.
pier [pIr] n 1 (landing place) muelle m,
embarcadero. 2 arch (pillar) pilar m,
estribo.
pierce [pIs] vt 1 (make hole in) perforar,
agujerear; (go through) atravesar, traspa
sar. 2 (of light, sound) penetrar, traspasar.
piercing [pIsIN] adj (sound) agudo,-a;
(scream) desgarrador,-ra; (look) pene
trante; (wind) cortante.
piety [paItI] n piedad f.
pig [pIg] n 1 zool cerdo, puerco, ma
rrano. 2 pej (ill-mannered person) cerdo,
puerco, cochino; (glutton) glotn,-ona,
tragn,-ona, comiln,-ona.
pigeon [pIdZIn] n (bird) paloma; (for eat-
ing) pichn m.
pigeonhole [pIdZInhUl] n casilla.
P vt encasillar.
piggy [pIgI] n cerdito. c o m p piggy bank
hucha (en forma de cerdito).
pl piggies.
piglet [pIglt] n cerdito, cochinillo.
pigment [pIgmnt] n pigmento.
pigsty [pIgstaI] n pocilga.
pl pigsties.
pigtail [pIgteIl] n coleta.
pilchard [pIltSd] n sardina.
pile1 [paIl] n 1 (heap) montn m, pila. 2
fam (a lot of) montn m, pila: Ive got a
pile of essays to mark tengo que corregir un
montn de redacciones.
P vt 1 (form a pile) amontonar, apilar.
2 (fill) llenar, colmar: the sink was piled
high with dishes el fregadero estaba lleno
de platos.
P n pl piles of montones mpl de.
pile2 [paIl] n arch pilote m, pilar m.
pineapple
pilgrim [pIlgrIm] n peregrino,-a.
pilgrimage [pIlgrImIdZ] n peregrina
cin f.
pill [pIl] n (gen) pldora, pastilla.
pillow [pIlU] n almohada.
pillowcase [pIlUkeIs] n funda de al
mohada.
pilot [paIlt] n 1 av piloto mf. 2 mar
prctico mf. 3 (TV or radio programme)
programa m piloto. c o m p pilot light pi
loto.
P adj piloto, experimental.
P vt 1 (ship, etc) pilotar. 2 (guide) dirigir.
3 (test) poner a prueba.
pimento [pImentU] n pimiento morrn.
pl pimentos.
pimp [pImp] n chulo, proxeneta mf.
pimple [pImpl] n (spot) grano.
pin [pIn] n 1 (gen) alfiler m. 2 (badge,
brooch) insignia, pin m, alfiler m. 3 tech
(peg, dowel) clavija, espiga. 4 elec polo:
a two-pin plug una clavija de dos patillas.
c o m p pins and needles hormigueo.
P vt 1 (garment, hem, seam) prender (con
alfileres); (papers, etc together) sujetar
(con un alfiler); (notice on board, etc) cla
var (up, -); (hair) recoger (up,-). 2 (per-
son) inmovilizar; (arms) sujetar.
P n pl pins fam (legs) patas fpl.
to pin up vt sep clavar (con chinche
a
tas), sujetar (con alfileres).
pt & pp pinned, ger pinning.
pinafore [pInfr] n (apron) delantal m.
comp pinafore dress pichi m. P
pinball [pInbl] n flipper m.
pincer [pInsr] n (of crab, etc) pinza.
P n pl pincers (tool) tenaza, tenazas fpl.
pinch [pIntS] n 1 (nip) pellizco. 2 (small
amount) pizca.
P vt1 (nip) pellizcar; (shoes) apretar. 2
fam (steal) birlar, afanar, robar.
, To pinch no significa 'pinchar', que se
traduce por to prick.
pine1 [paIn] n bot (tree, wood) pino.
P adj de pino. c o m p pine cone pia. y
pine nut pin m.
to pine away vi consumirse, morir
a
se de pena.
pineapple [paInQpl] n pia.
 ping-pong
ping-pong [pINpN] n tenis m de me
sa, ping-pong m.
pinion[pInIn] n tech pin m.
pink [pINk] adj (de color) rosa, rosa
do,-a. l o c to go pink / turn pink poner
se colorado,-a.
P n 1 (colour) (color m) rosa m. 2 bot cla
vel m, clavellina.
pint [paInt] n (measurement) pinta.
P n a pint fam (of beer) una cerveza, una
jarra. l o c to go for a pint ir a tomar
una cerveza.
. En Gran Bretaa equivale a 0,57 litros;
en Estados Unidos equivale a 0,47 litros.
pioneer [paInIr] n pionero,-a.
P vt (policy, industry) promover; (tech-
nique) iniciar.
pious [paIs] adj piadoso,-a.
pip1 [pIp] n (seed) pepita.
pip2 [pIp] n (sound) seal f (corta).
pipe [paIp] n 1 (for water, gas, etc) tubera,
caera, conducto. 2 (for smoking) pipa:
he smokes a pipe fuma en pipa.
P n pl pipes gaita f sing.
pipeline [paIplaIn] n (for water) tubera,
caera; (for gas) gasoducto; (for oil)
oleoducto.
piper [paIpr] n gaitero,-a.
piping [paIpIN] n tubera, caera.
piracy [paIrsI] n piratera.
piranha [pIrAn] n (fish) piraa.
pirate [paIrt] n pirata m.
P adj pirata.
P vt piratear.
pirouette [pIrUet] n pirueta.
Pisces [paIsiz] n piscis.
P vi hacer piruetas, piruetear.
piss [pIs] n sl meada.
P vi sl mear.
pistachio [pIstASIU] n pistacho. c o m p
pistachio tree pistachero.
pl pistachios.
pistil [pIstIl] n pistilo.
pistol [pIstl] n pistola.
piston [pIstn] n tech pistn m, mbolo.
pit1 [pIt] n 1 (hole) hoyo, foso; (grave) fo
sa. 2 (mine) mina, pozo. 3 (mark - on
284
metal, glass) seal f, marca; (- on skin) pi
cadura, cicatriz f. 4 theat (for orchestra)
foso de la orquesta.
P n pl the pits (in motor racing) los boxes mpl.
pit2 [pIt] n us (seed) pepita; (stone) hueso.
pitch1 [pItS] n 1 mus (of sound) tono; (of
instrument) diapasn m. 2 sp (field) cam
po, terreno; (throw) lanzamiento. 3
(degree, level) grado, punto, extremo.
4 (position, site) lugar m, sitio; (in market)
puesto. 5 mar (movement) cabezada. 6
(slope of roof) pendiente f.
P vt 1 mus (note, sound) entonar. 2 fig
(aim, address) dirigir (at, a); (set) dar un
tono a. 3 (throw) tirar, arrojar; (in base-
ball) lanzar. 4 (tent) plantar, montar;
(camp) montar.
P vi 1 (fall) caerse. 2 (ship, plane) cabe
cear. 3 sp (in baseball) lanzar.
pitch2 [pItS] n (tar) brea, pez f.
pitched [pItSt] adj (roof) en pendiente,
inclinado,-a. c o m p pitched battle bata
lla campal.
pitcher1 [pItSr] n (of clay) cntaro.
pitcher2 [pItSr] n sp ptcher mf, lanza
dor,-ra.
pitchfork [pItSfk] n agr horca.
pith [pIT] n 1 (of bone, plant) mdula; (of
orange) piel f blanca. 2 fig meollo.
pitiful [pItIfUl] adj 1 (arousing pity - sight)
lastimoso,-a; (cry) lastimero,-a. 2
(arousing contempt) lamentable.
pituitary [pItjUItrI] adj pituitario,-a.
l o c pituitary gland glndula pituitaria.
pity [pItI] n 1 (compassion) piedad f,
compasin f: she gave him some money
out of pity le dio dinero por compasin. 2
(regret) lstima, pena. l o c for pitys
sake! por amor de Dios! y what a
pity! qu lstima!, qu pena!
pl pities.
P vt (feel pity for) compadecerse de, te
ner lstima de, dar lstima.
pt & pp pitied, ger pitying.
pivot [pIvt] n 1 pivote m. 2 fig eje m.
pixel [pIksl] n pxel m.
pizza [pits] n pizza.
pizzeria [pitsrI] n pizzera.
placard [plQkAd] n pancarta.

place [pleIs] n 1 (particular position, part)
lugar m, sitio: we visited lots of different
places fuimos a muchos sitios diferentes.
2 (proper position) lugar m, sitio; (suitable
place) lugar m adecuado, sitio adecua
do: put the book back in its place devuelve
el libro a su sitio. 3 (building) lugar m, si
tio; (home) casa, departamento: lets go
to my place vamos a mi casa. 4 (in book)
pgina. 5 (seat) asiento, sitio; (at table)
cubierto. 6 (position, role, rank) lugar m;
(duty) obligacin f: if I were in your place
yo en tu lugar. 7 (in race, contest) puesto,
lugar m, posicin f; (in queue) turno. 8
(job) puesto; (at university, on course) pla
za; (on team) puesto. l o c all over the
place por todas partes, por todos la
dos. y in place en su sitio. y in place of
sb / in sbs place en el lugar de algn. y
out of place fuera de lugar. y to take
place tener lugar.
P vt 1 (put - gen) poner; (- carefully) colo
car: she placed the vase on the shelf puso el
florero en el estante. 2 (find home, job for)
colocar. 3 (rank, class) poner, situar. 4
(remember - face, person) recordar; (- tune,
accent) identificar. l o c to place an order
hacer un pedido.
placenta [plsent] n placenta.
pl placentas o placentae [plsenti].
plague [pleIg] n 1 (of insects, etc) plaga. 2
med peste f.
P vt 1 (pester) acosar, asediar. 2 (afflict)
afligir, asolar, plagar, atormentar.
plain [pleIn] adj 1 (clear) claro,-a, evi
dente: he made it quite plain lo dej muy
claro. 2 (straightforward) franco,-a,
directo,-a: tell me in plain language dme
lo en lenguaje corriente. 3 (simple, ordi-
nary) sencillo,-a; (without pattern) liso,-a.
4 (unattractive) poco agraciado,-a,
fecho,-a. 5 (chocolate) sin leche. l o c in
plain clothes vestido,-a de paisano.
P adv 1 (absolutely) totalmente. 2 (clear-
ly) claramente, francamente.
P n geog llanura.
plait [plQt] n trenza.
P vt trenzar.
plan [plQn] n 1 (scheme, arrangement) plan
m, proyecto: a change of plan un cambio
285 Plasticine
de planes. 2 (map, drawing, diagram) plano;
(design) proyecto; (for essay) esquema m.
P vt 1 (make plans) planear, proyectar,
planificar; (intend) pensar, tener pen
sado: they plan to get married next year
tienen planeado casarse el ao que vie
ne. 2 (make a plan of - house, garden, etc)
hacer los planos de, disear; (- econo-
my, strategy) planificar.
pt & pp planned, ger planning.
plane1 [pleIn] n 1 math (surface) plano. 2 fig
(level, standard) nivel m. 3 fam (aircraft)
avin m: they went by plane fueron en avin.
P adj plano,-a.
plane2 [pleIn] n (tool) cepillo.
P vt cepillar.
plane3 [pleIn] n (tree) pltano.
planet [plQnt] n planeta m.
planetarium [plQnIterIm] n plane
tario.
pl planetariums o planetaria
[plQnIterI].
plank [plQNk] n (of wood) tabln m, tabla.
plankton [plQNktn] n plancton m.
planning [plQnIN] n planificacin f.
plant1 [plAnt] n bot planta.
P vt 1 (flowers, trees) plantar; (seeds, vege-
tables) sembrar; (bed, garden, etc) plantar
( with, de). 2 (bomb) colocar; (blow)
plantar; (kiss) dar, plantar. 3 (ideas,
doubt) inculcar, meter.
plant2 [plAnt] n (factory) planta, fbrica;
(machinery) equipo, maquinaria.
plantation [plQnteIS n] n (for crops) P
plantacin f.
plasma [plQzm] n plasma m.
plaster [plAstr] n 1 (powder, mixture -
gen) yeso; (for walls) revoque m, enluci
do. 2 med escayola: hes got his arm in
plaster tiene el brazo escayolado.
P vt 1 (wall, ceiling) enyesar, enlucir. 2
(cover, spread) cubrir (with, de).
plastic [plQstIk] adj 1 (bag, cup, spoon, etc)
de plstico,-a. 2 (malleable) moldeable.
c o m p plastic surgery ciruga plstica. y
the plastic arts las artes fpl plsticas.
P n 1 plstico. 2 fam (credit cards) tarje
tas de crdito.
Plasticine [plQstIsin] n gb plastilina.
 plate
plate [pleIt] n 1 (dish, plateful) plato. 2
(sheet of metal, glass) placa; (thin layer) l
mina. 3 (illustration) grabado, lmina.
c o m p number plate matrcula. y plate
rack escurreplatos.
plateau [plQtU] n 1 geog meseta. 2
(state) estancamiento.
pl plateaus o plateaux [plQtUz].
platform [plQtfm] n 1 (gen) platafor
ma; (for speaker) tribuna, estrado; (for
band) estrado. 2 (railway) andn m, va.
platinum [plQtInm] n platino.
platonic [pltnIk] adj platnico,-a.
platoon [pltUn] n mil pelotn m.
platypus [plQtIps] n ornitorrinco.
play [pleI] n 1 (recreation) juego: children
at play nios jugando. 2 sp (action) juego;
(match) partido; (move) jugada. 3 theat
obra (de teatro), pieza (teatral).
P vt 1 (game, sport) jugar a. 2 sp (compete
against) jugar contra; (in position) jugar
de; (ball) pasar; (card) jugar; (piece) mo
ver. 3 mus tocar. 4 (joke, trick) gastar,
hacer. 5 theat (part) hacer el papel de,
hacer de; (play) representar, dar: she
plays the part of Juliet hace de Julieta. l o c
to play it cool hacer como si nada. y to
play the game jugar limpio.
P vi 1 (amuse oneself) jugar (at, a), (with,
con). 2 sp (at game) jugar. 3 theat (cast)
actuar, trabajar; (show) ser represen
tado,-a. 4 mus tocar.
to play about vi juguetear.
a pleasure ha sido un placer. y to have
a to play around vi (gen) juguetear;
(have affairs) tener los.
player [pleIr] n 1 sp jugador,-ra. 2
theat (actor) actor m; (actress) actriz f.
playful [pleIfUl] adj juguetn,-ona, tra
vieso,-a.
playground [pleIgraUnd] n patio de
recreo.
playhouse [pleIhaUs] n 1 (theatre) tea
tro. 2 (for children) casita.
playing card [pleIINkAd] n carta, nai
pe m.
playing field [pleIINfild] n campo de
portivo.
playmate [pleImeIt] n compaero,-a
de juego, amiguito,-a.
286
play-off [pleIf] n sp partido de de
sempate.
playpen [pleIpen] n parque m (para ni
os).
playtime [pleItaIm] n recreo.
plead [plid] vi suplicar (with, -).
P vt (give as excuse) alegar.
pleading [plidIN] adj (tone, voice, look) su
plicante.
P n splica, ruego.
pleasant [pleznt] adj 1 (gen) agradable;
(surprise) grato,-a. 2 (person) simptico,
-a, amable.
comp pleasanter, superl pleasantest.
please [pliz] vt (make happy, be agreeable
to) agradar, gustar, complacer; (satisfy)
contentar, complacer: you cant please
everyone no se puede complacer a todos.
P vi 1 (satisfy) contentar, complacer,
satisfacer. 2 (choose, want, like) querer:
you can do as you please puedes hacer lo
que quieras.
P interj por favor: quiet, please silencio,
por favor.
pleased [plizd] adj (happy) contento,-a;
(satisfied) satisfecho,-a. l o c pleased to
meet you! encantado,-a!, mucho gus
to!
pleasing [plizIN] adj agradable, grato,-a.
pleasure [pleZr] n placer m: its a pleasure
to be here es un placer estar aqu. l o c my
the pleasure of tener el placer de,
tener gusto de y with pleasure con
mucho gusto.
plebeian [plIbin] adj 1 hist plebeyo,
-a. 2 pej ordinario,-a.
plentiful [plentIfUl] adj abundante.
plenty [plentI] n abundancia.
P pron mucho,-a, muchos,-as: weve got
plenty of time tenemos tiempo de sobra.
pliers [plaIz] n pl alicates mpl, tenazas fpl.
plinth [plInT] n (of column, pillar) plinto;
(of statue) peana.
plod [pld] vi 1 (walk slowly) andar con
paso lento. 2 (work steadily) hacer labo
riosamente.
pt & pp plodded, ger plodding.

plot 1
[plt] n 1 (conspiracy) conspiracin
f, complot m. 2 (of book, film, etc) trama,
argumento.
P vt 1 (plan secretly) tramar, urdir. 2
(course, position) trazar.
P vi conspirar, tramar, maquinar.
pt & pp plotted, ger plotting.
plot2 [plt]
plough [plaU] n agr arado.
P vt (land, etc) arar.
plow [plaU] adj us plough.
plug [plg] n 1 (for bath, sink, etc) tapn m.
2 elec (on lead) enchufe m, clavija; (sock-
et) enchufe m, toma de corriente. 3
(publicity) publicidad f.
P vt 1 (hole, etc) tapar (up, -). 2 (publicize)
dar publicidad a, promocionar.
to plug away vt insep perseverar (at, en).
a
a to plug in vt sep enchufar.
P vi enchufarse.
a to plug into vt sep enchufar a.
pt & pp plugged, ger plugging.
plug-in [plgIn] n plug-in m, conector m.
plum [plm] n 1 (fruit) ciruela. 2 (colour)
color m ciruela. c o m p plum tree ciruelo.
P adj fam fantstico,-a.
to plumb in vt sep instalar, conectar.
a podium [pUdIm] n podio.
plumber [plmr] n fontanero,-a.
plumbing [plmIN] n 1 (occupation) fon
tanera. 2 (system) tubera, caera.
plump [plmp] adj regordete, rollizo,-a.
plunder [plndr] n 1 (action) pillaje m,
saqueo. 2 (loot) botn m.
P vt saquear, pillar.
plunge [plndZ] n 1 (dive) zambullida,
chapuzn m. 2 (fall) cada, descenso.
P vi 1 (dive) lanzarse, zambullirse; (fall)
caer, hundirse. 2 (drop - prices, etc) caer
en picado.
P vt (immerse) sumergir, hundir; (thrust) cla
var, meter; (in despair, poverty, etc) sumir.
plural [plUrl] adj plural.
P n plural m.
plus [pls] prep ms: four plus five is nine
cuatro ms cinco son nueve.
P adj 1 (ion, number) positivo,-a. 2 (and
more) ms de, algo ms de. 3 (advanta-
geous) positivo,-a.
P n 1 math (sign) signo ms. 2 (advan-
tage) ventaja, factor m positivo, pro.
287 point
Pluto [plUtU] n Plutn m.
plutonium [plUtUnIm] n plutonio.
to ply with vt sep (drink, food) no parar de
a
ofrecer; (questions) asediar a, acosar a.
ply [plaI] n (of wood) chapa; (of paper) capa.
pl plies.
plywood [plaIwUd] n contrachapado.
pm [piem] abbr (post meridiem) de la
tarde. it is 5.10 p.m. son las cinco y diez de
la tarde.
pneumatic [njUmQtIk] adj neumti
co,-a.
pneumonia [njUmUnI] n pulmona.
poach[pUtS] vt culin (fish) hervir; (eggs)
escalfar.
poacher [pUtSr] n (of game) cazador,-ra
furtivo,-a; (of fish) pescador,-ra furtivo,-a.
pocket [pkIt] n 1 (gen) bolsillo. 2 (small
area - of air) bolsa; (- of resistance) foco.
P adj (dictionary, camera, etc) de bolsillo.
l o c pocket money (for children) paga,
semanada.
pocketknife [pkItnaIf] n navaja.
pl pocketknives.
pod [pd] n bot vaina.
pl podiums o podia [pUdI].
poem [pUm] n poema m, poesa.
poet [pUt] n poeta mf.
poetic [pUetIk] adj potico,-a.
poetry [pUtrI] n poesa.
point [pInt] n 1 (sharp end - of knife, nail,
pencil) punta. 2 (place) punto, lugar m: P
meeting point punto de encuentro. 3 (mo-
ment) momento, instante m: at this point
en este momento. 4 (state, degree) punto,
extremo. 5 (on scale, graph, compass) pun
to; (on thermometer) grado. 6 sp (score, mark)
punto, tanto. 8 (item, matter, idea, detail)
punto. 9 (central idea, meaning) idea, sig
nificado: youve missed the point no has
captado la idea. 10 (purpose, use) sentido,
propsito: whats the point? para qu? 11
(quality, ability) cualidad f. 12 geog punta,
cabo. 13 math (in geometry) punto (de
interseccin). 14 (in decimals) coma: five
point six cinco coma seis. l o c to come to
the point ir al grano. c o m p point of view
punto de vista.
 pointed
P vi 1 (show) sealar: the girl pointed at
the clown la nia seal al payaso con el
dedo. 2 fig (indicate) indicar.
P vt 1 (with weapon) apuntar. 2 (direct)
sealar, indicar.
to point out vt sep 1 (show) sealar. 2
a surance) pliza (de seguros).
(mention) sealar, hacer notar; (warn)
advertir.
. En el sistema ingls, los millares se se
paran con una coma y los decimales con
un punto, as que tres mil ochocientos
treinta y cinco se escribira 3,835 y treinta y
ocho coma veinticinco se escribira 38.25.
pointed [pIntId] adj puntiagudo,-a,
en punta.
pointless [pIntls] adj (meaningless) sin
sentido; (useless) intil.
poison [pIzn] n veneno.
P vt (harm, kill - person, animal) envene
nar; (make ill) intoxicar; (river) conta
minar.
poisoning [pIznIN] n envenenamiento.
poisonous [pIzns] adj 1 (plant, berry,
snake) venenoso,-a; (drugs, gas) txico,
-a. 2 fig pernicioso,-a.
poke [pUk] n (jab) empujn m, golpe
m; (with elbow) codazo; (with sharp object)
pinchazo.
poker [pUkr] n (card game) pquer m.
Poland [pUlnd] n Polonia.
polar [pUlr] adj polar. c o m p polar bear
oso polar.
polarity [pUlQrItI] n polaridad f.
pl polarities.
Pole [pUl] n polaco,-a.
pole1 [pUl] n (stick, post) poste m, prti
ga. comp pole vault salto con prtiga.
pole2 [pUl] n (electrical, geographical) polo. l o c
to be poles apart ser polos opuestos.
police [plis] n pl (body) polica f sing; (of-
ficers) policas mpl. comp police station
comisara.
. Recuerda que el verbo que acompaa a
police va en plural.
policeman [plismn] n polica m,
agente m de polica, guardia m.
pl policemen [plismn].
288
policewoman [pliswUmn] n poli
ca, agente f de polica, guardia.
pl policewomen [pliswImIn].
policy [plIsI] n 1 pol poltica. 2 (course
of action, plan) poltica, estrategia. 3 (in-
pl policies.
polish [plIS] n 1 (for furniture) cera (para
muebles); (for shoes) betn m; (for floors)
cera, abrillantador m (de suelos); (for
nails) esmalte m. 2 (shine) lustre m, bri
llo. 3 fig (refinement) refinamiento, bri
llo.
P vt (floor, furniture) sacar brillo a, ence
rar; (shoes) limpiar; (silver, cutlery) sacar
brillo a; (nails) pintar con esmalte;
(stone) pulir.
Polish [pUlIS] adj polaco,-a.
P n 1 (person) polaco,-a. 2 (language) po
laco.
P n pl the Polish los polacos mpl.
polite [plaIt] adj corts, educado,-a,
cumplido,-a, correcto,-a: he was very
polite to me me trat con cortesa.
comp politer, superl politest.
politely [plaItlI] adv cortsmente,
educadamente, correctamente.
politeness [plaItns] n cortesa, edu
cacin f.
political [plItIkl] adj (gen) poltico,-a.
politician [plItISn] n poltico,-a.
politics [plItIks] n 1 (gen) poltica: hes
active in politics es militante (poltico). 2
(science) ciencias fpl polticas.
P n pl (view, opinions) ideas fpl polticas.
polka [plk] n (dance) polca. c o m p pol
ka dot lunar m.
poll [pUl] n 1 (voting) votacin f. 2 (sur-
vey) encuesta, sondeo.
P vt 1 (votes - obtain) obtener. 2 (ask opin-
ion) sondear, encuestar.
P n pl the polls las elecciones fpl, los
comicios mpl. l o c to go to the polls
acudir a las urnas.
pollen [pln] n polen m.
pollination [plIneI1n] n poliniza
cin f.
polling [pUlIN] n votacin f. c o m p poll
ing station colegio electoral.
pollute [plUt] vt contaminar.

pollution [plUS n] n contamina
cin f.
polo [pUlU] n sp polo.
polo-neck [pUlUnek] adj (sweater) de
cuello alto, de cuello cisne.
polyester [plIestr] n polister m.
polygamy [plIgmI] n poligamia.
polygon [plIgn] n polgono.
polytechnic [plIteknIk] n escuela po
litcnica, politcnico.
pond [pnd] n estanque m.
pony [pUnI] n pney m, poni m.
pl ponies.
ponytail [pUnIteIl] n cola de caballo.
pool1 [pUl] n 1 (of water, oil, blood, etc)
charco; (of light) foco. 2 (pond) estan
que m; (in river) pozo.
pool2 [pUl] n 1 (common fund of money)
fondo comn; (in gambling) bote m. 2
(common supply of services) servicios mpl
comunes. 3 us (snooker) billar m ameri
cano.
P vt (funds, money) reunir, juntar; (ideas,
resources) poner en comn.
P n pl the pools las quinielas fpl.
poor [pUr] adj 1 (person, family, country)
pobre. 2 (inadequate) pobre, escaso,-a;
(bad quality) malo,-a; (inferior) inferior:
youve got a poor memory tienes mala me
moria. 3 (unfortunate) pobre: poor Edward
el pobre Edward.
P n pl the poor los pobres mpl.
poorly [pUlI] adj (ill) indispuesto,-a.
P adv (badly) mal: poorly dressed mal
vestido,-a.
pop1 [pp] n 1 (of cork) taponazo. 2 fam
(drink) gaseosa.
P vt 1 (burst) hacer reventar; (cork) ha
cer saltar. 2 (put) poner, meter.
P vi 1 (burst) estallar, reventar; (cork)
saltar. 2 (go quickly) ir rpidamente.
pt & pp popped, ger popping.
pop2 [pp] n fam (music) msica pop.
c o m p pop art pop-art m. y pop star es
trella del pop.
popcorn [ppkn] n palomitas fpl de
maz.
pope [pUp] n papa m.
poplar [pplr] n bot lamo.
289 Portugal
poppy [ppI] n amapola.
pl poppies.
popular [ppjUlr] adj 1 (well-liked - gen)
popular; (- person) estimado,-a; (- resort,
restaurant) muy frecuentado,-a; (fash-
ionable) de moda: shes popular with her
workmates les cae muy bien a sus compa
eras de trabajo. 2 (of or for general public)
popular; (prices) popular, econmi
co,-a.
popularity [ppjUlQrItI] n populari
dad f.
population [ppjUleIS n] n pobla
cin f.
porcelain [pslIn] n porcelana.
P adj de porcelana.
porch [ptS] n 1 (of church) prtico; (of
house) porche m, entrada. 2 us (veranda)
terraza.
porcine [psaIn] adj porcino,-a.
porcupine [pkjUpaIn] n puerco es
pn.
pore [pr] n anat poro.
pork [pk] n carne f de cerdo. c o m p
pork butcher charcutero,-a.
pornography [pngrfI] n porno
grafa.
porridge [prIdZ] n gachas fpl de ave
na.
port1 [pt] n (harbour, town) puerto.
P adj portuario,-a.
port2 [pt] n (left side) babor m.
portable [ptbl] adj porttil. P
porter [ptr] n 1 (in hotel, block of flats)
portero,-a; (in public building, school) con
serje m; (in hospital) camillero. 2 (at sta-
tion, airport) mozo, maletero.
portion [pSn] n (gen) porcin f, parte
f; (of food) racin f.
to portion out
a
portrait [ptreIt] n retrato.
portray [ptreI] vt 1 (painting) repre
sentar, retratar. 2 (describe) describir,
retratar. 3 (act) interpretar.
portrayal [ptreIl] n 1 (painting) repre
sentacin f. 2 (description) descripcin f.
3 (acting) interpretacin f.
Portugal [ptjUgl] n Portugal.
 Portuguese
Portuguese [ptjgiz] adj portugus, possible [psIbl] adj posible.
-esa.
P n 1 (person) portugus,-esa. 2 (lan-
guage) portugus m.
P n pl the Portuguese los portugueses mpl.
pose [pUz] n 1 (position, stance) postura,
actitud f. 2 pej (affectation) pose f, afec
tacin f.
P vt (problem, question, etc) plantear;
(threat) representar.
P vi 1 (for painting, photograph) posar. 2 pej
(behave affectedly) presumir, hacer pose.
l o c to pose as hacerse pasar por.
posh [pS] adj 1 gb fam (place, area) ele
gante, de lujo; (accent) refinado,-a. 2
gb fam (upper-class) pijo,-a.
position [pzISn] n 1 (place) posicin f.
2 (right place) sitio, lugar m: they manoeu-
vred the piano into position colocaron el
piano en su lugar. 3 (posture) postura,
posicin f. 4 (on scale, in competition) po
sicin f, lugar m, puesto; (social standing)
categora social, posicin f. 5 (job)
puesto. 6 (situation, circumstances) situa
cin f, lugar m. 7 (opinion, point of view)
postura, posicin f. 8 sp posicin f.
P vt (put in place) colocar, poner.
positive [pzItIv] adj 1 (gen) positivo,
-a. 2 (definite - proof, evidence) concluyen
te, definitivo,-a; (- refusal, decision) cate
grico,-a; (- instruction, order) preciso,-a.
3 (effective - criticism, advice) constructi
vo,-a; (- attitude, experience) positivo,-a.
4 (quite certain) seguro,-a (about, de):
Im absolutely positive estoy segursimo.
P n positivo.
possess [pzes] vt 1 (own) poseer, tener.
2 (take over - anger, fear) apoderarse de.
possession [pzeSn] n 1 (ownership) po
sesin f, poder m. 2 (thing owned) bien
m, posesin f.
possessive [pzesIv] adj 1 (person) po
sesivo,-a; (selfish) egosta. 2 ling pose
sivo,-a.
P n ling posesivo.
possessor [pzesr] n poseedor,-ra.
possibility [psIbIlItI] n 1 (likelihood)
posibilidad f. 2 (something possible) posi
bilidad f.
pl possibilities.
290
l o c as
much as possible todo lo posible. y as
soon as possible cuanto antes, lo antes
posible.
Pn posible candidato,-a.
possibly [psIblI] adv 1 (reasonably, con-
ceivably) posiblemente: you cant possibly
have finished already! no es posible que ya
hayas acabado! 2 (in requests): could you
possibly give me a lift to the station? me po
dra llevar a la estacin? 3 (perhaps) posi
blemente, quizs.
post1 [pUst] n (of wood) estaca, poste m.
post2 [pUst] n 1 (job) puesto, empleo;
(important position) cargo. 2 mil puesto.
P vt 1 mil destinar, apostar. 2 (employ-
ee) destinar, mandar.
post3 [pUst] n gb (mail) correo; (collec-
tion) recogida; (delivery) reparto: its in
the post ya est enviado.
P vt 1 gb (send - letter, parcel) mandar por
correo, echar al correo; (put in postbox)
echar al buzn. c o m p post office Co
rreos, oficina de correos.
postage [pUstIdZ] n franqueo, porte m.
postal [pUstl] adj postal.
postbag [pUstbQg] n 1 (sack) saca (de
correos). 2 gb (letters) correspondencia.
postbox [pUstbks] n gb buzn m.
postcard [pUstkAd] n tarjeta postal f.
postcode [pUstkUd] n gb cdigo
postal.
poster [pUstr] n pster m, cartel m.
postgraduate [pUstgrQdjUt] n post
graduado,-a.
P adj de postgrado.
postman [pUstmn] n cartero.
pl postmen [pUstmn].
postmark [pUstmAk] n matasellos m.
P vt timbrar, matasellar.
postpone [pspUn] vt posponer.
posture [pstSr] n 1 (position of body)
postura, pose f. 2 (attitude) postura.
P vi hacer poses, adoptar poses.
postwar [pUstwr] adj de la posguerra.
postwoman [pUstwUmn] n cartera.
pl postwomen [pUstwImIn].
pot [pt] n 1 culin (container) pote m, ta
rro; (for cooking) olla, puchero; (earthen-

ware) vasija; (teapot) tetera; (coffee pot)
cafetera. 2 (of paint) bote m. 3 (flowerpot)
maceta, tiesto.
P vt (plant) plantar en una maceta.
P n the pot (in card games) el bote.
potassium [ptQsIm] n potasio.
potato [pteItU] n patata.
pl potatoes.
potential [ptenSl] adj potencial.
Pn potencial m.
potholer [pthUlr] n gb espelelo trol, influence, authority) poder m; (of country)
go,-a.
potholing [pthUlIN] n gb espeleolo
ga.
potter [ptr] n alfarero,-a.
pottery [ptrI] n alfarera.
potty [ptI] n orinal m.
pl potties.
pouch [paUtS] n 1 (gen) bolsa (peque
a); (for tobacco) petaca. 2 zool bolsa
abdominal.
poultry [pUltrI] n aves fpl de corral.
pounce [paUns] n salto.
P vi saltar ( on, sobre), abalanzarse
(on, sobre).
pound1 [paUnd] vt 1 (crush) machacar. 2
(strike, beat) aporrear, golpear.
P vi 1 (strike, beat) aporrear (at/on, -),
golpear ( at/on , -); (of waves) batir
(against, contra). 2 (heart) palpitar, la
tir con fuerza.
pound2 [paUnd] n 1 fin libra: a five-
pound note un billete de cinco libras. 2
(weight) libra: half a pound of tomatoes
media libra de tomates.
. Como medida de peso equivale a 454 gr.
pound3 [paUnd] n (enclosure - for dogs) pe
rrera; (- for cars) depsito.
pour [pr] vt (liquid) verter, echar; (sub-
stance) echar; (drink) servir: she poured
the orange juice into a jug verti el zumo de
naranja en una jarra.
P vi1 (blood) manar, salir; (water, sweat)
chorrear. 2 fig moverse en tropel. c o m p
to pour (down/with rain) llover a cnta
ros: its pouring est lloviendo a cntaros.
pouring [prIN] adj (rain) torrencial.
poverty [pvtI] n (gen) pobreza.
291 prairie
powder [paUd ] n (dust) polvo; (cosmet-
r
ic, medicine) polvos mpl.
P vt 1 (put powder on) poner polvos,
empolvar. 2 (pulverize) pulverizar, re
ducir a polvo.
power [paUr] n 1 (strength, force) fuerza;
(of sun, wind) potencia, fuerza; (of argu-
ment) fuerza. 2 (ability, capacity) poder m,
capacidad f: its beyond his power no est
en sus manos. 3 (faculty) facultad f. 4 (con-
podero, poder m: the power of the media
el poder de los medios de comunicacin.
5 (nation) potencia; (person, group) fuerza.
6 phys (capacity, performance) potencia; (en-
ergy) energa. 7 elec electricidad f, co
rriente f. 8 math potencia: six to the pow-
er of four seis elevado a la cuarta potencia.
P vt propulsar, impulsar: its powered by
electricity funciona con electricidad.
powerful [paUfUl] adj 1 (strong - athlete,
body, current) fuerte; (- blow, engine, ma-
chine) potente. 2 (influential - enemy, na-
tion, ruler) poderoso,-a. 3 (effective ) im
pactante.
powerless [paUls] adj impotente.
practical [prQktIkl] adj 1 (gen) prc
tico,-a. 2 (good with hands) hbil.
P n (lesson) clase f prctica. c o m p practi
cal joke broma.
practically [prQktIklI] adv 1 (almost) ca
si, prcticamente. 2 (in a practical way)
de manera prctica.
practice [prQktIs] n 1 (repeated exercise)
prctica; (training) entrenamiento: Im
P
out of practice me falta prctica. 2 (action,
reality) prctica: in practice en la prctica. 3
(custom, habit) costumbre f. l o c to be out
of practice haber perdido prctica.
P vt & vi us practise.
practise [prQktIs] vt 1 gb (do repeatedly -
language, serve, scales) practicar; (song, act)
ensayar. 2 gb (religion, belief, economy)
practicar. 3 gb (profession) ejercer.
P vi 1 gb (gen) practicar. 2 gb (sports
team) entrenar; (actors) ensayar. 3 gb
(professionally) ejercer (as, de/como).
pragmatic [prQgmQtIk] adj pragm
tico,-a.
prairie [prerI] n pradera, llanura.
 praise
praise [preIz] n 1 alabanza, elogio, loa.
2 rel alabanza.
P vt 1 elogiar. 2 rel alabar.
pram [prQm] n gb cochecito de nio.
prank [prQNk] n (trick) broma; (of child)
travesura. l o c to play a prank on sb ha
cer una broma a algn.
prawn [prn] n (large) langostino; (me-
dium) gamba; (small) camarn m.
pray [preI] vi rel orar, rezar.
prayer [prer] n rel (request) oracin f,
rezo, plegaria; (action) oracin f, rezo.
preach [pritS] vt 1 rel (gospel) predicar; (ser-
mon) dar, hacer. 2 (advocate) aconsejar.
P vi rel predicar.
preacher [pritSr] n predicador,-ra.
precaution [prIkSn] n precaucin f.
precedent [presIdnt] n precedente m.
preceding [prIsidIN] adj anterior.
precinct [prisINkt] n 1 (of cathedral, hospi-
tal, etc) recinto. 2 gb (part of town) zona.
P n pl precincts recinto m sing.
, Precinct no significa 'precinto', que se
traduce por seal.
precious [preSs] adj 1 (jewel, stone, metal)
precioso,-a. 2 (moment, memory, posses-
sion) preciado,-a, querido,-a. c o m p pre
cious little poqusimo,-a.
, Precious no significa 'precioso (boni
to)', que se traduce por beautiful.
precipice [presIpIs] n precipicio.
precipitation [prIsIpIteISn] n 1 fml
(haste) precipitacin f. 2 meteor preci
pitacin.
precise [prIsaIs] adj preciso,-a.
precisely [prIsaIslI] adv (exactly) preci
samente; (accurately) con precisin.
l o c precisely! exacto!, eso es!
precision [prIsIZn] n precisin f.
precocious [prIkUSs] adj precoz.
precooked [prikUkt] adj precocinado,-a.
predator [predtr] n zool depredador m.
predecessor [pridIsesr] n predece
sor,-ra, antecesor,-ra.
predict [prIdIkt] vt predecir.
prediction [prIdIkSn] n prediccin f.
292
predominate [prIdmIneIt] vi predo
minar.
prefect [prifekt] n 1 (official) prefecto. 2
gb (in school) monitor,-ra.
prefer [prIfr] vt preferir: she prefers cof-
fee to tea prefiere el caf al t.
pt & pp preferred, ger preferring.
preferable [prefrbl] adj preferible
(to, a).
preference [prefrns] n preferencia
(for, por).
prefix [prifIks] n ling prefijo.
pregnancy [pregnnsI] n embarazo.
pl pregnancies.
pregnant [pregnnt] n (woman) embara
zada; (animal) preada: shes six months
pregnant est embarazada de seis meses.
preheat [prihit] vt precalentar.
prehistoric [prihIstrIk] adj prehist
rico,-a.
prehistory [prihIstrI] n prehistoria.
prejudice [predZdIs] n 1 (unfavourable
bias) prejuicio; (favourable) predisposi
cin f.
P vt 1 (influence, bias) predisponer
(against, contra), (in favour of, a favor
de). 2 (harm) perjudicar.
prejudiced [predZUdIst] adj parcial.
premature [premtjUr] adj (gen) pre
maturo,-a.
premiere [premIer] n estreno.
premises [premIsIz] n pl local m. l o c on
the premises dentro del local.
preoccupy [prikjUpaI] vt (worry)
preocupar; (think about too much) pensar
demasiado en.
pt & pp preoccupied, ger preoccupying.
preparation [prepreISn] n 1 (action)
preparacin f. 2 (substance) preparado.
P n pl preparations preparativos mpl
(for, para).
preparatory [prIpQrtrI] adj prepara
torio,-a, preliminar.
prepare [prIper] vt (gen) preparar; (re-
port) redactar.
P vi prepararse (for, para).
prepared [prIped] adj 1 (gen) prepara
do,-a. 2 (willing) dispuesto,-a (to, a).
preposition [prepzISn] n preposicin f.

prescribe [prIskraIb] vt 1 (medicine, drugs,
etc) recetar; (holiday, rest) recomendar. 2
fml (order) prescribir.
prescription [prIskrIpS n] n receta
(mdica).
presence [prezns] n 1 (gen) presencia;
(attendance) asistencia. 2 (spirit) espritu m.
present1 [preznt] adj 1 (in attendance) pre
sente. 2 (current) actual. 3 ling presente.
P n (now) presente m, actualidad f. l o c
at present actualmente, en este mo
mento.
P n the present ling presente m. c o m p
present continuous presente conti
nuo. y present perfect presente perfec
to. y present tense presente.
present2 [(vb) prIzent; (n) preznt] vt 1
(make presentation) entregar, hacer entre
ga de; (give - as gift) regalar. 2 (offer - report,
petition, bill, cheque) presentar; (- argument,
ideas, case) presentar, exponer. 3 fml (offer
- apologies, respects) presentar; (- compli-
ments, greetings) dar. 4 (give - difficulty, prob-
lem) plantear; (constitute) suponer, consti
tuir, ser. 5 (introduce) presentar. 6 (play)
representar; (programme) presentar.
P n (gift) regalo; (formal) obsequio: he
gave me a present me hizo un regalo.
presentation [prez nteIS n] n 1 (of
awards, prizes, gifts) entrega. 2 (way of pre-
senting) presentacin f. 3 (of play) repre
sentacin f.
presenter [prIzentr] n (on radio) pre
sentador,-ra, locutor,-ra; (on TV) pre
sentador,-ra.
presently [prez ntlI] adv 1 gb (soon)
pronto, enseguida. 2 us (at present) ac
tualmente.
preservation [prezveISn] n (of wildlife)
conservacin f, preservacin f; (of food,
works of art, buildings) conservacin f.
preservative [prIzvtIv] n culin con
servante m.
preserve [prIzv] n culin (fruit) conser
va; (jam) confitura, mermelada.
P vt conservar, proteger.
preset [priset] vt programar.
pt & pp preset, ger presetting.
presidency [prezIdnsI] n presidencia.
pl presidencies.
293 pretty
president [prezId nt] n presidente,-a.
press [pres] n 1 (newspapers) prensa. 2 (ma-
chine) prensa, imprenta. 3 (act of pressing)
presin f; (of hand) apretn m; (act of iron-
ing) planchado. c o m p press agency agen
cia de prensa. y press conference confe
rencia de prensa, rueda de prensa.
P vt 1 (push down - button, switch) pulsar,
apretar, presionar; (- accelerator) pisar;
(- key on keyboard) pulsar; (- trigger) apre
tar. 2 (squeeze - hand) apretar. 3 (crush -
fruit) exprimir, estrujar; (- grapes, olives,
flowers) prensar. 4 (clothes) planchar,
planchar a vapor. 5 (record) imprimir.
6 (urge, put pressure on) presionar, ins
tar; (insist on) insistir en, exigir.
P vi 1 (push) apretar, presionar. 2
(crowd) apretujarse, apiarse. 3 (urge,
pressurize) presionar, insistir; (time)
apremiar.
pressing [presIN] adj urgente, apre
miante.
pressure [preSr] n 1 (gen) presin f. 5 (stress)
tensin f: hes under a lot of pressure est so
metido a una gran presin. c o m p pressure
cooker olla a presin, olla exprs.
prestige [prestiZ] n prestigio.
prestigious [prestIdZs] adj prestigio
so,-a.
presume [prIzjUm] vt suponer, imagi
narse, presumir: I presume so supongo
que s.
P vi 1 suponer. 2 (venture to) atreverse a.
, To presume no significa 'presumir (va P
nagloriarse)', que se traduce por to boast.
pretend [prItend] vt (feign) fingir, apa
rentar: the children pretended to be asleep
los nios fingan estar dormidos.
P vi (feign) fingir.
P adj (make-believe) de mentirijillas.
, To pretend no significa 'pretender',
que se traduce por to want to, to try to.
pretension [prItenSn] n pretensin f.
pretentious [prItenSs] adj pretencio
so,-a.
preterite [pretrIt] n ling pretrito.
pretty [prItI] adj (girl, baby) bonito,-a,
guapo,-a, mono,-a; (thing) bonito,-a
 prevailing
mono,-a: what a pretty little girl! qu ni
a ms bonita!
comp prettier, superl prettiest.
P adv bastante: Im pretty sure estoy bas
tante seguro,-a. l o c pretty much ms o
menos. y pretty well casi.
prevailing [prIveIlIN] adj predominante.
prevent [prIvent] vt (gen) impedir;
(avoid - accident) evitar; (- illness) preve
nir. l o c to prevent sb from doing sth im
pedir a algn hacer algo.
prevention [prIvenSn] n prevencin f.
preview [privjU] n preestreno.
previous [privIs] adj previo,-a, ante
rior: the previous day el da anterior.
prey [preI] n 1 (animal) presa. 2 fig pre
sa, vctima.
price [praIs] n 1 (gen) precio; (amount) im
porte m; (value) valor m: whats the price of
this jacket? qu precio tiene esta chaqueta?
2 fig (cost, sacrifice) precio. l o c at any price
a toda costa, cueste lo que cueste.
P vt (fix price of) tener un precio; (value)
valorar, tasar; (mark price on) poner el
precio a.
priceless [praIsls] adj que no tiene
precio, inestimable.
pricey [praIsI] adj fam caro,-a.
comp pricier, superl priciest.
prick [prIk] n (pain) pinchazo; (hole) agu
jero.
P vt (with needle, pin, fork) pinchar.
P vi (pin, thorn) pinchar; (itch, sting) esco
cer, picar.
prickly [prIklI] adj 1 (plant) espinoso,-a;
(animal) con pas; (wool, sweater) que pi
ca. 2 (irritable, touchy) enojadizo,-a, irri
table, difcil.
comp pricklier, superl prickliest.
pride [praId] n 1 (gen) orgullo; (self-re-
spect) amor m propio. 2 (arrogance) so
berbia, orgullo.
priest [prist] n sacerdote m, cura m.
priestess [pristes] n sacerdotisa.
priesthood [pristhUd] n (clergy) clero;
(office) sacerdocio.
primary [praImrI] adj 1 (main) princi
pal, fundamental. 2 (first, basic)
294
primario,-a. c o m p primary school es
cuela primaria.
primate [praImeIt] n zool primate m.
prime [praIm] adj 1 (main, chief) princi
pal, primero,-a. 2 (first-rate - meat) de
primera (calidad); (example, location) ex
celente.
P n (best time of life) flor f de la vida. c o m p
Prime Minister primer,-a ministro,-a.
P vt 1 (engine, pump, bomb) cebar; (surface,
wood) imprimar, preparar. 2 fig (person)
preparar, ensear.
primitive [prImItIv] adj (man, tribe, cul-
ture) primitivo,-a; (tool, method, shelter)
rudimentario,-a, primitivo,-a.
prince [prIns] n prncipe m.
princess [prInses] n princesa.
pl princesses.
principal [prInsIpl] adj principal.
P n 1 educ director,-ra. 2 theat prota
gonista mf, primera figura.
principle [prInsIpl] n 1 (basic idea, rule,
law) principio; (basis) base f. 2 (moral
rule) principio: its a matter of principle es
cuestin de principios.
print [prInt] n 1 (lettering) letra: in large
print en letra grande. 2 (photo) copia. 3
(printed fabric) estampado. 4 (mark - of
finger, foot) huella.
P vt 1 (book, page, poster, etc) imprimir;
(publish) publicar, editar. 2 (photo - neg-
ative) imprimir; (- copy) sacar una co
pia de. 3 (write clearly) escribir con le
tra de imprenta. 4 (fabric) estampar. 5
(make impression) marcar.
to print out vt sep imprimir.
a
printer [prIntr] n (person) impresor,-ra;
(machine) impresora.
printing [prIntIN] n (act, process) impre
sin f; (industry) imprenta. c o m p print
ing press prensa.
print-out [prIntaUt] n comput impre
sin f.
prior [praIr] adj anterior, previo,-a.
l o c prior to antes de.
priority [praIrItI] n prioridad f.
pl priorities.
P adj prioritario,-a.
prism [prIzm] n prisma.

prison [prIz n] n prisin f, crcel f: hes
in prison est en la crcel.
prisoner [prIznr] n (in jail) preso,-a,
recluso,-a; (captive) prisionero,-a.
privacy [praIvsI] n privacidad f.
private [praIvt] adj 1 (own, for own use -
property, house, class) particular; (- letter, in-
come) personal. 2 (confidential) privado,
-a, confidencial. 3 (not state-controlled)
privado,-a. 4 (not official) privado,-a,
personal. 5 (person) reservado,-a. c o m p
private eye detective mf privado,-a.
P n mil soldado raso.
privatize [praIvtaIz] vt privatizar.
privilege [prIvIlIdZ] n privilegio.
prize [praIz] n (gen) premio.
P adj (having won a prize) premiado,-a;
(excellent) de primera, selecto,-a.
probability [prbbIlItI] n probabili
dad f.
pl probabilities.
probable [prbbl] adj probable.
probably [prbblI] adv probablemen
te: itll probably rain es probable que llueva.
probation [prbeISn] n 1 jur libertad f
condicional. 2 (in employment) perodo
de prueba.
probe [prUb] n 1 med sonda. 2 (investi-
gation) investigacin f.
P vt 1 med sondar. 2 (investigate - gen) in
vestigar; (public opinion) sondear.
, To probe no significa 'probar (demos
trar o catar)', que se traducen por to prove
o to taste.
problem [prblm] n problema m: no
problem! no hay problema!, ningn pro
blema!
procedure [prsidZr] n (set of actions) pro
cedimiento; (step) trmite m, gestin f.
proceed [prsid] vi 1 (continue) seguir,
continuar. 2 (progress) marchar. 3 fml
(go along) avanzar, circular; (go towards)
dirigirse a.
, To proceed no significa 'proceder (ve
nir de)', que se traduce por to come from.
proceedings [prsidINz] n pl 1 (events at
meeting, ceremony, etc) actos mpl. 2
(lawsuit) proceso sing.
295 professional
process [prUses] n 1 (set of actions, chang-
es) proceso: the process of growing old el
envejecimiento. 2 (method) procedi
miento, proceso.
P vt 1 (raw material, food) procesar, tratar;
(film) revelar. 2 (deal with) ocuparse de,
tramitar. 3 comput procesar, tratar.
processing [prUsesIN] n 1 (treatment)
procesamiento, tratamiento; (of film)
revelado. 2 (in business, law) tramita
cin f. 3 comput procesamiento.
procession [prseSn] n 1 (gen) desfile
m. 2 rel procesin f.
processor [prUsesr] n 1 (for food) robot
m de cocina. 2 comput procesador m.
proclaim [prkleIm] vt proclamar, de
clarar.
procure [prkjUr] vt (obtain) conseguir,
obtener.
, To procure no significa 'procurar (in
tentar)', que se traduce por to try.
prodigy [prdIdZI] n prodigio.
pl prodigies.
produce [(vb) prdjUs; (n) prdjUs] vt 1
(gen) producir, fabricar. 2 (give birth to)
tener. 3 (show) ensear, presentar. 4
(cause) producir, causar. 5 (play) poner
en escena, dirigir.
P n productos mpl: produce of Spain pro
ductos de Espaa.
producer [prdjUsr] n 1 (gen) produc
tor,-ra, fabricante. 2 (play) director,-ra
de escena.
product [prdkt] n producto.
P
production [prdkSn] n 1 (gen) pro
duccin f, fabricacin f. 2 (of film) produc
cin f; (of play) produccin f, puesta
en escena. c o m p production line cade
na de montaje.
productive [prdktIv] adj produc
tivo,-a.
productivity [prdktIvItI] n producti
vidad f.
profession [prfeSn] n (occupation) pro
fesin f: hes a baker by profession es pana
dero de profesin.
professional [prfeSnl] adj (gen) pro
jur fesional.
P n profesional mf.
 professor
professor [prfs ] n 1 gb catedrtico,
r
-a. 2 us profesor,-ra universitario,-a.
proficiency [prfISnsI] n competen
cia.
profile [prUfaIl] n 1 (side view) perfil m.
2 (description) perfil m; (written) resea.
profit [prfIt] n 1 comm ganancia, be
neficio. 2 fml (advantage) provecho.
l o c to make a profit sacar beneficios,
tener ganancias.
profitable [prfItbl] adj 1 comm ren
table. 2 (beneficial) provechoso,-a.
profit-making [prfItmeIkIN] adj (busi-
ness) rentable; (charity) con fines lucra
tivos.
profound [prfaUnd] adj profundo,-a.
program [prUgrQm] n comput pro
grama m.
P vt comput programar.
pt & pp programmed, ger programming.
programme [prUgrQm] n (gen) pro
grama m; (plan) plan m.
P vt (gen) programar; (activities) planear.
programmer [prUgrQmr] n progra
mador,-ra.
programming [prUgrQmIN] n pro
gramacin f.
progress [(n) prUgres; (vb) prUgres] n
(advance) progreso, avance m; (develop-
ment) desarrollo.
P vi 1 (advance) progresar, avanzar,
adelantar; (develop) desarrollar. 2 (im-
prove) mejorar, hacer progresos. l o c
to be in progress (work) estar en curso,
estar en marcha.
progression [prgreSn] n 1 (develop-
ment) evolucin f, avance m. 2 (series)
serie f.
prohibit [prhIbIt] vt prohibir.
prohibition [prUIbISn] n prohibicin f.
project [(n) prdZekt; (vb) prdZekt] n 1
(gen) proyecto. 2 educ trabajo, estudio.
P vt 1 (gen) proyectar. 2 (extrapolate) ex
trapolar.
P vi sobresalir, resaltar.
projectile [prdZektaIl] n proyectil m.
projection [prdZekSn] n 1 (gen) pro
yeccin f. 2 (protuberance) saliente m,
resalto.
296
proletariat [prUlterIt] n proleta
riado.
prologue [prUlg] n prlogo.
prolong [prlN] vt prolongar, alargar.
promenade [prmnAd] n 1 gb (at seaside)
paseo martimo. 2 fml (walk) paseo.
prominent [prmInnt] adj (important)
importante; (projecting) prominente,
saliente.
promise [prmIs] n 1 (pledge) promesa.
2 (expectation, hope) esperanza, espe
ranzas fpl. l o c to break a promise rom
per una promesa. y to keep a promise
mantener una promesa.
P vt 1 prometer: you promised to help me
prometiste ayudarme. 2 (seem likely)
prometer.
P vi (gen) prometer; (swear) jurar:
I promise te lo prometo.
promote [prmUt] vt 1 (in rank) pro
mover, ascender. 2 (encourage) promo
ver, fomentar.
promotion [prmUSn] n promocin f.
prompt [prmpt] adj (quick) pronto,-a,
rpido,-a; (punctual) puntual.
P adv en punto.
P vt 1 (cause, incite) instar, incitar, mo
ver. 2 theat apuntar.
P n theat (line) apunte m.
promptly [prmptlI] adv rpidamente.
prone [prUn] adj (face down) boca aba
j o . l o c to be prone to st h s e r
propenso,-a a algo.
pronoun [prUnaUn] n ling pronombre m.
pronounce [prnaUns] vt 1 ling pro
nunciar. 2 (declare) declarar.
P vi pronunciarse (on, sobre).
pronunciation [prnnsIeISn] n pro
nunciacin f.
proof [prUf] n 1 (evidence) prueba. 2 (trial
copy, print) prueba.
propaganda [prpgQnd] n propa
ganda.
, Propaganda no significa 'propaganda
(publicidad)', que se traduce por advertising.
propagation [prpgeISn] n propaga
cin f.
propane [prUpeIn] n propano.

propel [prpel] vt propulsar, impulsar.
pt & pp propelled, ger propelling.
propeller [prpelr] n hlice f.
propelling pencil [prpelINpensl] n
portaminas m.
proper [prpr] adj 1 (suitable) adecua
do,-a, apropiado,-a; (correct) correcto,
-a. 2 fam (real, genuine) verdadero,-a, de
verdad. 3 fam (thorough) autntico,-a. 4
(respectable) correcto,-a, decente. c o m p
proper name / proper noun nombre
propio.
, Proper no significa 'propio (de uno)',
que se traduce por own.
properly [prplI] adv 1 (properly) bien,
adecuadamente. 2 (correctly) bien; (as
one should) como es debido.
property [prptI] n 1 (possessions, own-
ership) propiedad f. 2 (buildings, land)
propiedad f, bienes mpl; (estate) finca.
3 fml (building) inmueble m.
pl properties.
prophecy [prfsI] n profeca.
pl prophecies.
prophet [prfIt] n profeta m.
prophetic [prfetIk] adj proftico,-a.
proportion [prpSn] n 1 (ratio) propor
cin f. 2 (part) parte f; (porcentage) porcen
taje m. 3 (correct relation) proporcin f.
P n pl proportions dimensiones fpl ,
proporciones fpl.
proportional [prpSnl] adj propor
cional (to, a).
proposal [prpUzl] n propuesta.
propose [prpUz] vt 1 (suggest) propo
ner. 2 (intend) pensar.
P vi declararse, proponer matrimo
nio a.
prose [prUz] n lit prosa.
prosecute [prsIkjUt] vt jur procesar.
P vi jur (bring a charge) entablar una ac
cin judicial; (be prosecutor) llevar la
acusacin.
prosecution [prsIkjUSn] n jur (action)
procesamiento, accin f judicial.
P n the prosecution jur (person) la acu
sacin.
prosecutor [prsIkjUtr] n jur fiscal mf,
acusador,-ra.
297 proven
prospect [(n) prspekt; (vb) prspekt] n
1 (picture in mind) perspectiva. 2 (possibil-
ity, hope) posibilidad f, probabilidad f.
3 fml (wide view) panorama m, vista,
perspectiva.
P vt prospectar, explorar.
P vi buscar (for, -).
P n pl prospects perspectivas fpl.
, Prospect no significa 'prospecto', que
se traduce por leaflet.
prosper [prspr] vi prosperar.
prosperity [prsperItI] n prosperidad f.
prosperous [prsprs] adj prspero,-a.
prostate [prsteIt] n prstata.
prosthesis [prsTsIs] n prtesis f.
prostitute [prstItjUt] n prostituta.
protect [prtekt] vt (gen) proteger; (inter-
ests) proteger, salvaguardar.
protection [prtekSn] n (gen) protec
cin f; (shelter) proteccin f, amparo.
protective [prtektIv] adj protector,-ra.
protector [prtektr] n protector,-ra.
protein [prUtin] n protena.
protest [(n) prUtest; (vb) prtest] n (gen)
protesta; (complaint) queja; (demonstra-
tion) manifestacin f de protesta.
P vt protestar por.
P vi protestar (about, por), (against,
contra), (at, por): they protested about
the working conditions protestaron por las
condiciones de trabajo.
Protestant [prtIstnt] adj protestante.
P n protestante mf.
P
proton [prUtn] n protn m.
proud [praUd] adj orgulloso,-a: Im
proud of you estoy orgulloso de ti.
proudly [praUdlI] adv (with satisfaction) or
gullosamente, con orgullo; (arrogantly)
arrogantemente, con arrogancia.
prove [prUv] vt 1 (show to be true) probar,
demostrar. 2 (turn out to be) demostrar.
pt proved , pp proved o proven
[prUvn], ger proving.
, To prove no significa 'probar (comi
da)', que se traduce por to taste.
proven [prUvn] pp prove.
P adj probado,-a, comprobado,-a.
 proverb
proverb [prvb] n proverbio, refrn m.
provide [prvaId] vt 1 (supply) proveer,
suministrar, proporcionar: he provided
us with all the information nos facilit toda
la informacin. 2 fig (answer, example)
ofrecer, dar.
provided [prvaIdId] [also provided
that] conj siempre que, con tal que.
province [prvIns] n 1 (region) provincia.
2 fig terreno, campo, competencia.
provincial [prvInSl] adj 1 (government)
provincial; (town) de provincia(s). 2
pej provinciano,-a, pueblerino,-a.
provision [prvIZn] n 1 (supply) sumi
nistro, abastecimiento. 2 (preparation)
previsiones fpl.
P n pl provisions (food) provisiones fpl,
vveres mpl.
provisional [prvIZnl] adj provisio
nal.
provoke [prvUk] vt 1 (make angry) pro
vocar, irritar: hes not easily provoked no
se irrita fcilmente. 2 (cause) provocar.
prowl [praUl] vi merodear, rondar.
P vt merodear por, rondar por.
P n merodeo.
proximity [prksImItI] n fml proximi
dad f.
prune [prUn] n ciruela pasa.
psalm [sAm] n salmo.
pseudonym [sUdnIm] n seudnimo.
psychedelic [saIkIdelIk] adj psicodli
co,-a.
psychiatric [saIkIQtrIk] adj psiquitri
co,-a.
psychiatrist [saIkaItrIst] n psiquiatra mf.
psychiatry [saIkaItrI] n psiquiatra.
psychic [saIkIk] adj (mental) psquico,-a.
psychoanalyst [saIkUQnlIst] n psi
coanalista mf.
psychological [saIkldZIkl] adj psico
lgico,-a.
psychologist [saIkldZIst] n psiclo
go,-a.
psychology [saIkledZI] n psicologa.
psychosis [saIkUsIs] n psicosis f.
pl psychoses [saIkUsiz].
pub [pb] n bar m, pub m, taberna.
puberty [pjUbtI] n pubertad f.
298
pubis [pjUbIs] n pubis m.
public [pblIk] adj pblico,-a. c o m p pub
lic convenience servicios mpl, aseos mpl.
y public holiday fiesta nacional. y public
house bar m, pub m. y public school 1 gb
colegio privado. 2 us colegio pblico.
P n the public el pblico.
" En el Reino Unido, los public schools son
colegios privados de prestigio y de mucha
tradicin; suelen ser internados. Los colegios
pblicos britnicos se llaman state schools.
En Estados Unidos los public schools son,
sencillamente, colegios pblicos.
publication [pblIkeIS n] n publica
cin f.
publicity [pblIsItI] n publicidad f.
publish [pblIS] vt 1 (book, newspaper) pu
blicar, editar. 2 (make known) divulgar.
publisher [pblISr] n (person) editor,-
ra. (company) editorial f.
pudding [pUdIN] n 1 culin (sweet) budn
m, pudn m; (savoury) pastel m. 2 gb fam
(dessert) postre m.
puddle [pdl] n charco.
Puerto Rican [pwetUrik n] adj
puertorriqueo,-a, portorriqueo,-a.
P n puertorriqueo,-a, portorrique
o,-a.
Puerto Rico [pwetUrikU] n Puerto
Rico.
puff [pf] n 1 (of wind, air) soplo, racha,
rfaga; (of smoke) bocanada. 2 (action)
soplo, soplido; (at cigarette, pipe) calada,
chupada.
P vt (blow - gen) soplar; (- smoke) echar.
P vi 1 (pipe, cigarette) chupar (at/on, -), dar
caladas (at/on, a). 2 (pant) jadear, reso
plar. 3 (train) echar humo, echar vapor.
puke [pjUk] vi fam devolver, vomitar.
pull [pUl] n 1 (tug) tirn m. 2 (of moon, cur-
rent) fuerza. 3 (attraction) atraccin f; (in-
fluence) influencia.
P vt 1 (draw) tirar de; (drag) arrastrar:
the horse was pulling a cart el caballo tiraba
de una carreta. 2 (tug forcefully) tirar de,
dar un tirn a: dont pull my hair! no me
tires del pelo! 3 (remove, draw out) sacar.
4 (damage - muscle) sufrir un tirn. 5

fam (attract - crowd, audience) atraer; (boy,
girl) ligarse, ligar con.
P vi 1 (tug) tirar (at/on, de). 2 (on pipe,
cigarette) chupar, dar caladas a. 3 (of ve-
hicle - veer) tirar.
to pull down vt sep derribar, tirar (aba
a puncture [pNktSr] n pinchazo.
jo).
a to pull in vt sep 1 (crowd) atraer. 2
(money) sacar, ganar.
P vi (train) entrar en la estacin; (bus,
car) parar.
a to pull out vt sep (gun, tooth, plug, etc)
sacar; (troops) retirar.
P vi 1 (train) salir de la estacin; (bus,
car) salir. 2 (withdraw) retirarse.
pulley [pUlI] n polea.
pullover [pUlUvr] n pullover m, jer
sey m.
pulmonary [plmnrI] adj pulmonar.
pulse1 [pls] n 1 anat pulso. 2 phys pul
sacin f.
P vi palpitar, latir.
pulse2 [pls] n bot legumbre f.
puma [pjUm] n puma m.
pumice stone [pmIsstUn] n piedra
pmez.
pump1 [pmp] n (machine) bomba: bicy-
cle pump bomba de aire, bombn m.
P vt bombear.
P vi (of heart) latir.
a to pump up vt sep inflar.
pump2 [pmp] n (plimsoll) zapatilla de
lona, playera; (for dancing) zapatilla
de ballet.
pumpkin [pmpkIn] n calabaza.
punch1 [pntS] n 1 (blow) puetazo, gol
pe m; (in boxing) pegada. 2 fig fuerza,
empuje m.
P vt dar un puetazo a, pegar a.
punch2 [pntS] n (for making holes) perfo
radora, taladro; (in leather) punzn m;
(for tickets) mquina de picar billetes.
P vt (make a hole in) perforar; (leather)
punzar; (ticket) picar.
punch3 [pntS] n (drink) ponche m.
punctual [pNktjUl] adj puntual.
punctuality [pNktjUlItI1] n puntuali
dad f.
299 pursue
punctuate [pNktjUeIt] vt 1 ling pun
tuar. 2 (interrupt) interrumpir.
punctuation [pNktjUeISn] n puntua
cin f. c o m p punctuation mark signo
de puntuacin.
P vt (tyre, ball, etc) pinchar.
punish [pnIS] vt castigar.
punishment [pnISmnt] n castigo.
punk [pnk] n (person) punk mf; (music)
punk m.
pupil1 [pjUpl] n educ alumno,-a.
pupil2 [pjUpl] n anat pupila.
puppet [ppIt] n 1 ttere m. 2 fig ttere
m. c o m p puppet show teatro de tteres.
puppy [ppI] n cachorro,-a.
pl puppies.
purchase [ptSs] n fml compra.
P vt fml comprar, adquirir.
pure [pjUr] adj (gen) puro,-a: it was pure
chance fue pura casualidad.
pure [pjUreI] n pur m.
purification [pjUrIfIkeISn] n purifica
cin f.
purify [pjUrIfaI] vt (gen) purificar; (wa-
ter) depurar, purificar.
pt & pp purified, ger purifying.
puritan [pjUrItn] adj puritano,-a.
Pn puritano,-a.
purple [ppl] adj morado,-a.
P n (color m) prpura, (color m) mo
rado.
purpose [pps] n 1 (aim, intention) pro
psito, intencin f, fin m; (reason) ra
P
zn f, motivo: what is the purpose of your
visit? cul es el motivo de su visita? 2
(use) uso, utilidad f. 3 (determination) re
solucin f. l o c to no purpose intil
mente, en vano. y on purpose a pro
psito, adrede, a posta.
purr [pr] n (of cat) ronroneo.
P vi (of cat) ronronear.
purse [ps] n 1 gb monedero, porta
monedas m. 2 us bolso.
P vt (lips) fruncir.
pursue [psjU] vt 1 (chase) perseguir;
(follow) seguir. 2 (seek) buscar; (strive for)
esforzarse por conseguir, luchar por.
3 (carry out - policy) llevar a cabo; (- mat-
 pursuit
ter) investigar. 4 (continue with) seguir,
dedicarse a, ejercer.
pursuit [psjUt] n 1 (chase) persecu
cin f; (hunt) caza. 2 (search) bsqueda;
(striving) lucha. 3 (activity) actividad f.
pus [ps] n pus m.
push [pUS] n (shove) empujn m.
P vt 1 (gen) empujar. 2 (press - button, bell,
etc) pulsar, apretar.
P vi 1 (shove) empujar. 2 (move forward)
abrirse paso. 3 (pressurize) presionar,
exigir.
pushchair [pUStSer] n gb cochecito de
nio, sillita de nio.
push-up [pUSp] n us flexin f.
pussycat [pUsIkQt] n fam minino,-a,
gatito,-a.
put [pUt] vt 1 (gen) poner; (place) colo
car; (add) echar, aadir; (place inside)
meter, poner. 2 (express) expresar, de
cir: you put that very well lo has expresado
muy bien. 3 (calculate, estimate) calcular:
Id put the cost at 100 pounds yo dira que
cuesta 100 libras. l o c to put sth right
arreglar algo. y to put the blame on sb
echar la culpa a algn.
a to put down vt sep 1 (set down - gen)
dejar; (- phone) colgar. 2 (payment) en
tregar, dejar (en depsito); (deposit)
dejar. 3 (rebellion) sofocar. 4 (write)
apuntar, anotar, escribir.
P vi av aterrizar.
a to put forward vt sep 1 (idea, theory,
plan) proponer, presentar. 2 (clock,
meeting, wedding) adelantar.
a to put in vt sep 1 (install, fit) instalar,
poner. 2 (include, insert) poner, incluir;
(say) agregar. 3 (enter, submit - claim, re-
quest, bid) presentar. 4 (spend time work-
ing) trabajar, hacer.
P vi (ship) hacer escala.
a to put off vt sep 1 (postpone) aplazar,
posponer. 2 (distract) distraer. 3 (dis-
courage) desanimar, disuadir, quitar
las ganas a.
to put on vt sep 1 (clothes) poner, po
a mano,-a.
nerse: put your coat on ponte el abrigo. 2
(expression, attitude) fingir, adoptar. 3
(gain, increase) aumentar. 4 (present -
show) presentar, montar; (- exhibition)
300
organizar. 5 (switch on - light, television)
encender; (- music, radio) poner.
a to put out vt sep 1 (fire, light, cigarette)
apagar. 2 (put outside - cat, washing, rub-
bish) sacar. 3 (extend - hand) tender,
alargar; (- tongue) sacar; (dislocate) dislo
car. 4 (inconvenience) molestar; (upset, of-
fend, annoy) molestar, ofender. 5 (pub-
lish, issue) publicar; (broadcast) difundir.
a to put up vt sep 1 (provide accommoda-
tion for) alojar, hospedar. 2 (erect - tent)
armar; (- building, fence) levantar, cons
truir. 3 (shelves, picture, decorations) colo
car; (curtains, notice, poster) colgar. 4 (raise
- hand) levantar; (flag) izar; (hair) reco
ger; (umbrella) abrir. 5 (increase - price, etc)
aumentar, subir. 6 (present - candidate)
presentar, proponer.
P vt insep 1 (resistence, struggle) ofrecer,
oponer: they put up a good fight ofrecie
ron mucha resistencia. 2 (money) poner,
aportar.
a to put up with vt insep soportar,
aguantar.
pt & pp put, ger putting.
putt [pt] n tiro al hoyo.
P vt tirar al hoyo.
puzzle [pzl] n 1 (jigsaw) puzzle m; (toy)
rompecabezas m; (riddle) adivinanza,
acertijo; (crossword) crucigrama m. 2
(mystery) misterio, enigma m.
P vt dejar perplejo,-a, extraar.
a to puzzle out vt sep (problem) resol
ver; (mystery) descifrar.
pygmy [pIgmI] adj pigmeo,-a, enano,-a.
P n (small person) pigmeo,-a, enano,-a.
pyjamas [pdZAmz] n pl pijama m
sing.
pylon [paIln] n 1 elec torre f (de tendi
do elctrico). 2 arch piln m, pilar m.
pylorus [paIlrs] n ploro.
pyramid [pIrmId] n pirmide f.
pyrites [paIraItiz] n pirita.
pyromaniac [paIrUmeInIQk] n pir
pyrotechnics [paIrUteknIks] n piro
tecnia.
P n pl fuegos mpl artificiales.
python [paITn] n pitn m.

Q, q [kjU] n (the letter) Q, q f.
Qatar [kQtAr] n Qatar.
quack [kwaQk] vi graznar.
quadriceps [kwdrIseps] n anat
cudriceps m.
quail [kweIl] n codorniz f.
quake [kweIk] n fam terremoto.
qualification [kwlIfIkeISn] n 1 (for
job) requisito. 2 (ability) aptitud f, ca-
pacidad f. 3 (paper) diploma m, ttulo.
4 (reservation) reserva, salvedad f. 5
(restriction) limitacin f.
, Qualification no significa 'calificacin
(nota)', que se traduce por mark 0 grade.
qualified [kwlIfaId] adj 1 (for job)
capacitado,-a. 2 (with qualifications)
titulado,-a: qualified nurse enfermero,-a
titulado,-a. 3 (limited, modified) limitado,-a,
restringido,-a.
qualify [kwlIfaI] vt 1 (entitle, make eligible) ca-
pacitar, dar derecho. 2 (modify) modificar,
matizar, puntualizar. 3 ling calificar.
pt & pp qualified, ger qualifying.
quality [kwlItI] n 1 (degree of excellence)
calidad f: of good quality de buena calidad;
of poor quality de poca calidad. 2 (attribute)
cualidad f: she has many qualities tiene
muchas cualidades. c o m p quality control
control m de calidad. y quality newspa-
pers prensa de calidad.
pl qualities.
quantity [kwntItI] n 1 cantidad f. 2
math cantidad f.
pl quantities.
quarrel [kwrl] n 1 ria, disputa, pe-
lea. 2 (disagreement) desacuerdo. 3
(complaint) queja: I have no quarrel with
him no tengo ninguna queja de l, no
tengo nada contra l. l o c to pick a quar-
Q
rel with sb meterse con algn, buscar
pelea con algn.
P vi (argue) reir, pelearse, disputar, dis-
cutir: she is always quarrelling with her mother
siempre est discutiendo con su madre.
pt & pp quarrelled (us quarreled), ger
quarrelling (us quarreling).
quarry [kwrI] n 1 cantera. 2 (in hunt-
ing) presa.
pl quarries.
P vt extraer.
pt & pp quarried, ger quarrying.
quart [kwt] n cuarto de galn.
. En Gran Bretaa equivale a 1,14 litros;
en Estados Unidos equivale a 0,95 litro.
quarter [kwtr] n 1 cuarto. 2 (area)
barrio: the old quarter el casco antiguo.
3 (time) cuarto: its a quarter to one es un
cuarto para la una. 4 (of moon) cuarto. 5
(three months) trimestre m. 6 us (amount)
veinticinco centavos; (coin) moneda
de veinticinco centavos. c o m p first
quarter cuarto creciente. y last quar-
ter cuarto menguante.
P n pl quarters alojamiento m sing. c o m p
at close quarters desde muy cerca. y
to give no quarter no dar cuartel.
quartz [kwts] n cuarzo. c o m p quartz
watch reloj m de cuarzo.
quay [ki] n muelle m.
queen [kwin] n 1 reina. 2 (cards, chess)
dama, reina; (chess) reina. c o m p queen
bee abeja reina. y Queen Mother rei-
na madre.
queer [kwIr] adj 1 raro,-a, extrao,-a.
2 (ill) malucho,-a. 3 fam gay. 4 (mad)
loco,-a, chiflado,-a.
quench [kwentS] vt 1 (thirst) saciar. 2
(fire) apagar.
 query
query [kwIrI] n 1 pregunta, duda. 2
ling signo de interrogacin. 3 fig in
terrogante m.
pl queries.
P vt 1 (doubt) poner en duda. 2 (ask)
preguntar.
pt & pp queried, ger querying.
quest [kwest] n bsqueda, busca. loc
in quest of en busca de: in quest of the
Holy Grail en busca del Santo Grial.
question [kwestSn] n 1 pregunta. 2 (in
exam) pregunta, problema m. 3 (problem,
issue) cuestin f, problema m. 4 (topic,
matter) cuestin f, asunto. l o c its a
question of se trata de, es cuestin de:
its a question of time es cuestin de tiempo.
y out of the question imposible, impen
sable. y that is the question de eso se
trata. y without question sin rechistar:
she did it without question lo hizo sin rechis
tar. c o m p question mark 1 (punctuation
mark) signo de interrogacin, interro
gacin f, interrogante m. 2 (doubt) inte
rrogante m. y question tag coletilla.
P vt 1 hacer preguntas a, interrogar. 2
(cast doubt on) cuestionar, poner en duda.
questionnaire [kwestSner] n cues
tionario.
queue [kjU] n gb cola. l o c to jump the
queue colarse.
P vi hacer cola.
quick [kwIk] adj 1 (fast) rpido,-a: lets
have a quick look echemos un vistazo. 2
(clever) espabilado,-a, listo,-a.
quickly [kwIklI] adv (speed up) rpido
P vi (speed up) acelerarse.
quicksand [kwIksQnd] n arenas fpl
movedizas.
quiet [kwaIt] adj 1 (silent) callado,-a,
silencioso,-a: he kept quiet all night es
tuvo callado toda la noche. 2 (peaceful,
calm) tranquilo,-a, sosegado,-a: this is
a very quiet village ste es un pueblo muy
tranquilo. 3 (unobtrusive) callado,-a,
reservado,-a. 4 (tranquil, without fuss)
tranquilo,-a. l o c be quiet! cllate!
P n 1 (silence) silencio. 2 (calm) tranqui
lidad f, calma, sosiego.
P vt us calmar, silenciar: she quieted the
baby down calm a la criatura.
302
P vi us calmarse. l o c on the quiet a la
chita callando, a hurtadillas: he did it
on the quiet lo hizo en secreto.
quietly [kwaItlI] adv 1 (silently) silen
ciosamente, sin hacer ruido; (not loud-
ly) bajo: she always speaks quietly siempre
habla en voz baja. 2 (calmly) tranquila
mente. 3 (discreetly) discretamente,
con discrecin. 4 (simply) sencilla
mente, con sencillez.
quilt [kwIlt] n edredn m.
quince [kwIns] n membrillo.
quit [kwIt] vt 1 dejar, abandonar: he
quit his job dej el trabajo. 2 (stop) dejar
de: she quit smoking dej de fumar.
P vi marcharse, irse.
pt & pp quit, ger quitting.
, To quit no significa 'quitar', que se
traduce por to remove.
quite [kwaIt] adv 1 (rather) bastante:
they played quite well jugaron bastante
bien; theyre quite difficult exercises son
ejercicios bastante difciles. 2 (totally)
completamente, del todo: I quite un-
derstand lo entiendo perfectamente. 3
(exceptional) excepcional, increble,
original: its been quite a year ha sido un
ao excepcional. 4 (exactly) exacta
mente: it isnt quite what I was looking for
no es exactamente lo que buscaba.
quiver1 [kwIvr] n 1 (tremble of lips, voice)
temblor m; (of eyelids) parpadeo; (shiv-
er) estremecimiento.
P vi temblar, estremecerse.
quiz [kwIz] n 1 (competition) concurso. 2
(enquiry) encuesta; (exam) examen m.
P vt preguntar, interrogar.
quotation [kwUteISn] n 1 ling cita. 2
fin cotizacin f. 3 comm presupues
to. c o m p quotation marks comillas fpl.
quote [kwUt] n 1 ling cita. 2 (price - gen)
presupuesto; (- for shares) cotizacin f.
P vt 1 citar, entrecomillar. 2 (price) dar,
ofrecer. 3 fin cotizar.
quotient [kwUSnt] n 1 (in mathematics)
cociente m. 2 (degree) coeficiente m,
grado. c o m p intelligence quotient
coeficiente intelectual m, coeficien
te m de inteligencia.

R, r [A] n 1 (the letter) R, r f.
rabbit [rQbIt] n conejo.
raccoon [rkUn] n mapache m.
race1 [reIs] n (people) raza.
race2 [reIs] n 1 sp carrera. 2 (current) co
rriente f fuerte; (channel) canal m. l o c to
run a race participar en una carrera.
P vt 1 (person) competir con, echar
una carrera a. 2 (engine) acelerar.
racecourse [reIsks] n gb hipdromo.
racehorse [reIhs] n caballo de ca
rreras.
racial [reISl] adj racial.
racing [reIsIN] n carreras fpl.
P adj de carreras. c o m p racing car co
che m de carreras. y racing driver pilo
to de carreras.
racism [reIsIzm] n racismo.
racist [reIsIst] adj racista.
P n racista mf.
rack [rQk] n 1 estante m. 2 auto baca.
3 (on train) rejilla. 4 (for torture) potro.
racket1 [rQkIt] n sp raqueta.
racket2 [rQkIt] n 1 (din) alboroto, rui
do. 2 fam (fraud) timo. 3 fam (business)
asunto, negocio.
racoon [rkUn] n mapache m.
racquet [rQkIt] n raqueta.
radar [reIdAr] n radar m. c o m p radar trap
control m de velocidad por radar.
radiation [reIdIeISn] n radiacin f.
radiator [reIdIeItr] n radiador m.
radical [rQdIkl] adj radical.
P n radical mf.
radii [reIdIaI] n pl radius.
radio [reIdIU] n radio f. comp radio
cassette radiocasete m.
pl radios.
R
303
radioactive [reIdIUQktIv] adj radiac
tivo,-a. l o c radioactive waste residuos
mpl radiactivos.
radioactivity [reIdIUQktIvItI] n ra
diactividad f.
radiography [reIdIgrfI] n radiogra
fa.
pl radiographies.
radiologist [reIdIldZIst] n radilo
go,-a.
radiology [reIdIledZI] n radiologa.
radish [rQdIS] n rbano.
radium [reIdIm] n radio.
radius [reIdIs] n radio.
pl radii [reIdIaI].
radon [reIdn] n radn m.
raffle [rQfl] n rifa.
P vt rifar, sortear.
raft [rAft] n 1 balsa. 2 us fam montn m.
rag[rQg] n 1 harapo, andrajo,. 2 (for
cleaning) trapo.
rage [reIdZ] n rabia, furor m, clera.
P vi 1 (person) estar hecho,-a una fu
ria. 2 (fire, etc) arder sin control; (storm,
sea) rugir; (debate, etc) seguir candente.
ragout [rQgU] n rag m.
raid [reId] n 1 mil incursin f, ataque m.
2 (by police) redada. 3 (robbery) atraco.
P vt 1 mil hacer una incursin en. 2
(police) hacer una redada en. 3 (rob)
atracar, asaltar.
rail [reIl] n 1 barra. 2 (handrail) pasama
no, barandilla, baranda. 3 (for train)
ral m, carril m, riel m. 4 (the railway) fe
rrocarril m. l o c by rail por ferrocarril.
railing [reIlINz] n verja.
railroad [reIlrUd] n us railway.
P vt 1 (person) presionar. 2 (measure, bill)
tramitar sin debate.
 railway
railway [reIlweI] n ferrocarril m. comp
railway carriage vagn m. y railway en
gine locomotora. y railway line va
frrea. y railway station estacin f de
ferrocarril. y railway track va frrea.
rain [reIn] n lluvia. c o m p rain forest sel
va tropical. y rain gauge pluvimetro.
P vi llover: its raining est lloviendo.
rainbow [reInbU] n arco iris m.
raincoat [reInkUt] n impermeable m.
raindrop [reIndrp] n gota de lluvia.
rainfall [reInfl] n 1 precipitacin f.
2 (quantity) pluviosidad f.
rainforest [reInfArIst] n selva tropical.
rainy [reInI] adj lluvioso,-a.
comp rainier, superl rainiest.
raise [reIz] vt 1 (lift up) levantar: raise
your hands levantad la mano. 2 (move to a
higher position) subir. 3 (build, erect) eri
gir, levantar. 4 (increase) subir, au
mentar. 5 (improve) mejorar. 6 (laugh,
smile, etc) provocar; (doubt, fear) susci
tar. 7 (children) criar, educar; (animals)
criar. 8 (matter, point) plantear. 9 (funds)
recaudar.
P n us aumento de sueldo.
. Raise en el sentido de levantar siem
pre va seguido de un complemento. Mien
tras que rise (subir), nunca lleva comple
mento.
raisin [reIzn] n pasa.
rake[reIk] n (tool) rastrillo.
rally [rQlI] n 1 (public gathering) reunin
f; (political) mitin m; (demonstration) ma
nifestacin f. 2 (car race) rally m. 3 (in
tennis) intercambio (de golpes).
pl rallies.
P vi (recover) reponerse, recuperarse.
P vt (bring together) unir.
pt & pp rallied, ger rallying.
ram [rQm] n zool carnero.
ramp [rQmp] n 1 (slope) rampa. 2 (steps)
escalerilla. 3 gb (speed bump) badn m.
4 us (slip road) va de acceso.
ran [rQn] pt run.
ranch [rQntS] n rancho, hacienda. c o m p
ranch house 1 (type of house) bungalow
m. 2 (house on ranch) hacienda.
304
random [rQndm] adj aleatorio,-a. loc
at random al azar. c o m p random access
memory memoria de acceso directo.
rang [rQN] pt ring.
range [reIndZ] n 1 (choice) gama, surti
do; (of products) gama; (of clothes) lnea.
2 (reach) alcance m. 3 (of mountains) cor
dillera, sierra. 4 us (prairie) pradera.
P vi 1 variar, oscilar: they range from
to van desde hasta 2 (wander) va
gar (over, por).
P vt 1 (arrange) colocar, disponer. 2
(travel) recorrer, viajar por.
rank [rQNk] n 1 (line) fila. 2 mil (in hierar-
chy) graduacin f, rango.
P vi (be) figurar, estar
P vt (classify) clasificar, considerar.
ranking [rQNkIN] n clasificacin f,
ranking m.
ransom [rQnsm] n rescate m. l o c to
hold to ransom 1 pedir rescate por. 2
fig chantajear. l o c ransom money res
cate m.
P vt rescatar.
rap [rQp] n 1 golpe m seco. 2 mus rap m.
P vi 1 golpear. 2 mus cantar rap.
pt & pp rapped, ger rapping.
rape1 [reIp] n violacin f.
P vt violar.
rape2 [reIp] n bot colza.
rapid [rQpId] adj rpido,-a.
Pn pl rapids rpidos mpl.
rapist [reIpIst] n violador,-ra.
rapper [rQpr] n cantante mf de rap,
rapero,-a.
rare [re r] adj 1 (uncommon) poco co
mn, raro,-a. 2 (air) enrarecido,-a. 3
culin poco hecho,-a. c o m p rare earth
tierra rara. y rare gas gas m raro.
, Rare no significa 'raro (extrao)', que
se traduce por strange.
rarely [relI] adv rara vez, pocas veces.
rascal [rAskl] n bribn m, pillo.
rash1 [rQS] n 1 med sarpullido, erup
cin f cutnea. 2 (series) sucesin f, se
rie f.
rash2 [rQS] adj imprudente, precipita
do,-a.
 305
raspberry [rAzb rI] n 1 frambuesa. 2
fam (noise) pedorreta.
pl raspberries.
rat [rQt] n 1 rata. 2 fam canalla m.
rate [reIt] n 1 tasa, ndice m 2 (speed)
velocidad f, ritmo 3 (price) tarifa, pre
cio. l o c at any rate 1 (anyway) de to
dos modos. 2 (at least) por lo menos,
al menos. y at the rate of a razn de.
y first/second rate de primera/segun
da (categora). c o m p rate of exchange
tipo de cambio.
P vt 1 (consider) considerar 2 (deserve)
merecer. 3 (fix value) tasar.
P n pl rates gb contribucin f sing ur
bana.
rather [rADr] adv 1 (a little) algo; (fairly)
bastante; (very) muy. 2 (showing prefer-
ence): Id rather go out preferira salir. 3
(more precisely) o mejor dicho: there was
a river, or rather a stream haba un ro, o
mejor dicho un arroyo
ratify [rQtIfaI] vt ratificar.
pt & pp ratified, ger ratifying.
ratings [reItINs] n pl tv ndice m sing de
audiencia.
ratio [reISIU] n razn f, relacin f,
proporcin f.
pl ratios.
ration [rQSn] n racin f.
P vt racionar.
Pn pl rations vveres mpl.
, Ration no significa 'racin (de comi
da)', que se traduce por portion.
rational [rQSnl] adj racional.
rattle [rQtl] n 1 (object) carraca, ma
traca; (babys) sonajero; (rattlesnakes)
cascabel m. 2 (noise) ruido; (of train)
traqueteo; (vibration) vibracin f.
P vt hacer sonar, hacer vibrar.
P vi sonar, vibrar.
rattlesnake [rQtlsneIk] n serpiente f
de cascabel.
ravage [rQvIdZ] vt devastar, asolar.
P n pl ravages estragos mpl.
rave [reIv] n gb fiesta con msica de baile y
que puede durar toda la noche.
raven [reIvn] n cuervo.
ravine [rvin] n barranco.
ready
raw [r] adj 1 (uncooked) crudo,-a. 2
(unprocessed) bruto,-a; (unrefined) sin re
finar; (untreated) sin tratar. 3 (inexperi-
enced) novato,-a. 4 (weather) crudo,-a.
c o m p raw material materia prima.
ray1 [reI] n (of light) rayo.
ray2 [reI] n (fish) raya.
razor [reIzr] n 1 (cutthroat) navaja de
afeitar; (safety) maquinilla de afeitar.
2 (electric) mquina de afeitar. c o m p
razor blade hoja de afeitar.
reach [ritS] n alcance m. l o c beyond the
reach of fuera del alcance de. y out of
reach of fuera del alcance de. y within
reach of 1 (at hand) al alcance de. 2
(near) cerca de
P vt 1 (arrive in/at, get to) llegar a. 2 (rise
to, fall to) alcanzar. 3 (be able to touch) al
canzar, llegar a. 4 (contact) contactar,
localizar. 5 (pass) alcanzar
P vi 1 (be long enough) llegar. 2 (extend)
extenderse. 3 (take) extender la ma
no, tender la mano.
react [rIQkt] vi reaccionar.
reaction [rIQkSn] n reaccin f.
reactor [rIQktr] n reactor m.
read [rid] vt 1 (gen) leer. 2 (instrument) in
dicar, marcar. 3 (sign, notice) decir, po
ner.
a to read out vt sep leer en voz alta.
pt & pp read [red].
readable [rIdbl] adj 1 (handwriting) le
gible. 2 (style) ameno,-a.
reader [ridr] n 1 (person - gen) lector,-ra;
(- of proofs) corrector,-ra. 2 (at university)
profesor,-ra adjunto,-a. 3 (apparatus) R
lector m.
readily [redIlI] adv 1 (easily) fcilmen
te. 2 (willingly) de buena gana.
reading [ridIN] n 1 lectura. 2 (of bill,
law) presentacin f. 3 (of instrument) in
dicacin f, lectura. 4 (interpretation)
interpretacin f.
readjust [ridZst] vt reajustar.
P vi (readapt) readaptarse.
ready [redI] adj 1 (prepared) prepara
do,-a, listo,-a. 2 (willing) dispuesto,-a.
3 (quick) rpido,-a; (easy) fcil. l o c to
get ready prepararse. y to get sth ready
ready-made
preparar algo. y to make ready pre
parar.
ready-made [redImeId] adj hecho,-a,
confeccionado,-a.
reafforestation [rIfrIsteISn] n gb re
forestacin f, repoblacin f forestal.
reagent [rieIdZnt] n reactivo.
real [rIl] adj 1 real, verdadero,-a. 2
(genuine) autntico,-a. c o m p real estate
bienes mpl inmuebles.
P adv us fam muy
realise [rIlaIz] vt realize.
reality [rIQlItI] n realidad f.
realize [rIlaIz] vt 1 (understand) darse
cuenta de, comprender. 2 (know) sa
ber. 3 (carry out) realizar. 4 (sell) reali
zar, vender; (fetch) reportar
, To realize no significa 'realizar', que
se traduce por to carry out.
really [rIlI] adv 1 (in fact) en realidad.
2 (very) muy, realmente. 3 (showing in-
terest) ah s?, en serio? de verdad?;
(showing surprise) de verdad?, no me
digas!; (showing annoyance) vaya!
reap [rip] vt cosechar.
rear1 [rIr] adj trasero,-a, de atrs.
P n 1 (back part) parte f de atrs. 2 (of
room) fondo. 3 fam (of person) trasero.
rearmament [riAmment] n rearme m.
rearrange [rireIndZ] vt 1 (objects) co
locar de otra manera. 2 (event) cam
biar la fecha de, cambiar la hora de.
rear-view mirror [rIvjUmIr] n re
trovisor m.
reason [rizn] n 1 (cause) razn f, mo
tivo. 2 (faculty) razn f.
P vt deducir, llegar a la conclusin
de que
P vi razonar.
reasonable [riznbl] adj 1 (gen) ra
zonable. 2 (acceptable) aceptable.
reasonably [riznblI] adv 1 (gen) ra
zonablemente. 2 (quite) bastante.
reassure [riSUr] vt 1 (comfort) tran
quilizar. 2 (assure again) volver a ase
gurar.
rebate [ribeIt] n 1 (of tax) devolucin f.
2 (discount) descuento.
306
rebel [(adj-n) rebl; (vb) rIbel] adj rebelde.
Pn rebelde mf.
P vi rebelarse (against, contra).
pt & pp rebelled, ger rebelling.
rebellion [rIbelIn] n rebelin f.
rebound [(n) ribaUnd; (vb) rIbaUnd] n
rebote m
P vi rebotar.
recall [(n) rikl; (vb) rIkl] n 1 (memory)
memoria. 2 (withdrawal) retirada.
P vt 1 (remember) recordar. 2 (withdraw)
retirar.
receipt [rIsit] n 1 (document) recibo.
2 (act of receiving) recepcin f, recibo.
P n pl receipts comm ingresos mpl, re
caudacin f sing.
receive [rIsiv] vt 1 (gen) recibir. 2
(wound) sufrir. 3 (radio signal) recibir. 4
(stolen goods) comerciar con
P vt (welcome) recibir, acoger.
receiver [rIsivr] n 1 (of telephone) auri
cular m. 2 (of stolen goods) perista mf. 3
jur sndico,-a, sndico,-a de quie
bras. 4 (of radio signal) receptor m. 5 (in
American football) receptor,-ra.
recent [risnt] adj reciente: in recent
months/years en los ltimos meses/aos.
recently [risntlI] adv 1 (lately) recien
temente, ltimamente. 2 (a short time
ago) hace poco
reception [rIsepSn] n 1 (gen) recep
cin f. 2 (welcome) acogida. 3 (party)
recepcin f; (after wedding) banquete
m. c o m p reception desk recepcin f.
receptionist [rIsepSnIst] n recepcio
nista m & f.
recharge [ritSAdZ] vt recargar.
rechargeable [ritSAdZbl] adj recar
gable.
recipe [respI] n 1 receta. 2 fig frmu
la. c o m p recipe book 1 (personal collection)
recetario. 2 (cookery book) libro de co
cina.
reckless [rekls] adj 1 (hasty) precipita
do,-a. 2 (careless) imprudente, teme
rario,-a. c o m p reckless driving con
duccin f temeraria.
reckon [rekn] vt 1 (estimate) calcular. 2
(calculate) calcular. 3 (regard) conside
rar. 4 (think) creer, considerar.

reckoning [rek nIN] n clculos mpl: by
my reckoning, segn mis clculos,
recognise [rekgnaIz] vt recognize.
recognition [rekgnISn] n reconoci
miento.
recognize [rekgnaIz] vt reconocer.
recollect [reklekt] vt recordar.
, To recollect no significa 'recolectar,
cosechar', que se traducen por to harvest.
recollection [reklekSn] n recuerdo.
, Recollection no significa 'recoleccin,
cosecha', que se traducen por harvest.
recommend [rekmend] vt recomen
dar.
recommendation [rekmendeISn] n
recomendacin f.
reconstruct [riknstrkt] vt reconstruir.
record [(n) rekd; (vb) rIkd] n 1 (written recurrent [rIkrnt] adj 1 math peri
evidence) constancia escrita 2 (note) re
lacin f. 3 (facts about a person) historial
m. 4 mus disco. 5 sp rcord m, marca,
plusmarca. l o c to break a record batir
un rcord. c o m p medical record histo
rial m mdico. y record holder plus
marquista mf. y record player tocadis
cos m sing.
P vt 1 (write down) anotar, apuntar. 2
(voice, music) grabar. 3 (instrument, gauge)
registrar
P adj rcord.
P n pl records (files) archivos mpl
, Record no significa 'recordar', que se
traduce por to remember.
recorded [rIkdId] adj (written) anota
do,-a; (on tape, etc) grabado,-a. c o m p
recorded delivery correo certificado.
recorder [rIkdr] n mus flauta. c o m p
cassette recorder casete m.
recording [rIkdIN] n grabacin f.
c o m p recording studio estudio de gra
bacin.
recover [rIkv r] vt (gen) recuperar;
(dead body) rescatar.
P vi recuperarse, reponerse.
recovery [rIkvrI] n recuperacin f.
307 redundancy
recreation [rekrIeIS n] n 1 (free time) es
parcimiento. 2 (hobby) pasatiempo. 3
(in school) recreo.
recruit [rIkrUt] n (soldier) recluta m.
P vt (soldier) reclutar.
recruitment [rIkrUtmnt] n (of soldiers)
reclutamiento; (of employees) contra
tacin f.
recta [rekt] n pl rectum.
rectangle [rektQNgl] n rectngulo.
rectangular [rektQNgjUlr] adj rectan
gular.
rectify [rektIfaI] vt rectificar.
rectum [rektm] n recto.
pl rectums o recta [rekt].
recur [rIkr] vi repetirse, reproducirse.
pt & pp recurred, ger recurring.
, To recur no significa 'recurrir a', que
se traduce por to resort to, to turn to.
dico,-a. 2 med recurrente.
recycle [risaIkl] vt reciclar.
recycling [risaIklIN] n reciclaje m.
red [red] n 1 (colour) rojo. 2 (left-winger)
rojo,-a.
P adj 1 rojo,-a 2 (hair) pelirrojo,-a.
comp redder, superl reddest.
redbreast [redbrest] n petirrojo.
redcurrant [redkrnt] n grosella.
redemption [rIdempSn] n 1 (of debt)
pago. 2 (of voucher) canje m. 3 rel re
dencin f.
red-haired [redhed] adj pelirrojo,-a.
redhead [redhed] n pelirrojo,-a.
redid [ridId] pt redo. R
redo [ridU] vt rehacer, volver a hacer.
pt redid [ridId], pp redone [ridn],
ger redoing.
redone [ridn] pt redo.
redskin [redskIn] n piel roja mf.
reduce [rIdjUs] vt 1 (gen) reducir, dis
minuir. 2 (price, etc) rebajar.
reduction [rIdkSn] n (gen) reduccin
f; (fall) disminucin f; (in price) rebaja.
redundancy [rIdndnsI] n 1 (dismissal)
despido. 2 (superfluity) superfluidad f.
3 ling redundancia.
pl redundancies.
 redundant
redundant [rIdndnt] adj 1 (dismissed)
despedido,-a. 2 (superfluous) super
fluo,-a. 3 ling redundante.
redwood [redwUd] n secuoya.
reed [rid] n 1 (plant) caa, junco. 2 mus
lengeta.
reef [rif] n arrecife m.
reel [ril] n 1 (of thread, cotton) carrete m;
(of camera film) carrete m, rollo; (of cine
film) bobina; (of wire, tape) rollo. 2 (for
fishing) carrete m.
a to reel in vt sep (line) recoger, cobrar;
(fish) cobrar, sacar del agua.
refer [rIfr] vt (send) mandar, enviar
P vi 1 (allude to) referirse (to, a). 2 (men-
tion, name) hacer referencia (to, a).
pt & pp referred, ger referring.
referee [refri] n sp rbitro,-a.
P vt arbitrar.
reference [refrns] n 1 referencia,
mencin 2 (for job) referencias fpl.
c o m p reference book libro de consulta.
referendum [refrendm] n refern
dum m.
pl referendums o referenda [ref-
rend].
refill [(n) rifIl; (vb) rifIl] n (for pen, etc) re
cambio; (for lighter) carga.
P vt (glass, pen) volver a llenar; (lighter)
recargar.
refinery [rIfaInrI] n refinera.
pl refineries.
reflect [rIflekt] vt reflejar
P vi (think) reflexionar (on, sobre)
a to reflect on vt insep perjudicar
reflection [rIflekSn] n 1 (image) reflejo.
2 (thought) reflexin f. 3 (aspersion) des
crdito. l o c on reflection, pensn
dolo bien,
reflector [rIflektr] n (gen) reflector m;
(on car) catafaro.
reflex [rifleks] n reflejo.
pl reflexes.
reflexive [rIfleksIv] adj reflexivo,-a.
reforest [rifrIst] vt reforestar.
reforestation [rifrIsteISn] n refo
restacin f, repoblacin f forestal.
reform [rIfm] n reforma.
P vt reformar.
308
refraction [rIfrQkSn] n refraccin f.
refrain1 [rIfreIn] n mus estribillo.
, Refrain no significa 'refrn', que se
traduce por proverb, saying.
refrain2 [rIfreIn] vi abstenerse (from, de)
refresh [rIfreS] vt refrescar.
refreshing [rIfreSIN] adj (gen) refres
cante; (rest, sleep) reparador,-ra.
refreshment [rIfreSmnt] n refresco.
refrigerator [rIfrIdZreItr] n frigorfi
co, nevera.
refuge [refjUdZ] n refugio.
refugee [refjUdZi] n refugiado,-a.
refund [(n) rifnd; (vb) rifnd] n reem
bolso.
P vt reembolsar.
refusal [rIfjUzl] n 1 (negative reply) ne
gativa, respuesta negativa. 2 (rejec-
tion) rechazo.
refuse1 [refjUs] n basura. c o m p refuse
collection recogida de basuras.
refuse2 [rIfjUz] vt 1 (reject) rehusar, re
chazar, no aceptar. 2 (withhold) negar,
denegar, no conceder
P vi negarse (to, a)
regard [rIgAd] n respeto, considera
cin. l o c to hold in high regard tener
en gran estima. y without regard to
sin hacer caso de.
P vt 1 (consider) considerar. 2 (look at)
mirar. 3 (heed) hacer caso a.
P n pl regards recuerdos mpl.
regarding [rIgAdIN] prep tocante a,
respecto a.
regardless [rIgAdls] adv fam a pesar
de todo.
P prep regardless of fam sin tener en
cuenta.
regime [reIZim] [also written rgime] n
rgimen m.
regiment [redZImnt] n regimiento.
P vt 1 mil regimentar. 2 fig discipli
nar, reglamentar.
region [ridZn] n regin f.
regional [ridZnl] adj regional.
register [redZIstr] n (gen) registro; (in
school) lista. c o m p register office regis
tro civil.

P vt 1 (put on record, list) registrar; (car,
student) matricular; (birth, death, mar-
riage) inscribir en el registro. 2 (show -
reading) indicar, marcar; (- feeling)
mostrar, reflejar. 3 (make known) ha
cer constar. 4 (letter) certificar.
P vi 1 (for classes) matricularse; (at con-
gress, with doctor) inscribirse; (at hotel)
registrarse.
, To register no significa 'registrar (re
visar)', que se traduce por to frisk.
registered [redZIstd] adj 1 (person)
inscrito,-a; (student) matriculado,-a. 2
(letter) certificado,-a. 3 (car, etc) matri
culado,-a; (ship) de bandera. c o m p reg
istered trademark marca registrada.
registration [redZIstreISn] n 1 (of birth,
death, marriage) inscripcin f; (of patent,
etc) registro. 2 (enrolment) inscripcin f;
(of student) matrcula. c o m p registration
number auto matrcula.
registry [redZIstrI] n registro. c o m p
registry office registro civil
regret [rIgret] n 1 (remorse) remordi
miento. 2 (sadness) pesar m.
P vt 1 (feel sorry) lamentar, arrepentirse
de. 2 (express ones sadness) lamentar. 3
(miss) echar de menos, echar en falta.
P n pl regrets excusas mpl
regular [regjUlr] adj. 1 (gen) regular. 2
(normal) normal. 3 (habitual) habitual.
4 (normal in size) de tamao normal. 5
us (pleasant) simptico,-a.
P n fam cliente mf habitual.
, Regular no significa 'regular (pasa
ble)', que se traduce por so-so, not bad.
regularity [regjUlQrtI] n regularidad f.
regularly [regjUllI] adv regularmen
te, con regularidad.
regulate [regjUleIt] vt regular.
regulation [regjUleISn] n 1 (control) re
gulacin f. 2 (rule) regla.
rehearsal [rIhsl] n ensayo.
rehearse [rIhs] vt ensayar.
reign [reIn] n reinado.
P vi reinar.
rein [reIn] n rienda.
Pn pl reins (childs) andadores mpl.
309 release
reindeer [reIndI ] n reno.
r
pl reindeer o reindeers.
reject [(n) ridZekt; (vb) rIdZekt] n (thing)
artculo defectuoso; (person)
marginado,-a.
P vt (gen) rechazar, no aceptar; (in law)
desestimar.
rejection [rIdZekSn] n (gen) rechazo;
(negative reply) respuesta negativa.
rejoice [rIdZIs] vi alegrarse.
relapse [rIlQps] n 1 med recada. 2
(crime) reincidencia.
P vi 1 med recaer. 2 (crime) reincidir. l o c
to suffer a relapse tener una recada.
relate [rIleIt] vt 1 (tell) relatar, contar.
2 (connect) relacionar (to, con).
P vi (connect) relacionarse.
related [rIleItId] adj 1 (connected) rela
cionado,-a. 2 (relatives) emparenta
do,-a.
relation [rIleISn] n 1 (connection) rela
cin f. 2 (family) pariente mf.
relationship [rIleISnSIp] n 1 (connection)
relacin f. 2 (between people) relaciones
fpl.
relative [reltIv] adj relativo,-a.
P n pariente mf, familiar mf.
relatively [reltIvlI] adv relativamente.
relativity [reltIvItI] n relatividad f.
relaunch [(vb) rilntS; (n) rilntS] vt
relanzar.
P n relanzamiento.
relax [rIlQks] vt 1 (gen) relajar. 2 (grip,
hold) aflojar. 3 (rules, control) suavizar.
P vi 1 (gen) relajarse. 2 (grip, hold) aflo
jarse. R
relaxation [rilQkseISn] n 1 (gen) rela
jacin f. 2 (of grip, hold) aflojamiento.
3 (of rules, control) suavizacin f.
relaxed [rIlQkst] adj 1 (person) relaja
do,-a. 2 (atmosphere) distendido,-a.
relaxing [rIlQksIN] adj relajante.
relay [rileI] n 1 relevo. 2 elec rel m.
c o m p relay race carrera de relevos.
y relay station estacin f repetidora.
release [rIlis] n 1 (setting free) libera
cin f, puesta en libertad. 2 (relief)
alivio. 3 (of film) estreno; (of record) lan
zamiento. 4 (of gas, etc) emisin f.
 relevant
5 (new thing - film) estreno, novedad f
cinematogrfica; (- record) nuevo dis
co, novedad f discogrfica. 6 (state-
ment) comunicado.
P vt 1 (set free) liberar, poner en liber
tad. 2 (let go of) soltar. 3 (bring out - film)
estrenar; (- record) sacar. 4 (gas, etc - give
out) emitir. 5 (statement, information) ha
cer pblico, dar a conocer.
relevant [relvnt] adj 1 (connected) per
tinente. 2 (important) relevante.
reliable [rIlaIbl] adj fiable.
relief [rIlif] n 1 (from pain, etc) alivio. 2
(help) auxilio, socorro, ayuda. 3 (per-
son) relevo. 4 (lifting of siege) liberacin
f. 5 geog relieve m.
relieve [rIliv] vt 1 (lessen) aliviar. 2 (take
over from) relevar. 3 (help) socorrer,
ayudar. 4 (lift siege of) liberar.
religion [rIlIdZn] n religin f.
religious [rIlIdZs] adj religioso,-a.
reload [rilUd] vt (gun) volver a car
gar; (program, page) recargar.
reluctant [rIlktnt] adj reacio,-a.
reluctantly [rIlktntlI] adv muy a mi
(tu, su, etc) pesar.
rely on [rIlaI n] vt (trust) confiar en.
pt & pp relied.
remade [rimeId] pt & pp remake.
remain [rImeIn] vi 1 (stay) quedarse,
permanecer. 2 (be left) quedar, sobrar.
3 (continue) seguir, continuar.
P n pl remains restos mpl.
remainder [rImeIndr] n resto.
remake [ (n) rimeIk ; (vb) rimeIk] n
nueva versin f.
P vt hacer una nueva versin de.
pt & pp remade [rimeId].
remark [rImAk] n observacin f.
P vt 1 (say) observar, comentar. 2 (no-
tice) advertir.
a to remark on vt insep comentar.
remarkable [rImAkbl] adj 1 (excep-
tional) extraordinario,-a, excepcio
nal. 2 (odd) extrao,-a; (surprising) sor
prendente, curioso,-a.
remedy [remdI] n remedio.
pl remedies.
P vt remediar.
310
remember [rImembr] vt 1 recordar,
acordarse de. 2 (commemorate) recordar.
acordarse, recordar.
P vi
. La diferencia entre remember y remind
es que remember se refiere al acto de recor
dar algo (acordarse de) y remind se emplea
cuando se le recuerda algo a alguien.
remind [rImaInd] vt recordar.
. Consulta tambin remember.
reminder [rImaIndr] n 1 (note) recor
datorio. 2 (of payment due) aviso. 3
(keepsake) recuerdo.
remorse [rIms] n remordimiento.
remote [rImUt] adj 1 (far away) remo
to,-a, lejano,-a. 2 (lonely) aislado,-a,
apartado,-a. 3 (person) distante. c o m p
remote control mando a distancia.
removal [rImUvl] n 1 (getting rid of) elimi
nacin f; (surgically) extirpacin f. 2 (mov-
ing) traslado; (to another house) traslado,
mudanza. 3 (from post) destitucin f.
remove [rImUv] vt 1 (get rid of - gen)
quitar, eliminar; (- surgically) extirpar.
2 (take out, take off) quitar. 3 (move) tras
ladar. 4 (dismiss) destituir.
P vi (change houses) trasladarse.
renaissance [rneIs ns] n renaci
miento. c o m p the Renaissance el Re
nacimiento.
P adj Renaissance renacentista.
rename [rineIm] vt renombrar.
rendezvous [rndIvU] n 1 cita. 2
(place) lugar m de reunin.
pl rendezvous.
renew [rInjU] vt 1 (gen) renovar; (con-
tract, permit, etc) prorrogar. 2 (start again)
reanudar. 3 (replace) sustituir.
renewable [rInjUbl] adj renovable.
c o m p renewable energy energa reno
vable.
renounce [rInaUns] vt renunciar a.
rent [rent] n 1 (for flat, etc) alquiler m. 2
(for land) arriendo.
P vt 1 (flat) alquilar. 2 (land) arrendar.
l o c For rent Se alquila.
, Renta no significa 'renta (ingresos)',
que se traduce por income.

rental [rent
l] n 1 (for flat, etc) alquiler
m. 2 (for land) arriendo.
rented [rentId] adj de alquiler.
reorganise [rignaIz] vt reorganize.
reorganize [rignaIz] vt reorganizar.
repaid [ripeId] pt & pp repay.
repair [rIper] n reparacin f.
P vt reparar, arreglar.
repay [ripeI] vt devolver.
pt & pp repaid, ger repaying.
repeat [rIpit] n 1 (gen) repeticin f. 2
(on television) reposicin f.
P vt & vi repetir.
repel [rIpel] vt 1 (gen) repeler. 2 (disgust)
repugnar, repeler.
pt & pp repelled, ger repelling.
repellent [rIpelnt] n repelente m.
P vt arrepentirse de.
repetition [reptISn] n repeticin f.
repetitive [rIpetItIv] adj repetitivo,-a.
replace [rIpleIs] vt 1 (put back) devol
ver a su sitio. 2 (substitute) reempla
zar, sustituir; (change) cambiar.
replacement [rIpleIsmnt] n 1 (act)
sustitucin f, reemplazo. 2 (person)
sustituto,-a. 3 (thing) otro,-a. 4 (spare
part) recambio, pieza de recambio.
replay [(n) ripleI; (vb) ripleI] n 1 (of film
sequence) repeticin f de la jugada. 2
(match) partido de desempate.
P vt 1 (tape, film) volver a poner. 2
(match) volver a jugar.
reply [rIplaI] n respuesta, contesta
cin f. l o c in reply to en respuesta a.
pl replies.
P vi responder (to, a), contestar (to, a).
pt & pp replied.
report [rIpt] n 1 (informative document)
informe m. 2 (school report) boletn m es
colar, informe m escolar. 3 (piece of news)
noticia. 4 (news story) reportaje m. 5 (ru-
mour) rumor m. 6 (of gun) estampido.
P vi 1 (give information) informar ( on ,
sobre). 2 (go in person) presentarse.
P vt 1 (say, inform) decir. 2 (to authority)
informar de. 3 (to police - crime) denun
ciar; (- accident) dar parte de
reported speech [rIptIdspitS] n es
tilo indirecto.
311 research
reporter [rIpt ] n reportero,-a.
r
represent [reprIzent] vt representar.
representative [reprIzenttIv] adj re
presentativo,-a.
P n 1 representante mf. 2 us diputa
do,-a.
reproach [rIprUtS] n reproche m.
P vt reprochar (for, -).
reproduce [riprdjUs] vt reproducir.
P vi reproducirse.
reproduction [riprdkSn] n repro
duccin f.
reproductive [riprdktIv] adj repro
ductor,-ra.
reptile [reptaIl] n reptil m.
republic [rIpblIk] n repblica.
republican [rIpblIkn] adj republi
cano,-a.
P n republicano,-a.
repugnant [rIpgnnt] adj repugnante.
repulsion [rIplZn] vt 1 (reject) recha
zar. 2 (drive back) repulsar.
repulsive [rIplsIv] adj repulsivo,-a.
reputation [repjUteISn] n reputacin
f, fama. l o c to have a reputation for
tener fama de
request [rIkwest] n 1 solicitud f, peti
cin f. 2 (on radio) cancin f.
P vt 1 (gen) pedir, solicitar; (officially)
rogar. 2 (on radio) pedir.
require [rIkwaIr] vt 1 requerir, exigir.
2 (need) necesitar, requerir. l o c to be
required to do sth estar obligado,-a a
hacer algo.
requirement [rIkwaIment] n 1 (de-
mand) requisito. 2 (need) necesidad f.
reran [rirQn] pt rerun.
R
rerun [(n) rirn; (vb) rirn] n (repetition)
repeticin f; (TV programme) reposi
cin f; (film) reestreno.
P vt (repeat) repetir; (TV programme) re
poner; (film) reestrenar.
pt reran [rirQn], pp rerun [rirn],
ger rerunning.
resat [risAt] pt & pp resit.
rescue [reskjU] n rescate m.
P vt rescatar (from, de).
research [rIstS] n investigacin f.
P vi investigar (into, -).
P vt documentar.
 researcher
researcher [rIstS ] n investigador,-ra.
r
resemblance [rIzemblns] n pareci
do, semejanza.
resemble [rIzembl] vt parecerse a.
resent [rIzent] vt ofenderse por.
resentment [rIzentmnt] n resenti
miento, rencor m.
reservation [rezveISn] n reserva.
reserve [rIzv] n (gen) reserva.
P vt reservar.
reservoir [rezvwAr] n 1 (lake) embal
se m. 2 (store) reserva.
reset [riset] vt 1 (programmer, computer)
reinicializar; (mechanism) rearmar. 2
(clock) poner en hora. 3 (bone) compo
ner. 4 (book) recomponer.
pt & pp reset, ger resetting.
residence [rezIdns] n residencia.
resident [rezIdnt] adj residente.
P n (gen) residente mf; (of area) vecino,
-a; (in hotel) husped,-da.
residential [resIdenSl] adj residencial.
residual [rIzIdjUl] adj residual.
resign [rIzaIn] vi dimitir (from, de),
presentar la dimisin.
P vt dimitir de. l o c to resign os to sth
resignarse a algo.
resignation [rezIgneISn] n 1 (from post)
dimisin f. 2 (acceptance) resignacin
f. l o c to hand in ones resignation pre
sentar la dimisin.
resilience [rIzIlIns] n 1 (flexibility) elasti
cidad f. 2 (strength) fuerza, resistencia.
resin [rezIn] n resina.
resist [rIzIst] vt 1 (not give in to) resistir.
2 (oppose) oponer resistencia a.
resistance [rIzIstns] n 1 (gen) resis
tencia. 2 (opposition) oposicin f. l o c to
put up resistance oponer resistencia.
resistant [rIzIstnt] adj resistente.
resit [(n) risIt; (vb) risIt] n examen m
de repesca.
P vt volver a presentarse a.
pt & pp resat [risIt], ger resitting.
resolution [rezlUSn] n resolucin f.
resort [rIzt] n 1 (place) lugar m de va
caciones. 2 (recourse) recurso.
P virecurrir (to, a).
resource [rIzs] n recurso.
312
respect [rIspekt] n 1 (admiration, consid-
eration) respeto. 2 (aspect) respecto
P vtrespetar.
respectable [rIspektbl] adj 1 (gen)
respetable. 2 (decent) decente.
respiration [respIreISn] n respira
cin f.
respiratory [resprtrI] adj respirato
rio,-a. c o m p respiratory system siste
ma m respiratorio.
respond [rIspnd] vi responder.
response [rIspns] n 1 (gen) respues
ta. 2 (reaction) reaccin f.
responsibility [rIspnsIbIlItI] n res
ponsabilidad f. c o m p to accept respon
sibility for responsabilizarse de.
pl responsibilities.
responsible [rIspnsb l] adj 1 (gen)
responsable. 2 (position) de responsa
bilidad
rest1 [rest] n 1 (repose) descanso, repo
so. 2 (peace) paz f, tranquilidad f. 3
(support) soporte m; (for head) reposa
cabezas m; (for arms) apoyabrazos m.
P vt 1 (relax) descansar. 2 (lean) apo
yar.
P vi 1 (relax) descansar. 2 (be calm) que
darse tranquilo,-a. 3 (depend) depen
der (on, de).
P vt (lean) apoyar.
, To rest no significa 'restar', que se tra
duce por to substract.
rest2 [rest] vi quedar as.
Pn the rest el resto.
restaurant [restrnt] n restaurante m.
restless [restls] adj inquieto,-a. l o c
to grow restless impacientarse.
restoration [restreISn] n 1 (gen) res
tauracin f. 2 (return) devolucin f.
restore [rIstr] vt 1 (gen) restaurar. 2
(return) devolver. 3 (order) restablecer.
restrain [rIstreIn] vt contener.
restrict [rIstrIkt] vt restringir, limitar.
restriction [rIstrIkSn] n (limited) res
triccin f.
result [rIzlt] n 1 resultado. 2 (conse-
quence) consecuencia.
P vi to result from resultar de.
a to result in vt insep producir.

resume [rIzjUm] vt 1 (begin again) rea
nudar. 2 (take over again) volver a asumir.
P vi continuar.
, To resume no significa 'resumir', que
se traduce por to summarize.
rsum [rezjUmeI] n 1 (summary) resu
men m. 2 us (curriculum vitae) currculo,
currculum vitae m.
resuscitate [rIssIteIt] vt reanimar.
retail [riteIl] n venta al detalle, venta
al por menor.
P vt vender al detalle, vender al por
menor.
P adv al detalle, al por menor.
retailer [riteIlr] n detallista mf, mi
norista mf.
retain [rIteIn] vt 1 (keep - power, moisture)
retener; (- heat, charge) conservar. 2 sp
(lead) mantener; (title) revalidar. 3
(possessions) guardar. 4 (remember) rete
ner, recordar. 5 (hold back) contener. 6
(employ) contratar.
retaliate [rItQlIeIt] vi tomar represa
lias (against, contra).
retard [rItAd] vt retardar, retrasar.
retina [retIn] n retina.
pl retinas o retinae [retIni].
retinue [retInjU] n squito.
retire [rItaIr] vt (from work) jubilar.
P vi 1 (from work) jubilarse. 2 (withdraw)
retirarse. 3 (go to bed) acostarse.
retired [rItaId] adj jubilado,-a.
retirement [rItaInt] n jubilacin f.
retrace [rItreIs] vt desandar, volver
sobre. l o c to retrace ones steps vol
ver sobre sus pasos.
retreat [rItrit] n 1 (withdrawal) retira
da. 2 (place) retiro, refugio.
P vi 1 (withdraw) retirarse. 2 (back down)
dar marcha atrs.
retribution [retrIbjUSn] n justo cas
tigo.
, Retribution no significa 'retribucin
(pago)', que se traduce por pay.
retrospective [retrspektIv] adj 1 (ex-
hibition, etc) retrospectivo,-a. 2 (law)
retroactivo,-a.
313 review
return [rItn] n 1 (coming or going back)
vuelta, regreso. 2 (giving back) devolu
cin f. 3 sp (of ball) devolucin f; (of ser-
vice) resto. 4 (on keyboard) retorno. 5
(ticket) billete m de ida y vuelta. c o m p
return ticket billete m de ida y vuelta.
P vi 1 (come back, go back) volver, regre
sar. 2 (reappear) reaparecer.
P vt 1 (give back) devolver. 2 sp (ball) de
volver; (serve) restar. 3 pol (elect) ele
gir. 4 (verdict) pronunciar. 5 (interest)
producir.
P n pl returns resultados mpl electorales.
returnable [rItnbl] adj retornable.
reunion [rijUnIn] n reencuentro.
, Reunion no significa 'reunin', que se
traduce por meeting.
reunite [rijUnaIt] vt (parts) reunir.
reuse [rijUz] vt (parts) reutilizar.
reveal [rIvil] vt 1 (make known) revelar.
2 (show) dejar ver, mostrar.
, To reveal no significa 'revelar (una
foto)', que se traduce por to develop.
revenge [rIvendZ] n venganza.
P vt vengar. to revenge os vengarse.
loc
revenue [revnjU] n ingresos mpl.
reverberation [rIvbreISn] vt reso
nar, retumbar.
reverse [rIvs] adj inverso,-a.
P n 1 (back - of coin, paper) reverso; (- of
cloth) revs m. 2 auto marcha atrs. 3
(setback) revs m . c o m p reverse gear
marcha atrs. y the reverse side 1 (of
coin, paper) reverso. 2 (of cloth) revs m.
P vt 1 (positions, roles) invertir. 2 (decision)
R
revocar. 3 (vehicle) dar marcha atrs a.
P vi auto poner marcha atrs, dar
marcha atrs.
P n the reverse lo contrario.
revert [rIvt] vi 1 volver (to, a). 2 jur
revertir.
review [rIvjU] n 1 (magazine, show) re
vista. 2 mil revista. 3 (examination)
examen m. 4 (of film, book, etc) crtica.
P vt 1 (troops) pasar revista a. 2 (exam-
ine) examinar. 3 (film, book, etc) hacer
una crtica de. l o c under review bajo
revisin.
 revise
revise [rIvaIz] vt 1 revisar. 2 (correct) co
rregir. 3 (change) modificar. 4 (exami-
nation topic) repasar.
P vi (for exam) repasar.
revision [rIvIZn] n 1 revisin f. 2 (cor-
rection) correccin f. 3 (change) modifi
cacin f. 4 (for exam) repaso.
revival [rIvaIvl] n 1 (rebirth) renaci
miento. 2 (of economy) reactivacin f.
3 (of play) reestreno.
revive [rIvaIv] vt 1 reanimar, reavivar,
despertar. 2 (economy) reactivar. 3
(play) reestrenar. 4 med reanimar.
P vi med volver en s.
revolt [rIvUlt] n (rising) revuelta, rebe
lin f.
P vi (rise) sublevarse (against, contra),
rebelarse (against, contra).
P vt (disgust) repugnar.
revolting [rIvUltIN] adj repugnante,
asqueroso,-a.
revolution [revlUSn] n revolucin f.
revolutionary [revlUSnrI] adj re
volucionario,-a.
P n revolucionario,-a.
revolve [rIvlv] vi girar.
P vt hacer girar.
revolver [rIvlvr] n revlver m.
revolving [rIvlvIN] adj giratorio,-a.
c o m p revolving door puerta giratoria.
reward [rIwd] n recompensa.
P vt recompensar.
rewind [riwaInd] vt rebobinar.
pt & pp rewound [riwaUnd].
rewound [riwaUnd] pt & pp rewind.
rewrite [(vb) riraIt; (n) riraIt] vt volver
a escribir.
pt rewrote [rirUt], pp rewritten [rirItn].
P n nueva versin f.
rewritten [rirItn] pp rewrite.
rewrote [rirUt] pt rewrite.
rheumatism [rUmtIzm] n reuma
tismo, reuma m, rema m.
rhinoceros [raInsrs] n rinoceronte m.
pl rhinoceroses o rhinoceros.
rhizome [raIzUm] n rizoma m.
rhombus [rmbs] n rombo.
pl rhombuses o rhombi [rmbaI].
rhubarb [rUbAb] n ruibarbo.
314
rhyme [raIm] n rima.
P vi rimar (with, con).
rhythm [rIDm] n ritmo.
rhythmic [rIDmIk] adj rtmico,-a. comp
rhythmic gymnastics gimnstica rt
mica.
rib [rIb] n costilla. comp rib cage caja
torcica.
ribbon [rIbn] n 1 cinta. 2 (for hair) lazo.
ribonucleic [raIbUnjUkleIk] adj ribo
nucleico,-a.
rice [raIs] n arroz m. c o m p rice field arro
zal m. y rice pudding arroz m con leche.
rich [rItS] adj 1 rico,-a. 2 (luxurious) sun
tuoso,-a, lujoso,-a. 3 (fertile) frtil. 4
(food) fuerte, pesado,-a.
P n pl riches riqueza f sing.
, Rich no significa 'rico (sabroso)', que
se traduce por tasty.
richness [rItSns] n 1 (wealth) riqueza.
2 (fertility) fertilidad f. 3 (of voice) sono
ridad f. 4 (of colour) viveza.
rid [rId] vt librar. l o c to get rid of des
hacerse de.
pt & pp rid o ridded, ger ridding.
ridden [rIdn] pp ride.
riddle [rIdl] n acertijo, adivinanza.
P vt 1 cribar, seleccionar cuidadosa
mente. 2 (with bullets) acribillar.
ride [raId] n 1 (on bicycle, horse) paseo. 2
(in car) paseo, vuelta; (on bus, train) via
je m, trayecto.
P vi 1 (on horse) montar a caballo; (on bi-
cycle) ir en bicicleta. 2 (in vehicle) viajar.
P vt 1 (horse) montar. 2 (bicycle) montar
en, andar en.
pt rode [rUd] , pp ridden [rIdn] ,
ger riding.
rider [raIdr] n 1 (on horse - man) jinete
m, (woman) amazona. 2 (on bicycle) ci
clista mf. 3 (on motorcycle) motorista mf.
4 (clause) clusula adicional.
ridge [rIdZ] n 1 geog cresta. 2 (of roof)
caballete m.
ridiculous [rIdIkjUls] adj ridculo,-a.
ridicule [rIdIkjUl] n ridculo.
P vt ridiculizar, poner en ridculo.
riding [raIdIN] n equitacin f.
 315
rifle [raIf l] n rifle m, fusil m.
rig [rIg] n plataforma petrolfera.
P vt 1 mar aparejar. 2 fam (fix) amaar.
pt & pp rigged, ger rigging.
right [raIt] adj 1 (not left) derecho,-a. 2
(correct) correcto,-a. 3 (just) justo,-a.
4 (suitable) apropiado,-a, adecuado,-a.
5 fam (total) autntico,-a, total. 6 fam
(okay) bien. l o c all right! bien!, con
forme!, vale! y right away en seguida.
y right now ahora mismo. y to be right
tener razn. y to get it right acertar. y
to put right arreglar, corregir. c o m p
right angle ngulo recto. y right wing
pol derecha.
P adv 1 a la derecha. 2 (correctly) bien,
correctamente. 3 (exactly) justo. 4
(well) bueno, bien.
P n 1 (not left) derecha. 2 (entitlement)
derecho.
P vt 1 corregir. 2 mar enderezar.
right-hand [raIthQnd] adj derecho,-a.
right-handed [raIthQndId] adj dies
tro,-a.
right-wing [raItwIN] adj pol de dere
chas, derechista.
rigid [rIdZId] adj rgido,-a.
rim [rIm] n 1 (gen) borde m, canto. 2 (of
wheel) llanta. 3 (of spectacles) montura.
rind [raInd] n corteza.
ring1 [rIN] n 1 (for finger) anillo, sortija. 2
(hoop) anilla, aro. 3 (circle) crculo; (of
people) corro; (of criminals) red f. 4 (of cir-
cus) pista, arena. 5 (for boxing) ring m,
cuadriltero; (for bullfighting) ruedo.
c o m p ring road cinturn m de ronda.
P vt 1 (put a ring on) anillar. 2 (draw a ring
round) marcar con un crculo. 3 (encir-
cle) rodear.
ring2 [rIN] n 1 (of bell) taido, toque m;
(of doorbell) llamada. 2 (phone call) lla
mada.
P vi 1 (bell) sonar. 2 (ears) zumbar.
P vt 1 (call) llamar. 2 (bell) tocar.
a to ring off vt sep colgar el telfono.
a to ring up vt sep llamar por telfo
no, telefonear.
pt rang [rQN], pp rung [rN].
ringing [rININ] n 1 campaneo, repi
que m. 2 (in ears) zumbido.
road
rink [rINk] n pista de patinaje. c o m p ice
rink pista de hielo.
rinse [rIns] vt 1 (clothes, hair) aclarar. 2
(dishes, mouth) enjuagar.
P n 1 (of clothes) aclarado. 2 (of dishes)
enjuague m. 3 (for hair) tinte m.
riot [raIt] n 1 (in street) disturbio. 2 (in
prison) motn m. c o m p riot police poli
ca antidisturbios.
P vi 1 (in street) provocar disturbios. 2
(in prison) amotinarse.
rip [rIp] n rasgn m, desgarrn m.
P vt rasgar, desgarrar.
pt & pp ripped, ger ripping.
ripe [raIp] adj maduro,-a.
rip-off [rIpf] n fam timo.
ripple [rIp l] n 1 (on water) onda. 2
(sound) murmullo.
P vt rizar.
P vi rizarse.
rise [raIz] n 1 ascenso, subida. 2 (increase)
aumento. 3 (slope) subida, cuesta.
P vi 1 ascender, subir. 2 (increase) au
mentar. 3 (stand up) ponerse de pie. 4
(get up) levantarse. 5 (sun) salir. 6 (river)
nacer. 7 (level of river) crecer. 8 (moun-
tains) elevarse.
pt rose [rUz], pp risen [rIsn].
risen [rIsn] pp rise.
rising [raIzIN] n (rebellion) levantamiento.
P adj 1 (prices) en aumento. 2 (sun) na
ciente. 3 (land) en pendiente.
risk [rIsk] n riesgo, peligro. l o c to take
a risk correr un riesgo.
P vt arriesgar.
risky [rIskI] adj arriesgado,-a. R
comp riskier, superl riskiest.
ritual [rItjUl] adj risorio.
rite [raIt] n rito.
rival [raIvl] adj competidor,-ra, rival.
P n competidor,-ra, rival mf.
P vt competir con, rivalizar con.
river [rIvr] n ro.
river-bed [rIvbed] n lecho.
riverside [rIvsaId] n ribera, orilla.
rivet [rIvIt] n remache m.
P vt 1 remachar. 2 fig fijar, absorber.
road [rUd] n 1 carretera. 2 (way) cami
no. c o m p road sign seal f de trfico.
 roadway
roadway [rUdweI] n calzada.
roadworks [rUdweks] n pl obras.
roam [rUm] vt vagar por.
P vi vagar.
roar [rr] n 1 (of bull, person) bramido. 2
(of lion, sea) rugido. 3 (of traffic) estruen
do. 4 (of crowd) gritero, clamor m.
P vi 1 (bull, person) bramar. 2 (lion, sea)
rugir.
roast [rUst] adj asado,-a. c o m p roast
beef rosbif m. y roast potato patata al
horno.
P n asado.
P vt 1 (meat) asar. 2 (coffee, nuts, etc) tostar.
P vi asarse.
rob [rb] vt 1 robar. 2 (bank) atracar;
(shop) asaltar, robar.
pt & pp robbed, ger robbing.
. Rob no es lo mismo que steal: rob se
usa con la persona robada o con un sitio
que se atraca; steal se usa con el dinero u
objetos robados. Consulta tambin steal.
robber [rbr] n atracador,-a.
robbery [rbrI] n atraco.
robin [rbIn] n petirrojo.
robot [rUbt] n robot m.
rock [rk] n 1 (gen) roca. 2 us piedra. 3
mus rock m, msica rock.
P vt 1 (chair) mecer. 2 (baby) acunar. 3
(upset) sacudir, convulsionar.
P vi (chair) mecerse.
rocket [rkIt] n 1 (missile) cohete m.
c o m p rocket launcher lanzacohetes m.
P vi (rise) dispararse.
rocking-chair [rkINtSer] n mecedora.
rocky [rkI] adj rocoso,-a.
comp rockier, superl rockiest.
rod [rd] n 1 (thin) vara. 2 (thick) barra.
3 (for fishing) caa.
rode [rUd] pt ride.
rodent [rUdnt] n roedor m.
roebuck [rUbk] n corzo.
rogue [rUg] n bribn,-ona, pillo,-a.
role [rUl] n papel, interpretacin m.
roll [rUl] n 1 (gen) rollo. 2 (of film) carre
te m. 3 (list) lista. 4 (of bread) bollo, pa
necillo; (sandwich) bocadillo. c o m p to
call the roll pasar lista.
316
P vt 1 (ball, coin) hacer rodar. 2 (flatten)
allanar, aplanar. 3 (into a ball) enros
car. 4 (paper) enrollar.
a to roll up vt sep 1 enrollar. 2 (into a
ball) enroscar.
P vi enrollarse.
roller [rUlr] n 1 (for painting) rodillo. 2
(wave) ola grande. 3 (for hair) rulo. c o m p
roller coaster montaa rusa. y roller
skating patinaje m sobre ruedas.
rollerblades [rUlbleIdz] n pl patines
mpl en lnea.
ROM [rm] abbr (read-only memory)
memoria solo de lectura; (abbrevia-
tion) ROM f.
Roman [rUmn] adj romano,-a.
P n romano,-a. c o m p Roman numeral
nmero romano.
Romance [rUmQns] adj romnico,-a.
romance [rUmQns] n 1 romance m.
2 (novel) novela romntica.
Romania [rUmeInI] n Rumana.
Romanian [rUmeInIn] adj rumano,-a.
P n 1 (person) rumano,-a. 2 (language)
rumano.
romanise [rUmnaIz] vt romanizar.
romantic [rUmQntIk] adj romnti
co,-a.
roof [rUf] n 1 tejado; (tiled) techado. 2
(of mouth) cielo. 3 (of car, etc) techo. c o m p
flat roof azotea. y roof rack baca. y
roof tiles tejas fpl.
P vt techar.
rooftop [rUftp] n tejado.
rookie [rUkI] n fam novato,-a.
room [rUm] n 1 habitacin f, pieza. 2
(space) espacio, sitio, lugar m. c o m p room
temperature temperatura ambiente.
P vi 1 (lodge) alojarse. 2 (share a room)
compartir una habitacin.
roomy [rUmI] adj espacioso,-a.
comp roomier, superl roomiest.
rooster [rUstr] n gallo.
root1 [rUt] n raz f.
P vtarraigar.
P viarraigar.
rope [rUp] n (gen) cuerda; (thicker) soga.
P vt atar (con cuerdas), amarrar.
a to rope off vt sep acordonar.

rosary [rUzrI] n rosario.
pl rosaries.
rose1 [rUz] n 1 (flower) rosa. 2 (bush) ro
sal m. 3 (colour) rosa m. 4 (of shower, etc)
alcachofa. c o m p rose garden rosaleda.
y rose window rosetn m.
rose2 [rUz] pt rise.
ros [rUzeI] n vino rosado.
rosebud [rUzbd] n capullo de rosa.
rosebush [rUzbS] n rosal m.
rosemary [rUzmrI] n romero.
rot [rt] n 1 (decay) putrefaccin f. 2
(rubbish) tonteras fpl.
P vt pudrir.
P vi pudrirse.
pt & pp rotted, ger rotting.
rotate [rUteIt] vt 1 (spin) hacer girar,
dar vueltas a. 2 (alternate) alternar.
P vi 1 (spin) girar, dar vueltas. 2 (alter-
nate) alternarse.
rotation [rUteISn] n rotacin f.
rotten [rtn] adj podrido,-a.
rough [rf] adj 1 (not smooth) spero,-a,
basto,-a. 2 (road) lleno,-a de baches. 3
(edge) desigual. 4 (rude) rudo,-a. 5 (ap-
proximate) aproximado,-a.
roughly [rflI] adv 1 (about) aproxima
damente; (more or less) ms o menos.
2 (not gently) bruscamente.
round [raUnd] adj redondo,-a.
P n 1 (circle) crculo. 2 (series) serie f, tan
da; (one of a series) ronda. 3 sp (stage of
competition) ronda; (boxing) asalto; (of golf)
partido. 4 (of drinks) ronda. 5 (of police-
man, etc) ronda. 6 (for gun) cartucho. 7 (of
bread) rebanada. c o m p round trip viaje
m de ida y vuelta. y round number n
mero redondo.
P adv 1 (in circles): it goes round and round
da vueltas y vueltas. 2 (about) por ah. 3
(to somebodys house) a casa.
P prep alrededor de.
P vt doblar.
roundabout [raUndbaUt] n 1 tiovi
vo. 2 auto rotonda.
route [rUt] n 1 ruta, camino. 2 (of bus)
lnea, trayecto.
P vt mandar.
router [rUtr] n comput direcciona
dor m, enrutador m.
317 ruler
routine [rutin] n rutina.
row1 [raU] n 1 (fight) ria, pelea. 2 (din,
racket) jaleo.
pelearse.
P vi
row2 [rU] n (line) fila, hilera.
row3 [rU] vi (in a boat) remar.
rowing [rUIN] n remo. c o m p rowing
boat bote m de remos.
royal [rIl] adj real.
royalty [rIltI] n 1 realeza. 2 (people)
miembros mpl de la familia real.
pl royalties.
P n pl royalties (gen) royalties mpl; (of
writer) derechos mpl de autor.
rub [rb] n friega.
P vt (gen) frotar; (hard) restregar.
P vi rozar.
a to rub out vt sep borrar.
P vi borrarse.
pt & pp rubbed, ger rubbing.
rubber [rbr] n 1 caucho, goma. 2
(eraser) goma de borrar. c o m p rubber
band goma elstica. y rubber ring flo
tador m.
rubbish [rbIS] n 1 (refuse) basura.
2 (nonsense) tonteras fpl. c o m p rubbish
bin cubo de la basura. y rubbish
dump vertedero, basurero.
rubella [rUbel] n rubola.
ruby [rUbI] n rub m.
pl rubies.
rucksack [rksQk] n mochila.
rudder [rdr] n timn m.
rude [rUd] adj 1 (person) maleducado,
-a, grosero,-a; (behaviour) grosero,-a; R
(word) malsonante. 2 (improper)
grosero,-a. 3 (crude) rudo,-a, tosco,-a.
rug [rg] n alfombra, alfombrilla.
rugby [rgbI] n rugby m.
ruin [rUIn] n ruina.
P vt 1 arruinar. 2 (spoil) estropear.
ruined [rUInd] adj 1 arruinado,-a. 2
(spoilt) estropeado,-a. 3 (building) en
ruinas.
a to rule out vt sep excluir, descartar.
ruler [rUlr] n 1 gobernante mf, diri
gente mf . 2 (monarch) soberano,-a,
monarca mf. 3 (instrument) regla.
 ruling
ruling [rUlIN] adj (in charge) dirigente;
(governing) en el poder; (reigning) rei
nante.
P n jur fallo.
rum [rm] n ron m.
Rumania [rUmeInI] n Romania.
Rumanian [rUmeInIn] adj-n Roma cin f.
nian.
rumble [rmbl] n (gen) ruido sordo;
(of thunder) estruendo.
P vi (gen) hacer un ruido sordo; (thun-
der) retumbar.
ruminant [rUmInnt] adj rumiante.
P n rumiante m.
run [rn] n 1 carrera. 2 (trip) viaje m; (for
pleasure) paseo. 3 (ski) pista. 4 (in stock-
ing) carrera. 4 (in cricket) carrera. 9 (in
printing) tirada. 10 (at cards) escalera.
l o c to go for a run ir a correr.
P vi 1 (gen) correr. 2 (flow) correr. 3 (op-
erate) funcionar. 4 (trains, buses) circu
lar. 5 (in election) presentarse. 6 (play)
estar en cartel; (contract, etc) seguir vi
gente. 7 (colour) correrse.
P vt 1 (gen) correr. 2 (race) correr en,
participar en. 3 (take by car) llevar,
acompaar. 4 (manage) dirigir, regen
tar. 5 (organize) organizar. 6 (operate) ha
cer funcionar. 7 (pass, submit to) pasar. 8
(publish) publicar. 9 (water) dejar correr.
a to run after vt insep perseguir.
a to run away vi 1 (gen) irse corriendo.
2 (from home, etc) fugarse, escaparse.
a to run down vt sep 1 (knock down)
atropellar. 2 (criticize) criticar. 3 (bat-
tery) agotar.
P vt insep bajar corriendo.
P vi 1 bajar corriendo. 2 (battery) ago
tarse. 3 (clock) pararse.
a to run into vt insep 1 entrar corrien
do en. 2 (car) chocar con. 3 (meet) tro
pezar con.
a to run off vt sep (print) imprimir.
P vi irse corriendo.
a to run out vi 1 salir corriendo. 2 (be
used up - gen) acabarse; (- stocks) ago
tarse. 3 (contract) caducar.
pt ran [rQn], pp run [rn], ger running.
rung1 [rN] n escaln m.
rung2 [rN] pp ring.
318
runner [rnr] n 1 corredor,-ra. 2 (of
sledge) patn m; (of skate) cuchilla. 3 (car-
pet) alfombrilla. 4 (on furniture) tapete
m. c o m p runner bean juda verde.
running [rnIN] n 1 (action) el correr;
(sport) atletismo. 2 (management) direc
P adj 1 (water) corriente. 2 (continuous)
continuo,-a.
runny [rnI] adj 1 (liquid) lquido,-a;
(egg) poco hecho..
comp runnier, superl runniest.
run-up [rnp] n 1 (period before) etapa pre
liminar. 2 (before jumping, etc) carrerilla.
runway [rnweI] n pista de aterrizaje.
rural [rUrl] adj rural.
rush1 [rS] n 1 prisa. 2 (movement) movi
miento impetuoso. c o m p rush hour
hora punta. y rush job trabajo urgente.
P vt 1 (hurry - person) apresurar, dar
prisa a, meter prisa a. 2 (send quickly)
enviar urgentemente. 3 (attack) aba
lanzarse sobre.
P vi ir deprisa, precipitarse.
a to rush in vi entrar corriendo.
a to rush out vi salir corriendo.
rush2 [rS] n (plant) junco.
Russia [rS] n Rusia.
Russian [rSn] adj ruso,-a.
P n 1 (person) ruso,-a. 2 (language) ruso.
rust [rst] n xido, herrumbre m.
P vt oxidar.
P vi oxidar.
rustle [rsl] n (of leaves, etc) crujido; (of
silk) frufr m.
P vt (leaves, etc) hacer crujir.
P vi (leaves, etc) crujir.
P vt (cattle) robar.
P vi (cattle) robar ganado.
rusty [rstI] adj 1 (metal) oxidado,-a. 2
fig oxidado,-a, olvidado,-a.
comp rustier, superl rustiest.
ruthless [rUTls] adj cruel, despiada
do,-a.
Rwanda [rUQnd] n Ruanda.
Rwandan [rUQndn] adj ruands,-esa.
Pn ruands,-esa.
rye [raI] n centeno. c o m p rye bread pan
m de centeno. y rye grass ballica.

S, s [es] n (the letter) S, s f.
saber [seIbr] n us sabre.
sabotage [sQbtAZ] n sabotaje m.
P vt sabotear.
saboteur [sQbtr] n saboteador,-ra.
sabre [seIbr] n sable m.
saccharin [sQkrIn] n sacarina.
sachet [sQSeI] n bolsita, sobrecito.
sack1 [sQk] n (bag) saco.
P vt gb fam despedir a, echar a. l o c to
get the sack ser despedido,-a. y to give
sb the sack despedir a algn.
sack2 [sQk] vt mil saquear.
P n mil saqueo.
, To sack no significa 'sacar', que se tra
duce por to take out.
sacrament [sQkrmnt] n sacramento.
sacred [seIkrd] adj sagrado,-a.
sacrifice [sQkrIfaIs] n 1 (gen) sacrifi
cio. 2 (offering) ofrenda.
P vt sacrificar.
sacrum [sQkrm] n anat sacro.
pl sacra [sQkr].
sad [sQd] adj 1 (unhappy) triste: you look
very sad ests muy triste. 2 (deplorable)
lamentable.
comp sadder, superl saddest.
sadden [sQdn] vt entristecer.
P vi entristecerse.
saddle [sQdl] n (for horse) silla (de
montar); (of bicycle, etc) silln m.
P vt ensillar (up, -).
sadism [seIdIzm] n sadismo.
sadist [seIdIst] n sdico,-a.
sadly [sQdlI] adv tristemente.
sadness [sQdns] n tristeza.
safari [sfArI] n safari m.
S
319
safe [seIf] adj 1 (gen) seguro,-a; (out of dan-
ger) a salvo, fuera de peligro: it's not safe
to play in the road es peligroso jugar en la
calle. 2 (unharmed) ileso,-a, indemne. 3
(not risky - method, investment, choice)
seguro,-a; (subject) no polmico,-a. l o c
safe and sound sano,-a y salvo,-a.
P n caja fuerte, caja de caudales.
safe-conduct [seIfkndkt] n salvo
conducto.
safely [seIflI] adv 1 (for certain) con toda se
guridad: we can safely say that ... podemos
decir con toda seguridad que .... 2 (without
mishap) sin contratiempos, sin acciden
tes. 3 (securely) de manera segura.
safety [seIftI] n seguridad f . c o m p
safety belt cinturn m de seguridad.
y safety match cerilla, fsforo. y safe
ty pin imperdible m.
saffron [sQfrn] n (plant, condiment)
azafrn m.
sag [sQg] vi 1 (shelf, branch, beam, ceiling)
combarse; (roof, bed) hundirse. 2 (de-
mand, prices, etc) caer, bajar. 3 fig (spirits)
flaquear, decaer.
pt & pp sagged, ger sagging.
sage1 [seIdZ] adj sabio,-a.
S
Pn sabio,-a.
sage2 [seIdZ] n bot salvia.
Sagittarius [sQdZIterIs] n Sagitario.
said [sed] pt & pp say.
sail [seIl] n 1 (canvas) vela. 2 (of windmill)
aspa.
P vt 1 (travel) navegar; (cross) cruzar en
barco: she sailed the Atlantic single-hand-
ed cruz el Atlntico sola. 2 (control ship)
gobernar. l o c in full sail a toda vela. y
to set sail zarpar, hacerse a la mar.
P vi 1 (ship, boat) navegar. 2 (begin jour-
ney) zarpar, hacerse a la mar.
 sailing
sailing [seIlIN] n 1 (skill) navegacin f. 2
(sport) vela: we go sailing every weekend ha
cemos vela todos los fines de semana. 3
(departure) salida; (crossing) travesa.
c o m p sailing boat barco de vela, vele
ro.
sailor [seIlr] n marinero.
saint [seInt] n (person) santo,-a.
sake [seIk] n bien m: for your own sake
por tu propio bien; for the kids' sake por
los nios. l o c for God's sake! por el
amor de Dios!, por Dios! y for Heav
en's sake! por el amor de Dios!
salad [sQld] n ensalada. c o m p salad
bowl ensaladera. y salad dressing ali
o, aderezo.
salamander [sQlmQnd r] n sala
mandra.
salami [slAmI] n salami m.
salary [sQlrI] n sueldo, salario.
pl salaries.
sale [seIl] n 1 (act, transaction) venta. 2
(special offer) rebajas fpl, liquidacin f: I
bought it in a sale lo compr en las rebajas.
P n pl sales (amount sold) venta, ventas
fpl; (reductions) rebajas fpl. l o c for sale en
venta. y "For sale" (sign on house, etc) Se
vende. y on sale 1 (available) en venta,
a la venta. 2 (reduced) rebajado,-a.
c o m p clearance sale liquidacin f. y sale
goods artculos mpl rebajados. y sales
assistant dependiente,-a.
salesclerk [seIlzklAk] n us dependien
te,-a.
salesman [seIlzmn] n 1 (gen) vende
dor m; (in shop) dependiente m. 2 (trav-
elling) representante m.
pl salesmen [seIlzmn].
saleswoman [seIlzwUmn] n 1 (gen)
vendedora; (in shop) dependienta. 2
(travelling) representante f.
pl saleswomen [seIlzwImIn].
saline [seIlaIn] adj salino,-a.
saliva [slaIv] n saliva.
salivary [slaIvrI] adj salival.
salmon [sQmn] n 1 (fish) salmn m. 2
(colour) color m salmn.
pl salmon.
320
salmonella [sQlmnel] n 1 (bacteria)
salmonella. 2 (food poisoning) intoxica
cin f.
saloon [slUn] n 1 us taberna, bar m.
2 (public room) sala; (on ship) saln m.
salt [slt] n (gen) sal f. l o c to be the salt
of the earth ser la sal de la tierra.P adj
salado,-a.
P vt 1 (preserve, cure) salar. 2 (season)
echar sal a.
P n pl salts sales fpl.
salted [sltId] adj salado,-a.
salpeter [sltpitr] n us saltpetre.
saltpetre [sltpitr] n salitre m.
salty [sltI] adj salado,-a.
comp saltier, superl saltiest.
salute [slUt] n mil saludo; (firing of
guns) salva.
P vt mil saludar.
, To salute no significa 'saludar (decir
hola)', que se traduce por to say hello.
Salvadorian [sQlvdrIn] adj salva
doreo,-a.
Pn salvadoreo,-a.
samba [sQmb] n (dance) samba.
same [seIm] adj 1 (not different) mismo,-a:
the same day el mismo da. 2 (alike)
mismo,-a, igual, idntico,-a: he's wear-
ing the same tie as you lleva una corbata
igual que la tuya. l o c at the same time 1
(simultaneously) a la vez, al mismo tiem
po. 2 (however) sin embargo, aun as.
P pron the same lo mismo: it won't be the
same without you no ser lo mismo sin ti.
P adv the same igual, del mismo mo
do: they talk the same hablan igual. l o c
c o m p all the same a pesar de todo. y it's
all the same to me me da igual, me da
lo mismo. y the same as igual que, co
mo. y the same to you igualmente!
Samoa [smU] n Samoa.
Samoan [smUn] adj samoano,-a.
P n 1 (person) samoano,-a. 2 (language)
samoano.
sample [sAmpl] n muestra.
P vt probar.
sanatorium [sQntrIm] n sanatorio.
pl sanatoriums o sanatoria [sQn-
trI].

sanction [sQNkSn] n sancin f.
P vt fml sancionar.
sanctuary [sQNktjUrI] n 1 rel (sacred
place) santuario. 2 (gen) refugio, pro
teccin f. 3 (for animals) reserva.
pl sanctuaries.
sand [sQnd] n (gen) arena.
P vt (smooth) lijar (down, -).
P n pl sands (beach) playa f sing; (sand-
bank) banco m sing de arena.
sandal [sQndl] n sandalia.
sandbank [sQndbQNk] n banco de
arena.
sandcastle [sQnkasl] n castillo
de arena.
sander [sQndr] n (machine) lijadora.
sandpaper [sQndpeIpr] n papel m de
lija.
P vt lijar.
sandwich [sQnwIdZ] n (French bread)
bocadillo; (sliced bread) sndwich m.
pl sandwiches.
sandy [ s Q n d I ] adj 1 (beach, etc)
arenoso,-a, de arena. 2 (hair) rubio,-a
oscuro,-a.
comp sandier, superl sandiest.
sane [seIn] adj 1 (person) cuerdo,-a;
(mind) sano,-a. 2 fig (solution, decision, etc)
sensato,-a.
, Sane no significa 'sano (con salud)',
que se traduce por healthy.
sang [sQN] pt sing.
sanitary [sQnItrI] adj 1 (to do with health)
sanitario,-a, de sanidad. 2 (hygienic)
higinico,-a. c o m p sanitary napkin / sani
tary pad / sanitary towel compresa.
sanitation [sQnIteISn] n (public health)
sanidad f (pblica); (hygiene) higiene f.
sank [sQNk] pt sink.
Santa Claus [sQntklz] n Pap m Noel.
sap [sQp] n bot savia.
sapphire [sQfaIr] n zafiro.
sarcasm [sAkQzm] n sarcasmo.
sarcastic [sAkQstIk] adj sarcstico,-a.
sarcophagus [sAkfgs] n sarcfago.
pl sarcophaguses o sarcophagi
[sAkfgaI].
321 saut
sardine [sAdin] n sardina. c o m p to be
packed like sardines estar como sar
dinas en lata.
sat [sQt] pt & pp sit.
satanic [stQnIk] adj satnico,-a.
satchel [sQtSl] n cartera (de colegial),
mochila (de colegial).
satellite [sQtlaIt] n satlite m. comp
satellite dish tv antena parablica. y
satellite television televisin f va sa
tlite.
satin [sQtIn] n satn m, raso.
P adj (made of satin) de satn, de raso.
satisfaction [sQtIsfQkSn] n satisfac
cin f.
satisfactory [sQtIsfQktrI] adj 1
satisfactorio,-a. 2 educ suficiente.
satisfied [sQtIsfaId] adj 1 satisfecho,
-a, complacido,-a, contento,-a. 2
(convinced) convencido,-a.
satisfy [sQtIsfaI] vt 1 (please, make hap-
py) satisfacer, complacer, contentar:
does nothing satisfy you? no hay nada
que te satisfaga? 2 (fulfil) satisfacer. 3
(convince) convencer.
pt & pp satisfied, ger satisfying.
satisfying [sQtIsfaIIN] adj (gen) satisfac
torio,-a; (meal) bueno,-a, delicioso,-a.
satsuma [sQtsum] n mandarina.
saturate [sQtSreIt] vt saturar (with, de).
saturation [sQtSreISn] n saturacin f.
Saturday [sQtdI] n sbado: next Sat-
urday el sbado que viene, el prximo
sbado; on Saturday morning el sbado
por la maana; the following Saturday el
sbado siguiente.
Saturn [sQtn] n Saturno.
sauce [ss] n culin salsa. S
saucepan [sspn] n cazo, cacerola.
saucer [ssr] n platillo.
Saudi [saUdI] adj saud, saudita.
Pn saud mf, saudita mf. c o m p Saudi
Arabia Arabia Saudita.
sauna [sn] n sauna.
sausage [ssIdZ] n salchicha.
saut [sUteI] vt saltear.
pt & pp sauted o sautd, ger saut-
ing.
P adj salteado,-a.
 savage
savage [sQvIdZ] adj 1 (ferocious) feroz;
(cruel) cruel; (violent) violento,-a, sal
vaje: a savage attack un ataque duro. 2
pej (primitive) salvaje.
savanna [svQn] n sabana.
save [seIv] vt 1 (gen) salvar (from, de),
rescatar (from, de): you saved my life! me
has salvado la vida! 2 (not spend) ahorrar:
I've saved $200 towards my holidays he aho
rrado 200 dlares para las vacaciones. 3
(keep, put by - food, strength) guardar, re
servar; (- stamps) coleccionar. 4 sp (goal)
parar. 5 comput guardar, archivar.
P vi (not spend) ahorrar (up, -): we're sav-
ing up to buy a flat ahorramos para com
prar un departamento.
P n sp parada.
saving [seIvIN] n (of time, money) aho
rro, economa.
P n pl savings ahorros mpl. c o m p sav
ings account cuenta de ahorros.
savor [seIvr] n us savour.
savory [seIvrI] adj us savoury.
savour [seIvr] vt saborear.
savoury [seIvrI] adj 1 (salty) salado,
-a; (tasty) sabroso,-a. 2 (respectable,
wholesome) saludable, sano,-a.
P n entrante m salado, canap m.
saw1 [s] n (tool) sierra, serrucho.
P vt serrar.
P vi serrar, cortar.
pt sawed, pp sawed o sawn [sn].
saw2 [sed] pt see.
sawdust [sdst] n serrn m.
sawn [sn] pp saw1.
saxophone [sQksfUn] n saxofn m.
saxophonist [sQksfnIst] n saxofo
nista mf, saxo mf.
say [seI] vt 1 (gen) decir: what did he say?
qu dijo?, qu ha dicho? 2 (prayer) re
zar; (poem, lines) recitar. 3 (think) pensar,
opinar, decir: I say we keep looking creo
que deberamos seguir buscando. 5 (sup-
pose) suponer, poner, decir: come round
at, say, 8.00 pm psate hacia las 8.00, te
parece? l o c it is said that ... dicen que
..., se dice que .... y not to say ... por no
decir .... y that is to say es decir.
pt & pp said [sed].
saying [seIIN] n dicho, decir m.
322
scab [skQb] n med costra, postilla.
scabies [skeIbiz] n med sarna.
scaffold [skQfUld] n 1 (framework) an
damio. 2 (for execution) patbulo, ca
dalso.
scaffolding [skQfldIN] n andamiaje m.
scald [skld] n escaldadura.
P vt escaldar.
scale1 [skeIl] n 1 (of fish, reptile) escama.
2 (on skin) escama.
scale2 [skeIl] n 1 (measure) escala: a met-
ric scale una escala mtrica. 2 (size,
amount) escala, magnitud f. 3 mus es
cala. l o c on a large scale a gran esca
la. c o m p scale model maqueta.
scale3 [skeIl] n (pan) platillo.
P vi sp (weigh) pesar.
P n pl scales (for weighing in shop, kitchen)
balanza; (bathroom, large weights) bscula.
scallop [sklp] n (mollusc) vieira, con
cha de peregrino.
scalp [skQlp] n anat cuero cabelludo.
scalpel [skQlpl] n 1 (surgeon's) bistur
m; (for dissecting) escalpelo. 2 (tool) esco
plo, gubia.
scamper [skQmpr] vi corretear.
scampi [skQmpI] n colas fpl de cigala
rebozadas.
scan [skQn] vt 1 (examine) escrutar, es
cudriar. 2 (glance at) echar un vista
zo a. 3 tech (with radar) explorar. 4
med, inform escanear.
pt & pp scanned, ger scanning.
P n 1 tech (with radar) exploracin f. 2
med (gen) exploracin f ultrasnica;
(in gynaecology, etc) ecografa.
scandal [skQndl] n 1 (outrage) escn
dalo; (disgrace) vergenza. 2 (gossip)
chismorreo.
, Scandal no significa 'escndalo (al
boroto)', que se traduce por racket.
scandalous [skQndls] adj escanda
loso,-a.
, Scandalous no significa 'escandalo
so (ruidoso)', que se traduce por noisy.
scanner [skQnr] n 1 tech (radar) antena
direccional. 2 med, inform escner m.
scapula [skQpjUl] n anat escpula.

scar [skA ] n 1 cicatriz f. 2 fig marca,
r
seal f.
scarce [skes] adj (not plentiful) escaso,-a.
scarcely [skeslI] adv 1 (hardly) ape
nas: I scarcely know them apenas los co
nozco. 2 (surely not) ni mucho menos.
scare [sker] n 1 (fright) susto: what a
scare you gave me! vaya susto me has da
do! 2 (widespread alarm) alarma, pnico.
P vt asustar, espantar: did I scare you?
te he asustado?
P vi asustarse, espantarse.
scarecrow [skekrU] n espantapja
ros m.
scared [sked] adj asustado,-a, espan
tado,-a. l o c to be scared tener miedo
(of, a/de): I'm scared of spiders tengo mie
do a las araas, las araas me dan miedo.
scarf [skAf] n (small) pauelo; (silk) fu
lar m; (long, woollen) bufanda.
pl scarfs o scarves [skAvz].
scarlet [skAlt] adj escarlata.
Pn escarlata m.
scary [skerI] adj fam (situation, etc)
espantoso,-a; (film, story) de miedo,
de terror.
comp scarier, superl scariest.
scatter [skQtr] vt 1 (crowd, birds) dis
persar. 2 (papers, cushions, etc) esparcir,
desparramar; (money) derrochar.
P vi dispersarse.
scenario [sInArIU] n 1 (of film) guion
m; (in theatre) argumento. 2 (situation)
(posible) situacin f, panorama m.
pl scenarios.
, Scenario no significa 'escenario', que
se traduce por stage.
scene [sin] n 1 (place) lugar m, escena
rio; (sight, picture) escena. 2 (in play,
book) escena. 3 (stage setting) decorado,
escenario.
scenery [sinrI] n 1 (landscape) paisaje
m. 2 theat (on stage) decorado.
scent [sent] n 1 (gen) olor m; (pleasant
smell) aroma m. 2 (perfume) perfume m.
3 (track, trail) pista, rastro.
P vt 1 (animal) olfatear. 2 fig (suspect) in
tuir. 3 (perfume) perfumar (with, de).
scepter [septr] n us sceptre.
323 school
sceptical [skeptIkl] adj escptico,-a.
sceptre [septr] n cetro.
schedule [SedjUl, US skedjUl] n 1 (pro-
gramme) programa m: a work schedule
un programa de trabajo. 2 (list - gen) lis
ta. 3 us (timetable) horario. l o c on
schedule 1 (flight) a la hora (prevista).
2 (work) al da. y to be ahead of sched
ule ir adelantado,-a. y to be behind
schedule ir retrasado,-a.
P vt programar, fijar.
schematic [skimQtIk] adj esquemti
co,-a.
scheme [skim] n 1 (plan) plan m; (pro-
ject) proyecto. 2 (system, order) sistema
m, orden m; (arrangement) disposicin
f, combinacin f: a colour scheme una
combinacin de colores. 3 (plot) com
plot m, conspiracin f.
P vi (plot) conspirar, intrigar, confa
bularse.
P vt (plan deviously) tramar, maquinar.
, Scheme no significa 'esquema (resu
men)', que se traduce por outline.
schism [skIzm] n cisma m.
schizophrenia [skItsUfrinI] n es
quizofrenia.
schizophrenic [skItsUfrenIk] adj
esquizofrnico,-a.
scholar [sklr] n 1 (learned person) eru
dito,-a; (specialist) especialista mf: Latin
scholar latinista. 2 (scholarship holder) be
cario,-a. 3 (good learner) estudiante mf.
, Scholar no significa 'escolar (alum
no)', que se traduce por school pupil.
scholarship [sklSIp] n 1 (grant, award)
beca. 2 (learning) erudicin f. S
school1 [skUl] n 1 (gen) escuela, cole
gio: what are you going to do when you
leave school? qu hars cuando dejes el
colegio? 2 (lessons) clase f: let's meet after
school quedemos despus de clase. 3
(university department) facultad f. 4 (group
of artists, etc) escuela: the Dutch school of
painting la escuela pictrica holandesa.
c o m p school age edad f escolar.
P vt 1 (teach) ensear; (train) educar,
formar. 2 (discipline) disciplinar.
 school
school 2
[skUl] n (of fish) banco, cardu
men de peces.
schoolbook [skUlbUk] n libro de texto.
schoolboy [skUlbI] n alumno, esco
lar m.
schoolchild [skUltSaIld] n alumno,-a,
escolar mf.
pl schoolchildren [skultSIldrn].
schoolgirl [skUlgl] n alumna, esco
lar f.
school-leaver [skUllivr] n alumno,-a
que est a punto de dejar la escuela.
schoolteacher [skUltitSr] n (second-
ary school) profesor,-ra; (primary school)
maestro,-a.
science [saIns] n 1 (gen) ciencia. 2
(subject) ciencias fpl. c o m p science fic
tion ciencia ficcin.
scientific [saIntIfIk] adj cientfico,-a.
scientist [saIntIst] n cientfico,-a.
scissors [sIzz] n pl tijeras fpl. c o m p a
pair of scissors unas tijeras.
scold [skUld] vt reir, regaar.
scone [skUn, skn] n culin bollo (que se
suele comer con mantequilla, mermelada, nata, etc).
scoop [skUp] n 1 (for flour, rice, etc) pala; (for
ice-cream) cucharn m. 2 (amount) palada,
cucharada. 3 (news story) primicia.
P vt 1 (take out) sacar con una pala. 2
(beat rival) vencer, pisar; (get news first)
dar la primicia. 3 (win) ganar; (make
profit) forrarse.
scooter [skUtr] n (child's) patinete m,
patineta; (motorized) escter m, Vespa.
scope [skUp] n alcance m: that is beyond
the scope of this report eso queda fuera del
alcance de este informe.
scorch [sktS] vt 1 (singe) chamuscar,.
2 (burn) quemar, abrasar.
P vi 1 (singe) chamuscarse. 2 gb fam
(travel fast) ir a toda velocidad.
score [skr] n 1 sp (gen) tanteo; (in golf,
cards) puntuacin f: what's the score?
cmo van? 2 (in exam, test) nota, califi
cacin f. 3 mus (written version) partitu
ra; (of film, play, etc) msica.
P vt 1 sp (goal) marcar, hacer, meter;
(point) ganar; (run) hacer, realizar: he
scored the winning goal marc el gol deci
324
sivo. 2 (in exam, test) sacar, obtener,
conseguir. 3 (give points to) dar, pun
tuar: this question scores 10 points esta
pregunta vale 10 puntos.
P vi sp (gen) marcar (un tanto); (goal)
marcar (un gol); (point) puntuar, con
seguir puntos.
scoreboard [skbd] n marcador m.
scorer [skrr] n 1 (scorekeeper) encar
gado,-a del marcador. 2 (goal striker)
goleador,-ra.
scorn [skn] n desdn m, desprecio.
P vt desdear, despreciar, menospreciar.
Scorpio [skpIU] n Escorpin mf.
scorpion [skpIn] n escorpin m,
alacrn m.
Scot [skt] n escocs,-esa.
Scotland [sktlnd] n Escocia.
Scottish [sktIS] adj escocs,-esa.
scourer [skaUrr] n estropajo.
scout [skaUt] n 1 mil (person) explora
dor,-ra; (plane) avin m de reconoci
miento. 2 (boy) scout m.
scowl [skaUl] vi fruncir el ceo.
P n ceo (fruncido).
scrabble [skrQbl] vi (among stones, etc)
escarbar; (in bag, etc) hurgar; (on floor,
etc) rebuscar.
scramble [skrQmbl] vi trepar (over,
por) (up, a), subir gateando. (clamber)
moverse rpidamente.
P vt 1 (mix, jumble) revolver, mezclar. 2
(eggs) revolver.
scrambled eggs [skrAmbleld egz] n
pl huevos revueltos.
scrap [skrQp] n 1 (of paper, cloth, etc) tro
zo, pedazo; (of news, conversation) frag
mento, migaja. 2 (of metal) chatarra. 3
(in negatives) pizca, pice m.
P vt 1 (throw away) desechar; (cars, etc)
desguazar. 2 fig (idea) descartar; (plan)
abandonar.
pt & pp scrapped, ger scrapping.
P n pl scraps (gen) restos mpl.
scrapbook [skrQpbUk] n lbum m de
recortes.
scrape [skreIp] vt 1 (surface, paint, etc) ras
par (away/off, -), rascar (away/off, -): he
scraped the paint off the door rasp la pintura

de la puerta. 2 (graze skin) araarse. 3 (rub
against) rozar, raspar, rascar.
P vi 1 (grate) chirriar. 2 (rub against) ras
par, rozar. 3 (economize) hacer econo
mas, ahorrar.
scratch [skrQtS] n araazo, rasguo:
there's a scratch on this record este disco
est rayado.
P adj 1 (improvised) improvisado,-a.
comp scratchier, superl scratchiest.
P vt 1 (with nail, claw) araar, rasguar;
(paintwork, furniture, record) rayar. 2 (part
of body) rascar: she scratched her leg se
rasc la pierna.
P vi 1 (animal) araar, rascar, rasgu
ar; (pen) raspear; (wool, sweater, towel)
raspar, picar. 2 (itch) rascarse.
scream [skrim] n 1 (of pain, fear) grito,
chillido, alarido; (of laughter) carcajada.
2 fig (screech) chirrido. 3 fam (funny per-
son) persona divertida; (funny thing) cosa
divertida: your cousin's a scream tu primo
es la monda, tu primo es divertidsimo.
P vi 1 (gen) gritar, chillar,; (wind, siren,
etc) aullar: she screamed for help pidi so
corro a gritos; he was screaming with
laughter se mondaba de risa, se troncha
ba de risa. 2 fig (need) pedir (a gritos),
clamar (a gritos).
screech [skritS] n (of person) grito, ala
rido, chillido; (of tyres, brakes, birds, etc)
chirrido; (of siren) aullido. c o m p
screech owl lechuza.
P vt gritar, decir a gritos, chillar.
P vi (person) chillar; (tyres, brakes, bird, etc)
chirriar; (siren) aullar; (gate) rechinar.
screen [skrin] n 1 (partition) biombo,
mampara. 2 (for window) mosquitera.
3 (protection, cover) cortina, pantalla. 4
(of TV, for projection) pantalla.
P n the screen la pantalla, el cine.
screenplay [skrinpleI] n guion m.
screensaver [skrinseIv r] n salva
pantallas m.
screw [skrU] n 1 (metal pin) tornillo. 2
(propeller) hlice f. 3 (turn) vuelta.
P vt 1 (fasten with screws) atornillar;
(tighten) enroscar, apretar: screw the two
pieces together une las dos piezas con
tornillos. 2 (crumple) arrugar. 3 (cheat,
325 sculpture
swindle) timar; (overcharge) clavar; (get
money out of) sacar.
P vi (turn, tighten) atornillarse, enros
carse.
screwdriver [skrUdraIvr] n (tool) des
tornillador m.
scribble [skrIbl] n garabato, garaba
tos mpl.
P vt garabatear, garrapatear.
scribe [skraIb] n 1 (copier) escribiente
mf, amanuense mf. 2 (in Biblical times)
escriba m.
script [skrIpt] n 1 (of film, etc) guion m. 2
(writing) escritura; (text) texto; (hand-
writing) letra.
scroll [skrUl] n comput barra de des
plazamiento.
a to scroll down vi comput desplazar
se hacia abajo.
a to scroll up vi comput desplazarse
hacia arriba.
scrooge [skrUdZ] n fam pej tacao,-a.
scrotum [skrUtm] n anat escroto.
pl scrotums o scrota [skrUt].
scrounge [skraUndZ] vi fam gorrear
(from/off, a), vivir de gorra.
P vt (gen) gorrear (from/off, a), gorro
near (from/off, a): he scrounges fags off
his friends gorronea pitillos a los amigos.
scrub1 [skrb] n (undergrowth) maleza.
scrub2 [skrb] vt 1 (clean) fregar bien,
restregar. 2 fam (cancel) cancelar.
pt & pp scrubbed, ger scrubbing.
scruffy [skrfI] adj desaliado,-a.
comp scruffier, superl scruffiest.
scrupulous [skrUpjUls] adj (meticulous)
escrupuloso,-a.
scrutinize [skrUtInaIz] vt escudriar. S
scrutiny [skrUtInI] n 1 (examination)
examen m profundo. 2 gb (of votes) es
crutinio. l o c to be under scrutiny ser
analizado,-a.
scuba [skjUb] n equipo de submari
nismo. c o m p scuba diving submari
nismo, buceo con botellas de ox
geno.
sculptor [sklptr] n escultor,-ra.
sculpture [sklptSr] n escultura.
P vt esculpir (in, en).
 scythe
scythe [saID] n guadaa.
sea [si] n 1 mar m & f: we love swimming
in the sea nos encanta nadar en el mar. 2
fig mar m, multitud f: a sea of faces un
mar de caras. l o c at sea en el mar. y by
sea por mar, en barco. y by the sea a
orillas del mar. y out to sea mar
adentro. y to go by sea ir en barco.
c o m p sea bird ave f marina. y sea lion
len marino. y sea mile milla mari
na. y sea wall dique m, rompeolas m.
P adj martimo,-a, de mar.
seabed [sibed] n fondo marino.
seafood [sifUd] n marisco, mariscos mpl.
seagull [sigl] n gaviota.
seahorse [sihs] n caballito de mar,
hipocampo.
seal1 [sil] n zool foca.
seal2 [sil] n 1 (official stamp) sello: wax
seal sello de lacre. 2 (on letter) sello; (on
bottle, etc) precinto.
seam [sim] n 1 sew costura. 2 geol (of
mineral) veta, filn m: coal seam veta de
carbn.
seaman [simn] n marinero, marino.
pl seamen [simn].
search [stS] n (gen) bsqueda (for, de);
(of building) registro; (of person) registro.
l o c in search of en busca de. l o c search
warrant orden f de registro.
P vt (gen) buscar (for, -); (building, suit-
case, etc) registrar; (person) registrar,
revisar: they searched the house for clues
registraron la casa buscando pistas.
P vi (gen) buscar ( through , entre);
(pockets) registrar.
seashell [siSel] n concha (de mar).
seashore [siSr] n (coast) orilla del mar.
seasick [sisIk] adj mareado,-a.
seasickness [sisIkns] n mareo.
seaside [sisaId] n playa, costa. l o c
c o m p seaside resort lugar m de vera
neo en la costa.
season [sizn] n (of year) estacin f;
(time) poca; (for sport, theatre, social activity)
temporada: the tourist season la tempo
rada turstica. l o c to be in season 1 (fresh
food) estar en sazn. 2 (game) ser tem
porada de: strawberries are in season es
326
temporada de fresas. y to go in season ir
en temporada alta. y to go off/out of
season ir en temporada baja.
P vt 1 (food) sazonar (with, con), con
dimentar (with, con).
seasonal [siznl] adj estacional.
seasoning [siznIN] n culin condi
mento.
seat [sit] n 1 (chair - gen) asiento; (- in
cinema, theatre) butaca: I'd like a window
seat quisiera un asiento al lado de la
ventanilla. 2 (place) plaza; (at theatre, op-
era, stadium) localidad f. 3 pol (in parlia-
ment) escao. l o c to take a seat sen
tarse, tomar asiento. c o m p seat belt
cinturn m de seguridad.
P vt 1 (sit) sentar. 2 (accommodate) tener
sitio para; (theatre, hall, etc) tener cabi
da para. l o c please be seated sinte
se/sintense por favor. y to seat os
sentarse.
seaweed [siwid] n alga (marina).
second1 [seknd] n 1 (time) segundo:
Powell's time was 9.77 seconds Powell hizo
un tiempo de 9,77 segundos. 2 fam mo
mento, momentito: I'll be back in a sec-
ond enseguida vuelvo. c o m p second hand
(of watch) segundero. y second name
apellido.
second2 [seknd] adj (gen) segundo,-a;
(another) otro,-a: it's the second largest city
in England es la segunda ciudad ms
grande de Inglaterra. l o c to have sec
ond helpings repetir. y to have second
thoughts (about sth) entrarle dudas a
uno (sobre algo), cambiar de idea
(sobre algo). c o m p second floor 1 gb
primer piso. 2 us segundo piso. y
second name apellido.
P pron segundo,-a.
P n 1 (in series) segundo,-a. 2 gb (degree)
notable m.
P adv segundo, en segundo lugar: he
came second lleg segundo, qued en se
gundo lugar.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
secondary [sekndrI] adj secunda
rio,-a. c o m p secondary school colegio
de enseanza secundaria, instituto
de bachillerato .

second-class [sekndklAs] adj de se
gunda (clase).
second-degree [seknddIgri] adj med
de segundo grado. c o m p second-de
gree burns quemaduras fpl de segun
do grado.
second-hand [sekndhQnd] adj 1 (used,
not new) de segunda mano, usado,-a,
viejo,-a: we bought a second-hand car
compramos un coche de segunda mano.
P adv 1 (buy) de segunda mano. 2
(learn, find out) por terceros.
secret [sikrt] adj (gen) secreto,-a: this
is my secret hiding-place ste es mi escon
dite secreto.
P n 1 (gen) secreto; (something confided) se
creto, confidencia. 2 (method, key) secre
to, clave f. l o c in secret en secreto. y to
keep a secret guardar un secreto.
secretary [sekrtrI] n 1 secretario,-
a. 2 (non-elected official) ministro,-a;
(representative below ambassador)
ministro,-a plenipotenciario,-a.
pl secretaries.
secrete [sIkrit] vt 1 (emit liquid) secre
tar, segregar. 2 fml (hide) ocultar, es
conder.
secretion [sIkriSn] n (of liquid) secre
cin f.
secretly [sikrtlI] adv en secreto.
sect [sekt] n secta.
section [sekSn] n seccin f.
sector [sekt] n (gen) sector m.
secular [sekjUl r] adj (education) lai
co,-a; (art, music) profano,-a.
, Secular no significa 'secular (anti
guo)', que se traduce por ancient.
secure [sIkjU r] adj 1 (job, income, etc)
seguro,-a; (relationship, etc) estable. 2
(ladder, shelf, foothold) firme; (stronghold)
seguro,-a; (base, foundation) slido,-a.
P vt 1 (make safe) asegurar; (protect) pro
teger (from, de), (against, contra). 2
(fasten) cerrar bien. 3 (obtain) obtener,
conseguir.
, Secure no significa 'seguro', que se
traduce por sure.
securely [sIkjUlI] adv bien.
327 see
security [sIkjUrtI] n 1 (safety, confi-
dence) seguridad f. 2 (protection) seguri
dad f. c o m p security guard guarda mf
de seguridad. y security service servi
cio de seguridad. y security van fur
goneta blindada.
pl securities.
sedan [sIdQn] n us (car) berlina.
sedate [sIdeIt] vt med sedar.
sedative [sedtIv] n sedante m, cal
mante m.
P adj sedante.
sedentary [sedntrI] adj sedenta
rio,-a.
sediment [sedImnt] n sedimento.
sedimentary [sedImentrI] adj sedi
mentario,-a.
sedimentation [sedImenteISn] n se
dimentacin f.
seduction [sIdkSn] n (sexual) seduc
cin f.
see [si] vt 1 (gen) ver: you can see the sea
from here desde aqu se ve el mar; see page
123 vase la pgina 123. 2 (meet, visit) ver;
(receive) ver, atender; (go out with) salir
con: I'm seeing Pat on Friday he quedado
con Pat el viernes. 3 (understand) com
prender, entender, ver: I can see your
point entiendo tu punto de vista. 4 (visual-
ize, imagine) imaginarse, ver; (envisage)
creer: I can't see him working in a factory no
me lo imagino trabajando en una fbrica.
5 (find out, discover) ver; (learn) or, leer: I'll
see what I can do ver lo que puedo hacer.
6 (ensure, check) asegurarse de, procu
rar: see that you arrive on time procura lle
gar a la hora. 7 (accompany) acompaar:
he saw me home me acompa a casa.
P vi 1 (gen) ver: she can't see without her
S
glasses no ve sin las gafas. 2 (find out, dis-
cover) ver: we'll have to see ya veremos. 3
(understand) entender, ver: oh, I see ah, ya
veo. l o c I'll be seeing you! hasta luego!
y let me see/let's see a ver, vamos a
ver. y seeing is believing ver para creer.
y see you around ya nos veremos. y see
you later/soon/Monday! hasta luego/
pronto/el lunes! y you see 1 (in explana-
tions) vers. 2 (in questions) sabes?, ves?
pt saw [s], pp seen [sin], ger seeing.
 seed
seed [sid] n bot (gen) semilla; (of fruit)
pepita: sunflower seeds pipas.
P vt 1 (plant seeds) sembrar (with, de).
2 (remove seed) despepitar.
seek [sik] vt 1 (look for, try to obtain) bus
car: the homeless seek food and shelter la
gente sin techo busca comida y aloja
miento. 2 (ask for) pedir, solicitar. 3
(attempt, try) tratar de, intentar.
P vi (look for, try to obtain) buscar (after/
for, -), ir en busca de.
pt & pp sought [st].
seem [sim] vi (appear) parecer: she seems
nice parece maja; it seems like there's going to
be a storm parece que va a haber una tor
menta. l o c so it seems eso parece.
seemingly [simINlI] adv 1 (used with
adjective) aparentemente. 2 (used sepa-
rately) al parecer, segn parece.
seen [sin] pp see.
seep [sip] vi filtrarse.
seesaw [sis] n (for children) balancn
m, subibaja m.
see-through [siTrU] adj transparente.
segment [segmnt] n (gen) segmento;
(of orange) gajo.
seize [siz] vt 1 (grab) asir, agarrar, coger:
he seized my arm me agarr del brazo. 2
(opportunity) aprovechar. 3 (take control of)
tomar, apoderarse de. 4 (person - arrest)
detener; (- take hostage) secuestrar. l o c
to be seized with sth (pain, fear, panic, etc)
apoderarse algo de uno.
seldom [seldm] adv raramente, po
cas veces: we seldom eat out pocas veces
comemos fuera.
select [sIlekt] vt (thing) escoger, elegir;
(team, player, candidate) seleccionar.
P adj selecto,-a, escogido,-a.
selection [sIlekSn] n 1 (people or things
chosen) seleccin f; (choosing) eleccin f.
2 (range to choose from) surtido, gama.
selective [sIlektIv] adj selectivo,-a.
self [self] n 1 ser m, uno,-a mismo,-a,
s mismo,-a: he was his usual self again
volvi a ser l mismo. 2 (in psychology)
yo: my other self mi otro yo.
pl selves.
self-adhesive [selfdhisIv] adj au
toadhesivo,-a, autoadherente.
328
self-catering [selfkeItrIN] adj sin ser
vicio de comidas.
self-confident [selfknfIdnt] adj se
guro,-a de s mismo,-a.
self-control [selfkntrUl] n dominio
de s mismo,-a, autocontrol m.
self-defence [selfdIfens] n defensa
personal, autodefensa. l o c to act in
self-defence actuar en defensa pro
pia.
self-employed [selfImplId] adj aut
nom o,-a, que trabaja por cuenta
propia.
self-esteem [selfIstim] n amor m
propio.
self-government [selfgvnmnt] n
autonoma, autogobierno.
self-help [selfhelp] n autoayuda.
selfish [selfIS] adj egosta.
selfishness [selfISns] n egosmo.
self-made [selfmeId] adj (man, woman)
que ha llegado donde est por sus
propios esfuerzos, que se ha hecho
a s mismo,-a .
self-portrait [selfptreIt] n autorre
trato.
self-respect [selfrIspekt] n amor m
propio, dignidad f.
self-service [selfsvIs] adj de auto
servicio.
P n autoservicio.
self-sufficient [selfsfISnt] adj auto
suficiente.
sell [sel] vt 1 (gen) vender: he sold his bike
to his neighbour vendi la bici a su veci
no. 2 fam (convince) convencer de.
P vi (product) venderse: these plants sell
at a pound each estas plantas se venden a
una libra cada una. l o c to be sold out
estar agotado,-a.
a to sell off vt sep liquidar.
a to sell out vi 1 (be disloyal) claudicar,
venderse. 2 comm (sell all of) agotarse
(of, -), acabarse (of, -).
P vt sep comm (sell all of) agotar, agotar
las existencias de.
pt & pp sold [sUld].
sell-by date [selbaIdeIt] n fecha lmi
te de venta, fecha de caducidad.

seller [sel ] n (person) vendedor,-ra.
r
Sellotape [selteIp] n celo.
sell-out [selaUt] n 1 (performance) xito
de taquilla. 2 fam (betrayal) traicin f,
engao.
semantic [sImQntIk] adj semntico,-a.
semen [simn] n semen m.
semester [sImestr] n semestre m.
semiautomatic [semItmQtIk] adj
semiautomtico,-a.
semicircle [semIskl] n semicrculo.
semicolon [semIkUln] n punto y
coma m.
semidetached [semIdItQtSt] adj pa
reado,-a.
Pn (house) casa pareada.
semifinal [semIfaInl] n semifinal f.
semifinalist [semIfaInlIst] n semifi
nalista mf.
seminal [semInl] adj seminal.
semiskimmed [semIskImd] adj semi
desnatado,-a, semidescremado,-a.
semolina [semlin] n smola.
senate [sent] n pol senado.
senator [sentr] n senador,-ra.
send [send] vt 1 (gen) enviar, mandar;
(telex, telegram) enviar, poner; (radio sig-
nal, radio message) transmitir, emitir: he
sent me some flowers me mand flores. 2
(order to go) mandar, enviar: the doctor
sent me to a specialist el mdico me man
d a un especialista. 3 (cause to become)
volver, hacer: the noise sent her mad el
ruido la volvi loca.
P vi (send a message) avisar.
a to send away vt sep despachar.
a to send back vt sep 1 (goods, etc) de
volver. 2 (person) hacer volver.
a to send for vt insep 1 (person) llamar a,
hacer llamar a. 2 (thing) pedir, encargar.
a to send in vt sep (application, request)
mandar, enviar.
pt & pp sent [sent].
sender [sendr] n remitente mf.
Senegal [senIgl] n Senegal.
Senegalese [senIgliz] adj senega
ls,-esa.
Pn senegals,-esa.
P n pl the Senegalese los senegaleses mpl.
329 sensitive
senile [sinaIl] adj senil.
senior [sinIr] adj 1 (in age) mayor: he's
five years senior to me es cinco aos ma
yor que yo. 2 (in rank) superior; (with
longer service) ms antiguo,-a, de ma
yor antigedad. c o m p senior citizen
jubilado,-a.
P n 1 (in age) mayor mf; (in rank) supe
rior fm. 2 gb (pupil) mayor mf. 3 us es
tudiante mf del ltimo curso.
, To accord no significa 'acordar', que
se traduce por to agree.
sensation [senseISn] n (gen) sensa
cin f; (ability to feel) sensibilidad f.
sensational [senseISnl] adj 1 fam
(wonderful) sensacional. 2 (exaggerated)
sensacionalista.
sensationalist [senseISnlIst] adj
sensacionalista.
sense [sens] n 1 (faculty) sentido: sense
of smell sentido del olfato. 2 (feeling - of
well-being, loss) sensacin f; (awareness,
appreciation - of justice, duty) sentido. 3
(wisdom, judgement) sentido comn.
4 (meaning - gen) sentido; (- of word) sig
nificado, acepcin f: in every sense of
the word en todos los sentidos. l o c in a
sense hasta cierto punto, en cierto
sentido. y in no sense de ninguna
manera. y to make sense 1 (have clear
meaning) tener sentido. 2 (be sensible)
ser razonable, ser sensato,-a. y to
talk sense hablar con juicio. c o m p
sense of humour sentido del humor.
senseless [sensls] adj 1 (unconscious) in
consciente. 2 (foolish, pointless)
absurdo,-a, sin sentido, insensato,-a.
sensibility [sensIbIltI] n sensibilidad f. S
P n pl sensibilities susceptibilidad f sing.
sensible [sensIbl] adj 1 (person)
sensato,-a; (behaviour, decision) razona
ble, prudente; (choice) acertado,-a. 2
(clothes) cmodo,-a.
, Sensible no significa 'sensible', que
se traduce por sensitive.
sensitive [sensItIv] adj 1 (person - percep-
tive) sensible (to, a), consciente (to, de).
2 (person - touchy) susceptible (to, a),
 sensitivity
preocupado,-a (about, por). 3 (teeth, pa-
per, instrument, film) sensible (to,-a).
sensitivity [sensItIvtI] n 1 (gen) sen
sibilidad f (to, a/frente a). 2 (touchi-
ness) susceptibilidad f (to, a). 3 (of skin,
issue) delicadeza.
sensor [sensr] n tech sensor m, de
tector m.
sent [sent] pt & pp send.
sentence [sentns] n 1 (gen) frase f; (in
grammar) oracin f. 2 jur sentencia, fallo.
P vt jur condenar.
, Sentence no significa 'sentencia
(mxima)', que se traduce por saying.
sentimental [sentImentl] adj senti
mental.
sentry [sentrI] n centinela m.
pl sentries.
sepal [sepl] n bot spalo.
separate [(vb) sepreIt; (adj) seprt] vt
separar (from, de).
P vi 1 (gen) separarse.
P adj 1 (apart) separado,-a: keep the
sheep separate from the goats mantn a las
ovejas separadas de las cabras. 2 (not
shared) separado,-a, individual: we had
separate rooms cada uno tena su habita
cin. 3 (different) distinto,-a, diferente.
separately [seprtlI] adv por separa
do, aparte.
separation [sepreISn] n separacin f.
sepia [sipI] adj sepia.
September [sptembr] n septiem
bre m, setiembre m.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta May.
septic [septIk] adj sptico,-a.
septum [septm] n anat septo.
pl septa [sept].
sepulcher [seplkr] n us sepulchre.
sepulchre [seplkr] n sepulcro.
sequel [sikwl] n 1 (result, consequence) se
cuela. 2 (book, film, etc) segunda parte f.
sequence [sikwns] n secuencia, or
den m.
sequoia [sIkwI] n secoya, secuoya.
Serb [sb] n (person) serbio,-a.
P adj serbio,-a.
330
Serbia [sbI] n Serbia.
Serbian [sbIn] n 1 (person) serbio,
-a. 2 (dialect) serbio.
serbio,-a.
P adj
serf [sf] n siervo,-a.
sergeant [sAdZnt] n 1 mil sargento
mf. 2 (of police) cabo mf.
serial [sIrIl] adj 1 consecutivo,-a,
en serie. 2 (in parts) seriado,-a, en ca
ptulos.
Pn (gen) serie f, serial m.
series [sIriz] n (gen) serie f, sucesin
f. l o c in series tech en serie.
pl series.
serious [sIrIs] adj 1 (solemn, earnest)
serio,-a: you can't be serious! no lo dices
en serio! 2 (causing concern, severe) grave,
serio,-a: no serious damage was caused
no hubo daos importantes.
seriously [sIrIslI] adv 1 (in earnest) en
serio. 2 (severely) seriamente, grave
mente.
seriousness [sIrIsns] n 1 (severity)
seriedad f. 2 (earnestness, solemnity) se
riedad f . l o c in all seriousness ha
blando (muy) en serio.
sermon [smn] n sermn m.
serum [sIrm] n med suero.
pl serums o sera [sIr].
servant [svnt] n sirviente mf.
serve [sv] vt 1 (work for) servir (as,
de). 2 (customer) servir: dinner is served at
8.00 pm se sirve la cena a les 8.00. 3 (be
useful to) servir, ser til: it serves many
different purposes sirve para varias cosas.
4 (provide with service) prestar servicio
a: the new hospital will serve the whole re-
gion el nuevo hospital prestar servicio a
toda la regin.
P vi 1 (work for) servir: my father served in
the army mi padre sirvi en el ejrcito. 2
(in shop) atender; (food, drink) servir.
3 (be useful to) servir (as, de): this will serve
as an example esto servir de ejemplo.
P n (tennis) saque m.
server [svr] n (computer) servidor m.
service [svIs] n 1 (gen) servicio. 2
(maintenance of car, machine) revisin f. 3
rel oficio. 4 (tennis) saque m, servicio.

P adj (for use of workers) de servicio: ser-
vice entrance entrada de servicio. c o m p
service area rea de servicio. y service
charge 1 (on bill) servicio. 2 (in banking)
comisin f. y service station estacin f
de servicio.
P n pl services (work, act, help) servicios mpl.
serviette [svIet] n gb servilleta.
sesame [sesmI] n bot ssamo, ajon
jol m.
session [seSn] n 1 (gen) sesin f. 2
educ (term) trimestre m.
set [set] n 1 (of golf clubs, brushes, tools, etc)
1 instalarse, afincarse, establecerse;
juego; (books, poems) coleccin f; (of tur-
bines) equipo, grupo: chess set juego de
ajedrez; set of dishes vajilla. 2 elec (appa-
ratus) aparato: they bought a TV set com
praron un televisor. 3 math conjunto. 4
sp (tennis) set m.
set2 [set] n 1 (in hairdressing) marcado. 2
(scenery) decorado; (place of filming) pla
t m. 3 (position, posture) postura. c o m p
set square cartabn m, escuadra.
P vt 1 (put, place) poner, colocar. 2 (pre-
pare - trap) tender, preparar; (- table)
poner; (- camera, video) preparar; (- clock,
watch, oven, etc) poner: set the table for din-
ner pon la mesa para la cena. 3 (date, time)
fijar, sealar, acordar: have you set a
date for the wedding? has fijado una fecha
para la boda? 4 (price) fijar; (value) poner.
5 (exam, test, problem) poner; (homework)
mandar, poner. 6 (story, action) ambien
tar: the novel is set in Madrid la novela est
ambientada en Madrid.
a to set off vi (begin journey) salir.
P vt sep 1 (bomb) hacer estallar; (alarm)
hacer sonar; (firework) lanzar, tirar. 2
(cause, start) provocar.
pt & pp set.
a to set up vt sep 1 (business) establecer,
montar. 2 (machine) instalar.
setback [setbQk] n revs m, contra
tiempo.
settee [seti] n sof m.
settle1 [setl] vt 1 (establish) instalar, co
locar; (make comfortable) poner
cmodo,-a he settled himself on the sofa se
puso cmodo en el sof. 2 (decide on, fix)
acordar, decidir, fijar. 3 (sort out - prob-
331 seventieth
lem, dispute) resolver, solucionar; (- dif-
ferences) resolver, arreglar; (- score) arre
glar, ajustar: we need to settle an argument
tenemos que resolver una discusin. 4
(calm - nerves) calmar; (- stomach) asentar.
P vi 1 (make one's home in) establecerse,
instalarse. 2 (make os comfortable) po
nerse cmodo,-a (into, en). 3 (bird, fly,
etc) posarse. 4 (sediment, dregs) precipi
tarse. 5 (calm down) calmarse. 6 (pay)
pagar, saldar la deuda.
a to settle down vi 1 (establish a home)
(lead settled way of life) empezar a llevar
una vida asentada. 2 (calm down) cal
marse, tranquilizarse. 3 (get comforta-
ble) ponerse cmodo,-a.
a to settle in vi 1 (get used to) acostum
brarse, adaptarse. 2 (move in) instalarse.
settle2 [setl] n (wooden bench) banco.
settlement [setlmnt] n 1 (village)
poblado, pueblo, asentamiento;
(colony) colonia. 2 (agreement) acuerdo,
convenio.
setup [setp] n 1 (arrangement, organiza-
tion) sistema m , situacin f . 2 fam
(trick) montaje m.
seven [sevn] adj siete.
P n siete m.
. Consulta tambin six.
seventeen [sevntin] adj diecisiete.
Pn diecisiete m.
. Consulta tambin six.
seventeenth [sevntinT] adj decimo
sptimo,-a.
P adv en decimosptimo lugar.
P n 1 (in series) decimosptimo,-a. 2 S
(fraction) decimosptimo; (one part) de
cimosptima parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
seventh [sevnT] adj sptimo,-a.
P adv en sptimo lugar.
P n 1 (in series) sptimo,-a. 2 (fraction)
sptimo; (one part) sptima parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
seventieth [sevntIT] adj septuag
simo,-a.
 seventy
P adv en septuagsimo lugar.
P n 1 (in series) septuagsimo,-a. 2
(fraction) septuagsimo; (one part) sep
tuagsima parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixtieth.
seventy [sevntI] adj setenta.
Pn setenta m.
. Consulta tambin sixty.
several [sevrl] adj (some) varios,-as:
we've been there several times hemos ido
varias veces.
P pron (some) varios,-as.
severe [sIvIr] adj 1 (person, punishment,
treatment) severo,-a. 2 (pain) agudo,-a;
(injury, illness, damage) grave, serio,-a.
severity [sIvertI] n 1 (of person, punish-
ment, criticism) severidad f. 2 (of pain)
agudeza, intensidad f; (of illness, wound)
gravedad f.
sew [sU] vt coser (onto, a).
P vi coser.
a to sew up vt sep 1 (hole, tear, etc) coser;
(mend) remendar. 2 fam (arrange, settle)
arreglar, acordar: you've got everything
sewn up! lo tienes todo arreglado!
pt sewed, pp sewed o sewn [sUn].
sewage [sjUIdZ] n aguas fpl residuales.
sewer [sjUr] n alcantarilla, cloaca.
sewing [sUIN] n costura. c o m p sew
ing machine mquina de coser.
sewn [seUn] pp sew.
sex [seks] n sexo: the opposite sex el sexo
opuesto. loc to have sex with sb tener
relaciones sexuales con algn.
sexism [seksIzm] n sexismo.
sexist [seksIst] adj sexista.
P n sexista mf.
sexual [seksjUl] adj sexual.
sexuality [seksjUQltI] n sexualidad f.
sexy [seksI] adj (sexually attractive) sexy;
(erotic) ertico,-a.
comp sexier, superl sexiest.
shabby [SQbI] adj 1 (clothes) gastado,-a,
rado,-a, desharrapado,-a; (furniture)
de aspecto lastimoso. 2 (person) mal
vestido,-a, desaseado,-a.
comp shabbier, superl shabbiest.
shack [SQk] n choza.
332
shade [SeId] n 1 (shadow) sombra: a tem-
perature of 30 degrees in the shade una tem
peratura de 30 grados a la sombra. 2 (for
lamp) pantalla; (for eye) visera; (blind)
persiana. 3 (of colour) tono, matiz m.
P vt 1 (shelter from light) proteger de la
luz. 2 art (darken) sombrear (in, -).
P vi (change gradually) convertirse (into, en).
P n pl shades fam gafas fpl de sol.
shadow [SQdU] n 1 (dark shape) som
bra. 2 (trace) sombra, vestigio. 3 (fol-
lower) sombra.
P adj gb en la sombra.
shady [SeIdI] adj 1 (place) a la sombra;
(tree) que da sombra. 2 fam (person)
sospechoso,-a; (deal, past) turbio,-a.
comp shadier, superl shadiest.
shaft [SAft] n 1 (of axe, tool, golf club)
mango; (of arrow) astil m; (of lance, spear)
asta. 2 (of mine) pozo; (of lift) hueco. 3
(of light) rayo.
shake [SeIk] n 1 sacudida. 2 us fam
(milkshake) batido.
P vt 1 (move - carpet, person) sacudir; (- bottle,
dice) agitar: shake well before use agtese bien
antes de usar. 2 (upset, shock) afectar, im
presionar: the news shook her badly la noti
cia le afect mucho. l o c to shake hands
estrecharse la mano. y to shake one's
head negar con la cabeza.
P vi (gen) temblar: she was shaking with
fear temblaba de miedo.
pt shook [SUk], pp shaken [SeIkn].
shaken [SeIkn] pp shake.
P adj (liquid) agitado,-a.
shaker [SeIkr] n (for cocktails) coctelera;
(for salt) salero.
shaky [SeIkI] adj 1 (hand, voice) tembloro
so,-a; (writing) tembln,-ona; (step)
inseguro,-a. 2 fig (argument, etc) sin fun
damento; (government, currency) dbil.
comp shakier, superl shakiest.
shall [SQl, unstressed Sl] aux 1 [usado con
la primera persona del sing y el pl ] (future): I
shall go tomorrow ir maana; I shan't
mention any names no dar nombres. 2
[usado con la primera persona del sing y el
pl] (questions, offers, suggestions): shall I
close the window? cierro la ventana?; I'll
carry it, shall I? lo llevar yo, quieres?
 333
3 fml (emphatic, command): you shall leave
immediately te irs enseguida.
shallow [SQlU] adj 1 (water, pond, etc)
poco profundo,-a; (dish, bowl) llano,
-a, plano,-a. 2 fig superficial.
comp shallower, superl shallowest.
P n pl shallows bajo m sing.
shame [SeIm] n 1 (disgrace, humiliation)
vergenza; (dishonour) deshonra. 2
(pity) pena, lstima: what a shame you
couldn't go qu pena que no pudieras ir.
P vt avergonzar, deshonrar.
shameful [SeImfUl] adj vergonzoso,-a.
shameless [SeImls] adj desvergon
zado,-a.
shammy [SQmI] n gamuza.
pl shammies.
shampoo [SQmpU] n 1 (product)
champ m. 2 (act) lavado.
pl shampoos.
shandy [SQndI] n gb cerveza con li
monada.
pl shandies.
shan't [SAnt] aux shall.
shanty [SQntI] n (shack) chabola.
pl shanties.
shantytown [SQntItaUn] n chabolas
fpl, barrio de chabolas.
shape [SeIp] n 1 (form, appearance) for
ma: in the shape of a heart en forma de
corazn. 2 (outline, shadow) figura. 3
(state - of thing) estado; (- of person) for
ma, condiciones fpl: the team is in good
shape el equipo est en buena forma. 4
(framework, character) configuracin f.
l o c in shape (fit) en forma. y in the
shape of 1 (physically) bajo la forma
de. 2 (figuratively) en forma de. y to
take shape tomar forma.
P vt 1 (gen) dar forma a; (clay) modelar:
he shaped the dough into a ball form una
bola con la masa. 2 (character) formar;
(future, destiny) decidir, determinar.
a to shape up vi desarrollarse.
share [Ser] n 1 (portion) parte f. 2 fin
accin m
P vt 1 (have or use with others) compartir:
can you share one book between two? po
dis compartir un libro entre los dos? 2
shaver
(tell news, feelings, etc) compartir. 3 (di-
vide) repartir, dividir.
P vi compartir: there's only one bed so
you'll have to share solo hay una cama, as
que tendris que compartirla.
shareholder [SehUldr] n accionista mf.
shareware [Sewer] n programas mpl
compartidos.
shark [SAk] n zool tiburn m.
sharp [SAp] adj 1 (knife, etc) afilado,-a;
(needle, pencil) puntiagudo,-a. 2 (angle)
agudo,-a; (bend) cerrado,-a; (slope)
empinado,-a. 3 (outline) definido,-a;
(photograph, etc) ntido,-a; (contrast)
marcado,-a. 4 (mind, wit) perspicaz;
(eyes, ears) agudo,-a, bueno,-a: keep a
sharp eye on those two ten bien vigilados a
esos dos. 5 (person - clever) listo,-a, vivo,-
a. 6 (pain) agudo,-a, fuerte; (cry, noise)
agudo,-a, estridente; (frost) fuerte;
(wind) cortante, penetrante. 7 (taste)
cido,-a; (smell) acre. 8 (change, etc)
brusco,-a, repentino,-a, sbito,-a. 9
mus (key) sostenido,-a; (too high)
desafinado,-a.
P adv 1 (exactly) en punto: at ten o'clock
sharp a las diez en punto. 2 (abruptly)
bruscamente.
sharpen [SApn] vt 1 (knife, claws) afi
lar; (pencil) sacar punta a. 2 fig (feeling,
intelligence) agudizar; (desire) avivar;
(appetite) abrir.
P vi (voice) agudizarse.
sharpener [SApnr] n (for knife) afila
dor m; (for pencil) sacapuntas m.
sharply [SAplI] adv 1 (abruptly, suddenly)
repentinamente. 2 (acutely) aguda
mente. 3 (clearly) marcadamente, cla
ramente. S
shatter [SQtr] vt 1 (break into small piec-
es) romper, hacer aicos, hacer pe
dazos. 2 fig (health) destrozar, que
brantar, minar; (nerves) destrozar.
shave [SeIv] n afeitado. l o c to have a
shave afeitarse.
P vt 1 (face, legs, underarms) afeitar;
(head) rapar. 2 (wood) cepillar.
P vi (person) afeitarse: he shaves every
morning se afeita cada maana.
shaver [SeIvr] n mquina de afeitar.
 shaving
shaving [SeIvIN] n (of face) afeitado.
comp shaving brush brocha de afeitar.
y shaving cream crema de afeitar. y
shaving foam espuma de afeitar.
P n pl shavings (wood) virutas fpl.
shawl [Sl] n chal m, mantn m.
she [Si] pron ella: she's called Nina se lla
ma Nina; she's happy est contenta.
P n (animal) hembra; (baby) nia.
she- [Si] pref hembra: she-bear osa.
shear [SIr] vt 1 (sheep) esquilar.
pt sheared, pp sheared o shorn [Sn].
P n pl shears (gen) tijeras fpl (grandes);
(for hedges) podadera f sing.
shearer [SIrr] n esquilador,-ra.
shed1 [Sed] n (in garden, for bicycles) co
bertizo.
shed2 [Sed] vt 1 (leaves, horns, skin) mu
dar; (clothes) quitarse, despojarse de;
(workers, jobs) deshacerse de; (load,
weight) perder: the snake sheds its skin la
serpiente muda la piel. 2 fig (inhibitions,
etc) liberarse de. 3 (water) repeler. 4
(blood, tears, etc) derramar.
pt & pp shed, ger shedding.
she'd [Sid] contr 1 she had. 2 she
would.
sheep [Sip] n oveja.
pl sheep.
sheepdog [Sipdg] n perro pastor.
sheepfold [SipfUld] n redil m, aprisco.
sheer [SIr] adj 1 (total, utter) total, abso
luto,-a, puro,-a: by sheer coincidence
por pura casualidad. 2 (cliff) escarpado,-
a; (drop) vertical.
sheet [Sit] n 1 (on bed) sbana: bottom/
top sheet sbana bajera/encimera. 2 (of
paper) hoja; (of metal) lmina, chapa;
(of glass) lmina, placa; (of tin) hoja.
c o m p sheet music hojas pl de partitu
ra, papel pautado.
shelf [Self] n estante. c o m p (set of)
shelves estantera.
pl shelves.
shell [Sel] n 1 (of egg, nut) cscara; (of
pea) vaina; (of tortoise, lobster, etc) capa
razn m; (of snail, oyster, etc) concha: the
children were collecting shells on the beach
los nios recogan conchas en la playa.
2 (of building) armazn m, esqueleto,
334
estructura; (of vehicle) armazn m; (of
ship) casco. 3 mil (for explosives) pro
yectil m, obs m.
she'll [Sil] contr 1 she will. 2 she shall.
shellfish [SelfIS] n (individual) marisco;
(as food) marisco, mariscos mpl.
pl shellfish.
shelter [Seltr] n 1 (protection) abrigo,
proteccin f, cobijo: the climbers sought
shelter from the storm los montaeros
buscaron abrigo para protegerse de la
tormenta. 2 (place) refugio, cobijo.
P vt (protect) proteger, resguardar; these
trees should shelter us from the rain esos r
boles nos resguardarn de la lluvia.
P vi (from weather, etc) resguardarse,
guarecerse; (from danger) refugiarse.
shelve [Selv] vt 1 (put on shelf) poner en el
estante, poner en la estantera. 2 fig
(postpone, abandon) aparcar, archivar.
shepherd [Sepd] n pastor m.
P vt (guide, direct) guiar, conducir.
shelves [Selvz] pl shelf.
sheriff [SerIf] n 1 us sheriff mf, algua
cil,-la. 2 gb gobernador,-ra civil.
sherry [SerI] n jerez m.
pl sherries.
she's [Siz] contr 1 she is. 2 she has.
shield [Sild] n 1 (for protection) escudo. 2
tech pantalla protectora. 3 (of animal)
caparazn m.
P vt (protect) proteger (from, de).
shift [SIft] n 1 (change) cambio: a shift in
policy un cambio de poltica. 2 (of work,
workers) turno: the day/night shift el tur
no de da/de noche. c o m p shift key tecla
de las maysculas.
P vt 1 (change) cambiar; (move) despla
zar, mover: he shifted his feet movi sus
pies. 2 (transfer) traspasar, transferir. 3
us (change gear) cambiar.
P vi 1 (change) cambiar: the wind shifted
el viento cambi de direccin. 2 us
(change gear) cambiar de marcha.
shilling [SIlIN] n cheln m.
shin [SIn] n anat espinilla, canilla.
c o m p shin guard / shin pad espinillera.
shinbone [SInbUn] n anat tibia.
shine [SaIn] n brillo, lustre m: he gave his
shoes a good shine sac brillo a sus zapatos.

P vi 1 (sun, light, eyes) brillar; (metal, glass,
shoes) relucir, brillar; (face) resplande
cer, irradiar: her eyes shone with happi-
ness le brillaban los ojos de alegra. 2 fig
(excel) sobresalir ( at, en), destacar
(at, en), brillar (at, en): he shines at ten-
nis destaca en tenis.
pt & pp shone [Sn].
shiny [SaInI] adj brillante.
comp shinier, superl shiniest.
ship [SIp] n (gen) barco, buque m, em
barcacin f. c o m p passenger ship bu
que m de pasajeros. y ship's company
tripulacin f.
P vt (send - gen) enviar, mandar; (- by
ship) enviar por barco: we had our lug-
gage shipped to England mandamos nues
tro equipaje a Inglaterra por barco.
pt & pp shipped, ger shipping.
shipbuilding [SIpbIldIN] n construc
cin f naval.
shipment [SIpmnt] n (act) embarque
m, envo, transporte m (martimo).
shipowner [SIpUnr] n armador,-ra.
shipwreck [SIprek] n naufragio. l o c
to be shipwrecked naufragar.
shipyard [SIpjAd] n astillero.
shirk [Sk] vt (duty, etc) esquivar, eludir.
shirt [St] n (gen) camisa; (for sport) ca
miseta.
shirtsleeve [Stsliv] n manga de ca
misa. l o c in shirtsleeves en mangas
de camisa.
shit [SIt] n fam (faeces) mierda.
P interj fam mierda!
shiver [SIvr] n (with cold) escalofro.
P vi (with cold) temblar, tiritar; (with
fear) estremecerse.
P n pl the shivers escalofros mpl.
shivery [SIvrI] adj (with cold) estreme
cido,-a; (feverish) destemplado,-a.
shoal 1 [SUl] n (underwater sandbank)
banco de arena.
shoal2 [SUl] n (of fish) banco, cardu
men m.
P n pl shoals fam montones mpl.
shock1 [Sk] n 1 (jolt, blow) choque m,
impacto, golpe m; (of explosion, etc) sa
cudida; (electric) descarga. 2 (upset, dis-
335 shoot
tress) conmocin f, golpe m; (fright,
scare) susto: you gave me quite a shock me
has dado un buen susto. 3 med shock m,
choque m. c o m p shock absorber amor
tiguador m. y shock therapy / shock
treatment electrochoque m.
P vt 1 (upset) conmocionar, conmo
ver, afectar. 2 (startle) asustar, sor
prender; (scandalize) escandalizar,
horrorizar.
P vi impresionar, impactar.
shock2 [Sk] n (of hair) mata.
shocked [Skt] adj horrorizado,-a, es
candalizado,-a.
shocking [SkIN] adj 1 (disgraceful, offen-
sive) chocante, escandaloso,-a, ver
gonzoso,-a. 2 fam (very bad) espanto
so,-a, psimo,-a.
shoe [SU] n 1 zapato: I need a new pair of
shoes necesito unos zapatos nuevos. 2
(for horse) herradura. l o c to put os in sb
else's shoes ponerse en el lugar de
algn. c o m p shoe polish betn m.
y shoe shop zapatera.
shoebrush [SUbrS] n cepillo para los
zapatos.
shoehorn [SUhn] n calzador m.
shoelace [SUleIs] n cordn m (de za
pato).
shoemaker [SUmeIkr] n zapatero,-a.
shoeshine [SUSaIn] n limpieza de za
patos. c o m p shoeshine boy limpiabo
tas m.
shone [Sn] pt shine.
shook [SUk] pt shake.
shoot [SUt] n bot (gen) brote m, reto
o, renuevo; (of vine) sarmiento.
P vt 1 (person, animal) pegar un tiro a,
S
pegar un balazo a; (hit, wound) herir
(de bala); (kill) matar de un tiro, ma
tar a tiros; (hunt) cazar: she was shot in
the back recibi un balazo en la espalda.
2 (fire - missile) lanzar; (- arrow, bullet,
weapon) disparar; (- glance) lanzar: they
shot questions at her la bombardearon a
preguntas. 3 (film) rodar, filmar; (photo-
graph) fotografiar. l o c to shoot pool
jugar al billar. y to shoot sb dead ma
tar a algn a tiros.
 shooting
P vi 1 (fire weapon) disparar (at, a/so
bre); (hunt with gun) cazar. 2 sp (aim at
goal) tirar, disparar, chutar. 3 cinem
rodar, filmar. 5 bot brotar.
a to shoot down vt sep 1 (aircraft) derri
bar, abatir; (person) matar a tiros. 2
fig (argument, idea, etc) rebatir.
pt & pp shot [St].
shooting [SUtIN] n 1 (shots) disparos
mpl , tiros mpl ; (killing) asesinato. 2
(hunting) caza. 3 cinem rodaje m.
P adj (pain) punzante. c o m p shooting
star estrella fugaz.
shop [Sp] n 1 (gen) tienda; (business) co
mercio, negocio: I'm going to the shop
voy a la tienda. 2 (workshop) taller m. l o c
to keep shop tener una tienda. c o m p
repair shop taller m de reparaciones. y
shop assistant dependiente,-a. y shop
window escaparate m.
P vi (gen) hacer la compra, comprar:
we usually shop on Saturday mornings nor
malmente hacemos la compra los sba
dos por la maana.
a to shop around vi ir de tienda en
tienda y comparar precios.
pt & pp shopped, ger shopping.
shopkeeper [Spkipr] n tendero,-a. shorthand [SthQnd] n taquigrafa.
shoplifter [SplIftr] n mechero,-a.
shoplifting [SplIftIN] n hurto (en las
tiendas).
shopper [Spr] n comprador,-ra.
shopping [SpIN] n (purchases) compra,
compras fpl; (activity) compra: I had a bit of
shopping to do tuve que hacer unas com
pras. l o c to do the shopping hacer la
compra. y to go shopping ir de compras.
c o m p shopping bag cesta de la compra. y
shopping basket bolsa de la compra.
y shopping centre centro comercial. y
shopping list lista de la compra. y shop
ping mall us centro comercial. y shop
ping precinct zona comercial. y shop
ping trolley carrito (de la compra).
shore [Sr] n (of sea, lake) orilla; (coast)
costa; (beach) playa. l o c on shore en
tierra.
shorn [Sn] pp shear.
short [St] adj 1 (not long) corto,-a; (not
tall) bajo,-a: he's got short hair lleva el pe
336
lo corto; Jo is short for Joanne Jo es el dimi
nutivo de Joanne. 2 (brief - of time) breve,
corto,-a: the days are shorter in winter los
das son ms cortos en invierno 3 (defi-
cient) escaso,-a: water was short escasea
ba el agua. 4 (curt) seco,-a, brusco,-a.
l o c for short para abreviar. y in short
en pocas palabras. y short of a menos
que, salvo que. y to be short of sth an
dar escaso,-a de algo, estar falto,-a
de algo: I'm a bit short of money ando al-
go escaso de dinero. y to run short of sth
acabarse algo: we're running short of cof-
fee se nos est acabando el caf. c o m p
short circuit cortocircuito. y short cut 1
(route) atajo. 2 (method) mtodo fcil,
frmula mgica. y short order us co
mida rpida. y short story cuento.
P adv (abruptly) bruscamente: the car
stopped short el coche se par brusca
mente.
P n 1 (drink) copa, chupito. 2 cinem
cortometraje m, corto. 3 elec corto
circuito.
shortage [StIdZ] n falta, escasez f.
shorten [Stn] vt acortar.
P vi acortarse.
shortly [StlI] adv 1 (soon) dentro de
poco, en breve: shortly after/before po
co despus/antes. 2 (impatiently) brus
camente.
shorts [Sts] n pl 1 pantalones mpl
cortos, shorts mpl: a pair of shorts un
pantaln corto. 2 us (underpants) cal
zoncillos mpl.
short-sighted [StsaItId] adj 1 med
miope, corto,-a de vista. 2 (plan, poli-
cy, etc) corto,-a de miras, estrecho,-a
de miras.
short-sleeved [Stslivd] adj de man
ga corta.
shot1 [St] n 1 (act, sound) tiro, disparo,
balazo: I thought I heard a shot creo ha
ber odo un disparo. 2 (projectile) bala,
proyectil m. 3 (person) tirador,-ra. 4 sp
(in football) chut m, chute m; (in tennis,
golf, cricket, etc) golpe m; (in basketball) ti
ro. 5 (attempt, try) intento. 6 fam (injec-
tion) inyeccin f, pinchazo. 7 (drink)
 337
trago, chupito. 8 (photo) foto f; (cine-
ma) toma. l o c like a shot (without hesita-
tion) sin pensarlo dos veces, sin du
dar.
shot2 [sed] pt & pp shoot.
shotgun [Stgn] n escopeta.
should [SUd] aux 1 (duty, advisability, rec-
ommendation) deber: you should see the
dentist deberas ir al dentista. 2 (probabil-
ity) deber de: the clothes should be dry
now la ropa ya debe de estar seca. 3 (sub-
junctive, conditional): if you should see Janet
by any chance si por casualidad vieras a
Janet. 4 (conditional, 1st person) : I should
like to ask a question quisiera hacer una
pregunta. 5 (tentative statement) : I should
think so me imagino que s. 6 (disbelief,
surprise): how should I know! yo qu s!
l o c I should have thought ... hubiera
pensado...
. Should, cuando expresa el condicional
para la primera persona, equivale a
would.
shoulder [SUldr] n 1 anat hombro: she
looked over her shoulder mir por encima
del hombro. 2 (of meat) paletilla. 3 (of hill,
mountain) ladera; (of road) arcn m, an
dn m. l o c a shoulder to cry on un pa
o de lgrimas. y to rub shoulders with
sb codearse con algn. c o m p shoulder
bag bolso (de bandolera). y shoulder
blade omplato. y shoulder strap 1 (of
garment) tirante m. 2 (of bag) correa.
P n pl shoulders anat hombros mpl, es
palda f sing.
shout [SaUt] n grito.
P vt gritar ( out, -): get out! he shouted
fuera! grit.
P vi gritar: I don't like it when you shout at
me no me gusta que me grites.
a to shout down vt sep abuchear.
shouting [SaUtIN] n gritos mpl.
shove [Sv] n empujn m: we had to give
the car a shove tuvimos que dar un em
pujn al coche.
P vt 1 (push) empujar: she shoved the
plate away apart el plato de un empu
jn. 2 (put casually) meter.
P vi (push) empujar, dar empujones.
show
shovel [Svl] n 1 (tool) pala. 2 (machine)
excavadora, pala mecnica.
show [SU] n 1 theat (entertainment) es
pectculo; (performance) funcin f: let's
go and see a show vayamos a ver un es
pectculo. 2 (on TV, radio) programa m,
show m. 3 (exhibition) exposicin f. 4
(display) muestra, demostracin f: a
show of strength una demostracin de
fuerza, una exhibicin de fuerza. 5 (out-
ward appearance, pretence) apariencia.
l o c the show must go on el espect
culo debe continuar. y time will show
el tiempo lo dir. c o m p fashion show
desfile m de modelos. y quiz show pro
grama m concurso. y show business el
mundo del espectculo.
P vt 1 (gen) ensear: I showed her my pho-
tos le ense mis fotos. 2 (point out) indi
car, sealar. 3 (reveal - feelings) demos
trar, expresar; (- interest, enthusiasm, etc)
demostrar, mostrar: she rarely shows
his feelings raras veces demuestra sus
sentimientos. 4 (allow to be seen) dejar
ver: black doesn't show the dirt el negro
no deja ver la suciedad. 5 (prove, demon-
strate) demostrar. 6 (guide) llevar,
acompaar: I'll show you to your room te
acompaar a tu habitacin. 7 (painting,
etc) exponer, exhibir; (film) dar, po
ner, pasar, proyectar; (slides) pasar,
proyectar; (on TV) dar, poner.
P vi 1 (be perceptible) verse, notarse: the
stain doesn't show no se ve la mancha. 2
cinem poner, dar, echar, proyectar, ex
hibir: what's showing at the Odeon? qu dan
en el Odeon?, qu echan en el Odeon?
a to show off vi (gen) fanfarronear,
presumir, lucirse; (child) hacerse el/la S
gracioso,-a.
P vt sep 1 (set off) hacer resaltar, real
zar. 2 (flaunt, parade) hacer alarde de,
presumir de.
a to show up vt sep 1 (make visible) ha
cer resaltar, hacer destacar. 2 fam
(embarrass) dejar en ridculo, poner
en evidencia.
P vi 1 (be visible) notarse, verse. 2 fam
(arrive) acudir, presentarse, aparecer.
pt showed, pp showed o shown [SUn].
 shower
shower [SaU ] n 1 meteor chubasco,
r
chaparrn m. 2 (of stones, blows, insults,
etc) lluvia. 3 (in bathroom) ducha. l o c to
have a shower / take a shower du
charse. c o m p shower cap gorro de ba
o. y shower gel gel m de bao, gel m
de ducha.
P vt 1 (sprinkle) espolvorear; (spray) ro
ciar. 2 fig (bestow, heap) inundar, col
mar, llover.
P vi 1 (rain) llover; (objects) caer, llover.
2 (in bath) ducharse.
showing [SUIN] n 1 (of film) pase m, se
sin f, proyeccin f; (of paintings) exhi
bicin f. 2 (performance) actuacin f;
(result) resultado.
showman [SUmn] n 1 (manager) em
presario (de espectculos). 2 (enter-
tainer) artista m, showman m.
pl showmen [SUmn].
shown [SUn] pp show.
show-off [SUf] n fam fanfarrn,
-ona.
showroom [SUrUm] n sala de expo
siciones (de concesionario de coches).
showy [SUI] adj (thing) llamativo,-a,
vistoso,-a; (person) ostentoso,-a.
comp showier, superl showiest.
shrank [SrQNk] pt shrink.
shrapnel [SrQpnl] n metralla.
shred [Sred] n 1 (gen) triza; (of cloth) ji
rn m; (of paper) tira; (of tobacco) brizna,
hebra. 2 fig (bit) pizca: not a shred of
truth ni pizca de verdad. l o c to tear sth/
sb to shreds hacer trizas algo /a
algn.
P vt (paper) hacer trizas, triturar; (veg-
etables - cut in strips) cortar en tiras;
(- grate) rallar.
pt & pp shredded, ger shredding.
shrew [SrU] n zool musaraa.
shrewd [SrUd] adj 1 (person) astuto,-a,
sagaz. 2 (decision) muy acertado,-a;
(move) hbil, inteligente.
shrewdness [SrUdns] n (gen) astucia,
sagacidad f.
shriek [Srik] n chillido, grito agudo.
P vi chillar, gritar. l o c to shriek with
laughter rerse a carcajadas.
P vt chillar, gritar.
338
shrill [SrIl] adj 1 (voice, words, people) agu
do,-a, estridente; (sound, whistle) agudo,-
a, estridente, penetrante. 2 (demand,
protest, criticism) frentico,-a, estri
dente.
P vi (whistle) pitar; (phone, alarm) sonar;
(person, voice) chillar.
shrimp [SrImp] n camarn m, gamba.
shrine [SraIn] n rel (holy place) santua
rio, lugar m sagrado.
shrink [SrINk] vt (clothes, etc) encoger.
P vi 1 (clothes) encoger, encogerse; (meat)
achicarse, reducirse. 2 (savings, numbers,
profits, etc) disminuir, reducirse. 3 (move
back) retroceder, echarse atrs.
pt shrank [SrQNk], pp shrunk [SrNk].
shroud [SraUd] n 1 rel mortaja, suda
rio. 2 fig (of mist, secrecy) velo.
Shrove Tuesday [SrUvtjuzdI] n mar
tes m de carnaval.
shrub [Srb] n arbusto, mata.
shrug [Srg] vt encoger. l o c to shrug
one's shoulders encogerse de hombros.
pt & pp shrugged, ger shrugging.
shrunk [SrNk] pp shrink.
shudder [Sdr] n 1 (of person) escalo
fro. 2 (of machine, engine) vibracin f,
sacudida.
P vi 1 (person) estremecerse, temblar
(with, de): I shudder to think of it me dan
escalofros solo de pensarlo. 2 (machin-
ery, vehicle) vibrar, dar sacudidas.
shuffle [Sfl] n 1 (walk) arrastre m. 2
(of cards) baraje m, barajadura.
P vt 1 (feet - drag) arrastrar; (- move) mo
ver. 2 (cards) barajar; (papers) revolver.
P vi (walk) andar arrastrando los pies;
(in seat) revolverse.
shut [St] vt (gen) cerrar: shut your eyes
cierra los ojos.
P vi (gen) cerrar, cerrarse.
a to shut down vt sep (factory, business)
cerrar.
P vi (factory, business) cerrar.
a to shut up vt sep 1 (close) cerrar. 2
(confine) encerrar. 3 fam (quieten) callar,
hacer callar.
P vi 1 (close) cerrar. 2 (keep quiet) callar
se: shut up! cllate!
pt & pp shut, ger shutting.

shutdown [StdaUn] n (of factory, etc)
cierre m.
shutter [Str] n 1 (on window) postigo,
contraventana; (of shop) cierre m. 2 (of
camera) obturador m.
shuttle [Stl] n 1 av puente m areo.
2 (bus, train) servicio regular de enla
ce. 3 (in weaving) lanzadera. c o m p shut
tle service servicio regular de enlace.
shuttlecock [Stlkk] n volante m.
shy [SaI] adj 1 (person) tmido,-a, ver
gonzoso,-a: don't be shy no seas tmido,
no tengas vergenza. 2 (animal) asusta
dizo,-a.
comp shyer o shier, superl shyest o shiest.
P vi (horse) espantarse (at, de), respin
gar, asustarse.
shyness [SaIns] n timidez f.
sick [sIk] adj 1 (ill) enfermo,-a. 2 (nause-
ated, queasy) mareado,-a. 3 (fed up)
harto,-a; (worried) preocupado,-a: I'm
sick and tired of your moaning estoy ms
que harto de tus quejas. l o c to be sick
vomitar, devolver. y to feel sick estar
mareado,-a, tener nuseas. c o m p sick
leave baja por enfermedad.
sickle [sIkl] n hoz f.
sickly [sIklI] adj 1 (person) enfermizo,-a.
2 (smell, taste) empalagoso,-a, dulzn,
-ona; (colour) horrible, asqueroso,-a.
comp sicklier, superl sickliest.
sickness [sIkns] n 1 (illness) enferme
dad f. 2 (nausea) nuseas fpl, ganas fpl
de vomitar.
side [saId] n 1 (gen) lado; (of coin, cube,
record) cara: there's a garage at the side of
the house hay un garaje al lado de la ca
sa; write on one side of the paper only solo
escribir en una cara del papel. 2 (of hill,
mountain) ladera, falda. 3 (of body) la
do, costado: she was lying on her side es
taba echada de lado. 4 (edge - gen) borde
m; (- of lake, river, etc) orilla; (- of page)
margen m. l o c side by side juntos,-as,
uno,-a al lado del/de la otro,-a. y to
keep on the right side of sb tratar de
llevarse bien con algn.
P adj lateral. c o m p side dish guarni
cin f, acompaamiento. y side drum
tambor m. y side effect efecto secun
339 sign
dario. y side street callejuela. y side
view vista de perfil.
sideboard [saIdbd] n (furniture) apa
rador m.
sideboards [saIdbdz] n pl patillas fpl.
sideburns [saIdbnz] n pl patillas fpl.
sidecar [saIdkAr] n sidecar m.
sidelight [saIdlaIt] n auto luz f de po
sicin.
sidereal [saIdIrIl] adj sideral.
sidewalk [saIdwk] n us acera.
sideways [saIdweIz] adj (movement, step)
lateral; (look, glance) de soslayo, de reojo.
P adv de lado.
siege [sidZ] n 1 mil sitio, cerco. 2 (by
criminals, journalists) asedio. l o c to be
under siege estar sitiado,-a.
Sierra Leone [sIerlIUn] n Sierra
Leona.
Sierra Leonean [sIerlIUnIn] adj
sierraleons,-esa.
P n sierraleons,-esa.
sieve [sIv] n (fine) tamiz m; (coarse) cri
ba; (for liquids) colador m.
P vt (fine) tamizar; (coarse) cribar.
sigh [saI] n (of person) suspiro.
P vi (person) suspirar (for, por); (wind)
susurrar, gemir: she sighed with relief
suspir aliviada.
sight [saIt] n 1 (gen) vista: his sight is fail-
ing le est fallando la vista; we waited until
he was out of sight esperamos hasta que
hubo desaparecido; it was her first sight of
the countryside fue la primera vez que vea
el campo. 2 (thing seen, spectacle) espect
culo. l o c in/within sight a la vista. y to
come into sight aparecer. y to know sb
by sight conocer a algn de vista. S
P vt ver, divisar.
P adv a sight fam (a great deal) mucho: a
sight better mucho mejor.
P n pl sights (of city) monumentos mpl,
lugares mpl de inters.
sightseeing [saItsiIN] n visita turs
tica, turismo. l o c to go sightseeing
visitar los monumentos y lugares
de inters.
sign [saIn] n 1 (symbol) signo, smbolo.
2 (gesture) gesto, sea; (signal) seal f:
 signal
wait until I give the sign espera hasta que d
la seal. l o c as a sign of como muestra
de. c o m p sign language lenguaje m por
seas.
P vt 1 (letter, document, cheque, etc) firmar:
sign your name here, please firme aqu, por
favor. 2 (player, group) fichar (on/up, -).
3 (gesture) hacer una sea/seal.
P vi 1 (write name) firmar. 2 (player,
group) fichar (for/with, por). 3 us (use
sign language) comunicarse por seas,
hablar por seas.
a to sign up vt sep (soldier) reclutar;
(worker) contratar.
P vi (soldier) alistarse; (student) matricu
larse.
signal [sIgnl] n seal f: traffic signal se
al de trfico.
P adj (achievement, triumph, success, etc)
sealado,-a, destacado,-a, notable.
P vt 1 (indicate) indicar, sealar, marcar;
(forecast) pronosticar. 2 (gesture) hacer
seas, hacer una sea: he signalled the
waiter to bring the bill le hizo una sea al
camarero para que trajera la cuenta.
P vi 1 (gesture) hacer seas, hacer una
sea. 2 auto poner el intermitente.
signature [sIgnItSr] n (name) firma.
significance [sIgnIfIkns] n 1 (meaning)
significado. 2 (importance) importan
cia: it's of no significance no tiene impor
tancia.
significant [sIgnIfIknt] adj 1 (meaningful -
gen) significativo,-a. 2 (important) impor
tante, trascendente, considerable.
signify [sIgnIfaI] vt fml significar.
pt & pp signified, ger signifying.
signpost [saInpUst] n poste m indi
cador.
silence [saIlns] n (gen) silencio: we
walked in silence caminamos en silencio.
l o c to reduce sb to silence dejar a algn
sin habla.
P vt (person) acallar, hacer callar; (protest,
opposition, criticism) apagar, silenciar.
silencer [saIlnsr] n silenciador m.
silent [saIlnt] adj 1 (thing, place, taciturn
person) silencioso,-a. 2 (not speaking)
callado,-a: he was silent for a moment se
qued callado un momento. 3 (film, con-
340
sonant) mudo,-a; (prayer) silencioso,-
a. l o c to be silent callarse.
silhouette [sIlUet] n silueta.
silicon [sIlIkn] n silicio.
silicone [sIlIkUn] n silicona.
silk [sIlk] n seda.
P adj de seda.
silken [sIlkn] adj (like silk) sedoso,-a;
(of silk) de seda.
silkworm [sIlkwm] n gusano de seda.
silky [sIlkI] adj (cloth, hair, fur, etc) sedo
so,-a; (voice) aterciopelado,-a; (skin)
suave.
comp silkier, superl silkiest.
sill [sIl] n (of window) alfizar m, ante
pecho.
silly [sIlI] adj 1 (stupid) tonto,-a,
estpido,-a: how silly of me! qu tonto
soy! 2 (unimportant) trivial, sin impor
tancia.
comp sillier, superl silliest.
P n tonto,-a, bobo,-a.
silver [sIlvr] n 1 (metal) plata: sterling sil-
ver plata de ley. 2 (coins) monedas fpl (de
plata). 3 (articles, ornaments, etc) plata.
P adj 1 (made of silver) de plata. 2 (in col-
our) plateado,-a; (hair) canoso,-a,
cano,-a. c o m p silver foil / silver paper
papel m de plata. y silver medal meda
lla de plata. y silver screen el cine m.
P vt (metal) dar un bao de plata a,
platear.
similar [sImIlr] adj parecido,-a (to,
a), similar (to, a), semejante (to, a):
those boys are very similar esos chicos se
parecen mucho.
similarity [sImIlQrtI] n (likeness) se
mejanza, parecido, similitud f.
pl similarities.
simile [sImIlI] n smil m.
simmer [sImr] vt culin hervir a fuego
lento.
P vi culin hervir a fuego lento.
simple [sImpl] adj 1 (gen) sencillo,-a,
simple: a simple solution una solucin
sencilla. 2 (plain, pure, nothing more than)
sencillo,-a, puro,-a, mero,-a: for the
simple reason that ... por la sencilla razn
que ...
comp simpler, comp simplest.
 341
simplicity [sImplIstI] n 1 (easiness, in-
complexity) sencillez f, simplicidad f. 2
(lack of sophistication) sencillez f, natura
lidad f.
simplify [sImplIfaI] vt simplificar.
pt & pp simplified, ger simplifying.
simply [sImplI] adv 1 (easily, plainly, mod-
estly) simplemente, sencillamente: she
lives very simply vive muy sencillamente. 2
(only) simplemente, solamente, solo;
(just, merely) meramente: I simply don't
know sencillamente, no lo s. 3 (really, ab-
solutely) francamente, realmente.
simulate [sImjleIt] vt simular.
simultaneous [sImlteInIs] adj si
multneo,-a: simultaneous translation
traduccin simultnea.
sin [sIn] n pecado.
P vi pecar (against, contra).
pt & pp sinned, ger sinning.
since [sIns] adv desde entonces: she ar-
rived in 1988 and has lived here ever since lle
g en 1988 y vive aqu desde entonces.
P prep desde: I've been here since four
o'clock llevo aqu desde las cuatro.
P conj 1 (time) desde que: it's years since I
went to the theatre hace aos que no voy
al teatro. 2 (because, seeing that) ya que,
puesto que: since you're going to the shop
... ya que vas a la tienda ...
sincere [sInsIr] adj sincero,-a.
sincerely [sInsIlI] adv sinceramente.
l o c Yours sincerely (in letter) (le saluda)
atentamente.
sincerity [sInsertI] n sinceridad f.
sinew [sInjU] n tendn m.
sing [sIN] vt (gen) cantar.
P vi (person, bird) cantar; (wind, kettle, bul-
let) silbar; (ears, insect) zumbar.
pt sang [sQN], pp sung [sN].
singer [sINr] n (gen) cantante mf; (in
choir) cantor,-ra: jazz singer cantante de
jazz.
singing [sININ] n (act) canto, cantar m;
(songs) canciones fpl: he loves singing in
the shower le encanta cantar en la ducha.
single [sINgl] adj 1 (only one) solo,-a,
nico,-a: we heard a single scream omos
un solo grito. 2 (composed of one part)
simple, sencillo,-a: single figures cifras
sit
de un solo dgito. 3 (for one person) indi
vidual. 4 (separate, individual) cada: every
single day todos los das. 5 (unmarried)
soltero,-a. l o c in single file en fila in
dia. c o m p single cream nata lquida. y
single parent 1 (mother) madre f solte
ra. 2 (father) padre m soltero. y single
room habitacin f individual.
P n 1 gb (single ticket) billete m de ida,
billete m sencillo. 2 (record) (disco)
sencillo, single m.
P n pl singles sp (in tennis, badminton) in
dividuales mpl.
single-parent [sINglpernt] adj
(family) monoparental.
singular [sINgjUlr] adj 1 (in grammar)
singular. 2 fml (outstanding) extraordi
nario,-a.
P n ling singular m.
sinister [sInIstr] adj siniestro,-a.
sink [sINk] n (in kitchen) fregadero, pila;
(in bathroom) lavabo, lavamanos m.
P vt 1 (ship) hundir. 2 fig (hopes, plans)
acabar con.
P vi 1 (gen) hundirse. 2 (sun, moon) po
nerse.
pt sank [sQNk], pp sunk [sNk].
sinner [sInr] n pecador,-ra.
sip [sIp] n sorbo.
P vt sorber, beber a sorbos.
pt & pp sipped, ger sipping.
siphon [saIfn] n (gen) sifn m.
sir [sr] n 1 fml (gen) seor m: yes, sir s,
seor. 2 (title) sir m. l o c Dear Sir (in letter)
muy seor mo, muy seores mos,
estimado seor.
siren [saIrn] n (gen) sirena.
sirloin [slIn] n solomillo.
sister [sIstr] n 1 (relative) hermana. 2 S
(comrade) hermana, compaera.
sister-in-law [sIstrInl] n cuada.
pl sisters-in-law.
sit [sIt] vt 1 (child, etc) sentar (down, -):
she sat him down on the table lo sent en
la mesa. 2 (room, hall, etc) tener cabida
para. 3 gb (exam) presentarse a.
P vi 1 (action) sentarse ( down, -): I sat
next to Anna me sent junto a Anna. 2 (be
seated) estar sentado,-a: they were sit-
ting on the floor estaban sentados en el
 site
suelo. 3 (village, building) estar, situarse;
(clothes) sentar, quedar: that dress sits
well on you aquel vestido te sienta bien.
P vi fam (baby-sit) hacer de canguro
(for, a).
a to sit back vi 1 (lean back) recostarse;
(relax) ponerse cmodo,-a. 2 (take no
active part) cruzarse de brazos.
a to sit out vt sep 1 (stay until end)
aguantar (hasta el final). 2 (not dance)
no bailar.
a to sit up vi 1 (in bed) incorporarse
(en la cama). 2 (stay up late) quedarse
levantado,-a.
P vt sep (child, etc) sentar.
pt & pp sat [sQt], ger sitting.
site [saIt] n (location) situacin f, em
plazamiento, colocacin f . c o m p
archaeological site yacimiento ar
queolgico.
P vt situar, ubicar, emplazar.
sit-in [sItIn] n (protest) sentada.
sitting [sItIN] n (of meal) turno; (of com-
mittee, for portrait) sesin f.
P adj (position) sentado,-a. c o m p sitting
room sala de estar.
situated [sItjUeItId] adj (building, etc)
situado,-a, ubicado,-a.
situation [sItjUeISn] n 1 (circumstances)
situacin f: we're in a difficult situation
estamos en una situacin difcil. 2 (loca-
tion) situacin f, ubicacin f.
sit-up [sItp] n sp abdominal m.
six [sIks] adj seis: it costs six pounds cues
ta seis libras; six hundred seiscientos,-as;
six thousand seis mil.
P n seis m : she's six years old tiene seis
aos; it's six o'clock son las seis.
sixteen [sIkstin] adj diecisis.
P n diecisis m.
. Consulta tambin six.
sixteenth [sIkstinT] adj decimosex
to,-a.
P adv en decimosexto lugar.
P n 1 (in series) decimosexto,-a. 2 (frac-
tion) decimosexto; (one part) decimo
sexta parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
342
sixth [sIksT] adj sexto,-a: the sixth floor
la sexta planta, el sexto piso.
P adv sexto, en sexto lugar: he came
sixth lleg en sexto lugar.
P n 1 (in series) sexto,-a; (day) el seis, el
da seis: the sixth of June el seis de junio.
2 (fraction) sexto; (one part) sexta parte
f. c o m p sixth form gb segundo de
bachillerato. y sixth form college gb
instituto para estudiantes de segundo de
bachillerato.
sixtieth [sIkstIT] adj sexagsimo,-a.
P adv en sexagsimo lugar.
P n 1 (in series) sexagsimo,-a. 2 (frac-
tion) sexagsimo; (one part) sexagsi
ma parte f.
sixty [sIkstI] adj sesenta: there were
about sixty people haba unas sesenta per
sonas.
P n sesenta m.
size [saIz] n 1 (gen) tamao; (magnitude)
magnitud f: it's the size of an egg es del
tamao de un huevo. 2 (of clothes) talla;
(of shoes) nmero; (of person) talla, esta
tura: she's a size 12 gasta la talla 12.
skate1 [skeIt] n patn m.
P vi patinar.
skate2 [skeIt] n (fish) raya.
skateboard [skeItbd] n monopatn m.
skater [skeItr] n patinador,-ra.
skating [skeItIN] n patinaje m. c o m p
ice skating patinaje m sobre hielo. y
skating rink pista de patinaje.
skeleton [skelItn] n 1 (of person, ani-
mal) esqueleto. 2 (of building, ship) ar
mazn m, estructura.
sketch [sketS] n 1 (drawing) dibujo; (pre-
liminary drawing) bosquejo, esbozo. 2
(outline, rough idea) esquema m, esbozo.
P vt (draw) dibujar; (preliminary drawing)
bosquejar, hacer un bosquejo de.
P vi hacer bosquejos, hacer bocetos.
a to sketch in/out
skewer [skjUr] n culin pincho, bro
cheta.
ski [ski] n (equipment) esqu m.
P viesquiar. l o c to ski down bajar es
quiando. c o m p ski jump 1 (slope) pista
de saltos, trampoln m. 2 (competition)
saltos mpl de esqu. y ski lift telesqu m.

y ski resort estacin f de esqu. y ski
slope pista de esqu.
skid [skId] n auto patinazo, derrapaje
m. c o m p skid row us barrios mpl bajos,
barriadas fpl.
skier [skIr] n esquiador,-ra.
skies [skaIz] pl sky.
skiing [skIIN] n esqu m.
skilful [skIlfUl] adj (gen) diestro,-a, h
bil. l o c to be skilful at sth ser hbil
para algo.
skilfully [skIlfUlI] adv hbilmente.
skill [skIl] n 1 (ability) habilidad f, des
treza; (talent) talento, don m, dotes
fpl. 2 (technique) tcnica, arte m.
P n pl skills (expertise) capacidad f sing,
aptitudes fpl : a person with computer
skills una persona que sepa informtica.
skilled [skIld] adj 1 (specialized) cualifi
cado,-a, especializado,-a. 2 (able) h
bil, diestro,-a; (expert) experto,-a.
skillful [skIlfUl] adj us skilful.
skillfully [skIlfUlI] adv us skilfully.
skimmed [skImd] adj (milk) desnata
do,-a.
skimmer [skImr] n (spoon) espuma
dera.
skin [skIn] n 1 (of person) piel f; (of face)
cutis m, piel f: she has light/dark skin tie
ne la piel clara/morena. 2 (of animal) piel
f, pellejo. 3 (of fruit, vegetable) piel f. 4
(on paint) telilla, capa fina; (on milk, cus-
tard, etc) nata.
skinflint [skInflInt] n fam tacao,-a.
skinhead [skInhed] n cabeza mf rapa
da, skin mf.
skinny [skInI] adj fam flaco,-a.
comp skinnier, superl skinniest.
skip1 [skIp] n salto, brinco.
P vi 1 (move, jump) saltar, brincar; (with rope)
saltar a la comba. 2 (jump, flit) saltar.
P vt (miss, omit) saltarse: she skipped a few
pages se salt unas pginas.
pt & pp skipped, ger skipping.
skip2 [skIp] n (container) contenedor m.
skipper [skIpr] n 1 mar patrn,-ona,
capitn,-ana. 2 sp capitn,-ana.
skipping [skIpIN] n comp skipping rope
comba, cuerda de saltar.
343 slang
skirt [skt] n (garment) falda.
skirting [sktIN] [also skirting board]
n gb zcalo, rodapi m.
skittle [skItl] n (wooden pin) bolo.
P n pl skittles bolos mpl, boliche m sing.
skull [skl] n 1 anat crneo. 2 (symbol)
calavera. c o m p skull and crossbones
bandera pirata.
skunk [skNk] n zool mofeta.
sky [skaI] n (gen) cielo; (firmament) fir
mamento.
pl skies.
sky-blue [skaIblU] adj azul celeste.
skylark [skaIlAk] n alondra.
skylight [skaIlaIt] n tragaluz m, clara
boya.
skyline [skaIlaIn] n 1 (horizon) horizon
te m. 2 (of city) perfil m.
skyscraper [skaIskreIpr] n rascacie
los m.
slab [slQb] n (of stone) losa; (of cake) tro
zo; (of chocolate) tableta.
slack1 [slQk] adj 1 (not taut) flojo,-a: a
slack rope una cuerda floja. 2 (careless,
lax) descuidado,-a. 3 (not busy - trade,
demand) flojo,-a.
Pn (part of rope, wire, etc) parte f floja.
a to slack off
slack2 [slQk] n (coal) cisco.
slacken [slQkn] vt 1 (rope, grip) aflojar;
(reins) soltar. 2 (speed) reducir, dismi
nuir.
P vi (speed) reducirse, disminuir.
slalom [slAlm] n sp slalom m, eslalon m.
slam [slQm] n (of lid, book, etc) golpe m;
(of door) portazo. S
P vt 1 (shut forcefully) cerrar de golpe:
she slammed the door in my face me dio
con la puerta en las narices. 2 (throw nois-
ily) arrojar, lanzar. 3 fig (criticize) criti
car duramente. 4 (defeat) dar una pa
liza a. l o c to slam on the brakes auto
dar un frenazo. y to slam the phone
down colgar de golpe.
pt & pp slammed, ger slamming.
slang [slQN] n argot m, jerga.
P adj de jerga, de argot.
 slant
slant [slAnt] n 1 (gen) inclinacin f. 2
(point of view) enfoque m, punto de
vista.
P vt 1 (slope) inclinar. 2 fig (news, report,
etc) presentar tendenciosamente.
P vi (slope) inclinarse.
slap [slQp] n (gen) palmada; (smack) ca
chetada f; (in face) bofetada, bofetn
m . c o m p a slap in the face (rebuff) un
desaire, una bofetada.
P adv 1 (straight) de lleno: we drove slap
into a wall dimos de lleno contra una pa
red. 2 (right) justo.
P vt (gen) pegar (con la mano).
pt & pp slapped, ger slapping.
slash [slQS] n 1 (with sword) tajo; (with
knife) cuchillada. 2 fam (oblique) barra
oblicua.
P vt 1 (with sword) dar un tajo a; (with
knife) acuchillar, rajar. 2 fig (prices,
wages) rebajar, reducir: prices slashed
precios de remate.
slate [sleIt] n (gen) pizarra. l o c to wipe
the slate clean hacer borrn y cuenta
nueva.
slaughter [sltr] n matanza.
P vt (animals) matar, sacrificar; (people)
matar brutalmente.
slaughterhouse [slthaUs] n mata
dero.
slave [sleIv] n esclavo,-a. c o m p slave
trade trata de esclavos.
slavery [sleIvrI] n esclavitud f.
sledge [sledZ] n gb trineo.
P vi ir en trineo.
sleep [slip] n sueo: I'm going to have a
little sleep voy a dormir un poco. l o c to
go to sleep 1 (fall asleep) dormirse. 2
(become numb) dormirse, entumecer
se.
P vi (gen) dormir: I slept well dorm bien.
a to sleep in vi (sleep late) quedarse en
la cama, dormir hasta tarde.
pt & pp slept [slept].
sleeping [slipIN] adj durmiente,
dormido,-a. c o m p sleeping bag saco
de dormir. y Sleeping Beauty la Bella
Durmiente. y sleeping car coche ca
ma m.
344
sleepless [slipls] adj insomne. l o c
to have a sleepless night pasar la no
che en blanco.
sleepy [slipI] adj 1 (drowsy) soolien
to,-a. 2 (quiet, not busy) tranquilo,-a.
comp sleepier, superl sleepiest.
sleet [slit] n aguanieve f.
P vi caer aguanieve.
sleeve [sliv] n 1 (of garment) manga. 2
(of record) funda. l o c to have sth up
one's sleeve guardarse una carta en
la manga.
sleigh [sleI] n trineo. comp sleigh bell
cascabel m.
slender [slendr] adj 1 (person) delga
do,-a, esbelto,-a. 2 fig (hope, chance)
ligero,-a, remoto,-a; (income, majority)
escaso,-a.
comp slenderer, comp slenderest.
slept [slept] pt & pp sleep.
slice [slaIs] n 1 (of bread) rebanada; (thin
- ham, etc) lonja, loncha; (- meat) taja
da; (- of salami, lemon, etc) rodaja. 2 (por-
tion - of cake, pie) porcin f, trozo; (- of
melon, etc) rebanada, rodaja. 3 fig
(share) parte f; (proportion) proporcin
f. c o m p sliced bread pan m de molde.
P vt 1 (cut up) cortar a rebanadas, cortar
a lonjas, cortar a rodajas: she sliced up
the ham cort el jamn en lonchas. 2 (cut
off) cortar: can you slice me a piece of cake?
puedes cortarme un trozo de pastel?
a to slick down vt sep (hair) alisar.
slid [slId] pt & pp slide.
slide [slaId] n 1 (act of sliding) desliza
miento, desliz m; (slip) resbaln m. 2
(in playground) tobogn m. 3 (photo) dia
positiva. 4 (of microscope) platina, por
taobjetos m. c o m p slide projector pro
yector m de diapositivas.
P vt (gen) deslizar, pasar; (furniture) co
rrer.
P vi 1 (slip deliberately) deslizar, desli
zarse; (slip accidentally) resbalar: she slid
on the ice resbal en el hielo. 2 (move qui-
etly) deslizarse: the drawer slid open el
cajn se abri con facilidad.
pt & pp slid [slId].
slight [slaIt] adj 1 (small in degree) pe
queo,-a, ligero,-a; (not serious, unim-
 345
portant) leve, insignificante: a slight
change of plan un pequeo cambio de
planes. 2 (person) menudo,-a. l o c not
in the slightest en absoluto.
P n (affront) desaire m, desprecio.
slightly [slaItlI] adv (a little) ligeramen
te, un poco, algo: I know him slightly
apenas lo conozco. l o c to be slightly built
ser de complexin menuda.
slim [slIm] adj 1 (person, build) delga
do,-a, esbelto,-a. 2 (chance, hopes, pros-
pect) remoto,-a.
comp slimmer, superl slimmest.
P vi adelgazar, hacer rgimen: I'm
slimming estoy a rgimen.
pt & pp slimmed, ger slimming.
sling [slIN] n 1 med cabestrillo. 2 (cata-
pult) honda; (child's) tirador m. 3 (device
for lifting, carrying) cuerda; (for baby) can
guro.
P vt 1 fam (throw) tirar, arrojar: sling it in
the bin tralo a la basura. 2 (lift, support)
colgar.
pt & pp slung [slN].
slingshot [slINSt] n tirachinas m.
slip [slIp] n 1 (slide) resbaln m; (trip)
traspis m, tropezn m. 2 (mistake)
error m, equivocacin f; (moral) desliz
m. 3 (women's underskirt) combinacin
f; (petticoat) enaguas fpl. c o m p a slip of
the pen un lapsus. y a slip of the
tongue un lapsus linguae.
P vi 1 (slide) resbalar; (fall, get away, es-
cape) caer: my foot slipped se me fue el
pie. 2 auto (clutch, tyre) patinar.
P vt 1 (pass, give, put) pasar, deslizar,
dar a escondidas: she slipped the note
into her bag disimuladamente meti la
nota en el bolso. 2 (overlook, forget) esca
parse.
a to slip out vi (secret, comment, etc) esca
parse.
pt & pp slipped, ger slipping.
slipper [slIpr] n zapatilla.
slippery [slIprI] adj (surface) resbala
dizo,-a
comp slipperier, superl slipperiest.
slit [slIt] n (opening) abertura, hende
dura; (cut) corte m , raja: light came
slow
through the slits in the blind entraba la luz
por las ranuras de la persiana.
P vt (cut) cortar, rajar, hender.
pt & pp slit, ger slitting.
slither [slIDr] vi deslizarse.
slogan [slUgn] n eslogan m, lema m.
slope [slUp] n 1 (incline) cuesta, pen
diente f; (upward) subida; (downward)
bajada, declive m: a steep slope una
cuesta empinada. 2 (of mountain) ladera,
falda, vertiente f; (of roof) vertiente f.
P vi inclinarse.
sloppy [slpI] adj 1 (messy, careless - gen)
descuidado,-a; (- manual work)
chapucero,-a; (- appearance, dress)
desaliado,-a, dejado,-a. 2 (sentimen-
tal) empalagoso,-a.
comp sloppier, superl sloppiest.
slot [slt] n 1 (for coin) ranura; (groove)
muesca; (opening) rendija, abertura. 2
(programme) espacio; (position, place)
puesto, hueco. c o m p slot machine 1
(vending machine) distribuidor m auto
mtico. 2 (for gambling) mquina tra
gaperras.
P vt (insert) insertar, introducir: slot the
coin in the machine insertar la moneda en
la mquina.
pt & pp slotted, ger slotting.
Slovak [slUvQk] adj eslovaco,-a.
P n 1 (person) eslovaco,-a. 2 (language)
eslovaco.
Slovakia [slUvQkI] n Eslovaquia.
Slovene [slUvin] adj esloveno,-a.
P n 1 (person) esloveno,-a. 2 (language)
esloveno.
Slovenia [slUvin] n Eslovenia.
slow [slU] adj 1 (gen) lento,-a: a slow
recovery una recuperacin lenta. 2 (clock,
S
watch) atrasado,-a: my watch is slow mi
reloj va atrasado. 3 (dull, not active)
aburrido,-a. 4 (not quick to learn) lento,-
a, torpe; (thick) corto,-a de alcances:
he's a slow learner le cuesta aprender.
c o m p to be slow about/in doing sth tar
dar en hacer algo.
P adv despacio, lentamente: drive
slow! conduce despacio!
P vt (vehicle, machine) reducir la marcha
de.
 slowdown
P vi (gen) ir ms despacio.
a to slow down vt sep hacer ir ms
despacio.
P vi (gen) ir ms despacio.
slowdown [slUdaUn] n us (workers)
huelga de brazos cados.
slowly [slUlI] adv despacio, lenta
mente.
sludge [sldZ] n 1 (mud) fango, cieno,
lodo, barro. 2 (sewage) aguas fpl resi
duales.
slug [slg] n zool babosa.
slum [slm] n 1 (place, house, etc) casu
cha, tugurio. 2 fam (tip) pocilga.
P vi fam visitar los barrios bajos.
pt & pp slummed, ger slumming.
P n pl slums (area) barrios mpl bajos.
slump [slmp] n (recession) crisis f eco
nmica; (drop in demand, etc) bajn m,
baja repentina.
slung [slN] pt & pp sling.
slurp [slp] vt sorber ruidosamente.
sly [slaI] adj 1 (cunning) astuto,-a, ladi
no,-a; (deceitful) tramposo,-a. 2 (secre-
tive, knowing) furtivo,-a: a sly smile una
sonrisa maliciosa. 3 (mischievous, playful)
travieso,-a, pcaro,-a. l o c on the sly a
escondidas.
comp slyer o slier, superl slyest o sliest.
smack 1 [smQk] n 1 (slap) bofetada,
tortazo, azote m; (blow) golpe m. 2
fam (loud kiss) besote m, beso sonoro.
P vt 1 (slap) dar una bofetada a, abo
fetear, pegar a. 2 (strike) golpear.
smack2 [smQk] n 1 (flavour) sabor m;
(smell) olor m. 2 (hint, suggestion) pizca.
small [sml] adj 1 (not large) pequeo,
-a, chico,-a: we live in a small flat vivi
mos en un departamento pequeo. 2 (in
height) bajo,-a, pequeo,-a: he's a small
man es un hombre bajito. 3 (young) jo
ven, pequeo,-a: when I was small
cuando era pequeo. l o c in the small
hours a altas horas de la madruga
da. y c o m p small ads anuncios mpl por
palabras, pequeos anuncios mpl. y
small change cambio, monedas fpl
sueltas. y small letter letra minscu
la. y small print letra pequea.
comp smaller, comp smallest.
346
P adv pequeo: cut it up small crtalo en
trocitos.
smallpox [smlpks] n viruela.
smart [smAt] adj 1 (elegant) elegante,
fino,-a; (chic) fino,-a, de buen tono. 2
us (clever) listo,-a, inteligente; (sharp)
agudo,-a, vivo,-a; (impudent) fresco,-
a, descarado,-a: he thinks he's so smart
se cree muy listo. 3 (quick, brisk)
rpido,-a, ligero,-a.
smash [smQS] n 1 (noise) estrpito, es
truendo. 2 (collision) choque m violen
to, colisin f. 3 (blow) golpe m. 4 sp
(tennis) smash m, mate m. 5 (success, hit)
exitazo, gran xito. c o m p smash hit
gran xito, exitazo.
P vt 1 (break) romper; (shatter) hacer pe
dazos, hacer aicos; (destroy - car, room,
etc) destrozar: the vandals smashed the
place up los vndalos destrozaron el local.
2 (hit forcefully) romper; (crash, throw vio-
lently) estrellar (into, contra). 3 (defeat)
vencer, aplastar; (destroy) destrozar. 4
sp (in tennis) hacer un mate.
P vi 1 (break) romperse; (shatter) hacer
se aicos: the mirror smashed into tiny
pieces el espejo se hizo aicos. 2 (crash)
estrellarse (into, contra), chocar (in-
to, contra).
smashing [smQSIN] adj gb fam estu
pendo,-a, fantstico,-a, genial, fe
nomenal.
smear [smIr] n 1 (smudge, stain) man
cha. 2 fig (defamation) calumnia.
P vt 1 (spread - butter, ointment) untar; (-
grease, paint) embadurnar: he smeared
butter on the bread unt el pan con man
tequilla. 2 (make dirty) manchar. 3 fig
(defame) calumniar, difamar.
smell [smel] n 1 (sense) olfato. 2 (odour)
olor m; (perfume) perfume m, aroma m.
P vt 1 oler. 2 fig olfatear.
P vi 1 oler. 2 (have particular smell) oler (a).
pt & pp smelled o smelt [smelt].
smelly [smelI] adj apestoso,-a, malo
liente.
smelt1 [smelt] vt (melt) fundir.
smelt2 [smelt] pp smell.
smile [smaIl] n sonrisa.
P vi (gen) sonrer.

P vt (say with a smile) decir sonriendo.
a to smile on vi sonrer a.
smiley [smaIlI] n comput emoticn m.
smith [smIT] n herrero,-a.
smog [smg] n niebla txica, smog m.
smoke [smUk] n 1 (gen) humo. 2 fam
(cigarette) cigarrillo, cigarro, pitillo.
P vt 1 (person) fumar. 2 (meat, fish) ahu
mar.
P vi 1 (person) fumar. 2 (fire, chimney, etc)
echar humo, humear.
smoker [smUkr] n 1 (person) fuma
dor,-ra. 2 (on train) vagn m de
fumadores.
smoking [smUkIN] adj humeante.
P n fumar m.
smoky [smUkI] adj lleno,-a de humo.
comp smokier, comp smokiest.
smooth [smUD] adj 1 (surface, texture,
tyre) liso,-a; (skin) suave; (road) lla
no,-a, uniforme; (sea) tranquilo,-a,
en calma. 2 (liquid mixture, sauce) sin
grumos. 3 (wine, beer, etc) suave.
P vt (gen) alisar; (with sandpaper) lijar;
(polish) pulir.
smother [smDr] vt 1 (asphyxiate) as
fixiar, ahogar. 2 (put out - fire) sofocar,
extinguir, apagar. 3 (stifle - yawn,
cough, laughter) contener, reprimir;
(suppress - opposition) acallar. 4 (cover)
cubrir ( in/with, de); (heap) colmar
(in/with, de).
P vi (asphyxiate) asfixiarse, ahogarse.
smudge [smdZ] n (stain - gen) man
cha; (- of ink) borrn m.
P vt (gen) manchar; (writing) emborro
nar.
P vi (ink, paint, etc) correrse.
smuggle [smgl] vt 1 (illegally) pasar
de contrabando. 2 (sneak) pasar a es
condidas.
smuggler [smglr] n contrabandis
ta mf.
snack [snQk] n (light meal) bocado, pis
colabis m, tentempi m, refrigerio;
(in afternoon) merienda.
P vi comer, comerse. l o c to have a
snack picar algo. c o m p snack bar ca
fetera.
347 sneer
Pn pl snacks (gen) cosas fpl para picar;
(in bar) tapas fpl.
snail [sneIl] n caracol m.
snake [sneIk] n (big) serpiente f; (small)
culebra.
P vi fig (river, road, etc) serpentear.
snap [snQp] n 1 (sharp noise) ruido se
co; (of fingers, branch) chasquido. 2 fam
(snapshot) foto f, instantnea.
P vt 1 (break) partir en dos, romper en
dos. 2 (close) cerrar de golpe. 3 (click)
chasquear. 4 (say sharply) decir brus
camente.
P vi 1 (break) romperse, partirse. 2 fig
(person) perder los nervios, sufrir una
crisis nerviosa. 3 (speak sharply) regaar
(at, a), hablar con brusquedad (at, a).
pt & pp snapped, ger snapping.
" Snap es tambin un juego de cartas en
el que los jugadores van poniendo cartas
sobre la mesa, y si salen dos del mismo
nmero el primero que cante snap se las
lleva todas. El que se quede sin cartas es
eliminado; gana el que queda cuando los
dems estn eliminados.
snapshot [snQpSt] n foto f, instan
tnea.
snarl [snAl] n (growl) gruido.
P vi (growl) gruir (at, a).
P vt (say) gruir.
snatch [snQtS]
vt 1 (grab) arrebatar, arrancar, coger;
(steal) robar; (kidnap) secuestrar. 2
(sleep, food, etc) agarrar, pillar; (opportu-
nity, etc) aprovechar.
P vi arrebatar, quitar.
sneak [snik] n fam acusica mf, acu
sn,-ona, chivato,-a, sopln,-ona. S
P vt (take out) sacar (a escondidas);
(take in) pasar (a escondidas), colar
(de extranjis).
P vi 1 (move) moverse sigilosamente.
2 (tell tales) acusar ( on, a), chivarse
(on, de).
sneakers [snikz] n pl us zapatillas fpl
de deporte.
sneer [snIr] n 1 (look) cara de despre
cio; (smile) sonrisa burlona. 2 (remark)
comentario desdeoso.
 sneeze
P vi (mock) burlarse (at, de), mofarse
(at, de); (scorn) desdear, despreciar.
sneeze [sniz] n estornudo.
P vi estornudar.
sniff [snIf] n 1 aspiracin. 2 (inhalation)
aspiracin f (por la nariz), inhala
cin f.
P vt 1 (person - gen) oler; (animal) olfa
tear, husmear. 3 (drugs) esnifar.
a to snip off vt sep cortar con tijeras.
snob [snb] n esnob mf.
snooker [snukr] n snooker m.
snoop [snUp] vi 1 (search, investigate)
husmear, fisgar. 2 (pry) entrometer
se, meterse (into, en).
P n (person) fisgn,-ona.
snooze [snUz] n fam cabezada, sies
tecilla.
P vi fam dormitar, echar una cabezada.
snore [snr] n ronquido.
P vi roncar.
snorkel [snkl] n (of swimmer) tubo
de respiracin; (of submarine) esnr
quel m.
P vi bucear con tubo de respiracin.
pt & pp snorkelled (us snorkeled), ger
snorkelling (us snorkeling).
snorkelling [snklIN] n buceo (con
tubo de respiracin).
snort [snt] vi 1 (make noise - person) re
soplar, bufar; (- animal) resoplar. 2
(say angrily, etc) bramar, gruir.
P vt (drugs) esnifar.
P n 1 (person) resoplido, bufido; (ani-
mal) resoplido. 2 fam (drink) trago.
snout [snaUt] n 1 (of animal) morro, ho
cico. 2 gb fam (of person) napias mf, na
rizotas mf. 3 (of gun, bottle, etc) morro. 4
gb sl (tobacco) tabaco. 5 gb sl (informer)
sopln,-ona, chivato,-a.
snow [snU] n 1 meteor (gen) nieve f;
(snowfall) nevada. 2 tv nieve f.
P vi nevar: its snowing est nevando.
snowball [snUbl] n bola de nieve.
snowboard [snUbd] n snow
board.
snowdrop [snUdrp] n bot campani
lla de invierno.
snowflake [snUfleIk] n copo de nieve.
348
snowman [snUmQn] n mueco de
nieve.
snowplough [snUplaU] n quitanie
ves m.
snowshoe [snUSU] n raqueta (de
nieve).
snowstorm [snUstm] n tormenta
de nieve.
snowy [snUI] adj de nieve, nevado,-a.
comp snowier, superl snowiest.
a to snuff out vt sep (rebellion) sofocar;
(hopes) acabar con.
so [sU] conj 1 (therefore) as que, por lo
tanto, de manera que. 2 (to express
purpose) para, para que.
P adv 1 (introductory) as que, pues, bue
no: so you've decided to come as que has
decidido venir. 2 (very - before adj or adv)
tan; (- before noun or with verb) tanto,-a:
she's so bored est tan aburrida. 3 (unspeci-
fied number or amount, limit) tanto,-a: I can
only do so much no puedo hacer ms. 4
(thus, in this way) as, de esta manera,
de este modo: he's about so tall es as de
alto. 5 (to avoid repetition) que s: I think/
hope so creo/espero que s. 6 (to express
agreement, also) tambin: so am I/so do I/so
can I/so have I yo tambin.
P adj (factual, true) as: it can't be so no
puede ser. l o c and so on (and so forth)
y as sucesivamente. y if so de ser
as. y or so ms o menos. y so far has
ta ahora. y so long! hasta luego! y so
many tantos,-as. y so much tanto. y
so much for sth: so much for your advice!
vaya consejo que me diste! y so that
para que. y so what? y qu?
soak [sUk] vt (put in liquid) poner en
remojo, remojar; (saturate) empapar.
P vi 1 (washing, dried pulses) estar en re
mojo, 2 (bathe) baarse. 3 (penetrate)
empapar, calar.
P n 1 remojn m . 2 fam (drunkard)
borracho,-a.
soap [sUp] n jabn m: a bar/cake/tablet of
soap una pastilla de jabn. c o m p soap opera
culebrn m, telenovela. y soap powder
detergente m en polvo.
P vt enjabonar, jabonar.

soar [s ] vi 1 (bird, plane - fly) volar;
r
(- rise) remontar el vuelo, remontarse;
(- glide) planear. 2 fig (prices, costs, etc) dis
pararse. 3 (building) elevarse, alzarse.
sob [sb] n sollozo.
P vi sollozar.
P vt decir sollozando, decir entre so
llozos.
pt & pp sobbed, ger sobbing.
sober [sUbr] adj 1 (not drunk) sobrio,-a.
2 (person) serio,-a, formal; (attitude)
sobrio,-a, moderado,-a, sensato,-a.
3 (colour) discreto,-a, sobrio,-a.
so-called [sUkld] adj llamado,-a,
supuesto,-a.
soccer [skr] n ftbol m.
" El soccer es la denominacin que se
utiliza en Estados Unidos para hablar
nuestro ftbol. La palabra football est
reservada al ftbol americano, uno de los
deportes rey del pas.
sociable [sUSbl] adj sociable.
social [sUSl] adj 1 (gen) social. 2 fam
(sociable) sociable.
P n (informal meeting) acto social, reu
nin f (social); (party) fiesta; (dance)
baile m.
socialism [sUSlIzm] n socialismo.
socialist [sUSlist] adj & n socialista mf.
socialize [sUSlaIz] vi (mix socially) rela
cionarse, alternar; (at party) mezclar
se con la gente, hacer vida social.
P vt 1 tech (adapt to society) socializar. 2
us (nationalize) nacionalizar.
society [ssaItI] n 1 (community, people)
sociedad f. 2 (fashionable group, upper
class) (alta) sociedad f. 3 (organization,
club) sociedad f, asociacin f, club m,
crculo. 4 fml (company) compaa.
pl societies.
sociology [sUsIldZI] n sociologa.
sock [sk] n calcetn m.
socket [skIt] n 1 anat (of eye) cuenca,
rbita; (of joint) glena. 2 elec (for plug)
enchufe m, toma de corriente; (for
light bulb) portalmparas m. c o m p sock
et wrench llave f de tubo.
349 sole
soda [sUd] n 1 chem sosa, soda. 2
(soda water) soda, sifn m. 3 us (pop)
refresco. 4 (ice-cream soda) soda con
helado y almbar.
sodium [sUdIm] n chem sodio. c o m p
sodium bicarbonate bicarbonato s
dico.
sofa [sUf] n sof m.
soft [sft] adj 1 (not hard) blando,-a;
(spongy) esponjoso,-a; (flabby) fofo,-a. 2
(skin, hair, fur, etc) suave. 3 (light, music, col-
our) suave; (words) tierno,-a; (breeze, steps,
knock) ligero,-a; (outline) difuminado,-a;
(voz) baja. 4 fam (easy) fcil. c o m p soft
copy datos mpl contenidos en la me
moria del ordenador. y soft drink re
fresco. y soft palate velo del paladar.
soft-boiled [sftbIld] adj (egg) pasa
do por agua.
soften [sfn] vt suavizar, ablandar.
P vi (leather, heart, butter) ablandarse;
(skin) suavizarse.
softener [sfnr] n suavizante m.
software [sftwer] n comput soft
ware m.
soggy [sgI] adj 1 (wet) empapado,-a,
saturado,-a. 2 (too soft) pastoso,-a,
gomoso,-a.
comp soggier, superl soggiest.
soil [sIl] n 1 (earth) tierra. 2 fml (country,
territory) tierra.
P vt 1 (dirty) ensuciar; (stain) manchar.
2 fig (reputation) manchar.
P vi ensuciarse.
soiled [sIld] adj (dirty) sucio,-a;
(stained) manchado,-a.
solar [sUlr] adj solar. c o m p solar cell c S
lula solar. y solar corona corona solar. y
solar energy energa solar. y solar plexus
plexo solar.y solar year ao solar. y the
solar system el sistema m solar.
sold [slept] pt & pp sell.
solder [sldr] n soldadura.
P vt soldar.
soldier [sUldZr] n (not officer) soldado;
(military man) militar m. c o m p a soldier
of fortune un mercenario.
sole1 [sUl] n (fish) lenguado.
 sole
sole 2
[sUl] adj 1 (only, single) nico,-a. 2
(exclusive) exclusivo,-a.
sole3 [sUl] n (of foot) planta; (of shoe,
sock) suela.
P vt poner suela a.
solicitor [slIsItr] n 1 gb abogado,-a.
2 us oficial mf de justicia.
solid [slId] adj 1 (not liquid or gas) sli
do,-a. 2 (not hollow) macizo,-a. 3 (dense,
compact) compacto,-a. 4 (unmixed) pu
ro,-a, macizo,-a. 5 (strong) slido,-a,
fuerte. 6 (reliable) slido,-a, de con
fianza, de fiar. 7 (unanimous) unni
me. 8 (continuous) seguido,-a, entero,
-a; (unbroken) continuo,-a. 9 tech
(three-dimensional) tridimensional.
P n (substance) slido.
solidarity [slIdQrtI] n solidaridad f.
solidification [slIdIfIkeISn] n solidi
ficacin f.
solidify [slIdIfaI] vt solidificar.
P vi solidificarse.
pt & pp solidified, ger solidifying.
solitary [slItrI] adj 1 (alone) solitario,
-a. 2 (secluded, remote) apartado,-a,
retirado,-a. 3 (only, sole) solo,-a, nico,-a.
solitude [slItjUd] n soledad f.
solo [sUlU] n 1 mus solo. 2 av vuelo
en solitario. 3 (card game) solitario.
pl solos.
P adj 1 mus (performance, album) en soli
tario; (instrument) solo; (piece) para so
lista. 2 (attempt, flight) en solitario.
P adv 1 mus (play, sing) solo,-a. 2 (fly) en
solitario.
soloist [sIlUIst] n mus solista mf.
solstice [slstIs] n solsticio.
soluble [sljbl] adj soluble.
solution [sljuSn] n solucin m.
solve [slv] vt (problem) resolver, solu
cionar; (case, equation) resolver.
solvent [slvnt] adj 1 (not in debt) sol
vente. 2 (that can dissolve) soluble.
P n solvente m, disolvente m.
Somali [smAlI] adj somal.
P n somal mf.
Somalia [smAlI] n Somalia.
some [sm] adj 1 (with plural noun) unos,
-as, algunos,-as; (a few) unos,-as
350
cuantos,-as, unos,-as pocos,-as: there
were some flowers on the table haba unas
flores en la mesa. 2 (with singular noun) al
gn, alguna; (a little) algo de, un poco
de: would you like some coffee? quieres un
poco de caf? 3 (certain) cierto,-a,
alguno,-a: some days are better than others
algunos das son mejores que otros. 4
(unknown, unspecified) algn, alguna:
some day un da de stos. 5 (quite a lot of)
bastante: she's been gone some time hace
ya bastante tiempo que se ha ido. 6 fam
iron (none, not at all) valiente, menudo,-
a: some help that was! valiente ayuda! 7
fam (quite a, a fine) menudo,-a: that was
some meal! menuda comida!
P pron 1 (unspecified number) unos,-as,
algunos,-as: I'll have to buy some pota-
toes tendr que comprar patatas. 2 (un-
specified amount) no se traduce: if you want
more paper, there's some in the drawer si te
hace falta ms papel, hay en el cajn. 3
(certain ones) ciertos,-as, algunos,-as;
(a certain part) algo, un poco, parte f:
some of my friends algunos amigos mos.
P adv 1 (approximately, about) unos,-as, al
rededor de, aproximadamente: there
were some twenty people haba unas veinte
personas. 2 us fam (rather, a little) un poco:
they waited some esperaron un poco.
somebody [smbdI] pron alguien:
somebody must have lost it alguien debe
haberlo perdido. l o c somebody else
otro,-a, otra persona.
somehow [smhaU] adv 1 (in some way)
de algn modo, de alguna manera.
2 (for some reason) por alguna razn.
someone [smwn] pron somebody.
someplace [smpleIs] adv us some
where.
somersault [smslt] n (by acrobat)
salto mortal; (by child) voltereta; (by
car) vuelta de campana.
P vi (acrobat) dar un salto mortal;
(child) dar volteretas; (car) dar una
vuelta de campana.
something [smTIN] pron 1 algo. 2 (a
thing of value) algo. 3 (in vague or ill-de-
fined statements) algo.

P adv: it costs something like 100 pounds
cuesta unas cien libras.
sometime [smtaIm] adv algn da.
P adj fml (former) antiguo,-a, ex-.
sometimes [smtaImz] adv a veces,
de vez en cuando.
somewhat [smwt] adv algo, un
tanto.
somewhere [smwer] adv 1 (in some
place) en alguna parte; (to some place) a
alguna parte. 2 (approximately) ms o
menos, alrededor de.
P pron un lugar, un sitio. l o c somewhere
else 1 (in) en otra parte, en otro sitio.
2 (to) a otra parte, a otro sitio.
son [sn] n hijo.
song [sN] n (gen) cancin f; (art, of bird)
canto.
songbird [sNbd] n pjaro cantor,
ave f canora.
songbook [sNbUk] n cancionero.
songwriter [sNraItr] n compositor,
-ra (de canciones).
son-in-law [snInl] n yerno.
pl sons-in-law.
soon [sUn] adv 1 (within a short time)
pronto, dentro de poco. 2 (early)
pronto, temprano. 3 (expressing prefer-
ence, readiness, willingness): I'd (just) as soon
eat in as preferira comer en casa que
l o c as soon as tan pronto como. y as
soon as possible cuanto antes. y soon
afterwards poco despus.
sooner [sUnr] adv 1 (earlier) ms tem
prano. 2 (rather) antes. l o c no sooner
said than done dicho y hecho. y soon
er or later tarde o temprano. y the
sooner the better cuanto antes mejor.
soot [sUt] n holln m.
soothe [sUD] vt 1 (calm) calmar, tran
quilizar, aplacar; (quieten) acallar. 2
(ease pain) aliviar, calmar.
sorcerer [ssrr] n hechicero, brujo.
sorcery [ssrI] n hechicera, brujera.
sore [sr] adj 1 (aching) dolorido,-a;
(painful) doloroso,-a; (inflamed) inflama
do,-a. 2 us fam (angry) enfadado,-a
(about, por), picado,-a (about, por).
351 sound
3 lit (great) enorme, gran; (serious) grave;
(urgent) urgente.
P n med llaga, lcera.
sorrow [srU] n 1 (grief) pena, pesar m,
dolor m. 2 (cause of sadness) disgusto.
P vi llorar (at/over/for, por).
sorry [srI] adj (pitiful, wretched) triste,
lamentable. l o c to be sorry (grieved,
feeling sadness) sentir. y to feel sorry for
sb compadecer. y to say sorry discul
parse, pedir perdn.
comp sorrier, superl sorriest.
P interj 1 (apology) perdn!, disculpe!
2 gb (for repetition) perdn?, cmo?
sort [st] n 1 (type, kind) clase f, tipo, g
nero, suerte f; (make, brand) marca. 2
fam (person) tipo,-a, to,-a. l o c a sort of
una especie de. y of a sort / of sorts una
especie de. y nothing of the sort nada
semejante. y sort of en cierto modo.
P vt 1 (classify) clasificar. 2 (repair) arre
glar.
P vi (check) revisar (through, -).
a to sort out vt sep 1 (classify) clasificar;
(put in order) ordenar, poner en orden.
2 (separate) separar (from, de). 3 (solve
- problem) arreglar, solucionar; (- mis-
understanding) aclarar. 4 (arrange) orga
nizar, arreglar; (set - date) fijar. 5 (deal
with - person) meter en vereda.
so-so [sUsU] adv fam as as, regular.
sought [st] pt & pp seek.
soul [sUl] n 1 rel alma, espritu m. 2
(spirit) espritu m; (feeling, character) carc
ter m, personalidad f. 3 (person) alma,
persona. 4 mus soul m, msica soul.
sound1 [saUnd] adj 1 (healthy) sano,-a. 2
(solid) slido,-a, firme; (in good condition) S
en buen estado. 3 (sensible) sensa
to,-a, acertado,-a; (valid) slido,-a,
lgico,-a, razonable; (responsible) res
ponsable, formal, de fiar; (reliable,
safe) seguro,-a. 4 (thorough) comple
to,-a; (severe) severo,-a. 5 (of sleep)
profundo,-a. l o c to be sound asleep
estar dormido como un tronco.
sound2 [saUnd] vt 1 mar sondar. 2 med
(gen) sondar; (chest) auscultar.
P n med sonda.
 sound
sound 3
[saUnd] n geog estrecho, bra
zo de mar.
sound4 [saUnd] n 1 (gen) sonido; (noise)
ruido. 2 tv (volume) volumen m. 3 (im-
pression, idea) idea. c o m p sound effects
efectos sonoros.
P vt 1 (bell, horn, trumpet) tocar, hacer
sonar; (alarm) dar (la seal de); (retreat)
tocar. 2 ling pronunciar.
P vi 1 (bell, horn, alarm, etc) sonar, reso
nar. 2 (seem) parecer; (give impression)
sonar. 3 ling pronunciarse, sonar.
soundtrack [saUndtrQk] n banda so
nora.
soup [sUp] n culin (gen) sopa; (clear,
thin) caldo, consom m.
sour [saUr] adj 1 (fruit) cido,-a, agrio,
-a; (milk) cortado,-a, agrio,-a; (wine)
agrio,-a. 2 (person) amargado,-a,
avinagrado,-a; (behaviour, expression)
agrio,-a, avinagrado,-a.
P vt 1 (milk) agriar, cortar. 2 (person, re-
lationship) amargar.
P vi 1 (milk) agriarse, cortarse; (wine)
agriarse. 2 (person, character) amargar
se, avinagrarse.
source [ss] n 1 (of river) fuente f, naci
miento. 2 (origin, cause) fuente f, ori
gen m.
south [saUT] n sur m.
P adj sur, del sur, meridional. c o m p
South American sudamericano,-a. y
the South Pole el Polo Sur.
P adv (direction) hacia el sur; (location) al sur.
P n the South el Sur m, el sur m.
southeast [saUTist] n sudeste m.
P adj sudeste, del sudeste.
P adv (direction) hacia el sudeste; (loca-
tion) al sudeste.
southern [sDn] adj del sur, meridio
nal, austral. c o m p Southern Europe
Europa del Sur.
southward [saUTwd] adj hacia el
sur, en direccin sur.
P adv al sur, hacia el sur.
southwards [saUTwdz] adv (direction)
hacia el sur; (location) al sur.
southwest [saUTwest] n suroeste m.
P adj suroeste, del suroeste.
P adv al suroeste, hacia el suroeste.
352
souvenir [sUvnIr] n recuerdo (of, de).
sovereign [svrIn] n 1 soberano,-a. 2
(coin) soberano.
gb
soberano,-a.
P adj
sow1 [saU] n zool cerda, puerca.
sow2 [sU] vt (gen) sembrar (with, de).
pt sowed, pp sowed o sown [sUn].
sown [sUn] pp sow.
soy [sI] n us soja.
soya [sI] n gb soja. c o m p soya bean
soja.
spa [spA] n 1 (resort) balneario; (baths)
baos mpl, termas fpl. 2 us (jacuzzi) ja
cuzzi m. 3 us (gymnasium) gimnasio.
space [speIs] n 1 phys espacio. 2 (con-
tinuous expanse) espacio. 3 (room, unoccu-
pied area) espacio, sitio, lugar m. 4
(gap, empty place) espacio, hueco. 5 (in
time) espacio, lapso. c o m p space lab la
boratorio espacial. y space probe son
da espacial. y space ship nave f espa
cial. y space shuttle transbordador m
espacial.
space-bar [speIsbAr] n barra espa
ciadora m.
spacecraft [speIskrAft] n nave f espa
cial.
pl spacecraft.
spaceship [speIsSIp] n nave f espa
cial.
spade1 [speId] n (playing card - international
pack) pica; (- Spanish pack) espada.
spade2 [speId] n (for digging) pala.
, Spade no significa 'espada', que se
traduce por sword.
spaghetti [spgetI] n espagueti m.
Spain [speIn] n Espaa.
span1 [spQn] pt spin.
span2 [spQn] n 1 (of wings) envergadu
ra; (of arch, bridge) luz f, ojo; (of hand)
palmo. 2 (of time) perodo, lapso.
P vt 1 (cross) atravesar, cruzar. 2 (extend
over) abarcar, extenderse a.
pt & pp spanned, ger spanning.
Spaniard [spQnjd] n (person) espa
ol,-la.

Spanish [spQnIS] adj espaol,-la. comp
Spanish America Hispanoamrica. y
Spanish guitar guitarra clsica.
P n 1 (person) espaol,-la. 2 (language)
espaol m, castellano.
P n pl the Spanish los espaoles mpl.
spanner [spQnr] n llave f de tuerca.
spare [sper] adj 1 (reserve) de repues
to; (free) libre; (extra) de sobra. 2 (thin,
lean) enjuto,-a.
P n (spare part) recambio, repuesto.
c o m p spare room habitacin f de invi
tados. y spare time tiempo libre. y
spare tyre 1 (wheel) rueda de recam
bio. 2 (stomach) micheln m. y spare
wheel rueda de recambio.
P vt 1 (do without) prescindir de, pasar
sin. 2 (begrudge) escatimar. 3 (save, re-
lieve) ahorrar, evitar.
spark [spAk] n 1 (from fire, electrical) chis
pa. 2 (trace) chispa, pizca. 3 (cause, trig-
ger) chispazo. c o m p spark plug buja.
P vi echar chispas, chispear.
sparking plug [spAkINplg] n auto
buja.
sparkle [spAkl] n 1 (of diamond, glass)
centelleo, destello, brillo; (of eyes) bri
llo. 2 fig (liveliness) viveza; (wit) brillo.
P vi 1 (gen) brillar; (firework) echar chis
pas, chispear. 2 fig (person) brillar, lu
cirse; (conversation) brillar.
sparkler [spAklr] n 1 (firework) ben
gala. 2 fam (gem) brillante m.
sparrow [spQrU] n gorrin m.
sparse [spAs] adj (vegetation) escaso,-a,
poco denso,-a; (population) disper
so,-a, esparcido,-a; (hair) ralo,-a; (in-
formation) escaso,-a.
spasm [spQzm] n 1 med espasmo. 2
(of coughing, laughing, etc) ataque m, ac
ceso; (of anger) arrebato, acceso.
spat [spQt] pt & pp spit2.
spatter [spQt r] vt (splash) salpicar
(with, de); (sprinkle) rociar (with, de).
P visalpicar.
P n (spattered spot) salpicadura, man
chita; (small amount) pizca.
speak [spik] vi 1 (gen) hablar. 2 (make
speech) pronunciar un discurso. 3 (on
phone) hablar.
353 specify
P vt 1 (utter, say) decir. 2 (language) ha
blar. l o c generally/roughly speaking
en trminos generales. y personally
speaking personalmente. y speaking
of a propsito de
a to speak for vt insep (state views, wishes
of) hablar en nombre de.
a to speak out vi (speak openly) hablar
claro.
a to speak up vi 1 (speak more loudly)
hablar ms fuerte. 2 (give opinion) de
fender.
pt spoke [ s p U k ] , pp spoken
[spUkn].
speaker [spik r] n 1 (gen) persona
que habla, el que habla, la que ha
bla; (in dialogue) interlocutor,-ra; (in
public) orador,-ra; (lecturer) conferen
ciante mf. 2 (of language) hablante mf. 3
(loudspeaker) altavoz m.
P n the Speaker 1 gb el/la presiden
te,-a de la Cmara de los Comunes.
2 us el/la presidente,-a de la Cma
ra de los Representantes.
spear [spIr] n 1 (gen) lanza; (javelin) ja
balina; (harpoon) arpn m. 2 bot punta.
P vt (with fork) pinchar; (with harpoon)
arponear; (impale with spear) atravesar
con una lanza.
special [speSl] adj 1 (not ordinary or usual)
especial; (exceptional) extraordinario,
-a. 2 (specific) especfico,-a, particular.
P n 1 (train) tren m especial. 2 (TV pro-
gramme) programa m especial. 3 us
(special offer) oferta especial.
speciality [speSIQlItI] n especialidad f.
pl specialities.
specialize [speSlaIz] vi especiliazarse.
S
species [spiSiz] n especie f.
pl species.
specific [spsIfIk] adj 1 (particular, not
general) especfico,-a; (definite) concre
to,-a. 2 (exact, detailed, precise) preci
so,-a; (clear in meaning) explcito,-a.
P n med (drug) especfico.
P n pl specifics (particulars, details) datos
mpl (concretos).
specify [spesIfaI] vt especificar, pre
cisar, concretar.
pt & pp specified, ger specifying.
specimen
specimen [spesImn] n 1 (sample) es
pcimen m , muestra. 2 (example)
ejemplar m. 3 fam pej (person) tipo,-a.
speck [spek] n 1 (of dust, soot) mota;
(stain) manchita; (dot) punto negro. 2
(trace) pizca.
spectacle [spektkl] n (show, display)
espectculo.
P n pl spectacles gafas fpl.
spectacular [spektQkjlr] adj espec
tacular.
spectator [spekteItr] n espectador,-ra.
P n pl the spectators el pblico m sing.
specter [spektr] n us spectre.
spectre [spektr] n espectro.
spectrum [spektrm] n 1 phys espec
tro. 2 (range) espectro, gama.
pl spectra [spektr].
sped [sped] pt & pp speed.
speech [spitS] n 1 (faculty, act) habla. 2
(spoken language, way of speaking) habla,
manera de hablar. 3 (formal talk) discur
so, alocucin f; (informal talk) charla;
(lectura) conferencia; (lines in play) dilo
go. c o m p direct speech estilo directo. y
indirect speech estilo indirecto. y part
of speech parte de la oracin.
pl speeches.
speed [spid] n 1 (rate of movement) velo
cidad f; (quickness) rapidez f; (haste)
prisa. 2 (sensitivity of film) sensibilidad f,
velocidad f; (time of shutter) tiempo de
exposicin, abertura. 3 (gear) mar
cha, velocidad f. 4 sl (drug) speed m,
anfetas fpl. c o m p speed limit lmite m
de velocidad.
P vi 1 (go fast) ir corriendo, ir a toda
prisa, ir a toda velocidad. 2 (break
limit) ir a exceso de velocidad.
1 (hurry - process, matter) acelerar. 2 (take
quickly) hacer llegar rpidamente.
a to speed up vt sep (process, matter, pro-
duction) acelerar; (person) apresurar,
meter prisa a.
P vi (vehicle) acelerar; (person, process,
production) acelerarse, apresurarse,
darse prisa.
pt & pp speeded o sped [sped].
speedboat [spidbUt] n lancha rpida.
354
speeding [spidIN] n auto exceso de
velocidad.
speedometer [spIdmItr] n veloc
metro.
speedway [spidweI] n 1 (racing) ca
rreras fpl de moto. 2 (track) pista de
carreras, circuito.
speedy [spidI] adj (quick) rpido,-a,
veloz; (prompt) pronto,-a, rpido,-a.
comp speedier, superl speediest.
speleology [spilIldZI] n espeleologa.
spell1 [spel] n (magical) hechizo, en
canto.
spell3 [spel] vt 1 (orally) deletrear; (writ-
ten) escribir correctamente. 2 fig
(mean) significar, representar; (bring)
traer, acarrear; (foretell) anunciar, au
gurar, presagiar.
P vi saber escribir correctamente.
a to spell out vt sep 1 (word) deletrear.
2 (explain in detail) explicar con deta
lle, detallar, pormenorizar.
pt & pp spelled o spelt [spelt].
spelling [spelIN] n ortografa. c o m p
spelling mistake falta de ortografa.
spelt [spelt] pt & pp spell.
spend [spend] vt 1 (money) gastar (on,
en). 2 (pass time) pasar. 3 (devote time/
energy) dedicar (on, a), invertir (on,
en). 4 (use up, exhaust) gastar, agotar.
P vi (money) gastar.
pt & pp spent [spent].
spent [spent] pt & pp spend.
P adj 1 (used) usado,-a, gastado,-a. 2
(exhausted) agotado,-a; (finished)
acabado,-a.
sperm [spm] n esperma mf . c o m p
sperm whale cachalote m.
sphere [sfIr] n 1 (shape) esfera. 2 (area,
range, extent) esfera, mbito.
spherical [sferIkl] adj esfrico,-a.
sphincter [sfINktr] n esfnter m.
sphinx [sfINks] n esfinge f.
spice [spaIs] n 1 especia. 2 fig sazn
m, sal f, salsa, sabor m.
P vt 1 culin sazonar, condimentar. 2
(story, etc) echar salsa a (up, -).

spicy [spaIsI] adj 1 culin (seasoned) sa
zonado,-a, condimentado,-a; (hot)
picante. 2 fig (story, etc) picante.
comp spicier, superl spiciest.
spider [spaIdr] n araa. c o m p spider's
web telaraa.
spied [spaId] pt & pp spy.
spike1 [spaIk] n 1 (sharp point) punta,
pincho; (sharp-pointed object) objeto
puntiagudo. 2 (on running shoe) clavo.
P vt 1 (with shoes) clavar. 2 (drink) echar
alcohol a.
spike2 [spaIk] n bot espiga.
spill [spIl] vt (liquid) derramar, verter;
(knock over) volcar.
P vi 1 (liquid) derramarse, verterse. 2
(people) salir en tropel.
a to spill over vi (liquid) salirse, des
bordarse; (people) rebosar; (conflict) ex
tenderse.
pt & pp spilled o spilt [spIlt].
spilt [spIlt] pt & pp spill.
spin [spIn] n 1 (turn) vuelta, giro, revo
lucin f. 2 (of washing machine) centri
fugado. 3 sp (of ball) efecto. 4 (of plane)
barrena; (of car) patinazo. 5 (ride, trip)
vuelta, paseo (en coche o en moto).
P vt 1 (make turn) hacer girar, dar vuel
tas a. 2 (washing) centrifugar. 3 (ball)
darle efecto a. 4 (cotton, wool, etc) hilar;
(spider's web) tejer.
P vi 1 (turn) girar, dar vueltas. 2 (wash-
ing machine) centrifugar. 3 (cotton, wool,
etc) hilar. 4 (plane) caer en barrena;
(car) patinar. 5 (move rapidly) girar(se),
darse la vuelta.
pt spun [spn] o span [spQn] , pp
spun [spn], ger spinning.
spinach [spInIdZ] n 1 bot espinaca. 2
culin espinacas fpl.
spinal [spaInl] adj espinal, vertebral.
c o m p spinal column columna verte
bral. y spinal cord mdula espinal.
spin-dryer [spIndraIr] n secador m
centrfugo, centrifugadora.
spine [spaIn] n 1 anat columna verte
bral, espina dorsal, espinazo. 2 (of
book) lomo. 3 zool (of hedgehog, etc)
pa. 4 bot espina.
355 splash
spinning [spInIN] n (action) hilado; (art)
hilandera. c o m p spinning top peon
za, trompo. y spinning wheel rueca,
torno de hilar.
spiny [spaInI] adj espinoso,-a.
comp spinier, superl spiniest.
spiral [spaIrl] n espiral f.
P adj espiral, en espiral.
P vi1 (move in a spiral) moverse en es
piral. 2 (increase rapidly) dispararse.
spire [spaIr] n aguja.
spirit1 [spIrIt] n chem alcohol m.
P n pl spirits (alcoholic drink) bebidas fpl
alcohlicas, licores mpl.
spirit2 [spIrIt] n 1 (soul) espritu m, al
ma; (ghost) fantasma m. 2 (person) ser
m, alma. 3 (force, vigour) vigor m, ener
ga; (personality) carcter m; (courage)
valor m.
spiritual [spIrItjUl] adj espiritual.
P n (song) espiritual m negro.
spit1 [spIt] n 1 culin asador m, espetn
m. 2 geog (of sand) banco; (of land) pun
ta, lengua.
spit2 [spIt] n (saliva) saliva, esputo.
P vt (gen) escupir.
P vi 1 (gen) escupir (at, a), (on, en). 2
(rain) chispear. 3 (sputter) chisporrotear.
a to spit out vt sep 1 (gen) escupir. 2 fig
(say sharply) soltar.
pt & pp spat [spQt].
spite [spaIt] n (ill will) rencor m, ojeri
za. loc in spite of a pesar de, pese a
P vt fastidiar.
spiteful [spaItfUl] adj (person) renco
roso,-a, malvolo,-a; (comment)
malicioso,-a.
spittle [spItl] n saliva, baba.
splash [splQS] n 1 (noise) chapoteo. 2
S
(spray) salpicadura, rociada. 3 (small
amount) gota, chorrito, poco. 4 fig (of
light, colour, etc) mancha.
P vt 1 (gen) salpicar (with, de), rociar
(with, de). 2 fam (of news, story, etc) sa
car, salir.
pl splashes.
P vi 1 (of liquid) salpicar, esparcirse. 2 (move
noisily) chapotear (about/around, -).
a to splash down vi amarar, ameri
zar.
 spleen
a to splash out vi fam darse un lujo,
gastarse un dineral.
spleen [splin] n anat bazo.
splendid [splendId] adj 1 (excellent) es
tupendo,-a, maravilloso,-a. 2 (mag-
nificent) esplndido,-a, magnfico,-a.
, Splendid no significa 'esplndido
(generoso)', que se traduce por lavish.
splinter [splIntr] n (of wood) astilla; (of
metal, bone, stone) esquirla; (of glass)
fragmento.
split [splIt] n 1 (crack, cut, break) grieta,
raja. 2 (tear - in garment) desgarrn m,
rasgn m; (- in seam) descosido. 3 (divi-
sion) divisin f, ruptura. 4 (division,
sharing out) reparto.
P adj 1 (cracked) partido,-a, rajado,-a;
(torn) desgarrado,-a, rasgado,-a. 2 (di-
vided) dividido,-a.
P vt 1 (crack, break) agrietar; (cut) partir.
2 (tear - garment) rajar, desgarrar;
(- seam) descoser. 3 phys (atom) desinte
grar. 4 (divide, separate) dividir (up, -).
P vi 1 (crack) agrietarse, rajarse; (in two
parts) partirse. 2 (tear - garment) rajarse,
desgarrarse; (- seams) descoserse. 3
(divide) dividirse (up, -).
a to split up vt sep (friends, lovers) separar.
P vi (crowd, meeting) dispersarse; (couple)
separarse, romper.
pt & pp split, ger splitting.
spoil [spIl] vt 1 (ruin) estropear, echar
a perder, arruinar. 2 (invalidate) anu
lar. 3 (make child selfish) mimar, con
sentir; (indulge) complacer.
P vi (food) estropearse, echarse a per
der.
pt & pp spoiled o spoilt [spIlt].
spoilt [spIlt] pp spoil.
P adj 1 (food, etc) estropeado,-a. 2 (child)
mimado,-a, consentido,-a. 3 (ballot
paper) nulo,-a.
spoke1 [spUk] n (of wheel) radio, rayo.
spoke [spUk] pt speak.
2
spoken [spUkn] pt & pp speak.
P adj hablado,-a, oral.
spokesman [spUksmn] n portavoz m
pl spokesmen [spUksmn].
356
spokesperson [spUkspsn] n por
tavoz mf.
pl spokespersons o spokespeople
[spUksppipl].
spokeswoman [spUkswUmn] n
portavoz f.
pl spokeswomen [spUkswImIn].
sponge [spndZ] n 1 (gen) esponja. 2
gb (cake) bizcocho. c o m p sponge cake
bizcocho.
sponsor [spnsr] n 1 (gen) patrocina
dor,-ra, sponsor mf; (for arts) mecenas
mf. 2 fin avalador,-ra, garante mf.
P vt 1 (gen) patrocinar; (studies, research)
subvencionar. 2 (support) apoyar, res
paldar. 3 fin avalar, garantizar.
spontaneous [ s p n t e I n I s ] adj
espontneo,-a.
spooky [spUkI] adj fam escalofriante,
espeluznante, horripilante.
comp spookier, superl spookiest.
spool [spUl] n carrete m, bobina.
spoon [spUn] n cuchara.
spoonful [spUnfUl] n cucharada.
pl spoonfuls o spoonsful.
sport [spt] n 1 (gen) deporte m. 2 (per-
son) buena persona. 3 (fun) diversin
f. 4 fam (fellow) amigo,-a.
P vt (wear proudly) lucir.
P vi (frolic) retozar, juguetear.
sports [spts] n pl deportes mpl.
P n (meeting) competicin f deportiva.
P adj deportivo,-a, de deportes. c o m p
sports car (coche m ) deportivo. y
sports centre/complex polideportivo.
y sports club club deportivo. y sports
commentator comentarista deporti
vo. y sports event evento deportivo.
y sports ground campo de deportes. y
sports jacket chaqueta (de) sport.
sportsman [sptsmn] n deportista m.
pl sportsmen [sptsmn].
sportswear [sptswer] n (for sport) ropa
de deporte; (casual) ropa (de) sport.
sportswoman [sptswUmn] n de
portista.
pl sportswomen [sptswImIn].
sporty [sptI] adj deportivo,-a, afi
cionado,-a a los deportes.
comp sportier, superl sportiest.
 357
spot [spt] n 1 (dot) punto; (on fabric) lu
nar m, mota; (on animal) mancha. 2
(mark, stain) mancha. 3 (blemish, pimple)
grano. 4 (place) sitio, lugar m. 5 (area of
body) punto; (flaw) mancha. 6 (fix, trou-
ble) lo, aprieto, apuro. 7 (place in
broadcast) espacio. 8 fam (small amount)
poquito, poquitn m; (drop) gota. 9
(position) puesto. 10 fam (spotlight) foco.
l o c on the spot 1 (at once, then and there)
en el acto, all mismo. 2 (at the place of
the action) en el lugar del los hechos. 3
(without moving away) en el lugar.
P vt 1 (notice) darse cuenta de, notar;
(see) ver; (recognize) reconocer; (find)
encontrar, descubrir; (catch out) pillar.
2 (mark with spots) motear; (stain) man
char, salpicar.
P vi gb (rain) chispear, lloviznar.
pt & pp spotted, ger spotting.
P adj (price, cash) contante, al contado.
spotlight [sptlaIt] n (lamp) foco, pro
yector m, reflector m; (beam) luz f de
foco.
P vt 1 iluminar, enfocar. 2 (draw atten-
tion to) poner de relieve, destacar.
spotted [sptId] adj (with dots) con
puntos; (fabric) de lunares; (speckled)
moteado,-a; (stained) manchado,-a;
(animal) con manchas.
spotty [sptI] adj (person, face, complex-
ion) con granos, lleno,-a de granos.
comp spottier, superl spottiest.
spout [spaUt] n 1 (of jug) pico; (of foun-
tain) surtidor m, cao; (of roof-gutter)
canaln m; (of teapot) pitorro. 2 (jet of
water) chorro.
sprain [spreIn] n med torcedura.
P vt torcer.
sprang [s`rQN] pt spring.
spray1 [spreI] n (of flowers) ramillete m.
spray2 [spreI] n 1 (of water) rociada;
(from sea) espuma; (from aerosol) pulve
rizacin f. 2 (aerosol) spray m; (atomizer)
atomizador m, vaporizador m. c o m p
spray can aerosol m. y spray paint pin
tura spray.
P vt (water) rociar; (crops) fumigar;
(paint) pintar a pistola.
P vi (water) rociar.
spun
spread [spred] vt 1 (lay out) extender,
tender; (unfold) desplegar; (scatter) es
parcir. 2 (butter, etc) untar, extender;
(paint, glue, etc) extender, repartir. 3
(news, ideas, etc) difundir, divulgar; (ru-
mour) hacer correr; (disease, fire) propa
gar; (panic, terror) sembrar. 4 (wealth,
work, cost) distribuir, repartir.
P vi 1 (stretch out) extenderse; (open out,
unfold) desplegarse; (widen) ensan
charse. 2 (butter, etc) extenderse. 3
(news, ideas, etc) difundirse, divulgar
se; (rumour) correr; (disease, fire) propa
garse. 4 (in time) extenderse.
pt & pp spread.
spreadsheet [spredSit] n hoja de cl
culo.
spring [sprIN] n 1 (season) primavera. 2
(of water) manantial m, fuente f. 3 (of
mattress, seat) muelle m; (of watch, lock,
etc) resorte m; (of car) ballesta. 4 (elastic-
ity) elasticidad f; (active, healthy quality)
energa, bro. 5 (leap, jump) salto,
brinco. c o m p spring onion cebolleta.
P vi 1 (jump) saltar. 2 (appear) aparecer
(de repente),
P vt 1 (operate mechanism) accionar. 2 fig
(news, surprise) espetar (on, a), soltar. 3
fam (help escape, set free) soltar.
pt sprang [sprQN], pp sprung [sprN].
springboard [sprINbd] n trampoln m.
sprinkle [sprINkl] vt 1 (with water) ro
ciar (with, de/con), salpicar ( with,
de/con). 2 (with flour, sugar, etc) espol
vorear (with, de/con). 3 fig salpicar
(with, de/con).
sprint [sprInt] (dash) carrera corta.
P vi (dash) correr a toda velocidad. S
sprocket [sprkIt] n tech diente m de
engranaje. c o m p sprocket wheel rueda
dentada.
sprout [spraUt] n bot (shoot) brote m,
retoo. c o m p (Brussels) sprouts coles
fpl de Bruselas.
P vi brotar, salir.
P vt (leaves, shoots) echar; (beard, etc) salir.
sprung [sprN] pp spring.
spud [spd] n fam patata.
spun [spn] pt & pp spin.
spur
spur [sp ] n 1 (horse rider's) espuela. 2
r
zool (of cock) espoln m.
P vt 1 (horse) espolear. 2 fig (stimulate)
estimular, incitar.
pt & pp spurred, ger spurring.
spy [spaI] n (gen) espa mf.
pl spies.
P vi espiar (on, a).
pt & pp spied, ger spying.
spyhole [spaIhUl] n mirilla.
squabble [skwbl] n ria, pelea.
P vi reir, pelearse (over, por) (about,
sobre).
squad [skwd] n 1 mil pelotn m. 2 (of
police) brigada. 3 sp (team) equipo; (na-
tional) seleccin f.
squadron [skwdrn] n (of soldiers) es squeezer [skwizr] n exprimidor m.
cuadrn m; (of planes) escuadrilla; (of
ships) escuadra.
square [skwer] n 1 (shape) cuadrado;
(on fabric) cuadro; (on chessboard, graph
paper, crossword) casilla. 2 (in town) pla
za; (block of houses) manzana. 3 math
cuadrado. 4 (tool) escuadra.
P adj 1 (in shape) cuadrado,-a; (forming
right angle) en ngulo recto, a escuadra.
2 math cuadrado,-a. 3 fam (fair) justo,
-a, equitativo,-a; (honest) honesto,-a,
franco,-a. 4 (equal in points) igual,
empatado,-a; (not owing money) en paz.
c o m p square metre metro cuadrado. y
square root raz f cuadrada.
P adv directamente.
squared [skwed] adj (paper) cuadri
culado,-a.
squash1 [skwS] n 1 (drink) concentra
do de frutas. 2 sp squash m.
P vt 1 (crush, flatten) aplastar, chafar. 2
(squeeze) apretar, apiar.
P vi 1 (crush, flatten) aplastarse, chafar
se. 2 (squeeze) apretujarse.
squash2 [skwS] n bot calabaza.
squat [skwt] adj (person) rechoncho,
-a y bajo,-a, achaparrado,-a; (build-
ing) achaparrado,-a.
comp squatter, superl squattest.
P vi 1 (crouch) agacharse, ponerse en
cuclillas. 2 (in building) ocupar ilegal
mente.
pt & pp squatted, ger squatting.
358
squatter [skwtr] n ocupante mf ile
gal, okupa mf.
squeak [skwik] n (of mouse) chillido; (of
wheel, hinge, etc) chirrido, rechina
miento; (of shoes) crujido.
P vi (mouse) chillar; (wheel, hinge, etc)
chirriar, rechinar; (shoes) chirriar.
squeal [skwil] n (of animal, person) chi
llido, grito; (of tyres, brakes) chirrido.
P vi 1 (animal, person) chillar; (tyres,
brakes) chirriar. 2 fam (inform on) can
tar, chivarse.
P vt (say) decir chillando, gritar.
squeeze [skwiz] vt 1 (gen) apretar; (lemon,
orange) exprimir. 2 (fit in) meter. 3 (force
out) extraer, sacar.
squid [skwId] n (gen) calamar m; (small)
chipirn m.
pl squid o squids.
squint [skwInt] n 1 med bizquera, es
trabismo. 2 fam (quick look) vistazo,
ojeada, miradita.
P vi 1 med bizquear, ser bizco,-a. 2 (in
sunlight) entrecerrar los ojos.
squire [skwaIr] n 1 hist (knight's armour-
carrier) escudero. 2 gb fam jefe m.
squirrel [skwIrl] n ardilla.
Sri Lanka [srilQNgk] n Sri Lanka.
stab [stQb] n 1 (with knife) pualada,
navajazo. 2 (of pain) punzada.
P vt (with knife) apualar, acuchillar.
pt & pp stabbed, ger stabbing.
stability [stbIlItI] n estabilidad f.
stabilizer [steIblaIzr] n 1 (on plane,
ship, bicycle) estabilizador m. 2 (in food)
estabilizante m.
stable1 [steIbl] adj 1 estable.
comp stabler, comp stablest.
stable2 [steIbl] n (for horses) cuadra;
(for other animals) establo.
stack [stQk] n 1 (pile, heap) montn m.
2 (of grass, grain, etc) almiar m. 3 (chim-
ney) can de chimenea.
P vt 1 (pile up) apilar, amontonar; (fill)
llenar. 2 fam (in cards) arreglar.
P n pl stacks fam montn m, monto
nes mpl.
P n pl stacks (in library) estanteras fpl.

stadium [steIdIm] n estadio.
pl stadiums o stadia [steIdI].
staff [stAf] n 1 (personnel - gen) perso
nal m, plantilla; (- teachers) profesora
do. 2 mil estado mayor. 3 (stick) bas
tn m; (of shepherd) cayado; (of bishop)
bculo; (flagpole) asta. 4 [n staves
[steIdI] mus pentagrama m.
stag [stQg] n zool ciervo, venado.
stage [steIdZ] n 1 (point, period) etapa,
fase f. 2 (of journey, race) etapa; (day's
journey) jornada. 3 (in theatre) escena
rio, escena; (raised platform) platafor
ma, tablado, estrado. 4 fig (scene of
action) escena. 5 (of rocket) fase f. 6 fam
(stagecoach) diligencia. l o c by stages /
in stages por etapas.
P vt 1 theat poner en escena, mon
tar. 2 (hold, carry out) llevar a cabo,
efectuar; (arrange) organizar, montar.
P n the stage (the theatre) el teatro, las
tablas fpl.
stagecoach [steIdZkUtS] n diligen
cia.
stagger [stQg r] vi (walk unsteadily)
tambalearse.
P vt 1 (hours, work) escalonar. 2 (amaze)
asombrar, pasmar.
P n (unsteady walk) tambaleo.
stagnation [stQgneISn] n (of water)
estancamiento; (person) anquilosa
miento.
stain [steIn] n 1 (gen) mancha. 2 (dye)
tinte m, tintura.
P vt 1 (gen) manchar. 2 (dye) teir. c o m p
stain remover quitamanchas m.
P vi mancharse.
stainless [steInls] adj (spotless) sin
mancha. c o m p stainless steel acero
inoxidable.
stair [ster] n 1 (single step) escaln m,
peldao. 2 lit escalera.
P n pl stairs escalera f sing.
staircase [stekeIs] n escalera.
stairway [steweI] n escalera.
stake [steIk] n 1 (bet) apuesta. 2 (invest-
ment, share) inters m, participacin f.
P vt 1 (bet) apostar, jugar(se); (risk)
arriesgar, jugarse. 2 (give financial sup-
port to) invertir en.
359 stand
stale [steIl] adj 1 (food - gen) no fresco,
-a, pasado,-a; (- bread, cake) duro,-a;
(tobacco) rancio,-a; (wine, beer) picado,
-a. 2 (air) viciado,-a; (smell) a cerrado.
3 (news) viejo,-a, pasado,-a; (joke)
trillado,-a.
stalemate [steIlmeIt] n 1 (chess) tablas
fpl. 2 fig punto muerto, impasse m.
stalk [stk] n 1 bot (of plant) tallo; (of
fruit) rabo, rabillo; (of cabbage) tron
cho. 2 zool pednculo.
stall2 [stl] n 1 (in market) puesto, ten
derete m; (at fair) caseta, barraca. 2 (for
animal - stable) establo; (- stable compart-
ment) compartimiento (en un esta
blo). 3 (row of seats) sillera. 4 (small
room, compartment) compartimiento.
P vi auto calarse, pararse.
P n pl stalls (in theatre) platea f sing.
stallion [stQlIn] n semental m.
stamen [steImn] n bot estambre m.
stamina [stQmIn] n (endurance) resis
tencia, aguante m.
stammer [stQmr] n tartamudeo.
P vi tartamudear.
P vt (say with a stammer) decir tartamu
deando, farfullar.
stamp [stQmp] n 1 (postage) sello; (fiscal)
timbre m; (trading stamp) cupn m, vale
m. 2 (tool - gen) sello; (- rubber) sello de
goma, tampn m; (- metal) cuo, tro
quel m. 3 (seal, mark) sello. 4 (with foot -
act) patada, pisotn m; (- sound) paso.
c o m p stamp collecting filatelia.
P vt 1 (letter) franquear. 2 (passport, doc-
ument) sellar, marcar con sello; (metal,
coin) acuar, troquelar.
, Stamp no significa 'estampa', que se
S
traduce por picture.
stand [stQnd] n 1 (position) lugar m, si
tio; (attitude, opinion) posicin f, postu
ra; (defence, resistance) resistencia. 2 (of
lamp, sculpture, etc) pie m, pedestal m,
base f. 3 (stall - in market) puesto, ten
derete m; (- at exhibition) stand m; (- at
fair) caseta, barraca. 4 (for taxis) para
da. 5 sp (in stadium) tribuna. 6 us (wit-
ness box) estrado.
standard
P vi 1 (person - be on one's feet) estar de
pie, estar; (- get up) ponerse de pie,
levantarse; (- remain on one's feet) que
darse de pie; (- take up position) poner
se. 2 (measure - height) medir; (- value,
level) marcar, alcanzar. 3 (thing - be situ-
ated) estar, encontrarse.
P vt 1 (place) poner, colocar. 2 fam (bear,
tolerate) aguantar, soportar. 3 fam (invite)
invitar: I'll stand you a drink te invitar a
una copa. l o c not to stand a chance no
tener ni la ms remota posibilidad.
y to stand clear (of sth) apartarse (de al
go). y to stand in the way of impedir,
obstaculizar, poner trabas a. y to
stand to reason ser lgico,-a. y to stand
trial ser procesado,-a.
a to stand back vi (move back) apartar
se, echarse hacia atrs, alejarse; (be
objective) distanciarse (from, de).
a to stand by vi 1 (do nothing) cruzarse
de brazos, quedarse sin hacer nada.
2 (be ready for action - gen) estar
preparado,-a, estar listo,-a; (- troops)
estar en estado de alerta.
P vt insep 1 (not desert) no abandonar, res
paldar, apoyar, defender. 2 (keep to - deci-
sion) atenerse a; (- promise) cumplir.
a to stand for vt insep 1 (mean) signifi
car, querer decir; (represent) represen
tar. 2 (support, be in favour of) defender,
apoyar, ser partidario,-a de. 3 (tolerate)
tolerar, permitir, consentir.
a to stand in for vt insep (substitute, depu-
tize) sustituir, suplir.
a to stand up vi 1 (get up) ponerse de
pie, levantarse; (be standing) estar de
pie. 2 (withstand) resistir (to, -), sopor
tar (to, -).
P vt sep 1 (place upright) poner en posi
cin vertical. 2 fam (fail to keep appoint-
ment) dejar plantado,-a a, dar un
plantn a.
a to stand up for vt insep (defend) defen
der; (support) apoyar.
pt & pp stood [stUd].
standard [stQndd] n 1 (level, degree) ni
vel m; (quality) cualidad f. 2 (criterion,
yardstick) criterio, valor m. 3 (norm, rule)
norma, regla, estndar m. 4 (flag) es
tandarte m, bandera; (of ship) pabelln
360
m. 5 (official measure) patrn m. c o m p
standard of living nivel m de vida.
P adj normal, estndar.
P n pl standards (moral principles) princi
pios mpl, valores mpl.
standardize [stQnddaIz] vt normali
zar, estandarizar.
standby [stQndbaI] n 1 (person) su
plente mf, sustituto,-a, reserva mf. 2
(thing) recurso.
stank [stQNk] pt stink.
stanza [stQnz] n estrofa.
staple1 [steIpl] adj 1 (food, ingredient)
bsico,-a; (product, export) principal. 2
(usual) tpico,-a, de siempre.
P n (main food) alimento bsico; (main
product) producto principal; (main thing)
elemento principal.
staple2 [steIpl] n (fastener) grapa.
P vt grapar.
stapler [steIplr] n grapadora.
star [stAr] n (gen) estrella; (person) es
trella, astro. c o m p Stars and Stripes la
bandera de los Estados Unidos.
P vi cinem protagonizar (in, -).
pt & pp starred, ger starring.
" La bandera de Estados Unidos se conoce
como Stars and Stripes (barras y estre
llas) porque est compuesta por 13 barras
horizontales rojas y lleva en una esquina 50
estrellas blancas sobre un fondo azul.
starboard [stAbd] n mar estribor m.
starch [stAtS] n (for laundry, in rice) almi
dn m; (in potatoes) fcula.
P vt (laundry) almidonar.
stare [ster] n mirada fija.
P vi mirar fijamente (at, -), clavar la
vista (at, en).
starfish [stAfIS] n estrella de mar.
starlet [stAlt] n aspirante f a estrella.
starling [stAlIN] n estornino.
start [stAt] n 1 (gen) principio, co
mienzo, inicio. 2 sp (of race) salida;
(advantage) ventaja. 3 (fright, jump) sus
to, sobresalto.
P vt 1 (begin - gen) empezar, comenzar,
iniciar; (- conversation) entablar. 2 (cause
to begin - fire, epidemic) provocar; (- argu-
 361
ment, fight, war, etc) empezar, iniciar. 3
(set up - business) montar, poner; (- or-
ganization) fundar, establecer, crear. 4
(set in motion - machine) poner en marcha;
(- vehicle) arrancar, poner en marcha.
P vi 1 (begin) empezar, comenzar. 2
(be set up - business) ser fundado,-a,
fundarse, crearse. 3 (begin to operate)
ponerse en marcha; (car) arrancar.
a to start off vi 1 (begin) empezar, co
menzar. 2 (leave) salir, ponerse en
camino.
P vt sep empezar, ayudar a empezar.
a to start up vt sep (car) arrancar; (en-
gine) poner en marcha; (business)
montar, poner en marcha; (conversa-
tion) entablar.
starter [stAtr] n 1 sp (official) juez mf
de salida. 2 sp (competitor) competi
dor,-ra, participante mf. 3 auto mo
tor m de arranque. 4 culin fam pri
mer plato, entrante m.
startle [stAtl] vt asustar, sobresaltar:
you startled me! me has asustado!
starvation [stAveISn] n hambre f,
inanicin f.
starve [stAv] vi (feel hungry) pasar
hambre; (die) morirse de hambre.
P vt 1 (deprive of food) privar de comida
a, hacer pasar hambre a. 2 fig privar
(of, de).
starving [stavIN] adj muerto,-a de
hambre, famlico,-a.
state [steIt] n 1 (condition) estado. 2 pol
(government) estado. 3 (country, division of
country) estado. 4 (ceremony, pomp) cere
monia, pompa, solemnidad f.
P adj pol estatal, del estado.
P vt 1 (say, declare, express) exponer, de
clarar, afirmar. 2 (specify) fijar.
stated [steItId] adj (specified) indica
do,-a, sealado,-a.
statement [steItmnt] n 1 (gen) decla
racin f, afirmacin f; (official) comu
nicado. 2 fin estado de cuentas, ex
tracto de cuenta. c o m p to make a
statement jur prestar declaracin.
statesman [steItsmn] n estadista m,
hombre m de estado.
pl statesmen [steItsmn].
steadily
static [stQtIk] adj 1 tech esttico,-a. 2
(not moving, not changing) estaciona
rio,-a. c o m p static electricity electrici
dad f esttica.
P n (interference) interferencias fpl, pa
rsitos mpl.
P n statics phys esttica.
station [steISn] n 1 (railway) estacin f
(de ferrocarril); (underground) estacin
f de metro; (bus, coach) estacin f, ter
minal f. 2 (radio) emisora, estacin f,
radio f; (TV) canal m. 3 agr granja. 4
(social rank) condicin f social, posi
cin f social.
stationary [steISnrI] adj estaciona
rio,-a.
stationer [steISnr] n dueo,-a de
una papelera. c o m p stationer's (shop)
papelera.
stationery [steISnrI] n (paper) papel
m de escribir; (pen, ink, etc) artculos
mpl de escritorio.
statistics [sttIstIks] n (science) esta
dstica.
P n pl (data) estadsticas fpl.
statue [stQtjU] n estatua.
statuette [stQtjUet] n estatuilla.
stature [stQtSr] n 1 (height) estatura,
talla. 2 fig (standing) talla.
statute [stQtjUt] n estatuto.
staves [steIvz] n pl staff.
stay1 [steI] n 1 (prop, support) sostn m, so
porte m, puntal m. 2 (in corset) ballena.
stay2 [steI] n (time) estancia, perma
nencia.
P vi(remain) quedarse, permanecer.
S
P vt (continue to be) seguir.
P vi (reside temporarily) alojarse, hospe
darse.
P vt fml (stop) detener; (delay) aplazar,
suspender; (calm) calmar.
a to stay in vi quedarse en casa, no
salir.
steadily [stedIlI] adv 1 (grow, improve,
rise) constantemente, a un ritmo
constante; (rain, work) sin parar. 2
(gaze, stare) fijamente; (walk) con paso
seguro, decididamente; (speak) fir
memente.
 steady
steady [stedI] adj 1 (table, ladder, etc) fir
me, seguro,-a; (gaze) fijo,-a; (voice)
tranquilo,-a, firme. 2 (regular, constant -
heartbeat, pace) regular; (- demand, speed,
improvement, decline, increase) constante;
(- flow, rain) continuo,-a; (rhythm) regular,
constante; (- prices, currency) estable. 3
(regular - job) f i j o , - a , e s t a b l e ;
(- income) regular, fijo,-a. 4 (student) apli
cado,-a; (worker, person) serio,-a, formal.
comp steadier, superl steadiest.
P interj cuidado!, ojo!
P n (boyfriend) novio; (girlfriend) novia.
P vt 1 (hold firm - ladder, table, etc) sujetar,
sostener; (stabilize) estabilizar. 2 (per-
son, nerves) calmar, tranquilizar.
pt & pp steadied, ger steadying.
steak [steIk] n 1 (of beef) bistec m, filete
m; (of salmon) rodaja. 2 (meat for stewing)
carne f de vaca para estofar.
steal [stil] vt robar, hurtar.
P vi 1 (rob) robar, hurtar. 2 (move quietly,
creep) moverse con sigilo.
pt stole [stUl], pp stolen ['stUln].
steam [stim] n vapor m. c o m p steam
engine 1 (locomotive) locomotora de
vapor, mquina de vapor. 2 (engine)
motor m de vapor. y steam iron plan
cha de vapor.
P vt culin (vegetables) cocer al vapor.
P vi (boat) echar vapor; (soup, drink, etc)
humear.
steamboat [stimbUt] n vapor m.
steamer [stimr] n 1 mar vapor m, bu
que m de vapor. 2 culin olla a vapor.
steamship [stimSIp] n vapor m, bu
que m de vapor m.
steel [stil] n (gen) acero.
P adj (knife, girder, etc) de acero. c o m p
steel industry industria del acero y
steel mill acerera, acera. y steel wool
estropajo de acero.
steelworks [stilwks] n pl acera,
acerera.
steep1 [stip] vt (soak - washing) remojar;
(- dried food) poner en remojo; (- fruit)
macerar.
P vi (fruit) macerarse.
steep2 [stip] adj 1 (hill, slope, stairs)
empinado,-a; (rise, drop) abrupto,-a,
362
brusco,-a. 2 fam (price, fee) excesivo,-a;
(demand) excesivo,-a, poco razonable.
steeple [stipl] n aguja, chapitel m.
steeplechase [stiplSeIs] n carrera de
obstculos.
steer1 [stIr] n buey m.
steer2 [stIr] vt (gen) dirigir, guiar; (vehi-
cle) conducir, dirigir; (ship) gobernar;
(conversation) llevar.
P vi (vehicle) ir al volante; (ship) llevar el
timn, estar al timn.
steering [stIrIN] n direccin f. c o m p
steering column columna de (la) di
reccin. y steering lock 1 (device) segu
ro antirrobo. 2 (when turning) radio de
giro. y steering wheel volante m.
stem [stem] n 1 bot (of plant, flower) ta
llo; (of leaf) pecolo; (of fruit) pedncu
lo. 2 (of glass) pie m; (of tobacco pipe) bo
quilla, caa. 3 ling raz f, radical m.
P vt (stop - gen) frenar, detener, parar;
(- bleeding) contener, parar.
pt & pp stemmed, ger stemming.
stench [stentS] n hedor m, peste f, feti
dez f.
stencil [stensl] n 1 (template) plantilla;
(design, pattern) estarcido. 2 (for typewrit-
er) clich m, matriz f.
stenography [stngrfI] n us taqui
grafa.
step [step] n 1 (gen) paso. 2 (measure)
medida; (formality) gestin f, trmite
m. 3 (stair) escaln m, peldao; (of vehi-
cle) estribo.
P vi 1 (move, walk) dar un paso, andar.
2 (tread) pisar.
P n pl steps gb (stepladder) escalera de
tijera. (outdoor) escalinata; (indoor) es
calera; (of plane) escalerilla.
pt & pp stepped, ger stepping.
stepbrother [stepbrD r] n herma
nastro.
stepchild [steptSaIld] n hijastro,-a.
pl stepchildren [steptSIldrn].
stepdaughter [stepdtr] n hijastra.
stepfather [stepfADr] n padrastro.
stepladder [steplQdr] n escalera de
tijera.
stepmother [stepmDr] n madrastra.

steppe [step] n geog estepa.
stepsister [stepsIStr] n hermanastra.
stepson [stepsn] n hijastro.
stereo [sterIU] n estreo.
stereotype [sterItaIp] n estereotipo.
P vt estereotipar.
sterile [straIl] adj 1 (barren) estril. 2
(germfree) esterilizado,-a.
sterility [strIlItI] n esterilidad f.
sterilize [sterlaIz] vt esterilizar.
sterling [stlIN] n fin libra esterlina,
libras fpl esterlinas. l o c the pound
sterling la libra esterlina.
stern1 [stn] adj severo,-a, austero,-a.
stern2 [stn] n mar popa.
sternum [stnm] n anat esternn m.
pl sternums o sterna [stn].
steroid [sterId] n esteroide m.
stethoscope [steTskUp] n estetos
copio.
stew [stjU] n culin estofado, guisado.
P vt (meat) estofar, guisar; (fruit) hacer
una compota de.
steward [stjUd] n 1 (on ship) camarero;
(on plane) auxiliar m de vuelo. 2 (manager
of estate) administrador m. 3 (of club, hotel)
mayordomo. 4 gb (in horse racing) comi
sario de carreras; (in athletics) juez m; (at
demonstration, etc) oficial mf.
stewardess [stjUdes] n (on ship) ca
marera; (on plane) azafata, auxiliar f
de vuelo.
pl stewardesses.
stick1 [stIk] vt 1 (insert pointed object) cla
var, hincar. 2 fam poner, meter. 3 (fix)
colocar, fijar; (with glue) pegar, fijar. 4
fam (bear) aguantar, soportar.
P vi 1 (penetrate) clavarse. 2 (fix, become
attached) pegarse. 3 (jam - drawer, key in
lock) atascarse; (- machine part, lock)
atrancarse, encasquillarse; (- vehicle in
mud) atascarse. 4 (in cards) plantarse.
a to stick out vi 1 (project, protrude) salir,
sobresalir; (be noticeable) resaltar, des
tacarse. 2 fam (be obvious) ser obvio,-a,
ser evidente.
P vt sep 1 (tongue, hand) sacar. 2 (endure)
aguantar.
pt & pp stuck [stk].
363 stimulation
stick 2
[stIk] n 1 (piece of wood) trozo de
madera, palo; (twig) ramita; (for punish-
ment) palo, vara. 2 (for walking) bastn
m. 3 (for plants) rodrign m, tutor m. 4
mus (baton) batuta; (drumstick) palillo. 5
sp (for hockey) palo.
sticker [stIkr] n 1 (label) etiqueta ad
hesiva; (with slogan, picture) pegatina. 2
(person) persona tenaz.
sticking [stIkIN] comp sticking plaster
(small) tirita; (on roll) esparadrapo.
sticky [stIkI] adj pegajoso,-a. c o m p
sticky tape cinta adhesiva.
comp stickier, comp stickiest.
stiff [stIf] adj 1 (hair, fabric) rgido,-a, tie
so,-a; (card, collar, brush, lock) duro,-a. 2
(joint) entumecido,-a; (muscle) agarro
tado,-a. 3 (door, window) difcil de abrir,
difcil de cerrar. 4 (not liquid) espeso,-a,
consistente. 5 (person, manner) estira
do,-a, tieso,-a; (smile) forzado,-a. 6 fig
(climb, test, etc) difcil, duro,-a; (breeze)
fuerte; (sentence, punishment) severo,-a.
7 fam (price, fee) excesivo,-a. 8 fam
(drink) fuerte, cargado,-a. l o c to be
stiff tener agujetas.
stifle [staIfl] vt ahogar, sofocar.
still [stIl] adj 1 (not moving) quieto,-a, in
mvil; (stationary) parado,-a; (water)
manso,-a; (air) en calma. 2 (tranquil,
calm) tranquilo,-a; (peaceful) sosegado,-
a; (subdued) callado,-a, apagado,
-a; (silent) silencioso,-a. 3 (not fizzy - wa-
ter) sin gas; (soft drink) sin burbujas.
P adv 1 (so far) todava, an. 2 (even)
an, todava. 3 (even so, nevertheless) a
pesar de todo, con todo, no obstan
te, sin embargo. 4 fml (besides, yet, in
addition) an, todava. 5 (quiet, without S
moving) quieto,-a. c o m p still life art na
turaleza muerta m.
stilt [stIlt] n zanco.
stilted [stIltId] adj afectado,-a.
stimulant [stImjUlnt] n estimulante m.
stimulate [stImjleIt] vt (activate) esti
mular; (encourage) animar, alentar.
stimulating [stImjleItIN] adj (gen) es
timulante; (inspiring) inspirador,-ra.
stimulation [stImjleISn] n (stimulus)
estmulo; (action) estimulacin f.
 stimulus
stimulus [stImjls] n estmulo.
pl stimuli [stImjli].
sting [stIN] n 1 (organ - of bee, wasp) aguijn
m; (- of scorpion) ua; (- of plant) pelo urti
cante. 2 (action, wound) picadura. 3 (pain)
escozor m, picazn f. 4 fig (of remorse)
punzada. 5 us (trick) timo, golpe m.
P vt 1 (gen) picar. 2 fig (remark) herir en
lo ms hondo; (conscience) remorder. 3
(provoke) incitar, provocar (into/to, a).
4 (overcharge, swindle) clavar.
P vi 1 (insects, nettles, etc) picar; (substance)
escocer. 2 (be painful) escocer.
pt & pp stung [stN].
stink [stINk] n 1 (smell) peste f, hedor m,
hediondez f, fetidez f. 2 fam (fuss, trou-
ble) escndalo, lo, folln m.
P vi 1 apestar (of, a), heder (of, a). 2
fam (seem bad or dishonest) dar asco.
pt stank [stQNk] o stunk [stNk], pp
stunk [stNk].
stinking [stINkIN] adj apestoso,-a.
stipulate [stIpjleIt] vt estipular, es
pecificar.
stipulation [stIpjleISn] n estipula
cin f, condicin f.
stir [str] vt 1 (liquid, mixture) remover,
revolver. 2 (move slightly) mover, agitar.
3 (curiosity, interest, etc) despertar, excitar;
(anger) provocar; (imagination) avivar, es
timular; (emotions) conmover.
P vi 1 (move) moverse, agitarse; (wake
up) despertarse; (get up) levantarse. 2
(feelings) despertarse. 3 fam (cause trou-
ble) armar lo, meter cizaa.
pt & pp stirred, ger stirring.
stirring [strIN] adj (moving) conmove
dor,-ra; (rousing, exciting) emocionante.
stirrup [stIrp] n 1 (for riding) estribo. 2
(on trousers) trabilla. c o m p stirrup pump
bomba de mano.
stitch [stItS] n 1 (in sewing) puntada; (in
knitting) punto. 2 med punto (de sutu
ra). 3 (sharp pain) punzada; (when run-
ning, etc) flato.
P vt 1 sew coser (on, a), (up, -). 2 med
suturar (up, -).
P vi sew coser.
stoat [stUt] n armio.
364
stock [stk] n 1 (supply) reserva. 2 comm
(goods) existencias fpl, stock m; (variety)
surtido. 3 fin (company's capital) capital
m social. 4 agr (livestock) ganado. 5
culin (broth) caldo. l o c in stock en exis
tencia. y out of stock agotado,-a. c o m p
stock exchange bolsa. y stock market
mercado burstil.
P vt comm (keep supplies of) tener en
stock; (sell) vender.
P n pl stocks fin (shares) acciones fpl,
valores mpl.
stockbroker [stkbrUk r] n corre
dor,-ra de bolsa, agente mf de bolsa,
bolsista mf.
stockholder [stkhUldr] n us accio
nista mf.
stocking [stkIN] n media.
stoic [stUIk] n estoico,-a.
stoical [stUIkl] adj estoico,-a.
stoicism [stUIsIzm] n estoicismo.
stole1 [stUl] pt steal.
stole2 [stUl] n (garment) estola.
stolen [stUln] pp steal.
stomach [stmk] n 1 anat estmago.
2 fam (belly) barriga; (abdomen) abdo
men m, vientre m.
P vt fig (bear, endure) aguantar, sopor
tar, tragar; (eat, drink) tolerar.
stomachache [stmkeIk] n dolor m
de estmago.
stoma [stUm] n estoma m.
pl stomas o stomata [stUmt].
stomp [stmp] vi fam pisar fuerte.
stone [stUn] n 1 (gen) piedra. 2 (on
grave) lpida. 3 (of fruit) hueso. 4 med
clculo, piedra. 5 gb (measure of weight)
unidad de peso que equivale a 6,348 kg.
P adj de piedra, ptreo,-a. c o m p Stone
Age Edad f de Piedra.
P vt 1 (person) apedrear, lapidar. 2 (fruit)
deshuesar.
stoneware [stUnwer] n gres m, cer
mica de gres.
stonework [stUnwk] n mampostera.
stood [stUd] pt & pp stand.
stooge [stUdZ] n 1 theat comparsa mf.
2 pej (person) ttere mf, pelele mf.

stool [stUl] n 1 (seat) taburete m, banque
ta. 2 med (faeces) deposicin f, heces fpl.
stoop1 [stUp] n us (porch) entrada.
stoop2 [stUp] n (of person) encorva
miento, encorvadura; (of shoulders) es
paldas fpl encorvadas.
P vi 1 (bend) inclinarse (down, -), aga
charse (down, -). 2 (have a stoop) andar
encorvado,-a.
stop [stp] n 1 (halt) parada, alto. 2
(stopping place) parada. 3 (on journey) pa
rada; (break, rest) descanso, pausa. 4
(punctuation mark) punto; (in telegram)
stop m. 5 mus (on organ) registro; (knob)
botn m de registro; (on wind instru-
ment) llave f. 6 (in camera) diafragma m.
P vt 1 (halt - vehicle, person) parar, dete
ner; (- machine, ball) parar. 2 (end, interrupt
- production) parar; (- inflation, advance) pa
rar, contener; (- conversation, play) inte
rrumpir; (- pain, etc) poner fin a, acabar
con. 3 (pay, match, holidays) suspender;
(cheque) cancelar; (money from wages) re
tener. 4 (cease) dejar de, parar de. 5
(prevent) impedir, evitar. 6 (block - hole)
tapar, taponar (up, -); (- gap) rellenar
(up, -); (- tooth) empastar (up, -). 7 mus
(string, key) apretar; (hole) cubrir.
P vi 1 (halt) parar, pararse, detener,
detenerse. 2 (cease) acabarse, termi
nar, cesar. 3 gb fam (stay) quedarse.
a to stop over vi 1 (interrupt journey) pa
rar; (overnight) pasar la noche, hacer
noche. 2 (on flight) hacer escala.
pt & pp stopped, ger stopping.
stopcock [stpkk] n llave f de paso.
stopover [stpUvr] n (stop) parada;
(on flight) escala; (stay) estancia.
stopper [stpr] n tapn m.
stopping [stpIN] adj gb (of train) que
para en todas las estaciones.
stop-press [stppres] adj (news) de l
tima hora.
stopwatch [stpwtS] n cronmetro.
pl stopwatches.
storage [strIdZ] n 1 (act) almacenaje
m, almacenamiento. 2 (place) alma
cn m, depsito, guardamuebles m.
3 (cost) (gastos mpl de) almacenaje m. 4
comput almacenamiento.
365 stout
store [st ] n 1 (supply - gen) reserva,
r
provisin f; (- of wisdom, knowledge) reser
va; (- of jokes, etc) coleccin f. 2 (warehouse)
almacn m, depsito. 3 us (shop) tienda.
P vt 1 (put away) almacenar ( up , -);
(keep) guardar; (amass) acumular, ha
cer acopio de. 2 comput almacenar. 3
(put in storage) guardar, almacenar,
mandar a un depsito. 4 fig (trouble,
etc) ir acumulando (up, -), ir almace
nando (up, -). 5 (fill with supplies) abas
tecer (with, de).
P n pl stores (provisions) provisiones fpl,
vveres mpl. mil (supplies, equipment) per
trechos mpl; (place) intendencia f sing.
storehouse [sthaUs] n almacn m,
depsito.
storekeeper [stkipr] n us tendero,-a.
storeroom [strUm] n (gen) almacn
m, depsito; (for food) despensa.
storey [strI] n piso, planta.
stork [stk] n cigea.
storm [stm] n 1 (thunderstorm) tor
menta; (at sea) tempestad f, temporal
m; (with wind) borrasca. 2 fig (uproar) re
vuelo, escndalo; (of missiles, insults)
lluvia, torrente m.
stormy [stmI] adj 1 (weather) tormen
toso,-a. 2 fig (meeting, discussion) acalo
rado,-a; (relationship) tormentoso,-a,
con muchos altibajos.
comp stormier, superl stormiest.
story1 [strI] n us storey.
story2 [strI] n 1 (gen) historia; (tale)
cuento, relato; (account) relato. 2 (anec-
dote) ancdota; (joke) chiste m. 3 (rumour)
rumor m; (lie) mentira, cuento. 4 (news-
paper article) artculo; (newsworthy item) ar S
tculo de inters periodstico. 5 (story-
line, narrative, plot) argumento, trama.
pl stories.
storybook [strIbUk] n libro de cuen
tos.
storyteller [strItelr] n cuentista mf.
stout [staUt] adj 1 euph (fat) corpulen
to,-a, robusto,-a. 2 (strong) slido,-a,
fuerte. 3 (determined, resolute) firme,
resuelto,-a, tenaz; (brave) valiente.
P n (beer) cerveza negra.
 stove
stove [stUv] n 1 (for heating) estufa. 2
(cooker) cocina; (cooking ring) hornillo;
(oven) horno.
straight [streIt] adj 1 (not curved - gen)
recto,-a; (- hair) liso,-a. 2 (level, upright)
derecho,-a, recto,-a. 3 (tidy, neat) en
orden. 4 (honest - person) honrado,-a,
de confianza; (sincere) sincero,-a. 5 (di-
rect - question) directo,-a; (- refusal, rejec-
tion) categrico,-a, rotundo,-a. 6 (cor-
rect, accurate) correcto,-a. 7 (consecutive)
seguido,-a. 8 (drink) solo,-a.
P adv 1 (in a straight line) recto,-a. 2 (not in
a curve) derecho,-a, recto,-a. 3 (directly)
directamente. 4 (immediately) en segui
da. 5 (frankly) francamente, con fran
queza. 6 (clearly) claro, con claridad:
l o c straight away en seguida. y straight
off en el acto. y straight up en serio. y
to go straight (criminal) reformarse.
straightaway [streItweI] adv en se
guida, inmediatamente.
straighten [streItn] vt 1 (wire) endere
zar; (- tie, skirt, picture) poner bien, po
ner recto,-a; (- hair) estirar, alisar. 2
(tidy) ordenar (up, -), arreglar (up, -).
P vi (road) hacerse recto,-a.
straightforward [streItfwd] adj 1
(honest) honrado,-a; (sincere, open)
sincero,-a, franco,-a, abierto,-a. 2 (sim-
ple, easy) sencillo,-a, simple; (clear)
claro,-a.
strain1 [streIn] n 1 (race, breed) raza; (de-
scent) linaje m; (of plant, virus) cepa. 2
(streak) vena.
strain2 [streIn] n 1 phys (tension) tensin
f; (pressure) presin f; (weight) peso. 2
(stress, pressure) tensin f, estrs m; (ef-
fort) esfuerzo; (exhaustion) agotamien
to. 3 (tension) tirantez f, tensin f. 4
med torcedura, esguince m.
P vt 1 (stretch) estirar, tensar. 2 (damage,
weaken - muscle) torcer(se), hacerse un
esguince en; (- back) hacerse dao en;
(- voice, eyes) forzar; (ears) aguzar; (- heart)
cansar. 3 (stretch - patience, nerves, credulity)
poner a prueba; (- resources) estirar al
mximo; (- relations) someter a dema
siada tensin, crear tirantez en. 4 (filter
- liquid) colar; (- vegetables, rice) escurrir.
366
strainer [streInr] n colador m.
strait [streIt] n geog estrecho.
P n pl straits (difficulties) aprietos mpl,
apuros mpl.
straitjacket [streItdZQkIt] n 1 camisa
de fuerza. 2 fig control m, limitacio
nes fpl.
strand1 [strQnd] n lit (beach) playa.
strand2 [strQnd] n 1 (of thread) hebra,
hilo; (of rope, string) ramal m; (of hair) pe
lo; (of pearls) sarta. 2 fig (of story, argu-
ment) hilo, lnea.
strange [streIndZ] adj 1 (odd, bizarre)
extrao,-a, raro,-a. 2 (unknown) des
conocido,-a; (unfamiliar) nuevo,-a.
c o m p strange to say aunque parezca
mentira.
strangely [streIndZlI] adv extraa
mente.
stranger [streIndZr] n (unknown person)
extrao,-a, desconocido,-a; (outsider)
forastero,-a.
, Stranger no significa 'extranjero', que
se traduce por foreigner.
strangle [strQNgl] vt 1 (kill) estrangu
lar. 2 fig (stifle) sofocar, ahogar.
stranglehold [strQNglhUld] n 1 sp
(wrestling) llave f al cuello. 2 pej (firm
control) poder m, dominio.
strap [strQp] n (on watch, camera) correa;
(on bag) asa; (on shoe) tira; (on dress, etc)
tirante m.
P vt 1 (fasten) atar con correa. 2 (band-
age) vendar.
pt & pp strapped, ger strapping.
strapless [strQpls] adj sin tirantes.
strapping [strQpIN] adj (big, strong)
fornido,-a, robusto,-a.
stratagem [strQtdZm] n estratagema.
strategic [strtidZIk] adj estratgico,-a.
strategist [strQtdZIst] n estratega mf.
strategy [strQtdZI] n estrategia.
pl strategies.
stratosphere [strQtsfIr] n estratos
fera.
stratum [strAtm] n 1 geol estrato. 2
(level, class) estrato, nivel m.
pl strata [strAt].

straw [str] n 1 (dried stalk(s)) paja. 2 (for
drinking) paja, pajita.
P adj de paja.
strawberry [strb rI] n (gen) fresa;
(large) fresn m. c o m p strawberry jam
mermelada de fresa. y strawberry tree
madroo.
pl strawberries.
stray [streI] adj 1 (lost) perdido,-a, ex
traviado,-a; (animal) callejero,-a. 2
(isolated, odd) perdido,-a.
P n (animal) animal m extraviado.
P vi 1 (get lost) extraviarse, perderse;
(wander away) desviarse, apartarse,
alejarse; (from group) separarse, apar
tarse, alejarse. 2 fig (digress, wander)
divagar, apartarse del tema, des
viarse del tema.
stream [strim] n 1 (brook) arroyo, ria
chuelo. 2 (current) corriente f. 3 (flow of
liquid) flujo, chorro, ro; (of blood, air)
chorro; (of lava, tears) torrente m; (of
light) raudal m. 4 fig (of people) oleada,
torrente m; (of vehicles, traffic) desfile m
continuo, caravana; (of abuse, excuses,
insults) torrente m, sarta. 5 gb (class, pu-
pils) clase f, grupo, nivel m (de alumnos
seleccionados segn su nivel acadmico).
P vi 1 (flow, pour out) manar, correr,
chorrear; (gush) salir a chorros. 2 fig
(people, vehicles, etc) desfilar. 3 (hair, ban-
ner, scarf) ondear.
P vt 1 (liquid) derramar. 2 gb poner en
grupos segn su nivel acadmico.
streamer [strimr] n (decoration) ser
pentina; (flag) bandern m.
street [strit] n calle f. l o c at street level a
nivel de la calle. y to walk the streets 1
(homeless) estar sin techo. 2 (prostitute) tra
bajar la calle. c o m p one-way street calle
de sentido nico. y street cleaner
barrendero,-a. y street corner esquina. y
street directory callejero. y street lamp
farola. y street lighting alumbrado p
blico. y street plan plano de la ciudad. y
street market mercadillo. y street value
valor m (en el mercado).
streetcar [StritkA] n us tranva.
streetlamp [stritlQmp] n farol m, farola.
streetlight [stritlaIt] n farol m, farola.
367 stretch
strength [streNT] n 1 (of person - physical)
fuerza, fuerzas fpl, fortaleza; (- stami-
na) resistencia, aguante m. 2 (intellectu-
al, spiritual) fortaleza, entereza, firme
za. 3 (of machine, object) resistencia; (of
wind, current) fuerza; (of light, sound, mag-
net, lens) potencia. 4 (of solution) con
centracin f; (of drug) potencia; (of alco-
hol) graduacin f. 5 (of currency) valor m,
fortaleza; (of economy) solidez f, forta
leza. 6 (of argument, evidence, story) fuer
za, validez f, credibilidad f; (of emotion,
conviction, colour) intensidad f; (of protest)
energa. 7 (strong point) punto fuerte,
virtud f; (ability, capability) capacidad f;
(advantage) ventaja. 8 (power, influence)
poder m, potencia. 9 (force in numbers)
fuerza numrica, nmero.
strengthen [streNTn] vt 1 (wall, glass,
defence, etc) reforzar; (muscle) fortalecer.
2 (character, faith, love) fortalecer; (sup-
port) aumentar; (relationship, ties) conso
lidar, fortalecer; (resolve, determination)
redoblar, intensificar.
P vi 1 (muscle) fortalecerse. 2 (economy,
currency) reforzarse, fortalecerse; (rela-
tionship) consolidarse, reforzarse, for
talecerse; (support, opposition, feeling) in
tensificarse, aumentar.
stress [stres] n 1 med tensin f (nervio
sa), estrs m. 2 (pressure) presin f,
tensin f. 3 tech tensin f. 4 (emphasis)
hincapi m (on, en), nfasis m (on,
en). 5 ling (on word) acento (tnico).
c o m p stress mark acento.
P vt 1 (emphasize) hacer hincapi en,
poner nfasis en, subrayar, enfati
zar. 2 ling (word) acentuar.
stressed [strest] adj 1 med (person) estre S
sado,-a. 2 phys (object) tensado,-a.
stressful [stresfUl] adj estresante, de
mucho estrs.
stretch [stretS] n 1 (of land, water) exten
sin f; (of road) tramo, trecho. 2 (elasticity)
elasticidad f. 3 (act of stretching) estira
miento. 4 (period of time) perodo,
tiempo, intervalo; (in prison) condena.
5 sp (of racetrack) recta.
P vt 1 (extend - elastic, clothes, rope) estirar;
(- canvas) extender; (- shoes) ensanchar;
 stretcher
(- arm, leg) alargar, estirar, extender; (-
wings) desplegar, extender. 2 (make de-
mands on, make to use all abilities) exigir a.
3 (strain - money, resources) estirar, em
plear al mximo; (- patience) abusar;
(- meaning) forzar, distorsionar.
P vi 1 (elastic) estirarse; (fabric) dar de s;
(shoes) ensancharse, dar de s; (person,
animal - gen) estirarse; (person - when
tired) desperezarse. 2 (extend - land, sea,
etc) extenderse (out, -); (- in time) alar
garse, prolongarse. 3 (reach) llegar (to,
para), alcanzar (to, para).
P adj (material, jeans, etc) elstico,-a.
a to stretch out vi (person - gen) estirar
se; (- lie down) tumbarse.
P vt sep 1 (arm, leg) alargar, estirar, ex
tender. 2 (money, resources) estirar.
, To stretch no significa 'estrechar', que
se traduce por to tighten, to narrow.
stretcher [stretSr] n camilla.
stretchy [stretSI] adj elstico,-a.
comp stretchier, superl stretchier.
strew [strU] vt lit (scatter) esparcir, des
parramar; (lie scattered) sembrar, cubrir.
pt strewed, pp strewed o strewn [strun].
strict [strIkt] adj 1 (severe - person) seve
ro,-a, estricto,-a; (- discipline) riguroso,-a,
severo,-a, estricto,-a; (- rule, law, order,
etc) estricto,-a, riguroso,-a, rgido,-a.
2 (exact, precise) estricto,-a, riguro
so,-a; (complete, total) absoluto,-a.
strictly [strIktlI] adv 1 (severely) severa
mente, estrictamente, de manera
estricta. 2 (rigorously, rigidly) estricta
mente; (categorically) terminantemen
te. 3 (exactly, precisely) estrictamente,
exactamente; (completely) totalmente,
del todo. 4 (exclusively) exclusivamen
te. l o c strictly speaking en realidad.
stride [straId] n 1 (long step) zancada;
(gait) paso, manera de andar. 2 (ad-
vance, development) progresos mpl.
P vi andar a zancadas.
pt strode [strUd] , pp stridden
[strIdn].
P n pl strides fam (trousers) pantaln m
sing, pantalones mpl.
stridden [strIdn] pp stride.
368
strike [straIk] n 1 (by workers, students, etc)
huelga. 2 sp (blow - gen) golpe m; (- in
tenpin bowling) pleno; (- in baseball)
strike m. 3 (find) hallazgo; (of oil, gold,
etc) descubrimiento. 4 mil ataque m:
air strike ataque areo.
P vt 1 (hit) pegar, golpear. 2 (knock
against, collide with) dar contra, chocar
contra; (ball, stone) pegar contra, dar
contra; (lightning, bullet, torpedo) alcan
zar. 3 (disaster, earthquake) golpear, so
brevenir; (disease) atacar, golpear. 4
(gold, oil) descubrir, encontrar, dar
con; (track, path) dar con. 5 (coin, medal)
acuar. 6 (match) encender. 7 (of clock)
dar, tocar. 8 mus (note) dar; (chord) to
car. 9 (bargain, deal) cerrar, hacer; (bal-
ance) encontrar, hallar; (agreement) lle
gar a. 10 (pose, attitude) adoptar. 11 (give
impression) parecer, dar la impresin
de. 12 (occur to) ocurrrsele a; (remember)
acordarse de. 13 (render) dejar. 14
(cause fear, terror, worry) infundir. 15 (take
down - sail, flag) arriar; (- tent, set) des
montar. 16 (cutting) plantar.
P vi 1 (attack - troops, animal, etc) atacar;
(- disaster, misfortune) sobrevenir, ocu
rrir; (- disease) atacar, golpear; (- light-
ning) alcanzar, caer. 2 (workers, etc) de
clararse en huelga, hacer huelga. 3
(clock) dar la hora.
a to strike back vi 1 (gen) devolver el
golpe. 2 mil contraatacar.
a to strike down vt sep (by illness, disease)
abatir, fulminar.
a to strike off vt sep 1 (name from list) ta
char. 2 jur (doctor, lawyer, etc) inhabilitar
para ejercer.
a to strike on vt insep (discover) dar con,
encontrar.
a to strike out vt sep (remove, cross out) ta
char.
P vi 1 (attack, hit out) arremeter (at, con
tra). 2 (set off) emprender el camino.
a to strike up vt insep (friendship) entablar,
trabar; (conversation) entablar, iniciar.
P vi (band) empezar a tocar.
pt & pp struck [strk].
strikebreaker [straIkbreIkr] n esqui
rol mf, rompehuelgas mf.
 369
striker [straIk ] n 1 (worker) huelguis
r
ta mf. 2 sp (football) delantero,-a; (crick-
et) bateador,-ra.
striking [straIkIN] adj 1 (eye-catching)
llamativo,-a; (stunning) atractivo,-a. 2
(similarity, resemblance) sorprendente,
asombroso,-a; (feature, etc) impresionan
te, destacado,-a. 3 (on strike) en huelga.
string [strIN] n 1 (cord) cuerda, cordel m;
(lace) cordn m; (of puppet) hilo. 2 (on in-
strument, racket) cuerda. 3 (of garlic, onions)
ristra; (of pearls, beads) sarta, hilo. 4 (of
vehicles) fila, hilera; (of hotels) cadena; (of
events) serie f, cadena, sucesin f; (of lies,
complaints) sarta; (of insults) retahla. c o m p
string orchestra orquestra de cuerda. y
string quartet cuarteto de cuerda.
P vt 1 (beads) ensartar, enhebrar. 2 (gui-
tar, racket) encordar. 3 (beans) quitar la
hebra a.
pt & pp strung [strN].
P n pl the strings mus los instrumentos
mpl de cuerda.
strip1 [strIp] vt 1 (person) desnudar, qui
tarle la ropa a; (bed) quitar la ropa de;
(room, house) vaciar; (wallpaper, paint)
quitar; (leaves, bark) arrancar. 2 (proper-
ty, rights, titles) despojar (of, de). 3 (en-
gine) desarmar, desmontar (down, -);
(ship) desaparejar.
P vi (undress) desnudarse (off, -), qui
tarse la ropa; (perform striptease) hacer
un strip-tease.
pt & pp stripped, ger stripping.
P n (striptease) strip-tease m.
strip2 [strIp] n 1 (of paper, leather) tira; (of
land) franja; (of metal) tira, cinta. 2 sp
(colours, kit) equipo. 3 (airstrip) pista (de
aterrizaje). 4 [also strip (cartoon)] his
torieta, tira cmica. c o m p strip lighting
alumbrado fluorescente. y strip min
ing us explotacin f a cielo abierto.
stripe [straIp] n 1 (gen) raya, lista. 2 mil
galn m. 3 (kind, type) tipo, clase f.
P vt pintar a rayas, dibujar a rayas.
striped [straIpt] adj rayado,-a, a rayas:
a striped shirt una camisa a rayas.
stripy [staIpI] adj rayado,-a, a rayas.
comp stripier, superl stripiest.
strive [straIv] vi esforzarse, procurar.
pt strove [strUv], pp striven [strIvn].
structural
striven [strIvn] pt strive.
strode [strUd] pt stride.
stroke [strUk] n 1 (blow) golpe m. 2 (ca-
ress) caricia. 3 sp (in tennis, cricket, golf)
golpe m, jugada; (in billiards) tacada; (in
rowing) palada; (in swimming - movement)
brazada; (- style) estilo. 4 sp (oarsman)
cabo. 5 (of pen) trazo; (of brush) pince
lada. 6 (of bell) campanada. 7 (of engine)
tiempo; (of piston) carrera. 8 med ata
que m de apopleja, derrame m cere
bral. 9 (oblique) barra (oblicua).
P vt 1 (caress) acariciar. 2 (ball) dar un
golpe a.
stroll [strUl] n paseo, vuelta.
P vi dar un paseo, dar una vuelta.
stroller [strUlr] n 1 (pushchair) coche
cito, sillita de nio. 2 (person) pasean
te mf.
strong [strN] adj 1 (physically - person)
fuerte; (- consitution) robusto,-a. 2 (mate-
rial, furniture, shoes, etc) fuerte, resisten
te. 3 (country, army) poderoso,-a, fuer
te. 4 (beliefs, views, principles) firme; (faith)
firme, slido,-a; (support) mucho, fir
me. 5 (argument, evidence) contundente,
convincente; (influence) grande; (protest)
enrgico,-a. 6 (colour) fuerte, inten
so,-a, vivo,-a; (smell, food, drink) fuerte;
(tea, coffee) fuerte, cargado,-a; (light) bri
llante. 7 (resemblance, accent) fuerte,
marcado,-a. 8 (chance, likelihood, probabil-
ity) bueno,-a. 9 (wind, current) fuerte. 10
(good - team) fuerte; (- cast) slido,-a. 11
(currency, etc) fuerte.
P adv fuerte.
strongbox [strNbks] n caja fuerte.
stronghold [strNhUld] n 1 mil forta S
leza. 2 fig baluarte m.
strongroom [strNrUm] n cmara
acorazada.
stroppy [strpI] adj gb fam borde, de
mala uva.
comp stroppier, superl stroppiest.
strove [strUv] pt strive.
struck [strk] pt & pp strike.
structural [strktSrl] adj (gen) estruc
tural. c o m p structural engineer inge
niero,-a de estructuras.
 structure
structure [strktS ] n 1 (organization,
r
composition) estructura. 2 (thing construct-
ed) construccin f; (building) edificio.
P vt (arguemnt, essay, report, etc) estructu
rar; (event) planificar.
struggle [strgl] n (gen) lucha; (physical
fight) pelea, forcejeo.
P vi 1 (fight) luchar; (physically) forcejear.
2 (strive) luchar (for, por), esforzarse
(for, por); (suffer) pasar apuros; (have
difficulty) costar, tener problemas.
strum [strm] vt rasguear.
P vi rasguear (on, -).
pt & pp strummed, ger strumming.
strung [strN] pt & pp string. l o c to
be highly strung estar muy nervioso,
-a, estar muy tenso,-a.
strut [strt] n 1 arch (rod, bar) puntal m,
riostra. 2 (way of walking) contoneo,
pavoneo.
P vi pavonearse, contonearse.
pt & pp strutted, ger strutting.
stub [stb] n (of cigarette) colilla; (of pencil,
candle) cabo; (of cheque, etc) matriz f.
P vt darse un golpe.
pt & pp stubbed, ger stubbing.
a to stub out vt sep apagar.
stubborn [stbn] adj 1 (person, animal)
terco,-a, testarudo,-a, tozudo,-a,
obstinado,-a; (refusal, resistance)
obcecado,-a. 2 (stain, cough, etc) rebel
de.
stubbornly [stbnlI] adv tercamente,
cabezudamente.
stubby [stbI] adj corto,-a y rechon
cho,-a.
comp stubbier, superl stubbiest.
stucco [stkU] n estuco.
pl stuccoes o stuccos.
stuck [stk] pt & pp stick.
P adj 1 (unable to move) atascado,-a. 2
(trapped) atrapado,-a; (in routine) estan
cado,-a. 3 fam (stumped) atascado,-a;
(in difficulties) en apuros.
stuck-up [stkp] adj fam credo,-a,
estirado,-a.
stud [std] n semental m. c o m p stud
farm cuadra.
student [stjUdnt] n 1 (university) estu
diante mf, universitario,-a; (school)
alumno,-a. 2 fml (scholar) estudioso,-a.
P adj estudiantil.
370
studio [stjUdIU] n 1 (TV, radio) estu
dio. 2 (artist's) estudio, taller m.
pl studios.
P n pl studios cinem estudios mpl.
studious [stjUdIs] adj 1 (fond of study-
ing) estudioso,-a, aplicado,-a. 2 fml
(careful) esmerado,-a; (deliberate)
deliberado,-a.
study [stdI] n 1 (act of studying) estudio;
(investigation, research) investigacin f,
estudio. 2 (room) despacho, estudio.
pl studies.
P vt 1 (gen) estudiar; (university subject)
estudiar, cursar; (investigate, research)
estudiar, investigar. 2 (scrutinize) estu
diar, examinar.
P vi estudiar.
pt & pp studied, ger studying.
P n pl studies (work) estudios mpl; (sub-
jects) estudios mpl, asignaturas fpl.
stuff [stf] n 1 fam (matter, material, sub-
stance) materia, material m . 2 fam
(things, possesions) cosas fpl, trastos mpl.
3 fam (content) cuento, rollo, cosas fpl.
P vt 1 (fill - container, bag, box) llenar
(with, de); (- cushion, toy, food) rellenar
(with, de); (- hole) tapar. 2 (dead animal)
disecar. 3 (push carelessly, shove) meter,
poner. 4 fam (beat, thrash) dar una pali
za a. 5 sl (sod) meter.
stuffed [stft] adj 1 (full) relleno,-a;
(crammed) atiborrado,-a. 2 (animal)
disecado,-a.
stuffing [stfIN] n relleno.
stuffy [ s t f I ] adj 1 (room) mal
ventilado,-a; (atmosphere) cargado,-a.
2 (person) estirado,-a, remilgado,-a;
(institution) tradicional; (ideas, manners)
formal, serio,-a, convencional.
comp stuffier, superl stuffiest.
stumble [stmbl] n tropezn m, tras
pi m, trompicn m.
P vi 1 (trip) tropezar ( on/over, con),
dar un traspi. 2 (walk unsteadily) tam
balearse. 3 (while speaking) atrancarse,
atascarse.
a to stumble across / stumble on vt
insep dar con, tropezar con.
stun [stn] vt 1 (make unconscious) dejar sin
sentido; (daze) aturdir, atontar, pas
 371
mar. 2 (surprise) sorprender, dejar atni
to,-a, dejar pasmado,-a; (shock) atolon
drar, aturdir, dejar anonadado,-a.
pt & pp stunned, ger stunning.
stung [stN] pt & pp sting.
stunk [stNk] pt & pp stink.
stunning [stnIN] adj 1 (surprising) aluci
nante, apabullante; (shocking)
asombroso,-a. 2 (beautiful, impressive) im
presionante, imponente, fenomenal.
stunt1 [stnt] vt (growth) atrofiar.
stunt2 [stnt] n 1 (dangerous act) proeza;
(in film) escena peligrosa. 2 (trick) truco,
maniobra. c o m p stunt man especialis
ta m. y stunt woman especialista f.
stunted [stntId] adj (tree, body)
raqutico,-a; (growth) atrofiado,-a.
stupefy [stjUpIfaI] vt 1 (alcohol, drugs)
atontar, aturdir, aletargar. 2 (amaze) de
jar pasmado,-a, dejar estupefacto,-a.
pt & pp stupefied, ger stupefying.
stupid [stjUpId] adj 1 tonto,-a, bobo,-a,
imbcil, estpido,-a. 2 (senseless) aton
tado,-a. 3 fam (annoying) maldito,-a.
comp stupider, comp stupidest.
P n tonto,-a, imbcil mf.
stupidity [stjUpIdItI] n estupidez f,
tontera.
stupidly [stjUpIdlI] adv estpidamen
te, tontamente.
stupor [stjUp ] n estupor m.
r
sturdy [stdI] adj 1 (strong) robusto,-a,
fuerte; (solid) slido,-a. 2 (opposition, re-
sistence, defence) enrgico,-a, frreo,-a,
tenaz, inquebrantable.
comp sturdier, superl sturdiest.
sturgeon [stdZn] n esturin m.
stutter [sttr] n tartamudeo.
P vi tartamudear.
P vt decir tartamudeando, balbucear.
sty1 [staI] n (for pigs) pocilga.
pl sties.
sty2 [staI] n stye.
pl sties.
stye [staI] n (in eye) orzuelo.
style [staIl] n 1 (gen) estilo. 2 (type, mod-
el) modelo, diseo. 3 (of hair) peinado.
4 (fashion) moda. 5 fml (correct title) ttu
lo. 6 bot estilo.
subject
P vt1 (gen) disear; (hair) peinar. 2 fml
(name, title) llamar.
stylish [staIlIS] adj 1 (elegant) elegante,
con mucho estilo. 2 (fashionable) a la
moda, de ltima moda.
stylist [staIlIst] n 1 (hairdresser) estilista
mf, peluquero,-a. 2 (writer) estilista mf.
stylized [staIlaIZd] adj estilizado,-a.
stylus [staIls] n 1 (of record player) agu
ja. 2 (for writing) estilo.
pl styluses o styli .
suave [swAv] adj (charming, polite) afable,
corts; (slick, ingratiating) zalamero,-a.
, Suave no significa 'suave', que se tra
duce por soft.
sub [sb] n 1 (submarine) submarino. 2
sp(substitute) sustituto,-a, suplente mf.
3 (subscription) cuota, subscripcin f,
suscripcin f. 4 (subeditor) redactor,-ra.
5 gb (advance from wages) anticipo.
P vi (act as substitute) sustituir (for, a).
P vt 1 gb (give an advance) anticipar, dar
un anticipo. 2 (subedit) corregir, revisar.
pt & pp subbed, ger subbing.
subconscious [sbknSs] adj sub
consciente.
P n the subconscious el subconsciente m.
subcontinent [sbkntInnt] n sub
continente m.
subcontract [ (n) sbkntrQkt ; (vb)
sbkntrQkt] n subcontrato.
P vt subcontratar (to, a).
subculture [sbkltSr] n subcultura.
subdivide [sbdIvaId] vt subdividir
(into, en).
subgroup [sbgrUp] n subgrupo.
subhuman [sbhjUmn] adj infrahu
mano,-a. S
subject [(n-adj) sbdZekt; (vb) sbdZekt]
n 1 (theme, topic) tema m. 2 educ asigna
tura. 3 (citizen) sbdito, ciudadano,-a.
4 ling sujeto. 5 (cause) objeto (of/for,
de). 6 (of experiment) sujeto.
P vt (bring under control) someter, sojuz
gar (to, a).
P adj (subordinate, governed) sometido,-a.
subject to (bound by) sujeto,-a a; (prone
to - floods, subsidence) expuesto,-a a;
(- change, delay) susceptible de, suje
 subjective
to,-a a; (- illness) propenso,-a a. c o m p
subject matter 1 (topic) tema m, mate
ria. 2 (contents) contenido.
P prep subject to (conditional on) previo,
-a, supeditado,-a a.
a to subject to vt sep someter a.
subjective [sbdZektIv] adj subjetivo,-a.
subjunctive [sbdZNktIv] adj ling
subjuntivo,-a.
P n ling subjuntivo.
sublet [sblet] vt realquilar, subarrendar.
P vi realquilar, subarrendar.
pt & pp sublet, ger subletting.
sublime [sblaIm] adj 1 (beauty, music,
compliment, etc) sublime. 2 fam (food, per-
formance) maravilloso,-a, sensacional.
3 pej (indifference, ignorance, etc) sumo,-a,
supremo,-a, absoluto,-a, total.
P n the sublime lo sublime.
subliminal [sblImInl] adj subliminal.
sub-machine-gun [sbmSingn] n
ametralladora, metralleta.
submarine [sbmrin] n submarino.
P adj submarino,-a.
submerge [sbmdZ] vt sumergir (in,
en).
P vi sumergirse.
submission [sbmISn] n 1 (subjection)
sumisin f (to, a). 2 sp (in wrestling) ren
dicin f. 3 (presentation) presentacin f.
4 (report) informe m; (proposal) pro
puesta.
submit [sbmIt] vt 1 (present) presen
tar. 2 (subject) someter (to, a). 3 jur
(suggest) sostener.
P vi (admit defeat, surrender) rendirse, ce
der; (to demand, wishes) acceder.
pt & pp submitted, ger submitting.
subnormal [sbnml] adj 1 (person) subsist [sbsIst] vi subsistir.
subnormal, retrasado,-a. 2 (tempera-
tures) por debajo de lo normal.
subordinate [(adj-n) sbdInt ; (vb) substance [sbstns] n 1 (matter) sus
sbdIneIt] adj 1 (lower, less important)
subordinado,-a (to, a), secundario,
-a. 2 ling subordinado,-a. c o m p subor
dinate clause oracin f subordinada.
P n (person) subordinado,-a,
subalterno,-a.
P vt subordinar (to, a), supeditar (to, a).
372
subordination [sbdIneISn] n su
bordinacin f.
subscribe [sbskraIb] vi 1 (to newspaper,
etc) suscribirse (to, a), abonarse (to,
a). 2 (to charity) hacer donaciones,
contribuir con donativos (to, a). 3 (to
opinion, theory) suscribir (to, -), estar de
acuerdo (to, con). 4 fin (shares) suscri
bir (for, -).
P vt 1 (contribute) contribuir, donar. 2
fml (sign) suscribir.
subscriber [sbskraIbr] n (to newspaper,
etc) suscriptor,-ra, abonado,-a; (to tele-
phone service, cable television) abonado,-a.
subscription [sbskIpSn] n (to newspaper,
etc) suscripcin f, abono; (to club) cuota;
(to charity) donativo, donacin f.
subsection [sbsekSn] n jur (in docu-
ment, text) artculo.
subsequent [sbsIkwnt] adj subsi
guiente, posterior. l o c subsequent to
posterior a.
subside [sbsaId] vi 1 (land, building,
road) hundirse. 2 fig (person) dejarse
caer. 3 (storm, wind) amainar; (floods)
decrecer, bajar; (pain, fever) disminuir;
(noise, applause) irse apagando; (anger,
excitement) calmarse.
subsidiary [sbsIdIrI] adj 1 (role, inter-
est, issue) secundario,-a. 2 (income) adi
cional, extra; (payment, loan) subsidia
rio,-a.
P n comm filial f.
pl subsidiaries.
subsidize [sbsIdaIz] vt (gen) subven
cionar; (exports) primar.
subsidy [sbsIdI] n subvencin f, sub
sidio.
pl subsidies.
subsistence [sbsIstns] n subsistencia.
subsoil [svbSIl] n subsuelo.
tancia. 2 (real matter, solid content) sustan
cia, solidez f. 3 (essence, gist) esencia,
sustancia. 4 (wealth) riqueza.
substantial [sbstQnSl] adj 1 (solid)
slido,-a, fuerte. 2 (large - sum, increase,
loss, damage) importante, considera
ble; (- difference, change) sustancial, no

table. 3 (meal - large) abundante; (nour-
ishing) sustancioso,-a. 4 (wealthy)
acaudalado,-a. 5 fml (real, tangible) sus
tancial.
substantiate [sbstQnSIeIt] vt (gen)
confirmar, corroborar; (accusation)
probar.
substantive [sbstntIv] adj fml (re-
search, information, evidence) sustantivo,
-a; (matter, issue) fundamental.
P n ling sustantivo.
substitute [sbstItjUt] n 1 (person)
sustituto,-a, suplente mf. 2 (thing) su
cedneo (for, de).
P vt sustituir, reemplazar.
P vi sustituir, suplir (for, a).
substitution [sbstItjUSn] n sustitu
cin f.
subterranean [sbtreInIn] adj
subterrneo,-a.
subtitle [sbtaItl] n subttulo.
P vt subtitular, poner subttulos a.
subtle [stl] adj 1 (person - tactful) delica
do,-a, discreto,-a. 2 (colour, difference, hint,
joke) sutil; (taste) delicado,-a, ligero,-a;
(lighting) tenue, sutil. 3 (remark, mind)
agudo,-a, perspicaz; (plan, argument,
analysis) ingenioso,-a; (irony) fino,-a.
comp subtler, comp subtlest.
subtotal [sbtUtl] n subtotal m.
subtract [sbtrQkt] vt restar (from, de).
subtraction [sbtrQkSn] n resta.
subtropical [sbtrpIkl] adj subtropical.
suburb [sbb] n barrio residencial.
comp the suburbs las afueras fpl.
, Suburb no significa 'suburbio (barrio
desfavorecido', que se traduce por slums.
suburban [sbbn] adj (area) de los
barrios residenciales; (attitude) con
vencional.
suburbia [sbbI] n los barrios mpl
residenciales.
subversion [sbvSn] n subversin f.
subversive [sbvsIv] adj subversi
vo,-a.
P n (person) elemento subversivo.
subway [sbweI] n 1 gb (underpass) paso
subterrneo. 2 us (underground) metro.
373 suck
succeed [sksid] vi 1 (be successful - person)
tener xito, triunfar; (- plan, marriage)
salir bien; (- strike) surtir efecto, dar re
sultado. 2 (manage) lograr, conseguir. 3
(throne) subir (to, a); (title) heredar (to, -).
P vt 1 (take place of) suceder a. 2 fml (fol-
low after) suceder a.
, To succeed no significa 'suceder', que
se traduce por to happen.
succeeding [sksidIN] adj subsiguiente.
success [skses] n 1 (good result, achieve-
ment) xito. 2 (successful person, thing) xito.
, Success no significa 'suceso', que se
traduce por event.
successful [sksesfUl] adj (person, career,
film) de xito; (plan, performance, attempt)
acertado,-a, logrado,-a; (business)
prspero,-a; (marriage) feliz; (meeting)
satisfactorio,-a, positivo,-a.
successfully [sksesfUlI] adv con xi
to, satisfactoriamente.
succession [skseSn] n 1 (act of follow-
ing) sucesin f. 2 (series) serie f, suce
sin f. 3 (to post, throne) sucesin f.
successive [sksesIv] adj sucesivo,-a,
consecutivo,-a.
successor [skssr] n sucesor,-ra.
succulent [skjlnt] adj 1 (juicy) sucu
lento,-a. 2 bot carnoso,-a.
P n bot planta carnosa, suculenta.
such [stS] adj 1 (of that sort) tal, seme
jante. 2 (so much, so great) tal, tanto,-a.
P adv (so very) tan.
P pron (of that specified sort) tal. l o c as
such 1 (strictly speaking) propiamente
dicho. 2 (that way) como tal. y in such a
way that de tal manera que y S
such as (like, for example) como. y such
as? por ejemplo?
suck [sk] vt 1 (person - liquid) sorber; (-
lollipop, pencil, thumb, etc) chupar; (insect
-blood, nectar) chupar, succionar. 2 (vac-
uum cleaner) aspirar (in, -); (pump) suc
cionar, aspirar (in, -); (plant) absorber
(up, -). 3 (draw powerfully) arrastrar.
P vi 1 (person) chupar (at/on, -); (baby)
mamar (at, -); (vacuum cleaner) aspirar
(up,-); (pump) succionar, aspirar.
 sucker
sucker [sk ] n 1 zool ventosa. 2 bot
r
chupn m, mamn m. 3 (rubber disc)
ventosa.
suckle [skl] vt amamantar, dar de
mamar a.
P vi mamar.
sucrose [sjUkrUz] n sacarosa.
suction [skSn] n (sticking together) suc
cin f; (of water, air) aspiracin f. c o m p
suction cup ventosa. y suction pump
bomba de aspiracin.
Sudan [sUdQn] [also the Sudan] n Su
dn.
Sudanese [sUdniz] adj sudans,
-esa.
P n sudans,-esa.
P n pl the Sudanese los sudaneses mpl.
sudden [sdn] adj 1 (quick) sbito,-a,
repentino,-a. 2 (unexpected)
inesperado,-a, imprevisto,-a. 3 (abrupt)
brusco,-a. l o c all of a sudden de repen
te. c o m p sudden death muerte f sbita.
suddenly [sdnlI] adv 1 (unexpectedly)
de repente, de pronto. 2 (abruptly)
bruscamente.
suds [sdz] n pl jabonaduras fpl, espu
ma f sing (de jabn).
sue [sU] vt jur demandar.
P vi jur entablar una demanda ( for,
por).
suede [sweId] n ante m, gamuza.
P adj de ante, de gamuza.
suet [sUIt] n sebo.
suffer [sfr] vt 1 (gen) sufrir; (pain) pa
decer, sufrir; (hunger) padecer, pasar;
(losses) sufrir, registrar. 2 (bear, tolerate)
aguantar, soportar, tolerar.
P vi 1 (gen) sufrir. 2 (be affected - work,
studies, etc) verse afectado,-a; (- health)
resentirse: l o c to suffer from 1 (illness)
sufrir de, padecer. 2 (shock) sufrir los
efectos de. 3 (effects) resentirse de.
sufferer [sfrr] n enfermo,-a.
suffering [sfrIN] n (affliction) sufri
miento, afliccin f; (grief) pena, dolor
m; (pain) dolor m.
sufficient [sfIS nt] adj suficiente,
bastante. l o c to be sufficient bastar.
suffix [sfIks] n sufijo.
374
suffocate [sfkeIt] vt asfixiar, aho
gar.
P viasfixiarse, ahogarse.
, To suffocate no significa 'sofocar (un
incendio)', que se traduce por to put out.
suffocation [sfkeIS n] n asfixia,
ahogo.
suffrage [sfrIdZ] n sufragio.
sugar [SUgr] n 1 azcar m & f. 2 us fam
(form of address) cario, cielo. c o m p sug
ar beet remolacha azucarera.
P vt azucarar.
sugar-coated [SUgkUtId] adj cubier
to,-a de azcar.
suggest [sdZest] vt 1 (propose) sugerir,
proponer; (advise) sugerir, aconsejar.
2 (imply) insinuar. 3 (indicate) indicar. 4
(evoke) evocar, sugerir.
suggestion [sdZestSn] n 1 (proposal)
sugerencia, propuesta. 2 (insinuation)
insinuacin f. 3 (indication, hint) indicio;
(slight trace) sombra, traza, asomo, no
ta. 4 (in psychology) sugestin f.
suggestive [sdZestIv] adj (with sexual con-
notations) provocativo,-a, insinuante.
suicidal [sUIsaIdl] adj suicida.
suicide [sUIsaId] n 1 (act) suicidio. 2
(person) suicida mf. 3 fig suicidio. c o m p
to commit suicide suicidarse.
suit [sUt] n 1 (man's) traje m; (woman's)
traje m de chaqueta. 2 jur pleito, jui
cio. 3 (in cards) palo.
P vt 1 (be convenient, acceptable) convenir
a, venir bien a; (please) satisfacer,
agradar, contentar. 2 (be right for) ir
bien a, sentar bien a; (look good on)
quedar bien a, favorecer. 3 (adapt)
adaptar (to, a), ajustar (to, a).
suitable [sUtbl] adj 1 (appropriate)
adecuado,-a (for, para), apropiado,
-a ( for, para); (for job, post) adecua
do,-a, indicado,-a, idneo,-a. 2 (ac-
ceptable, proper) apropiado,-a, apto,-a.
3 (convenient) conveniente.
suitcase [sUtkeIs] n maleta.
suite [swit] n 1 (of furniture) juego. 2 (in
hotel) suite f. 3 mus suite f. 4 (retinue) s
quito, comitiva. 5 comput juego.

suited [sUtId] adj apropiado,-a (for,
para), adecuado,-a (for, para).
sulk [slk] vi enfurruarse, estar de
mal humor.
P n malhumor m.
sulky [slkI] adj (look, mood) malhu
morado,-a; (person) con tendencia a
enfurruarse.
comp sulkier, superl sulkiest.
sullen [sln] adj 1 (person, mood) hos
co,-a, arisco,-a, hurao,-a; (face)
adusto,-a.
sully [slI] vt 1 (dirty) ensuciar. 2 fig (tar-
nish, spoil) manchar, mancillar.
pt & pp sullied, ger sullying.
sultan [sltn] n sultn m.
sultry [sltrI] adj 1 (weather) bochorno
so,-a, sofocante. 2 (person) sensual.
comp sultrier, superl sultriest.
sum [sm] n 1 math (calculation) cuenta;
(addition) suma, adicin f. 2 (amount of
money) suma (de dinero), cantidad f
(de dinero). 3 (total amount) suma, to
tal m. c o m p in sum en resumen. y l o c
the sum total total m.
P n pl sums aritmtica f sing, clculos mpl.
a to sum up vt sep 1 (summarize) resu
mir, hacer un resumen de, sinteti
zar. 2 (size up - situation) evaluar; (- per-
son) catalogar.
P vi (summarize) resumir; (of judge) reca
pitular.
pt & pp summed, ger summing.
summarize [smraIz] vt resumir, ha
cer un resumen de.
summary [smrI] n (gen) resumen m.
pl summaries.
P adj 1 jur (justice, punishment) sumario,
-a: summary trial juicio sumario. 2 (imme-
diate - dismissal) inmediato,-a. 3 (brief -
account) breve, corto,-a. l o c in summa
ry en resumen.
summer [smr] n 1 (gen) verano. 2 lit
abril m.
P adj (gen) de verano; (summery)
veraniego,-a.
summertime [smtaIm] n verano,
esto.
summit [smIt] n 1 (of mountain, career)
cumbre f, cima. 2 (meeting) cumbre f.
375 sunroof
summon [smn] vt 1 (person) llamar;
(meeting, parliament) convocar. 2 jur ci
tar, emplazar.
a to summon up vt insep 1 (courage) armar
se de; (strength) reunir, cobrar; (support)
lograr, obtener; (resources, help) reunir,
conseguir. 2 (memories, thoughts) evocar.
sumptuous [smptjUs] adj (gen) sun
tuoso,-a; (meal) opparo,-a.
sun [sn] n (gen) sol m.
sunbathe [snbeID] vi tomar el sol.
sunbeam [snbim] n rayo de sol.
sunbed [snbed] n cama solar.
sunburn [snbn] n quemadura de sol.
sunburnt [snbnt] adj (burnt) quema
do,-a (por el sol); (tanned) bronceado,
-a, moreno,-a.
Sunday [sndI] n domingo.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta Saturday.
sundial [sndaIl] n reloj m de sol.
sundown [sndaUn] n us puesta de(l)
sol.
sun-dried [sndraId] adj secado,-a al
sol.
sunflower [snflaUr] n girasol m. comp
sunflower seed semilla de girasol, pipa.
sung [sN] pp sing.
sunglasses [snglAsIz] n pl gafas fpl
de sol.
sunhat [snhQt] n pamela, sombrero
de ala ancha.
sunk [sNk] pp sink.
sunken [snkn] adj 1 (ship, treasure)
hund ido,-a, sumergido,-a; (eyes,
S
cheeks) hundido,-a. 2 (terrace, bath) a un
nivel ms bajo.
sunlight [snlaIt] n sol m, luz f del sol.
sunlit [snlIt] adj soleado,-a.
sunny [snI] adj 1 (room, house, etc)
soleado,-a; (day) de sol. 2 fig (person)
alegre, risueo,-a; (future) risueo,-a.
comp sunnier, superl sunniest.
sunrise [snraIz] n (sun-up) salida del
sol; (dawn) amanecer m, alba m.
sunroof [snrUf] n 1 auto capota, te
cho corredizo. 2 (on building) azotea.
 sunset 376

sunset [snset] n (sundown) puesta superman [sUpmQn] n superhom

de(l) sol, ocaso; (twilight) crepsculo, bre m.
atardecer m. pl supermen [sUpmn].
sunshade [snSeId] n 1 (parasol) som supermarket [sUpmAkIt] n super
brilla. 2 (awning) toldo. mercado, autoservicio.
sunshine [snSaIn] n 1 sol m, luz f de supernatural [sUpnQtSrl] adj so
sol. 2 fig alegra. 3 gb fam (friendly form brenatural.
of address) corazn, majo,-a; (sarcastic) Pn the supernatural lo sobrenatural m.
guapo,-a. superpower [sUppaUr] n superpo
sunstroke [snstrUk] n insolacin f. tencia.
suntan [sntQn] n bronceado, more supersonic [sUpsnIk] adj super
no. c o m p suntan lotion bronceador m. snico,-a.
sun-tanned [sntQnd] adj broncea superstar [sUpstAr] n superestrella.
do,-a, moreno,-a. superstition [sUpstISn] n supersti
super [sUpr] adj fam genial, sper, cin f.
fenomenal, de primera. superstitious [sjUpstISs] adj su
P n 1 gb (superintendent) comisario,-a de persticioso,-a.
polica. 2 us (superintendent) portero,-a. superstore [sUpstr] n hipermercado.
superb [sUpb] adj estupendo,-a, superstructure [sUpstrktSr] n su
magnfico,-a, esplndido,-a, perestructura.
soberbio,-a. supertanker [sUptQNkr] n super
superbly [sUpblI] adv estupenda petrolero.
mente, magnficamente, esplndi supervise [sUpvaIz] vt 1 (watch over)
damente, soberbiamente. vigilar. 2 (keep check on) supervisar;
supercilious [sUpsIlIs] adj (conde- (run) dirigir.
scending) altanero,-a; (disdainful) supervision [sUpvIZn] n supervi
desdeoso,-a. sin f.
superficial [sUpfISl] adj (gen) super supervisor [sUpvaIz r ] n 1 (gen)
ficial. supervisor,-ra. 2 gb (of thesis) director,-
superfluous [sUpflUs] adj (gen) su ra de tesis.
perfluo,-a; (remark, comment) de ms. superwoman [sUpwUmn] n super
superhuman [sUphjUmn] adj mujer f.
sobrehumano,-a. pl superwomen [sUpwImIn].
superintendent [sUprIntendnt] n 1 supper [spr] n cena. l o c to have sup

(person in charge - gen) director,-ra, per cenar.

inspector,-ra, supervisor,-ra. 2 gb (in
police) comisario,-a de polica. 3 us (in
apartment building) portero,-a, conserje
mf. 4 (of park) encargado,-a.
superior [sUpIrIr] adj 1 (gen) supe
rior (to, a). 2 pej (attitude, tone, smile) de
superioridad.
P n (senior) superior mf.
superiority [sUpIrIrItI] n superiori
dad f.
superlative [sUpltIv] adj 1 (excellent)
superlativo,-a, de primera, excelente,
excepcional. 2 ling superlativo,-a.
P n ling superlativo.
supper-time [sptaIm] n hora de cenar.
supplement [ (n) splImnt] ; (vb)
splIment] n 1 (charge) suplemento. 2
(dietary) complemento. 3 lit suple
mento.
complementar.
P vt
supplementary [splImentrI] adj 1
(gen) suplementario,-a, adicional. 2
math suplementario,-a.
supplier [splaIr] n comm proveedor,
-ra, abastecedor,-ra.
supply [splaI] n 1 (provision) suminis
tro. 2 comm (provision - to markets, areas,
etc) abastecimiento; (- to individuals,

houses, shops, etc) suministro. 3 (amount
availabe) reserva.
pl supplies.
P vt 1 (goods, materials) suministrar. 2 (a
person, company, city, etc) abastecer
(with, de), proveer (with, de). 3 (give -
information, proof, facts) facilitar, propor
cionar. 4 mil (with provisions) aprovisio
nar. 5 fml (need, requirement) satisfacer.
pt & pp supplied, ger supplying.
P n pl supplies (food) provisiones fpl,
vveres mpl ; (stock) existencias fpl ,
stock m. mil pertrechos mpl.
support [spt] n 1 (physical - gen) apo
yo, sostn m; (- thing worn on body) pro
tector m. 2 (of building) soporte m, pun
tal m. 3 (moral) apoyo, respaldo. 4
(financial) ayuda econmica, apoyo
econmico; (sustenance) sustento; (per-
son) sostn m. 5 (supporters) aficin f. 6
(evidence) pruebas fpl.
P vt 1 (roof, bridge, etc) sostener; (weight)
aguantar, resistir; (part of body) sujetar.
2 (back, encourage) apoyar, respaldar,
ayudar; (cause, motion, proposal) apoyar,
estar de acuerdo con. 3 sp (follow) se
guir; (encourage) animar. 4 (keep, sustain)
mantener, sustentar, sostener; (feed)
alimentar. 5 (corroborate, substantiate)
confirmar, respaldar, apoyar, respal
dar. 6 fml (endure) soportar, tolerar.
, To support no significa 'soportar (su
frir)', que se traduce por to bear.
suppor ter [ s p t r] n 1 pol
partidario,-a. 2 sp (gen) seguidor,-ra;
(fan) hincha mf, forofo,-a.
P n pl supporters sp la aficin f sing .
c o m p supporters' club pea deportiva.
supporting [sptIN] adj (part, role)
secundario,-a.
suppose [spUz] vt 1 (assume, imagine)
suponer, imaginarse. 2 (in polite re-
quests): I don't suppose you could lend me 10,
could you? no podras dejarme 10 libras,
no? 3 (believe) creer. 4 (postulate) supo
ner. 5 fml (presuppose) suponer. l o c I
suppose not supongo que no. y I sup
pose so supongo que s.
377 surfing
P conj 1 (hypothesis) y si?, pongamos
por caso, supongamos. 2 (making sug-
gestions) y si?, qu tal si?
supposed [spUzd] adj supuesto,-a.
l o c to be supposed to 1 (supposition,
reputation) se supone que, dicen que.
2 (obligation, responsibility) deber, tener
que. 3 (intention) se supone que.
supposing [spUzIN] conj 1 (hypothesis)
y si?, suponiendo. 2 (making sug-
gestions) y si?, qu tal si?
suppository [spzItrI] n supositorio.
pl suppositories.
supremacy [sUpremsI] n supremaca.
supreme [sUprim] adj (highest) supre
mo,-a, sumo,-a; (greatest) supremo,-a.
supremo [sUprimU] n gb fam gran
jefe,-a.
pl supremos.
surcharge [stSAdZ] n recargo, so
bretasa.
(person) aplicar un recargo a.
P vt
sure [SUr] adj 1 (positive, certain) segu
ro,-a (about/of, de); (convinced) con
vencido,-a. 2 (certain, inevitable) segu
ro,-a. 3 (reliable) seguro,-a.
P adv 1 (of course) claro, por supuesto. 2
us (as intensifier) realmente, de verdad.
surely [SUlI] adv 1 (doubtless) segura
mente, sin duda. 2 (as intensifier): surely
you haven't forgotten! no se te habr olvi
dado! 3 (in a sure manner) con seguri
dad. 4 us (certainly) por supuesto, des
de luego, claro (que s).
surf [sf] n (waves) olas fpl, oleaje m;
(foam) espuma.
P vi hacer surf. l o c to surf the net na
S
vegar en Internet.
surface [sfIs] n 1 (gen) superficie f; (of
road) firme m. 2 fig (exterior) apariencia.
P adj (gen) superficial.
P vt (cover road) pavimentar; (with as-
phalt) asfaltar.
P vi 1 (submarine, etc) salir a la superfi
cie; (problems, etc) aflorar, aparecer,
surgir. 2 (from bed) asomarse, dejarse
ver; (after disappearance) reaparecer.
surfboard [sfbd] n tabla de surf.
surfer [sfr] n surfista mf.
surfing [sfIN] n surf m.
 surgeon
surgeon [sdZ n] n cirujano,-a.
surgery [sdZrI] n 1 (operating) ciru
ga. 2 gb (place) consultorio, consulta;
(time) consulta.
pl surgeries.
surgical [sdZIkl] adj (instrument, treat-
ment) quirrgico,-a.
Surinam [sUrInQm] n Surinam.
surmount [smaUnt] vt 1 (overcome) su
perar, vencer. 2 arch rematar, coronar.
surname [sneIm] n apellido.
surpass [spAs] vt (better) superar; (ex-
ceed) superar, sobrepasar.
surplus [spls] n (of goods, produce) ex
cedente m, sobrante m; (of budget) su
pervit m.
P adj sobrante, excedente.
surprise [spraIz] n sorpresa.
P adj (visit, result) inesperado,-a; (attack,
party) sorpresa.
P vt 1 (cause surprise to) sorprender. 2
(catch unaware) sorprender, tomar des
prevenido,-a, tomar por sorpresa.
surprised [spraIzd] adj (person)
sorprendido,-a; (look) de sorpresa.
surprising [spraIzIN] adj sorprendente.
surreal [srIl] adj surrealista.
surrealism [srIlIzm] n surrealismo.
surrealist [srIlIst] n surrealista mf.
P adj surrealista.
surrender [srendr] n 1 (capitulation)
rendicin f; (submission) sumisin f,
claudicacin f. 2 (giving up - of arms) en
trega; (- of rights) renuncia.
P vt 1 mil (weapons, town) rendir, entre
gar. 2 fml (passport, ticket, etc) entregar;
(claim, right, privilege) renunciar a, ceder.
P vi rendirse, entregarse.
surround [sraUnd] vt (encircle) rodear
(with, de).
P n marco, borde m.
surrounding [sraUndIN] adj circun
dante.
P n pl surroundings (of town, city, etc) alre
dedores mpl fpl. (environment) entorno,
ambiente m.
surveillance [sveIlns] n vigilancia.
survey [(n) sveI; (vb) sveI] n 1 (investi-
gation - of opinion) sondeo, encuesta;
378
(- of prices, trends, etc) estudio; (written re-
port) informe m. 2 (of land) inspeccin
f, reconocimiento; (in topography) me
dicin f. 3 (general view) visin f gene
ral, visin f de conjunto. 4 gb (of house,
building) inspeccin f, peritaje m.
P vt 1 (contemplate, look at) contemplar,
mirar. 2 (study - gen) examinar, anali
zar; (- prices, trends, etc) estudiar, hacer
una encuesta sobre; (investigate - peo-
ple) encuestar, hacer un sondeo de. 3
(- land) hacer un reconocimiento de;
(in topography) medir. 4 (house, building)
inspeccionar, hacer un peritaje de.
surveyor [sveIr] n (of land) agrimen
sor,-ra, topgrafo,-a; (of house, building)
perito,-a.
survival [svaIvl] n 1 (gen) supervi
vencia. 2 (relic) reliquia, vestigio
(from, de).
survive [svaIv] vi 1 (gen) sobrevivir;
(custom, tradition) sobrevivir, perdurar;
(book, painting) conservarse. 2 fam (cope,
get by) ir tirando, arreglrselas.
P vt 1 (disaster) sobrevivir a. 2 (person)
sobrevivir a.
survivor [svaIvr] n superviviente mf,
sobreviviente mf.
suspect [(adj-n) sspekt; (vb) sspekt]
adj (suspicious) sospechoso,-a; (dubious,
questionable) dudoso,-a.
P n (person) sospechoso,-a.
P vt 1 (believe guilty) sospechar de; (mis-
trust) recelar de, desconfiar de, dudar
de. 2 (think true) sospechar. 3 (suppose,
guess) imaginarse, creer.
suspend [sspend] vt 1 (stop temporarily)
suspender; (postpone) posponer, apla
zar. 2 (remove) suspender. 3 (hang) sus
pender, colgar.
, To suspend no significa 'suspender
(un examen)', que se traduce por to fail.
suspense [ssspens] n (anticipation) in
certidumbre f; (intrigue) suspense m,
intriga.
suspension [sspenSn] n 1 (halt) sus
pensin f; (postponement) aplazamien
to, postergacin f. 2 (of employee, play-
er) suspensin f; (of pupil) expulsin f.

3 chem suspensin f. 4 tech suspen
sin f. c o m p suspension points puntos
suspensivos.
suspicion [sspISn] n 1 (gen) sospe
cha; (mistrust) recelo, desconfianza;
(doubt) duda; (hunch) presentimiento.
2 (slight trace) pizca, asomo, atisbo.
suspicious [sspISs] adj 1 (arousing sus-
picion) sospechoso,-a. 2 (distrustful,
wary) desconfiado,-a, suspicaz.
sustain [ssteIn] vt 1 (keep alive - gen)
sustentar; (- spirits, hope) mantener. 2
(maintain - gen) sostener; (- interest, con-
versation) mantener; (- work) continuar.
3 mus (note) sostener. 4 fml (suffer - loss,
injury, wound, etc) sufrir. 5 fml (hold up)
sostener. 6 jur admitir.
sustainable [ssteInbl] adj sosteni P vi 1 (person, tree, ladder) balancearse,
ble.
suture [stSer] n (thread) hilo de sutura;
(stitch) punto de sutura.
P vt suturar.
swab [swb] n 1 med (cotton wool) algo
dn m; (gauze) gasa. 2 med (specimen)
frotis m, muestra. 3 (cleaning cloth) pa
o, bayeta, trapo; (mop) fregona.
P vt 1 med (wound) limpiar. 2 mar (deck)
limpiar, fregar.
pt & pp swabbed, ger swabbing.
swallow1 [swlU] n (of drink, food) trago.
P vt 1 (food, etc) tragar. 2 fig (be taken in
by) tragarse.
P vi tragar.
a to swallow up vt sep 1 (engulf) tragar
se, engullir. 2 (use up) consumir, tra
garse, comerse, absorber.
swallow2 [swlU] n (bird) golondrina.
swam [swm] pt swim.
swamp [swmp] n pantano, cinaga.
P vt 1 (land) inundar, anegar; (boat)
hundir. 2 fig (inundate) inundar (with/
by, de); (overwhelm) agobiar, abrumar
(with/by, de).
swan [swn] n (bird) cisne m.
P vi pavonearse.
pt & pp swanned, ger swanning.
swap [swp] n canje m, cambalache m.
P vt fam cambiar, intercambiar.
P vi hacer un intercambio, cambiar.
pt & pp swapped, ger swapping.
379 Swedish
swarm [swm] n 1 (of bees) enjambre
m. 2 fig (of people) enjambre m, nube f,
multitud f.
P vi 1 (bees) enjambrar. 2 fig (people) aglo
merarse, apiarse, arremolinarse.
a to swarm with vt insep rebosar de,
estar plagado,-a de.
swathe1 [sweID] n swath.
swathe2 [sweID] vt (wrap) envolver,
vendar.
a to swathe in vt sep fig envolver.
sway [sweI] n 1 (movement) balanceo,
vaivn m, movimiento. 2 fig (influence)
dominio, influencia (over, sobre).
P vt 1 (swing) balancear, bambolear. 2
fig (influence) influir en, influenciar,
convencer.
bambolearse; (tower) bambolearse;
(crops) mecerse; (person - totter) tamba
learse. 2 fig (waver) vacilar (between,
entre), oscilar (between, entre).
swear [swer] vt 1 (declare formally) jurar;
(vow) juramentar. 2 fam (state firmly) jurar.
P vi 1 (declare formally) jurar, prestar jura
mento. 2 (curse) decir palabrotas, sol
tar tacos; (blaspheme) jurar, blasfemar.
a to swear by vt insep fam tener una fe
absoluta en.
a to swear in vt sep (in court) tomarle ju
ramento a.
a to swear to vt insep jurar.
pt swore [swr], pp sworn [swN].
swearword [swerwd] n palabrota.
sweat [swet] n 1 (perspiration) sudor m.
2 fam (hard work) paliza. 3 fam (anxious
state) nerviosismo. c o m p sweat gland
glndula sudorpara.
P vi 1 (perspire) sudar. 2 (cheese) exudar S
humedad. 3 (work hard) sudar la gota
gorda. 4 fam (worry) estar preocupa
do,-a, sufrir.
P vt gb (cook gently) rehogar.
a to sweat out vt sep (illness, cold) quitar
se sudando; (toxins) eliminar.
sweater [swetr] n suter m, jersey m.
sweatshirt [swetSt] n sudadera.
Swede [swid] n (person) sueco,-a.
Sweden [swidn] n Suecia.
Swedish [swidIS] adj sueco,-a.
 sweep
Pn (language) sueco.
P n pl the Swedish los suecos mpl.
sweep [swip] n 1 (with broom) barrido.
2 (of arm) movimiento amplio, gesto
amplio; (with weapon) golpe m. 3 (curve)
curva; (area, stretch) extensin f. 4 fig
(range, extent) abanico, alcance m. 5 (by
police, rescuers) peinado, rastreo. 6 fam
(chimney cleaner) deshollinador,-ra.
P vt 1 (room, floor) barrer; (chimney) des
hollinar. 2 (with hand) quitar de un
manotazo. 3 (move over) azotar, ba
rrer. 4 (remove by force) arrastrar, llevar
se. 5 (pass over) recorrer. 6 fig (spread
through) recorrer, extenderse por. 7
(touch lightly) rozar, pasar por.
P vi 1 (with broom) barrer. 2 (move quickly)
pasar rpidamente. 3 (extend) reco
rrer, extenderse.
a to sweep aside vt sep 1 (objection, etc)
rechazar; (suggestion) descartar. 2 (ob-
ject) apartar (bruscamente).
a to sweep away vt sep 1 (privilege, etc)
erradicar. 2 (by flood, storm) arrastrar,
llevarse.
a to sweep up vt sep 1 (room, etc) barrer;
(dust, etc) (barrer y) recoger. 2 (object,
person) recoger, levantar.
P vi barrer, limpiar.
pt & pp swept [swept].
sweeping [swipIN] adj 1 (broad) am
plio,-a; (very general) muy general. 2
(overwhelming) arrollador,-ra, aplastan
te; (far-reaching) radical; (huge) enorme.
c o m p sweeping brush escoba.
sweet [swit] adj 1 (taste) dulce; (sugary)
azucarado,-a. 2 (pleasant) agradable;
(smell) fragante, bueno,-a; (sound, mu-
sic, voice) melodioso,-a, suave, dulce.
3 (air) limpio,-a; (water) dulce. 4 (charm-
ing) encantador,-ra, simptico,-a;
(cute) rico,-a, mono,-a; (gentle) dulce.
c o m p sweet corn maz m tierno. y
sweet pea guisante m de olor. y sweet
pepper pimiento morrn. y sweet po
tato boniato, batata.
P n 1 gb (candy) caramelo, golosina;
(chocolate) bombn m. 2 gb (dessert) pos
tre m. 3 (form of address) cario, cielo,
amor m, vida.
380
sweet-and-sour [swit nsaU r ] adj
culin agridulce.
sweetcorn [switkn] n maz m tierno.
sweeten [switn] vt 1 (drink, etc) endul
zar, azucarar; (air, breath) refrescar. 2
fig (person) endulzar (el carcter de);
(temper) aplacar, calmar. 3 fam (make
more attractive) hacer ms apetecible.
a to sweeten up vt sep ablandar.
sweetener [switnr] n 1 (in food, drink)
edulcorante m, dulcificante m. 2 fam
(bribe) soborno.
sweetheart [swithAt] n 1 (dear, love)
cario, tesoro, amor m. 2 (loved one)
novio,-a.
sweetness [switns] n (taste) dulzor
m; (smell) fragancia; (sound) suavidad f;
(character) dulzura, simpata.
swell [swel] n 1 (of sea) marejada, olea
je m. 2 mus (crescendo) crescendo.
P vi 1 (gen) hincharse (up, -); (sea) le
vantarse; (river) crecer, subir. 2 (grow -
in number) crecer, aumentar; (- louder)
hacerse ms fuerte.
P vt 1 (gen) hinchar; (river) hacer crecer. 2
(increase in number) aumentar, engrosar.
pt & pp swelled o swollen [swUln].
swelling [swelIN] n (swollen place) hin
chazn f, bulto; (condition) tumefac
cin f.
swept [swept] pt & pp sweep.
swerve [swv] n 1 auto viraje m brus
co, desvo brusco. 2 sp (by player) re
gate m; (of ball) efecto.
P vi 1 auto virar bruscamente, dar un
viraje brusco. 2 sp (player) dar un re
gate, regatear; (ball) llevar efecto. 3
fig (veer, deviate) desviarse (from, de).
swift [swIft] adj 1 (runner, horse) rpido,
-a, veloz. 2 (reaction, reply) pronto,-a,
rpido,-a.
P n (bird) vencejo comn.
swim [swIm] n bao. l o c to go for a
swim ir a nadar. y to have a swim ba
arse, nadar.
P vi 1 (gen) nadar. 2 (be covered in liquid)
nadar (in, en), flotar (in, en); (be over-
flowing) estar cubierto,-a (with, de),
estar inundado,-a. 3 (spin, whirl) dar
vueltas.
 381
P vt (cross river) cruzar a nado, cruzar
nadando; (cover distance) nadar, hacer;
(use particular stroke) nadar.
pt swam [swQm], pp swum [swm],
ger swimming.
swimmer [swImr] n nadador,-ra.
swimming [swImIN] n natacin f. l o c
to go swimming ir a nadar. c o m p
swimming baths piscina cubierta. y
swimming costume baador m . y
swimming pool piscina. y swimming
trunks baador m (de hombre).
swimsuit [swImsUt] n baador m.
swimwear [swImwer] n baadores mpl.
swindle [swIndl] n (fiddle) estafa; (con)
timo.
P vt estafar, timar.
swine [swaIn] n 1 [pl swine] arch (pig)
cerdo, puerco, cochino. 2 [pl swines]
fam (person) cerdo,-a, canalla mf, ma
rrano,-a.
swing [swIN] n 1 (movement) balanceo,
vaivn m; (of pendulum) oscilacin f, vai
vn m; (of hips) contoneo. 2 (plaything)
columpio. 3 (change, shift) giro, viraje m,
cambio. 4 sp (in golf, boxing) swing m. 5
mus (jazz style) swing m; (rhythm) ritmo.
c o m p swing bridge puente m giratorio. y
swing door puerta giratoria.
P vi 1 (hanging object) balancearse, bam
bolearse; (pendulum) oscilar; (arms, legs)
menearse; (child on swing) columpiar
se; (on a pivot) mecerse. 2 (drive) girar,
doblar; (walk) caminar con energa;
(jump) saltar. 3 (shift) cambiar, oscilar,
virar. 4 (music, band) tener ritmo; (par-
ty) estar muy animado,-a.
P vt 1 (gen) balancear. 2 (cause to move)
hacer girar. 3 (change) cambiar. 4 fam
(arrange, achieve) arreglar.
pt & pp swung [swN].
swipe [swaIp] n 1 (blow) golpe m. 2 (ver-
bal attack) ataque m. c o m p swipe card
tarjeta magntica.
P vt 1 pegarle a, darle a. 2 fam (pinch)
birlar, mangar, afanar.
P vi asestar un golpe (at, a), intentar
darle (at, a).
swore
swirl [swl] n 1 (gen) remolino; (of
smoke, cream) voluta; (of skirt) vuelo. 2
(pattern) espiral f.
P vi (whirl) arremolinarse; (person) gi
rar, dar vueltas.
P vt arremolinar.
Swiss [swIs] adj suizo,-a.
P n suizo,-a.
P n pl the Swiss los suizos mpl.
switch [swItS] n 1 elec interruptor m,
conmutador m. 2 us (on railway) agujas
fpl. 3 (change, shift) cambio; (turnaround)
viraje m. 4 (exchange, swap) intercam
bio, trueque m.
P vt 1 (change) cambiar de; (move) tras
ladar; (attention) desviar. 2 (exchange)
intercambiar. 3 (setting) poner; (chan-
nel) cambiar de. 4 (train) desviar, cam
biar de va.
P vi (gen) cambiar (to, a).
a to switch off vt sep (light, TV, etc) apa
gar; (current, gas, electricity) cortar, des
conectar; (engine) parar.
P vi (light, machine, heating) apagarse; (en-
gine) parar; (person) distraerse, desco
nectar, dejar de prestar atencin.
a to switch on vt sep (light, machine, en-
gine) encender; (light, radio, TV) poner.
P vi (gen) encenderse.
a to switch over vi (gen) cambiar (to,
a); (channel) cambiar de canal.
switchboard [swItSbd] n centralita.
Switzerland [swItslnd] n Suiza.
swivel [swIvl] vi girarse, volverse.
pt & pp swivelled (us swiveled), ger
swivelling (us swiveling).
P vt (head) girar; (chair) hacer girar.
c o m p swivel chair silla giratoria.
swollen [swUln] pp swell. S
P adj (ankle, face) hinchado,-a; (glands)
inflamado,-a; (river, lake) crecido,-a.
swoop [swUp] vi 1 (bird) abalanzarse
(down on, sobre), abatirse (down on,
sobre); (plane) bajar en picado. 2 fam
(police) hacer una redada (on, en).
P n 1 (of bird, plane) descenso (en pica
do). 2 fam (by police) redada.
sword [sd] n espada.
swordfish [sdfIS] n pez m espada.
swore [swr] pt swear.
sworn
sworn [swn] pp swear.
swot [swt] n empolln,-ona.
P vi empollar.
pt & pp swotted, ger swotting.
swum [swm] pp swim.
swung [swN] pt & pp swing.
sybarite [sIbraIt] n lit sibarita mf.
syllable [sIlbl] n slaba.
syllabus [sIlbs] n programa m de
estudios.
pl syllabuses o syllabi.
sylph [sIlf] n slfide f.
symbiosis [sImbIUsIs] n simbiosis f.
symbol [sImbl] n smbolo (of, de).
symbolize [sImblaIz] vt simbolizar.
symmetrical [sImetrIkl] adj simtri
co,-a.
symmetry [sImItrI] n simetra.
sympathetic [sImpTetIk] adj 1 (show-
ing pity, compassion) compasivo,-a; (un-
derstanding) comprensivo,-a (to, con);
(kind) amable. 2 (showing agreement, ap-
proval) favorable (to, a).
, Sympathetic no significa 'simptico',
que se traduce por nice.
sympathize [sImpTaIz] vi 1 (show pity,
commiserate) compadecer, compade
cerse ( with, de); (understand) com
prender (with, -). 2 (support - cause)
simpatizar (with, con).
sympathizer [sImpTaIzr] n simpati
zante mf.
sympathy [sImpTI] n 1 (pity, compas-
sion) compasin f, lstima; (condolences)
condolencia, psame m. 2 (understand-
ing) comprensin f; (affinity) afinidad f.
3 (agreement, support) acuerdo.
pl sympathies.
P n pl sympathies (condolences) condo
lencia f sing, psame m sing. (loyalties,
leanings) simpatas fpl, tendencias fpl.
, Sympathy no significa 'simpata
(amabilidad)', que se traduce por pleas-
antness.
symphony [sImfnI] n sinfona. comp
symphony orchestra orquesta sinf
nica.
pl symphonies.
382
symposium [sImpUzIm] n simposio.
pl symposiums o symposia.
symptom [sImptm] n 1 med sntoma
m. 2 (sign) sntoma m, seal f, indicio.
synagogue [sIngg] n sinagoga.
synchronize [sINkrnaIz] vt sincronizar.
syncopation [sINkpeISn] n sncopa.
syndicalism [sIndIklIzm] n sindica
lismo.
syndicalist [sINdIklIst] n sindicalista mf.
syndicate [sIndIkt] n 1 (gen) corpora
cin f, agrupacin f, empresa. 2 (news
agency) agencia (de prensa).
P vt (distribute) distribuir; (publish) pu
blicar.
, Syndicate no significa 'sindicato', que
se traduce por trade union.
syndrome [sIndrUm] n sndrome m.
synonym [sInnIm] n sinnimo.
synopsis [sInpsIs] n sinopsis f, resu
men m.
pl synopses.
syntactic [sIntQktIk] adj sintctico,-a.
syntax [sIntQks] n sintaxis f inv.
synthesis [sInTsIs] n sntesis f inv.
pl syntheses.
synthesize [sInTsaIz] vt sintetizar.
synthesizer [sInTsaIzr] n sintetiza
dor m.
synthetic [sInTetIk] adj sinttico,-a.
Pn fibra sinttica.
syphilis [sIfIlIs] n sfilis f.
Syria [sIrI] n Siria.
Syrian [sIrIn] adj sirio,-a.
Pn sirio,-a.
syringe [sIrIndZ] n med jeringa, jerin
guilla.
P vt med (ear) hacer un lavado de.
syrup [sIrp] n 1 med jarabe m. 2 culin
almbar m.
system [sIstm] n 1 (gen) sistema m: 2
(body) cuerpo, organismo.
systematic [sIstmQtIk] adj sistem
tico,-a, metdico,-a.
systematize [sIstImtaIz] vt sistema
tizar.
systemize [sIstmaIz] vt sistematizar.
systole [sIstlI] n sstole m.

T, t [ti] n (the letter) T, t f.
tab [tQb] n 1 (flap) lengeta; (on can)
anilla. 2 (label) etiqueta. 3 us (bill)
cuenta. 4 (on computer) tabulador m.
table [teIbl] n 1 (gen) mesa. 2 (chart) ta
bla, cuadro. 3 sp clasificacin f. c o m p
table football futboln m. y table of con
tents ndice m de materias. y table
tennis tenis m de mesa, pingpong m.
P vt gb (motion, report, etc) presentar.
P n pl tables tablas fpl de multiplicar.
, Table no significa 'tabla (de madera)',
que se traduce por board, plank.
tablecloth [teIblklT] n mantel m.
tablespoon [teIblspUn] n 1 cucha
rn m. 2 cuchara grande.
tablet [tQblIt] n 1 med pastilla, com
primido. 2 (of soap) pastilla.
tabloid [tQblId] n peridico de for
mato pequeo.
tabulate [tQbjUleIt] vt tabular.
tachycardia [tQkIkAdI] n taquicardia.
tack [tQk] n 1 (nail) tachuela. 2 mar
bordada, viraje m. 3 (approach) tcti
ca. 4 sew hilvn m.
tackle [tQkl] n 1 (equipment) equipo,
aparejos mpl. 2 mar polea, aparejo. 3
sp (football) entrada; (rugby) placaje m.
P vt 1 (deal with - problem) abordar, en
carar; (- task) emprender; (person) ha
blar con. 2 sp (football) entrarle a; (rug-
by) placar.
tact [tQkt] n tacto, discrecin f.
, Tact no significa 'tacto (sentido)', que
se traduce por touch.
tactful [tQktfUl] adj diplomtico,-a.
tactic [tQktIk] n tctica.
tactical [tQktIkl] adj tctico,-a.
T
383
tactics [tQktIks] n pl mil tctica f sing.
tactless [tQktls] adj (person) falto,-a
de tacto, poco diplomtico,-a; (re-
mark, question) indiscreto,-a.
tadpole [tQdpUl] n renacuajo.
Tadzhik [tQdZIk] adj tadjiko,-a.
P n (person) tadjiko,-a.
pl Tadzhik.
Tadzhiki [tQdZikI] n (language) tad
jiko.
Tadzhikistan [tQdZikIstQn] n Tadji
kistn.
tag [tQg] n 1 (label) etiqueta. 2 (phrase)
coletilla. 3 (game) el corre que te pillo.
P vt etiquetar.
Tahiti [thitI] n Tahit.
Tahitian [thiSn] adj tahitiano,-a.
P n 1 (person) tahitiano,-a. 2 (language)
tahitiano.
4 [teIf] n taifa.
tail [teIl] n (gen) cola; (of some four-legged
animals) cola, rabo.
P n pl tails (of coin) cruz f sing.
tailback [teIlbQk] n (traffic jam) carava
na, cola, retencin f.
tailbone [teIlbUn] n cccix m.
tailor [teIlr] n sastre,-a.
Taiwan [taIwQn] n Taiwan.
Taiwanese [taIwQniz] adj taiwans,-esa.
P n taiwans,-esa.
take [teIk] n cinem toma.
P vt 1 (gen) llevar. 2 (remove) llevarse,
quitar, coger. 3 (hold, grasp) tomar,
coger. 4 (accept - money, etc) aceptar. 5
(win prize, competition) ganar. 6 (medicine,
drugs) tomar. 7 (subject) estudiar; (course
of study) seguir, cursar. 8 (bus, train, etc)
tomar, coger. 9 (time) tardar, llevar.
l o c not to take no for an answer no
 take-away
aceptar una respuesta negativa.
y take it or leave it lo tomas o lo de
jas. y to take place ocurrir. y to take sth
for granted dar algo por sentado.
P vi 1 (fire) prender; (cutting) prender;
(seed) germinar. 2 (fish) picar. 3 (in
draughts, etc) comer.
a to take after vi parecerse.
a to take apart vt sep 1 (machine, etc)
desmontar, deshacer. 2 (argument)
echar por tierra.
a to take away vt sep 1 (remove) llevar
se, quitar. 2 (subtract) restar.
P vi (food) llevar.
a to take back vt sep 1 (accept back) reci
bir otra vez, aceptar algo devuelto;
(employee) readmitir. 2 (return) devol
ver. 3 (retract) retirar, retractar. 4 (in
time) hacer recordar.
a to take off vt sep 1 (clothes) quitarse. 2
(remove, detach) quitar, sacar. 3 (force to
go) llevar. 4 (have as holiday) tomarse. 5
(imitate) imitar. 6 (deduct, discount) des
contar, rebajar.
P vi 1 (plane) despegar. 2 (leave hurriedly)
irse, marcharse. 3 (become popular) te
ner xito, ponerse de moda.
a to take over vt sep 1 (country, party, etc)
tomar (posesin de), apoderarse de;
(building) ocupar. 2 (company, business)
absorber, adquirir; (job, post) hacerse
cargo de; (duty, responsibility) asumir.
pt took [tUk], pp taken [tIkn].
take-away [teIkweI] n 1 (food) comi
da para llevar. 2 (restaurant) restau
rante m de comida para llevar.
taken [teIkn] pp take.
P adj (seat) ocupado,-a.
take-off [teIkf] n 1 (aviation) despe
gue m. 2 sp salto.
take-out [teIkaUt] n us (food) comida
para llevar.
takeover [teIkUvr] n 1 pol toma de
posesin. 2 (of company) adquisicin f.
talc [tQlk] n talco.
talcum powder [tQlkmpaUd r] n
polvos mpl de talco.
tale [teIl] n (story) cuento.
talent [tQlnt] n 1 (special ability) talen
to, dotes mpl. 2 (talented people) gente f
384
de talento, gente f dotada. 3 fam (at-
tractive people) gente f guapa.
talented [tQlntId] adj de talento.
talk [tk] vi 1 (gen) hablar (to, con/a).
2 (negotiate) negociar.
P vt hablar (about/of, de).
P n 1 (conversation) conversacin f . 2
(lecture) charla, conferencia.
P n pl talks negociaciones fpl.
a to talk back vi contestar, contestar
de mala manera.
a to talk down vt insep 1 (person) hacer
callar. 2 (aircraft) dirigir por radio.
talkative [tktIv] adj hablador,-ra,
parlanchn,-ina, charlatn,-ana.
tall [tl] adj alto,-a. c o m p tall story
cuento chino.
tallow [tQlU] n sebo.
talon [tQln] n garra.
tambourine [tQmbrin] n pandereta.
tame [teIm] adj 1 (by nature) manso,-a,
dcil. 2 (tamed) domesticado,-a.
P vt domar, domesticar.
tampon [tQmpn] n tampn m.
tan1 [tQn] n 1 (colour) color m marrn
claro. 2 (suntan) bronceado, moreno.
l o c to get a tan ponerse moreno.
P adj marrn claro.
P vt 1 (leather) curtir. 2 (skin) broncear,
poner moreno,-a.
P vi broncearse, ponerse moreno,-a.
pt & pp tanned, ger tanning.
tangent [tQndZnt] n tangente f.
tangerine [tQndZrin] n 1 (fruit) clemen
tina, mandarina. 2 (colour) naranja.
P adj naranja.
tangle [tQNgl] n (confused mass) enre
do, embrollo; (confusion) enredo, lo.
P vt enredar, enmaraar.
P vi enredarse.
tank [tQNk] n 1 (for water) depsito, tan
que m; (for fuel) depsito. 2 mil tanque
m. c o m p think tank grupo de expertos.
tanker [tQNkr] n 1 (ship) buque m cis
terna. 2 (for oil) petrolero. 3 (lorry) ca
min m cisterna.
tanned [tQnd] adj (person) moreno,-a,
bronceado,-a; (leather) curtido,-a.

tantrum [tQntrm] n berrinche m, ra
bieta.
Tanzania [tQnznI] n Tanzania.
Tanzanian [tQnznIn] adj tanzano,-a.
Pn tanzano,-a.
tap1 [tQp] n 1 grifo. 2 (light blow) golpe
cito. 3 (on phone) micrfono de escu
cha. 4 (on barrel) espita; (for gas) llave f.
c o m p tap water agua del grifo.
P vt 1 (strike lightly) dar un golpecito a.
2 (on keyboard) teclear, pulsar. 3 (liquid)
sacar. 4 (resources) explotar, utilizar. 5
(telephone) pinchar, intervenir.
a to tap out vt sep 1 teclear, escribir a
mquina. 2 (in Morse code) enviar.
pt & pp tapped, ger tapping.
, Tap no significa 'tapa', que se traduce
por lid.
tap2 [tQp] n claqu m. comp tap dance
claqu m.
tape [teIp] n 1 (audio, visual) cinta. 2 (re-
corded material) grabacin f. 3 sp cinta
de llegada. 4 (sticky) cinta adhesiva.
c o m p tape measure cinta mtrica. y
tape recorder magnetfono.
P vt 1 (fasten) pegar con cinta adhesi
va. 2 (record) grabar.
tapestry [tQpstrI] n 1 (art) tapicera.
2 (cloth) tapiz m.
pl tapestries.
tar [tAr] n 1 (for roads, in cigarettes) alqui
trn m. 2 (in soap, etc) brea.
P vt alquitranar.
pt & pp tarred, ger tarring.
target [tAgIt] n 1 (of missile, goal, aim)
objetivo. 2 (in shooting, of criticism) blan
co. 3 (board) diana.
P vt 1 (aim at target) apuntar. 2 (cause to
have effect on) dirigir a, destinar a.
P adj (date, figure) fijado,-a; (audience,
market) objetivo.
tariff [tQrIf] n 1 (list of fixed charges) tari
fa. 2 (duty to be paid on imports) arancel m.
P adj arancelario,-a.
tarmac [tAmQk] n 1 asfalto. 2 (area)
pista.
P vt asfaltar.
tarpaulin [tAplIn] n lona.
tarsus [tAss] n anat tarso.
pl tarsi.
385 tax
tart [tAt] adj 1 (sour) acre, agrio,-a. 2
(reply) mordaz, spero,-a, acre.
P n 1 (pie) tarta, pastel m.
a to tart up vt sep (building) renovar, re
modelar; (person) emperifollar.
tartan [tatn] n tartn m.
tartar [tAtr] n 1 (on teeth) sarro. 2 (in
wine) trtaro.
task [tAsk] n tarea, labor f.
Tasmania [tQzmeInI] n Tasmania.
Tasmanian [tQzmeInIn] adj tasma
no,-a.
P n tasmano,-a.
taste [teIst] n 1 (faculty) gusto. 2 (flavour)
sabor m. 3 (small sample) muestra, po
quito; (experience) experiencia. 4 (ability
to make good judgements) gusto; (liking)
aficin f (for, a), gusto (for, por). c o m p
taste buds papilas gustativas.
P vt 1 (try food) probar; (wine) catar, de
gustar. 2 (eat, drink) probar. 3 (experi-
ence) conocer. 4 (perceive flavour) notar.
P vi saber (of/like, a).
tasteful [teIstfUl] adj de buen gusto,
elegante.
tasteless [teIstls] adj 1 de mal gus
to. 2 (insipid) inspido,-a, soso,-a.
tasty [teIstI] adj sabroso,-a, rico,-a.
comp tastier, superl tastiest.
tattoo [ttU] n 1 mil retreta. 2 (on skin)
tatuaje m.
pl tattoos.
P vt tatuar.
pt & pp tattooed, ger tattooing.
taught [tt] pt & pp teach.
taunt [tnt] n mofa, pulla, insulto.
P vt (mock) bufarse de, mofarse de;
(provoke) hostigar, provocar.
Taurus [trs] n Tauro.
T
taut [tt] adj tirante, tenso,-a.
tavern [tQvn] n taberna, mesn m.
tax [tQks] n 1 impuesto, contribu
cin f. 2 fig (burden, strain) carga (on,
sobre), esfuerzo (on, para).
pl taxes.
P vt 1 (impose a tax on - goods, profits) gra
var; (- business, person) imponer contri
buciones a. 2 fig (strain, test) poner a
prueba.
 taxation
taxation [tQkseIS n] n (taxes) impues
tos mpl; (system) sistema m tributario.
tax-deductible [tQksdIdktbl] adj
desgravable.
tax-free [tQksfri] adj libre de im
puestos, exento,-a de impuestos.
taxi [tQksI] n taxi m. c o m p taxi driver
taxista mf.
pl taxis.
taxonomy [tQksnmI] n taxonoma.
pl taxonomies.
taxpayer [tQkspeIr] n contribuyen
te mf.
tea [ti] n 1 (gen) t m. 2 (infusion) infu
sin f.
tea-break [tibreIk] n descanso para
tomar el t.
teach [titS] vt (gen) ensear; (subject)
dar clases. l o c thatll teach you as
aprenders.
P vi ser profesor,-ra, dar clases
pt & pp taught [tt].
teacher [titSr] n maestro,-a, profe
sor,-ra.
teaching [titSIN] n enseanza.
P adj docente. c o m p teaching staff
profesorado.
P n pl teachings enseanzas fpl.
teacup [tikp] n taza para t.
teak [tik] n teca.
team [tim] n 1 (gen) equipo. 2 (of horses)
tiro; (of oxen) yunta.
P adj de equipo.
P vi combinar (with, con).
teamwork [timwk] n trabajo de
equipo.
teapot [tipt] n tetera.
tear1 [ter] n (rip) rasgn m, desgarrn m.
P vt 1 (rip, make a hole) rasgar, desgarrar;
(pull apart, into pieces) romper, hacer pe
dazos. 2 (remove by force) arrancar.
P vi 1 romperse, rasgarse. 2 (rush) ir a
toda velocidad, lanzarse, precipi
tarse. c o m p wear and tear desgaste m.
a to tear apart vt sep 1 (rip up) despe
dazar, desgarrar; (destroy) destrozar.
2 fig destrozar, desgarrar.
a to tear up vt sep (paper) hacer peda
zos; (plant) arrancar de raz.
386
pt tore [tr], pp torn [tn].
tear2 [tIr] n lgrima.
teardrop [tId rp] n lgrima.
tearoom [tirUm] n saln m de t.
tease [tiz] vt 1 (make fun of - playfully) to
mar el pelo a, burlarse de; (- annoyingly,
unkindly) molestar. 2 (wool, etc) cardar.
P vi tomar el pelo.
P n 1 (joker) bromista mf. 2 fam (flirt)
coqueta.
teasel [tizl] n cardencha.
teashop [tiSp] n saln m de t.
teaspoon [tispUn] n cucharilla.
teat [tit] n 1 zool tetilla. 2 (on bottle)
tetina.
teatime [titaIm] n hora del t, hora
de la merienda.
technical [teknIk l] adj tcnico,-a.
c o m p technical college instituto de
formacin profesional.
technician [teknISn] n tcnico,-a.
technique [teknik] n tcnica.
technological [teknldZIk l] adj
tecnolgico,-a.
technology [teknldZI] n tecnologa.
pl technologies.
teddy bear [tedIber] [ also teddy] n
osito de peluche.
tedious [tidIs] adj tedioso,-a, abu
rrido,-a.
teenage [tineIdZ] adj adolescente.
teenager [tineIdZr] n quinceaero,-a.
teens [tinz] n pl adolescencia.
tee-shirt [tiSt] n camiseta.
teeth [tiT] n pl tooth.
teethe [tiD] vi echar los dientes.
teetotaller [titUtlr] n abstemio,-a.
telecommunications [telIkmjUnI-
keISnz] n pl telecomunicaciones fpl.
telegram [telIgrQm] n telegrama m.
telegraph [telIgrAf] n telgrafo.
P vi telegrafiar.
telepathy [tIlepTI] n telepata.
telephone [telIfUn] n telfono. c o m p
telephone box cabina telefnica.
y telephone call llamada telefnica. y
telephone directory listn m telefni

co. y telephone number nmero tele
fnico.
P vt telefonear, llamar por telfono.
P vi hacer una llamada telefnica.
telephonist [tlefnIst] n telefonista mf.
telephoto lens [telIfUtUlenz] n te
leobjetivo.
teleprinter [telIprIntr] n teletipo.
telescope [telIskUp] n telescopio.
telescopic [telIskpIk] adj (aerial)
telescpico,-a; (umbrella) plegable.
televise [telIvaIz] vt televisar.
television [telIvIZn] n 1 (gen) televi
sin f. 2 (set) televisor m.
telex [teleks] n tlex m.
P vt enviar por tlex.
tell [tel] vt 1 (gen) decir. 2 (story, joke)
contar; (truth, lies, secret) decir. 3 (talk
about) hablar de. 4 fml comunicar, in
formar. 5 (distinguish) distinguir.
a to tell apart vt sep (saber) distinguir.
a to tell off vt sep 1 regaar, reir. 2
mil destacar.
a to tell on vt insep (inform on) chivarse de.
pt & pp told [teUld].
teller [telr] n (in bank) cajero,-a.
telling-off [telINf] n fam bronca.
telltale [telteIl] n chivato,-a, acusica mf.
P adj revelador,-ra.
telly [telI] n fam tele f.
pl tellies.
temper [tempr] n 1 (mood) humor m;
(nature) genio. 2 (of metal) temple m.
P vt 1 (metal) templar. 2 fig atenuar.
tempera [tempr] n temple m. c o m p
tempera paints tmperas.
temperate [ t e m p r r I t ] adj (gen)
moderado,-a; (climate) templado,-a.
temperature [temprItSr] n tempe
ratura. l o c to have/run a temperature
tener fiebre.
tempered [tempd] adj templado,-a.
tempest [tempIst] n tempestad f.
template [templeIt] n plantilla.
temple [templ] n 1 (building) templo.
2 anat sien f.
temporary [temprrI] adj temporal.
tempt [tempt] vt tentar.
387 tenth
temptation [tempteIS n] n tentacin f.
loc to yield to temptation caer en la
tentacin.
tempting [temptIN] adj tentador,-ra.
ten [ten] n diez m.
P adj diez.
. Consulta tambin six.
tenable [tenbl] adj 1 (theory, etc) sos
tenible, defendible. 2 (post, office): how
long is the post tenable for? durante cun
tos aos se puede ocupar el puesto?
tenacity [tnQsItI] n tenacidad f.
tenant [tennt] n inquilino,-a.
tend [tend] vt (person) cuidar de, aten
der; (other) ocuparse de.
(have tendency) tender (to, a), tener
P vi
tendencia (to, a).
a to tend to vt insep ocuparse de.
tendency [tendnsI] n tendencia.
pl tendencies.
tender1 [tendr] adj 1 (meat, etc) tierno,
-a. 2 (loving) tierno,-a, carioso,-a. 3
(sore) dolorido,-a. 4 (delicate) delica
do,-a, sensible.
comp tenderer, comp tenderest.
tender2 [tendr] n comm (offer) oferta.
presentar, ofrecer.
P vt
hacer una oferta (for, para).
P vi
tenderness [tendns] n ternura.
tendon [tendn] n tendn m.
tennis [tenIs] n tenis m. c o m p tennis
court pista de tenis. y tennis player
jugador,-a de tenis.
tenon [tenn] n espiga.
P vt despatillar.
tenor [tnr] n tenor m.
tense [tens] adj 1 (anxious) tenso,-a. 2
(taut) tirante, tenso,-a.
P n (of verb) tiempo verbal.
P vt tensar. T
tension [tenSn] n tensin f.
tent [tent] n tienda de campaa.
tentacle [tentkl] n tentculo.
tenth [tenT] adj dcimo,-a.
P adv en dcimo lugar.
P n (fraction) dcimo; (one part) dcima
parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
 tepee
tepee [tipi] n tipi m.
tepid [tepId] adj tibio,-a.
term [tm] n 1 educ trimestre m. 2
(period of time) perodo. 3 (expression,
word) trmino.
P n pl terms (sense) trminos mpl. comm
condiciones fpl, (relations) relaciones fpl.
terminal [tmInl] adj terminal.
P n 1 elec borne m. 2 comput terminal
m. 3 (at airport, etc) terminal f.
terminate [tmIneIt] vt 1 (gen) termi
nar, poner fin a; (contract) rescindir. 2
(pregnancy) interrumpir.
P vi terminarse.
termini [tmInaI] n pl terminus.
terminology [tmInldZI] n termi textbook [tekstbUk] n libro de texto.
nologa.
terminus [tmIns] n trmino.
pl terminuses o termini [tmInaI].
termite [tmaIt] n termita.
terrace [ters] n 1 (of house, caf, bar, etc)
terraza. 2 (on hillside) terraza, bancal m.
P n pl terraces sp gradas fpl.
terraced house [tersthaUs] n casa
adosada.
terrain [treIn] n terreno.
terrible [terIbl] adj 1 terrible, espan
toso,-a. 2 fam (as intensifier) mucho,-a.
terribly [terIblI] adv 1 terriblemente.
2 fam (very) muy.
terrific [trIfIk] adj 1 (wonderful) fabulo
so,-a, estupendo,-a. 2 (huge) tremen
do,-a.
, Terrific no significa 'terrorfico', que
se traduce por terrifying.
terrify [terIfaI] vt aterrar, aterrorizar.
pt & pp terrified, ger terrifying.
terrifying [terIfaIIN] adj aterrador,-ra,
espantoso,-a.
territory [terItrI] n 1 (gen) territorio.
2 (zone) zona, rea.
pl territories.
terror [terr] n 1 (gen) terror m, espan
to. 2 fam (child) diablillo.
terrorism [terrIzm] n terrorismo.
terrorist [terrIst] n terrorista mf.
P adj terrorista.
tertiary [tSrI] adj terciario,-a.
388
test [test] n 1 (trial) prueba. 2 educ (gen)
examen m; (multiple choice) test m. 3 med
anlisis m. c o m p test tube probeta.
P vt probar.
testicle [testIkl] n testculo.
testify [testIfaI] vt jur declarar.
P vi 1 (bear witness) dar fe (to, de). 2 jur
prestar declaracin, testificar.
pt & pp testified, ger testifying.
testimony [testImnI] n testimonio.
pl testimonies.
test-tube baby [testtjUbbeIbI] n ni
o,-a probeta.
tetanus [tetns] n ttanos m inv.
text [tekst] n texto.
textile [tekstaIl] adj textil.
Pn textil m.
texture [tekstSr] n textura.
Thai [taI] adj tailands,-esa.
P n 1 (person) tailands,-esa. 2 (lan-
guage) tailands m.
Thailand [taIlQnd] n Tailandia.
Thames [temz] n el Tmesis m.
than [DQn, unstressed Dn] conj 1 que: he
is taller than you are l es ms alto que t.
2 (with numbers) de: more than fifty ms
de cincuenta. 3 (followed by clause) de lo
que: this is easier than we thought esto es
ms fcil de lo que pensbamos.
thank [TQNk] vt dar las gracias a,
agradecer. l o c no, thank you no, gra
cias. y thank you gracias.
thankful [TQNkfUl] adj agradecido,-a.
thankless [TQNkls] adj ingrato,-a.
thanks [TQNks] interj gracias: thanks to
gracias a. l o c no, thanks no, gracias.
P n pl (gratitude) agradecimiento.
thanksgiving [TQNksgIvIN] n accin f
de gracias. c o m p Thanksgiving Day
Da m de Accin de Gracias.
" Thanksgiving Day (Da de Accin de
Gracias) se celebra en Estados Unidos el
cuarto jueves de noviembre. Recuerda el da
de 1621 en que los colonos ingleses dieron
gracias a Dios por la cosecha que les permi
tira sobrevivir su segundo invierno en el
Nuevo Mundo.

that [DQt unstressed Dt] adj ese, esa; (re-
mote) aquel, aquella.
pl those.
P pron 1 se m, sa; (remote) aqul m,
aqulla. 2 (indefinite) eso; (remote)
aquello. 3 (relative) que. 4 (with preposi-
tion) que, el/la que, el/la cual. loc
that is to say es decir. y thats it 1 (thats
all) eso es todo. 2 (thats right) eso es. 3
(thats enough) se acab. y thats right
as es. y thats that se acab. y whos
that? (on phone) quin es?
pl those.
P adv fam tan, tanto,-a, tantos,-as.
thatch [TQtS] n 1 (straw) paja; (roof) te
jado de paja. 2 (hair) mata.
thaw [T] n deshielo.
P vt (food) descongelar; (snow, ice) de
rretir.
P vi 1 (food) descongelarse; (snow, ice)
derretirse. 2 (person) ablandarse; (rela-
tions) distenderse, mejorar.
a to thaw out vi descongelarse.
P vt sep descongelar.
the [D] [delante de una vocal se pro
nuncia [DI]; con nfasis [Di]] def art 1
el, la; (plural) los, las. 2 (per) por: we are
paid by the hour nos pagan por horas. 3
(emphasis) el, la, los, las: youre not the
Paul Newman, are you? no sers el autnti
co Paul Newman, verdad?
P adv (with comparatives): the more you
have, the more you want cuanto ms se
tiene, ms se quiere.
theater [TIt ] n us theatre.
r
theatre [TItr] n 1 (gen) teatro. 2 med
quirfano. 3 us cine m. 4 (scene of ac-
tion) escenario.
P adj teatral, de teatro.
theft [Teft] n robo, hurto.
their [Der] adj su; (plural) sus: they took
their children and their dog se llevaron a
sus hijos y al perro.
theirs [Dez] pron (el) suyo, (la) suya;
(plural) (los) suyos, (las) suyas: that
house is theirs aquella casa es suya.
them [Dem, unstressed Dm] pron 1 (direct
object) los, las; (indirect object) les; (before
another pronoun) se: the Smiths are coming,
do you know them? vienen los Smith, los
389 thereby
conoces?; take these flowers and give them
to Mary coge estas flores y se las das a
Mary. 2 (with preposition, stressed) ellos,
ellas: dont speak to them no hables con
ellos. 3 fam (used with singular meaning)
lo, la, le: if anyone arrives, tell them to wait
si llega alguien, dile que espere.
thematic [TImQtIk] adj temtico,-a.
theme [Tim] n tema m. c o m p theme
park parque m temtico.
themselves [Dmselvz] pron 1 (subject)
ellos/ellas mismos(as): they made it
themselves lo hicieron ellos mismos. 2
(object) se: they looked at themselves in the
mirror se miraron en el espejo. 3 (after
preposition) s mismos,-as: they are old
enough to look after themselves son lo bas
tante mayores como para cuidar de s
mismos. l o c by themselves solos,-as:
dont leave the children by themselves no
dejes a los nios solos.
then [Den] adv entonces, luego: I was
born in 1963, life was different then nac en
1963, entonces la vida era distinta; Ill
have soup first and then steak primero to
mar sopa y luego un filete.
theology [TIldZI] n teologa.
theorem [TIrm] n teorema m.
theoretic [TIretIk] adj terico,-a.
theoretical [TIretIkl] adj terico,-a.
theory [TIrI] n teora. l o c in theory
en teora.
pl theories.
therapist [TerpIst] n terapeuta mf.
therapy [TerpI] n terapia, teraputi
ca: shes having therapy est recibiendo
terapia.
pl therapies.
there [Der] adv 1 all, all, ah: I often
go there on holiday voy de vacaciones all
a menudo. 2 (in discussion) acerca de T
eso: I agree with you there estoy de acuer
do contigo en eso. l o c there and then
en el momento. y there is/are, etc
be. y there you are aqu tiene. y there
you go ya est.
thereafter [DerQftr] adv a partir de
entonces.
thereby [DebaI] adv por eso, por
ello.
 therefore
therefore [Def ] adv por tanto, por
r
lo tanto, por consiguiente.
thermal [Tml] adj 1 (stream, bath,
spring) termal; (underwear) trmico,-a.
2 phys trmico,-a.
P n corriente f trmica.
thermometer [TemmItr] n term
metro.
thermos [Tms] n termo.
thermostat [TmstQt] n termostato.
thesaurus [TIsrs] n diccionario
ideolgico.
these [Diz] adj estos,-as: these apples
are cheaper than those estas manzanas
son ms baratas que aquellas.
P pron stos,-as: which ones do you pre-
fer? these cules prefieres? stos.
they [DeI] pron 1 (plural) ellos,-as: where
are the children? theyre in the garden
dnde estn los nios? estn en el jar
dn. 2 fam (singular - substitutes he or she)
l, ella: if anyone saw the accident, they
should go to the police si alguien vio el ac
cidente, que vaya a la polica. l o c they
say that se dice que
thick [TIk] adj 1 (solid things) grueso,-a:
its a thick book es un libro grueso. 2 (liquid,
gas, vegetation, etc) espeso,-a. 3 (beard,
eyebrows) poblado,-a. 4 (cloud, smoke, fog,
forest) denso,-a, espeso,-a. 5 (fur, hedge)
tupido,-a. 6 fam (stupid) corto,-a, cor
to,-a de alcances; (unable to think) espe
so,-a. 7 (accent) marcado,-a, cerrado,
-a; (of speech, voice) poco claro,-a.
P adv espesamente, gruesamente.
thicken [TIkn] vt espesar.
P vi espesarse, hacerse ms denso,-a.
thickness [TIkns] n 1 (in size) espesor
m, grosor m. 2 (density - of liquid) espesu
ra; (- of fog) densidad f. 3 (layer) capa.
thief [Tif] n (gen) ladrn,-ona; (mugger)
atracador,-ra.
pl thieves [Tivz].
thieves [Tivz] pl thief.
thigh [TaI] n muslo.
thighbone [TaIbUn] n fmur m.
thimble [TImbl] n dedal m.
thin [TIn] adj 1 (gen) delgado,-a, fino,-a,
2 (liquid - soup, sauce) poco espeso,-a,
390
claro,-a; (- rain) fino,-a. 3 (audience, crowd)
poco numeroso,-a; (response, attendance)
escaso,-a. 4 (voice) dbil. 5 (excuse, argu-
ment) pobre, poco convincente.
comp thinner, superl thinnest.
P adv finamente.
P vt (paint) diluir; (sauce) hacer menos
espeso,-a.
P vi 1 (fog, mist) disiparse. 2 (audience,
crowd, traffic) hacerse menos denso,-a,
disminuir.
a to thin down vi adelgazar.
P vt sep (sauce) hacer menos espeso,-a,
aclarar; (paint) diluir.
a to thin out vt insep (crowd, traffic) mer
mar, disminuir.
P vt sep (crops, plants) entresacar.
thing [TIN] n 1 (object) cosa, objeto. 2
(non-material) cosa. 3 (affair) asunto. 4
(person, creature): you poor little thing! po
brecito! 5 (with negative) nada: I cant un-
derstand a thing youre saying no entiendo
nada de lo que dices.
P n the thing (what) lo que: the thing I like
most in life lo que ms me gusta en la vida.
P n pl things (belongings) cosas fpl, ropa
f sing, equipaje m sing.
think [TINk] vi 1 (gern) pensar. 2 (remem-
ber) acordarse (of, de), recordar. 3
(imagine) imaginarse, pensar.
P vt 1 (gen) pensar. 2 (believe) creer. 3
(remember) recordar, acordarse de.
a to think ahead vi prevenir.
a to think back vi hacer memoria.
a to think out vt sep (consider carefully)
estudiar, pensar bien.
pt & pp thought [Tt].
thinking [TINkIN] n 1 (opinion) opinin
f, parecer m. 2 (thought) pensamiento.
P adj pensante, inteligente.
third [Td] adj tercero,-a. c o m p third
person ling tercera persona.
P adv (in series) tercero, en tercer lugar.
P n 1 tercero,-a. 2 (fraction) tercio; (one
part) tercera parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
third-party [TdpAtI] adj (insurance) a
terceros.

third-world [Tdwld] adj (in general)
del tercer mundo; (pejorative use) ter
cermundista.
thirst [Tst] n sed f.
thirsty [TstI] adj 1 sediento,-a: Im
thirsty tengo sed. 2 (work, etc) que da
sed. 3 fig (eager) ansioso,-a (for, por).
l o c to be thirsty tener sed.
comp thirstier, superl thirstiest.
thirteen [Ttin] n trece m.
P adj trece.
. Consulta tambin six.
thirteenth [TtinT] adj decimoter
cero,-a.
P adv en decimotercero lugar.
P n (fraction) decimotercero; (one part)
decimotercera parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
thirties [TtIz] n pl the thirties los
aos mpl treinta. l o c to be in ones
thirties tener treinta y tantos aos.
. Consulta tambin sixties.
thirtieth [TtIT] adj trigsimo,-a.
P adv en trigsimo lugar.
Pn (fraction) trigsimo; (one part) trig
sima parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixtieth.
thirty [TtI] n treinta m.
P adj treinta.
. Consulta tambin sixty.
this [DIs] adj este, esta: whose is this book?
de quin es este libro?
pl these [Dis].
P pron 1 ste, sta; (indefinite) esto: I pre-
fer this one prefiero ste. 2 (on phone):
this is Laura soy Laura.
pl these [Dis].
P adv tan, tanto,-a: I didnt think it was
this far no crea que fuera tan lejos. l o c
this is (introducing) te presento a.
thistle [TIsl] n cardo.
thoracic [TrQsik] adj torcico,-a.
thorax [TrQks] n trax m inv.
thorn [Tn] n espina, pincho.
thorough [Tr] adj 1 (deep) profun
do,-a, a fondo. 2 (careful) cuidadoso,-a,
391 threat
minucioso,-a. 3 (person) concienzudo,
-a. 4 (utter, complete) total, verdadero,-a.
thoroughgoing [TrgUIN] adj pro
fundo,-a, minucioso,-a.
thoroughly [TrlI] adv 1 (carefully) a
fondo, meticulosamente. 2 (complete-
ly) totalmente, absolutamente.
those [DUz] adj esos,-as; (remote)
aquellos,-as: could you pass me those
plates? me podras pasar esos platos?
P pron sos,-as; (remote) aqullos,-as: if
these are my books, whose are those? si estos
libros son mos, de quin son aquellos?
though [DU] conj aunque, si bien, a
pesar de que: though he doesnt earn
very much, he loves his job aunque no gana
mucho, le encanta su trabajo.
P adv sin embargo, a pesar de todo:
its expensive its worth it though es caro
sin embargo, vale lo que cuesta. l o c
even though como si. y even though
aun cuando, a pesar de que.
thought [Tt] pt & pp think.
P n 1 pensamiento 2 (consideration)
consideracin f. 3 (idea, opinion) idea,
opinin f. 4 (intention) intencin f.
thoughtful [TtfUl] adj 1 (considerate)
atento,-a, considerado,-a. 2 (pensive)
pensativo,-a, meditabundo,-a. 3
(considered) serio,-a.
thoughtless [Ttls] adj 1 (unthinking)
irreflexivo,-a, descuidado,-a. 2 (in-
considerate) desconsiderado,-a, poco
considerado,-a.
thousand [TaUznd] n mil m: there were
thousands of people haba miles de personas.
P adj mil: it costs a thousand euros cuesta
mil euros.
thousandth [TaUznT] adj milsimo,-a.
P adv en milsimo lugar.
P n (fraction) milsimo; (one part) mil T
sima parte f.
thrash [TrQS] vt 1 (beat) azotar. 2 (de-
feat) derrotar, dar una paliza a. 3
(arm, leg, etc) sacudir.
thread [Tred] n 1 sew hilo, hebra. 2 (of
screw, bolt) rosca. 3 (of story) hilo.
P vt 1 (needle) enhebrar. 2 (beads) en
sartar.
threat [Tret] n amenaza.
 threaten
threaten [Tret n] vt amenazar (with/
to, con).
P vi amenazar.
threatening [TretnIN] adj amenaza
dor,-ra, intimidatorio,-a.
three [Tri] n tres m.
P adj tres. c o m p three quarters tres
cuartos. y Three Wise Men los Reyes
Magos.
. Consulta tambin six.
three-dimensional [TridImenSnl]
adj tridimensional.
thresh [TreS] vt trillar.
thresher [TreSr] n (machine) trilladora.
threshold [TreSUld] n 1 umbral m. 2
fig umbral m, lmite m.
threw [Tru] pt throw.
thrill [TrIl] n (excitement) emocin f, ilu
sin f.
P vt (excite) entusiasmar, hacer ilusin
a, ilusionar.
P vi (de excited) entusiasmarse.
thriller [TrIlr] n (novel) novela de sus
penso; (film) pelcula de suspenso;
(play) obra de suspenso.
thrilling [TrIlIN] adj emocionante,
apasionante.
throat [TrUt] n garganta.
thrombosis [TrmbUsIs] n trombo
sis f inv.
throne [TrUn] n trono.
throttle [Trtl] n 1 vlvula regulado
ra. 2 fam acelerador m. l o c at full
throttle a toda mquina.
through [TrU] prep 1 por, a travs de.
2 (because of) por, a causa de. 3 (from
beginning to the end) hasta el final de.
P adv 1 de un lado a otro. 2 (to the end)
hasta el final. 3 gb (on phone) conecta
do,-a. 4 us terminado,-a, acabado,-a.
P adj (train) directo,-a; (traffic) de paso.
throughout [TrUaUt] prep 1 por to
do,-a, en todo,-a. 2 (time) a lo largo de.
P adv 1 (all over) por/en todas partes. 2
(completely) completamente. 3 (time)
todo el tiempo.
throw [TrU] n 1 lanzamiento, tiro. 2
(of dice) tirada, lance m; (in game) juga
da, turno.
392
P vt 1 (gen) tirar, arrojar, lanzar. 2 fig
(kiss) echar, tirar; (glance, look) lanzar,
dirigir.
a to throw away vt sep 1 (get rid of, dis-
card) tirar. 2 (waste) desaprovechar,
perder; (money) malgastar, derrochar.
3 (speech) lanzar al aire.
a to throw back vt sep 1 (ball, etc) de
volver. 2 (bedclothes) echar atrs.
a to throw in vt sep 1 fam (include) in
cluir gratis. 2 sp sacar de banda.
a to throw out vt sep 1 (expel) echar, ex
pulsar. 2 (reject) rechazar. 3 (discard) tirar.
a to throw up vi vomitar, devolver.
pt threw [TrU], pp thrown [TrUn].
throwaway [TrUweI] adj de usar y
tirar.
throw-in [TrUIn] n sp saque m de banda.
thrown [TrUn] pp throw.
thru [TrU] prep-adv us through.
a to thrust on vt sep imponer.
thud [Td] n ruido sordo.
P vi caer con un ruido sordo.
pt & pp thudded, ger thudding.
thumb [Tm] n pulgar m.
P vt hacer autostop.
a to thumb through vt insep hojear.
thumbtack [TmtQk] n us chinche.
thump [Tmp] n (blow) golpe m, pue
tazo; (sound) golpazo.
P vt golpear, pegar un puetazo.
P vi (gen) golpear; (heart) latir con fuer
za; (feet) caminar con pasos pesados.
thunder [Tndr] n trueno.
P vi tronar.
P vt (shout) bramar, rugir.
thunderstorm [Tndstm] n tor
menta.
Thursday [TzdI] n jueves m.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta Saturday.
thus [Ds] adv 1 (in this way, like this) as,
de este modo. 2 (consequently) as que,
por lo tanto, por consiguiente. 3 (to
this extent) hasta.
thwart [Twt] vt desbaratar, frustrar.
thyme [taIm] n tomillo.
thyroid [TaIrId] n tiroides m. c o m p
thyroid gland glndula tiroides.
Tibet [tIbet] n Tbet.
 393
Tibetan [tIbet n] adj tibetano.
Pn 1 (person) tibetano,-a. 2 (language)
tibetano.
tibia [tIbI] n tibia.
tick1 [tIk] n zool garrapata.
tick2 [tIk] n 1 (noise) tictac m. 2 (mark)
marca, seal f.
P vi (clock) hacer tictac.
P vt sealar, marcar.
ticket [tIkIt] n 1 (for transport) billete m. 2
(for concert, cinema, etc) entrada. 3 (for library,
etc) carnet m. 4 (label) etiqueta. 5 (for item
deposited) resguardo. 6 fam (fine) multa.
7 pol lista de candidatos. c o m p ticket
collector revisor,-a. y ticket inspector
revisor,-a. y ticket office taquilla.
tickle [tIkl] n cosquilleo.
P vi (touch lightly) hacer cosquillas; (itch)
picar.
tidal [taIdl] adj de la marea. c o m p tidal
wave 1 (gen) maremoto. 2 fig oleada.
tide [taId] n 1 marea. 2 fig (trend) co
rriente f. c o m p high tide pleamar f.
y low tide bajamar f.
tidy [taIdI] adj 1 (place) ordenado,-a,
bien arreglado. 2 (person - appearance)
arreglado,-a; (- habits) metdico,-a.
comp tidier, superl tidiest.
P n organizador m.
P vt [also tidy up] ordenar.
P vi [also tidy up] poner las cosas en
orden.
a to tidy away vt sep recoger, guardar.
a to tidy out vt sep limpiar, ordenar.
pt & pp tidied, ger tidying.
tie [taI] n 1 (of shirt) corbata. 2 (for fasten-
ing) cierre m. 3 (rod, beam) tirante m. 4
fig (bond) lazo, vnculo: family ties are
strong los lazos del parentesco son fuer
tes. 5 fig (restriction) atadura. 6 sp (draw)
empate m; (match) partido.
P vt 1 (fasten) atar; (knot, bow) hacer. 2
fig ligar, vincular, relacionar. 3 (re-
strict) atar. 4 mus ligar.
P vi 1 (fasten) atarse. 2 sp empatar.
a to tie down vt sep 1 atar, sujetar. 2
(restrict) atar; (commit oneself) compro
meterse.
a to tie up vt sep 1 (fasten) atar; (boat)
amarrar. 2 (link) conectar, ligar, rela
timber
cionar. 3 (occupy) liar, ocupar. 4 fin
(capital) inmovilizar, invertir. 5 (final-
ize) finalizar, concluir, cerrar.
pt & pp tidied, ger tidying.
tier [tI r] n 1 (in stadium) grada. 2 (of
cake) piso. 3 (in hierarchy) nivel m.
tiger [taIgr] n tigre m.
tight [taIt] adj 1 (firmly fastened) apreta
do,-a, duro,-a. 2 (taut) tirante, tenso,
-a. 3 (clothes) ajustado,-a, ceido,-a. 4
(not leaky) hermtico,-a, impermea
ble. 5 (hold) estrecho,-a, fuerte. 6
(packed together) apretado,-a. 7 (strict -
schedule) apretado,-a; (- security)
estricto,-a, riguroso,-a. 8 fam (mean)
agarrado,-a, tacao,-a. 9 fam (drunk)
borracho,-a. 10 (bend) cerrado,-a.
P adv firmemente, fuerte.
tighten [taItn] vt 1 (gen) apretar, ajus
tar; (rope) tensar. 2 (make stricter - security)
hacer ms estricto, reforzar; (- credit)
restringir.
P vi (gen) apretarse; (rope, muscles) ten
sarse.
a to tighten up vt sep intensificar, ha
cer ms estricto,-a.
P vi ponerse ms estricto,-a.
tightrope [taItrUp] n cuerda floja.
c o m p tightrope walker funmbulo.
tights [taIts] n pl 1 (gen) pantys mpl,
medias fpl . 2 (thick) leotardos mpl ,
mallas fpl.
tigress [taIgrs] n tigresa.
tile [taIl] n (wall) azulejo; (floor) baldo
sa; (roof) teja.
P vt 1 (wall) alicatar, poner azulejos a.
2 (floor) embaldosar. 3 (roof) tejar.
till [tIl] prep hasta.
P conj hasta que.
P n (for cash) caja. T
P vt (cultivate) labrar, cultivar.
tiller [tIlr] n caa del timn.
tilt [tIlt] n 1 inclinacin f, ladeo. 2 (with
lance) acometida.
P vt inclinar, ladear.
P vi 1 (slope, shift) inclinarse. 2 (with
lance) acometer.
timber [tImbr] n 1 (wood) madera (de
construccin). 2 (beam) viga. 3 (trees)
 time
rboles mpl maderables. c o m p timber
mill aserradero.
P interj cuidado, que cae!, all va!
time [taIm] n 1 (period) tiempo. 2 (short
period) rato. 3 (of day) hora. 4 (age, peri-
od, season) poca. 5 (occasion) vez f. 6
(suitable moment) momento. 7 mus
comps m. 8 gb la hora de cerrar.
P vt 1 (measure time) medir la duracin
de, calcular; (races, etc) cronometrar. 2
(schedule) estar previsto,-a. l o c (and)
about time ya era hora. y all the time
todo el tiempo. y at any time en cual
quier momento. y at no time nunca. y
at one time en un tiempo. y at the
same time al mismo tiempo. y for the
time being de momento. y from time
to time de vez en cuando. y in time 1
(in the long run) con el tiempo. 2 (not late)
a tiempo. y on time puntual. y time af
ter time una y otra vez. y times up se
acab el tiempo. y to be ahead of ones
time adelantarse a su poca. y to give
sb a hard time ponrselo difcil a algn.
y to have a bad time pasarlas negras. y
to have a good time pasarlo bien. y to
take ones time 1 (not hurry) hacer algo
con calma. 2 (be slow) tardar mucho. y
to tell the time decir la hora.
P n pl times veces fpl. l o c at times a
veces. y to keep up with the times es
tar al da.
timeless [taImls] adj eterno,-a.
timely [taImlI] adj oportuno,-a.
timer [taImr] n temporizador m.
time-share [taImSer] adj (property) en
multipropiedad.
timetable [taImteIbl] n horario.
timid [tImId] n tmido,-a.
timing [taImIN] n 1 (time chosen) mo
mento escogido; (judgement) sentido
de la oportunidad. 2 sp (measurement of
time) cronometraje m.
tin [tIn] n 1 (metal) estao. 2 (can) lata,
bote m. 3 (for baking) molde m.
P vt enlatar.
pt & pp tinned, ger tinning.
tinfoil [tInfIl] n papel m de estao.
tinkle [tINkl] n tintineo.
P vt hacer tintinear.
394
P vi 1 (ring) tintinear. 2 gb fam (urinate)
hacer pip.
tinned [tInd] adj enlatado,-a. c o m p
tinned food comida de lata.
tin-opener [tInUpnr] n abrelatas m inv.
tinsel [tInsl] n espumilln m.
tiny [taInI] adj diminuto,-a.
comp tinier, superl tiniest.
tip1 [tIp] n (gen) extremo, punta, cabo;
(of cigarette) boquilla, filtro. l o c from
tip to toe de pies a cabeza.
tip2 [tIp] n 1 (gratuity) propina. 2 (advice)
consejo, truco; (confidential information)
soplo, confidencia; (prediction) pro
nstico.
P vt 1 (give gratuity to) dar una propina
a. 2 (predict) pronosticar.
tip3 [tIp] n (for rubbish) vertedero, basure
ro; (dirty place) porquera, desorden m.
P vt 1 (lean, tilt) inclinar, ladear. 2 (pour)
verter; (throw) tirar; (empty) vaciar. 3
(rubbish) verter.
a to tip over vi (overturn) volcarse,
caerse; (boat) zozobrar.
P vt sep volcar.
pt & pp tipped, ger tipping.
tipsy [tIpsI] adj achispado,-a, piripi.
comp tipsier, superl tipsiest.
tiptoe [tIptU] vi caminar de punti
llas. l o c on tiptoe de puntillas.
tire1 [taIr] vt cansar.
P vi cansarse (of, de).
a to tire out vt sep agotar.
tire2 [taIr] n us tyre.
tired [taId] adj 1 (weary) cansado,-a. 2
(fed up) harto,-a (of, de). l o c to get
tired cansarse.
tireless [taIls] adj incansable.
tiresome [taIsm] adj molesto,-a,
pesado,-a.
tiring [taIrIN] adj cansado,-a, agota
dor,-ra.
tissue [tISU] n 1 (cloth) tis m. 2 (hand-
kerchief) pauelo de papel, kleenex. 3
biol tejido. c o m p tissue paper papel m
de seda.
title [taItl] n ttulo.
P vt titular.
P n pl titles (film credits) crditos mpl.

titleholder [taItlhUld ] n cam
r
pen,-ona.
to [tU, unstressed t] prep 1 (with place) a:
were going to a concert vamos a un con
cierto. 2 (towards) hacia: the Labour party
has moved to the right el partido laborista
se ha desplazado hacia la derecha. 3 (as
far as, until) a, hasta: from beginning to end
desde el principio hasta el final. 4 (of time)
menos: its ten to two son las dos menos
diez. 5 (with indirect object) a: I showed the
letter to my mother le ense la carta a mi
madre. 6 (indicating comparison) a: I prefer
tea to coffee prefiero el t al caf. 7 prep
(ratio) a: they won by fourteen points to ten
ganaron por catorce puntos a diez. 8 (in
order to) para, a fin de: I worked overtime
to earn some extra money hice horas extras
para ganar ms dinero. 9 (substituting in-
finitive): would you like to dance? -Id love to
te gustara bailar? -me encantara.
P adv (of door) ajustada: push the door to
ajusta la puerta. l o c to and fro ir y venir.
. Cuando se usa con la raz del verbo pa
ra formar el infinitivo no se traduce: I want
to help you quiero ayudarte.
toad [tUd] n sapo.
toadstool [tUdstUl] n hongo vene
noso.
. Toadstool es el nombre en general de
las setas no comestibles, las que s se pue
den comer se llaman mushrooms.
toast [tUst] n 1 (food) pan m tostado,
tostada. 2 (drink) brindis m.
P vt 1 (cook) tostar. 2 (drink) brindar
por, beber a la salud de.
toaster [tUstr] n tostadora.
tobacco [tbQkU] n tabaco.
pl tobaccos o tobaccoes.
tobacconists [tbQknIsts] n estanco.
Tobago [tbeIgU] n Tobago.
toboggan [tbgn] n trineo.
today [tdeI] n hoy m.
P adv 1 hoy. 2 (nowadays) hoy en da.
a to toddle off vi marcharse, irse.
toddler [tdlr] n nio,-a (que empie
za a andar).
395 tomato
toe [tU] n 1 anat dedo del pie. 2 (of
shoe) puntera; (of sock) punta.
toecap [tUcQp] n puntera.
toenail [tUneIl] n ua del dedo del pie.
toffee [tfI] n caramelo.
a to tog out / tog up vt sep vestir.
P vi vestirse.
together [tgeDr] adv 1 (gen) juntos,
-as. 2 (simultaneously) a la vez, al mismo
tiempo. 3 (nonstop) seguido,-a. l o c to
bring together reunir. y to come togeth
er juntarse.y together with junto con.
P adj fam (confident, organized, capable)
seguro,-a de s mismo,-a.
Togo [tUgU] n Togo.
Togolese [tUgliz] adj togols,-esa.
P n togols,-esa.
toilet [tIlt] n 1 (appliance) vter m,
inodoro; (room) lavabo, bao. 2 (pub-
lic) servicios mpl, aseos mpl. 3 (washing)
aseo personal, higiene m personal.
c o m p toilet paper papel m higinico.
toiletries [tIltrIz] n pl artculos mpl
de aseo.
token [tUkn] n 1 (sign, proof) seal f,
prueba. 2 (memento, souvenir) detalle m,
recuerdo. 3 (coupon) vale m. 4 (coin) fi
cha. l o c in token of en recuerdo de.
P adj simblico,-a.
told [tUld] pt & pp tell.
tolerance [tlrns] n tolerancia.
tolerant [tlrnt] adj tolerante (of/
towards, con).
tolerate [tlreIt] vt tolerar, aguantar,
soportar.
toll1 [tUl] n 1 (payment) peaje m. 2 (loss)
mortalidad f, nmero de vctimas
mortales. l o c to take its toll on afec
tar negativamente.
toll2 [tUl] n (of bell) taido. T
P vt taer, doblar.
P vi doblar.
tollgate [tUlgeIt] n peaje m.
tom [tm] n gato (macho).
tomahawk [tmhk] n hacha de
guerra.
tomato [tmAtU, us tmeItU] n to
mate m.
pl tomatoes.
 tomb
tomb [tUm] n tumba, sepulcro.
tombstone [tUmstUn] n lpida (se
pulcral).
tomcat [tmkQt] n gato (macho).
tomorrow [tmrU] n maana.
P adv maana: tomorrow morning/after-
noon maana por la maana/tarde; see
you tomorrow! hasta maana!
ton [tn] n tonelada.
P n pl tons fam montones mpl.
tone [tUn] n tono.
Tonga [tNg] n Tonga.
Tongan [tNgn] adj tongano,-a.
P n 1 (person) tongano,-a. 2 (language)
tongano.
tongs [tNz] n pl tenacillas fpl, pinzas
fpl.
tongue [tN] n 1 anat lengua. 2 (lan-
guage) lengua, idioma m. 3 (of shoe)
lengeta. 4 (of bell) badajo. 5 (of land,
flame) lengua. l o c to stick ones
tongue out sacar la lengua. c o m p
tongue twister trabalenguas m.
tonic [tnIk] n 1 med tnico. 2 mus t
nica. 3 (drink) tnica.
P adj tnico,-a. c o m p tonic water tnica.
tonight [tnaIt] n esta noche f.
P adv esta noche f.
tonne [tn] n tonelada.
tonsil [tnsl] n amgdala.
tonsillitis [tnslaIts] n amigdalitis f.
too [tU] adv 1 (excessively) demasiado. 2
(also) tambin. 3 (besides) adems. 4
(very) muy. l o c too many demasiados,-
as. y too much demasiado,-a.
took [tUk] pt take.
tool [tUl] n (gen) herramienta; (instru-
ment) instrumento.
P vt (book) estampar; (leather) labrar.
P n pl tools (gardening, etc) tiles mpl.
a to tool up vt sep equipar.
toolbar [tUlbAr] n barra de herra
mientas.
toolbox [tUlbks] n caja de herramien
tas.
toolkit [tUlkIt] n juego de herramien
tas.
396
tooth [tUT] n 1 (gen) diente m; (molar)
muela; (front tooth) incisivo. 2 (of comb)
pa. 3 (of saw) diente m.
pl teeth.
toothache [tUTeIk] n dolor m de
muelas.
toothbrush [tUTbrS] n cepillo de dien
tes.
toothless [tUTls] adj desdentado,-a.
toothpaste [tUTpeIst] n pasta de
dientes.
toothpick [tUTpIk] n mondadientes
m inv, palillo.
top1 [tp] n 1 (highest/upper part) parte f
superior. 2 (far end - of street) final m; (- of
table) cabecera. 3 (of mountain) cumbre
m. 4 (of tree) copa. 5 (surface) superficie
f. 6 (of bottle) tapn m; (of pen) capu
chn m. 7 (highest position): she was top of
the class fue la primera de la clase. 8 (of
list) cabeza. 9 (of car) capota. 10
(clothes) top m; (of bikini) parte de arri
ba. 11 (beginning) principio. 12 (gear)
directa.
P adj 1 (highest) de arriba, superior,
ms alto,-a. 2 (best, highest, leading) me
jor, principal. 3 (highest, maximum)
principal, mximo,-a. c o m p top brass
altos mandos mpl. y top gear directa.
P vt 1 (cover) cubrir, rematar. 2 (remove
top of plant/fruit) quitar los rabillos. 3 sl
(kill) cargarse. 4 (come first, head) enca
bezar. 5 (better, surpass, exceed) superar.
pt & pp topped, ger topping.
P n pl tops (of plant) hojas fpl.
top2 [tp] n peonza. l o c to sleep like a
top dormir como un tronco.
topaz [tUpQz] n topacio.
topic [tpIk] n tema m.
, Tpico no significa 'tpico', que se
traduce por commonplace.
topography [tpgrfI] n topografa.
toponym [tpnIm] n topnimo.
topping [tpIN] n (for pizza) ingredien
te m; (for ice-cream) cubierta.
P adj excelente.
topple [tpl] vt 1 (overturn) volcar. 2 fig
(overthrow) derribar, derrocar.

P vi (fall) caerse; (lose balance) tamba
learse, perder el equilibrio.
torch [ttS] n 1 (with naked flame) antor
cha. 2 (electric) linterna.
P vt quemar, prender fuego a.
tore [tr] pt tear.
torment [(n) tmnt; (vb) tment] n
(gen) tormento; (suffering) angustia.
P vt 1 (cause to suffer) atormentar, tor
turar. 2 (annoy) molestar.
torn [tn] pp tear.
tornado [tneIdU] n tornado.
pl tornados o tornadoes.
torpedo [tpidU] n torpedo.
pl torpedos o torpedoes.
torrent [trnt] n torrente m.
torrential [trenSl] adj torrencial.
torso [tsU] n torso.
pl torsos.
tort [tt] n jur agravio.
tortoise [tts] n tortuga (de tierra).
torture [ttr] n tortura.
Tory [trI] n gb conservador,-ra.
pl Tories.
P adj gb conservador,-ra.
toss [ts] n 1 (shake) sacudida, movi
miento. 2 (of coin) sorteo a cara o cruz.
P vt 1 (move, shake) mover, agitar, sacu
dir; (pancake) dar la vuelta a; (salad)
mezclar. 2 (throw) arrojar, lanzar, tirar.
l o c to toss a coin echarlo a cara o cruz.
pt & pp totted, ger totting.
total [tUtl] adj (overall) total; (complete)
completo,-a, rotundo,-a.
P n total m, suma. l o c in total en total.
P vt sumar.
P vi sumar, ascender a.
totalitarian [tUtQlIterIn] adj
totalitario,-a.
totally [tUtlI] adv totalmente, com
pletamente.
totem [tUtm] n ttem m. c o m p to
tem pole ttem m.
touch [ttS] n 1 (gen) toque m; (light
touch) roce m. 2 (detail) detalle m, toque
m. 3 (sense) tacto. 4 (connection) contac
to, comunicacin f. 5 (slight quantity)
poquito, pizca. 6 fam (skill, ability) ha
bilidad f. 7 (manner, style) toque m, se
397 town
llo. 9 sp toque m. l o c to be in touch
with sth estar al corriente de algo. y
to get in touch ponerse en contacto
(with, con).
P vt 1 (gen) tocar; (lightly) rozar. 2 (eat)
probar. 3 (move) conmover. 4 (equal,
rival) igualar.
P vi tocarse.
a to touch down vi 1 (plane) aterrizar.
a to touch on / touch upon vi mencionar.
a to touch up vt sep art retocar.
touching [ttSIN] adj conmovedor,-ra.
touch-screen [ttSskrin] n pantalla
tctil.
tough [tf] adj 1 (strong) fuerte, resis
tente. 2 (difficult) duro,-a, arduo,-a. 3
(rough, violent) violento,-a. 4 (severe)
duro,-a, severo,-a. 5 (meat) duro,-a.
P n tipo duro.
tour [tUr] n 1 viaje m, excursin f. 2
(round building) visita. 3 (by performers)
gira; (cycling) vuelta.
P vt 1 (gen) recorrer, viajar por. 2
(building) visitar. c o m p tour operator
agente m de viajes.
P vi (by performers) hacer una gira.
tourism [tUrIzm] n turismo.
tourist [tUrIst] n turista mf.
P adj turstico,-a. c o m p tourist class
clase f turista. y tourist office oficina
de turismo.
tournament [tUnmnt] n torneo.
tow [tU] vt remolcar.
P n remolque m. l o c on tow de remol
que.
toward [twd] prep us towards.
towards [twdz] prep 1 (in direction of)
hacia. 2 (attitude) con, para con. 3 (pay-
ment) para. 4 (of time) hacia, cerca de.
towel [taUl] n toalla.
tower [taU r] n 1 (gen) torre f. 2 (of T
church) campanario. c o m p tower block
bloque m (de departamentos).
town [taUn] n 1 (large) ciudad f; (small)
poblacin f, municipio, pueblo. 2
(city centre) centro. 3 (people) ciudada
nos mpl, ciudad f.
P adj urbano,-a, municipal. c o m p
town council ayuntamiento. y town
hall ayuntamiento.
 township
township [taUNSIp] n 1 (gen) munici
pio, pueblo. 2 (in South Africa) distrito
segregado.
toxic [tksIk] n txico,-a.
toy [tI] n juguete m.
P adj 1 de juguete. 2 (dog) enano,-a.
c o m p toy shop juguete m.
toyshop [tISp] n juguetera.
trace [treIs] n 1 (mark, sign) indicio, ras
tro. 2 (small amount - material) pizca, ves
tigio; (- non-material) dejo, asomo, no
ta. c o m p trace element oligoelemento.
P vt 1 (sketch) trazar, esbozar. 2 (copy)
calcar. 3 (find) encontrar, localizar;
(follow) seguir la pista de. 4 (describe de-
velopment) describir.
tracer [treIsr] n 1 mil trazadora. 2
med trazador m. c o m p tracer bullet ba
la trazadora.
trachea [trkI] n anat trquea.
tracing [treIsIN] n calco. c o m p tracing
paper papel m de calco.
track [trQk] n 1 (mark) pista, huellas
fpl, rastro; (of wheels) rodada. 2 (of rock-
et, bullet, etc) trayectoria. 3 (path) cami
no, senda, sendero. 4 sp pista. 5 (for
motor-racing) circuito. 6 (of railway) va;
(platform) andn m. 7 (on record, etc) te
ma m, corte m, cancin f. l o c to be on
the right track ir por buen camino. y
to keep track of seguir. c o m p track and
field atletismo.
P vt 1 (person, animal) seguir la pista de.
2 tech seguir la trayectoria de.
a to track down vt sep localizar.
tracksuit [trQksUt] n chndal m.
tract1 [trQkt] n (treatise) tratado; (pam-
phlet) folleto.
traction [trQkSn] n traccin f.
tractor [trQktr] n tractor m.
trade [treId] n 1 (commerce) comercio. 2
(business) negocio; (industry) industria.
3 (occupation) oficio, profesin f.
P adj comercial. c o m p trade gap dfi
cit m comercial. y trade fair feria de
muestras. y trade name nombre m
comercial. y trade union sindicato. y
trade winds vientos mpl alisios.
P vi (do business) comerciar.
P vt (exchange) cambiar.
398
trademark [treIdmAk] n marca regis
trada, marca.
trader [treIdr] n comerciante mf.
tradesman [treIdzmn] n 1 (business-
man) comerciante m; (shopkeeper) ten
dero. 2 (deliveryman) repartidor m.
pl tradesmen [treIdIN].
trading [treIdIN] n comercio.
tradition [trdSn] n tradicin f.
traditional [trdISnl] adj tradicional.
traffic [trQfIk] n trfico.
P adj de la circulacin, del trfico. c o m p
traffic circle us rotonda. y traffic jam
atasco, embotellamiento. y traffic
lights semforo. y traffic warden guar
dia mf de trfico.
P vi traficar (in, con).
" Un traffic warden es un especie de
guardia urbano que vigila que los coches
estn bien aparcados y regula el trfico de
las ciudades.
tragedy [trQdZdI] n tragedia.
pl tragedies.
tragic [trQdZIk] adj trgico,-a.
trail [treIl] n 1 (path) camino, sendero.
2 (track, mark, scent) rastro, pista, hue
llas fpl. 3 (of rocket, comet) cola; (of dust,
vapour) estela; (of blood) reguero.
P vt 1 (follow) seguir la pista de. 2
(drag) arrastrar.
P vi 1 (lag behind) ir rezagado,-a, que
darse atrs. 2 (drag) arrastrarse.
trailer [treIlr] n 1 auto remolque m. 2 us
caravana. 3 cinem triler m, avance m.
train [treIn] n 1 (transport) tren m. 2 (of
dress) cola. 3 (line - of animals) recua;
(- of vehicles) convoy m.
P vt 1 sp entrenar, preparar. 2 (teach)
ensear. 3 (animal) amaestrar, adies
trar. c o m p train driver maquinista m.
y train station estacin f de tren.
P vi 1 sp entrenarse, prepararse. 2
(teach) estudiar. 3 mil adiestrarse.
trained [treInd] adj 1 (worker - skilled) ca
lificado,-a, cualificado,-a. 2 (animal)
amaestrado,-a, adiestrado,-a.

trainee [treIni] n 1 (manual work)
aprend iz,-za. 2 (professional work)
persona que est haciendo prcticas.
trainer [treInr] n 1 sp entrenador,-ra.
2 (of dogs) amaestrador,-ra; (of circus
animals) domador,-ra; (of race horses)
preparador,-ra. 3 (shoe) zapatilla de
deporte.
training [treInIN] n 1 formacin f
(profesional), capacitacin f. 2 sp en
trenamiento, preparacin f fsica.
P vi mil instruccin f.
traitor [treItr] n traidor,-ra.
tram [trQm] n tranva m.
tramcar [trQmkA] n tranva m.
tramp [trQmp] n vagabundo,-a.
, Tramp no significa 'trampa', que se
traduce por trap.
trample [trQmpl] vt pisotear.
P vi pisotear (on/over, -).
trampoline [trQmplin] n cama els
tica.
tranquilliser [trQNkwIlaIzr] n tran
quillizer.
tranquillizer [trQNkwIlaIzr] n tran
quilizante m, calmante m.
transcend [trQnsend] vt 1 (go beyond)
trascender. 2 (surpass) superar.
transept [trQnsept] n crucero.
transfer [(n) trQnsfr; (vb) trQnsfr] n
1 fin transferencia. 2 jur (of property)
traspaso. 3 (of employee) traslado. 4 sp
(of player) traspaso; (player) fichaje m. 5
(drawing) cromo, calcomana. 6 (of air-
line passenger) transbordo, trasbordo.
P vt 1 fin transferir. 2 jur (property)
traspasar. 3 (employee, prisoner) trasla
dar. 4 sp (player) traspasar. 5 (data, in-
formation, phone call) pasar.
pt & pp transferred, ger transferring.
transform [trQnsfm] vt transformar.
P vi transformarse (into, en), conver
tirse (into, en).
transistor [trQnzIstr] n transistor.
transition [trQnzISn] n transicin f.
transitive [trQnsItIv] adj transitivo,-a.
399 trauma
translate [trQnsleIt] vt 1 (gen) traducir
(from, de) (into, a). 2 (express, explain)
expresar. 3 (transform) transformar.
P vi (person) traducir; (word, book, etc)
traducirse.
translation [trQnsleISn] n traduccin f.
translator [trQnsleItr] n traductor,-ra.
translucent [ t r Q n z l U s n t ] adj
translcido,-a.
transmission [trQnzmISn] n transmi
sin f.
transmit [trQnzmIt] vt transmitir (to, a).
pt & pp transmitted, ger transmitting.
transmitter [trQnzmItr] n transmi
sor m.
transparency [trQnsperensI] n 1
(quality) transparencia. 2 (slide) diapo
sitiva; (acetate) transparencia.
pl transparencies.
transparent [trQnspernt] adj 1
transparente. 2 fig claro,-a, evidente.
transplant [ (n) trQnsplAnt ; (vb)
trQnsplAnt] n trasplante m.
P vt trasplantar.
transpor t [ (n) t r Q n s p t ; (vb)
trQnspt] n transporte m.
P vt 1 transportar. 2 hist deportar.
trap [trQp] n 1 (gen) trampa. 2 (vehicle)
coche m ligero de dos ruedas. 3 (of
drain) sifn m. l o c to set a trap tender
una trampa.
P vt 1 (catch - gen) atrapar; (snare - ani-
mal) cazar; (imprison) entrampar; (part
of body) pillar. 2 sp (in football) parar con
el pie. 3 fig (trick) engaar, tender una
trampa a. 4 (heat, light, etc) retener.
pt & pp trapped, ger trapping.
trapdoor [trQpdr] n (gen) trampilla;
(in theatre) escotilln m.
trapeze [trpiz] n (of circus) trapecio.
T
trapezium [trpizIm] n trapecio.
pl trapeziums o trapezia [trpizI].
trapezoid [trQpIzId] n 1 gb trapecio m.
1 us trapezoide
trash [trQS] n basura. comp trash can 1
(on computer) papelera de reciclaje. 2
(for waste) us cubo de la basura.
trauma [trm] n trauma m.
 travel
travel [trQv l] n viajes mpl, viajar m. c o m p
travel agency agencia de viajes. y travel
sickness mareo.
P vt viajar por, recorrer.
P vi 1 (make a journey) viajar; (go) ir. 2
(move, go) ir. 3 (go fast) ir rpido, ir a
toda velocidad. 4 (as salesperson) ser
viajante, ser representante. 5 (wine,
food, etc) poderse transportar.
pt & pp travelled ( us traveled), ger
travelling (us traveling).
P n pl travels (journeys) viajes mpl.
traveler [trQvlr] n us traveller.
traveller [trQvlr] n 1 (gen) viajero,-a.
2 (representative) viajante mf, represen
tante mf. c o m p travellers cheque cheque
m de viaje.
trawler [trlr] n pesquero de arrastre.
tray [treI] n 1 (for food) bandeja. 2 (for pa-
pers) caja, cesta. 3 (in photography) cubeta.
treachery [tretSrI] n traicin f.
pl treacheries.
tread [tred] n 1 (manner or sound of walking)
paso, pasos mpl. 2 (on stair) escaln m.
P vt 1 (gen) pisar, pisotear. 2 (walk on)
andar por; (make) hacer.
pt trod [trd], pp trodden [trdn] o
trod [trd].
treason [trizn] n traicin f.
treasure [treZr] n (gen) tesoro.
treasurer [trZrr] n tesorero,-a.
treasury [treZrI] n tesorera.
pl treasuries.
treat [trit] n 1 (meal, drink) convite m. 2
(present) regalo. 3 (pleasure) placer m,
gusto, deleite m.
P vt 1 (gen) tratar. 2 (invite) invitar; (give)
regalar.
treatment [tritmnt] n 1 med trata
miento, cura. 2 (manner of treating) tra
to. 3 (process) tratamiento.
, Treatment no significa 'tratamiento
(forma de dirigirse alguien)', que se tradu
ce por form of address.
treaty [tritI] n tratado.
pl treaties.
treble [trebl] adj 1 (threefold) triple. 2 mus
de tiple. c o m p treble clef clave f de sol.
P n mus tiple mf.
400
triplicar.
P vt
triplicarse.
P vi
tree [tri] n rbol m.
tree-top [tritp] n copa.
trekking [trekIN] n senderismo.
tremble [trembl] n temblor m.
P vi temblar.
tremendous [trImends] adj 1 (huge)
trem endo,-a, inmenso,-a. 2 fam
(great) fantstico,-a, estupendo,-a.
trench [trentS] n 1 (ditch) zanja. 2 mil
trinchera.
trend [trend] n 1 (tendency) tendencia
(to/towards, hacia), tnica. 2 (fashion)
moda.
trendy [trendI] adj fam moderno,-a,
de moda.
comp trendier, superl trendiest.
trespass [tresps] n 1 entrada ilegal.
2 rel pecado.
P vi 1 (on land) entrar sin autoriza
cin; (in affairs) entrometerse. 2 rel
pecar (against, contra). l o c No tres
passing Prohibido el paso.
, To trespass no significa 'traspasar',
que se traduce por to go through.
trespasser [trespsr] n intruso,-a.
tress [tres] n mechn m.
P n pl tresses melena f sing, cabellera f sing.
trestle [tresl] n caballete m.
trial [traIl] n 1 jur proceso, juicio. 2
(test) prueba. 3 (suffering) afliccin f,
sufrimiento; (trouble) molestia.
P n pl trials sp pruebas fpl.
triangle [traIQNgl] n tringulo.
triangular [traIQNgjUlr] adj triangular.
tribal [tmaIt] adj tribal.
tribe [traIb] n 1 tribu f. 2 fam (family)
tribu f, familia.
tribune [trIbjUn] n 1 arch tribuna. 2
(Roman magistrate) tribuno.
tributary [trIbjUtrI] n afluente m.
pl tributaries.
P adj tributario,-a.
tribute [trIbjUt] n 1 (homage) homena
je m, tributo. 2 (payment) tributo.
triceps [traIseps] n pl trceps m inv.

trick [trIk] n 1 (gen) truco.2 (prank, joke)
broma. 3 (cards won) baza. l o c to play
a trick on sb gastarle una broma a
algn. y trick or treat us frase de los nios
que en Halloween van por las casas pidiendo un
regalo a cambio de no hacer una jugarreta.
P adj de juguete, de mentira.
P vt (deceive) engaar, burlar.
trickle [trIkl] n 1 goteo, hilo. 2 fig pe
quea cantidad f, poco.
P vi 1 (liquid) gotear, salir gota a gota.
2 fig salir (entrar, llegar, etc) poco a poco.
tricky [trIkI] adj 1 (person) astuto,-a. 2
(problem, situation - difficult) difcil; (- deli-
cate) delicado,-a.
comp trickier, superl trickiest.
tricycle [traIsIkl] n triciclo.
trident [traIdnt] n tridente m.
trier [traIr] n persona que se esfuerza.
trifle [traIfl] n 1 (unimportant thing) ni
miedad f. 2 (little money) poco dinero. 3
gb postre de bizcocho. l o c a trifle un poco,
algo.
trigger [trIg ] n 1 (of gun) gatillo. 2 (of
r
camera, machine) disparador m.
trigonometry [trIgnmtrI] n trigo
nometra.
trillion [trIlIn] n 1 billn m. 2 gb (for-
merly) trilln m.
. En el uso actual, tanto en EE UU como en
Gran Bretaa, un trillion equivale al billn
espaol, es decir, un milln de millones.
trim [trIm] adj 1 (neat, tidy) (bien) arre
glado,-a, ordenado,-a, cuidado,-a. 2
(person, figure) esbelto,-a, delgado,-a.
comp trimmer, superl trimmest.
P n 1 (cut) recorte m. 2 (decoration - on
clothes) adornos mpl; (- along edges) ribete
m; (upholstery) tapicera.
P vt 1 (make neat) arreglar; (cut - hair)
cortar, recortar; (- hedge, etc) podar. 2
(reduce by cutting back) recortar, reducir.
3 (decorate) adornar (with, con); (uphol-
ster) tapizar.
a to trim off vt sep recortar, quitar.
pt & pp trimmed, ger trimming.
trimmings [trImINs] n pl 1 culin (ac-
companiments) guarnicin f sing. 2 (deco-
401 trouble
rations) adornos mpl. 3 (after cutting) re
cortes mpl.
Trinidad [trInIdQd] n Trinidad. c o m p
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad y Tobago.
trip [trIp] n 1 (journey) viaje m. 2 (excur-
sion) excursin f.
P vi 1 (stumble) tropezar (over, con). 2
(move lightly) ir con paso ligero.
pt & pp tripped, ger tripping.
tripe [traIp] n 1 culin callos mpl. 2 fam
tonteras fpl, bobadas fpl.
triple [trIpl] adj triple.
triplet [trIplt] n (child) trillizo,-a.
triumph [traImf] n 1 triunfo, xito. 2
(joy) jbilo, alegra.
P vi triunfar (over, de/sobre), vencer.
trivial [trIvIl] adj trivial.
trod [trd] pt tread.
trodden [trdn] pp tread.
troll [trUl] n duende m.
trolley [trlI] n 1 (in supermarket, at air-
port) carro, carrito. 2 (in hospital) cama
con ruedas. 3 (for food) mesita de rue
das. 4 us tranva. c o m p trolley bus tro
lebs mf. y trolley car tranva mf.
trombone [trmbUn] n trombn m.
trophy [trUfI] n trofeo.
pl trophies.
tropic [trpIk] n trpico.
Pn pl the tropics los trpicos mpl.
tropical [trpIkl] adj tropical.
tropism [trpIzm] n tropismo.
troposphere [trpsfIr] n troposfera.
trot [trt] n trote m.
P vi (gen) trotar, ir al trote; (on horse)
cabalgar al trote.
pt & pp trotted, ger trotting.
P n pl the trots fam diarrea f sing.
trouble [trbl] n 1 (problems) problema
m, problemas mpl. 2 (inconvenience, both- T
er) molestia, esfuerzo. 3 (unrest, distur-
bance) conflictos mpl, disturbios mpl.
l o c to be in trouble tener problemas. y
to get in trouble meterse en un lo.
P vt 1 (cause worry, distress) preocupar,
inquietar. 2 (hurt) dar problemas a,
doler. 3 (bother) molestar, incomodar.
P vi molestarse, preocuparse (about,
por).
 troublemaker
troublemaker [trb
lmeIk ] n albo
r
rotador,-ra.
trough [trf] n (for drinking) abrevade
ro; (for eating) comedero, pesebre m.
trousers [traUzz] n pl pantaln m sing,
pantalones mpl.
trout [traUt] n trucha.
trowel [traUl] n 1 (bricklaying tool) pale
ta. 2 (garden tool) desplantador m.
truant [trUnt] n (from school) persona
que hace novillos. l o c to play truant
hacer novillos.
truce [trUs] n tregua.
truck [trk] n 1 (lorry) camin m. 2 gb
(railway wagon) vagn m.
trucker [trkr] n us camionero,-a.
true [trU] adj 1 (not false) verdadero,-a,
cierto,-a. 2 (genuine, real) autntico,-a,
genuino,-a, real. 3 (faithful) fiel, leal. 4
(exact) exacto,-a. l o c to come true ha
cerse realidad.
P adv 1 (truthfully) sinceramente. 2 (ac-
curately) bien.
truffle [trfl] n trufa.
truly [trUlI] adv 1 (really) verdadera
mente, de verdad, realmente. 2 (sin-
cerely) sinceramente. 3 (faithfully) fiel
mente, lealmente. l o c yours truly (in
letters) atentamente.
a to trump up vt sep inventar, falsificar.
trumpet [trmpIt] n mus trompeta.
P vi 1 fanfarronear. 2 (elephant) barritar.
truncheon [trntSn] n porra (de polica). tuft [tft] n 1 (of feathers) penacho. 2 (of
trunk [trNk] n 1 (of tree, body) tronco. 2
(large case) bal m. 3 (elephants) trom
pa. 4 us (of car) maletero.
trunks [trNks] n pl baador m sing (de
hombre).
trust [trst] n 1 (confidence) confianza.
2 (responsibility) responsabilidad f. 3 fin
(money, property) fondo de inversin.
P vt 1 (have faith in, rely on) confiar en,
fiarse de. 2 (hope, expect) esperar.
P vi confiar (in, en), tener confianza
(in, en).
trustful [trstfUl] adj confiado,-a.
trustworthy [trstwDI] adj 1 (person)
digno,-a de confianza, honrado,-a.
2 (news, etc) fidedigno,-a.
402
truth [trUT] n verdad f.
truthful [trUTfUl] adj 1 (account, etc) verdi
co,-a, veraz. 2 (person) sincero,-a, veraz.
try [traI] n 1 intento. 2 sp (rugby) ensayo.
pl tries.
P vt 1 (attempt) intentar. 2 (test, use) pro
bar, ensayar; (food) probar. 3 jur juz
gar, procesar.
P vi (make an attempt) intentar.
a to try for vi tratar de obtener.
a to try on vt sep (clothes) probarse.
a to try out vt sep probar, ensayar.
pt & pp tried, ger trying.
tsar [zAr] n zar m.
tsarina [zArin] n zarina.
tsetse fly [tsetsIflaI] n mosca tsets.
T-shirt [tiSt] n camiseta.
tub [tb] n 1 (for washing clothes) balde m. 2
(bath) baera. 3 (food container) tarrina.
tuba [tjUb] n tuba.
tube [tjUb] n 1 (pipe, container) tubo. 2
auto cmara de aire.
Pn the tube la televisin f.
P n the Tube (underground) el metro.
" The Tube es el nombre con el que se
conoce al metro de Londres.
tuck [tk] n 1 (fold) pliegue m. 2 gb (sweets,
etc) golosinas fpl, chucheras fpl.
Tuesday [tjUzdI] n martes m inv.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta Saturday.
hair) mechn m. 3 (of grass) mata.
tug [tg] n 1 (pull) tirn m, estirn m. 2
(boat) remolcador m.
P vt 1 (pull) tirar de, dar un estirn de.
2 (boat) remolcar.
pt & pp tugged, ger tugging.
P vi tirar (at, de).
pt & pp tugged, ger tugging.
tuition [tjUISn] n enseanza, instruc
cin f. c o m p private tuition clases fpl par
ticulares. y tuition fees educ matrcula.
tulip [tjUlIp] n tulipn m.
tumble [tmbl] n cada, tumbo. c o m p
tumble drier secadora.
P vi 1 (fall) caerse. 2 (in acrobatics) dar
volteretas.

tumbler [tmb l ] n 1 (glass) vaso. 2 (ac-
r P vt 1 (rotate) girar, hacer girar. 2 (page)
robat) volteador,-ra. 3 (toy) tentetieso.
tummy [tmI] n barriga.
pl tummies.
tumor [tjUmr] n us tumour.
tumour [tjUmr] n barriga.
tuna [tjUn] n atn m, bonito.
pl tuna o tunas.
tune [tjUn] n meloda. l o c in tune afi
nado,-a. y out of tune desafinado,-a.
P vt 1 mus afinar. 2 (radio, etc) sintoni
zar. 3 (engine) poner a punto.
tuner [tjUnr] n 1 (of piano) afinador,
-ra. 2 (on radio) sintonizador m.
tungsten [tNstn] n tungsteno.
tunic [tjunIk] n tnica.
tuning [tjUnIN] n 1 (of instrument) afina
cin f. 2 (of radio) sintonizacin f. 3 (of
engine) puesta a punto. c o m p tuning
fork diapasn m.
Tunis [tjUnIs] n Tnez.
Tunisia [tjUnIsI] n Tnez.
Tunisian [tjUnsIn] adj tunecino,-a.
P n tunecino,-a.
tunnel [tnl] n tnel m.
P vt excavar un tnel.
pt & pp tunnelled (us tunneled), ger
tunnelling (us tunneling).
turban [tbn] n turbante m.
turbojet [tbUdZet] n turborreactor m.
turbot [tbt] n rodaballo.
pl turbot o turbots.
turbulence [tbjUlns] n turbulencia.
turf [tf] n csped m. c o m p the turf las
carreras de caballos, el turf m.
a to turf out vt sep fam poner de pati
tas en la calle, echar.
Turk [tk] n (person) turco,-a.
Turkey [tkI] n Turqua.
turkey [tkI] n pavo. l o c to talk tur
key hablar a las claras.
Turkish [tkIS] adj turco,-a.
Pn (language) turco.
Pn pl the Turkish los turcos mpl.
turn [tn] n 1 (gen) vuelta. 2 (change of direc-
tion) giro, vuelta; (bend) curva, recodo. 3
(chance, go) turno. 4 (change) cambio, giro.
l o c to turn a corner doblar la esquina.
403 turnover
pasar, volver; (soil) revolver; (ankle)
torcer. 3 (change) convertir, transfor
mar; (milk) agriar; (stomach) revolver.
P vi 1 (revolve) girar, dar vueltas. 2
(change direction - person) girarse, vol
verse. 3 (become) hacerse, ponerse,
volverse; (milk) agriarse, cortarse.
a to turn back vt sep 1 (make return) ha
cer volver. 2 (clock) retrasar.
P vi (return) volverse atrs.
a to turn down vt sep 1 (reject) recha
zar; (request) denegar. 2 (radio, etc) ba
jar. 3 (fold) doblar.
a to turn into vt sep convertir.
a to turn off vt sep 1 (electricity) desco
nectar; (light, gas, appliance) apagar; (tap)
cerrar. 2 (dislike) repugnar, dar asco a.
P vt insep (off road) salir de.
P vi 1 (switch off) apagarse. 2 (off road) salir.
a to turn on vt sep 1 (electricity) conec
tar; (light, gas, appliance) encender; (tap)
abrir; (engine) poner en marcha, en
cender. 2 (attack) atacar, arremeter
contra; (aim, point at) apuntar, dirigir.
3 fam (excite) excitar, entusiasmar.
P vt insep (hinge on) depender de, girar
en torno a.
P vi encenderse.
a to turn out vt sep 1 (light) apagar. 2
(produce) producir, fabricar. 3 (empty)
vaciar; (cake, jelly, etc) desmoldar. 4
(expel) expulsar, echar.
P vi 1 (prove to be, happen) salir, resultar.
2 (go out) salir; (attend) asistir, acudir;
(crowds) salir a la calle.
a to turn round vi dar la vuelta.
a to turn up vi (arrive) llegar, presen
tarse; (appear) aparecer.
P vt sep 1 (fold upwards) doblar hacia
arriba, levantar; (shorten) acortar. 2
(radio, gas, heat, etc) subir. T
P vt insep (find) descubrir, encontrar.
turnabout [tnbaUt] n giro, cambio.
turning [tnIN] n bocacalle f, esqui
na. c o m p turning lathe torno.
turnip [tnIp] n nabo.
turnover [tnUvr] n 1 (sales, business)
facturacin f. 2 (movement of employees)
movimiento; (of stock) rotacin f. 3
culin pastelito relleno.
 turnpike
turnpike [tnpaIk] n us autopista de
peaje.
turquoise [tkwIz] n 1 (gem) turque
sa. 2 (colour) azul m turquesa.
P adj azul turquesa.
turtle [ttl] n tortuga marina.
tusk [tsk] n colmillo.
tutor [tjUtr] n 1 (private teacher) profe
sor,-ra particular. 2 (at university) pro
fesor,-ra, tutor,-ra.
P vt dar clases particulares a (in, de).
Tuvalu [tUvlU] n Tuvalu.
tuxedo [tksidU] n us esmoquin m.
pl tuxedos.
TV [tbjUlns] abbr (television) televi
sin f, tele f.
tweezers [twizz] n pl pinzas fpl.
twelfth [twelfT] adj duodcimo,-a.
P adv en duodcimo lugar.
P n (fraction) duodcimo; (one part)
duodcima parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixth.
twelve [twelv] n doce m.
P adj doce.
. Consulta tambin six.
twenties [twentIz] n pl the twenties
los aos mpl veinte. l o c to be in ones
twenties tener veintitantos aos.
. Consulta tambin sixties.
twentieth [twentIT] adj vigsimo,-a.
P adven vigsimo lugar.
Pn(fraction) vigsimo; (one part) vigsi
ma parte f.
. Consulta tambin sixtieth.
twenty [twentI] n veinte m.
P adj veinte.
. Consulta tambin sixty.
twice [twaIs] adv dos veces. l o c twice
over dos veces.
twig1 [twIg] n ramita.
twilight [twaIlaIt] n crepsculo.
twin [twIn] n gemelo,-a, mellizo,-a.
P adj gemelo,-a, mellizo,-a. c o m p
twin bed cama doble.
P vt hermanar.
pt & pp twinned, ger twinning.
404
twinkle [twINkl] n 1 (of light, stars) cen
telleo. 2 (in eye) brillo.
P vi 1 (lights, stars) centellear, destellar.
2 (eyes) brillar.
twirl [twl] n giro, vuelta.
P vt 1 girar rpidamente, dar vueltas
a. 2 (twist, fiddle with) retorcer, jugue
tear con.
P vi girar rpidamente, dar vueltas.
twist [twIst] n 1 (in road) recodo, vuel
ta. 2 (action) torsin m. 3 med torcedu
ra, esguince m. 4 (dance) twist m.
P vt 1 (sprain) torcer. 2 (screw, coil) retor
cer. 3 (turn, wind) girar, dar vueltas a.
P vi 1 (turn) girarse. 2 (wind, coil) enros
carse, enrollarse. 3 (road) serpentear.
twitch [twItS] n 1 (pull) tirn m. 2 (nerv-
ous tic) tic m nervioso.
P vt mover.
P vi moverse nerviosamente.
twitter [twItr] n gorjeo.
P vt gorjear.
two [tU] n dos m. l o c in two por la mi
tad. y in twos de dos en dos. y it takes
two es cosa de dos. y to put two and two
together atar cabos. y that makes two of
us ya somos dos.
P adj dos.
tycoon [taIkUn] n magnate m.
type [taIp] n 1 (kind) tipo, clase f. 2 (let-
ter) letra, carcter m.
P vt & vi escribir a mquina.
a to type up vt sep pasar a mquina.
, Type no significa 'tipo (persona)', que
se traduce por guy.
typewriter [taIpraItr] n mquina de
escribir.
typhoid [taIfId] n fiebre f tifoidea.
typhus [taIfs] n tifus m.
typical [tIpUkl] adj tpico,-a.
typing [taIpIN] n mecanografa.
typist [taIpIst] n mecangrafo,-a.
tyranny [tIrnI] n tirana.
pl tyrannies.
tyrant [taIrnt] n tirano,-a.
tyre [taIr] n neumtico.
Tyrrhenian [tIrinIn] adj tirreno,-a. c o m p
the Tyrrhenian Sea el (mar) m Tirreno.
tzar [zAr] n zar m, czar m.

U, u [jU] n (the letter) U, u f.
udder [dr] n ubre f.
UFO [juefU] abbr (unidentified flying
object) ovni m f, objeto volador no
identificado.
Uganda [jUgQnd] n Uganda.
Ugandan [jUgQndn] adj ugands,
-esa.
P n ugands,-esa.
ugly [glI] adj 1 feo,-a. 2 (situation, etc) de
sagradable. 3 (custom, vice) repugnante.
comp uglier, superl ugliest.
Ukraine [jUkreIn] n Ucrania.
Ukranian [jUkeInIn] adj ucrania
no,-a.
P n 1 (person) ucraniano,-a. 2 (language)
ucraniano.
ulcer [lsr] n 1 (external) llaga. 2 (in
stomach) lcera.
ulna [lna] n cbito.
pl ulnae [lni].
ultimate [ltImt] adj 1 (final) final. 2
(basic) esencial, fundamental.
P n the ultimate (good) el ltimo grito;
(bad) el colmo.
, Ultimate no significa ltimo', que se
traduce por last.
ultrasound [ltrsaUnd] n ultrasoni
do.
ultraviolet [ltrvaIlt] adj ultravio
leta.
umbilical [mbIlIk l] adj umbilical.
comp umbilical cord cordn m umbi
lical.
umbrella [mbrel] n 1 paraguas m. 2
fig (protection) manto f; (patronage) pa
trocinio.
umpire [mpaIr] n rbitro,-a.
U
405
P vt arbitrar.
. El trmino umpire se emplea sobre
todo para hablar de rbitros de deportes
como el cricket o el tenis. La palabra usual
para rbitro es referee.
unable [neIbl] adj incapaz.
unacceptable [nkseptbl] adj in
aceptable, inadmisible.
unaccountable [nkaUntb l] adj
inexplicable.
unaccustomed [nkstmd] adj de
sacostumbrado,-a.
unaffected [nfektId] adj 1 (un-
changed) no afectado,-a. 2 (for person)
afable, campechano. 3 (indifferent) in
mutable. 4 (style) llano,-a.
unanimous [jUnQnIms] adj unnime.
unashamed [nSeImd] adj descara
do,-a.
unattended [ntendId] adj 1 (children)
s i n v i g i l a r. 2 (not looked after)
desatendido,-a. 3 (alone) solo,-a.
unavailable [nveIlbl] adj 1 no dis
ponible. 2 (busy) ocupado,-a. 3 (out of
print) agotado,-a. 4 (not for sale) que no
est en venta.
unaware [nwer] adj ignorante, in
consciente.
unbearable [nberbl] adj inaguan
table, insoportable, intolerable.
unbeatable [nbitbl] adj 1 (competi-
tion) invencible. 2 (price, quality) insu
perable, inigualable, inmejorable.
unbelievable [nbIlivbl] adj increble.
unbiased [nbaIst] adj imparcial.
unbiassed [nbaIst] adj unbiased.
 unblock
unblock [nblk] vt 1 (pipe, drain) de
satascar. 2 (street, road) desobstruir. 3
(nose) destaponar.
unbreakable [nbreIkbl] adj 1 irrom
pible. 2 fig inquebrantable. 3 (horse)
indomable.
unbutton [nbtn] vt desabrochar.
P vi fam relajarse.
uncertain [nstn] adj 1 (not certain)
incierto,-a, dudoso,-a. 2 (unspecified)
indeterminado,-a. 3 (indecisive)
indeciso,-a. 4 (changeable) variable.
unchanged [ntSeIndZd] adj igual, sin
alterar.
unchecked [ntSekt] adj 1 no com
probado,-a. 2 (unrestrained) libre, li
bremente.
uncivilized [nsIvlaIzd] adj 1 (tribe) sal
vaje. 2 (not cultured) inculto,-a. 3 fig po
co ortodoxo,-a.
uncle [nkl] n to.
unclear [nklIr] adj confuso,-a.
uncoil [nkIl] vt desenrollar.
P vi 1 (snake) desenroscarse. 2 (rope)
desenrollarse.
uncomfortable [nkmf tb l] adj 1
(physical) incmodo,-a. 2 (worrying) in
quietante. 3 (unpleasant) desagradable.
uncommon [nkmn] adj 1 (rare) po
co comn. 2 (strange) inslito,-a; (unu-
sual) extraordinario,-a. 3 (excessive)
desmesurado,-a.
unconcerned [nknsnd] adj des
preocupado, indiferente.
unconscious [nknSs] adj 1 med in
consciente. 2 (unaware) inconsciente.
3 (not on purpose) involuntario,-a.
P n the unconscious el inconsciente.
, Unconscious no significa 'incons
ciente (irresponsable)', que se traduce por
thoughtless.
uncontrollable [nkntrUlbl] adj 1
(general) incontrolable. 2 (people) ingo
bernable. 3 (desire) irresistible. 4
(child) indisciplinado,-a.
uncountable [nkaUntbl] adj incon
table.
uncover [nkvr] vt 1 destapar. 2 (se-
cret) revelar, descubrir.
406
unction [NkSn] n 1 rel (act, ointment)
uncin f. 2 (balm) ungento.
uncultivated [nkltIveItId] adj 1
(land) yermo,-a, baldo,-a. 2 (person)
inculto,-a.
undamaged [ndQmIdZd] adj 1 (goods)
sin desperfectos, intacto,-a. 2 (per-
son) indemne, ileso,-a.
undefeated [ndIfitId] adj invicto,-a.
undeniable [ndInaIbl] adj innegable.
under [ndr] prep 1 (below) bajo, debajo
de. 2 (less than) menos de. 3 (controlled, af-
fected, influenced by) bajo. 4 (suffering, subject
to) bajo. 5 (according to) conforme a, se
gn. 6 (known by) con, bajo.
P adv 1 (below) debajo. 2 (less) menos.
undercarriage [ndkQrIdZ] n tren m
de aterrizaje.
underclothes [ndklUDz] n pl ropa f
sing interior.
undercover [ndkvr] adj clandesti
no,-a, secreto,-a,.
P adv en la clandestinidad.
underdeveloped [nddIvelpt] adj 1
subdesarrollado,-a. 2 (of photo) insufi
cientemente revelado,-a.
underestimate [(n) ndrestImt; (vb)
ndrestImeIt] n menosprecio.
P vt infravalorar, subestimar.
undergo [ndgeU] n cbito.
pt underwent [ndwent], pp un-
dergone [ndgn].
undergone [ndgn] pp undergo.
underground [ (adj-n) ndgraUnd ;
(adv) ndgraUnd] adj 1 subterrneo,
-a. 2 fig clandestino,-a. 3 fig (cinema,
music) underground.
1 (railway) metro. 2 (resistance) re
Pn
sistencia.
P adv 1 bajo tierra. 2 fig (secretly) en la
clandestinidad, clandestinamente.
undergrowth [ndgrUT] n maleza,
monte m bajo.
underline [ndlaIn] vt subrayar.
underneath [ndniT] prep bajo, de
bajo de.
P adv abajo, debajo, por debajo.
P adj de abajo, inferior.
P n parte f inferior, fondo.

undernourished [ndnrISt] adj des
nutrido,-a, subalimentado,-a.
underpants [ndpQnts] n pl calzon
cillos mpl, eslip m sing.
understand [ndstQnd] vt 1 enten
der. 2 (believe) tener entendido. 3 (to
get on with sb) entenderse. 4 (take for
granted) sobreentender.
pt & pp understood [ndstUd].
understanding [ndstQndIN] n
comprensin.
understatement [ndsteItmnt] n
eufemismo.
understood [ndstUd] pt & pp un
derstand.
undertake [ndteIk] vt (take on - job,
task) emprender; (- responsibility) asumir.
P vi (promise) comprometerse (to, a).
pt undertook [ndtUk], pp under-
taken [ndteIkn].
undertaken [ndteIkn] pp under
take.
undertaker [ndteIkr] n empresa
rio,-a de pompas fnebres.
Pn pl (undertakers) funeraria, pompas
fpl fnebres.
undertook [ndtUk] pt undertake.
undervalue [ndvQljU] vt subvalorar.
underwater [ndwtr] adj subma
rino,-a, subacutico,-a.
P adv bajo el agua.
underwear [ndwr] n ropa inte
rior.
underwent [ndwent] pt undergo.
underworld [ndwld] n (of crimi-
nals) hampa, bajos fondos mpl ,
inframundo.
undesirable [ndIzaIrbl] adj inde
seable.
P n indeseable mf.
undetermined [ndItmaInd] adj in
determinado,-a, indefinido,-a.
undid [ndId] pt undo.
undisputed [ndIspjUtId] adj 1 (un-
questionable) indiscutible, incuestio
nable. 2 (unchallenged) incontestable.
undo [ndU] vt 1 (knot) deshacer, des
atar. 2 (button) desabrochar. 3 (arrange-
407 unfavourable
ment) anular. 4 (destroy) deshacer, des
truir. 5 (to set right) enmendar, reparar.
pt undid [ndId], pp undone [ndn].
undone [ndn] pp undid.
P adj (incomplete) inacabado,-a.
undoubted [ndaUtId] adj indudable.
undress [ndres] vt desnudar.
P vi desnudarse.
undrinkable [ndrInkbl] adj imbe
bible.
uneasy [nizI] adj 1 (worried) intran
quilo,-a, inquieto,-a, preocupa
do,-a; (disturbing) inquietante. 2 (an-
noying) incmodo,-a.
comp uneasier, superl uneasiest.
unemployed [nImplId] adj parado,
-a, sin trabajo, en paro.
unemployment [nImplImnt] n 1
paro, desempleo. 2 (percentage) n
mero de parados.
unequal [nikwl] adj 1 (not the same) des
igual, distinto,-a; (pulse) irregular. 2 (not
adequate) poco apto, inadecuado,-a.
unequivocal [nIkwIvkl] adj inequ
voco,-a, claro,-a.
uneven [nivn] adj 1 (not level) des
igual; (bumpy) accidentado,-a. 2 (vary-
ing) irregular, variable. 3 (road) lleno,
-a de baches. 4 (unfairly matched)
desigual. 5 math impar.
unexpected [nIkspektId] adj 1 ines
perado,-a. 2 (event) imprevisto,-a.
unfair [nfer] adj injusto,-a.
unfaithful [nfeITfUl] adj 1 (husband,
wife) infiel. 2 (friend) desleal.
unfamiliar [nfmIlIr] adj (unknown)
desconocido,-a.
unfashionable [nfQSnbl] adj (fash-
ion, trends, etc) pasado,-a de moda;
(ideas, measures) poco popular.
unfasten [nfAsn] vt 1 (vest, button)
desabrochar. 2 (untie) desatar. 3 (open)
U
abrir.
unfavorable [nfeIv rb l] adj us
unfavourable.
unfavourable [nfeIvrbl] adj 1 (gen)
desfavorable; (criticism) adverso,-a. 2
(winds) contrario,-a.
 unfinished
unfinished [nfInISt] adj inacabado,
-a, incompleto,-a, sin acabar.
unfit [nfIt] adj 1 (person) no apto,-a,
incapaz. 2 (physically) incapacitado,-
a, intil. 3 (injured) lesionado,-a. 4 (in-
competent) incompetente. l o c to be
unfit no estar en forma.
unfold [nfUld] vt 1 (paper) desplegar;
(sheet) desdoblar. 2 (newspaper) abrir;
(map) extender. 3 (outline) exponer;
(reveal) revelar. 4 (secret) descubrir.
P vi 1 (open up) desdoblarse; (landscape)
extenderse. 2 (ideas, etc) desarrollar
se. 3 (secret) descubrirse, revelarse.
unforgettable [nfgetbl] adj inol
vidable.
unfortunate [nftSnt] adj 1 (person,
event) desgraciado,-a. 2 (remark) desa
fortunado,-a.
unfriendly [nfrendlI] adj poco amis
toso,-a, antiptico,-a, hostil.
comp unfriendlier, superl unfriendliest.
unfulfilled [nfUlfIld] adj 1 (not carried out)
incumplido,-a, frustrado,-a. 2 (not sat-
isfied) insatisfecho,-a. 3 (ambition)
frustrado,-a; (dream) irrealizado,-a.
ungrateful [ngreItfUl] adj 1 (unthank-
ful) desagradecido,-a. 2 (thankless)
ingrato,-a.
unhappy [nhQpI] adj 1 (sad) infeliz.
2 (miserable) desdichado,-a. 3 (unsuita-
ble) desafortunado,-a, poco
afortunado,-a.
comp unhappier, superl unhappiest.
unharmed [nhAmd] adj ileso,-a.
unhealthy [nhelTI] adj 1 (place) mal
sano,-a, insalubre. 2 (ill) enfermizo,
-a, enfermo,-a. 3 fig (unnatural)
morboso,-a, malsano,-a.
comp unhealthier, superl unhealthi-
est.
unhelpful [nhelpfUl] adj (advice) in
til, vano,-a; (person) poco servicial.
unhurt [nht] adj ileso,-a, indemne.
unicorn [jUnikn] n unicornio.
uniform [jUnIfm] adj 1 uniforme. 2
(temperature) constante.
P n uniforme m.
unify [jUnIfaI] vt unificar.
pt & pp unified, ger unifying.
408
unimportant [nImptnt] adj insig
nificante, sin importancia, poco im
portante.
uninhabited [nIhQbItId] adj 1 desha
bitado,-a. 2 (deserted) despoblado,-a.
uninteresting [nIntrstIN] adj sin in
ters.
union [jUnIn] n 1 unin f. 2 fig (mar-
riage) enlace m. 3 (of workers) sindicato.
4 tech unin f.
P adj sindical, del sindicato. c o m p Un
ion Jack la bandera del Reino Unido.
" La Union Jack es la bandera del Reino
Unido y est formada por la combinacin
de las enseas de Inglaterra, Escocia e Ir
landa.
unionize [jUnjnaIz] vt sindicalizar.
P vi agremiarse, sindicalizarse.
unirrigated [nIrIgeItd] adj de secano.
unique [jUnik] adj 1 (singular) nico,
-a. 2 (outstanding) extraordinario,-a.
unit [jUnIt] n 1 unidad f. 2 (furniture) m
dulo, elemento. 3 mil unidad f. 4 math
unidad f. 5 tech grupo. 6 (centre) centro;
(department) servicio. 7 (team) equipo.
unite [jUnaIt] vt (join) unir; (assemble)
reunir.
P vi unirse, reunirse.
unity [jUnItI] n (union) unidad f; (har-
mony) armona.
universal [jUnivsl] adj universal.
universe [jUnIvs] n universo.
university [jUnIvstI] n universi
dad f.
pl universities.
P adj universitario,-a.
unkempt [nkempt] adj 1 (general) des
cuidado,-a. 2 (hair) despeinado,-a. 3
(appearance) desaliado,-a.
unkind [nkaInd] adj 1 (unpleasant) des
considerado,-a. 2 (cruel) cruel; (criti-
cism) despiadado,-a.
unknown [nnUn] adj desconocido,-a.
P n lo desconocido.
unleash [nliS] vt 1 (dog) soltar. 2 fig
(free - gen) liberar; (- passions) desatar. 3
(fury) provocar.

unless [nles] conj a menos que, a no
ser que.
P prep salvo, excepto.
unlike [nlaIk] adj (different) diferente
a, distinto de; (not characteristic)
impropio,-a.
P prep a diferencia de
unlikely [nlaIklI] adj (improbable) im
probable, poco probable; (unexpected,
unusual) inverosmil.
comp unlikelier, superl unlikeliest.
unlimited [nlImItId] adj ilimitado,-a.
unload [nlUd] vt 1 (gen) descargar. 2
(get rid of) deshacerse de.
P vi descargar.
unlock [nlk] vt 1 (door) abrir (con lla
ve). 2 fig (secret) revelar; (enigma) resol
ver.
unlucky [nlkI] adj 1 (unfortunate)
desafortunado,-a, desgraciado,-a. 2
(fateful) aciago,-a, nefasto,-a.
comp unluckier, superl unluckiest.
unmarried [nmQrId] adj soltero,-a.
unmistakable [nmIsteIkbl] adj in
confundible, inequvoco,-a.
unnecessary [nnessrI] adj innece
sario,-a.
unnoticed [nnUtIst] adj inadv er
tido,-a, desapercibido,-a.
unoccupied [nkjUpaId] adj 1 (house)
deshabitado,-a. 2 (person) desocupa
do,-a. 3 (post) vacante. 4 (area) des
poblado,-a. 5 (seat) libre. 6 mil no ocu
pado,-a.
unofficial [nfISl] adj extraoficial,
oficioso,-a.
unpack [npQk] vt 1 (objects) desempa
quetar, desenvolver. 2 (suitcase) des
hacer. 3 (boxes) desembalar.
P vi deshacer las maletas.
unpardonable [npAdnbl] adj im
perdonable.
unpleasant [npleznt] adj 1 (disagreea-
ble, nasty) desagradable, molesto,-a.
2 (unfriendly) antiptico,-a. 3 (words)
grosero,-a, mal educado,-a.
unplug [nplg] vt desenchufar.
pt & pp unplugged, ger unplugging.
unpopular [nppjlr] adj impopular.
409 unsavoury
unpredictable [nprIdIktbl] adj 1 im
previsible. 2 (of person) de reacciones
imprevisibles. 3 (whimsical)
antojadizo,-a.
unproductive [nprdktIv] adj 1 (inef-
ficient) improductivo,-a. 2 fig (fruitless)
infructuoso,-a.
unprovable [nprUvb l] adj inde
mostrable.
unpublished [npblISt] adj indito,-a,
no publicado,-a.
unreachable [nritSbl] adj inalcan
zable.
unreadable [nridbl] adj 1 (handwrit-
ing) ilegible. 2 (book) imposible de
leer; (understand) incomprensible.
unreal [nrIl] adj irreal.
unrealistic [nrIlIstIk] adj poco rea
lista.
unreasonable [nriznbl] adj 1 irra
zonable. 2 (irrational) irracional. 3 (ex-
cessive) desmesurado,-a; (prices) exor
bitante. 4 (hour) inoportuno,-a.
unrecognizable [nrekgnaIzbl] adj
irreconocible.
unreliable [nrIlaIbl] adj 1 (person) de
poca confianza, poco formal, que
no es de fiar. 2 (information) que no es
de fiar, poco seguro,-a. 3 (machine)
poco fiable, poco seguro,-a. 4 (news)
poco fidedigno,-a.
unrest [nrest] n 1 (uneasiness) malestar
m. 2 (restlessness) inquietud f; (political dis-
turbance) agitacin f, disturbios mpl.
unroll [nrUl] vt desenrollar.
P vi desenrollarse.
unsaddle [nsQdl] vt 1 (horse) desen
sillar. 2 (horseman) desmontar.
unsafe [nseIf] adj 1 (risky) inseguro,-a,
arriesgado,-a. 2 (dangerous) peligroso,-a.
unsatisfactory [nsQtIsfQkt rI] adj
insatisfactorio,-a, poco satisfacto U
rio,-a.
unsavory
[nseIv rI] adj us unsa
voury.
unsavoury [nseIvrI] adj 1 (taste, etc)
desagradable; (tasteless) inspido,-a. 2
(morally not right) deshonroso,-a, infame,
sospechoso,-a; (person) indeseable.
unscrew
unscrew [nskrU] vt destornillar,
desatornillar.
unseen [nsin] adj (invisible) no visto,
-a, invisible; (unnoticed) inadvertido,-a.
unselfish [nselfIS] adj desinteresa
do,-a.
unsettled [nset ld] adj 1 (weather)
inestable. 2 (person) nervioso,-a, in
tranquilo; (situation) inestable. 3 (coun-
try, etc) agitado,-a. 4 (question, matter)
pendiente; (account, etc) sin saldar. 5
(land) sin colonizar, sin poblar.
unshaven [nSeIvn] adj sin afeitar.
unsheathe [nSiD] vt desenvainar.
unshrinkable [nSrINkbl] adj inen
cogible, que no encoge.
unskilled [nskIld] adj 1 (worker) no
cualificado,-a. 2 (job) no especializa
do,-a. 3 (untalented) inexperto,-a.
unsolved [nslvd] adj sin resolver.
unstable [nsteIbl] adj inestable.
unsteady [nstedI] adj 1 (not firm) inse
guro,-a, inestable; (furniture) cojo,-a,
inestable. 2 (voice, hand) tembloroso,
-a, poco firme. 3 (weather conditions)
variable; (pulse) irregular.
comp unsteadier, superl unsteadiest.
unstressed [nstrest] adj ling tono,-a.
unsuccessful [nsksesfUl] adj 1
fracasado,-a, sin xito. 2 (useless) in
til, infructuoso,-a; (examination)
suspendido,-a. 3 (candidate in elections)
derrotado,-a, vencido,-a.
unsuited [nsUtId] adj 1 (person) no
apto,-a; (thing) impropio,-a, inade
cuado,-a. 2 (people) incompatible.
unsure [nSUr] adj inseguro,-a, poco
seguro,-a.
unsympathetic [nsImpTetIk] adj
(unfeeling) poco compasivo, sin com
pasin f, indiferente; (lacking under-
standing) poco comprensivo,-a.
untamable [nteImbl] adj indomable.
untangle [ntQNgl] vt desenredar.
untidy [ntaIdI] adj 1 (room, person) des
ordenado,-a. 2 (scruffy) desaliado,-a,
desaseado,-a; (hair) despeinado,-a.
comp untidier, superl untidiest.
410
untie [ntaI] vt 1 (unfasten) desatar. 2
(liberate) soltar, desligar.
until [ntIl] prep hasta.
P conj hasta que.
untrue [ntrU] adj 1 falso,-a. 2 (un-
faithful) infiel, desleal. 3 (inexact)
inexacto,-a, errneo,-a.
unusable [njUzbl] adj inservible.
unused adj 1 [njuzd] (new) nuevo,-a,
sin estrenar; (not in use) que no se uti
liza. 2 [njust] (unaccustomed) desa
costumbrado,-a.
unusual [njUZUl] adj 1 (rare, strange)
inslito,-a, poco comn. 2 (different)
original; (exceptional) extraordinario,-a.
unveil [nveIl] vt 1 (uncover) descubrir.
2 fig (reveal) descubrir, desvelar; (se-
cret) revelar.
unwanted [nwntId] adj 1 (child) no
deseado,-a. 2 (advice, etc) no solicita
do,-a, no pedido,-a. 3 (superfluous)
superfluo,-a.
unwelcome [nwelkm] adj 1 (guest)
inop ortuno,-a, molesto,-a; (news)
desagradable. 2 (uncomfortable) inc
modo,-a.
unwell [nwel] adj (sick, ill) indispues
to,-a, malo,-a.
unwilling [nwIlIN] adj reacio,-a, po
co dispuesto,-a.
unwind [nwaInd] vt desenrollar.
P vi 1 desenrollarse. 2 fam (relax) rela
jarse.
pt & pp unwound [nwaUnd].
unwise [nwaIz] adj 1 (foolish) impru
dente; (senseless) insensato,-a. 2 (ill-
advised) desaconsejable, poco acon
sejable.
unwound [nwaUnd] pt & pp unwind.
unwrap [nrQp] vt (present) desenvol
ver; (parcel, package) abrir, deshacer.
pt & pp unwrapped, ger unwrapping.
unzip [nzIp] vt 1 bajar la cremallera
de. 2 comput descomprimir.
pt & pp unzipped, ger unzipping.
up [p] adv 1 (upwards) hacia arriba, arri
ba. 2 (out of bed) levantado,-a. 3 (sun,
moon): the sun is up ha salido el sol. 4 (road-
works) levantado,-a, en obras. 5 (towards)

hacia. 6 (northwards) ir hacia el norte. 7
(totally finished) acabado,-a. 8 (into pieces) a
trozos, a porciones, a raciones.
P prep 1 (movement): to go up the stairs su
bir la escalera. 2 (position) en lo alto de.
P vt subir, aumentar.
pt & pp upped, ger upping.
up-and-coming [pnkmIN] adj pro
metedor,-ra, que promete mucho.
up-and-down [pndaUn] adj 1 (mo-
tion) vertical; (varying) variable. 2
(eventful) accidentado,-a; (period) con
altibajos.
upbringing [pbrININ] n educacin f.
upcoming [pkmIN] adj prximo,-a.
update [(n) pdeIt; (vb) pdeIt] n ac
tualizacin f, puesta al da.
P vt actualizar, modernizar.
upfront [pfrnt] adj sincero,-a, fran
co,-a.
upgrade [(vb) pgreId; (n) pgreId] vt 1
(promote) ascender, subir de catego
ra. 2 (improve) mejorar.
P n mejora.
uphekd [pheld] pt & pp uphold.
uphill [(adj) phIl; (adv) phIl] adj 1 as
cendente. 2 fig (task, struggle) ar
duo,-a, difcil, duro,-a, penoso,-a.
P adv cuesta arriba.
uphold [phUld] vt 1 (opinion) sostener,
mantener; (to support) apoyar. 2 (defend)
defender. 3 (confirm) confirmar.
pt & pp upheld [pheld].
upholster [UphUlstr] vt tapizar.
upkeep [pkip] n (maintenance) conser
vacin f; (costs) gastos mpl de mante
nimiento.
uplift [plIft] vt (lift up) elevar, levan
tar; (soul, voice) inspirar, elevar, alzar.
P n fig edificacin f, inspiracin f.
upload [plUd] vt (Internet) publicar
en la red, subir a la red.
up-market [pmAkIt] adj de calidad f
superior, de categora.
upon [pn] prep fml en, sobre.
Consulta tambin on.
upper [pr] adj 1 (position) superior. 2
(in geography) alto,-a; superior.
P n (of shoe) pala.
411 up-to-date
uppermost [pmUst] adj 1 ms
alto,-a. 2 fig principal, dominante.
upright [praIt] adj 1 derecho,-a, ver
tical. 2 (honest) recto,-a, honrado,-a.
P adv derecho, en posicin f vertical.
P n sp poste m, palo.
uprising [praIzIN] n alzamiento, le
vantamiento, sublevacin f.
uproar [prr] n alboroto, tumulto.
uproot [prUt] vt 1 (plant, etc) desarrai
gar, arrancar; (people) desarraigar. 2
(eliminate) eliminar, extirpar.
upset [(adj-vb) pset; (n) pset] adj 1 (an-
gry) disgustado,-a, contrariado,-a. 2
(mentally or physically) trastornado,-a;
(worried) preocupado,-a. 3 (nerves) des
quiciado,-a; (a little unwell) indispues
to,-a. 4 (stomach) trastornado,-a. 5 (over-
turned) volcado,-a; (spoiled) desbaratado,-a.
P n 1 (reversal) revs m, contratiempo;
(slight ailment) malestar m. 2 (emotion,
stomach, etc) trastorno; (plans, etc) tras
torno. 3 (trouble, difficulty) molestia f. 4
(sport) un resultado inesperado.
P vt 1 (overturn) volcar; (capsize) hacer
zozobrar. 2 (spill) derramar. 3 (shock)
trastornar. 4 (person) contrariar; (worry)
preocupar; (displease) disgustar. 5 (stom-
ach) sentar mal. 6 (plans) desbaratar. 7
(to cause disorder) desordenar, revolver.
pt & pp upset [pset], ger upsetting.
upsetting [psetIN] adj desconcer
tante, inquietante, preocupante.
upside down [psaIddaUn] adv 1 al
revs. 2 fig (disorder) patas arriba.
upstairs [(adv) pstez; (n) pstez] adv
(direction) al piso de arriba; (position) en
el piso de arriba.
P adj de arriba.
P n piso de arriba, piso superior.
upstream [pstrim] adv 1 aguas arri
ba. 2 (against the current) a contraco
rriente. U
upsurge [psdZ] n 1 (increase) au
mento; (anger) acceso. 2 fig (strong in-
crease in feelings, etc) resurgimiento; (of
violence) ola.
up-to-date [ptdeIt] adj 1 al da. 2
(modern) moderno,-a, a la moda; (in-
formed) al tanto, al corriente, al da.
 upward
upward [pwd] adj hacia arriba.
P adv hacia arriba.
P adj comm (tendency) al alza m.
upwards [pwdz] adv 1 hacia arriba.
2 fam algo ms de.
uranium [jUreInIm] n chem uranio.
Uranus [jUreIns] n Urano.
urban [bn] adj urbano,-a.
urbane [beIn] adj corts, urbano,-a.
ureter [jUritr] n urter m.
urethra [jUrITr] n uretra.
urge [dZ] n impulso, deseo.
P vt 1 encarecer, preconizar, instar,
insistir. 2 (incite) incitar; (plead) exhor
tar. 3 (encourage) animar.
urgency [dZnsI] n urgencia.
urgent [dZnt] adj urgente.
urinary [jUrInrI] adj urinario,-a.
c o m p urinary tract tracto urinario.
urinate [jUrIneIt] vi orinar.
urine [jUrIn] n orina.
urn [n] n urna.
urology [jUrldZI] n med urologa.
Ursa [rs] (constellation) n la Osa.
Uruguay [jUrgwaI] n Uruguay.
Uruguayan [jUrgwaIn] adj uru
guayo,-a.
P n uruguayo,-a.
us [s, z] pron 1 nos; (with preposition)
nosotros,-as. 2 fam me.
usable [jUzbl] adj utilizable, apro
vechable.
usage [jUsIdZ] n 1 uso, manejo. 2
(custom) uso, costumbre f, usanza. 3
ling uso. 4 (way of speaking) habla m,
lenguaje m.
use [(n) jUs; (vb) jUz] n 1 uso, empleo,
utilizacin f. 2 (handling) manejo. 3
(usefulness) utilidad f. 4 (right to use,
power to use) uso.
P vt 1 utilizar. 2 (consume) gastar, con
sumir. 3 (exploit unfairly) aprovecharse
de. 4 fam (need) necesitar.
412
P aux to use to (past habits) soler, acos
tumbrar: we used to go fishing in the lake
solamos ir a pescar al lago.
. Como auxiliar, si la frase no indica una
costumbre, se debe traducir con el imperfec
to.
a to use up vt sep gastar, acabar.
useable [jUzbl] adj usable.
used [jUst] adj 1 [juzd] (second-hand)
usado,-a. 2 [just] (accustomed) acos
tumbrado,-a. c o m p to be used to estar
acostumbrado,-a a. y to get used to
acostumbrarse a.
. Consulta tambin use.
useful [jUsfUl] adj til.
useless [jUsls] adj 1 intil. 2 fam
(person) inepto,-a, incompetente.
user [jUzr] n usuario,-a.
usual [jUZUl] adj habitual, corriente.
Pn 1 lo habitual. 2 fam (drink, etc) lo
de siempre.
utensil [jUtensl] n utensilio.
uterus [jUtrs] n tero.
pl uteruses o uteri [jUtraI].
utility [jUtIlItI] n 1 utilidad f. 2 (com-
pany) empresa de servicio pblico.
pl utilities.
utmost [tmUst] adj sumo,-a, extre
mo,-a.
Pnmximo.
utter [tr] adj completo,-a, total.
P vt 1 (words) pronunciar, articular;
(feelings) expresar. 2 (lies curses, etc) sol
tar; (shouts, cries, etc) lanzar, dar. 3 (thea-
tre) proferir; (sounds) emitir.
utterly [tlI] adv totalmente.
uvula [jUvjUl] n vula, campanilla.
pl uvulas o uvulae [juvjUli].
Uzbek [Uzbek] adj uzbeco,-a.
P n 1 (person) uzbeco,-a. 2 (language)
uzbeco.
Uzbekistan [UzbekIstQn] n Uzbekis
tn.

V, v [vi] n (the letter) V, v f.
vacancy [veIknsI] n 1 (job) vacante f. 2
(room) habitacin f libre. l o c No va
cancies Completo.
pl vacancies.
vacant [veIknt] adj 1 (gen) vaco. 2
(job) vacante. 3 (room) libre. 4 (mind, ex-
pression) vaco,-a.
vacation [vkeISn] n vacaciones fpl.
v
 accinate [vQksIneIt] vt vacunar.
vaccination [vQksIneISn] n vacuna
cin f.
vaccine [vQksin] n vacuna.
vacuum [vQkjUm] n 1 vaco. 2 fam
(vacuum cleaner) aspiradora. c o m p vacu
um cleaner aspirador m . y vacuum
flask termo.
P vt limpiar con aspiradora, pasar la
aspiradora por.
vacuum-packed [vQkjUmpQkt] adj
envasado,-a al vaco.
vagina [vdZaIn] n vagina.
pl vaginas o vaginae [vdZaIni].
vaginae [vdZaIni] n pl vagina.
vague [veIg] adj 1 (imprecise) vago,-a,
impreciso,-a. 2 (indistinct) borroso,-a.
, Vague no significa 'vago (holgazn)',
que se traduce por lazy.
vain [veIn] adj 1 (conceited) vanidoso,-a.
2 (hopeless) vano,-a, intil. l o c in vain
en vano.
valence [veIlns] n us valencia.
valency [veIlnsI] n gb valencia.
pl valencies.
valid [vQlId] adj 1 vlido,-a. 2 (ticket)
valedero,-a.
validate [vQlIdeIt] vt fml validar.
valley [vQlI] n valle m.
V
413
valor [vQlr] n us valor.
valour [vQlr] n valor m, valenta.
, Valour no significa 'valor (vala)', que
se traduce por value.
valuation [vQljUeISn] n 1 (act) valora
cin f. 2 (price) valor m.
value [vQljU] n valor m.
vt 1 (estimate value of) valorar, tasar.
P
2 (appreciate) valorar, apreciar.
valve [vQlv] n 1 (in general) vlvula. 2 rad
lmpara. 3 zool valva. 4 mus llave f.
vampire [vQmpaIr] n urgencia.
van [vQn] n 1 camioneta, furgoneta.
2 gb (on train) furgn m.
vanadium [vneIdIm] n vanadio.
Vandal [vQndl] adj vndalo,-a.
P n vndalo,-a.
vandalism [vQndlIzm] n vandalismo.
vandalize [vQndlaIz] n urgencia.
vane [veIn] n 1 (weather, etc) veleta. 2 (of
fan, etc) aspa.
vanilla [vnIl] n vainilla.
vanish [vQnIS] vi desaparecer.
vanity [vQnItI] n vanidad.
vapor [vQlr] n us vapour.
vapour [veIpr] n 1 vapor m. 2 (on win-
dowpane) vaho.
variable [verIbl] adj variable.
Pn variable f.
variant [verInt] n variante f.
varicose [vQrIkUs] adj varicoso,-a.
comp varicose veins varices fpl.
varied [verId] adj variado,-a, diver
so,-a.
variety [vraItI] n 1 (diversity) varie
dad f. 2 (assortment) surtido.
pl varieties.
various
various [verIs] adj 1 (different) diver
so,-a, distinto,-a. 2 (several) varios,-as.
varnish [vAnIS] n 1 (for wood, metals)
barniz m. 2 (for nails) esmalte m.
P vt 1 (wood, metals) barnizar. 2 (nails)
pintar.
vary [verI] vi variar.
P vt variar de.
pt & pp varied, ger varying.
vascular [vQskjlr] adj vascular.
vas deferens [vQs defrenz] n anat
conducto deferente.
vase [vAz, us veIz] n jarrn m, florero.
vassal [vQsl] n vasallo,-a.
vast [vAst] adj (extensive) vasto,-a, in
menso,-a; (huge) inmenso,-a, enor
me.
Vatican [vQtIk n] adj vaticano,-a.
c o m p Vatican City Ciudad f del Vati
cano.
P n the Vatican el Vaticano.
vault1 [vlt] n 1 (ceiling) bveda. 2 (in
bank) cmara acorazada. 3 (for dead)
panten m; (in church) cripta. 4 (cellar)
stano; (for wine) bodega.
vault2 [vlt] vt saltar.
P vi saltar.
P n (gymnastics) salto.
veal [vil] n ternera.
vector [vektr] n vector m.
vegetable [vedZtbl] n 1 (as food) ver
dura, hortaliza. 2 (as plant) vegetal m.
3 fam (person) vegetal m.
vegetarian [vedZIterIn] adj vegeta
riano,-a.
P n vegetariano,-a.
vegetation [vedZIteIS n] n vegeta
cin f.
vehicle [vik l] n 1 tech vehculo.
2 fig medio, vehculo.
veil [veIl] n velo.
P vt velar.
vein [veIn] n 1 anat vena. 2 bot vena,
nervio. 3 (of mineral) veta, vena, filn
m. 4 (mood) humor m, vena.
velum [vilm] n velo (del paladar).
pl vela [vil].
velvet [velvIt] n terciopelo.
414
vena cava [vin keIv] n anat vena
cava.
vending machine [vendINmSin] n
mquina expendedora.
vendor [vendr] n vendedor,-ra.
Venezuela [venzweIl] n Venezuela.
Venezuelan [venzweIln] adj vene
zolano,-a.
P n venezolano,-a.
vengeance [vendZns] n venganza.
venous [vins] adj venoso,-a.
ventilate [ventIleIt] vt ventilar.
ventricle [ventrIkl] n ventrculo.
venture [ventSr] vt arriesgar, aventu
rar.
P vi arriesgarse.
P n aventura, empresa arriesgada.
c o m p business venture empresa comer
cial. y joint venture empresa conjunta.
y venture capital capital m riesgo.
venue [venjU] n 1 (place) local m. 2
(scene) escenario.
Venus [vins] n Venus f. c o m p Venus
flytrap dionea.
veranda [vrQnd] n porche m.
verb [vb] n verbo.
verbal [vbl] adj verbal. c o m p verbal
noun gerundio.
verdict [vdIkt] n 1 veredicto, fallo.
2 (opinion) opinin f, juicio.
verge [vdZ] n 1 borde m, margen m.
2 (of road) arcn m.
a to verge on vt insep 1 (condition) rayar
en. 2 (age) rondar.
verify [verIfaI] vt verificar, comprobar.
pt & pp verified, ger verifying.
vermicelli [vmIselI] n fideos mpl.
vermin [vmIn] n pl 1 (small animals)
alimaas fpl. 2 (insects) bichos mpl, sa
bandijas fpl. 3 (people) gentuza f sing,
chusma f sing.
verruca [vrUk] n verruga.
pl verrucas o verrucae [vrUki].
verse [vs] n 1 (poetry) versos mpl ,
poesa. 2 (set of lines) estrofa. 3 (song, set
of lines) estrofa. 4 (in Bible) versculo.
, Verse no significa 'verso (parte del
poema)', que se traduce por line.

version [vZ
n] n 1 versin f. 2 mus
interpretacin f . 3 auto modelo.
c o m p stage version theat adaptacin f
teatral.
versus [vss] prep 1 (against) contra.
2 (as opposed to) frente a.
vertebra [vtIbr] n vrtebra.
pl vertebrae [vtIbri].
vertebral [vtIbrl] adj vertebral.
vertebrate [vtIbrt, vtIbreIt] adj
vertebrado,-a.
P n vertebrado.
vertex [vteks] n vrtice m.
pl vertexes o vertices [vtIsIz].
vertical [vtIkl] adj vertical.
very [verI] adv 1 (extremely) muy. 2 (em-
phatic) muy.
P adj 1 (extreme) de todo. 2 (precise)
mism o,-a, exacto,-a. l o c the very
best el/la mejor, lo mejor,
vesicle [vesIkl] n vescula.
vessel [vesl] n 1 (ship) nave f, buque
m. 2 (container) recipiente m, vasija. 3
anat vaso. c o m p cargo vessel buque m
de carga.
vest [vest] n 1 gb camiseta. 2 us chaleco.
415 view
vice 2
[vaIs] n (tool) torno de banco,
tornillo de banco.
vice3 [vaIs] pref vice-. c o m p vice admiral
mil vicealmirante m. y vice chancellor
e d u c rector,-ra. y vice president
vicepresidente,-ta.
vicereine [vaIsreIn] n virreina.
viceroy [vaIsrI] n virrey m.
vicinity [vsIntI] n 1 inmediaciones
fpl. 2 fml proximidad f.
vicious [vISs] adj 1 (cruel) cruel; (mali-
cious) malintencionado,-a. 2 (violent)
virulento,-a, violento,-a. 3 (dangerous)
peligroso,-a.
, Vicious no significa 'vicioso', que se
traduce por depraved.
victim [vIktIm] n vctima.
victory [vIktrI] n victoria, triunfo.
pl victories.
victuals [vItlz] n pl vituallas fpl, vve
res mpl.
vicuna [vIkjUn] n vicua.
video [vIdIU] n 1 (in general) vdeo. 2
(pop video) videoclip m . video
comp

vestibule [vestIbjUl] n 1 (entrance hall)
vestbulo, entrada. 2 anat vestbulo.
vet [vet] n fam veterinario,-a.
veteran [vetrn] adj veterano,-a.
P n 1 veterano,-a. 2 (soldier, etc) ex
combatiente mf.
veterinary [vetrInrI] adj veterina
rio,-a. c o m p veterinary surgeon veteri
nario,-a.
veto [vitU] n veto.
pl vetoes.
P vt vetar; (forbid) prohibir, vedar.
pt & pp vetoed, ger vetoing.
vexed [vekst] adj disgustado,-a. c o m p
vexed question tema m controvertido.
via [vaI] prep 1 (through) va, por. 2 (by
means of) por medio de, a travs de.
vibrate [vaIbreIt, us vaIbreIt] vi vibrar
(with, con).
P vt hacer vibrar.
vibration [vaIbreISn] n vibracin f.
vicar [vIkr n prroco.
vice1 [vaIs] n vicio.
game videojuego.
pl videos.
videoconference [vIdIUkknfrns]
n videoconferencia.
videodisc [vIdIUdIsk] n videodisco.
videorecorder [vIdIUrIkdr] n v
deo.
videotape [vIdIUteIp] n cinta de video
P vt grabar en vdeo.
videotext [vIdIUtekst] n videotexto.
Vietnam [vIetnQm] n Vietnam.
Vietnamese [vIetnmiz] adj vietna
mita.
P n 1 (person) vietnamita mf. 2 (lan-
guage) vietnamita m.
P n pl the Vietnamese los vietnamitas
mpl.
view [vjU] n 1 vista, panorama m. 2
(opinion) opinin f, parecer m.
V
P vt 1 (consider) considerar, ver. 2 (re-
gard, think about) enfocar. 3 (examine)
ver; (visit) visitar. 4 (watch) ver; (critical-
ly) visionar.
 viewer
viewer [vjU ] n 1 tv telespecta
r
dor,-ra, televidente mf. 2 (photography)
visionadora.
viewpoint [vjUpInt] n punto de vista.
vignette [vInjet] n 1 (artwork) vieta. 2
(description) estampa.
vigor [vIgr] n us vigour.
vigour [vIgr] n vigor m, energa.
Viking [vaIkIN] adj vikingo,-a.
Pn vikingo,-a.
villa [vIl] n 1 (for holidays) chalet m; (in
country) casa de campo. 2 (Roman) vi
lla. 3 gb (large house) villa, quinta.
village [vIlIdZ] n (gen) pueblo; (small)
pueblecito. c o m p village idiot el tonto
del pueblo. y village life la vida de
pueblo.
villager [vIlIdZr] n habitante m del
pueblo, aldeano,-a.
villain [vIln] n 1 (bad character) malo,-a,
malo,-a de la pelcula. 2 gb fam mal
vado,-a. l o c the villain of the piece
fam el malo de la pelcula.
vine [vaIn] n 1 vid f. 2 (made to climb) pa
rra. c o m p vine grower viticultor,-ra. y
vine growing viticultura. y vine leaf
hoja de parra. y vine shoot sarmiento.
vinegar [vInIgr] n vinagre m. c o m p
vinegar bottle vinagrera. y wine vine
gar vinagre m de vino.
vineyard [vInjd] n via, viedo.
vintage [vIntIdZ] n cosecha.
P adj 1 (wine) de aada. 2 (classic)
clsico,-a; (high-quality) glorioso,-a,
maravilloso,-a. 3 fam lo mejor de.
c o m p vintage car coche m de poca
construido entre 1919 y 1930.
viola1 [vaIUl] n mus viola.
viola2 [vaIUl] n bot violeta.
violate [vaIleIt] vt violar; (law) infrin
gir, transgredir.
violation [vaIleISn] n violacin f; (of
law) infraccin f, transgresin f.
violence [vaIlns] n violencia.
violet [vaIlt] n 1 bot violeta f. 2 (colour)
violeta m, violado,-a, violceo,-a.
P adj (de color) violeta, violado,-a.
violin [vaIlIn] n violn.
violinist [vaIlInist] n violinista mf.
416
viper [vaIpr] n vbora.
viral [vaIrl] adj viral, vrico,-a.
virgin [vaIlInist] adj virgen.
Pn virgen f.
Virgo [vgU] n Virgo.
virtual [vtSUl] adj virtual. c o m p vir
tual reality realidad f virtual.
virtue [vtSU] n 1 virtud f. 2 (advan-
tage) ventaja. l o c by virtue of en vir
tud de. y in virtue of en virtud de.
virus [vaIrs] n virus m. c o m p virus in
fection infeccin f vrica.
pl viruses.
visa [viz] n visado, am visa. c o m p en
try visa visado de entrada. y exit visa
visado de salida.
viscosity [vIsksItI] n viscosidad f.
visibility [vIzIbIltI] n visibilidad f.
visible [vIzIbl] adj visible.
Visigoth [vIzIgT] n visigodo,-a.
Visigothic [vIzIgTIk] adj visigodo,-a.
vision [vIZn] n 1 (gen) visin f. 2 (eye-
sight) vista. l o c a man of vision un
hombre con visin de futuro.
visit [vIzIt] vt 1 (person) visitar, hacer
una visita a. 2 (place) visitar, ir a.
P vi estar de visita.
P n visita. l o c to pay sb a visit hacer
una visita a algn. y to visit with sb us
charlar con algn.
visiting [vIzItIN] adj 1 (for visiting) de vi
sita. 2 (guest) visitante. c o m p visiting
card tarjeta de visita. y visiting hours
horas fpl de visita. y visiting lecturer
prof esor,-ra invitado,-a. y visiting
team equipo visitante.
visitor [vIzItr] n 1 (at home) invitado,-a,
visita. 2 (tourist) turista mf, visitante mf.
c o m p visitors book libro de visitas.
visor [vaIzr] n visera.
visual [vIZUl] adj visual. c o m p visual
aid medio visual. y visual arts artes
mpl visuales. y visual display unit pan
talla.
vital [vaIt l] adj 1 vital. 2 (essential)
esencial, imprescindible. c o m p vital
organ rgano vital. y vital signs sea
les fpl de vida.

P n pl rganos mpl vitales. l o c of vital
importance de suma importancia.
vitamin [vItmIn, vaItmIn] n vitami
na. c o m p vitamin C vitamina C. y vita
min content contenido vitamnico. y
vitamin deficiency avitaminosis f.
vitro [vitrU] l o c in vitro in vitro.
viva [vaIv] n gb fam (abbr of viva voce)
examen m oral.
vivid [vIvId] adj 1 vivo,-a, intenso,-a.
2 (description) grfico,-a. l o c to have a
vivid imagination tener mucha ima
ginacin.
viviparous [vIvIprs] adj vivparo,-a.
vixen [vIksn] n (mammal) zorra.
V-neck [vinek] n cuello de pico.
vocabulary [vkjQbjUlrI] n vocabu
lario.
pl vocabularies.
vocal [vUkl] adj 1 vocal. 2 fam (noisy)
esc and aloso,-a. c o m p vocal cords
cuerdas fpl vocales.
vocational [vUkeISnl] adj vocacio
nal, tcnico/profesional. c o m p voca
tional guidance orientacin f profesio
nal. y vocational education educacin f
tcnico/profesional.
vocative [vktIv] n vocativo.
P adj vocativo,-a.
vogue [vUg] n boga, moda. l o c to be
all the vogue estar muy en boga.
c o m p to be in vogue estar en boga.
voice [vIs] n voz f. l o c at the top of ones
voice a voz en grito. y in a loud voice en
voz alta. y in a low/soft voice en voz ba
ja, a media voz. y to lose ones voice
quedarse afnico,-a, quedarse sin voz.
y to lower/raise ones voice bajar/levan
tar la voz. y with one voice de una voz, a
una, a coro. c o m p voice box laringe f. y
voice offstage theat voz f en off.
P vt 1 expresar. 2 ling sonorizar.
voiceless [vIsls] adj 1 (hoarse)
afnico,-a. 2 ling sordo,-a.
voice-over [vIsUvr] n voz f en off.
void [vId] adj 1 vaco,-a (of, de): void
of interest falto,-a de inters. 2 jur nulo,
-a, invlido,-a.
P n vaco.
417 voucher
P vt 1 (empty) vaciar. 2 jur anular.
volcano [vlkeInU] n volcn m.
pl volcanos o volcanoes.
volley [vlI] n 1 mil descarga. 2 fig
(of stones) aluvin m; (of blows) tanda; (of
applause) salva. 3 (tennis) volea.
P vi 1 mil lanzar una descarga. 2 (ten-
nis) hacer una volea.
P vt (sp) volear.
volleyball [vlIbl] n voleibol m.
volt [vUlt] n voltio.
voltage [vUltIdZ] n voltaje m, tensin f.
voltmeter [vUltmitr] n voltmetro.
voluble [vljbl] adj locuaz, habla
dor,-ra.
, Voluble no significa 'voluble', que se
traduce por changeable.
volume [vljUm] n 1 volumen m. 2
(book) tomo. l o c to speak volumes de
cirlo todo. y to turn down/up the vol
ume bajar/subir el volumen.
voluntary [vlnt rI] adj volunta
rio,-a. c o m p voluntary organization
organizacin f benfica. y voluntary
society sociedad f benfica. y volun
tary work obras fpl benficas. y vo
luntary helper/worker voluntario,-a.
volunteer [vlntIr] n voluntario,-a.
P vt ofrecer.
P vi 1 ofrecerse (for, para). 2 mil alis
tarse como voluntario,-a (for, en).
vomit [vmIt] n vmito.
P vi vomitar, devolver la comida.
vote [vUt] n 1 voto. 2 (voting) voto,
votacin f. 3 (right to vote) sufragio.
P vi votar. c o m p vote of censure voto
de censura. y vote of confidence voto
de confianza.
P vt 1 votar. 2 (elect) elegir. 3 fam con
siderarse: the party was voted a complete
flop la fiesta se consider un desastre to
tal. l o c to be voted into/out of office
ganar/perder las elecciones. y to vote
by a show of hands votar a mano al
zada. y to vote on sth / take a vote on
sth someter algo a votacin.
a to vote down vt sep rechazar.
V
a to vote through vt sep aprobar.
voter [vUtr] n votante mf.
voucher [vaUtSr] n gb vale m, bono.
jur comprobante m, justificante m.
vow
vow [vaU] n 1 promesa solemne. 2 rel
voto. loc to take a vow of chastity/
poverty hacer voto de castidad/po
breza. y to take ones vows pronun
ciar sus votos. c o m p vow of silence
voto de silencio.
vowel [vaUl] n vocal f.
voyage [vIIdZ] n viaje m; (by sea) viaje
m en barco; (crossing) travesa.
P vi fml viajar.
. Voyage se refiere a un viaje general
mente largo por mar o en el espacio. La
palabra ms usual para viaje es journey.
418
vulgar [vlg r] adj 1 (in poor taste) de
mal gusto. 2 (coarse) grosero,-a, ordi
nario,-a. 3 ling vulgar. c o m p vulgar
fraction fraccin f comn.
, Vulgar no significa 'vulgar (corriente',
que se traduce por common.
vulgarity [vlgQrItI] n 1 (poor taste)
mal gusto. 2 (coarseness) vulgaridad f,
ordinariez f, grosera.
vulnerable [vlnrbl] adj vulnera
ble.
vulture [vltSr] n buitre m.
vulva [vlv] n vulva.
pl vulvas o vulvae [vlvi].

W, w [djblju] n (the letter) W, w f.
W [west] abbr (west) oeste m; (abbrevia-
tion) O.
wade [weId] vi caminar por el agua.
P vt vadear.
wafer [weIfr] n (for ice cream) barqui
llo; (biscuit) galleta de barquillo.
wage [weIdZ] n sueldo, salario.
P n pl wages sueldo m sing, salario m
sing.
waggon [wQgn] n gb wagon.
wagon [wQgn] n 1 (cart) carro; (cov-
ered) carromato. 2 gb (railway truck) va
gn m. 3 us (trolley) carrito, mesa ca
marera.
wagon-lit [vQgnli] n coche-cama m.
pl wagons-lits.
wail [weIl] n (of pain, grief) lamento, ge
mido; (of siren) aullido.
P vi 1 (person - cry) gemir, llorar; (- com-
plain) quejarse (about/over, de), la
mentarse (about/over, de). 2 (siren)
aullar, ulular; (wind) ulular.
waist [weIst] n 1 anat cintura. 2 (of
garment) talle m. 3 (of guitar, etc) parte
estrecha.
waistcoat [weIskUt] n chaleco.
waistline [weIstlaIn] n 1 anat cintura.
2 sew talle m.
wait [weIt] n (gen) espera; (delay) de
mora.
P vi esperar (for, -), aguardar (for, -).
l o c to wait at a table servir la mesa.
P vt esperar, aguardar.
a to wait about / wait around vi es
perar, perder el tiempo.
a to wait on vt insep servir.
waiter [weItr] n camarero, garzn.
c o m p head waiter maitre m.
W
419
waiting [weItIN] n espera. c o m p wait
ing room sala de espera.
waitress [weItrs] n camarera, garzona.
pl waitresses.
wake [weIk] vt despertar (up, -).
P vi despertarse (up, -).
a to wake up to vt insep (become aware)
darse cuenta de.
pt woke [wUk], pp woken [wUkn].
Wales [weIlz] n Pas m de Gales.
walk [wk] n 1 (gen) paseo; (distance)
camino; (long) caminata, excursin f;
(sport) marcha. 2 (path, route) paseo,
ruta; (long) excursin f. 3 (gait) modo
de andar mpl.
P vi andar, caminar, pasear.
P vt 1 (cover on foot) ir a pie, ir andando,
andar. 2 (person) acompaar; (animal)
pasear.
a to walk away vi alejarse.
a to walk into vt insep 1 (get caught) caer
en. 2 (bump into) tropezar con.
a to walk out vi 1 (leave suddenly) mar
charse. 2 (go on strike) ir a la huelga.
a to walk out on vt insep (abandon)
abandonar a.
walker [wkr] n 1 (gen) paseante mf;
(hiker) excursionista mf . 2 (athlete)
marchador,-ra. 3 (for babies) andador
m; (for disabled) andador m.
walkie-talkie [wkItkI] n walkie-
talkie m.
walkman [wkmn] n walkman m.
pl walkmen [wkmn].
wall [wl] n 1 (exterior) muro; (defensive,
city) muralla; (garden) tapia; (sea) di
que m. 2 (interior) pared f; (partition) ta
bique m. 3 anat (of artery, blood vessel)
pared f; (of abdomen) pared f abdomi
nal. 4 sp barrera.
wallet
wallet [wlIt] n cartera.
wallpaper [wlpeIpr] n 1 papel m
pintado. 2 (for computer screen) papel m
tapiz.
P vt empapelar.
wally [wlI] n fam idiota mf, intil mf.
pl wallies.
walnut [wlnt] n (fruit) nuez f; (wood)
nogal m. comp walnut tree nogal m.
walrus [wlrs] n morsa.
pll walruses.
waltz [wls] n vals m.
pl waltzes.
wand [wnd] n varita.
wander [wndr] vi 1 (roam) deambu
lar, errar, vagar; (stroll) pasear, cami
nar. 2 (stray) apartarse, desviarse,
alejarse; (get lost) extraviarse.
P n vuelta, paseo.
want [wnt] n 1 (lack) falta, carencia.
2 (desire, need) necesidad f.
P vt 1 (gen) querer. 2 fam (need) necesi
tar. 3 fam (ought to) deber. 4 fml (lack)
necesitar, carecer de,.
wanted [wntId] adj 1 (for work) nece
sario,-a. 2 (by police) buscado,-a.
war [wr] n guerra.
ward [wd] n 1 (in hospital) sala. 2 gb
(for elections) distrito electoral.
warden [wdn] n 1 (of hostel, home) en
cargado,-a. 2 us (of prison) alcaide m,
director,-ra. 3 (of university) rector,-ra.
wardrobe [wdrUb] n 1 armario
(ropero), guardarropa m. 2 (clothes)
vestuario. 3 (theatre) vestuario.
warehouse [wehaUs] n almacn m,
depsito.
P vt almacenar, depositar.
warfare [wfer] n 1 (war) guerra. 2
(conflict, struggle) lucha, batalla.
warhead [whed] n ojiva, cabeza.
warm [wm] adj 1 (climate, wind)
clido,-a; (day) caluroso,-a, de calor.
2 (hands, etc) caliente; (liquid) tibio,-a,
templado,-a. 3 (clothing) de abrigo,
que abriga. 4 (colour) clido,-a. 5 (wel-
come, applause, etc) clido,-a, caluroso,-
a. 6 (character) afectuoso,-a.
P vt (gen) calentar.
420
P vi calentarse.
a to warm up vt sep 1 (food) calentar,
recalentar; (engine) calentar. 2 (audi-
ence, party) animar.
P vi 1 (food, engine, etc) calentarse. 2 (au-
dience, party) animarse. 3 sp hacer ejer
cicios de calentamiento.
warm-blooded [wmbldId] [se es
cribe warm blooded cuando no se usa pa
ra calificar a un nombre] adj de sangre
caliente.
warmly [wmlI] adv 1 (with heat) con
ardor. 2 (thank) con efusin; (recom-
mend) con entusiasmo; (welcome, greet)
calurosamente. 3 (dress) con ropa de
abrigo.
warmth [wmT] n 1 (heat) calor m. 2
fig afecto, cordialidad f.
warm-up [wmp] n sp calentamien
to, precalentamiento.
warn [wn] vt 1 avisar (of, de), adver
tir (of, de), prevenir (about, sobre),
(against, contra). 2 (instead of punishing)
amonestar.
warning [wnIN] n 1 (of danger) aviso,
advertencia. 2 (instead of punishment)
amonestacin f. 3 (advance notice) aviso.
P adj (shot, glance) de aviso, de adver
tencia.
warrant [wrnt] n 1 jur orden f judi
cial, mandamiento judicial. 2 (vouch-
er) bono, vale m. 3 fml (justification) jus
tificacin f . c o m p warrant officer
suboficial m.
P vt 1 fml (justify) justificar; (deserve)
merecer, ser digno,-a de. 2 (guarantee)
garantizar.
warranty [wrntI] n 1 comm (guaran-
tee) garanta. 2 fml (authority) autoriza
cin f.
pl warranties.
warrior [wrIr] n guerrero,-a.
warship [wSIp] n buque m de gue
rra.
wart [wt] n verruga.
warthog [wthg] n jabal m verru
goso.
wartime [wtaIm] n tiempos mpl de
guerra.
P adj de guerra.

was [wz, unstressed wz] pt be.
wash [wS] n 1 (act) lavado. 2 (laundry)
ropa sucia, colada. 3 (of ship) estela;
(of water) remolinos mpl; (sound) cha
poteo.
P vt 1 (gen) lavar; (dishes) fregar. 2 (car-
ry) llevar, arrastrar.
P vi 1 (gen) lavarse. 2 (flow, lap) batir.
a to wash away vt sep 1 (destroy and
carry away) llevarse, arrastrar. 2 (re-
move) borrar.
a to wash up vt sep 1 fregar. 2 arras
trar a la playa.
P vi 1 fregar los platos. 2 us lavarse
las manos y la cara, lavarse rpida
mente.
washable [wSbl] adj lavable.
washbasin [wSbeIsn] n (fixed to wall)
lavabo; (bowl) palangana.
washbowl [wSbUl] n us palangana.
washer [wSr] n 1 tech (metal) aran
dela; (rubber) junta. 2 fam (machine) la
vadora.
washing [wSIN] n 1 (action) lavado, el
lavar m. 2 (dirty clothes) colada, ropa
sucia; (clean clothes) colada; (clothes
hanging out) ropa tendida. l o c to do
the washing hacer la colada. l o c
washing machine lavadora. y washing
powder detergente m.
washing-up [wSINp] n 1 (action) fre
gado, el fregar m. 2 (dishes) platos mpl.
l o c to do the washing-up fregar los
platos. c o m p washing-up liquid lava
vajillas m.
wasp [wsp] n avispa. c o m p wasps
nest avispero.
waste [weIst] n 1 (gen) derroche m; (of
money, energy) despilfarro; (of time) pr
dida,. 2 (matter) desechos mpl, desper
dicios mpl; (rubbish) basura.
P adj 1 (unwanted) desechado,-a. 2
(land) yermo,-a, baldo,-a.
P vt (gen) desperdiciar, malgastar; (re-
sources) derrochar; (time, chance) desa
provechar, perder.
wastepaper basket [weIstpeIp -
bA-kIt] n papelera.
watch [wtS] n 1 (timepiece) reloj m. 2
(look-out) vigilancia, guardia; (person)
421 waterpipe
vigilante mf, guardia mf, centinela mf,
guarda mf. 3 mar (period, body) guardia;
(individual) viga. 4 hist ronda.
pl watches.
P vt 1 (look at, observe) mirar, observar;
(television, sport) ver. 2 (keep an eye on) vi
gilar, observar; (spy on) espiar, vigi
lar. 3 (be careful about) tener cuidado
con, cuidar de.
P vi (look) mirar, observar. l o c watch
out! cuidado!
a to watch out for vt insep 1 (look out for,
be alert) estar alerta, estar pendiente
de. 2 (be careful of) tener cuidado con.
watchdog [wtSdg] n 1 perro guar
din. 2 fig guardin,-ana.
watcher [wtSr] n observador,-ra,
espectador,-ra.
water [wtr] n 1 (gen) agua: drinking
water agua potable; mineral water agua
mineral; running water agua corriente;
spring water agua de manantial. 2 (tide)
marea. c o m p water bottle (flask) can
timplora. y water polo waterpolo.y
water power energa hidrulica. y
water supply abastecimiento de
agua, suministro de agua. y water
tank depsito de agua. y water va
pour vapor m de agua. y water wheel
1 (for power) rueda hidrulica. 2 (for ir-
rigation) noria.
P vt 1 (plant, river) regar. 2 (animals)
abrevar.
a to water down vt sep 1 (drink) aguar,
mezclar con agua. 2 fig descafeinar.
watercolor [wtklr] n watercol
our.
watercolour [wtklr] n acuarela.
Pn pl watercolours acuarelas fpl.
watercress [wtkres] n berro.
waterfall [wtfl] n cascada, salto
de agua, catarata.
watering [wtrIN] n riego.
watermark [wtmAk] n filigrana.
watermelon [wtmeln] n sanda.
watermill [wtmIl] n molino de
agua.
waterpark [wtpAk] n parque m
W
acutico.
waterpipe [wtpaIp] n caera.
 waterproof
waterproof [wtprUf] adj 1 (material)
impermeable. 2 (watch) sumergible.
P n (coat) impermeable m.
P vt impermeabilizar.
water-ski [wtski] n esqu m acu manera. y one way or the other (some-
tico.
P vi hacer esqu acutico.
water-skiing [wtskiIN] n esqu m (remote) apartado,-a, remoto,-a. 2 (ex-
acutico.
watersports [wtspts] n pl depor ginal. y that way 1 (direction) por all. 2
tes mpl acuticos.
watertight [wttaIt] adj 1 estanco,-a,
hermtico,-a. 2 fig irrefutable, irreba
tible.
water-wheel [wtwil] n 1 (for power)
rueda hidrulica. 2 (for irrigation) noria.
waterworks [wtwks] n depura
dora, planta de tratamiento de
aguas.
P n pl gb fam euph aparato urinario.
watt [wt] n elec watt m, vatio.
wave [weIv] n 1 (in sea) ola. 2 (in hair)
onda. 3 phys onda. 4 (of hand) ademn
m, movimiento; (in greeting) saludo
con la mano. 5 (steady increase) ola,
oleada. 6 (influx) oleada; (sudden in-
crease) oleada, ola.
P vi 1 (greet) saludar (con la mano). 2
(flag) ondear; (corn) ondular. 3 (hair)
ondular.
P vt 1 (brandish) agitar. 2 (direct) indicar
con la mano. 3 (hair) marcar, ondu
lar.
wavelength [weIvleNT] n rad longi
tud f de onda.
wavy [weIvI] adj ondulado,-a.
comp wavier, superl waviest.
wax [wQks] n 1 (gen) cera. 2 (in ear)
cerumen m.
P vt (polish) encerar. c o m p paraffin wax
parafina. y sealing wax lacre m. y wax
candle vela. y wax crayons ceras fpl. y
wax paper papel m encerado.
way [weI] n 1 (right route, road, etc) cami
no. 2 (direction) direccin f. 3 (distance)
distancia. 4 (manner, method) manera,
modo.
P adv fam muy. l o c all the way 1 (dis-
tance) todo el viaje. 2 (completely) total
mente. y by the way (incidentally) a pro
422
psito, por cierto. y in a way en
cierto modo, en cierta manera. y in
some ways en algunos aspectos. y in
this way (thus) de este modo, de esta
how) de algn modo, de una manera
u otra, como sea. y out of the way 1
ceptional) excepcional, particular, ori
(like that) as. y the right way round
bien puesto. y the wrong way round
al revs. y to be in the way estorbar,
estar por en medio. y to be on the
way (coming) estar en camino, estar al
llegar, avecinarse. y to get out of the
way apartarse. y to find your way en
contrar el camino. y to give way 1 (col-
lapse) ceder, hundirse. 2 (yield) ceder
(to, a). 3 (when driving) ceder el paso. y
to loose your way perderse. l o c way
in entrada. y way out 1 (exit) salida. 2
(solution) solucin f, remedio.
P n pl ways (customs) costumbres fpl ;
(habits, behaviour) manas fpl.
WC [wtskiIN] abbr water closet v
ter m, retrete m.
we [wi, unstressed wI] pron nosotros,
-as.
weak [wik] adj 1 (gen) dbil. 2 (tea, cof-
fee, etc) aguado,-a, poco cargado,-a.
P n pl the weak los necesitados mpl,
los invlidos mpl.
weaken [wikn] vt 1 (gen) debilitar. 2
(argument) quitar fuerza a; (morale) so
cavar.
P vi 1 (person) debilitarse, desfallecer.
2 (resolve, influence) flaquear. 3 (currency)
aflojar, caer. 4 (give in) ceder.
weakness [wikns] n 1 (gen) debili
dad f, flaqueza. 2 (lack of conviction) fal
ta de peso, pobreza. 3 (defect, fault,
flaw) flaqueza, punto flaco.
pl weaknesses.
wealth [welT] n 1 (riches) riqueza. 2 fig
abundancia, profusin f.
wealthy [welTI] adj rico,-a, adinera
do,-a, acaudalado,-a.
comp wealthier, superl wealthiest.
weapon [wepn] n arma.

wear [we ] n 1 (clothing) ropa: evening
r
wear traje de noche; ladies wear ropa pa
ra seoras; mens wear ropa para hom
bres. 2 (use) uso: for everyday wear para
todos los das. 3 (deterioration) desgaste
m, deterioro. 4 (capacity for being used)
durabilidad f . c o m p wear and tear
desgaste m.
P vt 1 (clothing, jewellery, etc) llevar, ves
tir; (shoes) calzar. 2 fam (accept, tolerate)
tolerar, aceptar, soportar. 3 (damage
by use) desgastar.
P vi 1 (become damaged by use) desgas
tarse. 2 (endure) durar.
a to wear out vt sep 1 (shoes, etc) gastar,
desgastar, romper con el uso. 2 (per-
son) agotar, rendir.
P vi (shoes, etc) gastarse, desgastarse,
romperse con el uso.
pt wore [wr], pp worn [wn].
wearable [werbl] adj que se puede
llevar, que se puede poner.
weary [wIrI] adj 1 (exhausted) cansado,
-a, agotado,-a. 2 (fed up) cansado,-a,
harto,-a.
comp wearier, superl weariest.
P vt cansar.
P vi cansarse de.
weasel [wizl] n comadreja.
weather [weDr] n (gen) tiempo. c o m p
weather forecast parte m meteorol
gico.
weather-vane [weDveIn] n (clothing)
veleta.
weave [wiv] n tejido.
P vt 1 (gen) tejer. 2 fig (plot, story) tra
mar, urdir.
pt wove [wUv], pp woven [wUvn],
ger weaving.
weaver [wivr] n tejedor,-ra.
web [web] n 1 (spiders) telaraa. 2 fig
red f, sarta, embrollo. 3 (of animals
feet) membrana interdigital. 4 (Inter-
net) web f.
webmaster [webmAstr] n adminis
trador,-ra de web.
website [websaIt] n web f, sitio web.
wed [wed] vt casarse con.
pt & pp wedded o wed, ger wedding.
423 weight
wed [wid] contr (we had, we would)
have, would.
wedding [wedIN] n boda, casamien
to. c o m p wedding anniversary aniver
sario de bodas. y wedding ring anillo
de bodas.
wedge [wedZ] n 1 (gen) cua, calza. 2
(of cake, cheese) trozo grande. 3 (golf)
wedge m.
P vt 1 (force apart) acuar, calzar. 2
(pack tightly) apretar.
Wednesday [wenzdI] n mircoles m inv.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta Saturday.
weed [wid] n 1 bot (in garden) mala
hierba; (in water) algas fpl. 2 fam pej
(person) debilucho,-a, canijo,-a.
weedkiller [widkIlr] n herbicida m.
week [wik] n semana.
weekend [wikend, wikend] n fin m
de semana. c o m p long weekend puen
te m.
P vi pasar el fin de semana.
weekly [wiklI] adj semanal.
P adv semanalmente, cada semana:
twice weekly dos veces por semana.
P n (press) semanario.
weep [wip] vi 1 fml (person) llorar. 2
(wound) supurar.
pt & pp wept [wept].
weigh [weI] vt 1 (gen) pesar. 2 fig (con-
sider carefully) ponderar, sopesar (up, -);
(compare carefully) contraponer (with/
against, a).
P vi 1 (gen) pesar. 2 (be important to, have
influence on) influir en, pesar.
weight [weIt] n 1 (gen) peso. 2 (of
scales, clock, gym) pesa; (heavy object) pe
so, cosa pesada. 3 fig (burden, worry)
peso, carga. 4 fig (importance, influence)
peso, importancia, influencia. l o c
to lose weight perder peso, adelga
zar. y to put on weight engordar, ga
nar peso. c o m p weights and measures
pesos mpl y medidas.
P vt 1 (make heavy) cargar con peso,
poner peso en, aadir peso a; (fish-
W
ing net) lastrar. 2 fig (statistics, etc) pon
derar.
 weightlifter
weightlifter [weItlIft ] n sp levanta
r
dor,-ra de pesas, halterfilo,-a.
weird [wId] adj 1 (bizarre) raro,-a, ex
trao,-a. 2 (eerie) siniestro,-a.
welcome [welkm] adj 1 (gen) bien
venido,-a. 2 (news, sight, etc) grato,-a,
agradable; (change) oportuno,-a, be
neficioso,-a. l o c youre welcome (not
at all) no hay de qu, de nada.
P interj bienvenido,-a (to, a).
P n bienvenida, acogida.
P vt 1 (greet) acoger, recibir; (officially)
dar la bienvenida a. 2 (approve of, sup-
port) aplaudir, acoger con agrado.
welcoming [welkmIN] adj (smile) aco
gedor,-ra; (speech) de bienvenida.
weld [weld] n soldadura.
P vt 1 soldar. 2 fig soldar, unir.
P vi soldarse.
welfare [welfer] n 1 (well-being) bien
estar m; (health) salud f. 2 (care, help)
proteccin f. 3 us (money) seguridad f
social. c o m p welfare state estado de
bienestar. y welfare worker asistente
mf social.
well1 [wel] n 1 (for water) pozo. 2 (of
staircase) hueco de la escalera; (of lift)
hueco del ascensor. 3 gb (in court) rea
de los abogados.
P vi (tears, blood) brotar (up, -), manar
(up, -).
well2 [wel] adj 1 (in good health) bien. 2
(satisfactory, right) bien.
P adv 1 (gen) bien. 2 (with modals) bien.
3 (much, quite) bien. l o c as well (also,
too) tambin. y as well as adems de. y
very well muy bien, bueno. y well
done! muy bien!, as se hace! y well I
never! vaya!, habrse visto! y well
off (comfortable, rich) acomodado,-a.
P interj 1 (gen) bueno, bien, pues. 2
(surprise) vaya!
well-balanced [welbQlnst] [se escribe
well balanced cuando no se usa para califi
car a un nombre] adj equilibrado,-a.
well-behaved [welbIheIvd] [se escribe
well behaved cuando no se usa para calificar
a un nombre] adj formal, educado,-a.
well-being [welbiIN] n bienestar m.
424
well-done [weldn] [ se escribe well
done cuando no se usa para calificar a un
nombre] adj muy hecho,-a.
well-founded [welfaUndId] [se escribe
well founded cuando no se usa para calificar
a un nombre.] adj bien fundado,-a.
wellington [welINtn] [ a veces Wel-
lington] n botas de agua.
well-known [welnUn] adj (bien) co
nocido,-a.
well-off [welf] [se escribe well off cuan
do no se usa para calificar a un nombre] adj
rico,-a, acomodado,-a, pudiente.
Welsh [welS] adj gals,-esa.
P n (language) gals m.
P n pl the Welsh los galeses mpl.
Welshman [welSmn] n gals m.
pl Welshmen [welSmn].
Welshwoman [welSwUmn] n galesa.
pl Welshwomen [welSwImIn].
went [went] pt go.
wept [wept] pt & pp weep.
were [wr] pt be.
were [wIr] contr (we are) be.
werewolf [wIwUlf] n hombre m lobo.
pl werewolves [wIwUlvz].
west [west] n oeste m, occidente m.
P adjoccidental, del oeste. c o m p West
Indies las Antillas. y West Indian
antillano,-a.
P adv al oeste, hacia el oeste.
P n the West pol Occidente m , los
pases mpl occidentales.
western [westn] adj del oeste, occi
dental.
P n (cinema) western m.
westerner [westnr] n occidental mf.
westward [westwd] adj hacia el
oeste.
westwards [westwds] adv hacia el
oeste.
wet [wet] adj 1 (gen) mojado,-a; (damp)
hmedo,-a. 2 (weather) lluvioso,-a. 3
(paint, ink) fresco,-a. 4 fam (person)
apocado,-a, soso,-a.
comp wetter, superl wettest.
P n 1 (damp) humedad f. 2 (rain) lluvia.
3 fam (person) apocado,-a; (politician)
moderado,-a.

P vt mojar, humedecer.
pt & pp wet o wetted, ger wetting.
wetness [wetns] n humedad f.
wetsuit [wetsut] n traje m isotrmico.
weve [wiv] contr (we have) have.
whale [weIl] n ballena.
whalebone [weIlbUn] n (barba de)
ballena.
whaler [weIlr] n (gen) ballenero,-a.
whaling [weIlIN] n caza de ballenas.
comp whaling industry industria ba
llenera.
wharf [wf] n muelle m, embarca
dero.
pl wharfs o wharves.
wharves [wvz] pl wharf.
what [wt] adj 1 (direct questions) qu:
what time is it? qu hora es?. 2 (indirect
questions) qu: I dont know what to do no
s qu hacer. 3 (exclamations) qu: what
a man! qu hombre! 4 (all the) todo,-a:
what money we have is in the drawer todo
el aceite que tenemos est aqu.
P pron 1 (direct questions) qu: what is it?
qu es?. 2 (indirect questions) qu: he
didnt know what to say no saba qu de
cir. 3 lo que: thats what he told me eso
es lo que me dijo. l o c guess what? sa
bes qu? y what about? qu te pa
rece?. y what for? 1 (why) por qu?
2 (for what purpose) para qu? y what
if? y si? y what is it? 1 (whats
wrong?) qu pasa? 2 (definition) qu
es?
P interj cmo!: what! youve lost it! c
mo! lo has perdido!
whatever [wtevr] adj 1 (any) cual
quiera que. 2 (at all) en absoluto.
P pron 1 (anything, all that) (todo) lo
que. 2 (no matter what): whatever happens
pase lo que pase. 3 (surprise) qu. 4 fam
(show indifference) lo que sea.
whatsoever [wtsUevr] adj en ab
soluto.
wheat [wit] n trigo.
wheatmeal [witmil] n c o m p wheat
meal flourharina integral de trigo.
wheel [wil] n 1 rueda. 2 (steering wheel)
volante m.
P vt (push) empujar.
425 whereupon
1 girar. 2 (birds) revolotear.
P vi
pl wheels fam coche m sing.
Pn
wheelbarrow [wilbQrU] n carretilla
de mano.
wheelchair [wiltSer] n silla de rue
das.
when [wen] adv 1 (direct questions) cun
do: when did it happen? cundo pas? 2
(indirect questions) cundo: tell me when
youre ready dime cundo ests listo. 3 (at
which, on which) cuando, en que: there
are times when I cant cope hay momentos
en que no puedo ms.
P conj 1 (at the time that) cuando: when I
arrived cuando llegu yo. 2 (whenever)
cuando, siempre que: when I have a
free moment cuando tenga un momento
libre. 3 (considering) cuando, si: why do
you want to move? por qu te quieres
mudar? 4 (although) cuando, aunque:
they said it was red when in fact it was blue
dijeron que era roja cuando en realidad
era azul.
P pron cuando: that was when it broke fue
entonces cuando se rompi.
whenever [wenevr] conj 1 (at any time,
when) cuando quiera que. 2 (every time
that) siempre que.
P adv (surprise) cundo.
where [wer] adv 1 (direct question - place)
dnde; (- direction) adnde: where is it?
dnde est?. 2 (indirect question) dnde,
adnde: tell me where it is dime dnde
est. 3 (at, in or which) donde, en que;
(to which) adonde, a donde: this is where
it all happened es aqu donde pas todo.
P conj 1 donde: where I come from we
dont do that de donde soy yo eso no se
hace. 2 (when) cuando: where possible
cuando sea posible.
whereabouts [(n) werbaUts; (adv)
werbaUts] n paradero.
P adv (por) dnde.
whereas [werQz] conj 1 mientras
que. 2 jur considerando que.
whereby [webaI] adv fml por el/la/lo
cual.
wherein [werIn] adv en donde.
W
whereupon [werpn] adv con lo
cual.
 wherever
wherever [werev ] conj 1 (in any place,
r
where) dondequiera que. 2 (everywhere)
dondequiera.
P adv 1 (in questions) dnde, adnde. 2
(unspecified place) en cualquier parte.
whether [weDr] conj 1 si. 2 (no matter if)
aunque.
which [wItS] adj 1 (direct questions) qu,
cul, cules: which size? qu tamao/
talla? 2 (indirect questions) qu: I cant re-
member which department shes in no re
cuerdo en qu seccin trabaja.
P pron 1 (questions) cul, cules: which
do you want? cul quieres? 2 (indirect
questions) cul: ask him which is his pre
gntale cul es el suyo. 3 (defining rela-
tive) que; (with preposition) que, el/la
que, el/la cual, los/las que, los/las
cuales: the shoes which I bought los zapa
tos que compr. 4 (non-defining relative)
el/la cual, los/las cuales: two glasses,
one of which was dirty dos copas, una de
las cuales estaba sucia. 5 (referring to a
clause) lo que, lo cual: he lost, which was
sad perdi, lo cual era triste.
whichever [wItSevr] adj 1 (any one)
cualquier, el/la que. 2 (no matter which)
cualquiera que, no importa. 3 (inter-
rogative) cul.
P pron 1 cualquiera, el/la que. 2 (inter-
rogative) cul.
while [waIl] n (time) rato, tiempo: we
talked for a while charlamos durante un
rato.
P conj 1 (when) mientras: somebody stole
our car while we were on holiday nos roba
ron el coche mientras estbamos de va
caciones. 2 (although) aunque: while I
sympathize with the cause, I cannot support
your methods aunque simpatizo con la
causa, no puedo apoyar tus mtodos. 3
(whereas) mientras que: he prefers to go
out, while I like staying in l prefiere salir
mientras que a m me gusta quedarme
en casa.
whim [wIm] n antojo, capricho.
whimsical [wImsIkl] adj (person, idea,
etc) caprichoso,-a; (smile) enigmtico,-
a; (story, etc) fantstico,-a.
426
whip [wIp] n 1 (for animals) ltigo; (for
punishment) azote m; (for riding) fusta. 2
culin (desert) batido.
P vt 1 (person) azotar; (horse) fustigar.
2 (wind) azotar. 3 culin (ingredients) ba
tir; (cream, egg whites) montar. 4 gb fam
(steal) birlar, mangar. 5 (act quickly) ha
cer algo deprisa.
pt & pp whipped, ger whipping.
whipping [wIpIN] n azotaina, paliza.
comp whipping cream nata para mon
tar.
whirl [wl] n 1 (movement) giro, vuelta.
2 fig torbellino.
P vi 1 (move round) girar, dar vueltas; (of
dust, leaves, etc) arremolinarse. 2 (move
quickly) ir como un relmpago.
whisk [wIsk] n 1 (quick movement) movi
miento brusco, sacudida. 2 culin
(hand) batidor m; (electric) batidora.
P vt 1 (of animals tail) sacudir (la cola).
2 culin batir. 3 (take quickly) llevar r
pidamente.
whisker [wIskr] n (single hair) pelo (de
la barba).
P n pl whiskers (mans) patillas fpl. (of
cat, etc) bigote m, bigotes mpl.
whiskey [wIskI] n whisky.
whisky [wIskI] n whisky m.
pl whiskies.
whisper [wIspr] n 1 (quiet voice) susu
rro. 2 (rumour) rumor m, voz f.
P vt 1 (gen) susurrar, decir en voz baja.
2 (rumour) correr la voz, rumorearse.
whispering [wIsprIN] n (gen) cuchi
cheo; (of leaves) murmullo.
whistle [wIsl] n 1 (instrument) silbato,
pito. 2 (noise) silbido, pitido; (of train)
pitido; (of wind) silbido.
P vt (tune) silbar.
P vi (person, kettle, wind) silbar; (referee,
police, train) pitar.
white [waIt] adj 1 blanco,-a. 2 (pale)
plido,-a.
P n 1 blanco, color m blanco. 2 (per-
son) blanco,-a. 3 (of egg) clara. 4 (of eye)
blanco. c o m p white (blood) cell glbu
lo blanco. y the White House la Casa
Blanca.

Pn pl whites (linen) ropa f sing blanca;
(for tennis) ropa f sing de jugar al te
nis.
" La White House es la residencia ofi
cial del presidente de Estados Unidos y se
usa como sinnimo del gobierno de este
pas.
white-collar [waItkl r ] adj admi
nistrativo,-a; oficinista mf.
whiten [waIt n] vt blanquear, em
blanquecer.
a to whittle away vt sep mermar, ir
reduciendo, ir disminuyendo.
a to whittle down vt sep reducir.
whiz [wIz] n whizz.
whizz [wIz] n (sound) zumbido, sil
bido.
P vi 1 (make sound) zumbar, silbar. 2
(car, bullet) pasar zumbando, pasar
silbando; (time) pasar volando.
who [hU] pron 1 (direct questions) quin,
quines: who is it? quin es? 2 (indirect
questions) quin, quines: I dont know
who they are no s quines son. 3 (defin-
ing relative) que: youre the only one who
can help me eres el nico que puede ayu
darme. 4 (non-defining relative) que,
quien, quienes, el/la cual, los/las
cuales: the workers, who were on strike,
los trabajadores, los cuales estaban en
huelga,
whoever [hUev r] pron 1 (the person
who) quien, quienquiera que, el que.
2 (no matter who) quienquiera que,
cualquiera que. 3 (questions, exclama-
tions) quin?
whole [hUl] adj 1 (entire, all (the), the full
amount of) entero,-a, ntegro,-a,
todo,-a. 2 (intact, not broken) intacto,-a,
sano,-a; (in one piece, complete) entero,
-a. c o m p whole number nmero en
tero.
P n conjunto, todo. l o c as a whole en
conjunto, en su totalidad. y on the
whole en general.
wholemeal [hUlmil] adj integral.
wholesale [hUlseIl] adj 1 comm al por
mayor. 2 (complete, indiscriminate) total,
427 wicked
general, masivo,-a, sistemtico,-a,
absoluto,-a, indiscriminado, -a.
P adv 1 comm al por mayor. 2 (on a
large scale) de modo general, en su to
talidad, en masa, de manera siste
mtica.
P n comm venta al por mayor.
whom [hUm] pron 1 fml (direct questions)
a quin/quines: to whom should I ad-
dress it? a quin debera ir dirigido? 2
fml (relative - defining) que, quien, quie
nes; (- after preposition) quien, quienes,
el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales:
pupils whom I have taught alumnos a
quienes he dado clase. 3 (relative - non-
defining) quien, quienes, el cual, la
cual, los cuales, las cuales: our guest,
of whom you must all have heard, nuestro
invitado, de quien todos deben haber
odo hablar,
whopper [wpr] n 1 fam (large thing)
cosa enorme, cosa descomunal. 2
fam (lie) trola, bola.
whose [hUz] pron 1 (direct questions) de
quin/quines: whose is this? de quin
es esto? 2 (indirect questions) de quin/
quines: I dont know whose it is no s de
quin es.
P adj 1 (direct questions) de quin/qui
nes: whose dog is this? de quin es este
perro? 2 (indirect questions) de quin/
quines: I wonder whose books these are
me pregunto de quin sern estos libros.
3 (relative) cuyo,-a, cuyos,-as: the
woman whose car was stolen la mujer cu
yo coche fue robado.
why [waI] adv 1 (direct questions - for what
reason) por qu; (- for what purpose) para
qu: why didnt you go? por qu no fuis
te? 2 (indirect questions - for what reason)
por qu; (- for what purpose) para qu:
I asked him why he did it le pregunt por
qu lo hizo. 3 (relative) por eso: that is
why he left por eso se fue. c o m p why not?
por qu no?
P interj vaya!, anda!, toma!
P n porqu m.
wick [wIk] n mecha.
W
wicked [wIkId] adj 1 (evil - person) mal
vado,-a, malo,-a; (- action) malo,-a,
 wicker
perverso,-a, inicuo,-a. 2 (harmful)
peligroso,-a, daino,-a, nocivo,-a. 3
(mischievous) travieso,-a, pcaro,-a. 4
fam fig (very bad - gen) malsimo,-a; (-
weather) feo,-a, horrible; (- temper, price)
terrible; (- waste) vergonzoso,-a; (hu-
mour) cruel.
P n pl the wicked los malos.
wicker [wIkr] n mimbre m.
P adj de mimbre.
wide [waId] adj 1 (broad) ancho,-a;
(space, hole, gap) grande. 2 (having specified
width) de ancho. 3 (large - area) amplio,-
a, extenso,-a; (- knowledge, experience, re-
percussions) amplio,-a; (- coverage, range,
support) extenso,-a. 4 (eyes, smile)
abierto,-a. 5 (off target) desviado,-a.
P adv 1 (fully - gen) completamente. 2
(off target) desviado.
wide-angle [waIdQNg l] adj am
plio,-a. c o m p wide-angle lens objetivo
gran angular.
widely [waIdlI] adv 1 (over wide area or
range of things) extensamente; (general-
ly) generalmente. 2 (to a large degree)
mucho.
widen [waIdn] vt 1 (road, etc) ensan
char. 2 fig (knowledge, etc) ampliar, ex
tender.
P vi 1 (road, etc) ensancharse; (eyes)
abrirse. 2 (project, etc) extenderse; (dif-
ference, gap) aumentar.
widescreen [waIdskrin] adj tv panta
lla panormica.
widespread [waIdspred] adj (concern,
confusion, unrest, use, belief) generalizado,-
a; (damage, disease, news) extenso,
-a, extendido,-a. l o c to become wide
spread 1 (gen) generalizarse. 2 (illness,
news) extenderse, difundirse.
widow [wIdU] n viuda.
widower [wIdUr] n viudo.
width [wIdT] n 1 (gen) anchura. 2 (of
material) ancho. 3 (of swimming pool) an
cho.
wield [wild] vt 1 (weapon, tool, etc) em
puar, blandir, manejar. 2 fig (power,
control, etc) ejercer.
wife [waIf] n esposa, mujer f.
pl wives.
428
wig [wIg] n 1 (gen) peluca. 2 jur pelu
qun m.
wild [waIld] adj 1 (gen) salvaje. 2 (plant,
flower) silvestre; (vegetation) salvaje. 3
(country, landscape) agreste. 4 (weather -
wind) borrascoso,-a; (- sea) bravo,-a;
(- night) tempestuoso,-a. 5 (very excited
- person) loco,-a (with, de), alocado,
-a. 6 (showing lack of thought - thoughts,
talk) disparatado,-a; (- guess) al azar;
(- idea, scheme) descabellado,-a. 7 fam
(fantastic, crazy) brbaro,-a, salvaje.
l o c wild boar jabal m.
P n the wild estado salvaje, estado
natural, naturaleza.
wildcat [waIldkQt] n gato,-a monts.
c o m p wildcat strike huelga espont
nea.
wildebeest [wIldbist] n u m.
wildlife [waIldlaIf] n fauna. c o m p wild
life park reserva natural.
will1 [wIl] n 1 (control, volition) voluntad f;
(free will) albedro. 2 jur testamento,
ltimas fpl voluntades. l o c against
ones will contra su voluntad. c o m p
last will and testament ltima volun
tad f.
P vt 1 (make or intend to happen by power of
mind) desear, querer. 2 fml (intend, de-
sire) querer, ordenar, mandar. 3 jur
legar, dejar en testamento.
will2 [wIl] aux 1 (future): she will be here
tomorrow estar aqu maana. 2 (be dis-
posed to, be willing to): (no), I wont no quie
ro. 3 (requests) querer: will you do me a
favour? quieres hacerme un favor? 4
(general truths, custom): accidents will hap-
pen siempre habr accidentes. 5 (orders,
commands): will you be quiet! quieres ca
llarte! 6 (insistence, persistence) insistir
en: she will play her music at full volume
insiste en poner la msica a tope. 7 (can,
possibility) poder: this phone will accept
credit cards este telfono va con tarjetas
de crdito. 8 (supposition, must, probability)
deber de: thatll be John ser John, debe
de ser John.
willing [wIlIN] adj 1 (without being forced)
complaciente, de gran voluntad,
dispuesto,-a; (eager) entusiasta. 2
 429
(ready, prepared, disposed) dispuesto,-a
(to, a). 3 (given/done gladly) voluntario,
-a. c o m p to show willing dar pruebas
de buena voluntad.
willingly [wIlINlI] adv de buena gana,
de buen grado.
willow [wIlU] n sauce m.
willpower [wIlpaUr] n (fuerza de)
voluntad f.
wilt [wIlt] vt marchitar, secar.
P vi 1 (plant) marchitarse, secarse. 2
(person - become weak or tired) debilitar
se, decaer, languidecer; (- lose confi-
dence) desanimarse.
wimp [wImp] n fam pej debilucho,-a,
esmirriado,-a, canijo,-a.
win [wIn] n victoria,
P vt 1 (gen) ganar; (victory) conseguir,
ganar. 2 (prize, cup, etc) ganar, llevarse.
3 (gain, obtain, achieve - gen) conseguir,
obtener, ganar; (- friendship, respect)
granjearse; (- sympathy, affection) ganar
se, granjearse; (- support) atraer, cap
tar; (- heart, love) conquistar.
P vi ganar.
pt & pp won, ger winning.
wind1 [wInd] n 1 meteor viento, aire
m. 2 (breath) aliento. 3 (flatulence) gases
mpl, flato; (air) gases mpl del estma
go. 4 pej (talk) palabrera.
P adj mus de viento. c o m p wind instru
ment instrumento de viento.
P vt 1 dejar sin aliento, cortar la res
piracin. 2 (baby) hacer eructar.
wind2 [waInd] vt 1 (handle) dar vueltas
a, girar. 2 (on reel) arrollar, devanar. 3
(tape, film) bobinar. 4 (clock) dar cuerda
a (up, -). 5 (bandage, scarf) envolver;
(wool) ovillar.
P vi (road, river) serpentear, zigza
guear; (staircase) formar una espiral.
pt & pp wound [waUnd].
P n (bend) curva, recodo, vuelta.
windlass [wIndls] n torno.
windmill [wIndmIl] n molino de
viento.
window [wIndU] n 1 (gen) ventana. 2
(in vehicle, bank, theatre, etc) ventanilla.
3 (of shop) escaparate m. 4 (glass) cris
tal m. 5 comput ventana.
winning
window-dressing [wIndUdresIN] n
1 decoracin f de escaparates, esca
paratismo. 2 fig fachada, aparien
cias fpl.
windowpane [wIndUpeIn] n cristal m.
windpipe [wIndpaIp] n trquea.
windscreen [wIndskrin] n auto para
brisas m inv. c o m p windscreen wiper
limpiaparabrisas m.
windshield [wIndSild] n us wind
screen.
windsurf [wIndsf] vi hacer wind
surfing.
windsurfing [wIndsfIN] n windsurf m.
windy [wIndI] adj 1 (day, weather)
ventoso,-a; (place) expuesto,-a al
viento. 2 (speech) rimbombante.
comp windier, superl windiest.
wine [waIn] n 1 vino: red/ros/white
wine vino tinto/rosado/blanco. 2 (col-
our) (color m ) morado, granate m .
c o m p wine cellar bodega. y wine
grower vinicultor,-ra. y wine taster
catavinos mf.
winery [waInrI] n bodega.
pl wineries.
wineskin [waInskIn] n odre m, bota.
wing [wIN] n 1 (gen) ala. 2 auto aleta. 3
sp(side) banda; (player) extremo,-a.
P vivolar.
P n pl wings theat bastidores mpl.
winged [wINd] adj alado,-a, con alas.
winger [wINr] n sp extremo,-a.
wingspan [wINspQn] n envergadura.
wink [wINk] n guio.
P vi 1 (person) guiar el ojo. 2 (of light,
star) titilear, parpadear..
a to wink at vt insep (pretend not to notice)
hacer la vista gorda.
winker [wInkr] n gb (indicator) intermi
tente m.
winkle [wINkl] n bgaro, bigarro.
winner [wIn r ] n 1 ganador,-ra,
vencedor,-ra. 2 fam (idea, etc) xito.
winning [wInIN] adj 1 (person, team, etc)
ganador,-ra. 2 (ticket, number, etc)
premiado,-a. 3 (stroke, goal) decisivo,-a. 4
W
(smile, ways) atractivo,-a, encantador,-ra.
P n pl winnings ganancias fpl.
 winter
winter [wInt ] n invierno.
r
P vi fml invernar, pasar el invierno.
c o m p winter solstice solsticio de in
vierno.
wipe [waIp] vt (clean) limpiar; (dry) en
jugar.
P vi (dishes) enjugar.
P n 1 (clean) lavado, fregado. 2 (cloth)
pao, trapo.
a to wipe out vt sep 1 (destroy - army)
aniquilar; (- population, species) exter
minar. 2 (clean inside) limpiar el inte
rior de. 3 (cancel - debts) saldar, liqui
dar, cancelar; (- profit) borrar, anular.
wiper [waIpr] n auto limpiaparabri
sas m inv.
wire [waIr] n 1 (metal) alambre m. 2
elec cable m, hilo. 3 (fence) alambra
da, valla. 4 us telegrama m. c o m p wire
cutters cortaalambres m inv.
P vt 1 (fasten, join) atar con alambre. 2
(house) hacer la instalacin elctrica
de; (equipment, appliance) conectar (a la
toma elctrica). 3 us (telegram) enviar
un telegrama a; (money) mandar un
giro telegrfico a.
wired [waId] adj conectado,-a.
wireless [waIls] n 1 (set) radio f. 2
(system) radiofona. c o m p wireless op
erator radiotelegrafista mf.
wiring [waIrIN] n cableado.
wisdom [wIzdm] n 1 (knowledge) sabi
dura, saber m. 2 (good sense - of person)
cordura, (buen) juicio, tino; (- of action)
prudencia, sabidura, sensatez f .
c o m p wisdom tooth muela del juicio.
wise [waIz] adj 1 (learned, knowledgeable)
sabio,-a. 2 (sensible, prudent - person) pru
dente, sensato,-a; (- action, remark)
prudente; (- advice) sabio,-a; (- decision,
choice, move) atinado,-a, acertado,-a.
c o m p the Three Wise Men los Reyes
Magos. y wise guy sabelotodo.
. Consulta three.
a to wise up vi (realize, become aware)
darse cuenta; (become informed) ente
rarse; (wake up) espabilarse.
430
wish [wIS] vt 1 (want) querer, desear. 2
fml (demand, want) querer. 3 (hope) de
sear.
P vi 1 desear (for, -). 2 fml (want) que
rer.
P n deseo.
P n pl wishes (greeting) deseos mpl; (in
letter) saludos mpl, recuerdos mpl.
a to wish on vt sep: I wouldnt wish that
on anyone eso no se lo deseara a nadie.
wishful [wISfUl] adj fml de ensueo.
c o m p wishful thinking ilusiones fpl.
wisp [wIsp] n 1 (of grass, straw, etc) briz
na; (of hair, wool, etc) mechn m ; (of
smoke, cloud) voluta. 2 (person) persona
menuda.
wistful [wIstfUl] adj pensativo,-a,
nostlgico,-a, melanclico,-a.
wit [wIt] n 1 (clever humour) agudeza,
ingenio. 2 (intelligence) inteligencia. 3
(person) persona salada, chistoso,-a.
witch [wItS] n bruja. c o m p witch doctor
hechicero.
pl witches.
witchcraft [wItSkrAft] n brujera.
witch-hunt [wItShnt] n caza de bru
jas.
with [wID, wIT] prep 1 (accompanying)
con: come with me ven conmigo. 2 (hav-
ing, possessing) con, de; (including, and al-
so) con, incluido: the man with the beard
el hombre de la barba. 3 (using, by means
of) con: cut it with a knife crtalo con un
cuchillo. 4 (cover, fill, contain) de: you fill it
with water lo llenas de agua. 5 (agreeing, in
support of) con: were with you all the way!
estamos contigo hasta el final! 6 (against)
con: Ive had a row with Daniel he discuti
do con Daniel. 7 (because of, on account of)
de: trembling with fear temblando de mie
do. 8 (indicating manner) con: with pleasure
con mucho gusto. 9 (in same direction as)
con: with the flow con la corriente. 10 (at
the same time and rate as) con: wine im-
proves with age el vino mejora con los
aos. 11 (regarding, concerning) con: this
has nothing to do with you esto no tiene na
da que ver contigo. 12 (in the case of, as re-
gards) con respecto a, en cuanto a:
with Mrs Smith what happened was that en

el caso de la Seora Smith lo que pas
fue que 13 (as an employee or client of)
en: shes with the council now trabaja en el
ayuntamiento ahora. 14 (remaining): with
only half an hour to go cuando tan solo fal
ta media hora. 15 (despite, in spite of) con:
with all his faults con todos sus defectos.
16 (in comparisons) con: if we compare this
brand with a cheaper one si comparamos
esta marca con una ms barata. 17 (ill-
ness) con: hes in bed with flu est en cama
con la gripe. 18 (according to) segn, de
acuerdo con: prices vary with the seasons
los precios varan segn la temporada.
withdraw [wIDdr] vt 1 (take out) reti
rar, sacar. 2 fml (retract, take back - state-
ment) retractarse de, retirar; (- offer)
renunciar a; (- charge, support) retirar.
pt withdrew [wIDdru], pp withdrawn
[wIDdrn].
P vi (retire, not take part in) retirarse. c o m p
to withdraw into oneself retraerse.
withdrawal [wIDdrl] n 1 (gen) reti
rada. 2 (of words) retractacin f. 3 (psy-
chology, behaviour) retraimiento. c o m p
withdrawal symptoms sndrome m de
abstinencia.
withdrawn [wIDdrn] pp with
draw.
withdrew [wIDdru] pt withdraw.
wither [wIDr] vt 1 (plant) marchitar,
secar. 2 (crush) fulminar, aplastar, in
timidar.
P vi 1 (plant) marchitarse (away, -), se
carse (away, -). 2 fig (hopes, etc) desva
necerse, menguar.
within [wIDIn] prep 1 fml (inside) dentro
de. 2 (inside range or limits of) al alcance
de. 3 (less than - distance) a menos de. 4
(less than - time) dentro de.
P adv fml dentro, en el interior.
without [wIDaUt] prep 1 sin. 2 arch
fuera de.
P adv 1 fuera. 2 sin.
withstand [wIDstQnd] vt (gen) resistir;
(pain) aguantar, soportar.
pt & pp withstood [wIDstUd].
withstood [wIDstUd] pt & pp with
stand.
431 wonder
witness [wItns] n 1 (person) testigo
mf. 2 fml (testimony, evidence) testimo
nio.
pl witnesses.
P vt 1 (see) presenciar, ver. 2 (document)
firmar como testigo. 3 (be a sign or
proof of) testimoniar; (look at the example
of) ver, notar, considerar.
P vi jur fml (give evidence, testify) atesti
guar (to, -), declarar (to, -).
witty [wItI] adj (person) ingenioso,-a,
agudo,-a, salado,-a; (remark) agudo,
-a; (speech) gracioso,-a.
comp wittier, superl wittiest.
wives [waIvz] n pl wife.
wed [wid] contr (we had, we would)
have, would.
wizard [wIzd] n 1 (male witch) brujo,
hechicero. 2 (genius) lince mf, genio,
experto,-a.
woeful [wUfUl] adj 1 fml (very sad) afli
gido,-a, apenado,-a, triste. 2 (deplor-
able) lamentable, deplorable, peno
so,-a, malsimo,-a.
woke [wUk] pt wake.
woken [weUkn] pp have, wake.
wolf [wUlf] n lobo. c o m p wolf cub
lobezno.
pl wolves.
P vt [ also wolf down] tragarse, zam
parse, devorar.
wolfhound [wUlfhaUnd] n perro lobo.
wolfram [wUlfrm] n wolframio, vol
framio, wolfram m.
wolves [wUlvz] pl wolf.
woman [wUmn] n mujer f, seora.
pl women [wImIn].
womb [wUm] n tero, matriz f.
women [wImIn] n pl woman.
won [wn] pt & pp win.
wonder [wndr] n 1 (thing) maravilla,
milagro. 2 (feeling) admiracin f ,
asombro.
P adj milagroso,-a.
P vt 1 fml (be surprised) sorprenderse,
extraarse. 2 (ask oneself) preguntar
W
se. 3 (polite request): I wonder if you can
help me a ver si puede ayudarme.
 wonderful
P vi 1 (reflect, ponder) pensar ( about ,
en); (doubt) tener dudas. 2 fml (marvel)
asombrarse, maravillarse, admirar
se. c o m p I shouldnt wonder if + indic
no me extraara que + subj. y its a
wonder (that) + indic es un milagro
que + subj . y no/little/small wonder
(that) + indic no es de extraar que +
subj.
wonderful [wndfUl] adj maravillo
so,-a, estupendo,-a.
wont [wUnt] n costumbre f, hbito.
wont [wUnt] contr (will not) will.
wood [wUd] n 1 (material) madera. 2 (for
fire) lea. 3 (forest) bosque m. 4 sp (golf)
palo de madera; (bowling) bola.
P n pl woods bosque m sing.
wooden [wUdn] adj 1 de madera. 2
fig (expression, style) rgido,-a; (move-
ment) tieso,-a; (acting) sin expresin.
woodland [wUdlnd] n bosque m, ar
bolado, monte m.
woodpecker [wUdpekr] n pico, pja
ro carpintero.
woodwork [wUdwk] n 1 (craft) car
pintera. 2 (of building) maderaje m,
maderamen m.
woodworm [wUdwm] n carcoma: it
has woodworm est carcomido,-a.
woody [wUdI] adj 1 (wooded) arbola
do,-a. 2 (like wood) leoso,-a.
comp woodier, superl woodiest.
wool [wUl] n lana.
P adj 1 (made of wool) de lana. 2 comm
lanero,-a.
woolen [wUln] adj-n us woollen.
woollen [wUln] adj 1 (made of wool) de
lana. 2 comm lanero,-a.
P n pl woollens gneros mpl de lana.
word [wd] n 1 (gen) palabra: tell me
what happened in your own words explca
me con tus propias palabras lo que pas.
2 (message, news) noticia: word came that
lleg noticia (de) que 3 (promise) pala
bra: I give you my word te doy mi palabra.
4 (command) orden f: wait until I give the
word espera hasta que d la orden. 5 ling
palabra, vocablo, voz f. 6 the word (ru-
mour) voz f, rumor m: the word is that Ma-
cy is pregnant corre la voz de que Macy
432
est embarazada. l o c in a word en una
palabra. y in other words o sea, es de
cir. y not in so many words no exacta
mente. y to keep ones word cumplir
su palabra. y to put sth into words ex
presar algo con palabras. y word for
word palabra por palabra. c o m p a word
of advice un consejo. y a word of warn
ing una advertencia. y word processor
procesador m de textos.
P n pl words (lyrics) letra f sing. (discussion,
talk) palabras fpl.
P vt expresar, formular, redactar: a
well-worded letter una carta bien redac
tada.
wording [wdIN] n redaccin f, ex
presin f, palabras fpl, trminos mpl.
wore [wr] pt wear.
work [wk] n 1 (gen) trabajo. 2 (em-
ployment) empleo, trabajo. 3 (building
work, roadworks) obras fpl. 4 (product, re-
sults) trabajo, obra. 5 (literary, etc) obra.
P vt 1 (person) hacer trabajar. 2 (machine)
manejar; (mechanism) accionar. 3 (mine,
oil well) explotar; (land, fields) trabajar,
cultivar. 4 (produce) hacer. 5 (wood, met-
al, clay) trabajar; (dough) amasar. 6
(make by work or effort) trabajar. 7 fam
(arrange) arreglar. 8 (move gradually):
work the butter into the flour vaya mez
clando la mantequilla con la harina. c o m p
to be in work tener trabajo. y to be out
of work estar en el paro. y to get
down/set to work ponerse a trabajar.
y to get worked up exaltarse.
P vi 1 (gen) trabajar. 2 (machine, system)
funcionar. 3 (medicine, cleaner) surtir
efecto; (plan) tener xito. 4 (move):
they eventually worked round to my way of
thinking finalmente coincidieron con mi
parecer.
Pn pl works (factory) fbrica f sing.
a to work out vt sep 1 (calculation, sum)
calcular, hacer. 2 (plan, scheme) planear,
elaborar, pensar; (itinerary) planear; (de-
tails, idea) desarrollar. 3 (problem) solu
cionar, resolver; (solution) encontrar. 4
(person) calar, entender.
P vi 1 (calculation) salir (at, por), resul
tar. 2 (turn out well - things) salir bien;

(- problem) resolverse. 3 sp hacer ejer
cicio.
workaholic [wkhlIk] n fam
adicto,-a al trabajo.
workbench [wkbentS] n banco de
trabajo.
workbook [wkbUk] n cuaderno, li
breta de ejercicios.
workday [wkdeI] n us da m labora
ble.
worker [wkr] n (gen) trabajador,-ra;
(manual) obrero,-a, operario,-a; (office)
oficinista mf, administrativo,-a. c o m p
worker bee abeja obrera.
workforce [wkfs] n (of company, fac-
tory, etc) personal m, plantilla; (of coun-
try) poblacin f activa.
working [wkIN] adj 1 (clothes, condi-
tions, surface) de trabajo; (week, day, life)
laborable. 2 (population, partner, etc)
activo,-a; (person, mother) que trabaja.
c o m p the working class la clase traba
jadora.
P n (machine, model) que funciona; (part)
mvil.
P adj 1 (majority) suficiente. 2 (hypothe-
sis, etc) de trabajo.
P n (of machine) funcionamiento; (of pit)
explotacin f.
P n pl workings (of mine, quarry) pozos
mpl. (mechanics) funcionamiento.
working-class [wkINklAs] adj (per-
son) de clase obrera, de clase trabaja
dora; (area) obrero,-a.
workman [wkmn] n (gen) trabaja worried
dor m; (manual) obrero, operario.
pl workmen [wkmn].
workmate [wkmeIt] n compaero,
-a de trabajo.
workplace [wkpleIs] n lugar m de
trabajo.
workshop [wkSp] n taller m.
worktop [wktp] n encimera.
world [wld] n 1 (earth) mundo: Id love
to travel round the world me encantara
dar la vuelta al mundo. 2 (sphere) mun
do: the world of show business el mundo
del espectculo. 3 (life) mundo, vida: in
this world en esta vida. 4 (people) mun
do: in the eyes of the world a los ojos del
433 worrying
mundo. 5 (large amount, large number):
this will make a world of difference to the
disabled esto cambiar totalmente la vi
da de los minusvlidos. l o c out of this
world fenomenal.
P adj (population, peace) mundial; (poli-
tics, trade) internacional: world record
rcord mundial; world power potencia
mundial. c o m p World Bank Banco
Mundial. y world champion cam
pen,-ona mundial. y World Cup el
Mundial, los Mundiales. y world fair
exposicin f internacional. y world
music msica tnica. y World Wusic
guerra mundial.
worldwide [wldwaId] adj mundial,
universal.
P adv mundialmente.
worm [wm] n 1 (grub, maggot) gusa
no; (earthworm) lombriz f. 2 pej (person)
gusano, canalla. 3 tech (of screw) tor
nillo.
P vt 1 (make ones way) deslizarse; (in-
sinuate) insinuarse ( into, en). 2 med
quitar las lombrices a, desparasi
tar.
P n pl worms med lombrices fpl.
worn [wn] pp wear.
worn-out [wnaUt] [se escribe worn
out cuando no se usa para calificar a un
nombre] adj 1 (thing) gastado,-a, estro
peado,-a. 2 (person) rendido,-a, ago
tado,-a.
[wrId] adj (person) inquie
to,-a, preocupado,-a ( about, por);
(look, voice) de preocupacin.
worry [wrI] n (state, feeling) preocupa
cin f, inquietud f, intranquilidad f;
(problem) preocupacin f, problema
m; (responsibility) responsabilidad f.
pl worries.
P vt 1 inquietar, preocupar. 2 (annoy,
disturb) molestar. 3 (of dog) acosar, per
seguir.
P vi inquietarse, preocuparse (about/
over, por).
pt & pp worried, ger worrying.
W
worrying [wrIIN] adj inquietante,
preocupante, desconcertante.
 worse
worse [ws] adj (comp of bad) peor.
P adv (comp of badly) peor; (more intensely)
ms. l o c to be worse off 1 (financially)
andar peor de dinero. 2 (physically)
estar peor. y to get worse empeorar. y
to get worse and worse ir de mal en
peor. y to go from bad to worse ir de
mal en peor. y to make matters worse
por si fuera poco. y worse still lo que
es peor.
P n lo peor.
worsen [wsn] vt empeorar.
P vi empeorarse.
worship [wSIp] n 1 rel adoracin f,
veneracin f, culto; (service) culto,
oficio. 2 (devotion, love) amor m, culto,
idolatra.
P vt 1 rel adorar, venerar. 2 (idolize)
rendir culto a, idolatrar.
pt & pp worshipped, ger worshipping.
worst [wst] adj (superl of bad) peor.
P adv (superl) peor.
P n (indefinite) lo peor; (person) el/la
peor, los/las peores. l o c at (the)
worst en el peor de los casos. y if the
worst comes to the worst si pasa lo
peor.
worth [wT] n 1 (in money) valor m. 2
(of person) vala; (of thing) valor m.
P adj 1 (having certain value) que vale,
que tiene un valor de. 2 (deserving of)
que vale la pena, que merece la pe
na. l o c to get ones moneys worth sa
carle jugo al dinero. y to be worth sbs
while valer la pena.
worthless [wTls] adj 1 (gen) sin va
lor. 2 (useless) intil, sin ningn valor.
3 (person) despreciable.
worthwhile [wTwaIl] adj (gen) que
vale la pena, que merece la pena.
worthy [wDI] adj 1 (deserving) dig
no,-a (of, de), merecedor,-ra (of, de);
(winner, opponent, successor) digno,-a. 2
(action, cause) meritorio,-a, bueno,-a,
justo,-a.
comp worthier, superl worthiest.
would [wUd] aux 1 (conditional): I would
love to me encantara. 2 (polite requests):
would you be so kind as to close the window?
me hara usted el favor de cerrar la ven
434
tana? 3 (offers, invitations): would you like a
drink? quieres tomar algo? 4 (willing-
ness): he wouldnt help me se neg a ayu
darme, no quiso ayudarme. 5 (giving ad-
vice): I wouldnt dwell on it yo que t no
pensara en ello. 6 (conjecture): that would
have been in 1978 eso debe haber sido en
1978. 7 (past habit, custom) soler: we
would often go out together a menudo sa
lamos juntos. 8 (insistence, persistence):
you would say that! es tpico de ti decir
eso!
wound1 [wUnd] n herida.
P vt herir.
wound2 [waUnd] pt & pp wind2
wounded [wUndId] adj herido,-a.
Pn pl the wounded los heridos.
wove [wUv] pt weave.
woven [wUvn] pp weave.
wrap [rQp] vt 1 (cover) envolver. 2 fig
(surround, immerse) envolver (in, de),
rodear (in, de).
a to wrap up vi 1 (wear warm clothes)
abrigarse. 2 (shut up) callarse, cerrar
el pico.
P vt sep (complete) conseguir; (conclude)
concluir, dar fin a.
pt & pp wrapped, ger wrapping.
wrapper [rQpr] n (of food) envoltorio,
envoltura; (of book) sobrecubierta.
wrapping [rQpIN] n envoltura, en
voltorio. c o m p wrapping paper 1
(plain) papel m de envolver. 2 (fancy)
papel m de regalo.
wrath [rT] n clera, ira.
wreak [rik] vt causar, provocar, sem
brar. c o m p to wreak damage/havoc on
sth hacer estragos en algo.
wreath [riT] n (of flowers) corona.
wreck [rek] n 1 mar (action) naufragio;
(ship) barco naufragado o hundido. 2
(of car, plane) restos mpl; (of building) rui
nas fpl, escombros mpl. 3 fig (person)
ruina.
P vt 1 mar (ship) hacer naufragar. 2 (car,
plane) destrozar; (machine) desbaratar,
estropear. 3 fig (health, career) arruinar;
(life, marriage) destrozar; (hopes) destruir,
echar por tierra; (plans) estropear, des
baratar; (chances) echar a perder.
 435
wreckage [rekIdZ] n 1 (of vehicle) restos
mpl; (of building) ruinas fpl, escombros
mpl. 2 fig ruina.
wrecked [rekt] adj 1 mar (ship) nau
fragado,-a; (sailor) nufrago,-a. 2 (car,
plane) destrozado,-a; (building) dest
ruido,-a.
P n fig (life, career, hopes) arruinado,-a,
destrozado,-a; (plans) estropeado,-a.
P adj fam fig (stoned) ciego,-a, coloca
do,-a, pasado,-a.
wrench [rentS] n 1 (pull) tirn m, arran
que m. 2 med torcedura. 3 fig separa
cin f dolorosa. 4 gb (tool) llave f in
glesa. 5 us (tool) llave f.
pl wrenches.
P vt 1 (pull) arrancar (de un tirn),
arrebatar. 2 med torcer.
wrestle [resl] vi 1 (fight) luchar (with,
con/contra). 2 fig (problem, conscience)
luchar (with, con), lidiar (with, con).
P vt luchar contra.
P n lucha.
wrestler [reslr] n sp luchador,-ra.
wrestling [reslIN] n lucha.
wretch [retS] n 1 (unfortunate person)
d e sd i c h a d o , - a , i n f e l i z ,
desgraciado,-a. 2 fam (rascal) pillo,-a,
pcaro,-a, granuja mf. 3 (bad person)
canalla mf, malvado,-a.
wriggle [rIgl] vi retorcerse, menear
se, moverse.
P vt menear, mover.
P n meneo.
wriggly [rIglI] adj sinuoso,-a.
comp wrigglier, superl wriggliest.
wring [rIN] vt 1 (ones hands) torcer, re
torcer; (birds neck) retorcer. 2 (clothes)
escurrir (out, -), retorcer (out, -). 3 fig
(heart) partir. 4 fig (confession, truth, etc)
sonsacar, arrancar, sacar.
pt & pp wrung [rUN].
P n (of clothes): give it a good wring escrre
lo bien.
wringer [rINr] n escurridor m, rodi
llo.
wrinkle [rINkl] n arruga.
P vt arrugar.
P vi arrugarse.
wrinkled [rINkld] adj arrugado,-a.
wrong
wrist [rIst] n 1 anat mueca. 2 (of
clothes) puo.
wristband [rIstbQnd] n 1 (of clothes)
puo. 2 (sweatband) muequera.
wristwatch [rIstwtS] n reloj m de
pulsera.
pl wristwatches.
write [raIt] vt (gen) escribir; (article) re
dactar; (cheque) extender.
P vi (gen) escribir (about, sobre).
a to write back vi contestar (por car
ta).
a to write down vt sep (note) anotar,
apuntar.
pt wrote [rUt], pp written [rItn],
ger writing.
writer [raIt r] n 1 (by profession) es
critor,-ra; (of book, letter) autor,-ra. 2 (of
handwriting): shes a neat writer tiene bue
na letra.
writhe [raID] vi (physically) retorcerse,
contorsionarse.
writing [raItIN] n 1 (script) escritura;
(handwriting) letra. 2 (written work) com
posicin f, trabajo. 3 (occupation) pro
fesin f de escritor,-ra, trabajo lite
rario; (activity) escribir m . l o c in
writing por escrito. c o m p writing desk
escritorio. y writing materials objetos
mpl de escritorio. y writing paper pa
pel m de escribir.
P n pl writings obra, escritos mpl.
written [rItn] pp write.
P adj escrito,-a. l o c the written word
la palabra escrita. c o m p written con
sent consentimiento por escrito. y
written exam examen m escrito.
wrong [rN] adj 1 (erroneous) errneo,-a,
equivocado,-a, incorrecto,-a: a wrong
answer una respuesta incorrecta. 2 (mis-
taken) equivocado,-a: we proved him
wrong demostramos que estaba equivo
cado. 3 (evil, immoral) malo,-a; (unaccep-
table, unfair) injusto,-a: stealing is wrong
robar es malo. 4 (amiss) mal: is anything
wrong? pasa algo? 5 (unsuitable) inade
cuado,-a, impropio,-a; (time) inopor
tuno,-a: shes the wrong person for the job
W
no es la persona adecuada para el pues
to; I think I said the wrong thing creo que
wrote
he dicho algo que no deba; he was in
the wrong place at the wrong time estaba
en el sitio equivocado en el momento
inoportuno. l o c to be in the wrong 1
(mistaken) estar equivocado,-a. 2 (at
fault) tener la culpa. y to be wrong (per-
son) estar equivocado,-a, no tener
razn, equivocarse. y to have/get the
wrong number (tel) confundirse de
nmero, equivocarse de nmero. y
to get sb wrong malinterpretar a algn.
y to get sth wrong equivocarse, no
acertar. y to go wrong 1 (things in general)
salir mal. 2 (make a mistake) equivocar
se. 3 (go wrong way) equivocarse de
436
camino. (machine, device) romperse,
estropearse. (plan) fallar, fracasar. y
wrong side out al revs. y you cant go
wrong (giving directions) no tiene prdi
da.
P adv mal, incorrectamente, equivo
cadamente.
P n 1 (evil, bad action) mal m. 2 (injustice)
injusticia; (offence) agravio.
P vt (treat unfairly) ser injusto,-a con;
(judge unfairly) juzgar mal; (offend) agra
viar.
wrote [rUt] pt write.
wrung [rN] pt & pp wring.
wry [raI] adj irnico,-a, sardnico,-a.

X, x [eks] n (the letter) X, x f.
xenon [zenn] n xenn m.
xenophobia [zenfUbI] n xenofobia.
xenophobic [zenfUbIk] adj xenfo
bo,-a.
xerography [zIrgrfI] n xerografa.
Xerox [zIrks] n xerocopia, foto
copia.
X
437
P vt xerocopiar, fotocopiar.
X-ray [eksreI] n 1 rayo X. 2 (photo-
graph) radiografa.
P vt radiografiar.
xylene [zaIlin] n xileno.
xylography [zaIlgrfI] n xilografa.
xylophone [zaIlfUn] n xilfono.
 Y
438
Y, y [waI] n (the letter) Y, y f.
yacht [jt] n 1 yate m. 2 (with sails) vele
ro, yate m . c o m p yacht club club m
nutico. y yacht race regata.
yachting [jtIN] n deporte m de la vela,
vela.
yak [jQk] n yac m, yak m.
yank [jQNk] n fam tirn m.
P vt fam tirar de.
a to yank out vt sep arrancar, sacar de
un tirn.
yard [jAd] n 1 (measure) yarda. 2 gb (of
house) patio. 3 us (of house) jardn m. 4
(industrial) almacn m. 5 (naut) verga.
c o m p Scotland Yard oficina central de la poli-
ca britnica en Londres.
. Una yarda equivale a 0,914 metros.
yarn [jAn] n 1 hilo. 2 (story) cuento.
comp to spin a yarn 1 (story) contar un
cuento. 2 (lie) venir con cuentos.
yawn [jn] vi 1 bostezar. 2 (gap, etc)
abrirse.
P n 1 bostezo. 2 fam (boring event) rollo.
year [jIr] n 1 ao. 2 educ curso. l o c
all the year round durante todo el
ao. y year in, year out ao tras ao.
yearbook [jIbUk] n anuario.
yearly [jIlI] adj anual.
P adv anualmente.
yearn [jn] vi (desire) anhelar (for, -),
ansiar (for, -); (nostalgically) aorar. l o c
to yearn to do sth suspirar por hacer
algo.
yearning [jnIN] n (desire) anhelo (for,
de); (nostalgia) aoranza (for, de).
P adj anhelante.
yeast [jist] n levadura.
yell [jel] n grito, alarido.
P vi gritar, dar alaridos.
yellow [jelU] adj 1 amarillo,-a. 2 (cow-
ardly) cobarde.
P n amarillo.
P vt ponerse amarillo.
P vi amarillear. c o m p yellow card (sp)
tarjeta amarilla. y yellow fever fiebre f
amarilla. y yellow jersey (sp) maillot m
amarillo. y Yellow Pages pginas ama
rillas. y yellow press prensa sensacio
nalista.
yelp [jelp] n gaido.
P vi gair.
Yemen [jemn] n Yemen.
Yemeni [jemnI] adj yemen.
P n yemen mf.
yeoman [IUmn] n hist pequeo terra
teniente m. c o m p yeoman of the guard
alabardero de la Torre de Londres.
yes [jes] adv 1 s. 2 (answering person) di
me; (answering phone) dgame?
P n s m. l o c to say yes decir que s.
yesterday [jestdI] adv ayer.
P n ayer m. l o c the day before yester
day anteayer.
yesteryear [jestjIr] adv lit antao.
yet [jet] adv 1 todava, an. 2 (until
now) hasta la fecha, hasta ahora. 3
(even) an, todava. 4 (expressing future
possibility, hope, etc) an: dont give up, you
may win yet no te rindas, an puedes ga
nar. c o m p yet again otra vez. y yet an
other otro,-a ms: yet another gold
medal for Broddle otra medalla de oro
ms para Broddle.
P conj pero, aunque: a cheap yet effective
solution to the problem una solucin bara
ta pero efectiva para el problema.
yew [jU] n tejo.
yield [jild] n 1 (harvest) cosecha. 2 fin
(return) rendimiento, rdito.

P vt 1 (produce) producir, dar. 2 (give,
hand over) entregar. 3 fin rendir.
P vi 1 (surrender) rendirse ( to , ante),
ceder (to, a). 2 (break) ceder. 3 us ce
der el paso.
a to yield up vt sep (secrets) revelar.
yoghourt [jgt] n yoghurt.
yoghurt [jgt] n yogur m. c o m p yo
ghurt maker yogurtera.
yogurt [jgt] n yoghurt.
yoke [jUk] n 1 (for carrying, pulling) yugo.
2 (pair of oxen) yunta. 3 sew canes m.
P vt 1 (oxen) uncir. 2 fig unir.
yolk [jUk] n yema.
you [jU] pron 1 (subject, familiar, singular)
t: and what did you say? y t, qu dijis yours [jz] pron 1 (familiar, singular) (el)
te? 2 (subject, familiar, plural - men) voso
tros; (- women) vosotras: you two, where
are you going? vosotros dos, adnde
vais? 3 (subject, polite, singular) usted,
Vd., Ud.: you must wait here until the
doctor arrives usted debe esperar aqu
hasta que llegue el mdico. 4 (subject, po-
lite, plural) ustedes, Vds., Uds.: you
must both wait here ustedes dos deben
esperar aqu. 5 (subject, impersonal) se,
uno: you can go by coach or train se puede
ir en tren o en autocar. 6 (object, familiar,
singular) te; (with prep) ti; (if prep is con)
contigo: Im going with you voy contigo.
7 (object, familiar, plural) os; (with preposi-
tion) vosotros,-as: Ill go with you ir con
vosotros. 8 (direct object, polite, singular -
man) lo, le; (- woman) la; (with preposition)
usted: good morning, sir, can I help you?
buenos das, seor, puedo ayudarlo? 9
(direct object, polite, plural - men) los;
(- women) las; (with preposition) ustedes: I
wanted to talk to you two ladies quera ha
blar con ustedes dos. 10 (indirect object,
polite, singular) le: Ill send you a letter le
mandar una carta. 11 (indirect object, po-
lite, plural) les: I sent both of you a card les
mand una felicitacin a los dos. 12 (ob-
ject, impersonal): cyanide kills you el cianu
ro mata.
young [jN] adj (gen) joven; (brother,
sister) menor. l o c to be young at heart
439 yuppie
ser joven de espritu. c o m p young la
dy 1 (woman) seorita. 2 (girlfriend) no
via. y young man 1 (man) joven m, mu
chacho. 2 (boyfriend) novio. y young
woman joven f, muchacha.
P n the young (humans) los jvenes
mpl, la juventud f, la gente f joven;
(animals) las cras fpl.
youngish [jNIS] adj bastante joven,
juvenil.
youngster [jNstr] n joven mf.
your [jr] adj 1 (familiar, singular) tu, tus;
(plural) vuestro,-a, vuestros,-as. 2 (po-
lite) su, sus. 3 fml (address) Su: Your Maj-
esty Su Majestad.
tuyo, (la) tuya, (los) tuyos, (las) tu
yas; (plural) (el) vuestro, (la) vuestra,
(los) vuestros, (las) vuestras. 2 (polite)
(el) suyo, (la) suya, (los) suyos, (las)
suyas. 3 (letters) le saluda: Yours sin-
cerely le saluda atentamente
yourself [jself] pron 1 (familiar singular)
te; (emphatic) t mismo,-a. 2 (polite sin-
gular) se; (emphatic) usted mismo,-a.
yourselves [jselvz] pron 1 (familiar
plural) os; (emphatic) vosotros,-as
mismos,-as. 2 (polite plural) se; (em-
phatic) ustedes mismos,-as.
youth [jUT] n 1 (period) juventud f. 2
(young person) joven mf. 3 (young people)
juventud f , los jvenes mpl . c o m p
youth club club m juvenil. y youth hos
tel albergue m juvenil.
youthful [jUTfUl] adj joven, juvenil.
yowl [jaUl] n aullido.
P vi aullar.
yucca [jk] n yuca.
Yugoslav [jUgslAv] n (person)
yugoslavo,-a.
Yugoslavia [jUgslAvI] n Yugosla
via.
Yugoslavian [jUgslAvIn] adj
yugoslavo,-a.
P n yugoslavo,-a.
yuppie [jpI] n yuppie mf.
Y
 Z
Z, z [zed] n (the letter) Z, z f.
Zaire [zA I] n Zaire.
Zairean [zA IrIn] adj zaireo,-a.
Pn zaireo,-a.
Zambia [zQmbI] n Zambia.
Zambian [zQmbIn] adj zambiano,-a.
Pn zambiano,-a.
zap [zQp] vt 1 fam (kill) cargarse. 2 (at-
tack) atacar.
P vi (hurry) apresurarse.
pt & pp zapped, ger zapping.
P n marcha.
zeal [zi l] n celo, entusiasmo.
zebra [zi br, zebr] n cebra. c o m p ze
bra crossing paso de peatones, paso
de cebra.
zebu [zi bU, zi bjU ] n ceb m. zodiac [zUdIQk] n zodiaco, zodaco.
zed [zed] n gb zeta.
zee [zi ] n us zeta.
zenith [zenIT] n cenit m.
zephyr [zefr] n cfiro.
zeppelin [zeplIn] n zepeln m.
zero [zIrU] n cero.
pl zeros o zeroes.
zest [zest] n 1 (eagerness) bro, entusias
mo. 2 (spice) emocin f. 3 (of lemon, etc)
cscara.
zigzag [zIgzQg] n zigzag m.
P vi zigzaguear.
pt & pp zigzagged, ger zigzagging.
440
Zimbabwe [zImbA bweI] n Zimba
bwe.
Zimbabwean [zImbA bwIn] adj
zimbabwense, zimbabuo,-a.
P n zimbabwense mf, zimbabuo,-a.
zinc [zINk] n cinc m, zinc m.
zip [zIp] n 1 cremallera. 2 fam (energy) vi
gor m, energa. 3 fam (hiss) zumbido.
P vt comput comprimir. c o m p zip code
us cdigo postal. y zip fastener cre
mallera.
a to zip by vt insep pasar como un rayo.
P vi pasar como un rayo.
a to zip past vt-vi zip by.
a to zip up vt sep cerrar con cremallera.
zipped [zIpt] adj comput comprimido,-a.
zipper [zIpr] n us cremallera.
zombie [zmbI] n zombi mf, zombie mf.
zonal [zUnl] adj zonal.
zone [zUn] n zona.
P vt dividir en zonas.
zoo [zU ] n zoo m, parque m zoolgi
co, zoolgico.
pl zoos.
zoological [ZUldZIk l] adj zool
gico,-a.
zoologist [zUldZIst] n zologo,-a.
zoology [zUldZI] n zoologa.
zucchini [zU ki nI] n us calabacn m.
pl zucchini o zucchinis.
zygote [za;IgUt] n cigoto.
 Aprender en ingls

P In class / En clase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II

P Arts & crafts / Manualidades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV

P In the maths class / En clase de matemticas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI

P Numbers, weights & measures /

Nmeros, pesos y medidas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII

P P
 hysical education /

Educacin fsica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X

P The weather / El tiempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XII

P At the lab / En el laboratorio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII

P The human body / El cuerpo humano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIV

P Computer science / Informtica .................................................................................................... XV

P TIme goes by / El tiempo pasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVI

P How to write a letter / Cmo escribir una carta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVIII

P Phone & SMS / Telfono y SMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX

P Pronunciation / Pronunciacin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI

P English verbs / Los verbos ingleses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXIV

In class II

Communication La comunicacin
In class en clase

P  ood morning everybody!

G P Buenos das a todos!
P  ow are you this morning?
H P Cmo estn esta maana?
P  hat does mean?
W P Qu quiere decir?
P  ow do you pronounce
H P Cmo se pronuncia esta palabra?
this word?
P  ould you repeat that, please?
C P Podras repetir eso, por favor?
P  ould you speak more slowly?
C P Podra hablar ms despacio?
P  orry, I dont understand.
S P Lo siento, no lo entiendo

Taking the register Pasar lista

P Im going to take the register P Voy a pasar lista
P  heres Peter? >Hes not
W P Dndeest Pedro?
here today Hoy no ha venido
P  evin isn't here because
K P Kevin
no vino porque est
he's ill enfermo
P  arta is absent because
M P Marta no est porque
she's gone to the doctors fue al mdico

Vocabulary / Vocabulario
register  lista de chair silla
alumnos clean limpiar
de clase rub off borrar
weather  tiempo read leer
climatolgico answer responder
hot caliente hand out repartir
cold fro
take out sacar
heater estufa
air conditioner aparato de switch on encender
aire acondi- switch off apagar
cionado open abrir
blackboard pizarra close cerrar
III En clase

Requesting actions Preguntar sobre cosas

in class que se hacen en clase

P  ould you clean the blackboard?

W P Podras limpiar la pizarra?
P  ould you rub off those sentences?
C P Podras borrar esas frases?
P  lease, put those chairs up
P P Por favor, levanten esas sillas

Arranging the class Organizar la clase

P  ake your maths books out, please
T P Saquen los libros de matemticas,
por favor
P  ould you hand out these papers,
C
please? P Podras repartir estas hojas,
por favor?
P  ut yourselves into
P
groups of 2,3,4 P Pnganse en grupos
de 2,3,4
P Im going to divide the class
in two groups P Voy a dividir la clase en dos grupos

Setting homework Poner tareas

P Read this passage at home P En casa, lean este fragmento
P  o over these exercises
G P Revisen estos ejercicios
P  omplete the following activities
C P Completen las siguientes
actividades

Talking about the lesson Hablar sobre la leccin

P In a few minutes were going P En unos minutos vamos
to practice a practicar
P  t the end of the class were going
A P Al final de la clase vamos
to read a story a leer una historia
P  ary, please, could you answer
M P Mara, por favor, podras
this question? responder a esta pregunta?
P  ould you bring me
C P Podras traerme
the dictionaries? los diccionarios?
P  ould you pass me the rubber?
C P Podras pasarme la goma?
ARTS & CRAFTS IV

Vocabulary / Vocabulario Patterns / Diseos

sandpaper papel de lija denim tela vaquera,
toilet paper papel mezclilla
higinico plain liso
newspaper papel de striped a rayas
peridico
checked a cuadros
coloured paper papel de
colores spotted de lunares
glazed paper papel charol
model maqueta
Textures / Texturas
portrait retrato
smooth liso
drawing dibujo
outline contorno rough rugoso
diagram esquema soft suave
background fondo coarse spero
landscape paisaje hard duro

marquetry knitting
marquetera tejer
pottery
embroidery
cermica
bordado

sewing
collage mosaics
costura
collage mosaicos

egg decorating bookbinding

decoracin de huevos encuadernado
de libros
beadwork
construccin cardmaking
de collares diseo de
tarjetas y postales
V Manualidades

Communicative Frases comunicativas

sentences in the en clase de
arts & crafts class Manualidades
P F etch the wax crayons, P Anda a buscar los lpices
please de cera, por favor
P  tudents in charge, please, hand
S P Que los encargados repartan
out the brushes los pinceles, por favor
P  idy up that mess!
T P Arreglen ese desorden!
P  ay I sharpen the crayons?
M P Puedo sacar punta a los lpices
de colores?
P  oday we are going to do
T P Hoy vamos a hacer dos talleres
two workshops in class en clase
P F etch some towels to dry P Traigan toallas para secar
the table la mesa
P  race round the template
T P Calquen la plantilla
onto the card en la cartulina
P  ang up those printings
H P Cuelguen esos dibujos para
to dry them up que se sequen
P  his glue sets right away
T P Este
pegamento se seca
enseguida
P  ash your hands before leaving
W P Lvense las manos antes
the class de salir de clase

Action verbs in the arts & crafts class

stick pegar
trace calcar
shade sombrear
look mirar
draw dibujar
colour colorear
follow seguir
complete completar
start over comenzar
de nuevo
cut out cortar
fold doblar
diffuse difuminar
finish terminar
create crear
polish pulir
paint pintar
knit tejer
embroider bordar
sew coser
In the maths class VI

Communicative Frases comunicativas

sentences in en clase de
the maths class Matemticas
P  an you solve this
C P Puedes resolver esta
multiplication? multiplicacin?
7 x 3 = (seven times three equals 7 x 3 = (siete por tres

_____) igual a ____)

P Tell me the answer P Dime el resultado
to this sum de esta suma
P What is the dividend P Cul es el dividendo
of this division? de esta divisin?
and the remainder? y el resto?

P How many sides does PCuntos

lados tiene
a hexagon have? un hexgono?
P Draw a straight line P Dibuja una lnea recta
P Take a ruler and check this P Toma una regla y comprueba
measurement esta medida
P How do you read these numbers? P Cmo se leen estos nmeros?
6.5 six point five seis coma cinco
1 / one and two thirds
2
3 uno y dos tercios

8 eight squared
2
ocho al cuadrado

5 five cubed
3
cinco al cubo

3 three to the power

4
tres elevado

of four a cuatro

Vocabulary / Vocabulary No lo olvides

operation operacin
result resultado
problem problema
commutative conmutativa
associative asociativa
distributive distributiva
remainder resto
divisor divisor
quotient cociente
Mientras que en espaol se
usa el punto (.) para sepa-
rar los millares, en ingls se
emplea una coma (,):
1,532,620 1.532.620
Por el contrario, para sepa-
rar los decimales, el ingls
emplea el punto (.) en vez de
la coma (,):
23.45 23,45
VII En clase de matemticas

+ plus 7+2=9
ms addition / suma

-
minus 7-2=5
menos
subtraction / resta

X
multiplied by 7X2=14
multiplicado por multiplication / multiplicacin

/ divided by 7/2=3,5
dividido entre division / divisin

= is equal to
es igual a =/ is not equal to
no es igual a

1 /2 fraction
fraccin 3.5 decimal part
parte decimal

() parenthesis
1/ square root of
/

parntesis raz cuadrada de

% percentage
porcentaje empty set
conjunto vaco

is greater than is equal to or greater than

IV
V

es mayor que es igual o mayor que

is less than is equal to or less than

VI
V

es menor que es igual o menor que

belongs to pi
pertenece a pi
Numbers, weights and measures VIII

Numbers / Nmeros
1 one uno 21 twenty-one veintiuno
2 two dos 22 twenty-two veintids
3 three tres 30 thirty treinta
4 four cuatro 31 thirty-one treinta y uno
5 five cinco 40 forty cuarenta
6 six seis 50 fifty cincuenta
7 seven siete 60 sixty sesenta
8 eight ocho 70 seventy setenta
9 nine nueve 80 eighty ochenta
10 ten diez 90 ninety noventa
11 eleven once 100 one hundred cien
12 twelve doce 101 one hundred ciento uno
13 thirteen trece and one
14 fourteen catorce 200 two hundred doscientos
15 fifteen quince 300 three trescientos
16 sixteen diecisis hundred
17 seventeen diecisiete 1,000 one mil
18 eighteen dieciocho thousand
19 nineteen diecinueve 1,000,000 un milln
20 twenty veinte one million

Ordinal numbers / Ordinales

first primero eleventh undcimo
second segundo twelfth duodcimo
third tercero thirteenth decimotercero
fourth cuarto fourteenth decimocuarto
fifth quinto fifteenth decimoquinto
sixth sexto twentieth vigsimo
seventh sptimo twenty-first 
vigsimo
eighth octavo primero
ninth noveno thirtieth trigsimo
tenth dcimo hundredth centsimo
IX Nmeros, pesos y medidas

1,345,365 unit
unidad 1/2 a half
medio

1,345,365 tens
decenas
1/3 a third
un tercio
1,345,365 hundreds
centenas
1/4 a quarter
un cuarto
1,345,365 thousands
millares

1,345,365 millions
millones
3/4 three quarters
tres cuartos

Linear measures / Medidas de longitud

1 inch 1 pulgada = 2,54 centmetros
1 foot 1 pie = 12 inches / 30,48 centmetros
1 yard 1 yarda = 3 feet / 91,44 centmetros
1 mile 1 milla = 1,760 yards / 1.609 metros

Measures of capacity / Medidas de capacidad

1 pint 1 pinta = 0,57 litros
1 gallon 1 galn = 8 pints / 4,546 litros

Weights / Pesos
1 ounce 1 onza = 28,35 gramos
1 pound 1 libra = 16 ounces / 453,6 gramos
1 stone = 14 pounds / 6,348 kilos
1 ton 1 tonelada = 2,240 pounds / 1,000 kilos
Physical education X

Communicative Frases comunicativas

sentences in basketball en ftbol
and football y baloncesto

P  ome on! Lets do ten

C P Vamos, hagamos
push-ups diez flexiones
P  ounce the ball
B P Reboten la pelota
P F ake and shoot the ball P Haz una finta y lanza la pelota
P  hree-second violation
T P Penalizacin por ms de 3 segundos
P  top the game
S P Paren el partido
P  o to the free-throw line
G P Vayan a la lnea de tiros libres
P  lock the shot
B P Bloqueen el tiro
P  ravelling!
T P Pasos!

P  ouble dribble
D P Dobles

P  o to the penalty spot

G P Vayan al punto de penalty
P  o to the side line
G P Vayan a la lnea de banda
P  o to the end line
G P Vayan a la lnea de fondo
P  ass the ball
P P Pasen la pelota
P  et the rebound
G P Tomen, agarren el rebote
P Jump ball P Salto entre dos
P  top the ball at
S P Detn
la pelota en la lnea
the midfield line de medio campo

athletic track gym(nasium)

pista de atletismo gimnasio

arena (US)
stadium
gimnasio
estadio
stands
gradas
pitch field
pista de juego terreno
de juego
XI Educacin fsica

Action verbs in the physical education class

walk caminar
jog hacer
footing
swim nadar
dive bucear
jump saltar
tackle placar
skate patinar
ski esquiar
water-ski  hacer esqu
acutico
aim apuntar
run correr
punch golpear
cycle pedalear
ride montar
hit (the ball) pegarle
(a la pelota)
kick patear
skip  saltar
a la comba
fall caer
blow a whistle usar
el silbato
kneel arrodillarse
fake  hacer una
finta
do push-ups hacer
flexiones
do a pararse en
handstand las manos
bounce rebotar
throw lanzar
catch agarrar,
tomar
swing balancearse
climb escalar
stretch  hacer
estiramientos
bend over flexionar
hacia
delante
bend backwards flexionar
hacia atrs

rope
ball cuerda mat
pelota
colchoneta
(hockey) stick
racket
palo de hockey
raqueta
vaulting-horse
bat potro
whistle
bate
silbato
The weather / El tiempo XII

Communicative Frases comunicativas

sentences

P Look, its pouring down! P Miren,est lloviendo

a cntaros!
P  esterday, lightning struck the
Y P Ayerun rayo cay
aerial en la antena
P L ets look at the weather station P Vamosa mirar la estacin
and check meteorolgica y comprobar
the humidity la humedad
P It's two degrees below zero! P Estamos a dos grados
bajo cero!
P  ow, a rainbow has just
W P Bien!
Acaba de salir
appeared! un arco iris!
P  cold front is
A P Se
aproxima
approaching un frente fro

Seasons / Estaciones Temperature / Temperatura

spring primavera hot clido
summer verano warm templado
autumn otoo cool fresco
fall (US) cold fro
winter invierno freezing helado

Vocabulary / Vocabulario
sunny soleado sunset atardecer
rainy lluvioso clouds nubes
snowy nevado snow nieve
windy ventoso rain lluvia
foggy nebuloso hail granizo
cloudy nublado fog niebla
stormy tormentoso thunder trueno
sunrise amanecer rainbow arco iris
XIII At the lab / En el laboratorio

Communicative Frases comunicativas

sentences at the lab en el laboratorio

P L ook at that insect under P Examinen ese insecto con

the microscope el microscopio
P Adjust the lens if its blurred P Ajusten el lente si est borroso
P  e very careful with those test
B P Tenganmucho cuidado con esas
tubes probetas
P Put those stools back properly P Coloquen bien los taburetes / pisos
P Dont take the lab coats home P No se lleven las cotonas
del laboratorio a casa
P Connect those electrodes P Conecten esos electrodos

The microscope / El microscopio

prism binoculars prismticos binoculares
focusing Wheel rueda de enfoque
convex lens lente convexa
concave lens lente cncava

Vocabulary / Vocabulario
test tube probeta
flame llama
flask frasco
funnel embudo
filter paper filtro de
papel
tongs pinzas
magnifying glass lupa
syringe jeringuilla
thermometer termmetro
gauze gasa
tripod trpode
lab coat cotona de
laboratorio
wire alambre
electrode electrodo
magnet imn
spatula esptula
pipette pipeta
weight peso
battery batera
timer temporizador
microscope microscopio
eyepiece ocular
slide transparencia
balance/scales  bscula/
balanza
objective lens objetivo
The human body / El cuerpo humano
The face / La cara
eye ojo
nose nariz
ear oreja
mouth boca
cheek mejilla
chin barbilla
forehead frente
jaw mandbula
moustache bigote
beard barba
tooth diente
lip labio
tongue lengua
Hairstyles / Peinados
blonde/fair rubio
dark moreno
grey gris,
canoso
straight liso
curly rizado
wavy ondulado
spiky en punta
shoulder-length 
a la altura de
los hombros
long largo
Communicative
sentences
P  ow many bones do you think the
H P Cuntoshuesos creen que tiene el
human body has got?
P Are you long-/short-sighted?
P Have you ever had surgery?
XIV
The eye / El ojo
eyeball globo ocular
eyebrow ceja
eyelid prpado
eyelash pestaa
pupil pupila
iris iris
The organs / Los rganos
brain cerebro
windpipe trquea
bowel intestino
bladder vejiga
short corto
bald calvo
receding hairline entradas
plaits trenzas
ponytail  cola de
caballo
fringe  flequillo/
chasquilla
goatee perilla
stubble  barba
de 3 das
Frases comunicativas
cuerpo humano?
P Eres hirpermtrope/miope?
P Te han operado alguna vez?
XV Computer science / Informtica

Communicative Frases comunicativas

sentences at the en clase de informtica
computer science class

P  rint the texts after

P P Impriman los textos despus
you've corrected them de corregirlos
P Switch the monitors on P Enciendan los monitores
P  o to the My documents folder
G P Vayana la carpeta
and open it Mis documentos y branla
P  repare a short visual
P P Preparen una breve presentacin
presentation visual
P  heres no Internet connection
T P Ahorano hay conexin
available now a Internet

Parts of an email / Partes de un e-mail

spam  correo basura
subject tema
tools herramientas
draft borrador
file archivo
attach adjuntar
save guardar
delete eliminar
send enviar
attachment archivo adjunto
address book libreta de direcciones

Vocabulary / Vocabulario
domain dominio joystick  palanca
link enlace de mando
password contrasea ink jet printer impresora
search engine motor de de inyeccin
bsqueda laser printer impresora lser
download descarga cartridge cartucho
Time goes by XVI

Months / Meses Days / Das

January enero
February febrero
March marzo
April abril
May mayo
June junio
July julio
August agosto
September septiembre
October octubre
November noviembre
December diciembre
Monday lunes
Tuesday martes
Wednesday mircoles
Thursday jueves
Friday viernes
Saturday sbado
Sunday domingo
No lo olvides
En ingls, los meses y los das
se escriben con mayscula.

Communicative Frases comunicativas

sentences

P What's todays date? P Qu fecha es hoy?

P The year 2007 is not a leap year P El ao 2007 no es un ao bisiesto
P  hat day of the week is
W P Qu da de la semana es
the 13th? el 13?
P  ere going on a field trip
W P Elltimo fin de semana de marzo
on the last weekend in March iremos de excursin
P We have 10 minutes left P Nos quedan 10 minutos
P  e need to replace
W P Tenemos que cambiar las pilas
the clock's batteries al reloj de pared
P  hats the time? /
W P Qu hora es?
What time is it?

Vocabulary / Vocabulario
watch reloj the hands of agujas
de pulsera a clock del reloj
clock reloj de calendar calendario
pared leap year ao bisiesto
XVII El tiempo pasa

its five past nine

Its nine oclock son las 9 y cinco
son las nueve
en punto

its ten past nine

son las 9 y diez its a quarter past nine
son las nueve y cuarto

its half past nine

son las nueve
its twenty to ten y media
son veinte para las
diez / faltan veinte
para las diez

its a quarter to ten

son un cuarto para
las diez / falta un
cuarto para las diez its ten to ten
son diez para las
diez / faltan diez
09:15 son las nueve
its nine fifteen
para las diez

y quince
09:10 its nine ten
son las nueve y diez

09:30 its nine thirty

son las nueve y treinta /
son las nueve y media
its nine forty
son las nueve y cuarenta
09:40
How to write a letter XVIII

Formal letter / Carta formal

C/ Juan Maragall 188

28083 Madrid
Tel. +34 93 7561773 your address
luisfigueras@gmail.com

Mrs Patricia Smith the title (Mr, Mrs,

18 Regent St. Ms, Miss) of the person
London, SW1 you are writing to,
the address, postal code
Great Britain
and country

1st May, 2007
the date

if you dont know the name,

Dear Mrs Smith,
you can use Dear Sir/Madam

I am writing to you to request information about applying for a scholar-

ship to get onto the European Program Visiting students, offered by
your organization. I am a 13-year old Spanish boy, living in Madrid.
I would be very grateful if you could send me some brochures to read about
the conditions and closing dates for handing in the documents.

If you dont know the name

Yours sincerely,
of the person, use
Yours faithfully

Luis Figueras
your name
XIX Cmo escribir una carta

Informal letter / Carta informal

C/ Juan Maragall 188

your address
28083 Madrid

1st May, 2007 the date

Dear Patricia,
opening greeting (saludo)

Hi!, howdy?
Ive been on holiday in Greece for a week with my parents. It's such an
amazing country. Id love to go back soon but with you and
some more friends. I have enclosed some pictures for you to loook at.
Well, I have to do my homework now and Im going to Pedros party on
Saturday so I may see you there.

ending greeting (saludo de

Regards, despedida; tambin puedes
utilizar Love si tienes una
relacin muy estrecha)

Luis Figueras
your name

P.S. and dont take so long to write back to me, please!

postdata
Phone & SMS / Telfono y SMS XX

On the phone Al telfono

P Can I speak to John, please? / Is P Puedo hablar con Juan? /
John there, please? Est Juan?
P Could I leave a message P Podra dejarle un mensaje, por
for him, please? favor?
P Whos calling? P De parte de quin?
P Hello, it's Beln speaking P Al, soy Beln
P Hold on, please P Un momento, por favor
P He/she's not in at the moment P Ahora no est
P Wrong number / You've dialled the P Est
equivocado /
wrong number Nmero equivocado
P Could you spell your name? P Puede deletrear su nombre?
P The line's engaged / The line's busy P Est ocupado / Suena ocupado
P I'll put you through P Comunico / Lo(la) comunico
P Theres no tone P No hay lnea
P My email address is AI, EN, EF, OU, P Midireccin de correo electrnico es
"AT", EI, BI, SI, DOT, I, ES info@abc.es

SMS / SMS

:) Im happy Estoy contento

:-( Im angry Estoy enojado

-8) I wear glasses Uso anteojos

TIA Thanks in advance Gracias de antemano

IOW In other words En otras palabras

BTW By the way A propsito

XXI Pronunciation / Pronunciacin
En el diccionario, despus de cada palabra en ingls
hay unos corchetes ([]) con unos signos que te resultarn
un poco extraos. Son los signos que se emplean en el llamado
alfabeto fontico de la Asociacin Fontica Internacional (AFI).
Sirven para saber cmo se pronuncia una palabra.
Puede parecer un poco extrao, ya que en espaol casi
se escribe como se pronuncia. Sin embargo, en ingls
es bastante difcil saber cmo se pronuncia una palabra
por su ortografa y estos smbolos fonticos
son muy tiles.

Consonantes que se pronuncian igual que en espaol

[b] big [bIg], habit [hQbIt], stab [stQb].

[tS] indica el sonido de la ch espaola
chap [tSQp], hatchet [hQtSIt], beach [bitS].
[d] drip [drIp], middle [mIdl], rid [rId].
[f] coffee [kfI], wife [waIf].
[g] god [gd], mugger [mgr], dog [dg].
[l] light [laIt], illness [Ilns], bull [bUl].
[m] moon [mun], common [kmn], came [keIm].
[n] nail [neIl], counter [kaUntr], shone [Sn].
[p] pan [pQn], happy [hQpI], slip [slIp].
[s] spit [spIt], stencil [stensl], niece [nis].
[t] top [tp], sitting [sItIN], bit [bIt].
[k] card [kAd], maker [meIkr], sock [sk].

Vocales que se pronuncian igual que en espaol

es un sonido casi igual que el de la a espaola, aunque

[Q] 
se puede escribir de varias maneras: fat [fQt], thank
[TQNk], plait [plQt].
Pronunciation / Pronunciacin XXII

[e] es un sonido casi igual que el de la e espaola, aunque

se puede escribir de varias maneras: shed [Sed], instead
[Insted], any [enI], bury [berI], friend [frend].
[I] es un sonido casi igual que el de la i espaola, aunque
se puede escribir de varias maneras: ship [SIp], pity [pItI],
roses [rUzIz], babies [beIbIz], college [klIdZ].
es un sonido casi igual que el de la o espaola, aunque
[] 
se puede escribir de varias maneras: horse [hs], straw
[str], fought [ft], cause [kz], fall [fl], boar [br],
door [dr].
[U] es un sonido casi igual que el de la u espaola, aunque
se puede escribir de varias maneras: look [lUk], pull [pUl],
woman [wUmn], should [SUd].

Diptongos que se pronuncian igual que en espaol

es un sonido casi igual que el del diptongo ai espaol,

[aI] 
aunque se puede escribir de varias maneras: lime [laIm],
thigh [TaI], height [haIt], lie [laI], try [traI], either [aIDr].
es un sonido casi igual que el del diptongo au espaol,
[aU] 
aunque se puede escribir de varias maneras: house [haUs],
cow [kaU].
es un sonido casi igual que el del diptongo ei espaol,
[eI] 
aunque se puede escribir de varias maneras: cable
[keIbl], way [weI], plain [pleIn], freight [freIt], prey
[preI], great [greIt].
es un sonido casi igual que el del diptongo oi espaol, aun-
[I] 
que se puede escribir de varias maneras: toy [tI], soil [sIl].

El acento
En ingls no existen los acentos. Para saber dnde va acentuada
una palabra, hay que conocerla o recurrir al diccionario y buscar
el smbolo [], que va siempre delante de la slaba acentuada. As,
siempre sabrs cul es la slaba tnica de cada palabra.
XXIII Pronunciation / Pronunciacin

Sonidos ingleses
En ingls, existen algunos sonidos que no tenemos en espaol.
Son estos y te damos pistas para que sepas cmo se pronuncian.

Consonantes propias del ingls

[D] sonido similar a la d espaola cuando va entre dos vo-

cales: they [DeI], father [faDr], loathe [lUD].
[Z] sonido similar a la pronunciacin argentina de la ll: gi-
golo [ZiglU], pleasure [pleZr], massage [mQsAZ].
sonido similar al anterior precedido de una d: jack
[dZ] 
[dZQk], digest [daIdZest], wage [weIdZ].
[h] sonido similar a una j espaola pero mucho ms sua-
ve: help [help], ahead [hed].
[N] sonido similar al de la n espaola seguida de una g:
linger [fINgr], sank [sQNk], thing [TIN].
[r] sonido a medio camino entre nuestra r entre vocales
y la rr: rug [rg], merry [merI].
[S] sonido similar a la pronunciacin argentina de la ll:
show [SU], fascist [fQSist], wish [wIS].
[T] sonido similar a la z de zapatilla: thing [TIN], catho-
de [kQTUd], filth [fIlT].
[v] sonido de la v como se pronuncia esta letra en muchos
pases americanos: very [verI], never [nevr], give [gIv].
[w] sonido similar al del diptongo ua: want [wnt].
[j] sonido similar al del diptongo iu: young [jN], univer-
sity [junIvsItI], Europe [jUrp].
[z] sonido de la s sonora tpica del cataln o del francs:
zoo [zu], weasel [wizl], buzz [bIz].
[r] se llama linking r y se encuentra nicamente a final
de palabra; se pronuncia slo cuando la palabra siguien-
te empieza por una vocal: mother and father came
[mDr n faD keIm].
Pronunciation / Pronunciacin XXIV

Vocales propias del ingls

[A] sonido de la a pero ms largo: rather [rADr], car [kAr],

heart [hAt], clerk [klAk], palm [pAm], aunt [Ant].
[]  sonido a medio camino entre la a y la o: lock [lk],
wash [wS], trough [trf], because [bIkz].
[] sonido similar a una e pronunciada con los labios colo-
cados como si fuese una o: third [Td], herd [hd],
heard [hd], curl [kl], word [wd], journey [dZnI].
[i] sonido de la i pero ms largo: sheep [Sip], sea [si],
scene [sin], field [fild].
[u] sonido de la u pero ms largo: loop [lup], do [du],
soup [sup], elude [ilud], true [tru], shoe [Su], few
[fju].
[] sonido a medio camino entre la e y la o, pero ms
cercano a la o: cub [kb], ton [tn], young [jN], flood
[fld], does [dz].
[]  es la llamada e neutra, un sonido intermedio entre la
e y la o, pero ms cercano a la e: actor [Qktr],
honour [nr], about [baUt].
[]  en algunos casos la e neutra es opcional, es decir, se
puede pronunciar o no: trifle [traIfl].

Diptongos propios del ingls

Se trata de combinaciones de los sonidos voclicos que hemos vis-
to antes.

[U] go [gU], toad [tUd], toe [tU], though [DU], snow
[snU].
[I] near [nIr], here [hIr], sheer [SIr], idea [aIdI], mu-
seum [mjuzIm], weird [wId], pierce [pIs].
[e] hare [her], hair [her], wear [wer].
[U] pure [pjUr], during [djUrIN], tourist [tUrIst].
XXV English verbs / Los verbos ingleses
Los verbos regulares ingleses forman el pasado (past tense)
y el participio pasado (past participle) aadiendo la
terminacin -ed a la raz, o -d si la raz acaba en -e:
watch watched (mirar) / love loved (amar)
Sin embargo, hay muchos verbos irregulares.
Los ms usados son:

raz pasado participio raz pasado participio

arise arose arisen eat ate eaten
babysit babysat babysat fall fell fallen
be was, were been feed fed fed
bear bore borne feel felt felt
beat beat beaten fight fought fought
become became become find found found
begin began begun flee fled fled
bend bent bent fly flew flown
bid bid bid forbid forbade forbidden
bind bound bound foresee foresaw foreseen
bite bit bitten forget forgot forgotten
bleed bled bled forgive forgave forgiven
blow blew blown freeze froze frozen
break broke broken get got got
bring brought brought give gave given
build built built go went gone
burst burst burst grow grew grown
buy bought bought hang hung, hung,
can could hanged hanged
catch caught caught have had had
choose chose chosen hear heard heard
cling clung clung hide hid hidden
come came come hit hit hit
cost cost cost hold held held
creep crept crept hurt hurt hurt
deal dealt dealt keep kept kept
dig dug dug kneel knelt knelt
do did done know knew known
draw drew drawn lay laid laid
drink drank drunk lead led led
drive drove driven leave left left
English verbs / Los verbos ingleses XXVI

raz pasado participio raz pasado participio

lend lent lent speed sped sped
let let let spend spent spent
lie lay lain spill spilt spilt
light lit lit spin spun spun
lose lost lost spit spat spat
make made made split split split
mean meant meant spoil spoilt spoilt
meet met met spread spread spread
mistake mistook mistaken spring sprang sprung
overcome overcame overcome stand stood stood
oversleep overslept overslept steal stole stolen
overtake overtook overtaken stick stuck stuck
put put put sting stung stung
read read read stink stank stunk
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt stride strode stridden
resit resat resat strike struck struck
rewind rewound rewound sweep swept swept
rid rid rid swim swam swum
ride rode ridden swing swung swung
ring rang rung take took taken
rise rose risen tear tore torn
run ran run tell told told
say said said think thought thought
see saw seen throw threw thrown
seek sought sought tread trod trodden
sell sold sold understand understood understood
set set set undo undid undone
shake shook shaken upset upset upset
shed shed shed wake woke woken
shine shone shone wear wore worn
shoot shot shot weave wove woven
shrink shrank shrunk weep wept wept
shut shut shut wet wet wet
sing sang sung win won won
sink sank sunk wind wound wound
sit sat sat withdraw withdrew withdrawn
sleep slept slept withstand withstood withstood
slit slit slit wring wrung wrung
smell smelt smelt write wrote written
I la clase / the classroom

map
mapa
blackboard
pizarra bookcase
estantera

coat pegs
percheros

smock
bulletin board cotona
diario mural

paper bin (GB)/

trash bin (US)
blackboard
0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10
11
12
13
14
15

papelera
16
17
18
19
20

rubber (GB)/
chalk eraser (US) file
tiza borrador carpeta
exercise book
cuaderno de
ejercicios

textbook
libro de texto

school bag
mochila
school materials / material de clase II

stapler felt-tip
corchetera marcador

paper clips
staples clips
corchetes

highlighter (GB) /
marker (US)
pencil destacador
lpiz

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13
14 15

ruler
16 17
18 1
9 20

regla

a pair of compasses
comps

ballpoint pen
lapicera
rubber (GB) / eraser (US)
goma de borrar

pencil case
estuche

pencil sharpener
sacapuntas
III ordenador / computer

PDA (personal
digital assistant)
PDA (agenda scanner
electrnica)
escner
digital camera
cmara de
fotos digital

CD
USB flash drive disco
lpiz de memoria DVD compacto
DVD

CCD
D-R
-R
D VD
CD-RW
CD-RW

CD-RW
compact disc
laptop regrabable
computador
porttil
printer
impresora

webcam
CPU cmara web
CPU

digital monitor
monitor

speakers
altavoces

mouse
keyboard ratn
teclado
shapes / formas IV

circle / crculo ellipse / elipse triangle / tringulo

square rectangle rhombus

cuadrado rectngulo rombo

pentagon hexagon heptagon

pentgono hexgono heptgono

cone / cone pyramid / pirmide cube / cubo

PRISM / PRISMA apex / vrtice

face / cara
height / altura

depth / profundidad
width / anchura
V geometra / geometry

ANGLES / NGULOS

right / recto acute / agudo obtuse / obtuso plane / plano

TRIANGLES
TRINGULOS
hypotenuse / hipotenusa

rectangle
rectngulo

equilateral
equiltero isosceles
issceles scalene
escaleno

CIRCUMFERENCE / CIRCUNFERENCIA

arc / arco
segment / segmento
radius / radio

sector / sector
diameter / dimetro
solar system / sistema solar VI

Eris (dwarf planet) star

Eris (planeta enano) estrella

orbit Pluto (dwarf planet)

rbita Plutn (planeta enano)

Mercury
Mercurio
Sun
Sol Venus The Earth
Venus La Tierra

Mars
Marte

Saturn
Saturno

Jupiter
Jpiter
comet
cometa

Uranus
Urano

Neptune
Neptuno
planets
planetas
VII la Tierra / the Earth

Arctic Circle North Pole

Crculo Polar rtico Polo Norte

Tropic of Cancer
Trpico de Cncer

Equator
Ecuador

Tropic
of Capricorn
Trpico
de Capricornio

Antarctic Circle
South Pole Crculo Polar
Polo Sur Antrtico

Asia
Europe Asia
North America Europa
Amrica del Norte Africa
frica

South America
Amrica del Sur
Oceania
Oceana
animales VIII

budgerigar canary
periquito canario

kitten
gatito
puppy
cachorro

horse
caballo sheep
oveja

cow
vaca

duck
pigeon pato
paloma

hen
gallina

rabbit
conejo bee
abeja
IX animals

tiger
lion tigre
len

eagle
guila
elephant
elefante

giraffe
penguin jirafa
pingino
monkey
mono

butterfly spider
mariposa araa

killer whale
orca
snake
serpiente

snail
caracol
fruits / frutas X

strawberry
frutilla
grape cherry
uva cereza
orange
naranja
lemon
limn
kiwi fruit
kiwi

pear
pera

apple
manzana
pineapple
pia

melon
meln

watermelon
sanda

banana
pltano
XI verduras / vegetables

bean pea
poroto arveja
tomato
tomate

onion
cebolla

cauliflower lettuce
coliflor lechuga

potato pepper
patata/papa pimiento

carrot
zanahoria
asparagus
esprrago

spinach pumpkin
espinaca zapallo
the human body / el cuerpo humano XII

head hair
cabeza cabello

hand
neck
mano
shoulder cuello
hombro
back
espalda
chest
pecho
waist
cintura

bottom
trasero

wrist
palm mueca
palma
finger leg
dedo pierna

knee
rodilla
heel
taln

ankle
tobillo

foot
toe pie
dedo
XIII profesiones / jobs

bricklayer
cook albail
cocinero

nurse
enfermera
mechanic
mecnico

hairdresser
peluquera

baker doctor
panadero mdico

secretary
secretaria

taxi driver
taxista

waitress
camarera
music / msica XIV

flute
clarinet
flauta travesera
clarinete

recorder
flauta dulce
trumpet
trompeta

saxophone
saxofn accordion
acorden
violin
violn
guitar
guitarra

cello
violonchelo

piano
piano
xylophone
xilofn
drums
batera
XV plstica / arts & crafts

wax crayons
lpices de cera

watercolours
acuarelas

coloured pencils
lpices de colores

glue/gum
pegamento
plasticine
scissors plastilina
tijeras

red pink orange

rojo rosa naranja

brown yellow blue

caf amarillo azul

navy purple green

azul marino morado verde

black white grey

negro blanco gris
deportes XVI

ball goal
halfway line
baln arco
lnea de medio
campo
strikers
delanteros penalty spot
defenders punto
defensas de penalty
penalty area
rea de
penalty

linesman
juez de lnea
referee (ref)
coach rbitro football field
goalkeeper entrenador campo
arquero de ftbol
midfield player
centrocampista centre paint
pvot zona
forward-pivot
alero-pvot (de 3 segundos)
guard
base

backboard
tablero
shooting
forward guard ring
alero escolta aro

basketball pitch ball net

pista de basquet pelota red
 XVII sports

swimming
natacin

tennis surfing
tenis surf

skiing
esqu cycling
ciclismo

s)

gymnastics
gimnasia

table tennis
ping-pong

golf
golf

athletics
atletismo
ropa XVIII

cap
gorra
beret
boina
shirt
camisa
sunglasses
lentes de sol

blouse
blusa

belt
cinturn

miniskirt
minifalda

jeans
vaqueros tights
socks medias
calcetines

trainers (GB) /
sneakers (US)
zapatillas
de deporte

boots
botines
 XIX clothes

bra
sostn

vest
camiseta
underwear
ropa interior

underpants
pyjamas calzoncillos
slippers
pijama
zapatillas

swimming trunks
baador
n
purse
t monedero swimsuit
a traje de bao
tracksuit
buzo

a pair of gloves bag

guantes bolso

jacket
chaqueta

scarf
bufanda
transport / transportes XX

motorcycle
motocicleta

bicycle
bicicleta
moped
ciclomotor

car
auto

van
furgoneta

bus
micro

lorry (GB)/truck (US)

camin
train
tren
coach
bus

ship
barco
plane
avin
XXI el restaurante / the restaurant

menu apple pie

men pastel de manzana

salad
ensalada
bottle of water
botella de agua

fruit juice
jugo de frutas

soup
sopa
pasta
pasta

napkin glass of wine

servilleta copa de vino

fork chips spoon

tenedor papas cuchara
fritas

steak a fried egg

bistec huevo frito
knife
cuchillo
la cocina XXII

loaf of bread
biscuits (GB)/cookies (US)
pan
galletas
muffin
madalena
waffles
wafles

water heater microwave oven coffee maker

calentador de agua horno microondas cafetera

kitchen roll
papel de cocina

oven
horno frying pan
sartn
cupboard
armario
washing
machine
lavadora

ru
dishwasher
lavavajillas

pressure cooker
olla a presin
 XXIII the kitchen

ham
roll
ad jamn
bocadillo

sandwich
sndwich butter
roast chicken mantequilla
pollo asado

ll
ina eggs
huevos

magnet
an sink imn
n fregadero

fridge salami
refrigerador salchichn

rubbish bin
basura freezer
tea towel congelador cheese
pao de cocina queso
la sala de estar XXIV

jigsaw puzzle
puzzle

chess
ajedrez

clock
reloj de pared curtain
cortina
cupboard 12
armario 9 3
6

television stereo
televisor equipo de msica

fireplace
chimenea

newspaper
peridico
DVD recorder magazine
grabadora de DVD revista

vase
carpet jarrn
remote control
alfombra
control remoto
 XXV the living room

computer games
juegos de computador

ludo
ludo

cards
cartas

painting
n cuadro
a

lamp dominoes
sofa lmpara domino
sof

draughts
ne damas
a

armchair
silln
the house / la casa XXVI

hanger
pillow
colgador bed
almohada
cama sheet
sbana

alarm clock
blanket despertador
frazada
bedside table
drawer ladder velador
cajn escalera

cot
cuna

shower
ducha

mirror
espejo

bathtub toilet paper

tina papel higinico
wash-basin
sponge toilet lavamanos
esponja inodoro
shampoo
champ

potty
bacinica
towel
toalla
XXVII reino unido / united kingdom

8o 6o 4o 2o 0o 2o

A T L A N T
I C
O C E A N
59o
59o
Orkney
Islands
s
le

N o r t h
S
Is

C
rn

S e a
Weste

Inverness
O

57o Aberdeen
57o
T

Higlands
L

Dundee
A

Edinburgh
Glasgow
N
D

55o Newcastle
55o
ULSTER
Belfast
D

Irish York
N

Leeds
Sea Manchester
Liverpool
Sheffield
A

53o
W

53o
Nottingham
el

Norwich
ann

L
A

Leicester
Ch

Stratford upon Avon Cambridge

L
e's

Ipswich
G
rg

Oxford
eo

Swansea
LONDON
G

Thames
S

Cardiff
.

Bristol
St

51o
Dover 51o
Brighton
E

Portsmouth el
n
Isle of an
Plymouth
Wigth Ch
lish
Eng
Greenwich
8o 6o 4o 2o 0o Meridian 2o

National Capital International boundary

Administrative Capital Land Below 0 200 500 1000 m 0 100 km
Other City
 XXVIII

130o 120o 110o 100o 70o 60o

1. CONNECTICUT 50o
50o

A
2. DELAWARE C

L
3. MARYLAND A

A
A
4. MASACHUSETTS N S
5. NEW HAMPSHIRE A D
Anchora
ge
K
A
P A C I F I C

D
6. NEW JERSEY A u
Junea
R o c

7. RHODE ISLAND Oly WA

mp SHI

A
8. VERMONT ia N GT
9. WEST VIRGINIA ON 0 300 km
Sale

N
m
k y

M O
N T N O RT H INE
I D A

m OR
A N
A D A K O TA MA A
Helen M I N N E S OTA usta
EG a
C Aug
ON MI elier 5
M o
Bismarck CH
M ontp 8 C o ncordn
4000 I K osto 7
WISCONSIN
H SOU OR B
Boise T H

G
St. Paul Y 4

u n
O
W YO Pierre ny ce

AN
40o MING E W Alba 1 iden
3000 D A K O TA N Prov 40o
Madison Lansing ford ork
Sac Hart

t a
Y
ra men NEV ANIA 6 Newn
to SYLV to
2000 A D A Sa Cheyenne NEBRASKA I O WA PENN Trendelphia

i n s
C ar s
on C
lt Lake Chicago
O H I
O
Harris
burg Phila 2

E A N
ity City Des Moines n3 Dove
r
united states / estados unidos

San Denver Lincoln ILLINOIS dianapolis ingto

O C E

1000 Fran U T In us Wash D. C.

cisc A H Columb polis
o Kansas City A harlesto 9
n Anna
CAL COLOR Springfield INDIAN C N I Richmond

A
do

nts
IFO a ADO Topeka
500 RNI lor Frankfort GI

ou

O C
A Co K A N S A S Jefferson
City M IR
n V
KY
Los Ang KEN T UC OLIN
A

ia
eles MISSO URI CAR

ch
200 A N RTH h

la
ARIZ Santa Fe Nashville NO Raleig

pa
ONA OKLAHOMA EE
Montg TE NNESS

Ap
omery

IC
ARKANSAS bia
0 NEW M
EXICO Oklahoma Colum
SOU
City

PI
Little Rock T H CAR

IP
Land Below Atlanta OLINA

NT
S
ALABAMA

SIS
Mississi i
30o Dallas IA
GEORG

pp
30o

MIS
LOU
T E Montgomery

LA
X A S 70o
120o 110o Jackson
ssee
F L OTallaha

IS
National Capital Baton Rouge

AT
IA
Houston A R

N
Administrative Capital Austin I Orlando
Honolulu M E New Orleans
Other City X

D
I

A
H AWA I I C M e x i c
o Miami
O G u l f o f
n cer
0 500 km of Ca
0 100 km
100o Long. 90o west of Greenwich 80o Tropic
australia / australia

110o 120o 130o 140o 150o 160o

A ra f u ra S e a Papua-New G
uinea
Sea

Gr
Ti m o r Darwin 10o
10o Gulf of C o r a l

ea
t
Carpentaria S e a

Ba
N
A N O C E A

rri
I N D I N O RT H E R N

er
e

R
e
T E R R I T O RY

f
QUEENSLAN 20o
D
20o
WESTERN
ricorn
of Cap
Tropic
LIA
AUSTRA SOUTH
Brisbane
AU S T R A L I A
NEW SOUTH
Perth 30o
WA L E S
30o Great Australian Bight Sydney
Adelaide
CANBERRA
AUSTRALIA
N CAPITAL T
VICTORIA ERRITORY
Melbourne
T a s m
100o 110o 120o Long.130o east of Greenwich a n
S e a
National Capital Land Below 0 200 500 1000 2000 m TA S M A N I A
0 500 km
XXIX
Hobart 40o
Administrative Capital
140o 150o 160o
europa XXX

60o 60o 30o 30o 20o 20o 10o 10o0o 100oo

ICE ICE
Re
LA Re
LA
y kja
ND ykja
ND Art Art
vik vik ic C ic C
ircle ircle a a
e Ye
S S

A A

An
ia

ia
T T

eg

We g
OL L

rw

rw

N
O
A A

Ro
C C

R
N

E
N N
E E T T

OD
O
A A I I
N N C C Oslo Oslo

W NE
50o 50o

N
Stockholm

Nor Nor
t th
GR G Rh

S
Dub DE A EA DEN DEN
IRE lin IRE ublinT
Sea T S e a CoM ARK
penhag
MAR
Copenh K
LAN LAN en agen
D D ti

c
BR
I TA
BR
I TA al
B
Lo
I N Am L T I N Am TH
s
ndo o H terda ndonE
s terda E
n
NETH m NETH m
E R LA E R LA
20o 20o NDS NDSBerlin Berl
Bruss Bruss
e els
BELGls BEE
G G P O L
MANYERMANY
IUM LGRIUM
L uxem Luxe
b mb
Azores Azores Paris LUXE urgPari LUXE urg Prague
MBUR s MBUR
38o Islands 38o Islands G G C Z E C H R E P. C Z
(Portugal) (Portugal) F R F R
A N A NLIECH LIECHTE S LO
28o 28o C E C TEENSTEIN NSna
Vien TEIN Bratis
B B er er
17o 17o SWITZn SWITZnA U S R I A AUS
ERLAN ERLAN T
33o 33o D D H Lju
UNG
Ljubljana blj
Madeira Island Madeira Island SLOVENIA Zagreb
SLOVEN
(Portugal) (Portugal)
CR
O A T I A Belg
POR POR
TUG TUG ANDO ANDO SAN BOS
SAN MANIA &
I

AL AL RRA MORNRAC
AO MOMA RINO
NAC RINO
Lis Lis O Sarajevo
bon bonMa Mad
T

drid rid HERZEGOVINA H

S P S P THE VATIC THE VATIC MONTE
A I A I
A

AN AN
Podgorica
N N Rome Rome
Tir
L

ALBA
Y

10o 10o
M e d i Mt ee dr i t e r
r r
Canary IslandsCanary Islands a a
(Spain) (Spain) n n
e e
a n a n
28o 28o
Valleta
M ALTA
S
Vall eta
MAeLTA
16o 16o
0 0 500 km 500 km
0o 0o Long. 10o east of Greenwich
Long. 10o east of Greenwich
 XXXI europe

100oo 10oo
20 o o
3020 30oo
40 o o
4050 50o 60o 60o 70o 70o

a a
e Ye Y
S
F I

F I
A
An

60o 60o
ia

N L

N L
We g

W
w

N A N

A N
Ro r

R
E

E
D

D
OD

Oslo Helsinki Helsinki

W NE

Stockholm Stockholm
Tallin Tallin
W

ESTONIA ESTONIA

LATVIA LATVIA ow cow

S

S
ea

ea

DEN Mosc MosA A

K MAR Riga Riga I I
Copenh K S S
S

en agen
U S U S
ti t iANIA
c

LITHU LITHUANIA R R
al l
a Vilnius Vilnius
B B Minsk Minsk 50o 50o

U S U S
B E L A R B E L A R
Berlin Berlin
S Warsaw Warsaw

G E R MP O L A NP DO L A N D
Y ANY
Kiev Kiev
Prague Prague E E
C Z E C H R E P. C Z E C H R E P. A I NK R A I N
U K R U
LIECHTE S L O VA K I A S L O VA K I A
NSna
Vien TEIN Bratislava
Vienna Bratislava
MOLDO VA MOLDOVA
UAS T R I A RIA
A U S TBudapest Budapest
ND H Lju
UNGARY HUNGARY Chisinau Chisinau
ubljana bljana
VENIA Zagreb
SLOVENIA Zagreb
R O M A N I AR O M A N I A
CR
O A T I A Belgrade
CR
O A T I A Belgrade
Bucarest Bucarest
BOS
SAN MANIA & BOSNIA & a a
I

RINO
Sarajevo BIA o
S E RSarajev SERBIA S e S e
k k
B l a c B l a c
T

HERZEGOVINA HERZEGOVINASofia Sofia 40o 40o

MONTENEGRO MONTENEGRO
THE VATIC BULGARIA BULGARIA
A

AN
Podgorica Podgorica
me Rome Skopje Skopje
Tirana Tirana
L

FYROM * FYROM *
ALBANIA ALBANIA Ankara Ankara Y Y
K E K E
Y

U R U R
T T

a GREECE GREECE
Athens Athens
n
e
n a n * FORMER YUGOSLAV
* FORMER
REPUBLIC
YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC
OF MACEDONIA OF MACEDONIA
a S MetaAe a
Vall S e a Nicosia Nicosia
ALTA LTA COUNTRY NAMECOUNTRY
IN BOLD: NAME IN BOLD:
o
0h east of Greenwich 20o 20o 30o CYPRUS 30o CYPRUS
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
MEMBREUNION MEMBRE
prepositions / preposiciones XXXII

The cat is
The cat is on the chair at the door

The cat is in the kennel

The cat is under the table The cat jumps over the stones

The cat is in front of

the kennel

The cat runs behind the ball

The cat walks through
the stump

The cat is between

the bowl and the kennel

The cat runs around

the kennel
The cat is opposite the dog
Espaol
Ingls

1
A, a nf (la letra) A, a.
a prep 1 (direccin) to, on , in: girar a la
derecha to turn (to the) right; irse a casa
to go home; subir al autobs to get on
the bus; llegar a Barcelona to arrive in
Barcelona. 2 (destino) to, towards. 3
(distancia) away: a diez kilmetros de ca
sa ten kilometres (away) from home. 4
(lugar) at, on: a la entrada at the en-
trance; a la izquierda on the left. 5 (tiem-
po) at: a las once at eleven; a tiempo in
time; al final in the end. 6 (modo) by, in:
a ciegas blindly; a oscuras in the dark. 7
(instrumento) by, in: a mano by hand; a
pie on foot. 8 (precio) a: a tres euros el kilo
three euros a kilo. 9 (medida) at: a 90 ki
lmetros por hora at 90 kilometres an
hour. 10 (finalidad) to: l vino a vernos he
came to see us. 11 (complemento directo
persona): vi a Juanita I saw Juanita. 12
(complemento indirecto) to: dmelo give it
to me. 13 verbo + a + inf to: aprender a
nadar to learn (how) to swim.
. Consulta tambin al.
baco nm abacus.
abad nm abbot.
abadesa nf abbess.
abada nf abbey.
abajo adv 1 (lugar) below, down: ah
abajo down there. 2 (en una casa) down-
stairs. 3 (direccin) down, downward:
calle abajo down the street.
P interj down with!: abajo el dictador!
down with the dictator!
abalanzarse vpr 1 (lanzarse) to rush
forward, spring forward. 2 abalan
zarse sobre to rush at; (len, tigre) to
pounce on; (guila, etc) to swoop
down on.
A
abandonado,a pp abandonar.
P adj 1 abandoned: un barco abandona
do an abandoned ship. 2 (descuidado)
neglected: tiene el despacho abandonado
his office hasnt been looked after. 3
(desaseado) untidy, unkempt.
abandonar vt 1 (desamparar) to aban-
don, forsake: la suerte le ha abandonado
luck has forsaken him. 2 (lugar) to
leave, quit: abandonar el barco to aban-
don ship. 3 (descuidar) to neglect. 4 dep
(retirarse) to withdraw from.
P vpr abandonarse to neglect os.
abanicar vt to fan.
abanico nm 1 fan. 2 fig range: un abani
co de posibilidades a range of possibilities.
abaratar vt to reduce the price of,
make cheaper.
P vpr abaratarse (precio) to come
down; (artculo) to become cheaper.
abarcar vt 1 (englobar) to cover, embrace:
sus conocimientos abarcan el campo de la psi
cologa her knowledge covers the field of
psychology. 2 (abrazar) to embrace.
abarrotado,a adj packed (de, with).
abastecer vt to supply, provide.
abastecimiento nm supplying.
abasto l o c dar abasto fam to be suf-
ficient for: no doy abasto para corregir
tantos ejercicios Ive got so many exercis-
es to correct that I just cant cope.
abatible adj folding, collapsible:
asiento abatible folding seat.
abatido,a pp abatir.
P adj (deprimido) dejected, depressed.
abatir vt 1 (derribar) to knock down, pull
down. 2 (matar) to kill; (herir) to wound.
3 (bajar) to lower, take down.
abdicar vt & vi to abdicate, renounce.
 abdomen
abdomen nm abdomen.
abdominal adj abdominal.
P nm pl abdominales (ejercicios) sit-ups.
abductor adj abductor.
abecedario nm alphabet.
abedul nm birch tree, birch.
abeja nf bee. c o m p abeja obrera work-
er bee. y abeja reina queen bee.
abejorro nm bumblebee.
abertura nf 1 (agujero) opening, gap;
(grieta) crack, slit. 2 (en ptica) aperture.
abeto nm fir tree, fir.
abierto,a pp abrir.
P adj 1 open, unlocked. 2 (grifo)
(turned) on: dej el grifo abierto she left
the tap running. 3 fig (sincero) open,
frank. 4 (tolerante) open-minded.
abisal adj abyssal.
abismo nm abyss.
ablacin nf ablation.
ablandar vt 1 to soften. 2 fig (persona)
to soothe, soften up, appease.
P vpr ablandarse to soften, get softer.
ablativo nm ablative (case).
abofetear vt to slap.
abogaca nf legal profession.
abogado,a nm & nf lawyer, solicitor;
(tribunal supremo) barrister. c o m p aboga
do de oficio legal-aid lawyer. y abogado
defensor counsel for the defence. y
abogado del diablo devils advocate.
abolicin nf abolition.
abolir vt to abolish.
abolladura nf (hundimiento) dent; (bollo)
bump.
abollar vt to dent.
abominable adj abominable, loath-
some.
abonado,a pp abonar.
P adj 1 (tierra) fertilized. 2 fin paid.
P nm & nf (al telfono, a revista) subscriber;
(a teatro, tren, etc) season ticket holder.
abonar vt 1 fin to pay. 2 (tierra) to ferti-
lize. 3 (subscribir) to subscribe.
P vpr abonarse (a una revista) to sub-
scribe (a, to); (al teatro, tren, etc) to buy
a season ticket (a, for).
abono nm 1 (pago) payment. 2 (fertili-
zante) fertilizer; (accin) fertilizing. 3
2
(a revista) subscription; (a teatro, tren, etc)
season-ticket.
abordaje nm boarding. l o c al aborda
je! stand by to board!
abordar vt 1 mar (chocar) to run foul
of, collide with; (atacar) to board. 2
fig (persona) to approach; (asunto, tema)
to tackle.
aborigen adj aboriginal, native.
P nm aborigine, native.
aborrecer vt 1 to abhor, hate, detest.
2 (aves) to abandon.
abortar vi (voluntariamente) to abort,
have an abortion; (involuntariamente)
to miscarry, have a miscarriage.
P vt (interrumpir) to stop; (frustrar) to
foil, thwart.
aborto nm 1 (provocado) abortion; (es-
pontneo) miscarriage. 2 pey (persona)
ugly person, freak; (cosa) abortion.
abotonar vt (ropa) to button, button up.
P vpr abotonarse to do ones buttons up.
abovedado,a adj vaulted, arched.
abrasador,ra adj burning, scorching.
abrasar vt (quemar) to burn, scorch.
P vi to burn (up): esta sopa abrasa this
soup is scalding hot.
P vpr abrasarse to burn. l o c abrasarse
de calor fig to be sweltering.
abrazadera nf clamp, brace.
abrazar vt to embrace, hug.
abrazo nm hug, embrace. l o c dar un
abrazo a algn to embrace sb. y un abrazo
a hug y abrazos hugs.
abrebotellas nm inv bottle opener.
abrecartas nm inv letter-opener, pa-
per knife.
abrelatas nm inv tin-opener, us can-
opener.
abrevadero nm drinking trough.
abreviar vt 1 (acortar) to shorten, cut
short. 2 (texto) to abridge; (palabra) to
abbreviate.
abreviatura nf abbreviation.
abridor nm opener.
abrigar vt 1 (contra el fro) to wrap up;
(ropa) to be warm. 2 (proteger) to shel-
ter, protect. 3 fig (sospechas) to har-
bour (us harbor), have.
 3 acabar
P vpr abrigarse (uso reflexivo) to wrap
os up.
abrigo nm 1 (prenda) coat, overcoat. 2
(refugio) shelter. l o c ropa de abrigo
warm clothing, warm clothes pl.
abril nm April.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
abrillantador nm polish.
abrillantar vt to polish, make shine,
burnish.
abrir vt 1 (gen) to open. 2 (cremallera) to
undo: abri la cremallera de la maleta she
undid the zip on the case, she unzipped
the case. 3 (luz) to switch on, turn on;
(gas, grifo) to turn on.
P vpr abrirse 1 (gen) to open. 2 (dar) to
open (a, onto), look (a, onto): la casa
se abre al mar the house looks onto the
sea. 3 fig (sincerarse) to open out. 4 argot
(largarse) to clear off, be off. l o c abrir
fuego mil to open fire. y abrir paso to
make way. y en un abrir y cerrar de ojos
fam in the twinkling of an eye.
abrochar vt 1 (camisa) to button (up);
(zapato) to tie up. 2 (botones) to do up;
(broche, corchete) to fasten: abrchense los
cinturones please fasten your seat belts.
absceso nm abscess.
abscisa nf abscissa.
bside nm apse.
absolucin nf 1 rel absolution. 2 jur
acquittal.
absolutismo nm absolutism.
absoluto,a adj absolute. l o c en abso
luto not at all, by no means. y nada
en absoluto nothing at all.
absolver vt 1 rel to absolve. 2 jur to
acquit.
absorbente adj 1 absorbent. 2 fig (tra-
bajo) absorbing; (exigente) demanding.
3 fig (persona) overbearing.
P nm absorbent.
absorber vt to absorb, soak up.
absorcin nf absorption.
absorto,a adj 1 (pasmado) amazed. 2
(ensimismado) absorbed (en, in).
abstemio,a adj abstemious, teetotal.
P nm & nf teetotaller.
abstencin nf abstention.
A
abstenerse vpr to abstain (de, from),
refrain (de, from).
abstinencia nf abstinence. c o m p sn
drome de abstinencia withdrawal
symptoms pl.
abstraccin nf abstraction.
abstracto,a adj abstract.
absurdo,a adj absurd.
abuchear vt to boo, jeer at.
abuela nf grandmother; (familiarmente)
grandma, granny.
abuelo nm grandfather; (familiarmente)
granddad, grandpa.
P nm pl abuelos grandparents.
abundancia nf abundance, plenty.
abundante adj abundant, plentiful.
abundar vi to abound, be plentiful.
aburrido,a pp aburrir.
P adj 1 (con ser) boring, tedious. 2 (con
estar) bored, weary; (cansado) tired of;
(harto) fed up with.
aburrimiento nm boredom.
aburrir vt 1 to bore. 2 (cansar) to tire.
P vpr aburrirse to get bored (con/de/
por, with).
abusar vi 1 (propasarse) to go too far,
abuse (de, -): abusar de algn to take un-
fair advantage of sb. 2 (usar mal) to mis-
use (de, -): abusar de la comida to eat too
much.
abusivo,a adj excessive, exorbitant.
abuso nm 1 abuse, misuse. 2 (injusticia)
injustice.
a.C. abrev (antes de Cristo) before
Christ; (abreviatura) BC.
ac adv 1 (lugar) here, over here. 2
(tiempo) now, at this time. l o c de ac
para all to and fro, up and down.
acabado,a pp acabar.
P adj 1 (terminado) finished; (perfecto)
perfect, complete: acabado,a de hacer
freshly made. 2 fig (malparado) worn-
out, spent: una persona acabada a has-
been; un actor acabado a burnt-out actor.
P nm acabado finish.
acabar vt 1 (gen) to finish; (completar) to
complete. 2 (consumir) to use up.
 academia
P vi 1 (gen) to finish, end; acaba en punta
it has a pointed end. 2 acabar por +
gerundio to end up + -ing: acab por com
prar el vestido I ended up buying the dress.
P vpr acabarse to end, finish, come
to an end; (no quedar) to run out. l o c
acabar bien to have a happy ending.
y acabar con 1 (destruir) to destroy, put
an end to. 2 (terminar) to finish, finish
off. y acabar de + inf to have just + pp:
no lo toques, acabo de pintarlo ahora mismo
dont touch it, Ive just painted it. y aca
bar mal 1 (cosa) to end badly. 2 (perso-
na) to come to a bad end. y se acab!
thats it!
academia nf 1 (institucin) academy. 2
(escuela) school, academy.
acalorado,a adj 1 hot; (cara) flushed.
2 fig (persona) excited, worked up;
(debate) heated, angry.
acampada nf camping.
acampar vt & vi to camp.
acantilado nm cliff.
acaparar vt 1 (productos) to hoard; (mer-
cado) to corner, buy up. 2 (monopolizar)
to monopolize, keep for os.
acariciar vt 1 to caress, fondle. 2 (pelo,
animal) to stroke. 3 fig (esperanzas, etc) to
cherish; (idea, plan) to have in mind.
caro nm mite.
acarrear vt 1 (transportar) to carry,
transport. 2 fig (producir) to cause,
bring, give rise to.
acaso adv perhaps, maybe: acaso est
enfermo maybe hes ill. l o c por si acaso
just in case.
acatar vt 1 (leyes, etc) to obey, observe,
comply with. 2 (respetar) to respect.
acatarrarse vpr to catch a cold.
acceder vi 1 (consentir) to consent (a,
to), agree (a, to). 2 (tener entrada) to
enter. 3 (alcanzar) to accede (a, to).
accesible adj accessible; (persona) ap-
proachable.
acceso nm 1 (entrada) access, entry. 2 (de
tos) fit; (de fiebre) attack, bout. 3 inform
access: acceso aleatorio random access.
4
accidental adj accidental: no fue ms
que un encuentro accidental it was noth-
ing but a chance meeting.
accidente nm 1 accident: sufrir un acci
dente to have an accident. 2 (terreno) un-
evenness, irregularity. l o c por acci
dente by chance. c o m p accidente de
trabajo industrial accident. y accidente
de trfico road accident. y accidentes
geogrficos geographical features.
accin nf 1 action; (acto) act, deed. 2
com share. 3 teat plot. l o c entrar en
accin mil to go into action. y ponerse
en accin to start doing sth. c o m p pe
lcula de accin adventure film.
accionar vt (mquina) to drive, work,
activate.
accionista nm o nf shareholder, stock-
holder.
acechar vt 1 (vigilar) to watch, spy on; (es-
perar) to lie in wait for. 2 (caza) to stalk.
acecho l o c estar al acecho de 1 (vigilar)
to be on the lookout for. 2 (esperar)
to lie in wait for.
aceite nm oil. c o m p aceite de girasol
sunflower oil. y aceite de maz corn
oil. y aceite de oliva olive oil. y aceite
de ricino castor oil.
aceitera nf 1 oil bottle. 2 auto oil can.
P nf pl aceiteras oil and vinegar set
sing, cruet sing.
aceituna nf olive.
aceleracin nf acceleration. c o m p po
der de aceleracin auto acceleration.
acelerador,ra adj accelerating.
P nm acelerador auto accelerator.
acelerar vt 1 to accelerate; (paso) to
quicken. 2 fig to speed up.
acelga nf chard.
acento nm 1 (tilde) accent (mark). 2 (t-
nico) stress. 3 (pronunciacin) accent:
acento andaluz Andalusian accent. 4 (n-
fasis) emphasis, stress. c o m p acento
ortogrfico written accent, accent.
acentuacin nf accentuation.
acentuar vt 1 (tilde) to accentuate; (t-
nico) to stress. 2 (resaltar) to empha-
size, stress.

P vpr acentuarse to become more
pronounced, become more marked.
acepcin nf meaning, sense.
aceptable adj acceptable.
aceptacin nf 1 acceptance. 2 (aproba-
cin) approval; (xito) success: la pelcu
la tuvo poca aceptacin the film wasnt
popular, the film met with little success.
aceptar vt 1 to accept, receive. 2
(aprobar) to approve of.
acequia nf irrigation channel, ditch.
acera nf pavement, us sidewalk.
acerca de adv about, concerning, on.
acercar vt to bring near, bring nearer,
draw up: acrcate come closer; me
acercas el agua? can you pass the water?
P vpr acercarse 1 (aproximarse) to be
near: se acerca el verano summer is near.
2 (ir) to go: acrcate a la esquina go to the
corner. 3 (visitar) to drop in, drop by.
acero nm steel. c o m p acero inoxidable
stainless steel.
acertado,a pp acertar.
P adj 1 (opinin, etc) right, correct; (co-
mentario) fitting; (idea, decisin) clever;
(palabra) exact. 2 (conveniente) suitable.
l o c estar acertado,a to be wise.
acertante nm o nf winner.
acertar vt 1 (en un objetivo) to hit. 2 (dar
con lo cierto) to get right: solo acert cinco
preguntas she only got five questions
right. 3 (por azar) to guess correctly;
(concurso, quinielas) to win.
P vi to get right, be right.
acertijo nm riddle.
actico,a adj acetic.
acetileno nm acetylene.
achacar vt to impute, attribute.
achaque nm ailment, complaint.
achatado,a adj flattened.
achicar vt 1 (hacerse ms peqeuo) to di-
minish, reduce, make smaller. 2
(agua) to drain; (en barco) to bale out.
P vpr achicarse 1 (amenguarse) to get
smaller. 2 (amilanarse) to lose heart.
achicharrar vt to scorch; (comida) to
burn.
P vpr achicharrarse to roast.
achicoria nf chicory.
5 acogida
achuchar vt 1 (azuzar) to nag at. 2
A
(abrazar) to hug, squeeze: haba una
pareja achuchndose en el rincn there was
a couple having a cuddle in the corner.
3 (empujar) to shove.
achuchn nm 1 fam (empujn) push,
shove. 2 fam (indisposicin) ailment: le
dio un achuchn he had a funny turn. 3
fam (abrazo) hug, squeeze.
acicalarse vpr to dress up, smarten up.
acicate nm spur.
acidez nf 1 (sabor) sourness, sharp-
ness. 2 qum acidity. c o m p acidez de
estmago heartburn.
cido,a adj 1 (sabor) sharp, tart. 2 qum
acidic. 3 (tono) harsh.
P nm cido qum acid. c o m p cido sulf
rico sulphuric acid. y cido rico uric
acid.
acierto nm 1 (adivinacin) correct guess,
right answer. 2 (buena idea) good
choice/idea.
aclamar vt to acclaim.
aclaracin nf explanation.
aclarar vt 1 (cabello, color) to lighten,
make lighter. 2 (lquido) to thin
(down). 3 (enjuagar) to rinse. 4 (expli-
car) to explain.
P vi (mejorar el tiempo) to clear (up).
P vpr aclararse 1 (entender) to under-
stand: no me aclaro con esta leccin I cant
understand this lesson. 2 (decidirse) to
make up ones mind.
aclimatacin nf acclimatization, us
acclimation.
aclimatarse vpr to become acclima-
tized (a, to), become us acclimated
(a, to).
acn nf acne.
acobardarse vpr to become fright-
ened, lose ones nerve, shrink back
(ante, from).
acogedor,ra adj 1 (persona) welcom-
ing, friendly. 2 (lugar) cosy, warm.
acoger vt (recibir) to receive; (a invitado)
to welcome.
acogida nf 1 reception, welcome. 2
(aceptacin) popularity. l o c tener bue
na acogida to be welcomed.
 acometer
acometer vt 1 (embestir) to attack. 2
(emprender) to undertake.
acometida nf 1 (ataque) attack, as-
sault. 2 (derivacin) connection.
acomodado,a adj (rico) well-to-do,
well off.
acomodador,ra nm & nf (hombre) ush-
er; (mujer) usherette.
acompaamiento nm 1 accompani-
ment. 2 (guarnicin de plato) accompa-
niment to a main dish, side dish. 3
ms accompaniment.
acompaante nm o nf 1 companion,
escort. 2 ms accompanist.
acompaar vt 1 to accompany, go
with: te acompao a la puerta Ill see you
to the door; nos acompa al cine she
came with us to the cinema. 2 (adjuntar)
to enclose, attach. 3 ms to accom-
pany. l o c acompaar en el sentimiento
fml to express ones condolences to.
acondicionado,a pp acondicionar.
P adj equipped, fitted-out.
acondicionador nm conditioner. comp
acondicionador de aire air condition-
er. y acondicionador del cabello hair
conditioner.
acondicionar vt 1 to fit up, set up. 2
(mejorar) to improve.
aconsejable adj advisable.
aconsejar vt to advise.
acontecimiento nm event, happening.
acopio l o c hacer acopio de to store up.
acoplamiento nm 1 fitting, adapta-
tion. 2 (de naves espaciales) docking.
acoplar vt 1 (juntar) to fit (together), join,
adjust. 2 tc to couple, connect.
P vpr acoplarse 1 to fit, join. 2 (naves
espaciales) to dock.
acorazado,a adj armoured ( us ar-
mored), armour-plated (us armor-
plated).
P nm acorazado battleship.
acordar vt 1 to agree. 2 (decidir) to decide.
P vpr acordarse to remember (de, -):
no se acuerda de nada she cant remember
anything.
acorde adj in agreement, agreed.
P nm ms chord.
6
acorden nm accordion.
acorralar vt to corner.
acortar vt & vi to shorten, make shorter.
acosar vt to pursue, chase.
acoso nm 1 pursuit, chase. 2 fig
hounding. c o m p acoso sexual sexual
harassment.
acostarse vpr 1 (estirarse) to lie down.
2 (irse a dormir) to go to bed: es hora de
acostarse its bedtime. l o c acostarse con
fam to sleep with, go to bed with.
acostumbrado,a pp acostumbrar.
adj 1 (persona) accustomed (a, to),
P
used (a, to). 2 (hecho) usual, custom-
ary: es lo acostumbrado it is the custom.
acostumbrar vt 1 (habituar) to accus-
tom to. 2 (soler) to be in the habit of.
P vpr acostumbrarse (habituarse) to be-
come accustomed (a, to), get used
(a, to).
acre nm (medida) acre.
acreditado,a adj 1 (prestigioso) reputa-
ble, well-known, prestigious. 2 (re-
presentante, embajador) accredited.
acreedor,ra adj deserving: ser/hacerse
acreedor a to be worthy of.
P nm & nf fin creditor.
acribillar vt to riddle, pepper.
acrlico,a adj acrylic.
acrobacia nf acrobatics.
acrbata nm o nf acrobat.
acta nf 1 (relacin) minutes pl, record
(of proceedings); (publicacin) transac-
tions pl. 2 (certificado) certificate, offi-
cial document. l o c levantar acta to
draw up the minutes. c o m p acta no
tarial affidavit.
actinia nf sea anemone.
actitud nf (disposicin) attitude; (postura)
position.
activar vt 1 tc to activate. 2 inform
to enable. 3 fig (avivar) to liven up,
quicken.
actividad nf activity.
activo,a adj active: estar en activo to be
on active service.
P nm activo fin asset, assets pl.
 7 ademn
acto nm 1 act, action. 2 (ceremonia) cere-
mony. 3 teat act. l o c en el acto at
once.
actor nm actor.
actriz nf actress.
actuacin nf 1 (en cine, teatro) perfor-
mance. 2 (intervencin) intervention,
action.
actual adj 1 present, current: dadas las
circunstancias actuales under the present
circumstances. 2 (actualizado) up-to-
date: tiene un diseo muy actual it has a
very up-to-date design.
actualidad nf 1 present (time). 2 (he-
chos) current affairs pl; (estado) the cur-
rent state of things: este programa te da
toda la actualidad cinematogrfica this pro-
gramme gives you all the latest cinema
news. l o c en la actualidad at present.
actualizar vt 1 (poner al da) to bring up
to date, update. 2 (filosofa) to actual-
ize.
actualmente adv (hoy en da) nowa-
days, these days; (ahora) at present,
at the moment.
actuar vi 1 (gen) to act (como/de, as). 2
(en obra, pelcula) to perform, act.
acuarela nf watercolour (us water-
color).
acuario nm aquarium.
Acuario nm inv Aquarius.
acutico,a adj aquatic, water.
acudir vi 1 (ir) to go; (venir) to come,
arrive. 2 (presentarse) to come back.
acueducto nm aqueduct.
acuerdo nm agreement. l o c de acuer
do! all right!, O.K.! y de acuerdo con
in accordance with. y estar de acuer
do to agree (con, with). y llegar a un
acuerdo to come to an agreement. y
ponerse de acuerdo to agree.
acumulacin nf accumulation.
acumular vt to accumulate; (datos) to
gather; (dinero) to amass.
acunar vt to rock.
acuar vt 1 (monedas) to strike, coin,
mint. 2 (una frase) to coin.
acupuntura nf acupuncture.
acurrucarse vpr to curl up, snuggle up.
acusacin nf 1 accusation. 2
A
jur
charge.
acusado,a pp acusar.
P nm & nf accused, defendant.
acusar vt 1 (echar la culpa) to accuse (de,
of). 2 jur to charge (de, with). 3 (ma-
nifestar) to give away.
acusativo nm accusative.
acuse c o m p acuse de recibo acknowl-
edgement of receipt.
acstica nf acoustics.
acutngulo c o m p tringulo acutngulo
acute triangle.
adaptacin nf adaptation.
adaptar vt 1 (acomodar) to adapt. 2
(ajustar) to adjust, fit.
P vpr adaptarse (persona) to adapt os
(a, to); (cosa) to fit, adjust.
adecuado,a pp adecuar.
P adj adequate, suitable.
adecuar vt to adapt, make suitable.
a. de J.C. abrev (antes de Jesucristo) be-
fore Christ; (abreviatura) BC.
adelantado,a loc por adelantado in
advance.
adelantamiento nm overtaking. loc
hacer un adelantamiento to overtake.
adelantar vt 1 to move forward. 2
(reloj) to put forward. 3 (pasar delante)
to pass. 4 auto to overtake. 5 (dinero)
to pay in advance.
P vi (reloj) to be fast.
P vpr adelantarse 1 (ir delante) to go
ahead. 2 (llegar temprano) to be early. 3
(anticiparse) to get ahead (a, of). 4 (re-
loj) to gain, be fast.
adelante adv forward, further.
P interj 1 (pase) come in! 2 (siga) go
ahead!, carry on! l o c de aqu en ade
lante from here on. y en adelante
henceforth. y ms adelante 1 (tiempo)
later on. 2 (espacio) further on.
adelanto nm 1 (avance) advance. 2
(tiempo) advance. 3 (pago) advance;
(tcnicamente) advance payment.
adelgazar vt (afinar) to make slim.
P vi (perder peso) to slim, lose weight.
ademn nm (gesto) gesture.
P nm pl ademanes manners.
adems
adems adv 1 (tambin) also, as well. 2
(es ms) furthermore, what is more:
y adems, el coche es mo! and whats
more, the cars mine! l o c adems de as
well as, in addition to: adems de
amable es guapo as well as being kind,
hes handsome.
adenoides nm adenoids.
adentro adv inside.
P nm pl adentros inward mind sing: pa
ra sus adentros in his heart. l o c mar
adentro out to sea.
adepto,a nm & nf follower, supporter.
aderezar vt (condimentar) to season; (en-
salada) to dress.
adeudar vt 1 (deber) to owe, have a
debt of. 2 fin to debit, charge.
adherente adj adherent, adhesive.
adherir vt (pegar) to stick on.
P vi (pegarse) to stick (a, to).
P vpr adherirse 1 (pegarse) to stick (a,
to). 2 fig (unirse) to adhere to, follow.
adhesivo,a adj adhesive.
P nm adhesivo adhesive.
adicin nf addiction.
adiccin nf addition. l o c crear adic
cin to be addictive.
adicional adj additional.
adictivo,a adj addictive.
adicto,a adj addicted (a, to).
P nm & nf 1 (drogas) addict. 2 (partidario)
supporter, follower.
adiestrar vt to train, instruct.
adinerado,a adj rich, wealthy.
adis interj 1 (gen) goodbye!; (familiar-
mente) bye!, bye-bye! 2 (al cruzarse con
alguien) hello!
P nm goodbye.
adiposo,a adj adipose.
aditivo,a adj additive.
P nm aditivo additive.
adivinanza nf riddle, puzzle.
adivinar vt 1 (descubrir) to guess: le adi
vin el pensamiento she read his mind. 2
(predecir) to forecast, foretell. 3 (enig-
ma) to solve.
adivino,a nm & nf fortune-teller.
adjetivo,a adj adjective, adjectival.
P nm adjetivo adjective.
8
adjudicar vt 1 (premio) to award. 2 (ven-
ta) to sell, knock down: adjudicado!
sold! 3 (obras) to award a contract to.
P vpr adjudicarse 1 (apropiarse) to appro-
priate, take over. 2 (obtener) to win.
adjunto,a adj 1 (en carta) enclosed. 2
(asistente) assistant.
administracin nf 1 (gen) administra-
tion. 2 (de medicamento) administering.
c o m p administracin de lotera lottery
office. y administracin pblica public
administration.
administrador,ra nm & nf 1 adminis-
trator. 2 (manager) manager. c o m p
administrador,ra de fincas estate agent.
y administrador de web webmaster.
administrar vt 1 (bienes, justicia) to ad-
minister. 2 (dirigir) to manage, run. 3
(suministrar) to give: le administr una as
pirina she gave him an aspirin.
P vpr administrarse to manage ones own
money, manage ones own affairs.
administrativo,a adj administrative.
P nm & nf (funcionario) official, civil
servant; (de empresa, banco) office
worker.
admirable adj admirable.
admiracin nf 1 admiration. 2 (signo)
exclamation mark.
admirador,ra nm & nf admirer.
admirar vt 1 (estimar) to admire. 2 (sor-
prender) to amaze, surprise, astonish.
admisin nf 1 admission. 2 (aceptacin)
acceptance. 3 tc inlet, intake. l o c
Reservado el derecho de admisin
The management reserves the
right to refuse admission. c o m p pla
zo de admisin closing date.
admitir vt 1 (dar entrada) to admit, let in.
2 (aceptar) to accept, admit: No se admi
ten propinas No tipping, Tipping not
allowed. 3 (permitir) to allow: su obra ad
mite varias interpretaciones his work is
open to various interpretations. 4 (recono-
cer) to admit. 5 (tener capacidad) to hold.
ADN abrev med (cido desoxirribonuclei-
co) desoxyribonucleic acid; (abrevia-
tura) DNA.
adobar vt 1 culin to marinate, mari-
nade. 2 (pieles) to tan.
 9 Afganistn
adobe nm adobe.
adolescencia nf adolescence.
adolescente adj adolescent.
P nm o nf adolescent.
adonde adv where.
adnde adv where.
adopcin nf adoption.
adoptar vt to adopt.
adoptivo,a adj adoptive.
adoqun nm cobble, paving stone.
adorable adj adorable.
adoracin nf adoration, worship.
adorar vt 1 rel to worship. 2 fig to
adore.
adormecerse vpr to doze off.
adormilarse vpr to doze, drowse.
adornar vt to adorn, decorate.
adorno nm decoration, adornment.
loc de adorno decorative.
adosado,a adj semidetached: casas
adosadas semidetached houses.
adquirir vt to acquire; (comprar) to buy.
adquisicin nf acquisition; (compra)
buy, purchase.
adrede adv deliberately, on purpose,
purposely.
adrenalina nf adrenalin.
aduana nf 1 customs pl. 2 (oficinas) cus-
toms building. l o c pasar (por) la
aduana to go through customs.
aducir vt to adduce, allege.
aduearse vpr to take possession
(de, of).
adulacin nf adulation, flattery.
adular vt to adulate, flatter.
adulterar vt to adulterate.
adulterio nm adultery.
adulto,a adj adult.
P nm & nf adult.
adverbio nm adverb.
adversario,a adj opposing.
P nm & nf adversary, opponent.
adversidad nf adversity, misfortune.
adverso,a adj adverse.
advertencia nf 1 warning. 2 (consejo)
piece of advice.
advertir vt 1 (darse cuenta) to notice, re-
alize. 2 (llamar la atencin) to warn: ya
te lo advert I told you. 3 (aconsejar) to
advise. A
adviento nm Advent.
adyacente adj adjacent.
areo,a adj 1 aerial. 2 av air.
aerobic nm aerobics.
aerobio,a adj aerobic.
aerodeslizador nm hovercraft.
aerodinmico,a adj aerodynamic.
aerdromo nm aerodrome, us airfield.
aeroespacial adj aerospace.
aerofagia nf aerophagia.
aergrafo nm airbrush.
aerolnea nf airline.
aeronutica nf aeronautics.
aeronaval adj air-sea.
aeronave nf airship. c o m p aeronave es
pacial spaceship.
aeroplano nm aeroplane, us airplane.
aeropuerto nm airport.
aerosol nm aerosol, spray.
aerosttico,a adj aerostatic.
aerotaxi nm air taxi.
afable adj affable, kind.
afamado,a adj famous, well-known.
afn nm 1 (celo) zeal; (inters) keenness,
eagerness. 2 (esfuerzo) effort.
afanar vt fam (robar) to nick, pinch.
P vprafanarse to work with zeal. l o c
afanarse en to work hard at. y afanar
se por to strive to, do ones best to.
afeccin nf (enfermedad) complaint, dis-
ease.
afectado,a pp afectar.
P adj affected.
afectar vt 1 (impresionar) to move. 2 (da-
ar) to damage. 3 (concernir) to concern.
afectivo,a adj 1 (sensible) sensitive. 2
(psicologa) affective.
afecto nm affection: con todo mi afecto
with all my love. l o c tomarle afecto a
algn to become fond of sb.
afectuoso,a adj affectionate.
afeitar vt to shave.
afeminado,a adj effeminate.
aferrarse vpr to clutch (a, to), cling (a,
to).
Afganistn nm Afghanistan.
 afgano
afgano,a adj Afghan.
P nm & nf (persona) Afghan.
P nm afgano (idioma) Afghan.
afianzar vt 1 (sujetar) to strengthen,
reinforce. 2 fig to support, back.
P vpr afianzarse (estabilizarse) to steady os.
aficin nf 1 (inclinacin) liking, pen-
chant: tener aficin por algo to be fond of
sth. 2 la aficin the fans pl, the sup-
porters pl.
aficionado,a pp aficionarse.
P adj 1 keen, fond: ser aficionado a algo to
be fond of sth. 2 (no profesional) amateur.
P nm & nf 1 fan, enthusiast. 2 (no profe-
sional) amateur.
aficionarse vpr to become fond ( a,
of), take a liking (a, to).
afijo nm affix.
afilar vt to sharpen.
afiliarse vpr to join (a, to), become
affiliated (a, to).
afn adj 1 (semejante) similar, kindred. 2
(relacionado) related. 3 (prximo) adja-
cent, next.
afinar vt 1 ms to tune. 2 (puntera) to
sharpen.
afinidad nf 1 affinity. 2 qum similarity.
afirmacin nf statement, assertion.
afirmar vt 1 (afianzar) to strengthen,
reinforce. 2 (aseverar) to state, say,
declare.
P vpr afirmarse (ratificarse) to maintain
(en, -).
afirmativo,a adj affirmative. l o c en
caso afirmativo if the answer is yes.
afliccin nf affliction, grief, suffering.
afligir vt to afflict, grieve, trouble.
P vpr afligirse to grieve, be distressed.
aflojar vt 1 (soltar) to loosen. 2 fig (esfuer-
zo) to relax. 3 fam fig (dinero) to pay up.
aflorar vi 1 (mineral) to crop out/
up, outcrop. 2 fig (aparecer) to come up
to the surface, appear.
afluencia nf inflow, influx: afluencia de
pblico flow of people.
afluente nm (ro) tributary.
afona nf loss of voice.
afnico,a adj hoarse, voiceless. l o c
estar afnico to have lost ones voice.
10
aforo nm (capacidad) seating capacity.
afortunado,a adj 1 lucky, fortunate:
fue una pregunta poco afortunada it was a
rather inappropriate question. 2 (dichoso)
happy.
afrenta nf fml affront, outrage.
africano,a adj African.
P nm & nf African.
afrontar vt to face, confront.
afterhours nm after-hours club.
afuera adv outside: la parte de afuera the
outside; salir afuera to come/go out.
P nm pl afueras outskirts.
agacharse vpr 1 (encogerse) to cower. 2
(agazaparse) to crouch (down), squat.
agalla nf 1 (de pez) gill. 2 (de ave) tem-
ple. 3 bot gall, oak apple.
P nf pl agallas fam courage sing, guts,
pluck sing: tener agallas to have guts.
agarrado,a pp agarrar.
P adj fam stingy, tight. l o c bailar aga
rrado to dance cheek to cheek.
agarrar vt 1 (con la mano) to clutch,
seize, grasp: agrrala fuerte hold it
tight. 2 fam (pillar) to catch.
P vpr agarrarse (cogerse) to hold on,
cling (a, to).
agarrotado,a adj (msculo) stiff.
gata nf agate.
agencia nf agency; (sucursal) branch.
c o m p agencia de turismo tourist of-
fice. y agencia de viajes travel agency.
agenda nf 1 (libro) diary. 2 (orden del da)
agenda.
agente nm o nf agent.
P nm agent. c o m p agente de cambio y
bolsa stockbroker. y agente de polica
1 (hombre) policeman. 2 (mujer) police-
woman.
gil adj agile.
agilidad nf agility.
agilizar vt to speed up.
agitar vt 1 (mover) to agitate, shake;
(pauelo) to wave: Agtese antes de usar
lo Shake before use. 2 (intranquilizar)
agitate, excite.
aglomeracin nf 1 agglomeration. 2
(de gente) crowd.
aglomerado nm (madera) chipboard.
 11
agnosticismo nm agnosticism.
agobiado,a pp agobiar.
P adj fig (abrumado) overwhelmed: ago
biado de trabajo up to ones eyes in work.
agobiar vt (abrumar) to overwhelm.
P vpr agobiarse (angustiarse) to worry
too much, get worked up.
agobio nm burden, fatigue, suffocation.
agona nf 1 dying breath, last gasp: mu
ri despus de una larga agona she died af-
ter a long illness; en su agona on her
deathbed. 2 (sufrimiento) agony, grief,
sorrow.
agonizar vi to be dying: est agonizan
do she could die any moment now.
agosto nm August. l o c hacer su agos
to fig to make a packet/pile, feather
ones nest.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
agotado,a pp agotar.
P adj 1 (cansado) exhausted, worn out. 2
(libros) out of print; (mercancas) sold out.
agotador,ra adj exhausting.
agotamiento nm exhaustion. c o m p
agotamiento fsico physical strain.
agotar vt to exhaust, tire/wear out.
P vpr agotarse 1 (cansarse) to become
exhausted, become tired out. 2 com
to be sold out.
agraciado,a adj 1 (bello) attractive,
beautiful. 2 (ganador) winning.
P nm & nf lucky winner. l o c ser poco
agraciado, -a to be unattractive/plain.
agradable adj nice, pleasant.
agradar vi to please.
agradecer vt 1 to thank for, be grate-
ful for. 2 (uso impersonal) to be wel-
come: siempre se agradece una ayuda
help is always welcome.
agradecido,a pp agradecer.
Padj grateful, thankful: le quedara
muy agradecido si I should be very
much obliged if
agradecimiento nm gratefulness,
gratitude, thankfulness.
agrado nm pleasure: no es de su agrado it
isnt to his liking.
agrandar vt to enlarge, make larger.
aguacate
agrario,a adj agrarian, land, agricul-
tural. A
agravante adj aggravating.
P nm & nf 1 added difficulty. 2 jur ag-
gravating circumstance.
agravar vt to aggravate, worsen.
P vpr agravarse to get worse, worsen.
agravio nm offence, insult.
agredir vt to attack.
agregar vt to add.
agresin nf aggression, attack.
agresividad nf aggressiveness.
agresivo,a adj aggressive.
agresor,ra nm & nf aggressor, attacker.
agreste adj 1 (salvaje) wild. 2 (abrupto)
rugged; (rocoso) rocky. 3 (sin cultivar)
uncultivated.
agrcola adj agricultural, farming.
agricultor,ra nm & nf farmer.
agricultura nf agriculture, farming.
agridulce adj 1 bittersweet. 2 culin
sweet and sour.
agrietarse vpr to crack; (piel) to get
chapped.
agrio,a adj sour.
P nm pl agrios citrus fruits.
agronoma nf agronomy.
agrnomo,a adj farming.
P nm & nf agronomist.
agropecuario,a adj agricultural,
farming.
agrupacin nf 1 grouping, group. 2
(asociacin) association.
agrupar vt to group, put into groups.
P vpr agruparse 1 to group together,
form a group. 2 (asociarse) to associate.
agua nf 1 water: echarse al agua to dive
in. 2 (lluvia) rain. 3 arquit slope of a
roof: tejado a dos aguas pitched roof.
c o m p agua dulce fresh water. y agua
corriente running water. y agua de co
lonia (eau de) cologne. y agua del gri
fo tap water. y agua mineral con gas
sparkling mineral water. y agua oxi
genada hydrogen peroxide. y agua
potable drinking water. y aguas juris
diccionales territorial waters.
aguacate nm (rbol) avocado; (fruto)
avocado (pear).
aguacero
aguacero nm heavy shower, down-
pour.
aguado,a pp aguar.
P adj watered down, wishy-washy.
aguafiestas nm o nf inv killjoy, spoil-
sport, wet blanket.
aguafuerte nm & nf 1 arte etching. 2
qum nitric acid.
aguamarina nf aquamarine.
aguanieve nf sleet.
aguantar vt 1 (contener) to hold (back).
2 (sostener) to hold, support. 3 (sopor-
tar) to tolerate: no aguanto ms I cant
stand any more, I cant take any more.
P vpr aguantarse 1 (contenerse) to keep
back; (risa, lgrimas) to hold back. 2
(resignarse) to resign os.
aguante nm 1 (paciencia) patience, en-
durance. 2 (fuerza) strength. l o c tener
mucho aguante 1 (paciente) to be very
patient. 2 (resistente) to be strong,
have a lot of stamina.
aguar vt to water down, add water
to. l o c aguar la fiesta a algn to spoil
sbs fun.
aguardar vt to wait (for), await.
P vi to wait.
aguardiente nm eau de vie, spirit,
liquor.
aguarrs nm turpentine.
agudo,a adj 1 (afilado) sharp. 2 (dolor)
acute. 3 fig (ingenioso) witty; (mordaz)
sharp. 4 (voz) high-pitched. 5 (sonido)
treble, high. 6 ling (palabra) oxytone;
(acento) acute. 7 mat (ngulo) acute.
agero nm omen, presage. l o c ser de
mal agero to be ill-omened. y ser p
jaro de mal agero fig to be bird of ill
omen.
aguijn nm 1 zool sting. 2 bot thorn,
prickle. 3 fig (estmulo) sting, spur.
guila nf eagle.
aguilucho nm (cra del guila) eaglet.
aguinaldo nm Christmas bonus/box.
aguja nf 1 needle; (de tricotar) knitting
needle. 2 (de reloj) hand; (de tocadiscos)
stylus. 3 (de arma) firing pin. 4 (de tren)
point, us switch.
agujerear vt to make holes in.
12
agujero nm 1 hole. 2 fig (falta de dinero)
shortfall: encontraron un agujero de va
rios millones de euros they found that sev-
eral million euros were missing. c o m p
agujero negro black hole.
agujetas nf pl stiffness sing: tener aguje
tas to be stiff.
ah interj 1 (caer en la cuenta) ah!, oh! 2 (sor-
presa, admiracin) oh!
ah adv there, in that place. l o c de ah
que hence, therefore. y por ah 1 (lu-
gar) round there. 2 (aproximadamente)
more or less.
ahijado,a nm & nf 1 godchild; (chico)
godson; (chica) goddaughter. 2 (adop-
tivo) adopted child.
ahnco nm eagerness.
ahogado,a pp ahogar.
P adj 1 drowned. 2 (asfixiado) asphyx-
iated, suffocated.
P nm & nf drowned person.
ahogar vt 1 (asfixiar) to choke, suffo-
cate. 2 (en el agua) to drown. 3 (motor)
to flood.
P vpr ahogarse 1 to be drowned,
drown: se cay al ro y se ahog he fell in-
to the river and drowned. 2 (sofocarse) to
choke, suffocate. 3 (motor) to flood.
l o c ahogarse en un vaso de agua fig to
make a mountain out of a molehill.
ahora adv 1 (en este momento) now: ahora
no tengo tiempo I havent got time now.
2 (hace un momento) just a moment
ago: lo acabo de ver ahora Ive just seen it.
3 (dentro de un momento) in a minute,
shortly: ahora te lo preparo Ill get it
ready for you in a minute. l o c de ahora
en adelante from now on. y hasta
ahora until now, so far. y por ahora
for the time being.
ahorcar vt to hang.
P vpr ahorcarse to hang oneself.
ahorrador,ra adj thrifty.
P nm & nf thrifty person.
ahorrar vt to save.
P vpr ahorrarse to save os: te ahorrars
problemas si lo haces como yo te digo youll
save yourself problems if you do it the
way I say.
 13
ahorro nm saving: me supone un ahorro
de 60 euros al mes it represents a saving
of 60 euros a month.
P nm pl ahorros savings.
ahumado,a pp ahumar.
P adj smoked; (bacon) smoky.
ahumar vt to smoke.
ahuyentar vt 1 to drive away, scare
away. 2 fig to dismiss.
airbag nm airbag.
aire nm 1 air. 2 (viento) wind; (corriente)
draught. 3 fig (aspecto) air, appearance:
tiene un aire cansado she looks tired. 4 fig
(parecido) resemblance, likeness: tienen
un aire de familia theres a family likeness
to them. 5 fig (estilo) style, manner,
way: lo hizo a su aire he did it his way.
6 ms air, melody. l o c al aire libre in
the open air, outdoors. y tomar el aire
to take the air, get some fresh air.
c o m p aire acondicionado air condition-
ing. y aire puro clean air.
airear vt 1 (ventilar) to air. 2 fig (un asun-
to) to publicize.
P vpr airearse to get some fresh air.
airoso,a l o c salir airoso,a to do
well, be successful: sali airoso de la en
trevista he did well in the interview.
aislado,a pp aislar.
P adj 1 (suelto) isolated. 2 tc insulated.
aislante adj insulating.
P nm insulator.
aislar vt 1 (dejar separado) to isolate. 2
tc to insulate.
a. J.C. abrev a. de J.C.
ajedrez nm 1 (juego) chess. 2 (tablero y
piezas) chess set.
ajeno,a adj 1 (de otro) anothers, be-
longing to other people. 2 (extrao)
not involved.
ajetreo nm activity, bustle.
ajo nm garlic. l o c estar en el ajo fam fig
to be involved, be in the thick of it.
c o m p ajo tierno young garlic.
ajustado,a pp ajustar.
P adj 1 (precio) very low, rock-bottom;
(presupuesto) tight. 2 (apretado) tight-
fitting, tight.
albans
ajustar vt 1 (adaptar) to adjust, regu-
late. 2 (apretar) to tighten. 3 (encajar) A
to fit, fit tight.
ajuste nm 1 (unin) adjustment, fitting.
2 tc assembly. 3 com settlement,
fixing. c o m p ajuste de cuentas fig set-
tling of scores.
al contr a. l o c al + inf on + ger: me lo
encontr al salir de casa I met him when I
was leaving, I met him on leaving.
ala nf 1 wing. 2 dep winger.
P nf pl alas (atrevimiento) daring sing .
c o m p ala delta 1 (aparato) hang glider.
2 (deporte) hang gliding.
alabanza nf praise.
alabar vt (elogiar) to praise.
alabastro nm alabaster.
alacena nf cupboard.
alacrn nm scorpion.
alambique nm still.
alambre nm wire.
alameda nf 1 poplar grove. 2 (paseo)
avenue, promenade, boulevard.
lamo nm poplar.
alano,a adj mastiff, wolfhound.
alarde nm display, bragging, boast-
ing. l o c hacer alarde de to flaunt,
show off, parade.
alardear vi to boast, brag, show off.
alargador nm extension lead.
alargar vt 1 to lengthen. 2 (estirar) to
stretch. 3 (prolongar) to prolong. 4
(dar) to hand, pass.
alarido nm screech, yell, shriek.
alarma nf alarm. l o c dar la alarma to
give the alarm, raise the alarm.
alarmante adj alarming.
alarmar vt to alarm.
P vpr alarmarse to be alarmed, alarm os.
alarmista nm o nf alarmist.
alazn,ana adj light chestnut, sorrel.
alba nf dawn, daybreak.
albacea nm o nf jur (hombre) executor;
(mujer) executrix.
albahaca nf basil.
albans,esa adj Albanian.
P nm & nf (persona) Albanian.
P nm albans (idioma) Albanian.
Albania
Albania nf Albania.
albail nm (de ladrillos) bricklayer; (en
general) building worker.
albarn nm delivery note, despatch
note.
albaricoque nm 1 (fruta) apricot. 2 (r-
bol) apricot tree.
alberca nf reservoir.
albergar vt 1 (alojar) to lodge, house,
accommodate. 2 fig (sentimientos) to
cherish, harbour (us harbor).
albergue nm 1 (hostal) hostel. 2 (refugio)
shelter, refuge. c o m p albergue juvenil
youth hostel.
albino,a adj albino.
P nm & nf albino.
albndiga nf meatball.
albornoz nm bathrobe.
alborotador,ra nm & nf troublemak-
er, agitator.
alborotar vt 1 (agitar) to agitate, ex-
cite. 2 (desordenar) to make untidy,
turn upside down. 3 (sublevar) to in-
cite to rebel.
P vi to make a racket.
alboroto nm 1 (gritera) din, racket,
row. 2 (desorden) uproar, commotion,
disturbance.
albufera nf lagoon.
lbum nm album.
albmina nf albumin.
alcachofa nf 1 (planta) artichoke. 2
(pieza) rose, sprinkler.
alcalde nm mayor.
alcaldesa nf 1 (cargo) lady mayor,
mayoress. 2 (mujer del alcalde) mayoress.
alcalda nf 1 (cargo) mayorship. 2 (ofici-
na) mayors office, mayoralty.
alcalino,a adj alkaline.
alcaloide nm alkaloid.
alcance nm 1 reach, grasp: est al alcan
ce de todo el mundo its within everyones
reach. 2 (de arma) range. 3 (trascendencia)
scope, importance. 4 (inteligencia) in-
telligence: persona de pocos alcances per-
son of low intelligence.
alcanfor nm camphor.
alcantarilla nf 1 (conducto) sewer. 2 (bo-
ca) drain.
14
alcantarillado nm sewer system.
alcanzar vt 1 (gen) to reach. 2 (persona)
to catch up, catch up with. 3 (pasar)
to pass, hand over: alcnzame el agua
pass me some water. 4 (conseguir) to at-
tain, achieve: alcanzamos los objetivos
we achieved the goals.
P vi 1 (ser suficiente) to be sufficient (pa-
ra, for), be enough (para, for): eso no
alcanza para todos thats not enough for
all of us. 2 (ser capaz) to manage, suc-
ceed: no alcanzo a verlo I cant see it.
alcaparra nf 1 (fruto) caper. 2 (planta)
caper bush.
alcayata nf hook.
alczar nm 1 (fortaleza) fortress, cita-
del. 2 (palacio) palace, castle.
alce nm elk, moose.
alcoba nf bedroom.
alcohol nm 1 (sustancia) alcohol. 2 (bebi-
da) alcohol, spirits pl.
alcoholemia nf alcohol: tasa/nivel de
alcoholemia blood alcohol level.
alcohlico,a adj alcoholic.
P nm & nf alcoholic.
alcoholmetro nm breathalyzer.
alcoholismo nm alcoholism.
alcornoque nm 1 bot cork oak. 2 fig
blockhead, idiot, dimwit.
aldaba nf 1 (llamador) door knocker. 2
(barra) bar. 3 (pestillo) bolt.
aldea nf hamlet, small village.
aldeano,a nm & nf villager.
aldehdo nm aldehyde.
aleacin nf alloy.
aleatorio,a adj random, chance.
alegar vt to allege, plead, claim.
alegora nf allegory.
alegrico,a adj allegorical, allegoric.
alegrar vt 1 (causar alegra) to make
happy, make glad, cheer up. 2 fig
(avivar) to brighten (up), enliven. 3
fam (achispar) to make tipsy.
P vpr alegrarse 1 to be pleased, be
glad. 2 fam (achisparse) to get tipsy.
alegre adj 1 (contento) happy, glad. 2
(color) bright. 3 (msica) lively. 4 (espa-
cio) cheerful, pleasant. 5 fam (achispa-
do) tipsy.
 15
alegra nf happiness, joy.
alejar vt to remove, move away.
P vpralejarse to go/move away.
alemn,ana adj German.
P nm & nf (persona) German.
P nm alemn (idioma) German.
Alemania nf Germany.
alentar vt 1 (animar) to encourage. 2 (te-
ner) to harbour (us harbor), cherish.
alrgeno nm allergen.
alergia nf allergy.
alrgico,a adj allergic (a, to).
alero nm 1 arquit eaves pl. 2 dep for-
ward.
alerta adv (vigilante) on the alert.
P nf (atencin) alert.
P interjlook/watch out!
alertar vt to alert (de, to).
aleta nf 1 (de pez) fin; (de mamfero, de na-
dador) flipper. 2 (de nariz) wing, ala. 3
(de avin) aileron; (de coche) wing.
aletear vi 1 (ave) to flutter, flap its
wings. 2 (pez) to move its fins.
alfabetizar vt 1 (ensear) to teach to
read and write. 2 (ordenar) to alpha-
betize, put in alphabetic order.
alfabeto nm 1 (abecedario) alphabet. 2
(cdigo) code. c o m p alfabeto Morse
Morse code.
alfalfa nf alfalfa, lucerne.
alfarera nf 1 (arte) pottery. 2 (taller)
potters workshop.
alfizar nm sill, windowsill.
alfrez nm second lieutenant.
alfil nm bishop.
alfiler nm 1 (costura) pin. 2 (joya) brooch,
pin. 3 (del pelo) clip. 4 (de corbata) tiepin.
alfombra nf 1 carpet, rug. 2 (de bao)
bath mat.
alfombrilla nf 1 rug, mat. 2 (de ordena-
dor) mousemat, mousepad.
alforja nf saddlebag.
alga nf alga; (marina) seaweed.
algarroba nf 1 (fruto) carob bean. 2
(planta) vetch.
algarrobo nm carob tree.
lgebra nf algebra.
aliento
algo pron (afirmacin) something; (nega-
cin, interrogacin) anything: vamos a to A
mar algo lets have something to drink;
quieres algo? do you want anything?
l o c algo es algo something is better
than nothing.
adv (un poco) a bit, a little, some-
P
what: te queda algo grande its a bit too
big for you.
algodn nm cotton. c o m p algodn dulce/
de azcar candyfloss, (us cotton can-
dy). y algodn hidrfilo cotton wool.
algoritmo nm algorithm.
alguacil nm bailiff.
alguien pron (afirmativo) somebody,
someone; (interrogativo, negativo) any-
body, anyone: preguntemos a alguien
lets ask someone; hay alguien? is any-
one there?
algn adj alguno,a.
alguno,a adj (afirmativo) some; (interro-
gativo, negativo) any: alguna noche voy al ci
ne some nights I go to the cinema; ha
habido alguna llamada? has anyone
phoned?, have there been any phone
calls?; el ministro no facilit dato alguno the
minister didnt provide any information.
P pron (afirmativo) someone, some-
body; (interrogativo, negativo) anybody:
que venga alguno que sepa francs get
someone who speaks French. l o c algu
no que otro some, a few.
alhaja nf 1 jewel, gem. 2 fig (cosa, per-
sona) gem, treasure.
aliado,a pp aliar.
P adj allied.
P nm& nf ally.
alianza nf 1 (pacto) alliance. 2 (anillo)
wedding ring.
aliar vt to ally.
P vpr aliarse to become allies, form
an alliance (con, with).
alias adv alias.
P nm inv alias.
alicates nm pl pliers.
aliciente nm incentive, inducement.
aliengena nm o nf alien.
aliento nm 1 (respiracin) breath,
breathing. 2 fig (nimo) spirit, cour-
age. l o c quedarse sin aliento 1 (respi-
 alijo
rando mal) to be breathless, be out of
breath. 2 (sorprendido) to gasp.
alijo nm consignment: un alijo de armas a
consignment of smuggled arms, an arms
cache.
alimaa nf pest.
alimentacin nf 1 (accin) feeding. 2 (ali-
mento) food; (dieta) diet. 3 tc feed. c o m p
bomba de alimentacin feed pump.
alimentar vt 1 (dar alimento) to feed. 2
(mantener) to keep, support. 3 (uso tc-
nico) to feed.
P vpr alimentarse to live (de/con, on).
alimento nm 1 (comida) food. 2 (valor
nutritivo) nutritional value, nourish-
ment.
alineacin nf 1 (colocacin) alignment,
lining up. 2 (equipo) line-up.
alinear vt 1 (poner en lnea) to align, line
up. 2 dep to pick, select.
aliar vt (gen) to season, flavour (us
flavor); (ensalada) to dress.
alio nm (gen) seasoning; (para ensalada)
dressing.
alisar vt to smooth.
alistarse vpr to enlist, join up, enrol
(us enroll).
aliviar vt 1 fig (enfermedad, dolor) to re-
lieve, ease, alleviate, soothe. 2 (con-
solar) to comfort, console.
alivio nm 1 (mejora) relief: qu alivio!
what a relief! 2 (consuelo) comfort, con-
solation.
aljibe nm cistern, tank.
all adv 1 (lugar) there, over there: ms
all further (on); all va tu madre there
goes your mother. 2 (tiempo) back: all
por los aos sesenta back in the sixties.
allanamiento c o m p allanamiento de mo
rada 1 unlawful entry. 2 (robo) house-
breaking, breaking and entering.
allanar vt 1 (aplanar) to level, flatten. 2
(dificultad, etc) to smooth out, solve,
resolve.
allegado,a adj close, related.
P nm & nf (familia) relative; (amigo)
close friend.
all adv 1 (lugar) there, over there: all
abajo/arriba down/up there; por all over
16
there, round there. 2 (tiempo) then, at
that moment.
alma nf soul. l o c no haba ni una alma
there wasnt a soul, there was no-
body there. y no poder algn con su al
ma to be absolutely exhausted.
almacn nm 1 (local) warehouse,
storehouse. 2 (habitacin) storeroom.
P nm pl almacenes department store
sing. c o m p grandes almacenes depart-
ment store sing.
almacenar vt 1 to store, warehouse.
2 (acumular) to store up, keep.
almeja nf clam.
almena nf merlon.
P nf pl almenas battlements.
almendra nf almond.
almendro nm almond tree.
almbar nm syrup.
almidn nm starch.
almirante nm admiral.
almizcle nm musk.
almohada nf pillow. l o c consultar algo
con la almohada fam to sleep on sth.
almohadilla nf 1 (gen) small cushion. 2
cost (para coser) sewing cushion; (para
alfileres) pincushion. 3 (de teclado) num-
ber sign, pound. 4 (de animal) pad. 5
arquit (de capitel) volute cushion.
almohadn nm cushion, large pillow.
almorrana nf fam pile.
almorzar vi (al medioda) to have lunch;
(de desayuno) to have breakfast; (a me-
dia maana) to have elevenses, have a
mid-morning snack.
P vt (al medioda) to have for lunch; (de
desayuno) to have for breakfast; (a me-
dia maana) to have for elevenses,
have for a mid-morning snack.
almuerzo nm 1 (a medioda) lunch. 2 (a
media maana) mid-morning snack,
elevenses pl. 3 (desayuno) breakfast.
alojamiento nm lodging, accommo-
dation.
alojar vt 1 (hospedar) to lodge, put up,
accommodate; (dar vivienda a) to
house. 2 (meter) to put, place.
P vpr alojarse (persona) to stay; (bala,
etc) to be lodged.

alondra nf lark.
alopecia nf alopecia.
alpaca1 nf (animal, tela) alpaca.
alpaca2 nf (metal) nickel silver, German
silver, alpaca.
alpargata nf rope-soled sandal, es-
padrille.
Alpes nm pl los Alpes the Alps.
alpinismo nm mountaineering,
mountain climbing.
alpinista nm o nf mountaineer, moun-
tain climber.
alpiste nm birdseed, canary grass.
alquilar vt 1 (dar en alquiler - perodo largo)
to rent, rent out, let; (- perodo corto) to
hire out. 2 (recibir en alquiler - perodo lar-
go) to rent; (- perodo corto) to hire. l o c
Se alquila To let.
alquiler nm 1 (accin - de casa) renting,
letting; (- de coche) hire. 2 (cuota - de ca-
sa) rent; (- de TV, etc) rental. l o c En al
quiler To let, us For rent.
alquimia nf alchemy.
alquitrn nm tar.
alrededor adv 1 (lugar) round, around:
mira alrededor look around. 2 alrededor
de (tiempo) around: alrededor de las cuatro
around four oclock. 3 (aproximadamente)
about: alrededor de veinte about twenty.
P nm pl alrededores surrounding area
sing: en los alrededores de Sevilla in the vi-
cinity of Seville, just outside Seville.
alta nf 1 (de un enfermo) discharge: dieron
de/el alta al enfermo the patient was dis-
charged from hospital. 2 (de un empleado)
registration with Social Security. 3 (entra-
da, admisin) admission; (ingreso) mem-
bership.
altar nm altar.
altavoz nm loudspeaker.
alteracin nf 1 (cambio) alteration,
change. 2 (excitacin) agitation, un-
easiness, restlessness. c o m p altera
cin del orden pblico breach of the
peace, disturbance of the peace.
alterar vt 1 (cambiar) to change, modi-
fy, alter. 2 (enfadar) to annoy, upset.
P vpr alterarse 1 (cambiar) to change. 2 (en-
fadarse) to lose ones temper, get upset.
17 alucinado
altercado nm argument, quarrel.
alternar vt (gen) to alternate. A
P vi 1 (turnar) to alternate. 2 (relacionar-
se) to meet people, socialize ( con,
with), mix (con, with). 3 (en salas de
fiesta, bar) to entertain.
alternativa nf alternative, option, choice.
alternativo,a adj alternative.
alterno,a adj alternate, alternating:
das alternos alternate days.
Alteza nf Highness. l o c Su Alteza Real
1 (hombre) His Royal Highness. 2 (mu-
jer) Her Royal Highness.
altibajos nm pl ups and downs.
altiplano nm high plateau.
altitud nf height, altitude.
alto1 nm (parada) stop: hicieron un alto pa
ra comer they stopped for lunch.
P interj halt!; (polica) stop!
alto,a2 adj 1 (persona, edificio, rbol) tall. 2
(montaa, pared, techo, precio) high. 3 (eleva-
do) top, upper: viven en los pisos altos they
live on the upper floors. 4 (voz, sonido)
loud: lo dijo en voz alta she said it aloud.
l o c a altas horas de la noche late at
night. c o m p alta cocina haute cuisine.
y alta sociedad high society.
P adv alto 1 high (up). 2 (voz) loud,
loudly. l o c pasar por alto to pass over.
P nm 1 (altura) height: solo hace dos me
tros de alto its only two metres high. 2
(elevacin) hill, high ground. l o c en lo
alto de on the top of. y por todo lo al
to fig in a grand way.
altramuz nm lupin.
altruismo nm altruism.
altura nf 1 (gen) height: el edificio tiene una
altura de 80 metros the building is 80 metres
high. 2 (altitud) altitude. 3 (nivel) level,
par; (punto) point: a qu altura de la calle
vives? how far up the street do you live?
l o c estar a la altura de to measure up
to, match up to, be on a par with. y a
estas alturas by now, at this stage.
alubia nf bean.
alucinacin nf hallucination.
alucinado,a pp alucinar.
P adj argot amazed, stunned, gob-
smacked.
 alucinante
alucinante adj 1 hallucinatory. 2 argot
(extraordinario) brilliant, fantastic,
amazing, incredible, mind-blowing.
alucinar vt 1 (producir sensaciones) to hal-
lucinate. 2 fig (cautivar) to fascinate,
amaze, astound, flip out, stun.
P vi argot to be amazed, be gob-
smacked: alucinas! youre out of your
mind!, youre crazy!
alud nm avalanche.
aludido,a pp aludir.
P adj above-mentioned, in question.
loc darse por aludido,a to take the
hint.
aludir vi to allude (a, to), mention (a, -),
refer (a, to).
alumbrado,a nm lighting, lights pl;
(coche) lights pl.
alumbramiento nm afterbirth.
alumbrar vt 1 (iluminar) to light, give
light to, illuminate. 2 fig (ensear) to
enlighten.
P vi 1 (iluminar) to give light. 2 (parir) to
give birth to.
aluminio nm aluminium, us aluminum.
alumnado nm (de colegio) pupils pl; (de
universidad) student body.
alumno,a nm & nf (de colegio) pupil; (de
universidad) student. c o m p alumno ex
terno day pupil. y alumno interno
boarder. y antiguo alumno 1 (de colegio)
old boy, former pupil. 2 (de universi-
dad) old student, former student.
alunizar vi to land on the moon.
alusin nf allusion, reference.
aluvin nm 1 alluvion: tierra de aluvin
alluvium, alluvial soil. 2 fig flood: un
aluvin de insultos a barrage of insults.
alveolar adj alveolar.
alveolo nm 1 anat alveolus. 2 (de pa-
nal) cell.
alza nf (aumento) rise, increase. l o c al alza
/ en alza rising.
alzamiento nm 1 (aumento) raising, lift-
ing. 2 (rebelin) uprising, insurrection.
alzar vt 1 (levantar) to raise, lift. 2 (cons-
truir) to build, erect. 3 (un plano) to
draw up, make out. l o c alzar el vuelo
to take off.
18
P vpr alzarse 1 (levantarse) to rise up,
get up. 2 (sublevarse) to rise, rebel.
a.m. abrev (ante meridiem) ante me-
ridiem; (abreviatura) a.m.
ama nf (propietaria) landlady. c o m p ama
de casa housewife.
amabilidad nf kindness, affability.
amable adj kind, nice: sera usted tan ama
ble de? would you be so kind as to?
amaestrar vt (adiestrar) to train; (domar)
to tame.
amainar vi (viento) to die down, drop.
amamantar vt to breast-feed, suckle.
amanecer vi 1 to dawn, get light: en
verano amanece pronto day breaks early
in summer. 2 (estar) to be at dawn, be
at daybreak: amanecimos en Barcelona
we were in Barcelona at dawn.
P nm dawn, daybreak. l o c al amane
cer at daybreak.
amanerado,a adj affected, man-
nered.
amante adj loving, fond (de, of).
P nm o nf lover.
amaar vt (falsear) to fiddle, fix; (cuen-
tas) to cook; (elecciones) to rig.
amapola nf poppy.
amar vt to love.
P vpr amarse to love each other, be
in love (with each other).
amarar vi (hidroavin) to land at sea;
(nave espacial) to splash down.
amargado,a pp amargar.
P adj embittered, resentful: estar
amargado,a to feel very bitter.
P nm & nf bitter person.
amargar vi (tener sabor amargo) to taste
bitter.
P vt 1 (hacer amargo) to make bitter. 2
fig (disgustos, etc) to embitter, make
bitter. 3 fig (estropear) to spoil, ruin: la
lluvia nos amarg el da the rain put a
damper on our day.
P vpr amargarse fig to become embit-
tered, become bitter. l o c a nadie le
amarga un dulce a gift is always wel-
come.
 19
amargo,a adj 1 (sabor) bitter. 2 fig (ca-
rcter) sour; (experiencia) bitter, sour,
painful.
amargura nf 1 bitterness. 2 (dolor) sor-
row, grief, sadness.
amarillo,a adj yellow.
P nm amarillo yellow. c o m p prensa
amarilla sensationalist press.
amarra nf mooring rope.
P nf pl amarras fam fig connections.
l o c soltar las amarras 1 mar to cast
off, let go. 2 fig to break loose.
amarrar vt 1 (atar) to tie (up), fasten. 2
mar to moor, tie up.
amarre nm mooring.
amasar vt 1 culin to knead. 2 fig (reunir)
to amass.
amasijo nm fam (mezcolanza) hotch-
potch, jumble.
amateur adj amateur.
P nm o nf amateur.
amatista nf amethyst.
amazona nf 1 (mitologa) Amazon. 2 (ji-
nete) horsewoman.
Amazonas nm el Amazonas the Ama-
zon.
amaznico,a adj Amazonian.
mbar nm amber.
ambicin nf ambition, aspiration.
ambicioso,a adj (plan, etc) ambitious;
(persona) ambitious, enterprising.
ambidextro,a adj ambidextrous.
P nm & nf ambidextrous person.
ambientacin nf 1 (ambiente) atmos-
phere. 2 (localizacin) setting.
ambientador nm air freshener.
ambiental adj 1 (del ambiente) environ-
mental. 2 (de fondo) background.
ambientar vt 1 (dar ambiente) to give
atmosphere to. 2 (localizar) to set.
P vpr ambientarse to adapt, get used
(a, to).
ambiente nm 1 (aire) air, atmosphere.
2 (entorno) environment, atmosphere:
no hay mucho ambiente de noche there is
not much going on at night. l o c cam
biar de ambiente to have a change of
scene.
ambigedad nf ambiguity.
amigo
ambiguo,a adj ambiguous.
mbito nm 1 (espacio) sphere, space. 2 A
(marco) field: en el mbito de la informti
ca in the computer science field.
ambivalente adj ambivalent.
ambos,as adj both: por ambos lados on
both sides.
P pron both: me gustan ambos I like both
of them, I like them both.
ambulancia nf ambulance.
ambulante adj itinerant, travelling.
ambulatorio,a adj ambulatory.
P n ambulatorio surgery, clinic.
ameba nf amoeba (us ameba).
amedrentar vt to frighten, scare.
P vpr amedrentarse (asustarse) to be
frightened, be scared; (acobardarse) to
become intimidated.
amn nm rel amen. l o c decir amn a
todo/todos fam to agree with every-
thing/everybody.
amenaza nf threat, menace.
amenazar vt & vi to threaten.
amenizar vt to liven up, make enter-
taining, make enjoyable.
ameno,a adj lively, entertaining, en-
joyable.
Amrica nf America. c o m p Amrica Cen
tral Central America. y Amrica del
Norte North America. y Amrica del Sur
South America. y Amrica Latina Latin
America.
americana nf jacket.
americano,a adj American.
P nm & nf American.
amerizar vi amarar.
ametralladora nf machine gun.
ametrallar vt 1 to machine-gun. 2 fig
(acosar) to chase, pursue, besiege.
amianto nm asbestos.
amgdala nf tonsil.
amigdalitis nf inv tonsillitis.
amigo,a adj 1 (amigable) friendly: es muy
amigo de Julio hes very friendly with Julio.
2 (aficionado) fond (de, of): no es muy ami
ga de discotecas shes not keen on discos.
P nm & nf 1 friend: una amiga ma a
friend of mine; son amigos ntimos they
amigote
are close friends. 2 (novio) boyfriend;
(novia) girlfriend. 3 (amante) lover.
amigote nm fam pal, mate, chum.
amiguismo nm contacts pl, string-
pulling.
aminocido nm amino acid.
aminorar vt to reduce, decrease. l o c
aminorar el paso to slow down.
amistad nf friendship.
P nf pl amistades friends. l o c hacer
amistades to make friends.
amistoso,a adj friendly: partido amis
toso friendly match.
amnesia nf amnesia.
amnitico,a adj amniotic.
amnista nf amnesty.
amo nm 1 (seor) master. 2 (dueo)
owner. 3 (jefe) boss.
amoldarse vpr to adapt, adjust (a, to).
amonestacin nf 1 (reprensin) repri-
mand, admonition, admonish-
ment. 2 dep caution, booking.
amonestar vt 1 (reprender) to repri-
mand, admonish. 2 dep to caution,
book.
amonaco nm ammonia.
amontonar vt 1 to heap up, pile up. 2
(juntar) to collect, gather, accumulate.
P vpr amontonarse 1 to heap up, pile
up. 2 (gente) to crowd together.
amor nm 1 (gen) love. 2 (cuidado) loving
care; (devocin) devotion. l o c con/de
mil amores fam willingly, with
pleasure. y hacer el amor to make
love. c o m p amor propio self-esteem.
amoral adj amoral.
amoratado,a adj 1 (de fro) blue with
cold. 2 (de un golpe) bruised, black
and blue.
amordazar vt (persona) to gag; (perro) to
muzzle.
amorfo,a adj amorphous.
amoroso,a adj loving, affectionate.
amortiguador nm 1 auto shock ab-
sorber. 2 tc damper.
amortiguar vt (golpe) to cushion; (do-
lor) to alleviate, ease, soothe; (ruido)
to muffle; (luz) to subdue, dim.
20
amotinarse vpr 1 to rebel, rise up, riot.
2 mil to mutiny.
amparar vt to protect, shelter.
P vpr ampararse 1 (protegerse) to take
shelter, protect os . 2 (acogerse) to
avail os of the protection (en, of),
seek protection (en, in).
amparo nm protection, shelter.
amperio nm ampere.
ampliacin nf 1 enlargement, exten-
sion. 2 arquit extension. 3 (fotografa)
enlargement.
ampliar vt 1 to enlarge, extend. 2
arquit to build an extension onto. 3
(fotografa) to enlarge. 4 (capital) to in-
crease. 5 (estudios) to further. 6 (tema,
idea) to develop, expand on.
amplificacin nf amplification.
amplio,a adj 1 (extenso) large. 2 (espa-
cioso) roomy, spacious. 3 (ancho)
wide, broad. 4 (holgado) loose.
amplitud nf 1 (extensin) extent, range.
2 (espacio) room, space, spaciousness.
3 (anchura) width. 4 (holgadura) loose-
ness. 5 fs amplitude.
ampolla nf 1 med blister. 2 (burbuja)
bubble. 3 (tubito) ampoule, phial.
amputar vt to amputate.
amueblar vt to furnish. l o c sin amue
blar unfurnished.
amuleto nm amulet, charm.
amurallar vt to wall.
anabolizante adj anabolic.
anaconda nf anaconda.
anacoreta nm o nf anchorite.
anacronismo nm anachronism.
anaerobio,a adj anaerobic.
anagrama nm anagram.
anal adj anal.
analfabetismo nm illiteracy.
analfabeto,a adj 1 illiterate. 2 fig
stupid.
P nm & nf 1 illiterate person. 2 fig stu-
pid person, ignoramus.
analgsico,a adj analgesic.
P nm analgsico analgesic, painkiller.
anlisis nm inv analysis. c o m p anlisis
de orina urine test. y anlisis de san
gre blood test.
 21
analizar vt to analyse (us analyze).
analoga nf analogy.
analgico,a adj analogical.
anlogo,a adj analogous, similar.
anaquel nm shelf.
anarqua nf anarchy.
anrquico,a adj anarchic, anarchical.
anarquista adj anarchist.
P nm o nf anarchist.
anatoma nf anatomy.
anca nf haunch. c o m p ancas de rana
frogs legs.
ancestral adj ancestral, ancient.
ancho,a adj 1 (gen) broad, wide. 2
(prenda - holgada) loose-fitting; (- gran-
de) too big.
P nm ancho 1 (anchura) breadth, width:
qu ancho tiene? how wide is it?; tiene
cuatro metros de ancho its four metres
wide. 2 (en costura) width. l o c a sus an
chas fam comfortable, at ease. y estar
ms ancho,a que largo,a to be full of
os. y quedarse tan ancho,a fam to be-
have as if nothing had happened,
not bat an eyelid.
anchoa nf anchovy.
anchura nf breadth, width.
anciano,a adj very old, elderly, aged.
P nm & nf old person, elderly person.
ancla nf anchor.
anclar vi mar to anchor.
P vt tc to anchor.
andadas l o c volver a las andadas to go
back to ones old tricks.
Andaluca nf Andalusia.
andaluz,za adj Andalusian.
P nm & nf (persona) Andalusian.
P nm andaluz (dialecto) Andalusian.
andamio nm scaffold.
andanada nf mar broadside.
andante comp caballero andante
knight errant.
andanzas nf pl adventures.
andar vi 1 (moverse) to walk. 2 (funcionar)
to work, run, go: este reloj no anda this
watch doesnt work. 3 (estar) to be: c
mo andas? how are you?, hows it going?
4 (juntarse) to mix (con, with). l o c an
dar a gatas to crawl. y andar de punti
ngstrom
llas to tiptoe. y andar con rodeos to
beat about the bush. y andar con cui A
dado / andarse con cuidado to be care-
ful. y andarse por las ramas fig to beat
about the bush.
P interj anda! well!, oh!: anda ya!
come off it!.
andn nm platform.
Andes nm pl los Andes the Andes.
andino,a adj Andean.
P nm & nf Andean.
Andorra nm Andorra.
andorrano,a adj Andorran.
P nm & nf Andorran.
androide nm android.
ancdota nf anecdote.
anlido nm annelid.
anemia nf anaemia (us anemia).
anemona nf anemone. c o m p anemona
de mar sea anemone.
anestesia nf anaesthesia (us anesthe-
sia).
anestsico,a adj anaesthetic (us an-
esthetic).
P nm anestsico anaesthetic (us anes-
thetic).
anexin nf annexation.
anexo,a adj adjoining, attached (a, to).
P nm anexo annexe (us annex).
anfetamina nf amphetamine.
anfibio,a adj amphibious.
P nm anfibio amphibian.
P nm pl los anfibios amphibia pl.
anfiteatro nm 1 amphitheatre (us am-
phitheater). 2 (en universidad) lecture
theatre (us theater). 3 (en teatro, cine)
circle.
anfitrin,ona nm & nf (hombre) host;
(mujer) hostess.
ngel nm angel.
angina nf angina. l o c tener anginas to
have a sore throat. c o m p angina de pe
cho angina pectoris.
anglosajn,ona adj Anglo-Saxon.
P nm & nf (persona) Anglo-Saxon.
P nm anglosajn (idioma) Anglo-Saxon.
Angola nf Angola.
angosto,a adj narrow.
ngstrom nm angstrom.
anguila
anguila nf eel.
angula nf elver.
ngulo nm 1 angle. 2 (rincn) corner.
comp ngulo recto right angle.
angustia nf anguish, distress.
angustiar vt 1 (afligir) to distress, upset.
2 (preocupar) to worry, make anxious.
angustioso,a adj (situacin) distress-
ing, worrying; (mirada) anguished.
anhelar vt to long for, yearn for.
anhelo nm longing, yearning.
anhdrido nm anhydride.
anilla nf (aro) ring.
P nf pl anillas dep rings.
anillo nm 1 ring. 2 arquit annulet. 3 (de
gusano) annulus; (de culebra) coil. l o c
venir como anillo al dedo to be just
what sb needed, suit sb fine.
animacin nf 1 (actividad) activity,
movement, bustle. 2 (viveza) liveli-
ness. 3 cine animation.
animado,a pp animar.
P adj 1 (movido) animated, lively, jolly.
2 (concurrido) bustling, full of people.
3 (alegre) cheerful, in high spirits, ex-
cited.
animador,ra nm & nf 1 (artista) enter-
tainer. 2 (de un equipo) cheerleader.
animadversin nf antagonism, hos-
tility, ill will, animosity.
animal adj animal.
P nm 1 animal. 2 fig (basto) rough per-
son, brute, lout; (necio) dunce. c o m p
animal domstico pet. y reino animal
animal kingdom.
animar vt 1 (alegrar a algn) to cheer up.
2 (alegrar algo) to brighten up, liven
up. 3 (alentar) to encourage.
P vpr animarse 1 (persona) to cheer up.
2 (fiesta, etc) to brighten up, liven up.
3 (decidirse) to make up ones mind.
nimo nm 1 (espritu) spirit; (mente)
mind; (alma) soul. 2 (intencin) inten-
tion, purpose: sin nimo de ofender no
offence intended. 3 (valor) courage:
no tengo nimos de nada I dont feel up to
anything. 4 (aliento) encouragement.
P interj cheer up!
anin nm anion.
22
aniquilar vt to annihilate, destroy.
ans nm 1 (planta) anise; (grano) aniseed.
2 (bebida) anisette.
aniversario nm anniversary.
ano nm anus.
anoche adv (late) last night; (early) yes-
terday evening.
anochecer vi 1 to get dark: cuando ano
checi when it got dark. 2 to be at
nightfall, reach at nightfall.
P nm nightfall, dusk, evening. l o c al
anochecer at nightfall, at dusk.
nodo nm anode.
anofeles nm inv anopheles.
anomala nf anomaly.
anmalo,a adj anomalous.
anonimato nm anonymity.
annimo,a adj 1 (desconocido) anony-
mous. 2 (sociedad) limited, us incor-
porated.
P nm annimo (carta) anonymous letter.
anorak nm anorak.
anorexia nf anorexia.
anormal adj 1 (no normal) abnormal. 2
(inhabitual) unusual. 3 med subnormal.
anotacin nf 1 (acotacin) annotation.
2 (nota) note. 3 (apunte) noting.
anotar vt 1 (acotar) to annotate, add
notes to. 2 (apuntar) to take down,
jot down, make a note of.
ansia nf 1 (ansiedad) anxiety; (angustia)
anguish. 2 (deseo) eagerness, longing,
yearning: tener ansia de poder to be
longing for power.
ansiar vt to long for, yearn for.
ansiedad nf 1 anxiety. 2 med nervous
tension.
ansioso,a adj 1 (desasosegado) an-
guished, anxious, desperate. 2 (deseo-
so) eager, longing (por/de, to).
antagnico,a adj antagonistic.
antao adv formerly, in olden times,
long ago.
antrtico,a adj Antarctic.
Antrtida nf Antarctica.
ante1 prep 1 before, in the presence
of. 2 (considerando) in the face of: ante
estas circunstancias under the circum-
 23
stances. l o c ante todo 1 (primero) first
of all. 2 (por encima de) above all.
ante2 nm 1 zool elk, moose. 2 (piel)
suede.
anteayer adv the day before yesterday.
antebrazo nm forearm.
antecedente nm 1 precedent. 2 gram
antecedent. 3 med history.
P nm pl antecedentes record sing.
antecesor,ra nm & nf 1 (en un cargo)
predecessor. 2 (antepasado) ancestor.
antelacin nf precedence: con cinco
das de antelacin five days beforehand.
l o c con antelacin in advance.
antemano l o c de antemano before-
hand, in advance.
antena nf 1 rad tv aerial, antenna. 2
anat antenna, feeler. l o c estar en an
tena to be on the air. c o m p antena pa
rablica satellite dish.
anteojos nm pl 1 (binculos) binoculars,
field glasses. 2 (gafas) glasses, specta-
cles.
antepasado nm ancestor.
P nm pl antepasados forefathers, for-
bears.
antepenltimo,a adj antepenulti-
mate.
anteponer vt 1 (poner delante) to place
in front (a, of), put in front (a, of);
(poner antes) to put before. 2 (preferir)
to prefer (a, to).
antera nf anther.
anterior adj 1 (tiempo) previous, pre-
ceding, before: el da anterior the day
before. 2 (lugar) front: la parte anterior
the front part.
P nm o nf the previous one.
anterioridad nf priority. l o c con ante
rioridad previously. y con anterioridad
a prior to, before.
antes adv 1 (tiempo) before, earlier: llma
me antes de salir ring me before you leave;
deberas estar all antes de las nueve you
should be there before nine. 2 (en el pasa-
do) before, in the past. 3 (lugar) in front,
before. l o c antes de nada first of all. y
lo antes posible as soon as possible.
P adj before.
antigedad
antesala nf anteroom, antechamber.
antiadherente adj nonstick. A
antiareo,a adj anti-aircraft.
antibalas adj bullet-proof.
antibitico,a adj antibiotic.
P nm antibitico antibiotic.
anticaspa adj anti-dandruff: champ
anticaspa dandruff shampoo.
anticicln nm anticyclone, high pres-
sure area.
anticipacin nf anticipation, advance.
loc con anticipacin in advance.
anticipado,a pp anticipar.
P adj brought forward; (temprano)
early: gracias anticipadas thanks in ad-
vance; pago anticipado payment in ad-
vance. l o c por anticipado in advance.
anticipar vt 1 to anticipate, advance,
bring forward. 2 (dinero) to advance.
P vpr anticiparse 1 (llegar antes) to
come early. 2 (adelantarse) to beat to
it: l se me anticip he beat me to it.
anticipo nm 1 (gen) foretaste, preview.
2 (pago) advance, advance payment.
anticlinal nm anticline.
anticonceptivo,a adj contraceptive.
P nm anticonceptivo contraceptive.
anticongelante adj antifreeze.
P nm anticongelante antifreeze.
anticorrosivo,a adj anticorrosive.
P nm anticorrosivo anticorrosive.
anticuado,a adj antiquated, old-
fashioned, obsolete, out-of-date.
anticuario nm (conocedor) antiquary, anti-
quarian; (comerciante) antique dealer.
anticuerpo nm antibody.
antidepresivo,a adj antidepressant.
P nm antidepresivo antidepressant.
antidisturbios adj riot. c o m p material
antidisturbios riot gear. y polica anti
disturbios riot police.
antidoping adj anti-doping, anti-drug.
antdoto nm antidote.
antifaz nm mask.
antgeno nm antigen.
antigedad nf 1 (perodo) antiquity. 2
(en empleo) seniority. 3 (objeto) antique.
l o c en la antigedad in olden days,
antiguo
in former times. c o m p tienda de anti
gedades antique shop.
antiguo,a adj 1 (gen) ancient, old; (co-
che) vintage, old. 2 (en empleo) senior. 3
(pasado) old-fashioned. 4 (anterior) for-
mer: el antiguo primer ministro the former
Prime Minister.
antihroe nm antihero.
antihistamnico nm antihistamine.
antiinflamatorio nm anti-inflamma-
tory.
antlope nm antelope.
antimonio nm antimony.
antiniebla adj inv anti-fog. c o m p faros
antiniebla foglamps. y luces antinie
bla foglamps.
antipata nf antipathy, dislike.
antiptico,a adj unfriendly, un-
pleasant, unkind.
P nm & nf unpleasant person.
antpoda nm & nf (punto) antipode, an-
tipodes pl.
antirrobo adj inv anti-theft.
antisemitismo nm anti-Semitism.
antisptico,a adj antiseptic.
P nm antisptico antiseptic.
antiterrorista adj antiterrorist.
anttesis nf inv antithesis.
antitetnico,a adj anti-tetanus.
antitranspirante adj antiperspirant.
P nm antiperspirant.
antivirus nm 1 (frmaco) antivirus
drug. 2 inform antivirus.
antojo nm 1 (capricho) whim, fancy; (de
embarazada) craving. 2 (en la piel) birth-
mark.
antologa nf anthology.
antnimo nm antonym.
antonomasia nf antonomasia. l o c
por antonomasia par excellence.
antorcha nf torch.
antracita nf anthracite.
ntrax nm inv anthrax.
antro nm 1 (caverna) cavern. 2 (tugurio)
dump, hole, dive.
antropoide nm o nf anthropoid.
antropologa nf anthropology.
anual adj annual, yearly.
24
anuario nm yearbook.
anudar vt (atar) to knot, tie, fasten.
anulacin nf 1 (gen) annulment, can-
cellation; (de ley) repeal; (de sentencia)
quashing, overturning. 2 dep (de gol)
disallowing. c o m p anulacin de matri
monio annulment of marriage.
anular1 adj ring-shaped.
P nm ring finger.
anular2 vt 1 (matrimonio) to annul; (una
ley) to repeal; (una sentencia) to quash.
2 (un pedido, viaje) to cancel; (un contrato)
to invalidate, cancel. 3 dep (un gol) to
disallow.
anunciar vt 1 (avisar) to announce,
make public. 2 (hacer publicidad) to ad-
vertise.
P vpr anunciarse to put an advert (en, in).
anuncio nm 1 (aviso) announcement;
(signo) sign. 2 (publicidad) advertisement,
advert, ad. 3 (valla publicitaria) hoarding,
us billboard. c o m p anuncios por pala
bras classified adverts, small ads.
anverso nm 1 (de moneda) obverse. 2 (de
pgina) recto.
anzuelo nm 1 fish-hook. 2 fig lure,
bait. l o c tragar/morder/picar el an
zuelo to swallow the bait.
aadidura nf addition, addendum. l o c
por aadidura besides, in addition.
aadir vt to add (a, to).
aejo,a adj 1 (vino, queso) mature; (ja-
mn) cured. 2 (viejo) old.
aicos nm pl bits, pieces. l o c hacer ai
cos to smash to pieces. y hacerse aicos
to shatter, smash to bits.
ao nm year: el ao pasado last year; el ao
que viene next year; los aos sesenta the
sixties. c o m p ao escolar school year. y
ao luz light year.
P nm pl years, age sing: cuntos aos tie
nes? how old are you?; tengo 20 aos Im
20 years old. l o c hace aos a long time
ago, years ago.
aorar vt 1 (gen) to long for, miss,
yearn for. 2 (pas) to be homesick
for, miss.
aorta nf aorta.
aovar vi to lay eggs.
 25
apacible adj (persona) gentle, calm,
placid; (vida) quiet, peaceful; (clima,
tiempo) mild; (mar) calm.
apaciguar vt to pacify, appease, pla-
cate, calm down.
apadrinar vt 1 (en bautizo) to act as
godfather to. 2 (en boda) to be the
best man for. 3 (artista) to sponsor.
apagar vt 1 (fuego) to extinguish, put
out. 2 (luz) to turn out, turn off, put
out. 3 (televisin, etc) to switch off,
turn off. 4 fig (sed) to quench.
apagn nm power cut, blackout.
apaisado,a adj 1 oblong. 2 inform
landscape.
apalancarse vpr argot to settle os, set-
tle down.
apalear vt (pegar) to beat, cane, thrash.
apaarse l o c aparselas to manage,
get by.
apao nm 1 (remiendo, compostura) repair,
mend, patch. 2 (acuerdo) agreement, deal.
aparador nm 1 (escaparate) shop win-
dow. 2 (mueble) sideboard, cupboard,
buffet.
aparato nm 1 (mecanismo) (piece of) ap-
paratus, set; (elctrico) appliance. 2 (dis-
positivo) device; (instrumento) instrument.
3 (telfono) telephone: est al aparato hes
on the phone. 4 (avin) plane. c o m p apa
rato de radio radio set. y aparato diges
tivo anat digestive system.
aparcamiento nm 1 (accin) parking. 2
(en la calle) place to park, parking place.
3 (parking) car park, us parking lot.
aparcar vt to park.
P vi to park. l o c Prohibido aparcar
No parking.
aparearse vpr to mate.
aparecer vi 1 to appear: no aparece en la
lista de invitados shes not on the guest list.
2 (dejarse ver) to show up, turn up: es
pero que no aparezca por mi casa I hope he
doesnt show his face near my house.
aparejador,ra nm & nf (de obras) clerk
of works; (perito) quantity surveyor.
aparentar vt 1 (simular) to pretend, af-
fect: aparenta indiferencia she pretends
not to care, she affects indifference. 2
apelar
A
(tener aspecto de) to look: no aparenta la
edad que tiene he doesnt look his age.
P vi to show off.
aparente adj apparent.
aparicin nf 1 appearance. 2 (visin)
apparition.
apariencia nf appearance, aspect.
l o c en apariencia apparently, by all
appearances. y guardar las aparien
cias fig to keep up appearances.
apartado,a pp apartar.
P adj 1 (alejado) remote, distant; (aisla-
do) isolated, cut off. 2 (retirado) retired.
P nm apartado 1 post office box. 2 (p-
rrafo) section.
apartamento nm small flat, apart-
ment.
apartar vt 1 (alejar) to move away. 2
(reservar) to put aside, set aside.
P vpr apartarse 1 (alejarse) to move
away. 2 (separarse) to withdraw,
move away.
aparte adv apart, aside, separately.
P adj (distinto) special: eso es caso aparte
thats completely different.
P nm 1 teat aside. 2 ling paragraph:
punto y aparte full stop, new paragraph.
l o c aparte de (excepto) apart from.
(adems de) as well as, besides.
apasionante adj exciting, fascinat-
ing.
apasionarse vpr to get excited, be-
come enthusiastic (por/de, about).
apata nf apathy.
aptrida adj stateless.
P nm o nf stateless person.
apeadero nm halt.
apearse vpr (del tren, autobs, etc.) to get
off; (del coche) to get out of; (del caballo)
to dismount.
apedrear vt 1 (tirar piedras) to throw
stones at. 2 (matar a pedradas) to stone
(to death).
apego nm attachment, affection, lik-
ing, fondness.
apelacin nf 1 jur appeal. 2 (llamamien-
to) appeal, call.
apelar vi 1 jur to appeal. 2 fig (recurrir)
to resort to.
apelativo
apelativo nm appellative, name.
apellidarse vpr to be called, have as a
surname.
apellido nm family name, surname,
(us last name).
apenas adv 1 (casi no) scarcely, hardly:
apenas lo conozco I hardly know him. 2
(con dificultad) only just. 3 (tan pronto co-
mo) as soon as, no sooner: apenas en
tramos, son el telfono no sooner had we
had come in than the phone rang.
apndice nm 1 (rgano interno) appen-
dix. 2 (de libro) appendix.
apendicitis nf inv appendicitis.
aperitivo nm 1 (bebida) apritif. 2 (comi-
da) appetizer, snack.
apertura nf 1 (comienzo) opening, be-
ginning. 2 pol liberalization.
apestar vi (oler mal) to stink.
apetecer vi (agradar) to feel like, fan-
cy: te apetece ir al teatro? do you fancy
going to the theatre?
apetecible adj 1 (empleo) desirable;
(idea) appealing. 2 (comida) tasty, ap-
petizing.
apetito nm appetite. l o c abrir el apeti
to to whet ones appetite.
apetitoso,a adj 1 (aspecto de comida)
appetizing; (comida) tasty, delicious.
2 (oferta) tempting.
apiadarse vpr to take pity (de, on).
pice nm 1 (punta) apex. 2 fig tiny bit,
speck, iota. l o c ni un pice not one bit.
apicultura nf beekeeping, apiculture.
apilar vt to pile up, heap up.
apio nm celery.
aplacar vt to placate, calm, soothe.
aplanadora nf steamroller, roadroll-
er.
aplanar vt to smooth, level, make even.
aplastante adj crushing, over-
whelming. c o m p triunfo/victoria
aplastante (electoral) landslide victory.
aplastar vt 1 (gen) to flatten, squash,
crush. 2 fig (destruir) to crush, destroy.
aplaudir vt to clap, applaud.
aplauso nm applause.
aplazamiento nm (gen) adjournment,
postponement; (de pago) deferment.
26
aplazar vt (gen) to adjourn, postpone,
put off; (un pago) to defer.
aplicacin nf application.
aplicado,a pp aplicar.
P adj (estudioso) studious, diligent,
hard-working.
aplicar vt to apply.
P vpr aplicarse (esforzarse) to apply os,
work hard.
aplique nm 1 (adorno) appliqu. 2 (lm-
para) wall light, wall lamp.
aplomo nm composure, self-posses-
sion.
apocado,a adj 1 (intimidado) intimidat-
ed, frightened. 2 (tmido) shy, timid.
apocalipsis nm inv apocalypse.
apcope nm apocope.
apodarse vpr to be nicknamed.
apoderado,a pp apoderarse.
P nm & nf 1 agent, representative. 2
(de torero, deportista) manager.
apoderarse vpr to take possession
(de, of), seize (de, -): el miedo se apoder
de l he was seized by fear.
apodo nm nickname.
apogeo nm 1 (de rbita) apogee. 2 fig
(punto culminante) summit, height, cli-
max, peak.
apoltico,a adj apolitical.
apologa nf apology, defence (us de-
fense).
apopleja nf apoplexy, stroke.
aporrear vt (persona) to beat, hit,
thrash; (puerta) to bang on; (piano) to
bang (away) on.
aportacin nf contribution.
aportar vt 1 (contribuir) to contribute. 2
(proporcionar) to give, provide.
aposento nm 1 (cuarto) room. 2 (hospe-
daje) lodgings pl.
apsito nm dressing.
aposta adv on purpose, deliberately,
intentionally.
apostar vt to bet (por, on).
P vpr apostarse to bet.
apstol nm 1 apostle. 2 fig (defensor)
apostle, champion.
apstrofe nm & nf 1 gram apostrophe.
2 (reprimenda) reprimand, rebuke.
 27
apotema nf apothem.
apotesico,a adj enormous, tremen-
dous.
apoyar vt 1 to lean, rest. 2 (fundar) to
base, found. 3 fig (defender algo) to
support; (defender a alguien) to back,
support.
P vpr apoyarse 1 (descansar) to lean (en,
on), rest (en, on), stand (en, on). 2 fig
(basarse) to be based (en, on).
apoyo nm support.
apreciable adj 1 (perceptible) apprecia-
ble, noticeable. 2 (estimable) valuable,
precious.
apreciar vt 1 (valorar) to appraise (en,
at). 2 (sentir aprecio) to regard highly,
hold in high esteem. 3 (reconocer valor)
to appreciate. 4 (percibir) to notice,
see, perceive.
aprecio nm esteem, regard. l o c sentir
aprecio por algn to be fond of sb.
aprender vt 1 to learn. 2 (memorizar) to
learn by heart.
P vpr aprenderse learn by heart.
aprendiz,za nm & nf apprentice,
trainee.
aprendizaje nm 1 (situacin) appren-
ticeship. 2 (tiempo) training period. 3
(en pedagoga) learning.
aprensin nf (miedo) apprehension;
(asco) squeamishness.
aprensivo,a adj apprehensive.
apresar vt 1 (tomar por fuerza) to seize,
capture. 2 (asir) to clutch.
apresurarse vpr to hurry, hurry up.
apretar vt 1 (estrechar) to squeeze, hug.
2 (tornillo) to tighten; (cordones, nudo) to
do up tight. 3 (comprimir) to com-
press, press together, pack tight. 4
(botn) to press, push.
P vi 1 fig (aumentar) to increase, get
worse: el calor aprieta its getting hotter
and hotter. 2 (prendas) to fit tight, be
tight on.
apretn c o m p apretn de manos hand-
shake.
aprieto nm tight spot, difficulty,
scrape, fix. l o c poner a algn en un aprie
to to put sb in an awkward situation.
apto
aprisa adv quickly.
aprobacin nf (gen) approval; (ley) A
passing.
aprobado,a pp aprobar.
P adj approved, passed.
P nm aprobado educ pass (mark). l o c
sacar/tener un aprobado to get a pass.
aprobar vt 1 (gen) to approve; (ley) to
pass. 2 (estar de acuerdo) to approve of.
3 educ (examen, asignatura) to pass.
P vi to pass.
apropiacin nf appropriation. c o m p
apropiacin indebida jur theft.
apropiado,a pp apropiarse.
P adj suitable, fitting, appropriate.
apropiarse vpr to appropriate (de, -),
take possession (de, of).
aprovechable adj usable.
aprovechado,a pp aprovechar.
P adj 1 (espacio) well-planned. 2 pey (egos-
ta) selfish; (gorrn) sponging, scroung-
ing. l o c mal aprovechado,a wasted.
P nm & nf fam (gorrn) sponger,
scrounger; (oportunista) opportunist.
aprovechamiento nm 1 (uso) use, ex-
ploitation: el aprovechamiento de los re
cursos naturales the exploitation of natu-
ral resources. 2 (provecho)
improvement, progress.
aprovechar vt 1 (emplear tilmente) to
make good use of, make the most
of. 2 (sacar provecho) to benefit from,
take advantage of.
P vpr aprovecharse (de alguien) to take
advantage (de, of); (de algo) to make
the most (de, of). l o c que aproveche!
enjoy your meal!
aproximacin nf 1 (gen) approxima-
tion. 2 (acercamiento) bringing togeth-
er; (de pases) rapprochement.
aproximado,a pp aproximar.
P adj approximate, estimated. c o m p
clculo aproximado rough estimate.
aproximar vt to bring near, put near.
P vpr aproximarse to come near,
come closer.
aptitud nf aptitude, ability.
apto,a adj 1 (apropiado) suitable, ap-
propriate: no es apto para este trabajo
 apuesta
hes not suitable for this job. 2 (capaz)
capable, able.
apuesta nf bet, wager.
apuesto,a adj (gen) good-looking;
(hombre) handsome.
apuntador,ra nm & nf teat prompter.
apuntar vt 1 (sealar) to point (a, at). 2
(arma) to aim. 3 (anotar) to note down,
make a note of. 4 teat to prompt.
P vpr apuntarse 1 (inscribirse) to enrol. 2
fam (participar) to take part (a, in): te
apuntas? are you game?
apunte nm 1 note. 2 (dibujo) sketch.
P nm pl apuntes (de clase) notes.
apualar vt to stab.
apurar vt 1 (terminar) to finish up. 2 am
(dar prisa) to hurry, rush.
P vpr apurarse 1 (preocuparse) to get
worried, be worried. 2 am (darse prisa)
to hurry, rush.
apuro nm 1 fix, tight spot; (de dinero)
hardship. 2 (vergenza) embarrass-
ment. l o c estar/encontrarse en un apu
ro to be in a tight spot. y pasar apuros
1 (econmicos) to be hard up. 2 (dificulta-
des) to be in a tight spot.
aquejado,a adj suffering (de, from).
aquel,ella adj 1 that. 2 aquellos,as
those.
aqul,lla pron 1 that one; (el anterior)
the former: aqul es el mo that one is
mine. 2 aqullos,as those; (los anteriores)
the former. l o c aqul que he who
y todo aqul que anyone who,
whoever
aquella adj aquel.
aqulla pron aqul.
aquello pron that, it.
aquellos,as adj aquel,ella.
aqullos,as pron aqul,llas.
aqu adv 1 (lugar) here: por aqu por favor
this way please. 2 (tiempo) now: de aqu
en adelante from now on.
rabe adj (gen) Arab; (de Arabia) Arabian.
P nm & nf Arab.
Arabia nf Arabia. c o m p Arabia Saudita
Saudi Arabia.
arcnido nm arachnid.
arado nm plough (us plow).
28
arancel nm tariff, customs duty.
arndano nm bilberry, blueberry.
arandela nf washer.
araa nf 1 (arcnido) spider. 2 (pez) wee-
ver. 3 (lmpara) chandelier. c o m p araa
de mar spider crab. y tela de araa
spiders web.
araar vt 1 (raspar) to scratch. 2 fig (re-
coger) to scrape together.
P vpr araarse to scratch.
araazo nm scratch.
arar vt to plough (us plow).
arbitraje nm 1 (en un desacuerdo) arbitra-
tion. 2 dep (en ftbol, boxeo) refereeing;
(en cricket, tenis) umpiring.
arbitrar vt 1 to arbitrate. 2 dep (en ft-
bol, boxeo) to referee; (en cricket, tenis) to
umpire.
arbitrario,a adj arbitrary.
rbitro,a nm & nf 1 arbiter, arbitra-
tor. 2 dep (ftbol, boxeo) referee; (cricket,
tenis) umpire.
rbol nm 1 bot tree. 2 tc axle, shaft.
3 mar mast. 4 (grfico) tree (diagram).
arboleda nf grove, wood, copse.
arbusto nm shrub, bush.
arca nf chest. c o m p arca de No Noahs
ark. y arcas pblicas Treasury sing.
arcada nf 1 (conjunto de arcos) arcade. 2
(de puente) arch. 3 (vmitos) retching.
arcaico,a adj archaic.
arce nm maple (tree).
arcn nm side of the road, verge; (de
autopista) hard shoulder.
archipilago nm archipelago.
archivador nm (mueble) filing cabinet;
(carpeta) file.
archivar vt 1 (ordenar) to file (away). 2
inform to save. 3 (arrinconar) to shelve.
archivo nm 1 (informe, ficha) file. 2 (docu-
mentos) files pl, archives pl. 3 inform
file. 4 (lugar) archive. 5 (archivador) fil-
ing cabinet.
arcilla nf clay.
arco nm 1 arquit arch. 2 (en geometra)
arc. 3 (arma) bow. 4 (de violn, etc) bow.
c o m p arco de medio punto semicircu-
lar arch. y arco iris rainbow. y arco vol
taico electric arc.
 29
arder vi to burn; (completamente) to
burn down; (sin llama) to smoulder.
ardid nm scheme, trick.
ardilla nf squirrel.
ardor nm 1 burning sensation, burn;
(calor) heat. 2 fig (ansia) ardour (us ar-
dor), fervour (us fervor). c o m p ardor
de estmago heartburn.
arduo,a adj arduous.
rea nf 1 (zona) area, zone. 2 (medida)
are. 3 (superficie) area.
arena nf sand. c o m p arenas movedizas
quicksand sing.
arenisca nf sandstone.
arenoso,a adj sandy.
arenque nm herring.
argamasa nf mortar.
Argelia nm Algeria.
argelino,a adj Algerian.
P nm & nf Algerian.
Argentina nf Argentina, the Argen-
tine.
argentino,a adj Argentinian.
P nm & nf Argentinian.
argn nm argon.
argot nm 1 (popular) slang. 2 (tcnico) jar-
gon.
argucia nf sophism, subtlety.
argumentacin nf 1 (proceso) arguing,
argument. 2 (argumento) argument.
argumentar vt to deduce, to argue.
argumento nm 1 argument. 2 (de nove-
la, obra, etc) plot.
aria nf aria.
aridez nf 1 aridity. 2 fig dryness.
rido,a adj 1 arid. 2 fig dry.
P nm pl ridos dry goods.
Aries nm inv Aries.
ariete nm 1 (ftbol) centre (us center)
forward. 2 (mquina) battering ram.
ario,a adj Aryan.
arisco,a adj 1 (persona - altiva) unsocia-
ble, unfriendly; (- spera) surly, gruff;
(- huidiza) shy. 2 (animal) unfriendly.
arista nf 1 (lnea) edge. 2 (filamento del tri-
go) beard. 3 arquit (de viga) arris; (de
bveda) groin. 4 (de montaa) arte.
aristocracia nf aristocracy.
arpa
aristcrata nm o nf aristocrat.
aritmtico,a adj arithmetical, arith- A
metic.
arma nf weapon, arm. l o c alzarse en ar
mas to rise up in arms. y ser de armas
tomar fig to be formidable. c o m p arma
blanca knife. y arma de fuego firearm.
armada nf navy, naval forces pl.
armadillo nm armadillo.
armador,ra nm & nf shipowner.
armadura nf 1 (traje) suit of armour (us
armor). 2 (armazn) frame. 3 arquit
framework.
armamento nm (accin) armament,
arming.
armar vt 1 (dar armas) to arm. 2 (cargar)
to load; (bayoneta) to fix. 3 (montar -
mueble) to assemble. 4 fam (causar, origi-
nar) to cause, kick up, create: arm un
lo tremendo he kicked up a tremendous
fuss. l o c armarla fam to cause trou-
ble, kick up a fuss.
P vpr armarse 1 (proveerse) to provide os
(de, with), arm os (de, with): se arm
de pintura y pincel y se puso a pintar he pro-
vided himself with paint and paintbrush
and began to paint. 2 (producirse) to be,
break out: se arm un jaleo there was a
right row. l o c armarse de paciencia to
summon up patience. y armarse de
valor to pluck up courage.
armario nm (para ropa) wardrobe, us
closet; (de cocina) cupboard. c o m p ar
mario empotrado built-in wardrobe,
built-in cupboard.
armatoste nm (cosa) monstrosity; (m-
quina) useless contraption.
armazn nm & nf 1 frame, frame-
work; (de madera) timberwork. 2
arquit shell; (de escultura) armature.
armio nm ermine.
armisticio nm armistice.
armona nf harmony.
armnica nf harmonica, mouth organ.
armonioso,a adj harmonious.
aro nm 1 hoop, ring. 2 (juego) hoop.
aroma nm aroma; (del vino) bouquet.
aromtico,a adj aromatic, fragrant.
arpa nf harp.
 arpn
arpn nm harpoon.
arqueologa nf archaeology (us ar-
cheology).
arquelogo,a nm & nf archaeologist
(us archeologist).
arquero,a nm & nf archer.
arquetipo nm archetype.
arquitecto,a nm & nf architect.
arquitectura nf architecture.
arquitrabe nm architrave.
arquivolta nf archivolt.
arrabales nm pl outskirts.
arraigar vi to take root.
P vpr arraigarse (establecerse) to settle
down.
arraigo nm 1 (accin) act of taking
root. 2 fig (races) roots: con mucho
arraigo deeply-rooted.
arrancar vt 1 (rbol) to uproot; (flor) to
pull up. 2 (plumas, cejas) to pluck; (ca-
bello, diente) to pull out; (con violencia -
pgina) to tear out. 3 (obtener - aplausos,
sonrisa) to get; (- confesin, informacin) to
extract. 4 (coche) to start.
P vi 1 (partir) to begin, start. 2 (salir) to
go, leave. 3 (coche) to start; (tren) to
pull out.
arranque nm 1 tc starting mecha-
nism. 2 (comienzo) start. 3 fig (arrebato)
outburst, fit.
arrasar vt 1 (destruir) to raze, destroy. 2
(allanar) to level, smooth.
P vi (disco, libro, pelcula) to be a smash
hit, sweep the board; (deportista) to
sweep to victory.
arrastrar vt 1 (gen) to drag, pull, 2 (co-
rriente, aire) to sweep along. 3 (traer como
consecuencia) to cause, bring, lead to.
P vpr arrastrarse 1 to drag os, crawl. 2
fig (humillarse) to creep, crawl.
arrastre nm 1 (accin) dragging, pulling.
2 (telesqu) drag lift. 3 (en naipes) lead.
arre interj gee up!, giddy up!
arrear vt 1 (animales) to spur on, urge
on. 2 (apresurar) to hurry up. 3 fam
(pegar) to hit: le arre una bofetada she
slapped him round the face.
arrebatar vt 1 (quitar) to grab, snatch.
2 fig (cautivar) to captivate, fascinate.
30
arrebato nm (arranque) fit, outburst.
arreciar vi to get stronger, get worse.
arrecife nm reef.
arreglado,a pp arreglar.
P adj 1 (solucionado) settled, fixed, sort-
ed out. 2 (ordenado) tidy, neat, ar-
ranged, orderly. 3 (bien vestido) well-
dressed, smart.
arreglar vt 1 (gen) to settle, sort out,
fix. 2 (ordenar) to tidy up, clear up. 3
(reparar) to mend, fix, repair. 4 ms to
arrange. 5 fam to sort out: ya te arre
glar! Ill teach you!, Ill sort you out.
P vpr arreglarse 1 (componerse) to get
ready, dress up; (cabello) to do. 2 (solu-
cionarse) to get sorted out, work out;
(pareja) to get back together again. l o c
arreglrselas to manage, cope: arrgla
telas como puedas do the best you can.
arreglo nm 1 (acuerdo) arrangement,
agreement, settlement. 2 (reparacin)
repair. 3 ms arrangement. c o m p arre
glo de cuentas settling of scores, set-
tling-up.
arremangarse vpr to roll up ones
sleeves.
arremeter vi 1 (gen) to attack, charge; (el
toro) to charge. 2 (verbalmente) to attack.
arrendamiento nm 1 renting, leas-
ing, letting. 2 (precio) rent.
arrendar vt (dar en alquiler) to let, lease;
(tomar en alquiler) to rent, lease.
arrendatario,a nm & nf 1 (que da en
arriendo) leaseholder, lessee. 2 (inquilino)
tenant.
arrepentido,a pp arrepentirse.
P adj regretful, repentant.
P nm& nf penitent.
arrepentimiento nm regret, repent-
ance.
arrepentirse vpr 1 (gen) to regret (de, -). 2
rel to repent (de, of).
arrestar vt 1 to arrest, detain. 2 (poner en
prisin) to imprison, jail, put in prison.
arresto nm arrest.
arriar vt 1 (velas) to lower. 2 (bandera) to
strike.
arriba adv 1 up; (encima) on (the) top:
ponlo ms arriba put it higher up. 2 (piso)
 31
upstairs: vive arriba he/she lives upstairs.
3 (en escritos) above: vase ms arriba see
above.
P interj up!: arriba la Repblica! long live
the Republic!, up the Republic! l o c de
arriba abajo from top to bottom. y
hacia arriba upwards.
arriesgado,a pp arriesgar.
P adj 1 (peligroso) risky, dangerous. 2
(temerario) bold, daring, fearless.
arriesgar vt 1 to risk; (dinero) to stake.
2 (aventurar) to venture.
P vpr arriesgarse to risk.
arrimar vt (acercar) to move closer.
P vpr arrimarse to move close, get close.
arrinconar vt 1 (poner en un rincn) to
put in a corner. 2 (retirar) to lay aside,
put away. 3 (acorralar) to corner.
arritmia nf arrhythmia.
arroba nf 1 (medida de peso) measure of
weight equal to 11.502 kg, 25.3 lbs; (medida
de capacidad) variable liquid measure. 2 (In-
ternet) at, @.
arrodillarse vpr to kneel down, get
down on ones knees.
arrogancia nf arrogance.
arrogante adj arrogant.
arrojar vt 1 (tirar) to throw, fling. 2
(echar con violencia) to throw out, kick
out. 3 (vomitar) to vomit, throw up. 4
(cuentas, etc) to show, produce, give.
P vpr arrojarse to throw os.
arrojo nm boldness, dash, bravery,
daring.
arrollador,ra adj overwhelming, ir-
resistible.
arrollar vt 1 (envolver) to roll (up). 2 (al
enemigo) to crush, rout.
arropar vt to wrap up.
arroyo nm 1 (corriente de agua) stream,
brook. 2 (en la calle) gutter.
arroz nm rice. c o m p arroz blanco 1 (seco)
white rice. 2 (hervido) boiled rice. y
arroz con leche rice pudding. y arroz
integral brown rice.
arruga nf (piel) wrinkle; (ropa) crease.
arrugar vt (piel) to wrinkle; (ropa) to
crease; (papel) to crumple (up).
artificial
P vpr arrugarse 1 (piel) to wrinkle; (ropa)
A
to crease; (papel) to crumple (up). 2
fam (acobardarse) to get the wind up.
arruinar vt 1 to bankrupt, ruin. 2 (estro-
pear) to damage: la tormenta ha arruinado
la cosecha the storm has ruined the crops.
P vpr arruinarse to be bankrupt, be
ruined.
arrullar vt 1 (ave) to coo. 2 (adormecer)
to lull.
arsenal nm 1 mar shipyard. 2 (de ar-
mas) arsenal. 3 fig (cantidad) store-
house, mine.
arsnico nm arsenic.
arte nm 1 art. 2 (habilidad) craft, skill. 3
(astucia) cunning. 4 (pesca) fishing gear.
artefacto nm device, appliance; (ex-
plosivo) explosive device.
arteria nf artery. c o m p arteria cartida
carotid artery. y arteria coronaria cor-
onary artery.
artesa nf trough.
artesanal adj (objeto) handmade; (comi-
da) home-made.
artesana nf 1 (calidad) craftsmanship.
2 (arte, obra) crafts pl, handicrafts pl.
artesano,a adj handmade.
P nm & nf (hombre) craftsman; (mujer)
craftswoman.
artesonado nm panelled ceiling, cof-
fered ceiling.
rtico,a adj Arctic.
P nm el rtico the Arctic. c o m p el Crcu
lo rtico the Arctic Circle. y el ocano
rtico the Arctic Ocean.
articulacin nf 1 ling articulation. 2
anat joint, articulation. 3 tc joint.
articulado,a pp articular.
P adj 1 (lenguaje) articulate. 2 (objeto) ar-
ticulated.
articular adj articulated.
P vt 1 to articulate. 2 jur to article.
artculo nm 1 article. 2 (mercanca) arti-
cle, product. c o m p artculos de prime
ra necesidad basic commodities.
artfice nm o nf 1 (artista) craftsman, art-
ist. 2 (autor) author: Pepe ha sido el artfice
de todo esto this is all Pepes doing.
artificial adj artificial.
 artificioso
artificioso,a adj affected.
artillera nf artillery.
artilugio nm device, gadget.
artimaa nf artifice, trick, ruse.
artista nm o nf artist.
artstico,a adj artistic.
artritis nf inv arthritis.
artrpodo nm arthropod.
artrosis nf inv arthrosis.
arzobispo nm archbishop.
as nm 1 (naipes) ace. 2 (dados) one. 3 fig
ace, star, wizard.
asa nf handle.
asado,a pp asar.
P adj roast, roasted.
P nm asado roast.
asador nm 1 (utensilio) roaster. 2 (estable-
cimiento) grill room, grill house.
asalariado,a nm & nf wage earner,
salaried worker.
asalmonado,a adj salmon-pink.
asaltante adj assaulting, attacker.
P nm o nf attacker; (en robo) raider, robber.
asaltar vt 1 to assault, attack; (para ro-
bar) to raid, rob. 2 (abordar) to ap-
proach, come up to.
asalto nm 1 assault, attack; (con robo)
raid, robbery. 2 (boxeo) round.
asamblea nf assembly, meeting.
asar vt to roast.
P vpr asarse 1 (cocerse) to roast. 2 fig
(pasar calor) to be roasting, be boiling
hot. l o c asar a la parrilla to grill. y asar
al horno to roast.
ascendencia nf 1 ancestry, ancestors
pl: era alemn, pero de ascendencia polaca
he was German, but of Polish descent. 2
(influencia) ascendancy.
ascender vt to promote.
P vi 1 (subir) to climb. 2 (de categora)
to be promoted (a, to). 3 (sumar) to
amount (a, to).
ascendiente nm o nf (antepasado) ancestor.
P nm (influencia) ascendancy, power.
ascensin nf (subida) climb, climbing.
ascenso nm 1 (subida) climb, ascent. 2
(aumento) rise ( de, in). 3 (promocin)
promotion.
32
ascensor nm lift, us elevator.
asco nm disgust, repugnance. l o c dar
asco to be disgusting. y hacer ascos a al-
go to turn up ones nose at sth. y qu
asco! how disgusting!, how revolting!
ascua nf live coal.
asear vt (adecentar) to clean, tidy up.
P vpr asearse (arreglarse) to wash, get
washed.
asediar vt to besiege.
asedio nm siege.
asegurado,a pp asegurar.
P adj 1 (con seguro) insured. 2 (garantiza-
do) secure: tiene el futuro asegurado his
future is secure.
asegurar vt 1 (fijar) to secure. 2 com to
insure. 3 (garantizar) to assure, guar-
antee.
P vpr asegurarse 1 (cerciorarse) to make
sure. 2 com to insure os.
asemejarse vpr to look like, be like.
asentir vi to assent, agree; (con la cabe-
za) to nod.
aseo nm 1 (accin) cleaning, tidying up.
2 (limpieza) cleanliness, tidiness. 3
(habitacin) bathroom, toilet.
asptico,a adj 1 aseptic. 2 fig cold,
indifferent.
asequible adj accessible: a un precio
asequible at a reasonable price, at an af-
fordable price.
aserrar vt to saw (up).
asesinar vt 1 to kill, murder. 2 (a un
personaje importante) to assassinate.
asesinato nm 1 killing, murder. 2 (de
un pesonaje importante) assassination.
asesino,a nm & nf killer; (hombre) mur-
derer; (mujer) murderess.
asesor,ra adj advisory.
P nm & nf adviser, consultant.
asesorar vt 1 (dar consejo) to advise, give
advice. 2 com to act as a consultant to.
P vpr asesorarse (tomar consejo) to take
advice, consult (de, -).
asesora nf 1 (cargo) consultancy. 2 (ofi-
cina) consultants office.
aseveracin nf asseveration, asser-
tion.
asfalto nm asphalt.
 33
asfixia nf asphyxia, suffocation.
asfixiar vt to asphyxiate, suffocate.
P vpr asfixiarse to asphyxiate, suffo-
cate.
as adv 1 (de esta manera) thus, (in) this
way. 2 (de esa manera) (in) that way:
por decirlo as so to speak; y as sucesiva
mente and so on. 3 (tanto) as: as usted
como yo both you and I. 4 (por tanto)
therefore. 5 (tan pronto como) as soon
as: as que lo sepa as soon as I know. l o c
as as so-so. y as que so.
P adj such: un hombre as a man like
that, such a man.
Asia nf Asia.
asitico,a adj Asian.
P nm & nf Asian.
asiduidad nf assiduity, frequency.
asiduo,a adj assiduous, frequent.
asiento nm 1 (silla, etc) seat. 2 (emplaza-
miento) site. 3 com entry, registry. l o c
tomar asiento to take a seat.
asignacin nf 1 (accin) assignment, al-
location. 2 (nombramiento) appoint-
ment, assignment. 3 (remuneracin) allo-
cation, allowance; (sueldo) wage,
salary.
asignar vt 1 to assign, allot, allocate.
2 (nombrar) to appoint, assign.
asignatura nf subject.
asilo nm 1 (institucin) asylum, home, in-
stitution. 2 fig (proteccin) protection,
assistance. l o c dar asilo to shelter.
c o m p asilo de ancianos old peoples
home. y asilo poltico political asylum.
asimetra nf asymmetry.
asimilar vt to assimilate.
asimismo adv 1 (tambin) also, as well.
2 (de esta manera) likewise. 3 (adems)
moreover.
asir vt (agarrar) to grab, seize, grasp,
take hold of.
asistencia nf 1 (presencia) attendance,
presence. 2 (pblico) audience. 3 (ayuda)
assistance, help, aid. c o m p asistencia
mdica medical assistance. y asisten
cia tcnica technical backup. y falta de
asistencia absence.
asistenta nf cleaning lady.
aspersin
asistente adj 1 (que est) attending. 2
(que ayuda) assistant. A
P nm o nf 1 (que est) member of the
audience. 2 (que ayuda) assistant.
c o m p asistente social social worker.
asistir vi to attend, be present.
P vt (ayudar) to help, assist; (a los enfer-
mos) to attend, care for.
asma nf asthma.
asno nm ass, donkey.
asociacin nf association.
asociado,a pp asociar.
P adj associated, associate.
P nm& nf associate, partner.
asociar vt to associate (a/con, with),
connect, link.
P vpr asociarse 1 (relacionarse) to be as-
sociated (a/con, with). 2 com to form
a partnership, become partners.
asociativ0,-a nf associative. c o m p pro
piedad asociativa associativity.
asomar vi (empezar a aparecer) to ap-
pear, begin to show, come out.
P vt (mostrar) to stick out.
P vpr asomarse 1 (a ventana) to stick
ones head out (a, of), lean out (a,
of); (a balcn) to come out (a, onto). 2
(aparecer) to appear.
asombrar vt to amaze, astonish.
P vpr asombrarse to be astonished,
be amazed, be surprised.
asombro nm amazement, astonish-
ment, surprise.
asombroso,a adj amazing, aston-
ishing, surprising.
asomo nm sign, trace, hint. l o c ni por
asomo by no means.
asonante adj assonant.
aspa nf 1 (cruz) cross. 2 (de molino) sail;
(de ventilador) blade; (armazn) arms pl.
aspaviento nm fuss. l o c hacer aspa
vientos to make a great fuss.
aspecto nm 1 (faceta) aspect, side, an-
gle. 2 (apariencia) look, appearance:
qu aspecto tena? what did he look like?
aspereza nf roughness, coarseness.
spero,a adj 1 (cosa) rough, coarse. 2
fig (persona) surly.
aspersin nf sprinkling.
aspersor
aspersor nm sprinkler.
aspiracin nf 1 (al respirar) inhalation,
breathing in. 2 ling aspiration. 3 tc
intake. 4 fig (ambicin) aspiration, am-
bition.
aspirador nm vacuum cleaner, Hoover.
aspirante nm o nf candidate, appli-
cant.
aspirar vt 1 (al respirar) to inhale,
breathe in. 2 (absorber) to suck in,
draw in. 3 ling to aspirate.
P vi fig (desear) to aspire (a, to).
aspirina nf aspirin.
asquear vt to disgust, revolt.
asqueroso,a adj 1 (sucio) dirty, filthy.
2 (desagradable) disgusting, revolting,
foul.
P nm & nf (sucio) filthy person, revolt-
ing person.
asta nf 1 (de bandera) staff, pole. 2 (de
lanza) shaft; (pica) lance, pike. 3 (cuer-
no) horn.
asterisco nm asterisk.
asteroide adj asteroid.
P nm asteroid.
astigmatismo nm astigmatism.
astilla nf splinter, chip.
astillero nm shipyard, dockyard.
astrgalo nm 1 anat astragalus. 2
arquit astragal.
astro nm star.
astrofsica nf astrophysics.
astrologa nf astrology.
astrlogo,a nm & nf astrologer.
astronauta nm o nf astronaut.
astronoma nf astronomy.
astrnomo,a nm & nf astronomer.
astucia nf 1 astuteness, cunning,
shrewdness. 2 (treta) trick, ruse.
astuto,a adj astute, cunning, shrewd.
asumir vt to assume, take on, take
upon os.
asunto nm 1 (cuestin) matter, issue; (te-
ma) subject; (de obra) theme: no quiero
hablar del asunto I dont want to discuss
the matter. 2 (negocio) affair, business:
no es asunto tuyo its none of your busi-
ness. 3 (aventura) affair, love affair.
34
comp asuntos exteriores pol Foreign
Affairs.
asustado,a adj frightened, scared.
asustar vt to frighten, scare.
P vpr asustarse to be frightened, be
scared.
atacar vt to attack.
atajar vi to take a short cut.
atajo nm 1 (camino) short cut. 2 fig (gru-
po) bunch.
atalaya nf (torre) watchtower, look-
out; (mirador) vantage point.
ataque nm 1 attack. 2 med fit. c o m p ata
que de nervios nervous breakdown.
atar vt to tie. l o c atar cabos fig to put
two and two together.
atardecer vi to get dark, grow dark.
P nm evening, dusk.
atareado,a adj busy, occupied.
atascar vt 1 (bloquear) to block up,
clog. 2 fig (obstaculizar) to hamper,
hinder, obstruct.
P vpr atascarse 1 (bloquearse) to get
blocked. 2 (mecanismo) to get stuck.
atasco nm 1 (accin) obstruction,
blockage. 2 (de trfico) traffic jam.
atad nm coffin.
ataviar vt 1 (arreglar) to dress up. 2
(adornar) to adorn, deck.
atesmo nm atheism.
atemorizar vt to frighten, scare.
atencin nf 1 (gen) attention. 2 (detalle)
nice thought: fue una atencin por su parte
it was a nice thought, it was very kind of
him. l o c a la atencin de algn (en cartas)
for the attention of sb. y llamar la aten
cin to attract attention. y llamar la
atencin a algn to take sb to task. y pres
tar atencin to pay attention (a, to).
P interj atencin! (gen) your attention
please!; (cuidado) watch out!, look out!
atender vt 1 (servir - cliente) to serve, at-
tend to, see to: ya la atienden? are you
being served? 2 (cuidar) to take care of,
look after. 3 (negocio) to take care
of; (telfono) to answer. 4 (consejo, adver-
tencia) to heed, pay attention to; (rue-
go, deseo, protesta) to attend to; (instruc-
cin) to follow, carry out.

P vi 1 (prestar atencin) to pay attention
(a, to), attend (a, to). 2 (tener en cuenta)
to bear in mind.
atenerse vpr 1 (ajustarse) to abide (a,
by), comply (a, with). 2 (acogerse) to
rely (a, on).
atentado nm 1 (ataque) attack, assault.
2 (afrenta) affront. c o m p atentado te
rrorista terrorist attack.
atentamente adv 1 attentively, careful-
ly. 2 (amablemente) politely; (en carta) sin-
cerely, faithfully: Le saluda atentamente
Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully.
atentar vi (fsicamente - a una institucin) to
attack (a/contra, -), make an attack
(a/contra, on); (- a una persona) to at-
tempt to kill, make an attempt on
sbs life.
atento,a adj 1 attentive. 2 (amable) po-
lite, courteous.
atenuante adj 1 attenuating. 2 jur ex-
tenuating.
P nm jur extenuating circumstance.
atenuar vt 1 to attenuate. 2 jur to ex-
tenuate.
ateo,a adj atheistic.
P nm & nf atheist.
aterrador,ra adj terrifying, frightful.
aterrizaje nm landing. c o m p aterrizaje
forzoso emergency landing.
aterrizar vi to land.
aterrorizar vt to terrify.
atesorar vt 1 (acumular) to hoard, ac-
cumulate, store up. 2 fig to possess.
atestado1 nm jur affidavit, statement.
atestado,a2 adj packed (de, with),
crammed (de, with).
atestiguar vt 1 jur to testify to, bear
witness to, give evidence of. 2 (ofrecer
muestras) to attest, testify, vouch for.
atiborrarse vpr fam (de comida) to stuff
os (de, with).
tico nm 1 (vivienda) penthouse, attic
flat. 2 arquit attic, loft.
atinar vi 1 (dar con) to hit upon, find. 2
(acertar) to get it right, be right, suc-
ceed.
atpico,a adj atypical.
35 atrapar
atisbo nm 1 (accin) spying, watching.
2 fig (indicio) inkling, slight sign. A
atizar vt 1 (fuego) to poke; (vela) to
snuff. 2 fig (pasiones) to rouse, excite;
(rebelin) to stir up. 3 (dar - golpe) give,
deal.
atlntico,a adj Atlantic. c o m p el (oca
no) Atlntico the Atlantic (Ocean).
atlas nm inv atlas.
atleta nm o nf athlete.
atltico,a adj athletic.
atletismo nm athletics.
atmsfera nf atmosphere.
atolondrado,a adj 1 (desatinado) scat-
terbrained, reckless, silly. 2 (aturdido)
stunned, bewildered.
atmico,a adj atomic.
atomizador nm atomizer, spray.
tomo nm atom.
atnito,a adj astonished, amazed.
tono,a adj atonic, unstressed.
atontado,a adj 1 (aturdido) stunned,
confused, bewildered. 2 (tonto) stupid,
silly, foolish.
atormentar vt 1 (torturar) to torture. 2
fig (causar disgusto) to torment, harass.
P vpr atormentarse (sufrir) to torment os.
atornillar vt to screw on, screw down.
atracador,ra nm & nf (de banco) (bank)
robber; (en la calle) attacker, mugger,
thief.
atracar vt (robar - banco, tienda) to hold
up, rob; (- persona) to mug.
P vi mar (a otra nave) to come along-
side; (a tierra) to tie up, dock, berth.
P vpr atracarse (de comida) to gorge os
(de, on), stuff os (de, with).
atraccin nf (gen) attraction.
P nf pl atracciones (de feria) rides pl.
atraco nm hold-up, robbery.
atracn nm fam binge, blowout.
atractivo,a adj attractive, charming.
P nm atractivo attraction, charm, ap-
peal.
atraer vt to attract.
atragantarse vpr (no poder tragar) to
choke (con, on), swallow the wrong
way.
atrapar vt to seize, capture, catch.
 atrs
atrs adv 1 back: dio un salto atrs she
jumped back. 2 (tiempo) ago: das atrs
several days ago.
atrasado,a pp atrasar.
P adj 1 (desfasado) outdated. 2 (pago)
overdue. 3 (reloj) slow. 4 (pas) back-
ward, underdeveloped; (alumno) slow,
backward.
atrasar vt (gen) to delay, postpone,
put back; (reloj) to put back.
P vi (reloj) to be slow.
P vpr atrasarse 1 (tren, etc) to be late. 2
(quedarse atrs) to fall behind.
atraso nm 1 delay. 2 (de reloj) slowness:
el tren lleva mucho atraso the train is very
late. 3 (de un pas) backwardness.
atravesar vt 1 (cruzar) to cross, go
across, go over; (pasar por) to go
through, pass through. 2 (experimentar
- gen) to go through, experience; (enfer-
medad, etc) to suffer. 3 (poner oblicuamente)
to put across, lay across. 4 (con bala, etc)
to go through; (con espada) to run
through. 5 (situacin) to go through.
atrayente adj attractive.
atreverse vpr to dare, venture.
atrevido,a pp atreverse.
P adj 1 (osado) daring, bold. 2 (insolente)
insolent, impudent. 3 (indecoroso) dar-
ing, risqu.
atribuir vt to attribute (a, to), ascribe.
atributo nm attribute, quality.
atril nm (para libros) lectern, bookrest;
(para msica) music stand.
atrio nm 1 (patio) atrium. 2 (vestbulo)
vestibule, entrance hall.
atrocidad nf 1 (barbaridad) atrocity,
outrage. 2 (disparate - accin) some-
thing stupid, foolish thing; (- dicho)
silly remark, stupid remark.
atropellar vt 1 auto to knock down,
run over. 2 (arrollar) to trample over.
atropello nm 1 (accidente) accident, col-
lision; (de coche) knocking down,
running over. 2 (apresuramiento) haste.
3 fig (agravio) outrage, abuse; (de dere-
cho) violation.
atroz adj atrocious, outrageous.
atuendo nm attire, dress, outfit.
36
atn nm tuna, tuna fish, tunny.
aturdido,a adj 1 (confundido) stunned,
dazed, bewildered. 2 (atolondrado)
reckless, harebrained.
audacia nf audacity, boldness, daring.
audaz adj audacious, bold, daring.
audicin nf 1 (accin) hearing; (radio, te-
levisin) reception. 2 teat audition. 3
ms concert.
audiencia nf 1 (recepcin) audience,
hearing. 2 (entrevista) formal interview.
3 jur high court. 4 (pblico) audience.
audfono nm hearing aid, deaf aid.
audiovisual adj audio-visual.
P nm audio-visual.
auditar vt to audit.
auditivo,a adj auditory.
auditor,ra nm & nf fin auditor.
auditorio nm 1 (pblico) audience. 2 (lu-
gar) auditorium, hall.
auge nm 1 (del mercado) boom. 2 (de precios)
boost. 3 (de fama, etc) peak, summit.
augurio nm augury.
aula nf (en escuela) classroom; (en univer-
sidad) lecture room.
aullar vi to howl, yell, bay.
aullido nm howl, yell.
aumentar vt 1 to augment, increase;
(precios) to put up; (produccin) to step
up. 2 (ptica) to magnify. 3 (fotos) to
enlarge. 4 (sonido) to amplify.
aumento nm 1 increase, growth. 2
(ptica) magnification. 3 (fotos) en-
largement. 4 (sonido) amplification. 5
(salario) rise, us raise.
aun adv even: aun los tontos lo saben even
a fool knows that.
P conj (+ gerundio o participio) although, even
though: aun llegando tarde, lo recibieron ama
blemente although he was late, he was giv-
en a warm reception. l o c aun as even so,
even then. y aun cuando although, even
though.
an adv (afirmacin) still; (negacin, interro-
gacin) yet: an no ha llamado he hasnt
phoned yet. l o c an ms even more.
aunque conj 1 (valor concesivo) although,
though; (con nfasis) even if, even
though. 2 (valor adversativo) but.
 37 auxilio
aupar vt to help up. autmata nm automaton.
aureola nf aureole, halo. automtico,a adj automatic. A
aurcula nf auricle. automvil nm automobile, car.
auricular adj auricular, of the ear. automovilismo nm 1 motoring. 2 dep
P nm 1 (telfono) receiver, earpiece. 2 motor racing.
(dedo) little finger. automovilista nm o nf motorist, driver.
P nm pl auriculares earphones, head- automovilstico,a adj car.
phones. autonoma nf 1 (gen) autonomy. 2 (ca-
aurora nf dawn, daybreak. c o m p auro pacidad para funcionar sin recargar) range.
ra boreal/borealis aurora borealis, autonmico,a adj autonomous,
northern lights pl. self-governing.
auscultar vt to sound. autnomo,a adj 1 (regin) autono-
ausencia nf absence. mous. 2 (trabajador) self-employed.
ausentarse vpr 1 (faltar) to be absent. P nm & nf com self-employed person.
2 (irse) to leave. autopista nf motorway, us highway.
ausente adj 1 absent. 2 (distrado) lost autopsia nf 1 autopsy, postmortem.
in thought. 2 fig postmortem.
P nm o nf absentee. autor,ra nm & nf 1 (escritor) writer, au-
austeridad nf austerity. thor; (hombre) author; (mujer) author-
austero,a adj austere. ess. 2 (responsable - gen) person respon-
Australia nf Australia. sible; (- de delito) perpetrator.
australiano,a adj Australian. autoridad nf authority.
P nm & nf (persona) Australian. autoritario,a adj authoritarian.
australopiteco nm australopithecine. autorizacin nf authorization.
Austria nf Austria. autorizado,a pp autorizar.
austraco,a adj Austrian. P adj 1 (oficial) authorized, official. 2
P nm & nf Austrian. (experto) authoritative, expert.
autntico,a adj authentic, genuine, real. autorizar vt 1 to authorize. 2 jur to
auto1 nm (coche) car. c o m p autos de cho legalize. 3 (aprobar) to approve of,
que bumper cars. give authority to.
auto2 nm 1 jur decree, writ. 2 lit mys- autorretrato nm self-portrait.
tery play, religious play. autoservicio nm 1 (restaurante) self-ser-
autoadhesivo,a adj self-adhesive. vice restaurant, cafeteria. 2 (supermer-
autobiografa nf autobiography. cado) supermarket.
autobs nm bus. autostop nm hitchhiking.
autocar nm coach. autostopista nm o nf hitch-hiker.
autocontrol nm self-control. autosuficiencia nf self-sufficiency.
autctono,a adj indigenous. autova nf dual carriageway, us high-
way.
autodefensa nf self-defence (us self-
defense).
auxiliar adj auxiliary, assistant.
P nm 1 (persona) auxiliary, assistant. 2
autodeterminacin nf self-determi- gram (verbo) auxiliary.
nation. P vt (ayudar) to help, assist; (a un enfer-
autodidacta nm o nf self-taught person. mo) to attend; (a un pas) to give aid to.
autoescuela nf driving school, school c o m p auxiliar administrativo adminis-
of motoring. trative assistant.
autoestop nm autostop. auxilio nm help, aid, assistance, relief.
autoestopista nm o nf autostopista. P interj help! c o m p primeros auxilios
autgrafo,a nm autograph. first aid sing.
aval
aval nm endorsement, guarantee.
avalancha nf avalanche.
avalar vt to guarantee, endorse.
avance nm 1 (accin) advance. 2 (pago)
advance payment. 3 (de pelcula) trailer.
c o m p avance informativo tv news pre-
view, us news brief.
avanzar vi to advance, go forward.
P vt 1 (mover adelante) to advance,
move forward. 2 (dinero) to advance.
3 (una propuesta) to put forward.
avaricia nf avarice.
avaro,a adj (tacao) avaricious, miser-
ly, mean; (codicioso) greedy, avaricious.
P nm & nf (tacao) miser; (codicioso)
greedy person.
avasallar vt to subjugate, subdue.
ave nf bird. c o m p ave de rapia bird of
prey. y aves de corral poultry sing.
avecinarse vpr to approach (a, -).
avellana nf hazelnut.
avemara nf Ave Maria, Hail Mary.
avena nf oats pl.
avenida nf 1 (calle) avenue. 2 (riada)
flood, spate.
aventajar vt 1 (exceder) to surpass,
beat. 2 (ir en cabeza) to lead, be ahead;
(llegar) to come first, come ahead (a,
of).
aventura nf 1 adventure. 2 (riesgo)
hazard, risk. 3 (relacin amorosa) (love)
affair.
aventurado,a pp aventurar.
P adj 1 (arriesgado) dangerous, risky. 2
(atrevido) daring, bold.
aventurar vt (idea, opinin, etc) to ven-
ture, dare, hazard.
P vpr aventurarse to venture, dare.
aventurero,a nm & nf (hombre) adven-
turer; (mujer) adventuress.
avergonzado,a pp avergonzar.
P adj embarrassed, ashamed.
avergonzar vt (causar vergenza) to
shame, put to shame; (turbar) to em-
barrass.
P vpr avergonzarse to be ashamed
(de, of), be embarrassed (de, about).
avera nf 1 (en productos) damage. 2 tc
failure. 3 auto breakdown.
38
averiado,a pp averiar.
P adj 1 (en productos) damaged. 2 tc
faulty, not working, out of order. 3
auto broken down.
averiar vt 1 (productos) to damage,
spoil. 2 tc to cause to malfunction.
3 auto to cause a breakdown to.
P vpr averiarse 1 (productos) to get dam-
aged. 2 tc to malfunction, go
wrong. 3 auto to break down.
averiguacin nf inquiry, investiga-
tion.
averiguar vt to inquire, investigate,
find out about: averigua quin viene
find out whos coming.
aversin nf aversion. l o c sentir aver
sin por to loathe.
avestruz nm ostrich.
aviacin nf 1 aviation. 2 mil air force.
c o m p accidente de aviacin air crash.
aviador,ra nm & nf aviator, flier;
(hombre) airman; (mujer) airwoman.
avidez nf avidity, eagerness.
vido,a adj avid, eager: el chico estaba
vido de aventuras the boy was thirsty for
adventure.
avin nm aeroplane ( us airplane),
plane, aircraft.
avioneta nf light plane, light aircraft.
avisar vt 1 (informar) to inform, notify,
announce. 2 (advertir) to warn. 3
(mandar llamar) to call for.
aviso nm 1 (informacin) notice. 2 (adver-
tencia) warning. l o c hasta nuevo aviso
until further notice. y sin previo aviso
without prior notice.
avispa nf wasp.
avispero nm 1 (conjunto de avispas)
swarm of wasps. 2 (nido de avispas)
wasps nest. 3 fig (lo) tight spot,
mess.
avivar vt 1 (fuego) to stoke (up). 2 (an-
helos, deseos) to enliven. 3 (pasiones, do-
lor) to intensify. 4 (paso) to quicken. 5
(colores, luz) to brighten up.
axial adj axial.
axila nf 1 (del cuerpo) armpit, under-
arm. 2 med axilla. 3 (de planta) axil.
axioma nm axiom.
 39
ay interj 1 (dolor) ouch!, ow! 2 (pena)
alas!: ay de m! woe is me!, poor me! 3
(temor) oh!
ayer adv 1 (el da anterior) yesterday. 2
(en el pasado) in the past, formerly.
P nm past. l o c ayer por la maana/tar
de yesterday morning/afternoon. y
ayer por la noche last night.
ayuda nf 1 help, aid, assistance. 2 (la-
vativa) enema. l o c ir en ayuda de algn
to come to sbs assistance. y prestar
ayuda to help (a, -).
ayudar vt to help, aid, assist: en qu po
demos ayudarte? how can we help you?
P vpr ayudarse (apoyarse) to make use
(de/con, of).
ayunar vi to fast.
ayunas l o c en ayunas on an empty
stomach: tmalo en ayunas take it on an
empty stomach.
ayuno nm fast, fasting.
ayuntamiento nm 1 (corporacin) town
council, city council. 2 (edificio) town
hall, city hall.
azabache nm jet. l o c negro,a como el
azabache jet-black.
azada nf hoe.
azafata nf 1 (de avin) air hostess,
stewardess. 2 (de congresos) hostess.
azafrn nm saffron.
azahar nm (de naranjo) orange blos-
som; (de limonero) lemon blossom.
c o m p agua de azahar orange flower
water.
azalea nf azalea.
azuzar
azar nm 1 chance. 2 (percance) misfor-
tune, accident. 3 (en probabilidad) A
event. l o c al azar at random. y por
puro azar by pure chance.
azotar vt 1 (con ltigo) to whip, flog. 2
(golpear) to beat down on. 3 (viento,
olas) to lash. 4 fig (peste, hambre, etc) to
ravage.
azote nm 1 (instrumento) whip, scourge.
2 (golpe) lash, stroke (of the whip). 3
(manotada) smack. 4 (del viento, del agua)
lashing. 5 fig scourge.
azotea nf flat roof.
azteca adj Aztec.
P nm o nf Aztec.
azcar nm & nf sugar. c o m p azcar blanco
refined sugar. y azcar flor icing sugar.
y azcar moreno/negro brown sugar.
azucarado,a pp azucarar.
P adj 1 (con azcar) sugared, sweet-
ened. 2 (como el azcar) sugar-like; (dul-
ce) sweet. 3 fig sugary.
azucarero nm (vasija) sugar bowl.
azucarillo nm (terrn) sugar lump.
azucena nf white lily.
azufre nm sulphur (us sulfur).
azul adj blue.
P nm blue. c o m p azul celeste sky blue,
light blue. y azul cielo sky blue, light
blue. y azul elctrico electric blue. y
azul marino navy blue. y azul turquesa
turquoise. y sangre azul blue blood.
azulejo nm (baldosa) tile, glazed tile.
azuzar vt to egg on.
 B
40
B, b nf (la letra) B, b.
baba nf 1 (de animal, adulto) spittle, sali-
va; (de nio) dribble. 2 (de caracol, babo-
sa) slime. l o c carsele a uno la baba
fam to drool.
babear vi 1 (adulto, animal) to slobber,
slaver; (nio) to dribble. 2 fig to
drool, slobber.
babero nm 1 bib. 2 (babi) child's over-
all.
babosa nf slug.
baca nf rack, roof rack, luggage rack.
bacalao nm cod.
bache nm 1 (en carretera) pothole. 2 (de
aire) air pocket. 3 fig bad patch.
bachillerato nm 1 Spanish certificate
of secondary education. 2 Spanish
non-compulsory secondary educa-
tion.
bacilo nm bacillus.
bacn nm bacon.
bacteria nf bacterium.
bdminton nm badminton.
bafle nm loudspeaker.
Bahamas nf pl las Bahamas the Baha-
mas.
baha nf bay.
bailaor,ra nm & nf flamenco dancer.
bailar vt 1 to dance. 2 (hacer girar) to
spin: bail una moneda en la mesa she
spun a coin on the table.
P vi 1 to dance: bailas? do you want to
dance?, would you like to dance? 2 (gi-
rar) to spin. 3 (ser grande) to be too
big: me bailan estos zapatos these shoes
are too big for me. 4 (moverse - cosa) to
wobble; (- persona) to move about,
fidget: esta silla baila this chair wobbles.
5 (estar suelto) to be loose: este tornillo
baila this screw is loose.
bailarn,ina nm & nf dancer.
baile nm 1 dance. 2 (de etiqueta) ball. 3
(sala) dance hall.
baja nf 1 (descenso) fall, drop. 2 (por en-
fermedad) sick leave.
bajada nf 1 (disminucin) drop, fall. 2
(descenso) descent; (de teln, barrera)
lowering. 3 (camino) way down. 4 (en
carretera, etc) slope, hill.
bajar vt 1 (coger algo de un lugar alto) to
get down. 2 (dejar ms abajo) to lower.
3 (reducir) to lower, reduce, bring
down. 4 (recorrer de arriba abajo) to go
down. 5 (en informtica) to download.
P vi 1 to come down. 2 (reducirse) to
fall, drop: ha bajado la temperatura the
temperature has dropped. 3 (marea) to
go out. 4 (apearse - de coche) to get out
(de, of); (de bicicleta, caballo) to get off
(de, -).
P vpr bajarse to come down, to get
out (de, -), to get off (de, -).
bajo,a adj 1 (gen) low: precios bajos low
prices. 2 (persona) short, not tall. 3 (ca-
beza) bowed, held low; (ojos) low-
ered, downcast. 4 (marea) out: la ma
rea est baja the tide is out. 5 (poca)
late: la Baja Edad Media the late Middle
Ages.
bajo nm 1 (piso) ground floor, us first
floor. 2 ms (instrumento) bass; (contra-
bajo) double bass.
P nm o nf ms (msico) bass player.
P adv low, softly, quietly.
P prep under, below.
P nm pl bajos ground floor;
bajura l o c de bajura inshore.
bala nf 1 bullet. 2 (paquete) bale.
 41 baraja
balada nf ballad. bench. 4 (de peces) shoal. c o m p banco
balancear vt to rock, swing. de datos data bank.
P vi to rock, to swing. banda1 nf 1 (faja) sash. 2 (lista) band. 3
P vpr balancearse (mecerse) to rock; (co- (tira) strip. 4 (lado) side. 5 (en billar) B
lumpio, brazo) to swing. cushion. c o m p banda magntica mag-
balanceo nm (gen) swinging. netic strip.
balancn nm 1 (mecedora) rocking chair. banda2 nf 1 (msicos) band. 2 (maleantes)
2 (columpio) seesaw. gang.
balanza nf (aparato) scales pl. bandada nf 1 (de pjaros) flock; (de insec-
balar vi to bleat, baa. tos) swarm; (de peces) shoal. 2 (de perso-
nas) horde.
balcn nm (en edificio) balcony.
bandeja nf (gen) tray; (para diapositivas)
balde nm bucket, pail. l o c de balde
magazine.
free, for nothing.
bandera nf flag. c o m p bandera nacional
baldo,a adj uncultivated, barren. national flag.
P nm baldo wasteland.
banderilla nf 1 (tauromaquia) banderilla
baldosa nf floor tile. (barbed dart stuck into the bull's back). 2 (tapa)
baldosn nm tile, wall tile. pickled onion, carrot, gherkin, pepper, etc on a
balido nm bleat, baa. cocktail stick.
baln nm pellet. bandern nm pennant.
baliza nf 1 (de mar) buoy. 2 (de tierra) bandido,a nm & nf bandit.
beacon. bando nm 1 (faccin) faction, party,
ballena nf whale. camp. 2 (de aves) flock; (de insectos)
ballesta nf (arma) crossbow. swarm; (de peces) shoal.
ballet nm ballet. bandolera nf bandolier.
balneario,a adj spa. bandolero nm bandit.
baln nm dep ball. banjo nm banjo.
baloncesto nm basketball. banquero,a nm & nf banker.
balonmano nm handball. banqueta nf 1 (taburete) stool; (para los
balonvolea nm volleyball. pies) footstool. 2 (banco) little bench.
balsa nf 1 pool. 2 mar raft. banquete nm banquet, feast.
blsamo nm balsam, balm. baador nm (gen) swimsuit; (de mujer)
bambolear vi to sway. swimming costume; (de hombre)
P vpr bambolearse to sway.
swimming trunks pl.
bamboleo nm swaying. baar vt 1 (lavar) to bath: me bao cada
maana I have a bath every morning. 2
bamb nm bamboo. (cubrir) to coat: ba los pasteles en choco
banal adj trivial. late she coated the cakes in chocolate.
banana nf banana. P vpr baarse to bathe; (nadar) to
banca nf 1 com banking; (bancos) (the) have a swim, go for a swim.
banks pl. 2 (en juego) bank. baera nf bath, bathtub.
bancada nf 1 (banco) long bench. 2 (su- baista nm o nf bather, swimmer.
perficie) work surface. bao nm 1 (gen) bath; (en piscina, mar)
bancal nm 1 (en pendiente) terrace. 2 (en dip, swim. 2 (cuarto) bathroom; (servi-
llano) plot. cio) toilet. 3 (baera) bath, bathtub.
bancarrota nf bankruptcy. l o c estar P nm pl baos (balneario) spa sing.
en bancarrota to be bankrupt. bar nm 1 (cafetera) caf, snack bar; (de
banco nm 1 bank. 2 (asiento) bench; (de bebidas alcohlicas) bar. 2 fs bar.
iglesia) pew. 3 (mesa) bench, work baraja nf (naipes) pack, deck.
 barajar
barajar vt (naipes) to shuffle.
baranda nf handrail, banister.
barandilla nf handrail, banister.
barato,a adj cheap.
P adv barato cheaply, cheap.
barba nf 1 anat chin. 2 (pelo) beard.
barbacoa nf barbecue.
barbaridad nf 1 (crueldad - cualidad) cru-
elty; (- acto) atrocity, act of cruelty. 2
(disparate) piece of nonsense.
barbarismo nm barbarism.
brbaro,a adj 1 hist barbarian. 2
(cruel) barbaric, savage, cruel. 3 fam
(esplndido) fantastic, terrific.
P nm & nf hist barbarian.
P adv brbaro : lo pasamos brbaro we
had a great time.
barbecho nm fallow land.
barbera nf barber's shop, barber's.
barbero nm barber.
barbilla nf chin.
barbo nm barbel.
barca nf boat, small boat.
barcaza nf lighter.
barco nm (gen) boat; (grande) ship.
bardo nm bard.
baremo nm 1 (para calcular) ready reck-
oner. 2 (tarifas) scale, table.
bartono nm baritone.
barman nm barman, us bartender.
barniz nm (para madera) varnish; (para
cermica) glaze.
barnizar vt (madera) to varnish; (cermi-
ca) to glaze.
barmetro nm barometer.
barn nm baron.
barquero,a nm & nf (hombre) boat-
man; (mujer) boatwoman.
barquillo nm (gen) wafer; (cucurucho)
cornet.
barra nf 1 (en bar, cafetera) bar. 2 (vara)
bar; (para cortinas) rod; (de bicicleta)
crossbar. 3 (de helado) block. 4 (de pan)
loaf. c o m p barra de labios lipstick.
barrabasada nf dirty trick.
barraca nf 1 (casita) cottage (typical in
Valencia and Murcia). 2 (puesto) stall; (case-
ta de feria) booth. 3 (chabola) shack.
42
barracn nm hut, large hut.
barranco nm 1 (precipicio) precipice. 2
(torrentera) gully; (ms profunda) ravine.
barranquismo nm canyoning.
barrendero,a nm & nf road sweep-
er.
barreno nm 1 (barrena) large drill. 2
(agujero) drill hole, bore hole.
barreo nm large bowl.
barrer vt 1 (suelo) to sweep; (hojas, mi-
gas, etc) to sweep up. 2 (limpiar) to
sweep away: el viento barri las nubes
del cielo the wind swept the clouds from
the sky.
barrera nf 1 (gen) barrier. 2 (en plaza de
toros - valla) barrier; (- asientos) front
row. 3 fig obstacle.
barricada nf barricade.
barriga nf belly, stomach, tummy.
barril nm barrel, keg.
barrio nm neighbourhood (us neigh-
borhood); (zona) district, area.
barrizal nm quagmire.
barro nm 1 (lodo) mud. 2 (arcilla) clay:
objetos de barro earthenware sing. 3 (obje-
to) earthenware object.
barroco,a adj 1 arte baroque. 2 fig
ornate.
barrote nm 1 bar. 2 (de escalera, silla)
rung.
barullo nm noise, din, racket.
basar vt to base (en, on).
P vpr basarse (cosa) to be based ( en,
on); (persona) to base oneself on.
bscula nf (gen) scales pl; (de farmacia)
weighing machine.
bascular vi 1 to tilt. 2 (oscilar) to swing.
3 (variar) to swing, alternate.
base nf 1 (gen) base. 2 fig basis. 3 qum
base, alkali. 4 mat base. 5 (en bisbol)
base. c o m p base de datos database.
P nf pl bases 1 (de concurso) rules. 2 las
bases (de partido, etc) grass roots.
bsico,a adj (gen) basic.
baslica nf basilica.
basta1 nf tacking stitch.
basta2 interj enough!, stop it!
 43
bastante adj 1 enough, sufficient. 2
(abundante) quite a lot of: haba bastan
te gente there were quite a lot of people.
P adv 1 enough: son lo bastante ricos co
mo para poder permitrselo they're rich
enough to be able to afford it. 2 (un poco)
fairly, quite: es bastante alto it's fairly
high. 3 (tiempo) some time, quite a
while.
bastar vi to be enough, be sufficient,
suffice: mi sueldo no basta para pagar el
alquiler my salary is not enough to pay
the rent. l o c bastar con to be enough:
es muy concentrado, basta con una gota it's
highly concentrated, one drop is
enough.
bastidor nm 1 frame. 2 (de lienzo)
stretcher. 3 (de coche) chassis. 4 teat
wing.
basto1 nm club.
P nm pl bastos clubs: el as de bastos
the ace of clubs.
basto,a2 adj 1 (grosero) coarse, rough.
2 (sin pulimentar) rough, unpolished.
bastn nm 1 stick, walking stick, us
cane. 2 (de esqu) stick, ski stick.
basura nf 1 (cosa) rubbish, us garbage.
2 (persona despreciable) swine. l o c sacar
la basura to put the rubbish out.
basurero nm 1 (persona) dustman, us
garbage man. 2 (lugar) tip, rubbish
dump.
bata nf 1 (prenda ligera) housecoat; (al-
bornoz) dressing gown, us robe. 2 (de
trabajo) overall; (de mdicos, etc) white
coat.
batalla nf battle.
batallar vi to battle, fight.
batalln nm 1 mil battalion. 2 (multitud)
horde.
batata nf bot sweet potato.
bate nm bat.
batear vi to bat.
P vt to hit.
batera nf 1 (elctrica) battery. 2 teat
footlights pl. 3 (conjunto de cosas) set;
(de preguntas) barrage. 4 ms drums pl.
P nm o nf drummer. l o c recargar las ba
teras to recharge one's batteries. c o m p
batera de cocina pots and pans pl.
becario
batido,a nm batido 1 culin beaten
eggs. 2 (bebida) milk shake.
batidor,ra nm culin (manual) whisk.
batidora nf blender, mixer. B
batir vt 1 (huevos) to beat; (nata, claras) to
whip. 2 (palmas) to clap. 3 (metales) to
beat. 4 (alas) to flap, beat. 5 (derribar)
to knock down. 6 (vencer) to beat, de-
feat. 7 dep (marca, rcord) to break.
P vpr batirse to fight.
batracio,a adj batrachian.
P nm batracio batrachian.
batuta nf baton. l o c llevar la batuta to
be the boss.
bal nm (cofre) chest; (de viaje) trunk.
bautismo nm baptism, christening.
bautizar vt 1 to baptize, christen. 2
(poner nombre a) to name.
bautizo nm baptism, christening.
bauxita nf bauxite.
baya nf berry.
bayeta nf 1 baize. 2 (pao) cloth.
bayo,a adj bay, whitish yellow.
P nm bayo (caballo) bay.
baza nf 1 (naipes) trick. 2 (ventaja) asset,
advantage. 3 (ocasin) chance. l o c
meter baza fig to butt in, stick one's
oar in.
bazar nm 1 (oriental) bazaar. 2 (tienda)
electrical goods and hardware
shop.
beatificar vt to beatify.
beato,a adj 1 (beatificado) blessed. 2
(devoto) devout.
beb nm baby. c o m p beb probeta test-
tube baby.
bebedero,a nm 1 (abrevadero) water
trough. 2 (vasija) drinking dish.
beber vt to drink.
P vi 1 to drink. 2 (emborracharse) to
drink, drink heavily: bebe mucho he's
a heavy drinker.
bebida nf drink, beverage.
beca nf (gen) grant; (concedida por mritos)
scholarship, award.
becar vt (gen) to award a grant to; (por
mritos) to award a scholarship to.
becario,a nm & nf grant holder,
scholarship holder.
becerro
becerro,a nm & nf calf (up to one year
old).
bechamel nf bchamel sauce, white
sauce.
bedel,la nm & nf porter.
beduino,a nm & nf Bedouin.
begonia nf begonia.
beicon nm bacon.
beige adj beige.
P nm beige.
bisbol nm baseball.
beln nm rel nativity scene, crib.
belga adj Belgian.
P nm & nf Belgian.
Blgica nf Belgium.
Belice nm Belize.
blico,a adj military. c o m p conflicto
blico armed conflict, war.
belleza nf beauty.
bello,a adj beautiful.
bellota nf acorn.
bemol adj ms flat.
P nm ms flat.
bencina nf 1 qum benzine. 2 (combusti-
ble) petrol, us gasoline.
bendecir vt to bless.
bendicin nf blessing.
P nf pl bendiciones wedding ceremo-
ny sing.
bendito,a adj 1 (bienaventurado) bless-
ed. 2 (feliz) happy: bendita la hora en
que la conoc! happy the hour I met her! 3
(poco inteligente) simple.
P nm & nf simple soul.
benefactor,ra adj beneficent.
P nm & nf (hombre) benefactor; (mujer)
benefactress.
beneficiar vt 1 to benefit, favour (us
favor). 2 (mina) to work. 3 com to sell
below par.
P vpr beneficiarse 1 to benefit. 2 com
to profit. l o c beneficiarse de algo to
do well out of sth, benefit from sth.
beneficiario,a nm & nf beneficiary.
beneficio nm 1 (ganancia) profit. 2 (bien)
benefit. l o c a beneficio de in aid of.
y sacar beneficio de to profit from.
beneficioso,a adj beneficial.
44
benfico,a adj charitable. c o m p fun
cin benfica charity performance.
benevolencia nf 1 benevolence,
kindness. 2 (comprensin) understand-
ing.
benvolo,a adj 1 benevolent, kind.
2 (comprensivo) understanding.
bengala nf (para fiestas, etc) sparkler.
benigno,a adj 1 (persona) benign,
gentle. 2 (tumor) benign. 3 (clima)
mild.
benjamn,ina nm & nf (en familia - gen)
youngest child.
P adj dep of the youngest age group (9 or 10
years old).
berberecho nm cockle, common
cockle.
berenjena nf aubergine, us eggplant.
berilo nm beryl.
bermudas nm pl Bermudas, Bermuda
shorts.
berrear vi 1 (becerro) to bellow. 2 (perso-
na) to bawl; (nio) to howl, bawl.
berrido nm 1 (de becerro) bellow. 2 (de
persona) howl.
berrinche nm rage, tantrum, anger.
l o c hacer un berrinche to throw a
tantrum.
berro nm watercress.
berza nf cabbage.
besamel nf bechamel, white sauce.
besar vt to kiss.
P vpr besarse (uso recproco) to kiss.
beso nm kiss.
bestia nf (animal) beast.
P nm o nf (persona - bruto) brute; (- igno-
rante) ignorant fool; (- torpe) clumsy
oaf.
P adj 1 (bruto) brutish. 2 (ignorante) ig-
norant; (grosero) rude; (torpe) clumsy. 3
(asombroso) fantastic, amazing. l o c a
lo bestia 1 (fuerte) hard. 2 (a lo loco) like
a madman. 3 (en cantidad) in enor-
mous amounts.
bestial adj 1 (brutal) beastly, bestial. 2
fam (enorme) enormous.
bestiario nm bestiary.
best-seller nm best-seller.
besucn,ona adj fond of kissing.

besugo nm (pez) sea bream.
besuquear vt to kiss again and again.
betn nm (para zapatos) shoe polish.
bianual adj biannual.
bibern nm baby's bottle, bottle.
Biblia nf Bible.
bibliografa nf bibliography.
biblioteca nf 1 library. 2 (mueble)
bookcase, bookshelf.
bibliotecario,a nm & nf librarian.
bicarbonato nm bicarbonate.
bicentenario,a nm bicentenary,
bicentennial.
bceps nm inv biceps.
bicho nm (animal) animal, creature; (in-
secto) bug, creepy-crawly.
bici nf fam bike.
bicicleta nf bicycle. c o m p bicicleta de
carreras racing bike. y bicicleta de
montaa mountain bike.
bicolor adj two-coloured ( us two-
colored).
bid nm bidet.
bidn nm drum.
biela nf auto connecting rod.
bien adv 1 (gen) well: canta bien she sings
well. 2 (como es debido) properly, right: si
no pronuncias bien, no te van a entender if
you don't pronounce the words properly,
they won't understand you. 3 (acertada-
45 binomio
we'll send it to you either by post or by
messenger.
bienal adj biennial.
P nf biennial exhibition, biennial B
festival.
bienestar nm wellbeing, welfare:
bienestar social social welfare.
bienhechor,ra adj beneficent, bene-
ficial.
bienio nm (periodo) two-year period,
biennium.
bienvenido,a adj welcome.
us
bfido,a adj forked.
bifocal adj bifocal. c o m p gafas bifocales
bifocals.
bifurcacin nf (de la carretera) fork; (de
ferrocarril) junction.
bigamia nf bigamy.
bigote nm 1 moustache ( us mus-
tache). 2 (de gato) whiskers pl.
bigotudo,a adj mustachioed.
bikini nm biquini.
bilabial adj bilabial.
bilateral adj bilateral.
biliar adj biliary, bile.
bilinge adj bilingual.
bilingismo nm bilingualism.
bilis nf inv 1 bile. 2 fig spleen.
billar nm 1 billiards. 2 (mesa) billiard
table. c o m p billar americano pool.

mente) right, correctly: contest bien a to P nm pl billares billiard room.

das las preguntas she answered all the ques- billete nm 1 (moneda) note, us bill: un
tions correctly. 4 (de acuerdo) O.K., all billete de cincuenta euros a fifty-euro note.
right: -ven maana a las dos, -bien -come 2 (de transporte, sorteo, teatro, etc) ticket.
tomorrow at two, -all right. 5 (mucho) c o m p billete de ida y vuelta return

very: es bien sencillo it's really simple. 6 (de ticket, us round-trip ticket.
gusto, olor, aspecto, etc) good, nice, lovely: billetera nf wallet, us billfold.
esta cerveza est muy bien this beer's very billetero nm purse, us change purse.
good. 7 (de salud) well: te encuentras bien? billn nm trillion.
are you feeling all right? 8 (fsicamente)
good-looking: su novio est muy bien her . El uso espaol coincide con el antiguo
boyfriend's very good-looking. l o c hacer significado britnico en el que un billion
bien to do good. y ya est bien! that's era a million million.
enough!
P nm pl bienes property sing, posses- binario,a adj binary.
sions. c o m p bienes inmuebles real es- bingo nm 1 (juego) bingo. 2 (sala) bingo
tate sing. hall. loc bingo! bingo!
P conj bien bien either or: se lo en binculo nm pince-nez.
viaremos bien por correo, bien por mensajero binomio nm binomial.
biodegradable 46

biodegradable adj biodegradable. bizcocho nm sponge, sponge cake.

biografa nf biography. biznieto,a nm & nf bisnieto,a.
biogrfico,a adj biographical. bizquear vi to squint, be cross-eyed.
bigrafo,a nm & nf biographer. blanco,a adj white.
biologa nf biology. P nm & nf (gen) white; (hombre) white
biolgico,a adj biological. man; (mujer) white woman.
P nm blanco 1 (color) white. 2 (objetivo)
bilogo,a nm & nf biologist.
biomasa nf biomass. target, mark. 3 fig object: fue el blanco
de todas sus crticas he was the target of
biombo nm screen, folding screen. all their criticism. 4 (hueco) blank, gap;
biopsia nf biopsy. (en escrito) blank space. 5 (vino) white
bioqumica nf biochemistry. wine.
biosfera nf biosphere. blancura nf whiteness.
bixido nm dioxide. blando,a adj (gen) soft.
bpedo,a adj biped. blandura nf softness.
biplaza nm two-seater. blanquear vt 1 to whiten, make
bipolar adj bipolar. white. 2 (con cal) to whitewash. 3 (con
biquini nm (traje de bao) bikini. leja) to bleach.
Birmania nf Burma. P vi to whiten, turn white.

birria nf rubbish. blanquecino,a adj whitish, off-

bis adv 1 (en direccin): viven en el 23 bis white.
they live at 23A. 2 ms repeat, bis. blanqueo nm 1 whitening. 2 (con cal)
bisabuelo,a nm & nf great-grandpar- whitewashing.
ent; (hombre) great-grandfather; (mu- bledo nm common amaranth. l o c me
jer) great-grandmother. importa un bledo fam I don't care
bisagra nf hinge. less, I couldn't give a damn.
biscote nm piece of Melba toast. blindado,a adj armoured ( us ar-
biseccin nf bisection. mored). c o m p puerta blindada rein-
bisectriz nf bisector. forced door.
bisel nm bevel. blindaje nm 1 armour (us armor), ar-
mour-plating (us armor-plating). 2
biselado,a adj bevelled (us beveled).
(de puerta) reinforcing.
bisiesto adj leap. c o m p ao bisiesto blindar vt 1 to armour-plate (us ar-
leap year.
mor-plate). 2 (puerta) to reinforce.
bislabo,a adj two-syllabled. bloc nm notepad, pad.
bismuto nm bismuth. bloque nm 1 block. 2 (papel) pad,
bisnieto,a nm & nf great-grandchild; notepad. l o c en bloque en bloc.
(chico) great-grandson; (chica) great- bloquear vt (gen) to block: esto podra
granddaughter. bloquear el proceso de paz this could block
bisonte nm bison. the peace process.
bistec nm steak. P vpr bloquearse (persona) to have a
bistur nm scalpel. mental block.
bisutera nf costume jewellery (us bloqueo nm 1 (gen) blocking. 2 mil
jewelry). blockade. 3 (precios, cuenta) freezing.
bit nm inform bit (unidad informtica). blues nm inv blues.
biunvoco,a adj one-to-one. blusa nf blouse.
bivalente adj bivalent. boa nf (serpiente) boa.
bivalvo,a adj bivalve, bivalvular. bobada nf silliness, foolishness. l o c
bizco,a adj cross-eyed. decir bobadas to talk nonsense.
 47
bobina nf 1 reel, bobbin. 2 elec coil.
bobo,a adj silly, foolish.
P nm & nf fool.
boca nf 1 anat mouth. 2 (abertura) en-
trance, opening: hay una boca de metro
en la esquina there's an entrance to the
underground on the corner. l o c boca
abajo face downwards. y callarse la
boca to shut up, shut one's mouth.
c o m p boca a boca kiss of life.
bocacalle nf entrance to a street.
bocadillo nm sandwich.
bocado nm 1 mouthful. 2 (piscolabis)
snack, bite to eat. 3 (mordedura) bite.
bocajarro l o c a bocajarro 1 (disparar)
at point-blank range. 2 (decir algo)
point-blank.
bocata nm fam sandwich, sarnie.
boceto nm sketch; (proyecto) outline.
bochorno nm 1 (calor) sultry weather,
close weather; (viento) hot wind. 2 fig
(rubor) embarrassment, shame.
bochornoso,a adj 1 (sofocante) hot,
sultry. 2 fig (vergonzoso) disgraceful,
shameful.
bocina nf horn.
boda nf marriage, wedding.
bodega nf 1 (almacn) wine cellar. 2
(tienda) wine shop. 3 (de barco) hold.
bodegn nm still life.
body nm body.
bofetada nf slap, slap in the face.
bofetn nm hard slap.
boga nf vogue.
bogavante nm lobster.
bohemio,a adj (vida, etc) bohemian.
P nm & nf (artista, etc) bohemian.
boicot nm (no participacin) boycott.
boicotear vt (no participar) to boycott.
boina nf beret.
boj nm 1 (rbol) box tree. 2 (madera)
boxwood.
bol nm bowl.
bola nf 1 (gen) ball. 2 fam fib, lie.
bolera nf bowling alley.
boletn nm 1 (revista) periodical. 2 (de
noticias) bulletin, news bulletin. 3 (im-
preso) form. 4 (de colegio) report.
bono
boleto nm 1 ticket. 2 (quiniela) coupon.
boli nm fam ballpen, biro.
blido nm fam (coche) racing car.
bolgrafo nm ballpoint pen. B
bolvar nm bolivar (monetary unit of
Venezuela).
Bolivia nf Bolivia.
boliviano,a adj Bolivian.
P nm & nf Bolivian.
bollo nm 1 (dulce) pastry, bun. 2 (abolla-
dura) dent.
bolo nm skittle, ninepin.
P nm pl bolos skittles.
bolsa1 nf (gen) bag: tiene una bolsa de
plstico? have you got a plastic bag?
c o m p bolsa de aseo toilet bag. y bolsa
de deportes sports bag.
bolsa2 nf stock exchange.
bolsillo nm pocket. l o c de bolsillo
pocket: una calculadora de bolsillo a
pocket calculator.
bolso nm handbag, us purse.
bomba nf 1 (explosivo) bomb. 2 (noticia)
bombshell. 3 pump. l o c pasarlo
bomba to have a whale of a time.
bombardear vt 1 (desde el aire) to
bomb. 2 fig to bombard: me bombar
dearon a preguntas they bombarded me
with questions.
bombardeo nm (desde el aire) bombing.
bombardero nm bomber.
bombear vt (agua) to pump.
bombero,a nm (gen) firefighter; (hom-
bre) fireman; (mujer) firewoman.
bombilla nf light bulb, bulb.
bombn nm (sombrero) bowler hat.
bombo nm (tambor) bass drum.
bombn nm chocolate.
bombona nf cylinder. c o m p bombona
de butano butane cylinder.
bonachn,ona adj kind.
bondad nf kindness.
bondadoso,a adj kind, good.
boniato nm sweet potato.
bonito nm (pez) bonito.
bonito,a adj lovely, nice.
bono nm 1 (vale) voucher. 2 (billete)
ticket.
bonobs
bonobs nm multiple-journey bus ticket.
bonoloto nm Spanish state-run lottery.
boiga nf cow dung.
boquern nm (pez) anchovy.
boquete nm hole.
boquiabierto,a adj open-mouthed,
agape.
boquilla nf 1 (de pipa, instrumento)
mouthpiece. 2 (filtro de cigarrillo) tip.
borbotear vi to bubble.
borbotn nm bubbling.
bordado,a nm embroidery.
bordar vt to embroider.
borde1 adj (antiptico) unpleasant.
borde2 nm 1 (extremo) edge. 2 (de vaso,
taza) rim.
bordear vt to skirt, go round.
bordillo nm kerb, us curb.
bordo nm mar board. l o c a bordo on
board.
boreal adj boreal, northern.
brico,a adj boric.
borla nf tassel.
borrachera nf drunken state.
borracho,a adj (persona) drunk.
P nm & nf drunkard, drunk.
borrador nm. 1 (de pizarra) duster. 2
(goma) eraser, gb rubber.
borrar vt 1 to erase, rub out. 2 inform
to delete.
borrasca nf (tormenta) storm.
borrego,a nm & nf lamb.
borrn nm blot, ink blot.
borroso,a adj (visin) blurred, hazy.
Bosnia nf Bosnia. c o m p Bosnia-Herze
govina Bosnia Herzegovina.
bosnio,a adj Bosnian.
P nm & nf Bosnian.
bosque nm wood, forest.
bosquejar vt to sketch, outline.
bosquejo nm (dibujo) sketch; (plan, etc)
outline.
bostezar vi to yawn.
bostezo nm yawn.
bota1 nf boot. c o m p botas de agua gum
boots, us rubber boots.
bota2 nf (de vino) wineskin.
48
botnico,a adj botanical.
botar vi 1 (pelota) to bounce. 2 (persona)
to jump, jump up and down.
bote1 nm mar small boat. c o m p bote
salvavidas lifeboat.
bote2 nm (salto) bounce.
bote3 nm 1 (lata) tin, can. 2 (tarro) jar. 3
(para propinas) jar for tips, box for
tips. 4 (fondo) kitty.
botella nf 1 bottle. 2 (de gas) cylinder.
botelln nm small bottle.
botijo nm earthenware jar (with spout
and handle for drinking).
botn1 nm (zapato) ankle boot.
botn2 nm 1 (de guerra) spoils pl, booty.
2 (de robo) haul.
botiqun nm first-aid kit.
botn nm (gen) button.
bveda nf vault.
boxeador,ra nm & nf boxer.
boxear vi to box.
boxeo nm boxing.
bxer nm (perro) boxer.
boya nf 1 mar buoy. 2 (corcho) float.
boyante adj fig prosperous.
bozal nm muzzle.
bracear vi (nadar) to swim.
braga nf (prenda) panties pl, knickers pl.
bragueta nf fly, flies pl.
braille nm Braille.
bramar vi to bellow.
branquia nf gill.
brasa nf ember, live coal.
brasero nm brazier.
Brasil nm Brazil.
brasileo,a adj Brazilian.
P nm & nf Brazilian.
bravo,a adj (animal) wild, fierce.
bravo,a adj (fiero) fierce, ferocious.
P interj bravo! well done!, bravo!
bravura nf (fiereza) fierceness.
braza nf (natacin) breaststroke.
brazada nf (natacin) stroke.
brazalete nm bracelet, bangle.
brazo nm (de persona) arm.
P nm pl brazos hands, workers.
brea nf tar, pitch.
 49
brebaje nm brew, potion.
brecha nf 1 break, opening. 2 fig
breach.
breve adj short, brief. loc en breve
soon, shortly.
brevedad nf brevity, briefness.
brezo nm heather, heath.
bricolaje nm do-it-yourself, DIY.
brida nf (de caballo) bridle.
bridge nm bridge.
brigada nf (unidad militar) brigade.
brillante adj 1 (extraordinario) brilliant:
un alumno brillante a brilliant student. 2
(pelo, metal, zapatos) shiny; (ojos) spar-
kling; (luz, color) bright; (pintura)
gloss.
P nm (diamante) diamond.
brillantina nf brilliantine.
brillar vi 1 (luz, sol, luna, pelo, zapatos) to
shine. 2 (ojos) to sparkle; (estrella) to
twinkle; (metal, dientes) to gleam; (cosa
hmeda) to glisten. 3 fig to be out-
standing.
brillo nm 1 (gen) shine. 2 (de estrella)
twinkling; (de ojos) sparkle; (de pelo,
zapatos) shine. 3 (en televisor) bright-
ness.
brincar vi (cabra, etc) to skip; (persona) to
leap, bound.
brinco nm (de cabra) skip, hop; (de perso-
na) leap, bound.
brindar vi to toast ( por, to), drink
(por, to): brindemos por el futuro! let's
drink to the future!
P vt (ofrecer) to offer, provide.
P vpr brindarse to offer (a, to), volun-
teer (a, to).
brindis nm inv toast.
brisa nf breeze.
britnico,a adj British.
P nm & nf British person, Briton, Brit-
isher.
brizna nf (gen) bit; (de hierba) blade.
broca nf (barrena) drill, bit.
brocha nf brush, paintbrush.
brochazo nf brushstroke.
broche nm 1 (cierre) fastener. 2 (joya)
brooch.
buen
broma nf joke: no es broma It's not a
joke.
bromear vi to joke.
bromista nm o nf joker. B
bronca nf 1 (lo) row. 2 (pelea) quarrel;
(discusin) argument. 3 (reprimenda)
telling-off.
bronce nm bronze.
bronceado,a adj bronzed.
P nm bronceado tan, suntan.
bronceador,ra nm suntan lotion.
broncear vt (persona) to tan, suntan.
P vpr broncearse to tan, get a tan.
bronquio nm bronchus.
bronquitis nf inv bronchitis.
brotar vi (plantas - nacer) to sprout;
(- echar brotes) to come into bud.
brote nm shoot, sprout.
broza nf 1 (hojas) dead leaves; (ramitas)
dead twigs. 2 (maleza) scrub, brush.
bruces l o c caerse de bruces to fall flat
on one's face.
bruja nf (hechicera) witch.
brujera nf witchcraft, sorcery.
brujo,a nm wizard, sorcerer.
brjula nf compass.
bruma nf mist.
bruido,a adj burnished.
brusco,a adj 1 (repentino) sudden. 2
(persona) abrupt.
brusquedad nf 1 (de carcter) abrupt-
ness. 2 (rapidez) suddenness.
brutal adj (cruel) brutal, savage.
brutalidad nf (crueldad) brutality.
bruto,a adj 1 (cruel) brutal. 2 (necio)
stupid, thick. 3 (tosco) rough, coarse.
P nm & nf (persona - violenta) brute,
beast; (necio) ignoramus.
bucal adj oral, mouth.
bucanero nm buccaneer.
bucear vi to dive.
bucle nm 1 curl. 2 inform loop.
buclico,a adj bucolic.
budismo nm Buddhism.
budista adj Buddhist.
P nm o nf Buddhist.
buen adj bueno,a.
bueno
bueno,a adj 1 (gen) good. 2 (persona -
amable) kind; (- agradable) nice. 3 (tiem-
po) good, nice. 4 (apropiado) right,
suitable. 5 (de salud) well.
P interj bueno! (sorpresa) well, very
well; (de acuerdo) all right!
buey nm ox, bullock.
bfalo nm buffalo.
bufanda nf scarf.
bufar vi (toro) to snort.
buf nm buffet.
bufete nm (de abogado) lawyer's office.
bufido nm snort.
bufn,ona nm & nf buffoon, jester.
buhardilla nf attic.
bho nm owl.
buitre nm vulture.
buja nf (de motor) spark plug.
bulbo nm bulb.
bulevar nm boulevard.
Bulgaria nf Bulgaria.
blgaro,a adj Bulgarian.
P nm & nf (persona) Bulgarian.
P nm blgaro (idioma) Bulgarian.
bulldozer nm bulldozer.
bullicio nm 1 (ruido) noise, racket. 2 (tu-
multo) bustle, hustle and bustle.
bullicioso,a adj (ruidoso) noisy.
bulto nm 1 (tamao) volume, size,
bulk. 2 (forma) shape, form. 3 (abulta-
miento - en cosa) bulge; (- en piel) lump.
bum interj boom!
bumern nm boomerang.
bungalow nm bungalow.
bnker nm bunker.
buuelo nm fritter.
buque nm mar ship, vessel.
50
burbuja nf bubble. loc con burbujas
(bebida) fizzy.
burbujear vi to bubble.
burdo,a adj 1 (tejido) coarse, rough. 2
(persona) coarse, crude.
burgus,esa nm & nf middle-class.
burguesa nf middle class.
burla nf 1 (mofa) mockery, gibe. 2
(broma) joke. 3 (engao) deception,
trick.
burlar vt 1 to deceive, trick. 2 (eludir)
to dodge, evade.
P vpr burlarse to mock (de, -), make
fun (de, of), laugh (de, at).
burln,ona nm & nf joker.
burocracia nf bureaucracy.
burcrata nm o nf bureaucrat.
burrada nf 1 drove of asses. 2 fam a
lot: me gusta una burrada I love it.
burro,a adj stupid.
P nm & nf 1 (animal) donkey, ass. 2 (per-
sona ignorante) ass.
bus nm 1 auto bus. 2 inform bus.
busca nf search, hunt.
buscapersonas nm bleeper, pager.
buscar vt 1 (gen) to look for, search
for. 2 (en lista, ndice, etc) to look up:
bscalo en el diccionario look it up in the
dictionary. 3 (ir por algo/alguien) to go
and get, fetch. 4 (recoger) to pick up.
bsqueda nf search.
busto nm (figura) bust.
butaca nf (silln) armchair.
butacn nm easy chair.
butano nm butane.
buzo nm diver.
buzn nm letter box, us mailbox.
byte nm inform byte.

51
C, c nf (la letra) C, c.
C1 sm (Celsius) Celsius; (smbolo) C.
C2 sm (centgrado) centigrade; (smbo-
lo) C.
cabal adj 1 (exacto) exact, precise. 2 fig
(persona) honest, upright.
cbala nf 1 (ciencia oculta) cabala, cab-
bala. 2 [en este sentido, tambin se usa en
plural con el mismo significado] fig (conje-
tura) guess, divination. 3 fig (intriga)
plot.
cabalgar vi to ride (en/sobre, -).
cabalgata nf cavalcade.
caballa nf mackerel.
caballera nf 1 mil cavalry. 2 hist
knighthood.
caballero,-a nm 1 gentleman, sir. 2
hist knight.
caballete nm easel.
caballito nm small horse. c o m p caballi
to de mar sea horse.
P nm pl caballitos (tiovivo) merry-go-
round sing, us carrousel sing.
caballo nm 1 zool horse. 2 (ajedrez)
knight.
cabaa nf (choza) cabin, hut, shack.
cabecear vi 1 to move one's head,
shake one's head. 2 (dar cabezadas) to
nod.
cabecera nf 1 (gen) top, head. 2 (de un
peridico) headline.
cabecilla nm o nf leader.
cabellera nf hair, head of hair.
cabello nm hair.
caber vi 1 (encajar) to fit (en, into): cabe
ah arriba it'll fit up there. 2 (pasar) to fit,
go. 3 mat to go: ocho entre dos caben a
cuatro two into eight goes four times,
eight divided by two is four.
C
cabeza nf 1 (gen) head: diez mil por cabe
za ten thousand a head. 2 fig (juicio)
good judgement; (talento) talent, in-
telligence. l o c cabeza abajo upside
down. y estar mal de la cabeza fig not
to be right in the head. y meterse al-
go en la cabeza fam to get sth into
one's head. c o m p cabeza cuadrada
fam bigot. y cabeza de ajo bulb of
garlic. y cabeza rapada skinhead.
cabezada nf (golpe recibido) blow on the
head; (golpe dado) butt, head butt. l o c
dar cabezadas fam to nod.
cabezal nm tc head, headstock.
cabina nf (gen) cabin, booth. c o m p ca
bina telefnica telephone box, us tel-
ephone booth.
cable nm (maroma) cable.
cabo nm 1 (extremo) end, stub. 2 fig
end: al cabo de un mes in a month's time.
3 (cuerda) rope, line. 4 geog cape. l o c
al cabo finally. y llevar a cabo to carry
out.
cabra nf goat. l o c estar como una ca
bra fam to be off one's rocker, be
nuts.
cabrearse vpr fam to get very angry.
cabrito nm zool kid.
caca nf 1 fam euf (excremento) pooh. 2
fam (en lenguaje infantil) dirt.
cacahuete nm (fruto) peanut.
cacao nm 1 bot cacao. 2 (polvo, bebida)
cocoa. 3 fam (jaleo) mess, cockup.
cacarear vi (gallina) to cluck; (gallo) to
crow.
cacata nf (ave) cockatoo.
cacera nf hunting, hunt.
cacerola nf saucepan, casserole.
cachalote nm sperm whale.
 cacharro
cacharro nm 1 (de cocina) crock, piece
of crockery. 2 fam (cosa) piece of
junk. 3 fam pey (coche) banger.
cachemira nf (tejido) cashmere.
cachete nm (bofetada) slap.
cacho nm fam bit, piece.
cachorro,-a nm & nf (de perro) pup,
puppy; (de gato) kitten; (de len, oso, zo-
rro, tigre) cub; (de otros mamferos) young.
cacique nm 1 (jefe indio) chief, cacique.
2 pol local political boss.
caco nm fam thief.
cacto nm cactus.
cada adj 1 (de dos) each; (de varios) eve-
ry. 2 fam (intensificador) such: dice cada
cosa! he says such strange things! l o c
cada da every day.
cadver nm corpse, cadaver, body,
dead body.
cadena nf 1 (gen) chain; (de perro) leash,
lead. 2 (montaosa) range. 3 (musical)
music centre (us center). 4 tv chan-
nel. 5 rad chain of stations. c o m p tra
bajo en cadena assembly-line work.
cadera nf hip.
caducar vi 1 (documento, etc) to expire:
mi pasaporte caduca este ao my passport
expires this year. 2 (alimento) to pass its
sell-by date.
caducidad nf expiry.
caer vi 1 (gen) to fall: caer de espalda to
fall on one's back. 2 (derrumbar) to fall
down, collapse. 3 (hallarse) to be: el
camino cae a la derecha the road is on the
right. 4 (coincidir fechas) to fall on, be: el
da cuatro cae en jueves the fourth falls on
a Thursday. l o c dejar caer to drop: de
j caer el vaso I dropped the glass.
P vpr caerse 1 (gen) to fall, fall down.
2 (desprenderse) to fall out: se le cae el pe
lo he's losing his hair. l o c caerse de
sueo fig to be dead on one's feet,
be ready to drop.
caf nm 1 (gen) coffee. 2 (cafetera) caf,
coffee bar, coffee shop. c o m p caf
con leche white coffee.
cafena nf caffeine.
cafetera nf 1 (para hacer caf) coffee-
maker. 2 (para servir caf) coffeepot.
52
cafetera nf (gen) snack bar, coffee
bar.
caimn nm alligator, cayman.
caja nf 1 (gen) box. 2 (de madera) chest;
(grande) crate. 3 (de bebidas) case. 4 (en
comercio) cash desk, till; (en banco)
cashier's desk; (en supermercado)
checkout. 5 (banco) bank: caja de aho
rros savings bank. c o m p caja registrado
ra cash register.
cajero,-a nm & nf cashier. c o m p cajero
automtico cash point, automatic
cash dispenser.
cajetilla nf 1 (de tabaco) packet, us
pack. 2 (de cerillas) box.
cajn nm 1 (en mueble) drawer. 2 (caja
grande) crate.
cal nf lime. c o m p cal viva quicklime.
cala nf 1 (ensenada) cove, creek. 2 (plan-
ta) arum lily.
calabacn nm 1 (pequeo) courgette, us
zucchini. 2 (grande) marrow, us
squash.
calabaza nf gourd, pumpkin.
calabozo nm 1 (prisin) jail, prison. 2
(celda) cell.
calamar nm squid.
calambre nm 1 (contraccin) cramp. 2
(descarga elctrica) electric shock.
calamidad nf (desgracia) calamity, dis-
aster.
calar vt (mojar) to soak through, soak,
drench.
P vpr calarse 1 (mojarse) to get soaked.
2 auto to stop, stall.
calavera nf (cabeza del esqueleto) skull.
calcetn nm sock.
clcico,-a adj calcium, calcic.
calcinar vt 1 to calcine. 2 fig to burn.
calcio nm calcium.
calcita nf calcite.
calcomana nf transfer.
calculador,-ra adj calculating.
P nm & nf calculator. c o m p calculadora
de bolsillo pocket calculator.
calcular vt 1 to calculate, work out:
calcular una suma to calculate a figure. 2
(suponer) to think, suppose, figure,
guess.
 53
clculo nm calculation, estimate.
caldera nf boiler.
calderilla nf small change.
caldo nm 1 culin stock, broth. 2 (sopa)
consomm.
calefaccin nf heating. c o m p calefac
cin central central heating.
calefactor nm (mquina) heater.
calendario nm calendar. c o m p calenda
rio acadmico school year.
calentador,-ra nm heater.
calentar vt 1 (comida, habitacin, cuerpo)
to warm up; (agua, horno) to heat. 2
dep to warm up, tone up.
calibre nm 1 (de arma) calibre. 2 fig (im-
portancia) importance.
calidad nf 1 quality. 2 (cualidad) kind,
types. loc de primera calidad first-
class.
clido,-a adj warm: un clima clido a
warm climate.
caliente adj (mayor intensidad) hot; (me-
nor intensidad) warm.
calificacin nf (nota) mark.
calificar vt 1 (determinar las cualidades) to
describe, qualify. 2 educ to mark,
grade.
caligrafa nf 1 (arte) calligraphy. 2 (es-
critura de una persona) handwriting.
c o m p ejercicios de caligrafa handwrit-
ing exercises.
cliz nm 1 rel chalice. 2 bot calyx. 3 lit
(copa) cup.
caliza nf limestone.
callar vi (no hablar) to be quiet, keep
quiet. l o c cllate! keep quiet!, be
quiet!
calle nf 1 street, road. 2 dep lane. l o c
dejar a algn en la calle 1 (sin trabajo) to
fire sb. 2 (sin casa) to leave sb home-
less.
callejero,-a adj (que gusta de callejear)
fond of wandering about.
P nm callejero (de calles) street directo-
ry.
callo nm med callus, corn.
calma nf calmness, calm, tranquillity
( us tranquility). l o c tomrselo con
calma to take it easy.
cambiar
calmante adj soothing, sedative,
tranquillizing (us tranquilizing).
calmar vt 1 (persona) to calm (down). 2
(dolor) to relieve, soothe.
P vpr calmarse 1 (persona) to calm
C
down. 2 (dolor, etc) to abate, ease off.
calor nm heat, warmth: hace calor it is
hot.
calora nf calorie.
caluroso,-a adj 1 (tiempo) warm, hot. 2
fig warm, enthusiastic.
calva nf 1 (de la cabeza) bald patch. 2 (de
un bosque) clearing.
calvo,-a adj (persona) bald.
calzada nf pavement, us sidewalk.
calzado nm footwear, shoes pl.
calzar vt 1 (poner calzado) to put shoes
on. 2 (llevar calzado) to wear: qu n
mero calzas? what size do you take?
P vpr calzarse (forma reflexiva) to put
(one's shoes) on.
calzoncillos nm pl pants.
cama nf (gen) bed. l o c guardar cama to
be confined to bed, stay in bed. y
hacer la cama to make the bed. y irse
a la cama to go to bed. c o m p cama de
matrimonio double bed. y cama indi
vidual single bed.
camada nf (gen) litter.
camalen nm chameleon.
cmara nf 1 (de parlamento) house. 2 (de
rueda) inner tube. 3 tc chamber. 4
(fotogrfica, de cine) camera. 5 anat cavi-
ty. c o m p cmara alta pol upper house.
y cmara baja pol lower house. y c
mara de aire air chamber. y cmara de
cine cine camera, (us movie camera).
P nm o nf (hombre) cameraman; (mujer)
camerawoman.
camarero,-a nm & nf (de bar, restaurante
- hombre) waiter; (mujer) waitress.
camarn nm common prawn.
camarote nm cabin.
cambiar vt 1 (gen) to change: han cam
biado las sillas the chairs have been
changed. 2 (intercambiar) to exchange.
3 (moneda extranjera) to change, ex-
change.
cambio
P vi1 (gen) to change: has cambiado mu
cho you have changed a lot.
P vpr cambiarse 1 (mudarse de ropa) to
change, get changed. 2 (mudarse de
casa) to move.
cambio nm 1 change, changing. 2 (in-
tercambio) exchange, exchanging. l o c
a cambio de in exchange for. y en cam
bio on the other hand, but, whereas.
camelia nf camellia.
camello nm zool camel.
camerino nm dressing room.
camilla nf (para enfermos) stretcher.
caminar vi (andar) to walk.
P vt (recorrer) to cover, travel: he cami
nado cinco kilmetros I have covered five
kilometres.
caminata nf long walk, trek.
camino nm 1 (va) path, track. 2 (ruta)
way, route. l o c ir camino de to be on
one's way to. y ponerse en camino to
set off (on a journey).
camin nm lorry, us truck. c o m p ca
min de mudanzas removal van.
camionero,-a nm & nf lorry driver, us
truck driver.
camioneta nf van.
camisa nf shirt.
camiseta nf 1 (ropa interior) vest, us un-
dershirt. 2 (niqui) T-shirt. 3 dep shirt,
jersey.
camisn nm nightdress, nightie.
campamento nm 1 (accin de acampar)
camping. 2 (lugar) camp.
campana nf 1 (gen) bell. 2 fam (extracto-
ra) extractor hood, (us stove extrac-
tor hood).
campanada nf stroke of a bell.
campanario nm belfry, bell tower.
campanilla nf 1 (gen) small bell. 2
anat uvula. 3 (flor) morning glory.
campaa nf 1 campaign: campaa elec
toral election campaign.
campechano,-na adj fam frank.
campen,-ona nm & nf champion.
campeonato nm championship.
campesino,-a nm & nf (gen) peasant;
(hombre) countryman; (mujer) coun-
trywoman.
54
camping nm camp site. l o c hacer cam
ping / ir de camping to go camping.
campia nf countryside.
campo nm 1 (campia) country, coun-
tryside: vivir en el campo to live in the
country. 2 (agricultura) field. 3 (de deportes)
field, pitch. 4 (espacio) space: en el cam
po de la medicina in the field of medicine.
campus nm inv campus.
camuflaje nm camouflage.
cana nf grey hair, white hair.
Canad nm Canada.
canadiense adj Canadian.
P nm & nf Canadian.
canal nm 1 (artificial) canal. 2 (natural)
channel.
P nm & nf tc channel.
canalizar vt to channel.
canalla nm o nf swine.
canaln nm (por el borde del tejado) gutter.
Canarias fpl las (islas) Canarias the Ca-
nary Islands, the Canaries.
canario,-a adj Canarian.
P nm& nf Canarian.
P nmcanario (pjaro) canary.
canasto nm (cesto) basket, hamper.
cancelar vt 1 (anular) to cancel. 2 (saldar
una deuda) to settle, pay.
cncer nm cancer.
cancergeno,-a adj carcinogenic.
cancha nf (gen) ground; (tenis) court.
canciller nm chancellor.
cancin nf song. c o m p cancin de cuna
lullaby.
candado nm padlock.
candidato,-a nm & nf candidate.
candidatura nf 1 (aspiracin) candida-
cy, candidature: present su candidatu
ra she put forward her candidature. 2
(lista de candidatos) list of candidates.
candidez nf ingenuousness, inno-
cence.
cndido,-a adj ingenuous, innocent.
candil nm oil lamp.
canela nf cinnamon.
cangrejo nm (de mar) crab.
canguro nm zool kangaroo.
P nm o nf fam baby-sitter.
 55
canbal nm o nf cannibal.
canica nf marble: jugar a las canicas to
play marbles.
canino,-a adj canine.
canjear vt to exchange.
canoa nf canoe; (bote) boat.
canon nm 1 (regla) canon, norm. 2 (can-
tidad de dinero) tax.
canoso,-a adj grey-haired (us gray-
haired).
cansado,-a adj 1 (gen) tired, weary:
estoy cansada I'm tired. 2 (que fatiga) tir-
ing: es un trabajo muy cansado it's a very
tiring job. 3 (harto) tired (de, of), fed
up (de, with).
cansancio nm tiredness, weariness.
cansar vt 1 (causar cansancio) to tire, tire
out, make tired. 2 (molestar) to an-
noy; (aburrir) to tire, bore.
P vi (causar cansancio) to be tiring.
P vpr cansarse (padecer cansancio) to get
tired, tire: se cans de correr he got tired
of running.
cantante nm o nf singer.
cantaor,-ra nm & nf flamenco singer.
cantar vt 1 to sing: cant una cancin
preciosa she sang a beautiful song. 2 (en
juegos de naipes) to call.
P vi 1 to sing. 2 (pjaros) to sing, chirp;
(insectos) to chirp.
cntaro nm (vasija) pitcher. l o c llover a
cntaros fig to rain cats and dogs.
cante nm ms singing.
cantera nf (de piedra) quarry.
cantero nm stonemason.
cntico nm canticle.
cantidad nf (gen) quantity; (de dinero)
amount, sum.
P adv fam a lot: llova cantidad it was
pouring with rain.
cantimplora nf water bottle.
cantina nf 1 (comedor) canteen. 2 (de es-
tacin) buffet.
canto nm 1 (arte) singing. 2 (cancin)
song. 3 (de cuchillo) blunt edge. 4 (es-
quina) corner. 5 (piedra) stone, peb-
ble. c o m p canto rodado 1 (grande) boul-
der. 2 (pequeo) pebble.
capitn
cantor,-ra adj singing. l o c pjaro can
tor songbird.
P nm & nf singer.
caa nf 1 (planta) reed. 2 (tallo) cane,
stem. 3 (de pescar) rod. 4 (de cerveza)
small glass of draught beer. c o m p ca C
a de azcar sugar cane.
caada nf 1 geog glen, dell, hollow. 2
(sendero) cattle track.
camo nm bot hemp.
caera nf piping.
cao nm (tubo) tube.
can nm 1 (de artillera) gun; (antigua-
mente) cannon. 2 (de arma) barrel. 3
geog canyon.
caoba nf mahogany.
caoln nm kaolin.
caos nm inv chaos.
catico,-a adj chaotic.
capa nf 1 (prenda) cloak, cape. 2 geol
stratum, layer. 3 (de pintura) coat; (de
polvo) layer; (de chocolate, etc) coating,
layer.
capacidad nf 1 (gen) capacity: hay capa
cidad para cinco personas there's room for
five people. 2 fig (habilidad) capability,
ability.
capacitar vt 1 (instruir) to train, qualify.
2 (autorizar) to qualify, entitle.
caparazn nm shell, carapace.
capataz,-za nm & nf (hombre) foreman;
(mujer) forewoman.
capaz adj 1 (competente) capable, able:
es una persona muy capaz she's very capa-
ble. 2 (cualificado) qualified. 3 (capaz)
capable (de, of): no es capaz de eso he's
incapable of doing that.
capazo nm 1 (cesto) basket. 2 (para beb)
carry cot.
capelln nm chaplain.
capica adj reversible.
capilla nf (iglesia) chapel.
capital nf capital, chief town.
capitalismo nm capitalism.
capitalista adj capitalist.
P nm o nf capitalist.
capitn,-ana nm & nf 1 (oficial) captain.
2 (jefe) leader, chief. 3 dep captain.
 capitanear
capitanear vt 1 (gen) to lead; (tropas) to
command. 2 (equipo) to captain. 3
(buque) to captain.
capitel nm capital, chapiter.
captulo nm 1 (gen) chapter. 2 fig (tema)
subject, matter.
cap nm bonnet, us hood.
capota nf (cubierta plegadiza) folding
hood, folding top.
capricho nm (deseo) whim, fancy.
caprichoso,-a adj capricious, whim-
sical, fanciful.
P nm & nf whimsical person.
cpsula nf (gen) capsule.
captar vt 1 (ondas) to receive. 2 (enten-
der) to understand, grasp. 3 (atraer a
personas) to attract, recruit.
captura nf capture.
capturar vt to capture, seize.
capucha nf hood.
capuchn nm (de estilogrfica, etc) cap.
capullo nm 1 (de insectos) cocoon. 2 bot
bud.
caqui adj khaki.
cara nf 1 (rostro) face. 2 (expresin) face,
expression. 3 (lado) side; (de moneda)
right side. 4 (superficie) face. 5 fig (aspec-
to) look. 6 fam fig (desvergenza) cheek,
nerve: vaya cara! what a cheek! l o c dar
la cara fig to face the consequences. y
poner buena cara to look pleased.
y c o m p cara de circunstancias fig serious
look. y cara dura fig cheek, nerve.
carabina nf (arma) carbine, rifle.
caracol nm (de tierra) snail.
caracola nf conch.
carcter nm 1 (personalidad) character.
2 (condicin) nature, kind. l o c tener
buen carcter to be good-natured.
caracterstico,-a adj characteristic.
carambola nf (billar) cannon, us carom.
caramelo nm (dulce) sweet, us candy.
caravana nf (expedicin) caravan. (atas-
co) traffic jam, tailback.
caray interj good heavens!, God!
carbn nm (gen) coal.
carboncillo nm charcoal.
56
carbnico,-a adj carbonic. c o m p anh
drido carbnico carbon dioxide.
carbonfero,-a adj carboniferous.
carbonilla nf (residuo de carbn) coal dust.
carbonizar vt 1 (reducir a carbn) to car-
bonize. 2 (quemar) to burn, char.
carbono nm carbon. c o m p dixido de
carbono carbon dioxide.
carburador nm carburettor (us carbu-
retor).
carcajada nf burst of laughter, guf-
faw. l o c rer(se) a carcajadas to laugh
one's head off, roar with laughter.
crcel nf jail, gaol, prison.
carcelero,-a adj prison, goal, jail.
carcoma nf (insecto) woodworm.
cardamomo nm cardamom.
cardenal (hematoma) bruise. nm rel car-
dinal.
cardiaco,-a adj cardiac, heart.
cardinal adj cardinal.
cardiologa nf cardiology.
cardilogo,-a nm & nf cardiologist.
cardo nm 1 bot (espinoso) thistle; (comes-
tible) cardoon.
carecer vi to lack (de, -).
carencia nf lack (de, of).
careta nf (mscara) mask. c o m p careta
antigs gas mask.
carey nm 1 (animal) sea turtle. 2 (concha)
tortoiseshell.
carga nf 1 (accin) loading. 2 (lo cargado)
load; (de avin, barco) cargo, freight.
cargado,-a adj 1 (atmsfera) heavy,
dense. 2 strong. 3 fig burdened,
weighed down: cargado,-a de responsabi
lidades weighed down with responsibility.
cargador,-ra nm 1 (de arma) magazine.
2 (de batera) battery charger. 3 (de plu-
ma, etc) filler.
cargamento nm (gen) load; (de avin,
barco) cargo, freight.
cargar vt 1 (poner peso) to load. 2 (arma,
mquina de fotos) to load. 3 elec to charge:
cargar las pilas to charge the batteries. 4
(pluma, etc) to fill. 5 inform to load.
P vi 1 (gen) to load. 2 (batera) to
charge. 3 (toro, elefante, etc) to charge.
4 (atacar) to charge (contra/sobre, -). 5
 57
cargar con (algo que pesa) to carry; (una
obligacin) to shoulder, take on.
P vpr cargarse 1 (llenarse) to load os
(de, with): cargarse de trabajo to burden
os with work. 2 elec to become
charged. 3 educ fam (suspender) to fail.
4 fam (destrozar) to smash, ruin. 5 fam
(matar) to knock off.
cargo nm 1 (peso) load, weight. 2 (em-
pleo) post, position. 3 (gobierno, custo-
dia) charge, responsibility. l o c hacer
se cargo de 1 (responsabilizarse de) to
take charge of. 2 (entender) to realize:
me hago cargo I realize that.
caricatura nf caricature.
caricia nf caress, stroke.
caridad nf charity.
caries nf inv (enfermedad) tooth decay,
caries pl; (lesin) cavity.
cario nm 1 (amor) love, affection. 2 (es-
mero) loving care. 3 (apelativo) darling,
love, us honey. l o c coger/tomar cari
o a algn/algo to grow fond of sb/sth.
carioso,-a adj loving, affectionate.
carisma nm charisma.
carismtico,-a adj charismatic.
carmn nm (pintalabios) lipstick.
carnada nf bait.
carnaval nm carnival.
carne nf 1 anat flesh. 2 culin meat. 3
(de fruta) pulp. 4 fig (cuerpo) flesh. c o m p
carne de cerdo pork. y carne de corde
ro lamb. y carne de ternera veal. y car
ne de vaca beef. y carne picada mince,
mincemeat, us ground meat, loose
meat.
carn nm card. c o m p carn de conducir
driving licence. y carn de identidad
identity card..
carnicera nf butcher's, butcher's
shop.
carnicero,-a nm & nf (profesin) butch-
er.
carnvoro,-a adj carnivorous.
P nm & nf carnivore.
caro,-a adj (costoso) expensive, dear.
P adv caro at a high price. l o c costar
caro,-a / salir caro,-a 1 (ser costoso) to
cost a lot. 2 (causar dao) to cost dear.
cartelera
carpa nf 1 (pez) carp. 2 (de circo) big top,
marquee.
carpeta nf (archivador) folder, file; (infor-
mtica) folder.
carpintera nf (obra y oficio) carpentry.
carpintero,-a nm & nf carpenter. C
carraca nf (instrumento) rattle.
carrera nf 1 (accin) run. 2 (trayecto - de
desfile) route; (- de taxi) ride, journey. 3
(camino) road. 4 dep race. 5 (estudios)
degree course, university educa-
tion. c o m p carrera contra reloj race
against the clock. y carrera diplomti
ca diplomatic career.
carreta nf cart.
carrete nm 1 (de hilo) bobbin, reel. 2
elec coil. 3 (de caa de pescar) reel. 4 (de
pelcula) spool; (de fotos) film, roll of
film. 5 (de mquina de escribir) cartridge.
carretera nf road. c o m p carretera na
cional A road, main road. y carretera
de circunvalacin ring road.
carretilla nf wheelbarrow.
carril nm 1 (de ferrocarril) rail. 2 (de carrete-
ra) lane. c o m p carril bus bus lane.
carrillo nm cheek.
carrito nm (para la compra) trolley, us
cart.
carro nm 1 (vehculo) cart. 2 (de supermer-
cado, aeropuerto) trolley, us cart.
carrocera nf body, bodywork.
carromato nm covered wagon.
carroa nf carrion.
carroero,-a adj carrion-eating.
carroza adj fam old, old-fashioned.
P nf (tirado por caballos) coach, carriage.
carruaje nm carriage, coach.
carrusel nm (tiovivo) merry-go-round,
us carrousel.
carta nf 1 (misiva) letter. 2 (naipe) card. 3
(minuta) menu. l o c a la carta la
carte. y echar una carta to post a let-
ter, us mail a letter.
cartabn nm set square, triangle.
cartel nm poster, bill.
cartelera nf (en peridicos) entertain-
ment section. l o c en cartelera run-
ning, on.
cartera
cartera nf 1 (monedero) wallet. 2 (de cole-
gial) satchel, school bag. 3 (de ejecutivo)
briefcase.
carterista nm o nf pickpocket.
cartero,-a nm & nf (hombre) postman;
(mujer) postwoman.
cartlago nm cartilage.
cartilla nf 1 (para aprender) first reader.
2 (cuaderno) book.
cartn nm 1 (material) cardboard. 2 (de
cigarrillos) carton. c o m p cartn piedra
papier-mch.
cartucho nm (de explosivo) cartridge.
cartulina nf thin cardboard.
casa nf 1 (vivienda) house. 2 (departamen-
to) flat. 3 (edificio) building. 4 (hogar)
home: nos quedamos en casa we stayed
at home. 5 (empresa) firm, company.
l o c buscar casa to go house-hunting.
casaca nf fitted short coat.
casado,-a adj married.
casar vt to marry.
P vi (casarse) to marry ( con , -), get
married (con, to).
P vpr casarse to get married (con, to)
marry (con, -).
cascabel nm bell.
cascada nf cascade, waterfall.
cascanueces nm inv nutcrackers pl.
cascar vt (romper) to crack.
P vpr cascarse (romperse) to crack.
cscara nf 1 (de huevo, nuez) shell. 2 (de
fruta) skin, peel.
cascarn nm eggshell.
cascarrabias nm o nf inv fam grumpy
person, bad-tempered person.
casco nm 1 (para la cabeza) helmet. 2
(envase) empty bottle. 3 (de barco) hull.
4 (de caballera) hoof.
casero nm 1 (casa) country house. 2
(pueblo) hamlet, small village.
casero,-a adj 1 (persona) home-loving.
2 (productos) home-made: pan casero
home-made bread.
P nm & nf (dueo - hombre) landlord;
(mujer) landlady.
caseta nf 1 (casita) hut, booth. 2 (de fe-
ria) stall, stand. 3 (de baistas) bathing
58
hut, us bath house. 4 (de perro) ken-
nel, doghouse.
casete nm (magnetfono) cassette play-
er, cassette recorder.
P nf (cinta) cassette, cassette tape.
casi adv almost, nearly: haba casi cin
cuenta personas there were almost fifty
people. l o c casi nunca hardly ever.
casilla nf 1 (casita) hut, lodge. 2 (de ca-
sillero) pigeonhole. 3 (cuadrcula)
square.
casillero nm pigeonholes pl.
casino nm casino.
casis nm inv blackcurrant bush.
caso nm 1 (ocasin) case, occasion. 2
(gramatical) case. l o c en caso de que if:
en caso de que te pierdas, llmame if you
get lost, call me. y en cualquier caso in
any case. y en todo caso anyhow, at
any rate.
caspa nf dandruff.
casquete nm (prenda) skullcap.
casquillo nm 1 tc ferrule, metal tip.
2 (de cartucho) case.
casta nf (linaje) lineage, descent.
castaa nf bot chestnut.
castaetear vi (dientes) to chatter.
castao,-a adj (pelo) brown.
P nm castao 1 bot (rbol) chestnut
tree. 2 (madera) chestnut.
castauela nf castanet.
castellano,-a adj Castilian.
P nm & nf (persona) Castilian.
P nm castellano (idioma) Castilian,
Spanish.
castigar vt (aplicar una pena) to punish.
castigo nm 1 (gen) punishment. 2 (en
deporte) penalty.
castillo nm castle.
casting nm casting, audition.
castizo,-a adj pure, authentic.
casto,-a adj chaste.
castor nm beaver.
casual adj accidental, chance.
casualidad nf 1 chance, accident. 2
(coincidencia) coincidence. l o c de ca
sualidad / por casualidad by chance.
cataclismo nm cataclysm.
 59
catacumbas nf pl catacombs.
cataln,-ana adj Catalan, Cataloni-
an.
P nm & nf (persona) Catalan.
P nm cataln (idioma) Catalan.
catalejo nm telescope.
catalogar vt 1 to catalogue (us cata-
log). 2 fig to classify, class.
catlogo nm catalogue (us catalog).
catamarn nm catamaran.
cataplasma nf poultice, cataplasm.
catapulta nf catapult.
catar vt 1 (probar) to taste. 2 (examinar)
to examine, inspect.
catarata nf 1 waterfall. 2 med cata-
ract.
catarro nm cold, catarrh: cog un catarro
I caught a cold.
catstrofe nf catastrophe.
catastrfico,-a adj catastrophic.
catear vt educ fam to fail, us flunk.
catecismo nm catechism.
ctedra nf (cargo de universidad) profes-
sorship; (de instituto) post of head of
department.
catedral nf cathedral.
catedrtico,-a nm & nf (de universidad)
professor; (de instituto) head of de-
partment.
categora nf category, class; (social)
class: un restaurante de primera categora
a first-class restaurant.
catequesis nf inv catechism.
cateto nm (de tringulo) side of a right-
angled triangle forming the right
angle.
catolicismo nm Catholicism.
catlico,-a adj Catholic.
catorce adj (cardinal) fourteen; (ordinal)
four
catorceavo,-a adj fourteenth.
P nm & nf fourteenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
catre nm (cama plegable) folding bed; (de
campaa) camp bed.
cauce nm 1 (de ro) bed. 2 fig (canal)
channel, way.
caucho nm rubber.
cebolleta
caudal nm (de ro) flow.
caudaloso,-a adj (ro) deep, plentiful.
causa nf 1 (gen) cause. 2 (motivo) cause,
reason, motive. l o c a causa de be-
C
cause of, on account of.
causar vt 1 (provocar) to cause, bring
about. 2 (proporcionar) to make, give.
custico,-a adj caustic.
cautela nf caution, cautiousness.
cauteloso,-a adj cautious, wary.
cauterizar vt to cauterize, fire.
cautivar vt to take prisoner, capture.
cautivo,-a adj captive.
cauto,-a adj cautious, wary.
cava nm (bebida) cava, champagne.
cavar vt to dig.
caverna nf cavern, cave.
caverncola nm o nf cave dweller,
caveman.
caviar nm caviar.
cavidad nf cavity.
cavilar vi think about, brood over.
caza nf 1 (accin) hunting. 2 (de animales)
game. l o c ir de caza to go hunting.
cazador,-ra nm & nf hunter.
cazadora nf (chaqueta) jacket.
cazar vt 1 to hunt. 2 fam (conseguir) to
catch, land.
cazo nm 1 (cucharn) ladle. 2 (cacerola)
saucepan.
cazuela nf 1 (utensilio) casserole, sauce-
pan. 2 (guiso) casserole, stew.
CE abrev (Comunidad Europea) Europe-
an Community; (abreviatura) EC.
cebada nf barley.
cebar vt 1 (animal) to fatten, fatten up.
2 (poner cebo) to bait.
P vpr cebarse fig (ensaarse) to show
no mercy (en/con, towards), take it
out (en/con, on), vent one's anger
(en/con, on).
cebo nm 1 (para animales) food. 2 (para
pescar) bait.
cebolla nf 1 onion. 2 (bulbo) bulb. 3 (de
ducha) rose, nozzle.
cebolleta nf 1 (especia) chives pl. 2 (ce-
bolla) spring onion.
cebollino
cebollino nm 1 (especia) chives pl. 2 (ce-
bolla) spring onion.
cebra nf zebra. c o m p paso cebra zebra
crossing, us crosswalk.
ceceo nm lisp.
cecina nf cured meat.
ceder vt 1 (dar) to cede, give: 2 dep (ba-
ln) to pass.
P vi 1 (rendirse) to yield ( a, to), give
way (a, to). 2 (disminuir) to diminish,
slacken, go down: la fiebre ha cedido
his temperature has gone down. l o c ce
der el paso auto to give way, us
yield.
cedro nm cedar.
CEE abrev (Comunidad Econmica Euro-
pea) European Economic Commu-
nity; (abreviatura) EEC.
cefalpodo,-a adj cephalopod.
P nm cefalpodo cephalopod.
cefalotrax nm cephalothorax.
cegar vt (gen) to blind: el sol me ceg the
sun blinded me.
P vpr cegarse fig to become blind, be
blinded.
ceguera nf blindness.
ceja nf eyebrow. l o c tener algo entre
ceja y ceja fig to have sth in one's
head.
celda nf cell.
celebracin nf (fiesta) celebration.
celebrar vt 1 (festejar) to celebrate. 2
(organizar) to hold: celebraron el debate
ayer the debate was held yesterday.
P vpr celebrarse (tener lugar) to take
place, be held.
clebre adj famous, celebrated.
celeste adj (color) sky-blue.
P nm (color) sky blue.
celestial adj celestial, heavenly.
celibato nm celibacy.
celo1 nm fam sellotape, us Scotch
tape.
celo2 nm 1 (cuidado) zeal, fervour (us
fervor). 2 biol (macho) rut; (hembra)
heat.
P nm pl celos jealousy sing. l o c dar ce
los to make jealous.
celofn nm cellophane.
60
celosa nf 1 (reja) lattice. 2 (ventana) lat-
tice window.
celoso,-a adj (envidioso) jealous.
Celsius nm Celsius.
clula nf cell.
celular adj cell, cellular.
celulosa nf cellulose.
cementerio nm cemetery.
cemento nm (gen) concrete, cement.
c o m p cemento armado reinforced
concrete.
cena nf (gen) supper; (formal) dinner.
cenar vi to have supper, have dinner.
P vt to have for supper, have for din-
ner.
cencerro nm cowbell. l o c estar como
un cencerro to be nuts, be crackers.
cenefa nf 1 (sobre tejido) edging, trim-
ming. 2 (sobre muro, pavimento, etc) orna-
mental border, frieze.
cenicero nm ashtray.
cenit nm zenith.
ceniza nf ash, ashes pl.
censar vt (hacer el censo) to take a cen-
sus of.
censo nm (padrn) census. c o m p censo
electoral electoral roll.
censura nf 1 censorship.
censurar vt to censor: el libro fue censu
rado the book was censored.
centavo,-a nm 1 (parte) hundredth,
hundredth part. 2 (moneda) cent, cen-
tavo.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
centella nf 1 (rayo) lightning. 2 (chispa)
spark, flash.
centellear vi 1 (gen) to sparkle, flash.
2 (estrellas) to twinkle.
centena nf hundred.
centenar nm hundred. l o c a centena
res / por centenares in hundreds.
centenario,-a nm & nf (persona) cente-
narian.
P nm centenario (aniversario) centenary,
centennial, hundredth anniversary.
centeno nm rye.
centsimo,-a adj hundredth.
P nm & nf hundredth.
 61
P nm centsimo (moneda) cent, centes-
imo.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
centgrado,-a adj centigrade.
centigramo nm centigram, centi-
gramme.
centilitro nm centilitre (us centiliter).
centmetro nm centimetre (us cen-
timeter).
cntimo nm cent, centime. l o c estar
sin un cntimo fam to be penniless.
centinela nm & nf 1 mil sentry. 2 (guar-
din) watch, lookout.
centollo,-a nm spider crab.
central adj central.
P nf 1 (oficina principal) head office,
headquarters pl. 2 (elctrica) power
station. c o m p central telefnica tele-
phone exchange.
centralita nf switchboard.
centralizar vt to centralize.
centrar vt 1 (gen) to centre (us center).
2 fig (atencin, etc) to centre (us center),
focus.
P vpr centrarse to centre (us center)
(en, on), focus (en, on): se centr en el
tema principal he focused on the main
topic.
cntrico,-a adj central, us down-
town.
centrifugadora nf (para ropa) spin-
dryer.
centrifugar vt (ropa) to spin-dry.
centrfugo,-a adj centrifugal.
centrpeto,-a adj centripetal.
centro nm 1 centre (us center), mid-
dle. 2 (de ciudad) town centre, city
centre, us downtown area. 3 (asocia-
cin) centre (us center), association,
institution. c o m p centro comercial
shopping centre, us mall. y centro
cultural cultural centre (us center).
centrocampista nm o nf midfield
player.
cntuplo,-a adj centuple, hundred-
fold.
P nm cntuplo centuple, hundred-
fold.
ceremonial
centuria nf century.
ceir vt 1 (estrechar) to cling to, be tight
on. 2 (rodear) to surround, encircle.
P vpr ceirse 1 (atenerse) to keep ( a ,
to), limit os (a, to): ceirse al tema to
keep to the subject. 2 (ajustarse una pren- C
da) to cling.
ceo nm frown. l o c fruncir el ceo to
frown.
cepa nf (de vid) vine.
cepillar vt (gen) to brush.
cepillo nm 1 brush. 2 (de carpintera)
plane. c o m p cepillo de dientes tooth-
brush. y cepillo del pelo hairbrush.
cepo nm 1 (rama) bough, branch. 2 (de
yunque) stock. 3 (de reo) pillory, stocks
pl. 4 (trampa) trap. 5 (para auto) clamp.
cera nf 1 wax; (de abeja) beeswax. 2
(pulimento) wax, polish.
cermica nf 1 (arte) ceramics, pottery.
2 (objeto) piece of pottery.
ceramista nm o nf ceramist, potter.
cerca1 nf (vallado) fence, wall.
cerca2 adv (lugar y tiempo) near, close:
aqu cerca near here. l o c cerca de 1 (cer-
cano a) near, close. 2 (aproximadamente)
nearly, about, around.
cercado nm 1 (lugar) enclosure. 2 (cerca)
fence, wall.
cercano,-a adj 1 (inmediato) near, close:
el fin est cercano the end is near. 2 (veci-
no) nearby, neighbouring (us neigh-
boring). 3 (pariente) close.
cercar vt (poner una cerca) to fence in,
enclose: cercaron la hacienda they
fenced in the property.
cerco nm 1 (lo que rodea) circle, ring. 2
(aureola) halo. 3 (asedio) siege.
cerdo,-a nm & nf fam pey (persona sucia)
pig, slob.
P nm cerdo 1 (animal) pig. 2 (carne)
pork.
cereal nm cereal.
cerebro nm 1 anat brain. 2 fig brains
pl: es el cerebro de la banda he's the brains
behind the gang.
ceremonia nf ceremony.
ceremonial adj ceremonial.
ceremonioso
ceremonioso,-a adj ceremonious,
formal.
cereza nf cherry.
cerezo nm cherry tree.
cerilla nf (fsforo) match.
cero nm 1 mat zero. 2 (cifra) nought,
zero. 3 dep nil: ganamos tres a cero we
won three nil.
cerrado,-a adj 1 shut, closed. 2 ling
close, closed: vocal cerrada close vow-
el. 3 (acento) broad, thick. 4 (curva)
tight, sharp. 5 fig (persona introvertida)
uncommunicative, reserved.
cerradura nf lock.
cerrajera nf (negocio) locksmith's
shop.
cerrajero,-a nm & nf locksmith.
cerrar vt 1 to close, shut: cierra la puerta
close the door. 2 (grifo, gas) to turn off;
(luz) to turn off, switch off. 3 (crema-
llera) to zip (up). 4 (frontera, puerto) to
close; (camino) to block. 5 (en domin)
to block.
P vi 1 to close, shut. 2 (punto) to cast
off. 3 (una herida) to close up, heal.
P vpr cerrarse 1 to close, shut. 2 (una
herida) to close up, heal.
cerro nm hill.
cerrojo nm bolt. l o c correr el cerrojo to
bolt.
certamen nm competition, contest.
certeza nf certainty.
certificado,-a adj (envo) registered.
P nm certificado 1 (documento) certifi-
cate. 2 (carta) registered letter.
certificar vt 1 (gen) to certify. 2 (carta,
paquete) to register.
cerumen nm earwax, cerumen.
cervato nm fawn.
cervecera nf 1 (bar) pub, bar. 2 (destile-
ra) brewery.
cerveza nf beer, ale. c o m p cerveza de
barril draught (us draft) beer. y cerve
za negra stout.
cervical adj cervical, neck.
cesar vi to cease, stop: ces de llover it
stopped raining. l o c sin cesar inces-
santly.
62
cesrea nf caesarean (us Cesarean),
Caesarean (us Cesarean) section.
cese nm 1 cessation. 2 (despido) dis-
missal.
cesin nf cession.
csped nm lawn, grass.
cesta nf 1 basket. 2 dep (baloncesto) bas-
ket. c o m p cesta de la compra shop-
ping basket.
cesto nm basket. c o m p cesto de los pa
peles wastepaper basket.
cetceo,-a nm cetacean.
cetro nm sceptre (us scepter).
CFC abrev (clorofluorocarbono) chloro-
fluorocarbon; (abreviatura) CFC.
cg sm (centigramo) centigram, centi-
gramme; (smbolo) cg.
chabola nf shack: un barrio de chabolas a
shanty town.
chacal nm jackal.
chacha nf 1 fam (niera) nanny, nurse-
maid. 2 fam (sirvienta) maid.
chacinera nf pork butcher's shop.
chador nm chuddar, chudder, chud-
dah.
chafar vt 1 (aplastar) to squash, crush,
flatten. 2 (arrugar) to crumple,
crease.
P vpr chafarse (aplastarse) to be
squashed, be crushed, be flattened;
(arrugarse) to become creased, be-
come crumpled.
chafln nm 1 (bisel) chamfer. 2 (esquina)
corner.
chal nm shawl.
chalado,-a adj (loco) mad, crazy, nuts.
chalar vt fam (enloquecer) to drive cra-
zy.
P vpr chalarse fam to go mad, go cra-
zy, go nuts.
chaleco nm waistcoat, us vest. c o m p
chaleco salvavidas life jacket.
chalet nm 1 (casa individual) house, de-
tached house. 2 (adosado) semide-
tached house.
chalupa nf (embarcacin) boat, launch.
chamn nm sorcerer, wizard, sha-
man.
 63
chamarra nf (zamarra) sheepskin jack-
et.
champaa nm champagne.
champin nm mushroom.
champ nm shampoo.
chamuscar vt to singe, scorch.
P vpr chamuscarse to be singed, get
scorched.
chamusquina nf scorching, singeing.
chancho nm am (animal) pig; (carne)
pork.
chanchullo nm fam fiddle, wangle,
racket.
chancla nf (chancleta) flip-flop.
chancleta nf flip-flop.
chndal nm track suit, jogging suit.
chanquete nm transparent goby.
chantaje nm blackmail.
chantajear vt to blackmail.
chao interj fam bye-bye!, cheerio!, so
long!, ciao!
chapa nf 1 (de metal) sheet, plate. 2 (de
madera) panel, sheet; (contrachapado)
plywood. 3 (tapn) bottle top, cap. 4
(medalla) badge, disc.
P nf pl chapas game sing of tossing up
coins.
chapado,-a adj 1 (metal) plated:
chapado,-a en plata silver-plated. 2 (made-
ra) veneered, finished.
chaparrn nm (lluvia) downpour,
heavy shower: cay un buen chaparrn
there was a downpour.
chapista nm o nf 1 sheet metal work-
er. 2 auto panel beater.
chapotear vi (agitar en el agua) to splash
about.
chapurrear vt to speak a little, have a
smattering of: chapurreo el ingls I have
a smattering of English, I speak a little
English.
chapuza nf 1 (trabajo sin importancia) odd
job. 2 (trabajo mal hecho) botched job,
shoddy piece of work.
chapuzn nm (bao) dip. l o c darse un
chapuzn to have a dip.
chaqueta nf jacket. c o m p chaqueta de
punto cardigan.
chaquetn nm winter jacket.
chequear
charanga nf 1 brass band. 2 fam (bulla)
din, racket.
charca nf pool, pond.
charco nm puddle, pond.
charcutera nf pork butcher's shop,
delicatessen. C
charla nf 1 (conversacin) talk, chat. 2
(conferencia) talk, informal lecture.
charlar vi to chat, talk.
charlatn,-ana adj 1 (hablador) talka-
tive. 2 (chismoso) gossipy.
P nm & nf 1 (parlanchn) chatterbox. 2
(chismoso) gossip.
charloteo nm fam chatter, prattle.
chrter adj inv charter.
P nm charter.
chasco nm fig (decepcin) disappoint-
ment. l o c llevarse un chasco to be
disappointed.
chasis nm (del coche) chassis.
chasquear vi 1 (lengua) to click; (dedos)
to snap. 2 (ltigo, madera) to crack.
chasquido nm 1 (de la lengua) click; (de
los dedos) snap. 2 (de ltigo, madera)
crack.
chat nm inform chat.
chatarra nf 1 (hierro viejo) scrap iron,
scrap. 2 fam pey (calderilla) small
change. c o m p comida chatarra junk
food.
chatear vi inform fam to chat ( con,
with/to).
chateo nm inform fam chat, chat-
ting.
chato,-a adj (nariz) snub; (persona)
snub-nosed.
chaval,-la nm & nf (joven) kid, young-
ster; (chico) lad, boy; (chica) lass, girl.
checo,-a adj Czech.
P nm & nf (persona) Czech.
P nm checo (idioma) Czech. c o m p Rep
blica Checa Czech Republic.
chef nm chef.
cheln nm shilling.
cheque nm cheque (us check). l o c co
brar un cheque to cash a cheque (us
check).
chequear vt 1 (controlar) to check. 2
(comprobar) to check up on.
 chequeo
chequeo nm med checkup.
Chequia nf Czechia.
chica nf girl.
chicharra nf (cigarra) cicada.
chicharro nm 1 (chicharrn) pork crack-
ling, fried pork rind. 2 (pez) scad,
horse mackerel.
chicharrn nm (de cerdo) pork crack-
ling, fried pork rind.
chichn nm bump, lump.
chicle nm chewing gum.
chico,-a nm & nf (gen) kid, youngster.
chiflado,-a adj fam mad, crazy, bar-
my, nuts, bonkers.
chiflar vi (silbar) to hiss, whistle.
P vt 1 (silbar) to hiss, boo. 2 fam (gustar)
to fascinate, enchant.
chiflido nm whistle, whistling.
chi adj Shiite.
P nm o nf Shiite.
chita adj-nm o nf chi.
chilaba nf jellabah, jellaba.
chile nm (pimiento) chili, chili pepper.
Chile nm Chile.
chileno,-a adj Chilean.
P nm & nf Chilean.
chillar vi 1 (persona) to scream, shriek,
shout: 2 (cerdo) to squeal; (ratn) to
squeak; (pjaro) to squawk, screech.
3 (radio) to blare; (frenos) to screech,
squeal. 4 (colores) to be loud, be
gaudy, clash. 5 fam (reir) to tell off.
chillido nm 1 (de persona) shriek,
scream, cry. 2 (de cerdo) squeal; (de ra-
tn) squeak; (de pjaro) squawk,
screech.
chilln,-ona adj 1 (que chilla mucho)
screaming, loud. 2 (voz) shrill, high-
pitched; (sonido) harsh, strident. 3 fig
(color) loud, gaudy.
chimenea nf 1 chimney. 2 (hogar) fire-
place, hearth. 3 (de barco) funnel,
stack.
chimpanc nm chimpanzee.
china nm (piedrecita) pebble.
China nf China.
chinchar vt fam to annoy, pester, bug.
64
P vpr chincharse fam to grin and bear
it, put up with it, lump it. l o c chn
chate! fam hard luck!, tough luck!
chinche nm & nf 1 zool bedbug, bug. 2
(clavo pequeo,) drawing pin, us thumb-
tack.
chincheta nf drawing pin, us thumb-
tack.
chinchilla nf chinchilla.
chino,-a adj Chinese.
P nm & nf (persona) Chinese person.
P nm chino 1 (idioma) Chinese. 2 (cola-
dor) sieve.
P nm pl chinos guessing game sing.
chip nm inform chip.
chipirn nm baby squid.
Chipre nm Cyprus.
chipriota adj Cypriot.
P nm o nf Cypriot.
chiquillo,-a nm & nf kid, youngster.
chiquito,-a adj tiny, very small, wee-
ny.
P nm & nf tiny tot, kid.
chirimoya nf custard apple.
chiringuito nm fam (en playa) refresh-
ment stall, refreshment stand; (en
carretera) roadside snack bar, hot
food stand.
chirla nf small clam.
chirriar vi 1 (al frer comida, etc) to sizzle.
2 (rueda, frenos) to screech, squeal;
(puerta) to creak. 3 (aves) to squawk.
chirrido nm 1 (de rueda, frenos) screech;
(de puerta) creak, creaking. 2 (de aves)
squawk, squawking.
chisme nm 1 (comentario) piece of gos-
sip. 2 (trasto) knick-knack; (de cocina,
etc) gadget; (cosa) thing, thingamajig.
chismoso,-a nm & nf gossip.
chispa nf 1 (de lumbre, elctrica, etc) spark.
2 fig (ingenio, gracia) wit, sparkle; (inte-
ligencia) intelligence; (viveza) liveli-
ness.
chispear vi 1 (echar chispas) to spark,
throw out sparks. 2 [en este sentido se
usa slo en tercera persona; no lleva sujeto]
meteor to drizzle, spit.
chistar vi to speak. loc sin chistar
without saying a word.
 65
chiste nm 1 (dicho) joke, funny story. 2
(dibujo) cartoon. l o c contar un chiste
to tell a joke.
chistera nf fig (sombrero) top hat.
chistoso,-a adj 1 (persona) witty, fun-
ny, fond of joking. 2 (suceso) funny,
amusing.
chivar vt 1 fam (molestar) to annoy, pes-
ter. 2 fam (delatar) to squeal on, tell
on.
P vpr chivarse fam to tell, squeal,
split.
chivato,-a nm & nf fam (acusica) telltale.
chivo,-a nm & nf (cra macho) kid, young
goat; (cra hembra) kid, young she-
goat.
choc nm shock.
chocar vi 1 (colisionar con algo) to collide
(contra/con, with), crash (contra/con,
into), run (contra/con, into). 2 (una pe-
lota) to hit (contra, -), strike (contra, -).
P vt 1 fig (sorprender) to surprise; (extra-
ar) to shock. 2 (las manos) to shake.
choco nm small cuttlefish.
chocolate nm 1 (slido) chocolate. 2 (l-
quido) drinking chocolate, cocoa.
c o m p chocolate con leche milk choco-
late.
chocolatera nf 1 (fbrica) chocolate
factory. 2 (tienda) chocolate shop. 3
(donde se toma) caf specializing in
drinking chocolate.
chocolatero,-a adj (aficionado al chocola-
te) fond of chocolate, chocolate-
loving.
P nm & nf 1 (fabricante) chocolate mak-
er. 2 (vendedor) chocolate seller.
chocolatina nf bar of chocolate.
chfer, chofer nm 1 (particular) chauf-
feur. 2 (de autocar, etc) driver.
chollo nm 1 fam (ganga) bargain, snip,
gift. 2 (trabajo) cushy job.
chopera nf poplar grove.
chopo nm (rbol) poplar.
choque nm 1 (gen) collision, impact;
(de coche, tren, etc) crash, smash, colli-
sion. 2 (discusin) dispute, quarrel. 3
med shock.
ciberespacio
chorizo,-a nm chorizo (highly-seasoned
pork sausage).
chorrear vi 1 (caer a chorro) to spout,
gush, spurt. 2 (gotear) to drip.
chorro nm 1 (de lquido) jet, spout,
spurt, gush. 2 (de gas) jet, blast. l o c a C
chorros in abundance: tiene dinero a
chorros he's got plenty of money, he's
loaded (with money).
choto,-a nm & nf 1 (cabrito) kid, young
goat; (cabrita) female kid, young she-
goat. 2 (ternero) sucking calf.
choza nf hut, shack.
christmas nm inv Christmas card.
chubasco nm (chaparrn) heavy show-
er, downpour.
chubasquero nm raincoat.
chuche nm fam sweet, us candy.
chuchera nf fam (golosina) sweet, us
candy.
chucho,-a nm & nf fam (perro) mutt, us
pooch.
chucrut nm sauerkraut.
chufa nf (planta) chufa; (fruto) tiger
nut.
chuleta nf 1 (costilla) chop, cutlet. 2
fam fig (entre estudiantes) crib, crib
note, us trot.
chulo,-a adj 1 fam (descarado) cocky,
cheeky. 2 fam (vistoso) showy, flashy.
3 (de mal gusto) tacky.
chupado,-a adj 1 fig (muy flaco) skinny,
thin; (mejillas, cara) hollow. 2 argot fig
(muy fcil) dead easy.
chupar vt 1 to suck. 2 (absorber) to ab-
sorb, soak up, suck up.
chupete nm dummy, us pacifier.
churrera nf fritter shop.
churro nm (dulce) fritter, us cruller.
chusma nf riffraff, rabble, mob.
chut nm dep shot, kick.
chutar vi dep to shoot, kick.
chute nm argot fix.
cianita nf cyanite.
cianuro nm cyanide. c o m p cianuro po
tsico potassium cyanide.
cibercaf nm Internet caf.
ciberespacio nm cyberspace.
cibernauta
cibernauta nm o nf Net user.
ciberntica nf cybernetics.
cicatriz nf scar.
cicatrizar vi to heal, cicatrize.
cclico,-a adj cyclic, cyclical.
ciclismo nm cycling.
ciclista adj cycle, cycling.
P nm o nf cyclist.
ciclomotor nm moped.
cicln nm cyclone.
ciego,-a adj (persona) blind. l o c a cie
gas 1 (sin ver) blindly. 2 (sin pensar)
without thinking.
cielo nm 1 (gen) sky. 2 (clima) weather,
climate. 3 rel heaven.
P interj cielos good heavens! l o c llovi
do,-a del cielo fig heaven-sent. y ser un
cielo (de persona) fam to be an angel.
ciempis nm inv centipede.
cien adj [se usa slo antes de los nombres
en plural] one hundred, a hundred.
P nm one hundred, a hundred. l o c
cien por cien one hundred per cent.
. Consulta tambin ciento y seis.
cinaga nf marsh, bog.
ciencia nf (disciplina) science.
c o m p cien
cia ficcin science fiction. y ciencias
naturales natural sciences.
cienmilsimo,-a adj hundred thou-
sandth.
P nm & nf hundred thousandth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
cienmillonsimo,-a adj hundred
millionth.
P nm & nf hundred millionth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
cientfico,-a adj scientific.
P nm & nf scientist.
ciento adj one hundred, a hundred:
P nm 1 (nmero) hundred. 2 un ciento
(centena) about a hundred. l o c por
ciento per cent.
. Consulta tambin cien.
cierre nm 1 (accin) closing, shutting;
(de fbrica) shutdown; (de radio, etc)
close-down. 2 (de prenda) fastener;
66
(de bolso) clasp; (de cinturn) buckle,
clasp. c o m p cierre patronal lockout.
cierto,-a adj 1 (seguro) certain, sure. 2
(verdadero) true: no es cierto that's not
true. l o c estar en lo cierto to be right.
y por cierto by the way.
P adv cierto certainly.
ciervo,-a nm & nf (gen) deer; (macho)
stag, hart; (hembra) doe, hind.
cifra nf 1 (nmero) figure, number. 2
(cantidad) amount, number. 3 (cdigo)
cipher, code.
cifrar vt (codificar) to encode; (en inform-
tica) to encrypt.
cigala nf Dublin Bay prawn.
cigarra nf cicada.
cigarrillo nm cigarette.
cigarro nm 1 (puro) cigar. 2 (cigarrillo)
cigarette.
cigoto nm zygote.
cigea nf (ave) stork.
cilindrada nf cylinder capacity.
cilndrico,-a adj cylindric, cylindrical.
cilindro nm cylinder.
cima nf 1 (de montaa) summit, top; (de
rbol) top. 2 fig (cumbre) summit, peak.
cimentar vt 1 arquit to lay the foun-
dations of. 2 fig (afianzar) to strength-
en, consolidate.
cimiento [se usa slo en plural con el mis-
mo significado] nm 1 arquit founda-
tion, foundations pl. 2 fig basis, ori-
gin. l o c poner los cimientos to lay
the foundations.
cinabrio nm cinnabar.
cinc nm zinc.
cincel nm chisel.
cincelar vt to chisel, engrave.
cincha nf (de caballo) girth, us cinch.
cinco adj (cardinal) five; (ordinal) fifth.
P nm (nmero) five. l o c choca esos cin
co! fam put it there!, give me five!
. Consulta tambin seis.
cincuenta adj (cardinal) fifty; (ordinal)
fiftieth.
P nm (nmero) fifty.
. Consulta tambin seis.
 67
cincuentavo,-a adj fiftieth.
P nm & nf fiftieth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
cine nm 1 (local) cinema, us movie
theater: ir al cine to go to the cinema, us
go to the movies. 2 (arte) cinema.
cineasta nm o nf film director, film-
maker.
cineclub nm 1 (organizacin) film socie-
ty, film club. 2 (local) cinema, us
movie theater.
cinematografa nf film-making, cin-
ematography, us movie-making.
cinematogrfico,-a adj cinemato-
graphic.
cinematgrafo nm film projector, us
movie projector.
cintica nf kinetics.
cintico,-a adj kinetic.
cnico,-a adj cynical.
P nm & nf cynic.
cinismo nm cynicism.
cinta nf 1 (gen) band, strip; (decorativa)
ribbon. 2 cost braid, edging. 3 tc
tape. 4 (de mquina de escribir) ribbon. 5
(casete) tape. c o m p cinta adhesiva ad-
hesive tape. y cinta magntica mag-
netic tape. y cinta mtrica tape meas-
ure.
cintura nf waist.
cinturilla nf waistband.
cinturn nm belt. c o m p cinturn de se
guridad safety belt, seat belt.
ciprs nm cypress.
circo nm 1 (gen) circus. 2 geog cirque.
circonita nf zirconite.
circuito nm 1 (elctrico) circuit. 2 (recorri-
do) tour, circuit. 3 (de carreras) track,
circuit.
circulacin nf 1 (gen) circulation. 2 (de
vehculos) traffic. c o m p circulacin san
gunea blood circulation. y cdigo de
(la) circulacin highway code.
circular adj circular.
P vi 1 (gen) to circulate, move, go
round. 2 (lquido, electricidad) to circu-
late, flow. 3 (coche) to drive; (trenes,
ctrico
autobuses) to run; (peatn) to walk. 4 fig
(rumor, etc) to spread, get round.
crculo nm (gen) circle. c o m p crculo fa
miliar family circle. y crculo polar an
trtico Antarctic Circle. y crculo po
lar rtico Arctic Circle. y crculo C
vicioso fig vicious circle.
circunferencia nf circumference.
circunflejo,-a adj circumflex.
P nm circunflejo circumflex.
circunscribir vt to circumscribe.
P vpr circunscribirse (ceirse) to confine
os (a, to), limit os (a, to).
circunscripcin nf district, area. c o m p
circunscripcin electoral constituen-
cy.
circunstancia nf circumstance. l o c
en estas circunstancias under the cir-
cumstances.
circunstancial adj circumstantial.
circunvalar vt to go round.
cirio nm long wax candle. l o c armar
un cirio fam to kick up a rumpus.
cirrosis nf inv cirrhosis.
ciruela nf plum. c o m p ciruela claudia
greengage. y ciruela pasa prune.
ciruelo nm plum tree.
ciruga nf surgery. c o m p ciruga estti
ca plastic surgery.
cirujano,-a nm & nf surgeon.
cisma nm rel schism.
cisne nm swan.
cisterna nf cistern, tank.
cita nf 1 (para negocios, mdico, etc) ap-
pointment: tengo una cita con mi aboga
do I have an appointment with my law-
yer. 2 (amorosa) date. 3 (mencin)
quotation. l o c tener una cita to have
an appointment, have an engage-
ment.
citacin nf 1 (mencin) quotation. 2 jur
citation, summons.
citar vt 1 (dar cita) to make an appoint-
ment with, arrange to meet. 2 (men-
cionar) to quote.
citoplasma nm cytoplasm.
ctrico,-a adj citric.
P nm pl ctricos citrus fruits.
 ciudad
ciudad nf city, town. c o m p ciudad dor
mitorio dormitory town. y ciudad
universitaria university campus.
ciudadana nf citizenship.
ciudadano,-a adj civic.
P nm & nf citizen.
ciudadela nf citadel, fortress.
cvico,-a adj civic.
civil adj 1 civil. 2 (no militar) civilian. 3
(no eclesistico) lay, secular.
civilizacin nf civilization.
civilizar vt to civilize.
civismo nm 1 good citizenship, com-
munity spirit. 2 (al servicio de los dems)
civility.
cizalla [tambin se usa en plural con el mis-
mo significado.] nf (tijeras) metal shears
pl, wire cutters pl.
cl sm (centilitro) centilitre (us centilit-
er); (smbolo) cl.
clamor nm (gritero) shouting, din,
noise.
clan nm clan.
clandestino,-a adj clandestine, un-
derground, secret.
claqu nm tap dancing.
claraboya nf skylight.
claridad nf (luminosidad) light, bright-
ness. con claridad clearly.
loc
clarn nm (instrumento) bugle.
P nm o nf (msico) bugler.
clarinete nm (instrumento) clarinet.
clarinetista nm o nf clarinettist, clari-
netist.
claro,-a adj 1 (gen) clear. 2 (iluminado)
bright, well-lit. 3 (color) light: azul cla
ro light blue. 4 (salsa, etc) thin; (caf, cho-
colate, etc) weak. l o c dejar algo claro to
make sth clear. y estar claro to be
clear.
P adv clearly.
P interj claro! of course!.
clase nf 1 (grupo, categora) class. 2 (aula)
classroom; (de universidad) lecture
hall. 3 (tipo) type, sort. l o c asistir a
clase to attend class. c o m p clase me
dia middle class. y clase particular
private class, private lesson. y prime
ra clase first class.
68
clasicismo nm classicism.
clsico,-a adj 1 (de los clsicos) classical:
literatura clsica classical literature. 2 (tra-
dicional) classic.
P nm clsico classic: este libro es un clsi
co de la ciencia ficcin this book is a sci-
ence-fiction classic.
clasificacin nf 1 (gen) classification.
2 (distribucin) sorting, filing. 3 dep
league, table. 4 (de discos) top twenty,
hit parade.
clasificar vt 1 to class, classify. 2 (dis-
tribuir) to sort, file.
P vpr clasificarse 1 dep to qualify. 2
(llegar) to come.
claustro nm arquit cloister.
claustrofobia nf claustrophobia.
claustrofbico,-a adj claustropho-
bic.
clusula nf clause.
clausura nf 1 (cierre) closure. 2 (acto)
closing ceremony, closing session.
clausurar vt 1 (poner fin) to close, con-
clude. 2 (cerrar) to close (down).
clavar vt 1 (con clavos) to nail. 2 (un cla-
vo) to bang, hammer in; (estaca) to
drive. 3 fig (atencin) to fix; (ojos) to
rivet.
P vpr clavarse (gen) to stick.
clave nf 1 (de un enigma, etc) key, clue: la
clave del xito the key to success. 2 (de
signos) code, key, cipher: un mensaje en
clave a coded message. 3 ms key: 4
arquit keystone.
P nm (instrumento) harpsichord.
clavel nm carnation.
clavicmbalo nm harpsichord.
clavicordio nm clavichord.
clavcula nf clavicle, collarbone.
clavija nf 1 tc peg. 2 elec (de enchufe)
pin.
clavo nm 1 nail. 2 bot clove. l o c dar en
el clavo fig to hit the nail on the
head.
claxon nm horn, hooter.
clemencia nf clemency, mercy.
clerical adj clerical.
clrigo nm priest.
clero nm clergy.
 69 coche
clic nm click. l o c hacer clic 1 (hacer ruido) cobalto nm cobalt.
to click, go click. 2 inform to click. cobarde adj cowardly.
clicar vt to click on. P nm o nf coward.
P vi to click. cobarda nf cowardice.
clienta nf client, customer. cobaya nm guinea pig.
cliente nm o nf client, customer. cobertizo nm shed, shack. C
clientela nf customers pl, clients pl, cobertura nf 1 (gen) cover. 2 (de una red,
clientele. servicio) coverage. c o m p cobertura de
clima nm climate. chocolate chocolate coating. y cober
climtico,-a adj climatic, climatical. tura de seguros insurance cover.
climatizado,-a adj air-conditioned. cobijar vt 1 (cubrir) to cover. 2 fig to
climatizar vt to air-condition. shelter.
climatologa nf climatology. P vpr cobijarse to take shelter.

clnica nf (hospital) clinic, private hos- cobijo nm 1 (hospedaje) lodging. 2 (re-

pital. fugio) shelter. 3 fig protection, ref-
clnico,-a adj clinical: muerte clnica uge.
clinical death. cobol nm inform COBOL.
clip nm 1 (para papel) paper clip. 2 (para cobra nf (serpiente) cobra.
pelo) hair-grip, us bobby pin. 3 (pen- cobrador,-ra nm & nf 1 (de luz, etc) col-
diente) clip-on earring. lector. 2 (de transporte - hombre) conduc-
cloaca nf sewer, drain. tor; (- mujer) conductress.
clon nm clone. cobrar vt 1 (fijar precio por) to charge;
clonacin nf cloning. (cheques) to cash; (salario) to earn. 2 to
clonar vt to clone. get: si no te ests quieto vas a cobrar una
torta if you don't keep still you'll get a
clnico,-a adj cloned.
smack. 3 fig (adquirir) to gain, get.
P nm clnico (ordenador) clone.
P vi to be in for it.
cloquear vi to cluck. P vpr cobrarse 1 (dinero) to take, col-
cloro nm chlorine. lect. 2 (vctimas) to claim. 3 (recuperar)
clorofila nf chlorophyll. to recover (de, from); (volver en s) to
cloroflico,-a adj chlorophyllous. come round.
cloroformo nm chloroform. cobre nm (metal) copper.
clown nm clown.. cobro nm 1 (pago) payment. 2 (cobranza)
club nm club, society. c o m p club de collection; (de cheque) cashing. c o m p
ftbol football club. y club de tenis cobro revertido reverse-charge, us
tennis club. y club nutico yacht collect.
club. coca nf 1 (arbusto) coca. 2 argot coke. 3
cm sm (centmetro) centimetre ( us fam (bebida) Coke.
centimeter); (smbolo) cm. coccin nf (gen) cooking; (en agua) boil-
coaccionar vt to coerce, compel. ing; (en horno) baking.
coagular vt (gen) to coagulate, clot; cccix nm inv coccyx.
(leche) to curdle. cocear vi to kick.
P vpr coagularse to coagulate, clot;
cocer vt (gen) to cook; (hervir) to boil; (al
(leche) to curdle. horno) to bake.
cogulo nm coagulum, clot. P vpr cocerse 1 (gen) to cook; (hervir) to
coala nm koala, koala bear. boil; (al horno) to bake. 2 fam (de calor)
coartada nf alibi. to be roasting, be boiling.
coba nf fam soft soap. l o c dar coba a coche nm 1 (automvil) car, automobile,
algn fam to soft-soap sb. motorcar: fuimos en coche we went by
cochera
car. 2 (de tren, de caballos) carriage,
coach. 3 (de nio) pram, us baby car-
riage. c o m p coche cama sleeping car. y
coche de alquiler hired car, us rented
car. y coche de bomberos fire engine. y
coche de carreras racing car.
cochera nf depot.
cochino,-a adj (sucio) filthy, disgust-
ing.
P nm & nf 1 zool (gen) pig; (macho)
swine; (hembra) sow. 2 fam (persona)
dirty person, filthy person, pig.
cocido,-a adj cooked; (en agua) boiled;
(al horno) baked.
P nm cocido culin stew.
cociente nm quotient.
cocina nf 1 (lugar) kitchen. 2 (gastrono-
ma) cooking: cocina espaola Spanish
cooking, Spanish cuisine. 3 (aparato)
cooker, us stove. c o m p cocina casera
home cooking. y cocina de gas gas
cooker, us gas stove. y cocina de mer
cado seasonal produce. y cocina elc
trica electric cooker, us electric
stove.
cocinar vt to cook.
P vi to cook.
cocinero,-a nm & nf cook. c o m p primer
cocinero chef.
coco1 nm 1 bot (rbol) coconut palm. 2
(fruta) coconut. c o m p coco rallado des-
iccated coconut.
coco2 nm 1 fam (fantasma) bogeyman. 2
argot (cabeza) noddle, noggin, nut.
loc comerse el coco fam to get
worked up, worry about it.
cocodrilo nm crocodile.
cocotero nm coconut palm.
cctel nm (bebida) cocktail.
codazo nm (golpe) poke with one's el-
bow, blow with one's elbow: le peg
un codazo she poked him with her el-
bow. l o c abrirse paso a codazos to el-
bow one's way through.
codear vi (empujar) to elbow.
P vpr codearse to rub shoulders (con,
with), hobnob (con, with).
codera nf elbow patch.
codicia nf greed, coveting.
70
codiciar vt to covet, desire, crave
for.
codicioso,-a adj covetous, greedy.
codificacin nf 1 (de mensajes) encod-
ing. 2 inform coding, code.
codificar vt 1 (leyes) to codify. 2 (mensa-
jes) to encode. 3 inform to code.
cdigo nm code. comp cdigo de barras
bar code. y cdigo de la circulacin
highway code. y cdigo de seales
mar flag signals. y cdigo Morse
Morse code.
codillo nm 1 (del brazo) elbow. 2 (en coci-
na) shoulder. 3 (de tubera) elbow.
codo nm 1 anat elbow. 2 tc bend.
l o c alzar el codo / empinar el codo fam
to have a few drinks, knock them
back. y codo a codo / codo con codo fig
side by side, closely. y de codos on
one's elbows. y hablar por los codos
fam to talk nineteen to the dozen,
talk nonstop. y romperse los codos fig
to study a lot, swot, cram.
codorniz nf quail.
coeficiente nm 1 mat coefficient. 2
(grado) degree, rate. c o m p coeficiente
de inteligencia intelligence quotient,
IQ.
cofia nf bonnet.
coexistir vi to coexist.
cofrada nf 1 (hermandad) brother-
hood. 2 (asociacin) association. 3 (gre-
mio) guild.
cofre nm (grande) trunk, chest; (pequeo)
box, casket.
coger vt 1 (asir) to seize, take hold of:
coge al beb hold the baby. 2 (apresar) to
capture, catch. 3 (tomar) to take: coge
algo para beber take a drink. 4 (tren, etc) to
catch. 5 (tomar prestado) to borrow: te
he cogido el libro I've borrowed your
book. 6 (recolectar frutos, etc) to pick; (del
suelo) to gather. 7 (enfermedad, baln) to
catch: cog un resfriado I caught a cold. 8
(velocidad, fuerza) to gather. 9 (emisora,
canal) to pick up, get: coger la BBC to
get the BBC. 10 (notas) to take, take
down. 11 (entender) to understand,
get: no agarr el final I didn't get the end.
l o c coger cario a algo /algn to be-
 71
come fond of sth/sb, take a liking to
sth/sb. y coger por sorpresa to catch
by surprise.
P vpr cogerse (agarrarse) to hold on:
agrrate fuerte hold on tight.
cogollo nm (de lechuga, etc) heart.
cogote nm back of the neck.
coherencia nf coherence, coheren-
cy.
coherente adj coherent, connected.
cohete nm rocket.
cohibir vt to inhibit, restrain.
P vpr cohibirse to feel inhibited, feel
embarrassed.
coincidir vi 1 (estar de acuerdo) to agree
(en, on), coincide (en, in). 2 (ajustarse)
to coincide. 3 (ocurrir al mismo tiempo) to
be at the same time (con, as), coin-
cide (con, with); (en el mismo lugar) to
meet.
cojear vi 1 (persona) to limp, hobble. 2
(muebles) to wobble. l o c cojear del
mismo pie fam to have the same
faults.
cojera nf limp, lameness.
cojn nm cushion.
cojo,-a adj 1 (persona) lame, crippled. 2
(mueble) wobbly. 3 fig (defectuoso)
faulty, incomplete.
col nf cabbage. c o m p col de Bruselas
Brussels sprout.
cola1 nf 1 (gen) tail. 2 (de vestido) train;
(de chaqueta) tail. 3 (fila) queue, us line.
l o c hacer cola to queue up, us stand
in line. y c o m p cola de caballo (peinado)
ponytail.
cola2 nf (pegamento) glue.
colaboracin nf 1 collaboration. 2
(prensa) contribution.
colaborador,-ra adj collaborating.
P nm & nf 1 collaborator. 2 (prensa)
contributor.
colaborar vi 1 to collaborate ( con,
with). 2 (prensa) to contribute ( en,
to).
colada nf 1 (lavado) washing, laundry;
(con leja) bleaching. 2 (ropa) washing,
wash. 3 (volcnica) outflow. l o c hacer
colgar
la colada to do the washing, do the
laundry.
colador nm 1 (de t, caf) strainer. 2 (de
caldo, alimentos) colander, sieve.
colapsar vt (ciudad, aeropuerto, etc) to
paralyse; (trfico) to bring to a stand- C
still, bring to a halt.
P vi to collapse.
colar vt (lquido) to strain, filter.
P vi fam to wash: veremos si cuela we'll
see if it washes.
P vpr colarse 1 (escabullirse) to slip in,
gatecrash. 2 (en una cola) to push in,
jump the queue, us jump the line. 3
fam (equivocarse) to slip up, make a
mistake.
colcha nf bedspread.
colchn nm mattress. c o m p colchn
neumtico air mattress.
colchoneta nf small mattress.
cole nm fam school.
colear vi (perro, etc) to wag its tail; (vaca,
caballo, etc) to swish its tail.
coleccin nf collection.
coleccionar vt to collect.
coleccionista nm o nf collector.
colectividad nf community.
colectivo,-a adj collective, group.
P nm colectivo 1 (asociacin) associa-
tion, guild. 2 ling collective noun.
colegio nm (escuela) school: van al cole
gio en autobs they go to school by bus.
c o m p colegio pblico state school.
coleptero nm coleopteran.
clera nf 1 (bilis) bile. 2 fig (ira) anger,
rage.
P nm med cholera.
colrico,-a adj furious, irascible.
colesterol nm cholesterol.
coleta nf pigtail, ponytail.
colgado,-a adj hanging (de, from).
colgador nm (coat) hanger.
colgante adj hanging.
P nm 1 arquit festoon. 2 (joya) pen-
dant.
colgar vt 1 (gen) to hang (up). 2 (la cola-
da) to hang out. 3 (atribuir) to pin. 4 (el
telfono) to put down.
colibr
P vi1 (estar colgado) to hang (de, from):
cuelga del techo it hangs from the ceiling.
2 (una prenda) to hang down, be
crooked. 3 (telfono) to hang up, ring
off: no cuelgue! please hold!, hold the
line, please!
colibr nm humming bird.
clico nm colic.
coliflor nf cauliflower.
colilla nf cigarette end, cigarette butt,
butt.
colina nf hill, slope.
colirio nm eye drops pl.
colisin nf (de vehculos) collision,
crash.
colisionar vi (chocar) to collide (con/
contra, with), crash (con/contra, in-
to).
colitis nf inv colitis.
collar nm 1 (adorno) necklace. 2 (de ani-
mal) collar.
colmar vt (gen) to fill (de, with); (vaso,
copa) to fill to the brim.
colmena nf beehive.
colmillo nm 1 eye tooth, canine
tooth. 2 (de carnvoro) fang; (de jabal,
elefante, morsa) tusk.
colmo nm height, summit. l o c esto
es el colmo! this is the last straw!,
this is the limit!
colocar vt 1 (gen) to place, put. 2 (dar
empleo) to get a job for.
P vpr colocarse 1 (situarse) to place os,
put os, find os a place. 2 (trabajar) to
find a job (de, as), get a job (de, as).
Colombia nf Colombia.
colombiano,-a adj Colombian.
P nm & nf Colombian.
colon nm anat colon.
colonia nf 1 (grupo) colony. 2 [normal-
mente en plural] (vacaciones infantiles)
summer camp. 3 (perfume) cologne.
colonial adj pol colonial.
colonialismo nm colonialism.
colonizacin nf colonization.
colonizar vt to colonize, settle.
colono nm 1 (habitante) colonist, set-
tler. 2 agr tenant farmer.
coloquial adj colloquial.
72
coloquio nm talk, discussion.
color nm 1 colour (us color): es de color
verde it's green. l o c de color 1 (en color)
in colour ( us color), coloured ( us
colored). 2 (persona) coloured ( us
colored). y en color / en colores (cine,
foto) in colour (us color).
colorado,-a adj 1 coloured (us color-
ed). 2 (rojo) red. l o c ponerse colora
do,-a to blush, go red.
colorante nm colouring (us coloring),
dye.
colorear vt to colour (us color).
colorete nm rouge, blusher.
colorido nm colour (us color).
coloso nm colossus.
columna nf 1 (gen) column. 2 anat
spine. 3 (elemento central) backbone.
c o m p columna vertebral vertebral col-
umn, spinal column.
columpiar vt to swing.
P vpr columpiarse to swing (de, on).
columpio nm swing.
colza nf rape. c o m p aceite de colza
rapeseed oil, us canola oil.
coma1 nf 1 (puntuacin) comma. 2 (en
msica) comma. 3 mat point: cuatro co
ma cinco four point five.
coma2 nm med coma. l o c entrar en co
ma to go into a coma.
comadreja nf weasel.
comadrona nm & nf midwife.
comandante nm 1 (oficial) command-
er, commanding officer. 2 (gradua-
cin) major. 3 (piloto) pilot.
comando nm 1 mil commando. 2
inform command.
comarca nf area, region.
comba nf 1 (de cuerda, cable) bend,
curve. 2 (cuerda) skipping rope. 3 (jue-
go) skipping. l o c saltar a la comba to
skip, us skip rope.
combar vt to bend.
P vpr combarse (una cuerda) to bend;
(viga, pared) to sag, bulge.
combate nm 1 (gen) combat, battle. 2
mil battle. 3 (boxeo) fight, contest.
combatiente adj fighting.
P nm o nf fighter, combatant.
 73
combatir vi to fight (contra, against
/-), struggle (contra, against).
P vt 1 (luchar contra) to fight: combatir el
cncer to fight cancer. 2 fig to combat,
fight. 3 fig (batir, golpear) to beat, lash.
combativo,-a adj spirited, aggres-
sive.
combinacin nf 1 combination. 2
(prenda) slip.
combinar vt 1 (gen) to combine. 2
qum to combine. 3 (colores) to match
(con, -), go (con, with).
combustible adj combustible.
P nm fuel.
comedero nm feeding trough, man-
ger.
comedia nf 1 teat comedy, play. 2 fig
farce, pretence (us pretense).
comediante,-a nm & nf 1 (hombre) ac-
tor; (mujer) actress. 2 fig hypocrite,
comedian.
comedor,-ra nm (sala) dining room;
(en una fbrica, un colegio, etc) canteen.
comensal nm o nf person at the table,
diner.
comentar vt 1 (texto) to comment on.
2 (expresar una opinin) to talk about,
discuss.
comentario nm 1 (observacin) remark,
comment. 2 (explicacin, narracin)
commentary.
P nm pl comentarios (murmuracin) gos-
sip sing.
comentarista nm o nf commentator.
comenzar vt to begin, start.
P vi to begin, start: comenz a rer he
began to laugh, he began laughing. l o c
comenzar con to begin with. y co
menzar + ger to start by + ger: comenz
explicando... he started by explaining...
comer vt 1 to eat. 2 (en ajedrez) to take,
capture.
P vi (gen) to eat; (a medioda) to have
lunch, lunch; (por la noche) to have
dinner, dine.
P nm eating.
P vpr comerse 1 to eat. 2 fig (saltarse) to
omit; (prrafo) to skip; (palabra) to
swallow.
como
comercial adj 1 (del comercio) commer-
cial. 2 (de tiendas) shopping.
P nm o nf (vendedor) seller; (hombre)
salesman; (mujer) saleswoman.
comerciante adj business-minded.
P nm o nf 1 merchant. 2 (interesado) C
moneymaker.
comerciar vi 1 (comprar y vender) to
trade, deal, buy and sell. 2 (hacer ne-
gocios) to do business (con, with).
comercio nm 1 (ocupacin) commerce,
trade. 2 (tienda) shop, store. l o c co
mercio al por mayor wholesale trade.
c o m p comercio exterior foreign trade.
y libre comercio free trade.
comestible adj edible, eatable.
P nm pl comestibles groceries, food
sing, foodstuffs pl.
cometa nm (cuerpo celeste) comet.
P nf (juguete) kite.
cometer vt (crimen) to commit; (falta,
error) to make.
cmic nm comic.
cmico,-a adj 1 (divertido) comic, comi-
cal, funny. 2 (de comedia) comedy.
P nm & nf (actor) comedian, comic.
comida nf 1 (alimento) food: 2 (desayuno,
etc) meal. 3 (almuerzo) lunch.
comienzo nm start, beginning. l o c a
comienzos de at the beginning of. y
dar comienzo to begin, start.
comillas nf pl inverted commas. l o c
entre comillas in inverted commas.
comilona nf big meal, blowout.
comino nm bot cumin, cummin. l o c
me importa un comino fam I don't
give a damn.
comisara nf (de polica) police station.
comisario nm (de polica) police inspec-
tor.
comisin nf 1 (retribucin) commission.
2 (comit) committee. l o c a comisin /
con comisin on a commission basis.
comp comisin bancaria service
charge, bank commission.
comit nm committee.
comitiva nf suite, retinue.
como adv 1 (modo) how: lo hizo como qui
so he did it the way he wanted to. 2 (com-
 cmo
paracin) as, like: negro como la noche as
dark as night. 3 (en calidad de) as: como
invitado as a guest. 4 (segn) as: como dice
tu amigo as your friend says. 5 fam
(aproximadamente) about: haba como
unos cien there were about a hundred.
l o c como quiera que 1 (no importa cmo)
however. 2 (ya que) since, as, inas-
much as. y como sea whatever hap-
pens, no matter what. y hacer como si
to pretend to +inf: hace como si no viese
nada he's pretending not to see any-
thing.
P conj 1 (as que) as: como llegaban se pre
sentaban they introduced themselves as
they arrived. 2 (si) if: como lo vuelvas a
hacer... if you do it again.... 3 (porque) as,
since: como llegamos tarde no pudimos
entrar since we arrived late we couldn't
get in.
cmo adv 1 (interrogativo) how. 2 (por
qu) why. 3 (admiracin) how: cmo pa
sa el tiempo! how time flies! l o c cmo?
fam what? y cmo es que...? how is it
that...? y cmo no! but of course!,
certainly!
cmoda nf chest of drawers, com-
mode.
comodidad nf 1 (confort) comfort. 2 (fa-
cilidad) convenience. l o c con comodi
dad comfortably.
comodn nm (mono) joker; (otra carta)
wild card.
cmodo,-a adj 1 comfortable, cosy. 2
(til) convenient, handy.
compactar vt to compact, compress.
compadecer vt to pity, feel sorry for.
P vpr compadecerse to take pity (de,
on), pity (de, -), feel sorry (de, for).
compaginar vt (combinar) to combine,
make compatible.
P vpr compaginarse to go together,
be compatible.
compaerismo nm companionship,
fellowship, comradeship.
compaero,-a nm & nf 1 (sentimental,
pareja) partner. 2 (colega) companion,
mate; (camarada) comrade. 3 fig (guan-
te, zapato, etc) the other one, the one
that goes with this one. c o m p
74
compaero,-a de colegio schoolmate.
y compaero,-a de departamento flat-
mate. y compaero,-a de trabajo
workmate, colleague.
compaa nf company. l o c en compa
a de in the company of. y hacer
compaa a algn to keep sb company.
comparacin nf comparison. l o c en
comparacin con compared to, in
comparison to.
comparar vt to compare:
comparativo,-a adj comparative.
compartimento nm compartment:
compartimento de primera clase first-class
compartment.
compartir vt 1 (dividir) to divide (up),
split, share (out). 2 (poseer en comn) to
share.
comps nm 1 (instrumento) compass,
compasses pl. 2 (brjula) compass. 3
ms (divisin) time; (intervalo) beat; (rit-
mo) rhythm. l o c al comps de in
time to. y llevar el comps 1 (con la
mano) to beat time. 2 (al bailar) to
keep time. y perder el comps to lose
the beat.
compasin nf compassion, pity.
compasivo,-a adj compassionate,
sympathetic.
compatibilidad nf compatibility.
compatibilizar vt to make compati-
ble.
compatible adj compatible.
compendio nm summary, digest,
prcis, synopsis.
compenetrarse vpr (uso recproco) to
understand each other.
compensar vt 1 (prdida, error) to make
up for. 2 (indemnizar) to compensate,
indemnify. 3 tc to balance, com-
pensate. 4 fam (merecer la pena) to be
worth one's while.
competencia nf 1 (rivalidad) competi-
tion, rivalry: 2 (competidores) competi-
tors pl, rival company. 3 (habilidad)
competence, ability, proficiency. 4
(incumbencia) responsibility.
 75
competente adj 1 (capaz) competent,
capable, proficient. 2 (adecuado) ade-
quate.
competicin nf competition, con-
test.
competidor,-ra adj 1 (que compite)
competing. 2 (rival) rival.
P nm & nf 1 (rival) competitor. 2 (en
competicin deportiva) competitor.
competir vi to compete.
competitividad nf competitiveness.
competitivo,-a adj competitive.
complacer vt 1 (satisfacer) to satisfy,
gratify, oblige. 2 (agradar) to please. 3
fml to please, give pleasure.
complejo,-a adj complex.
P nm complejo complex.
complementar vt to complement.
P vpr complementarse to comple-
ment each other, be complementa-
ry to each other.
complementario,-a adj complemen-
tary.
complemento nm 1 (gen) comple-
ment. 2 g r a m object, comple-
ment. c o m p complemento circunstan
cial adverbial complement. y
complemento directo direct object. y
complemento indirecto indirect ob-
ject.
completamente adv completely.
completar vt 1 (gen) to complete. 2
(acabar) to finish; (perfeccionar) to
round off.
completo,-a adj 1 (terminado) finished,
completed. 2 (lleno) full. l o c al com
pleto full up, filled to capacity. y por
completo completely.
complexin nf constitution, build: su
hermano es de complexin fuerte his
brother is well-built.
complicacin nf complication.
complicado,-a adj 1 (gen) complicat-
ed, complex. 2 (carcter) complex.
complicar vt 1 (gen) to complicate,
make complicated. 2 (implicar) to in-
volve (en, in).
cmplice nm o nf accomplice.
complicidad nf complicity.
comprimido
complot nm plot, conspiracy.
componente adj component, con-
stituent.
P nm 1 (pieza) component, constitu-
ent; (ingrediente) ingredient. 2 (miembro)
member. C
componer vt 1 (formar) to compose,
make up, form. 2 (reparar) to fix, re-
pair, mend. 3 (adornar) to adorn, dec-
orate. 4 (msica, versos) to compose.
P vpr componerse (consistir) to consist
(de, of), be made up (de, of): las pala
bras se componen de slabas words are
made up of syllables.
comportamiento nm behaviour (us
behavior), conduct.
comportar vt (implica) to involve, en-
tail: eso comporta un cambio de planes
that involves a change of plan.
P vpr comportarse (portarse) to behave:
se comport mal she misbehaved.
composicin nf 1 (gen) composition.
2 (arreglo) arrangement.
compositor,-ra nm & nf composer.
compota nf compote.
compra nf purchase, buy. l o c hacer la
compra to do the shopping, go
shopping. y ir de compras to go shop-
ping. c o m p compra a plazos hire pur-
chase, us instalment buying.
comprador,-ra nm & nf purchaser,
buyer, shopper.
comprar vt to buy.
compraventa nf buying and selling,
dealing.
comprender vt 1 (entender) to under-
stand: lo comprendiste mal you misun-
derstood it. 2 (contener) to comprise,
include. l o c comprendes? (en conver-
sacin) you see?
comprensin nf understanding.
comprensivo,-a adj 1 (tolerante) under-
standing. 2 (que comprende o incluye)
comprehensive.
compresa nf 1 (higinica) sanitary tow-
el. 2 (vendaje) compress.
comprimido,-a adj compressed.
P nm comprimido tablet.
 comprimir
comprimir vt (apretar) to compress;
(gente) to cram together.
comprobante nm (recibo) receipt,
voucher.
comprobar vt 1 (verificar) to verify,
check. 2 (observar) to see, observe: co
mo podrn ustedes comprobar as you can
see for yourselves. 3 (confirmar) to con-
firm.
comprometer vt 1 (exponer a riesgo) to
endanger, jeopardize, risk; (a una per-
sona) to compromise. 2 (implicar) to
involve, implicate. 3 (obligar) to com-
mit. 4 (poner en un aprieto) to embar-
rass.
P vpr comprometerse 1 (contraer una obli-
gacin) to commit os, pledge. 2 (invo-
lucrarse) to get involved. 3 (establecer
relaciones formales) to get engaged. l o c
comprometerse a hacer algo to under-
take to do sth.
comprometido,-a adj 1 (difcil, arriesga-
do) difficult, in jeopardy. 2 (escritor, ar-
tista, etc) committed. 3 (involucrado) in-
volved. 4 (para casarse) engaged.
compromiso nm 1 (obligacin) commit-
ment, obligation: cumpli sus compro
misos she fulfilled her obligations. 2 (cita)
appointment; (amorosa) date. 3 (apuro)
difficult situation, bind. 4 (matrimo-
nial) engagement.
compuesto,-a adj (gen) compound.
compulsar vt 1 (cotejar) to collate. 2 jur
to make a certified true copy of.
compulsivo,-a adj compelling, com-
pulsive.
compungido,-a adj 1 (arrepentido) re-
morseful. 2 fig (triste) sorrowful, sad.
compungir vt fml (entristecer) to sad-
den, make sad.
P vpr compungirse (entristecerse) to be
saddened, feel sad.
computacin nf computing.
computador nm computer.
computadora nf computer.
computar vt 1 (calcular) to compute,
calculate. 2 fml (tomar en cuenta) to
take into account, count.
computarizar vt to computerize.
76
computerizar vt to computerize.
cmputo nm computation, calcula-
tion.
comulgar vi rel to receive Holy
Communion.
comn adj 1 (gen) common: eso es poco
comn that's unusual. 2 (compartido)
shared, communal.
comuna nf commune.
comunal adj communal.
comunicacin nf 1 (gen) communica-
tion. 2 (comunicado) communication;
(oficial) communiqu. 3 (telefnica) con-
nection. 4 (unin) link, connection.
P nf pl comunicaciones communica-
tions.
comunicado,-a adj served. c o m p co
municado de prensa press release.
comunicar vt 1 (hacer partcipe) to com-
municate, convey, transmit. 2 (hacer
saber) to communicate, make
known, tell. 3 (conectar) to connect.
P vi 1 (ponerse en comunicacin) to commu-
nicate; (por carta) to correspond. 2 (tel-
fono) to be engaged, us be busy. 3 (estar
conectado) to communicate, be con-
nected.
P vpr comunicarse 1 (tener relacin) to
communicate; (ponerse en contacto) to get
in touch, get in contact (con, with). 2
(estar conectado) to be connected (con,
to).
comunicativo,-a adj 1 (actitud, senti-
miento) catching, infectious. 2 (perso-
na) communicative, sociable, open.
comunidad nf community. c o m p co
munidad autnoma autonomous re-
gion. y Comunidad Econmica Europea
European Economic Community.
comunin nf 1 communion, fellow-
ship. 2 rel Holy Communion.
comunismo nm communism.
comunista adj communist.
P nm o nf communist.
comunitario,-a adj (gen) of the com-
munity, relating to the community.
con prep 1 (instrumento, medio) with. 2
(modo, circunstancia) in, with. 3 (junta-
mente, en compaa) with. 4 (contenido)
with. 5 (relacin) to. 6 (comparacin)
 77
compared to. 7 con + inf by + ger.
8 (aunque) in spite of. l o c con que /
con tal de que / con tal que provided,
as long as. y con todo (y eso) never-
theless, even so.
concavidad nf concavity.
cncavo,-a adj concave.
concebir vt 1 (engendrar) to conceive. 2
fig (comprender) to understand.
P vi (quedarse embarazada) to become
pregnant, conceive.
conceder vt 1 (otorgar) to grant, con-
cede; (premio) to award. 2 (atribuir) to
give, attach. 3 (oportunidad, tiempo) to
give. 4 (admitir) to concede, admit.
concejal,-la nm & nf town councillor.
concejo nm town council, council.
concentracin nf 1 (gen) concentra-
tion. 2 (de gente) gathering, rally.
concentrar vt to concentrate.
P vpr concentrarse 1 (reunirse) to con-
centrate. 2 (fijar la atencin) to concen-
trate (en, on).
concntrico,-a adj concentric.
concepcin nf conception.
concepto nm 1 (idea) concept, concep-
tion, idea. 2 (opinin) opinion, view.
l o c bajo ningn concepto under no
circumstances. y en concepto de by
way of.
conceptual adj conceptual.
concernir vi [se usa slo en tercera perso-
na de presente de indicativo, imperfecto de
indicativo y presente de subjuntivo; y en
formas impersonales] (afectar) to con-
cern, touch. l o c en lo que a m (ti, l,
etc) concierne as far as I am (you are, he
is, etc) concerned.
concertado,-a adj concerted.
concertar vt 1 (planear) to plan, coor-
dinate. 2 (entrevista) to arrange; (acuer-
do) to reach; (tratado, negocio) to con-
clude, settle. 3 (precio) to agree on.
P vi 1 (concordar) to agree, match up;
(nmeros) to tally. 2 ling to agree.
concertino nm first violin.
concertista nm o nf soloist.
concesin nf 1 concession, granting.
2 (de premio) awarding.
concordar
concesionario,-a nm & nf concession-
aire, licence holder, licensee.
P nm concesionario (de coches) dealer.
concesivo,-a adj ling concessive.
concha nf 1 (caparazn) shell. 2 (carey)
tortoiseshell. 3 (ostra) oyster. C
conciencia nf 1 (moral) conscience. 2
(conocimiento) consciousness, aware-
ness. l o c a conciencia conscientious-
ly. y remorderle a algn la conciencia to
weigh on sb's conscience.
concienciar vt to make aware ( de,
of).
P vpr concienciarse to become aware
(de, of).
concienzudo,-a adj conscientious.
concierto nm 1 ms (sesin) concert;
(composicin) concerto. 2 (acuerdo)
agreement. 3 (armona) concert, con-
cord.
conciliacin nf conciliation, recon-
ciliation.
conciliador,-ra adj conciliatory, con-
ciliating.
conciliar adj conciliar.
P vt 1 (gen) to conciliate, bring to-
gether. 2 (enemigos) to reconcile.
concilio nm council.
concisin nf concision, conciseness.
conciso,-a adj concise, brief.
conciudadano,-a nm & nf fellow citi-
zen.
concluir vt 1 (terminar) to finish. 2 (trato,
negocio) to close.
P vi (finalizar) to finish, come to an
end, conclude.
conclusin nf 1 (final) conclusion,
end. 2 (deduccin) conclusion. l o c en
conclusin in conclusion. y llegar a
una conclusin to come to a conclu-
sion.
concluyente adj conclusive, decisive.
concordancia nf 1 concordance,
agreement. 2 ling agreement.
concordante adj concordant.
concordar vt 1 (poner de acuerdo) to
bring into agreement, reconcile. 2
ling to make agree.
 concordia
P vi 1 (convenir) to agree, coincide,
match. 2 ling to agree.
concordia nf concord, harmony.
concrecin nf (concisin) concision,
conciseness.
concretar vt 1 (precisar) to specify,
state explicitly. 2 (hora, precio) to fix,
set. 3 (resumir) to sum up.
P vpr concretarse (tomar forma) to take
shape.
concreto,-a adj 1 (real) concrete, real.
2 (particular) particular, specific. l o c
en concreto (en particular) in particular,
specifically.
concurrencia nf 1 (confluencia) combi-
nation, concurrence. 2 (participacin)
participation.
concurrido,-a adj 1 (lugar pblico) busy,
crowded. 2 (espectculo) well-attend-
ed, popular.
concurrir vi 1 (juntarse en un lugar - gente)
to gather, come together, meet. 2
(tomar parte - concurso, etc) to compete,
take part.
concursante nm o nf 1 (a concurso) con-
testant, participant, competitor. 2 (a
empleo) candidate.
concursar vi 1 (competir) to compete,
take part. 2 (para un empleo) to be a
candidate.
concurso nm 1 (gen) competition; (de
belleza, deportivo) contest; (en televisin)
quiz. 2 (para puestos) public examina-
tion: 3 fml (concurrencia) gathering.
condado nm county.
conde nm count.
condecoracin nf decoration.
condecorar vt to decorate.
condena nf jur sentence.
condenado,-a adj 1 jur convicted. 2
(sin remedio) hopeless.
condenar vt 1 jur (declarar culpable) to
convict, find guilty. 2 jur (decretar con-
dena) to sentence, condemn. 3 (desa-
probar) to condemn.
condensacin nf 1 (accin) condens-
ing. 2 (efecto) condensation.
condensado,-a adj condensed.
condensador,-ra adj condensing.
78
condensar vt to condense.
condescender vi (adaptarse) to comply
(a, with), consent (a, to).
condescendiente adj (complaciente)
obliging.
condicin nf 1 (naturaleza) nature, con-
dition. 2 (carcter) nature, character. 3
(circunstancia) circumstance, condi-
tion. 4 (estado social) status, position.
5 (calidad) capacity. 6 (exigencia) condi-
tion. l o c a condicin de que... provid-
ed (that) y con la condicin de que...
on the condition that
P nf pl condiciones 1 (estado) condition
sing, state sing. 2 (aptitud) aptitude sing,
talent sing. l o c estar en condiciones de
hacer algo 1 (fsicas) to be fit to do sth.
2 (posicin, autoridad) to be in a posi-
tion to do sth.
condicionado,-a adj conditioned.
condicional adj conditional.
P nm conditional.
condicionar vt 1 (influir en) to condi-
tion, determine. 2 (supeditar) to make
conditional.
condimentar vt to season, flavour
(us flavor).
condimento nm seasoning, flavour-
ing (us flavoring).
condolerse vpr to sympathize (de,
with), feel sorry (de, for), feel pity
(de, for).
cndor nm condor.
conducir vt 1 (guiar) to lead, take,
show. 2 (coche, animales) to drive.
P vi 1 (un coche) to drive. 2 (llevar) to
lead (a, -).
conducta nf conduct, behaviour (us
behavior).
conductividad nf conductivity.
conductivo,-a adj conductive.
conducto nm (tubera) pipe, conduit.
conductor,-ra adj fs conductive.
P nm & nf auto driver.
P nm conductor fs conductor.
conectar vt (gen) to connect (up).
P vi 1 rad tv (sintonizar) to tune in (con,
to); (dar conexin) to tune in ( con ,
 79
with). 2 fam (llevarse bien) to hit it off,
get on well.
conector nm connector.
conejera nf 1 (conejal) rabbit hutch. 2
(madriguera) rabbit warren, rabbit
burrow.
conejero,-a nm & nf rabbit breeder.
conejillo nm young rabbit. c o m p cone
jillo de Indias guinea pig.
conejo,-a nm & nf rabbit.
conexin nf tc connection.
conexo,-a adj connected, related.
confabulacin nf conspiracy, plot.
confabular vi to confabulate, dis-
cuss.
P vpr confabularse to conspire, plot.
confeccin nf 1 (accin) dressmaking,
tailoring; (ropa) off-the-peg clothes
pl, ready-to-wear clothes pl. 2 (reali-
zacin) making, making up.
confeccionar vt (vestido) to make,
make up; (plato) to prepare.
confederacin nf confederation,
confederacy.
confederar vt to confederate.
conferencia nf 1 (charla) talk, lecture.
2 pol conference, meeting. 3 (telfono)
long-distance call. l o c dar una confe
rencia sobre algo to lecture on sth ,
give a lecture on sth.
conferenciante nm o nf lecturer.
conferenciar vi to confer.
conferir vt 1 (conceder) to confer, be-
stow, award. 2 (dar) to give.
confesar vt (reconocer) to confess, ad-
mit.
P vpr confesarse to go to confession,
confess.
confesin nf (expresin) confession,
admission.
confesional adj denominational.
confesionario nm confessional.
confeso,-a adj jur self-confessed.
confesor nm confessor.
confeti nm confetti.
confiado,-a adj 1 (crdulo) unsuspect-
ing, gullible. 2 (seguro) confident,
self-confident.
conformar
confianza nf 1 (seguridad) confidence.
2 (familiaridad) familiarity, intimacy. 3
(presuncin) conceit. l o c de confianza 1
(fiable) reliable. 2 (de responsabilidad)
trustworthy. y en confianza confi-
C
dentially, in confidence. y tener con
fianza en uno mismo to be self-confi-
dent.
confiar vi 1 (tener fe) to trust (en, -),
confide (en, in). 2 (estar seguro) to be
confident, trust. 3 (contar) to count
(en, on), rely (en, on).
P vt 1 (depositar) to entrust. 2 (secretos,
problemas, etc) to confide.
P vpr confiarse (entregarse) to entrust
os.
confidencia nf confidence, secret.
confidencial adj confidential.
confidencialidad nf confidentiality.
configurar vt 1 to form, shape. 2
inform to configure.
confinar vt (recluir) to confine.
confirmacin nf confirmation.
confirmar vt to confirm.
confiscar vt to confiscate.
confitado,-a adj (fruta) candied, glac.
c o m p frutas confitadas candied fruit
sing.
confitar vt (frutas) to candy; (carne) to
preserve.
confitera nf confectioner's, sweet
shop, us candy shop.
confitero,-a nm & nf confectioner.
confitura nf preserve, jam.
conflictividad nf disputes pl.
conflictivo,-a adj (situacin) difficult;
(tema) controversial.
conflicto nm 1 (choque) conflict. 2 fig
(apuro) dilemma. c o m p conflicto labo
ral industrial dispute.
confluencia nf confluence.
confluir vi (personas) to converge, come
together; (ros, caminos, etc) to meet,
converge.
conformar vt 1 (dar forma) to shape. 2
(adaptar) to conform, adjust.
P vpr conformarse (contentarse) to re-
sign os (con, to), be content (con,
with), make do (con, with).
 conforme
conforme adj 1 (satisfecho) satisfied. 2
(de acuerdo) in accordance with, in
keeping with. 3 (resignado) resigned.
l o c conforme a in accordance with,
according to.
P adv 1 (segn, como) as. 2 (en cuanto) as
soon as. 3 (a medida que) as.
conformidad nf (aprobacin) approval,
consent. l o c en conformidad con algo
in conformity with sth, in agree-
ment with.
conformismo nm conformism.
conformista nm o nf conformist.
confort nm comfort.
confortable adj comfortable.
confraternizar vi to fraternize.
confrontacin nf (enfrentamiento) con-
frontation.
confrontar vt 1 (gen) to confront; (ca-
rear) to bring face to face. 2 (cotejar) to
compare (con, with), collate (con,
with).
confundir vt 1 (equivocar) to confuse
(con, with), mistake (con, for). 2 (tur-
bar) to confound, embarrass.
P vpr confundirse 1 (mezclarse) to min-
gle; (colores, formas) to blend. 2 (equivo-
carse) to get mixed up, make a mis-
take. 3 (turbarse) to be confused, be
embarrassed.
confusin nf 1 (desorden) confusion,
chaos. 2 (equivocacin) mistake, confu-
sion.
confuso,-a adj 1 (ideas) confused. 2 (es-
tilo, etc) obscure, confused. 3 fig (turba-
do) confused, embarrassed.
congelacin nf 1 (gen) freezing. 2 (pre-
cios, salarios, etc) freeze. 3 med (gen) ex-
posure; (extremidades) frostbite.
congelado,-a adj 1 (gen) frozen. 2 med
frostbitten.
P nm pl congelados frozen food sing.
congelador nm freezer.
congelar vt 1 (gen) to freeze. 2 med to
cause frostbite on.
P vpr congelarse 1 to freeze. 2 med to
get frostbite.
congeniar vi to get on.
80
congnito,-a adj 1 congenital. 2 fig
innate.
congestin nf congestion.
congestionar vt to congest.
P vpr congestionarse to become con-
gested.
conglomerado nm 1 tc conglomer-
ate. 2 fig conglomeration, collec-
tion.
conglomerar vt to conglomerate.
congratular vt fml to congratulate
on.
P vpr congratularse fml to congratu-
late os (de/por, on).
congregacin nf 1 (reunin) assembly.
2 rel congregation.
congregar vt to congregate, assem-
ble.
P vpr congregarse to congregate, as-
semble.
congresista nm o nf 1 (que asiste a un con-
greso) congress participant. 2 (diputa-
do) member of congress; (hombre)
congressman; (mujer) congresswom-
an.
congreso nm congress. c o m p congreso
de los Diputados Parliament, us Con-
gress.
congrio nm conger, conger eel.
congruencia nf 1 (conveniencia) congru-
ity. 2 mat congruence.
congruente adj 1 (coherente) coherent,
suitable. 2 mat congruent.
cnico,-a adj 1 conical. 2 (en geometra)
conic.
confera nf conifer.
conjetura nf conjecture. l o c hacer
conjeturas to make conjectures.
conjeturar vt to conjecture.
conjugacin nf conjugation.
conjugado,-a adj (enlazado) com-
bined.
conjugar vt to conjugate.
conjuncin nf conjunction.
conjuntamente adv jointly, together.
conjuntar vt to coordinate.
conjuntivitis nf inv conjunctivitis.
 81
conjunto,-a adj 1 (compartido) joint. 2
(combinado) combined. l o c en conjun
to altogether, on the whole.
P nm conjunto 1 (grupo) group, collec-
tion. 2 (todo) whole: 3 (prenda) outfit,
ensemble. 4 ms (clsico) ensemble;
(pop) band, group. 5 mat set. 6 dep
team.
conjura nf plot, conspiracy.
conjuracin nf plot, conspiracy.
conjurar vt (gen) to exorcise; (peligro) to
avert, stave off, ward off.
P vi (conspirar) to conspire ( contra ,
against).
P vpr conjurarse to conspire ( contra,
against).
conjuro nm 1 (exorcismo) exorcism. 2
(encantamiento) spell, incantation.
conmemorar vt to commemorate.
conmemorativo,-a adj commemo-
rative.
conmigo pron with me, to me.
conmocin nf 1 commotion, shock:
causar conmocin to cause a commotion.
2 med concussion. 3 (levantamiento) riot.
c o m p conmocin cerebral concussion.
conmocionar vt 1 to shock. 2 med to
concuss. 3 fig to trouble, disturb.
conmovedor,-ra adj moving, touch-
ing.
conmover vt 1 (persona) to move,
touch. 2 (cosa) to shake.
conmutador nm switch.
conmutar vt 1 (cambiar) to exchange. 2
jur to commute. 3 elec to commu-
tate.
conmutativo,-a adj commutative.
connivencia nf connivance, collu-
sion.
cono nm cone.
conocedor,-ra nm & nf expert ( de,
on), connoisseur (de, of).
conocer vt 1 (gen) to know; (noticia) to
hear. 2 (persona) to meet, get to
know. 3 (reconocer) to recognize. 4
(pas, lugar) to have been to. l o c dar a
conocer to make known.
P vi 1 (saber) to know ( de, about). 2
jur to hear (de, -).
consecutivo
P vpr conocerse (a s mismo) to know
os; (dos o ms personas) to know each
other; (por primera vez) to meet, get to
know.
conocido,-a adj 1 known. 2 (famoso)
well-known. C
conocimiento nm 1 [en 1, tambin se usa
en plural con el mismo significado] (saber)
knowledge. 2 (sensatez) good sense. 3
(conciencia) consciousness. l o c tener co
nocimiento de algo to know about sth.
conquista nf conquest. l o c hacer una
conquista (amorosa) to make a con-
quest.
conquistador,-ra adj conquering.
conquistar vt (con las armas) to con-
quer.
consagracin nf 1 (artista, etc) recogni-
tion. 2 (de una costumbre) establish-
ment. 3 (dedicacin) dedication.
consagrado,-a adj (reconocido) recog-
nized, established.
consagrar vt 1 (palabra, expresin) to es-
tablish. 2 (dedicar) to dedicate. 3 (artis-
ta, etc) to confirm, establish.
consanguneo,-a adj consanguine-
ous.
P nm & nf blood relation.
consanguinidad nf consanguinity,
blood relationship.
consciente adj 1 conscious, aware. 2
med conscious. 3 (responsable) reliable,
responsible. l o c estar consciente to
be conscious. y ser consciente de algo
to be aware of sth.
consecuencia nf 1 consequence, re-
sult. 2 (coherencia) consistency. l o c a
consecuencia de as a consequence
of, as a result of. y como consecuencia
de as a consequence of, as a result
of.
consecuente adj 1 (siguiente) conse-
quent. 2 (resultante) resulting. 3 (cohe-
rente) consistent.
consecutivamente adv consecutive-
ly.
consecutivo,-a adj consecutive.
 conseguir
conseguir vt 1 (cosa) to obtain, get;
(objetivo) to attain, achieve. 2 (lograr)
to manage, succeed in.
consejera nf 1 (lugar) Council. 2 (cargo)
councillor.
consejero,-a nm & nf 1 (asesor) adviser,
advisor, counsellor. 2 pol councillor.
consejo nm 1 (recomendacin) advice. 2
(junta) council, board. l o c pedir con
sejo a algn to ask sb for advice. c o m p
consejo de ministros cabinet.
consenso nm 1 (acuerdo) consensus. 2
(consentimiento) consent, assent.
consensuar vt to reach a consensus
on.
consentido,-a adj (mimado) spoiled,
spoilt.
P nm & nf (persona) spoiled person,
spoilt person; (nio) spoiled child,
spoilt child.
consentimiento nm consent.
consentir vt 1 (tolerar) to allow, per-
mit, tolerate. 2 (mimar) to spoil.
P vi 1 (admitir) to consent ( en , to),
agree (en, to). 2 (ceder) to weaken.
conserje nm 1 (portero) porter; (de hotel)
hall porter. 2 (de escuela) caretaker.
conserva [tambin se usa en plural con el
mismo significado] nf 1 (en lata) tinned
food, canned food. 2 (dulces) pre-
serves pl.
conservacin nf (de alimentos) preser-
vation.
conservador,-ra adj pol conserva-
tive.
P nm & nf 1 pol conservative. 2 (de mu-
seos) curator.
conservadurismo nm conservatism.
conservante nm preservative.
conservar vt 1 (alimentos) to preserve.
2 (guardar) to keep, save.
P vpr conservarse 1 (tradicin, etc) to sur-
vive. 2 fig (mantenerse) to keep well.
conservatorio nm conservatory, con-
servatoire, school of music.
conservero,-a adj canning: industria
conservera canning industry.
considerable adj considerable.
82
considerablemente adv considera-
bly.
consideracin nf 1 (reflexin) consider-
ation, attention: este tema merece nues
tra consideracin this subject deserves
our attention. 2 (respeto) regard. l o c
con consideracin (respeto) respectful-
ly. y en consideracin a considering.
considerar vt (reflexionar) to consider,
think over, think about.
consigna nf (en estacin, etc) left-lug-
gage office, us check-room.
consignar vt 1 (mercancas) to consign,
ship, dispatch. 2 (destinar - dinero, etc)
to allocate. 3 (anotar) to note down.
consigo pron 1 (3 persona singular - hom-
bre) with him; (- mujer) with her; (- co-
sa, animal) with it. 2 (usted) with you.
3 (3 persona plural) with them. 4 (uste-
des) with you.
consiguiente adj consequent, result-
ing, resultant. l o c por consiguiente
therefore, consequently.
consistencia nf (dureza) consistency.
consistente adj 1 (firme) firm, solid. 2
fig sound, solid. 3 culin thick. l o c
consistente en consisting of.
consistir vi 1 (fundarse) to lie (en, in),
consist ( en, in). 2 (estar formado) to
consist (en, of).
consistorial adj rel consistorial. c o m p
casa consistorial town hall.
consola nf 1 (mueble) console table. 2
(de ordenador, etc) console. c o m p consola
de videojuegos games console.
consolar vt to console, comfort.
consolidacin nf consolidation.
consolidar vt to consolidate.
consom nm clear soup, consomm.
consonante nf consonant.
consonntico,-a adj consonantal,
consonant.
conspiracin nf conspiracy, plot.
conspirador,-ra nm & nf conspirator.
conspirar vi to conspire, plot.
constancia nf 1 (perseverancia) constan-
cy, perseverance. 2 (evidencia) evi-
dence, proof. l o c dejar constancia de
algo (probar) to prove sth.
 83
constante adj 1 (invariable) constant. 2
(persona) steadfast.
P nf mat constant.
constantemente adv constantly.
constar vi 1 (consistir en) to consist (de,
of), be made up (de, of), comprise
(de, -). 2 (figurar) to figure, be includ-
ed, appear. 3 (ser cierto) to be a fact. 4
(quedar claro) to be clear, be known.
l o c hacer constar 1 (sealar) to point
out, state. 2 (escribir) to put down, in-
clude.
constatar vt to verify, confirm.
constelacin nf constellation.
consternar vt to dismay, shatter.
constipado,-a nm med cold. l o c estar
constipado,-a to have a cold.
constiparse vpr to catch a cold.
constitucin nf constitution.
constitucional adj constitutional.
constituyente adj constituent.
construccin nf 1 construction: la in
dustria de la construccin the construction
industry. 2 (edificio) building. l o c en
construccin under construction.
constructivo,-a adj constructive.
constructor,-ra adj construction,
building.
P nm & nf (de edificios) builder; (de barcos)
shipbuilder.
construir vt to construct, build.
consuelo nm consolation, comfort.
cnsul nm o nf consul.
consulado nm 1 (oficina) consulate. 2
(cargo) consulship.
consular adj consular.
consulta nf 1 (accin) consultation. 2
med surgery, us doctor's office; (con-
sultorio) consulting room. l o c pasar
consulta to see patients, hold sur-
gery.
consultar vt 1 (pedir opinin) to consult
( con , with/-), seek advice ( con ,
from): consult con mis padres I consult-
ed with my parents. 2 (buscar en un libro)
to look up. l o c consultar con un abo
gado to consult a lawyer, take legal
advice.
consultor,-ra nm & nf consultant.
contaminacin
consultorio nm med (consulta) surgery,
us doctor's office; (habitacin) con-
sulting room.
consumar vt (terminar) to complete,
carry out.
consumicin nf 1 consumption. 2 C
(bebida) drink.
consumidor,-ra nm & nf consumer.
consumir vt 1 (gastar, usar) to con-
sume, use. 2 (destruir) to destroy,
consume.
P vpr consumirse 1 (extinguirse) to burn
out. 2 fig (afligirse) to waste away.
consumismo nm consumerism.
consumista nm o nf consumerist.
consumo nm consumption.
contabilidad nf 1 (profesin) account-
ancy; (carrera) accounting. 2 (de empre-
sa, etc) accounting, bookkeeping. l o c
llevar la contabilidad to keep the
books.
contabilizar vt to enter in the books.
contable nm o nf bookkeeper, ac-
countant.
P adj countable.
contactar vt to contact, get in touch
(con, with).
contacto nm 1 contact. 2 auto igni-
tion. l o c ponerse en contacto con to
get in touch with, get in contact
with.
contado,-a adj few. c o m p en contadas
ocasiones seldom, rarely.
contador,-ra nm meter.
contagiar vt 1 (enfermedad) to transmit,
pass on. 2 fig to infect, pass on,
give.
P vpr contagiarse 1 (enfermar) to get in-
fected. 2 (transmitirse) to be conta-
gious: esta enfermedad no se contagia this
disease is not contagious.
contagio nm med contagion, infec-
tion.
contagioso,-a adj infectious, conta-
gious: enfermedad contagiosa infectious
disease; risa contagiosa infectious laugh.
continer nm container.
contaminacin nf contamination; (de
agua, aire) pollution.
contaminante
contaminante nm polluting agent.
contaminar vt to contaminate; (agua,
aire) to pollute.
contar vt 1 (calcular) to count. 2 (expli-
car) to tell: me cont un cuento she told
me a story.
P vi to count: los nios saben contar the
children know how to count.
contemplacin nf (accin) contempla-
tion.
contemplar vt (mirar) to contemplate.
contemplativo,-a adj contempla-
tive.
contemporneo,-a adj contempo-
rary.
contenedor,-ra adj containing.
P nm contenedor container.
contener vt 1 (incluir) to contain, hold.
2 (detener) to hold back, restrain. 3
(respiracin) to hold.
contenido,-a adj (moderado) moderate,
reserved.
P nm contenido content, contents pl.
contentar vt (satisfacer) to please, con-
tent.
P vpr contentarse (conformarse) to make
do ( con , with), be satisfied ( con ,
with).
contento,-a adj happy, pleased: estoy
contento de conocerle I'm pleased to meet
you.
contestacin nf (respuesta) answer, re-
ply.
contestador nm answering machine.
contestar vt (responder) to answer.
contienda nf contest, dispute, strug-
gle.
contigo pron with you.
contiguo,-a adj contiguous ( a, to),
adjoining, adjacent (a, to).
continental adj continental.
continente nm geog continent.
continuacin nf continuation, fol-
low-up. l o c a continuacin next.
continuador,-ra adj continuing.
P nm & nf continuator.
continuamente adv continuously.
continuar vt (proseguir) to continue,
carry on.
84
continuidad nf continuity.
continuo,-a adj 1 (seguido) continuous.
2 (continuado) continual, constant.
contornar vt 1 (dar vueltas) to skirt. 2
(hacer los perfiles) to trace the outline
of.
contorno nm 1 (perfil) outline; (perme-
tro) perimeter. 2 (canto) rim, edge.
contorsionarse vpr to contort os,
twist os.
contorsionista nm o nf contortionist.
contra prep 1 against: tres contra uno
three against one. 2 for: un producto con
tra las picaduras de mosquitos a product
for mosquito bites. l o c en contra
against: estaba en contra he was against
it.
contraatacar vt to counterattack.
contraataque nm counterattack.
contrabajo nm (instrumento) double
bass.
contrabandista nm o nf smuggler.
contrabando nm 1 smuggling, con-
traband. 2 (mercancas) smuggled
goods pl, contraband. l o c pasar algo
de contrabando to smuggle sth in.
contraccin nf contraction.
contrachapado nm plywood.
contracorriente nf crosscurrent.
contractura nf contracture.
contradecir vt (decir lo contrario) to con-
tradict.
contradiccin nf contradiction. l o c
estar en contradiccin con to be in-
consistent with, contradictory to.
contradictorio,-a adj contradictory.
contraer vt 1 (encoger) to contract: con
traer un msculo to contract a muscle. 2
(enfermedad) to catch. 3 (deuda) to con-
tract, incur; (hbito) to pick up. 4 ling
to contract.
contrafuerte nm arquit buttress.
contrahecho,-a adj deformed,
hunchbacked.
contraindicacin nf med contraindi-
cation.
contraindicar vt med to contraindi-
cate.
contralto nm o nf contralto.
 85
contraluz nm o nf view against the
light, back light.
l o c a contraluz against the light.
contraofensiva nf counteroffensive.
contraorden nf countermand.
contrapartida nf 1 com balancing en-
try. 2 fig compensation.
contrapesar vt 1 to counterbalance,
counterpoise. 2 fig to balance, off-
set.
contrapeso nm 1 counterweight. 2
fig counterbalance.
contraponer vt 1 (oponer) to set in op-
position ( a, to). 2 fig (contrastar) to
contrast (a, with).
contraportada nf back page, back
cover.
contraposicin nf 1 (contraste) con-
trast. 2 (oposicin) conflict, clash: con
traposicin de intereses conflict of inter-
ests. l o c estar en contraposicin to
clash.
contraprestacin nf contractual ob-
ligation.
contraproducente adj counterpro-
ductive.
contrapuesto,-a adj opposed.
contrapunto nm counterpoint.
contra-reloj adj against the clock.
P nm (en ciclismo) time trial.
contrariamente adv contrary (a, to).
contrariar vi 1 (oponerse) to oppose, go
against. 2 (disgustar) to annoy, upset:
no quera contrariarte I didn't want to up-
set you.
contrario,-a adj 1 (opuesto) contrary,
opposite: iba en sentido contrario he was
going in the opposite direction. 2 (perju-
dicial) harmful (a, to), bad (a, for): el
fumar es contrario a la salud smoking is
bad for your health. l o c al contrario on
the contrary. y de lo contrario other-
wise. y llevar la contraria a algn to op-
pose sb. y por el contrario on the con-
trary. y todo lo contrario quite the
opposite.
P nm & nf opponent, adversary, rival.
contrarreloj adj against the clock.
control
P nf race against the clock. c o m p (eta
pa) contrarreloj time trial.
contrarrestar vt (hacer frente) to resist,
oppose.
contrasentido nm 1 (contradiccin) con-
tradiction. 2 (disparate) piece of non- C
sense: eso es un contrasentido that's non-
sense.
contrasea nf (sea) secret sign; (pala-
bra) password.
contrastar vt (comprobar) to check,
verify.
P vi (oponerse) to contrast (con, with).
contraste nm (oposicin) contrast.
contratacin nf 1 (contrato - obrero) hir-
ing; (- empleado) engagement. 2 (pedi-
do) total orders pl, volume of busi-
ness.
contratar vt 1 (servicio, etc) to sign a
contract for. 2 (obrero) to hire; (emplea-
do) to engage.
contratiempo nm (contrariedad) set-
back, hitch; (accidente) mishap.
contratista nm o nf contractor. c o m p
contratista de obras building con-
tractor.
contrato nm contract. c o m p contrato
de alquiler lease, leasing agreement.
y contrato de compraventa contract of
sale. y contrato de trabajo work con-
tract. y contrato temporal temporary
contract.
contraventana nf shutter.
contrayente adj contracting.
P nm o nf (en matrimonio) contracting
party.
contribucin nf 1 contribution. 2 (im-
puesto) tax.
contribuir vt (pagar) to pay.
P vi 1 (aportar) to contribute: contribuir
a los gastos to contribute to the expens-
es. 2 (pagar impuestos) to pay taxes.
contribuyente nm o nf taxpayer.
contrincante nm opponent, rival.
control nm 1 (gen) control. 2 (comproba-
cin) check. 3 (sitio) checkpoint. l o c
estar bajo control to be under con-
trol. y estar fuera de control to be out
of control. c o m p control a distancia
controlador
remote control. y control de natalidad
birth control.
controlador,-ra adj control.
P nm & nf (areo) air traffic controller.
controlar vt 1 (gen) to control. 2 (com-
probar) to check.
P vpr controlarse (moderarse) to control
os.
contundente adj fig (categrico) con-
vincing, overwhelming, weighty:
un no contundente a firm no.
contusin nf contusion, bruise.
contusionar vt to contuse, bruise.
convalecencia nf convalescence.
convalecer vi to convalesce (de, af-
ter), recover (de, from).
convaleciente adj convalescent.
P nm o nf convalescent.
convalidacin nf 1 educ validation. 2
(documentos) ratification, authentica-
tion.
convalidar vt 1 educ to validate. 2 (do-
cumentos) to ratify, authenticate.
convencer vt 1 (de algo) to convince;
(para hacer algo) to persuade: lo conven
cieron de su error they convinced him of
his mistake. 2 fam (en frases negativas) to
like, be keen on: ese color no me acaba
de convencer I'm not sure about that col-
our.
P vi to be convincing: el equipo local no
convenci con su actuacin the local
team's performance was not very con-
vincing.
P vpr convencerse to become con-
vinced, be convinced, convince os:
se convenci de que era guapo he con-
vinced himself that he was good-look-
ing.
convencimiento nm conviction. l o c
llegar al convencimiento de que... to
be convinced that
convencin nf 1 (congreso) convention,
congress. 2 (acuerdo) convention,
treaty. 3 (costumbre) convention.
convencional adj conventional.
convencionalismo nm conventional-
ism, conventionality.
86
conveniencia nf 1 (utilidad) useful-
ness. 2 (oportunidad) suitability, advis-
ability: la conveniencia de estas medidas
the advisability of these measures. 3
(provecho) interest, benefit: solo se
preocupa de su propia conveniencia he only
looks out for his own interests. c o m p
conveniencias sociales social conven-
tions. y matrimonio de conveniencia
marriage of convenience.
conveniente adj 1 (til) useful. 2 (opor-
tuno) suitable, convenient. 3 (ventajo-
so) advantageous. 4 (aconsejable) ad-
visable. 5 (precio) good, fair. l o c creer
conveniente to think advisable, be
better.
convenientemente adv (adecuadamen-
te) suitably; (bien) properly.
convenio nm agreement, treaty. c o m p
convenio colectivo / convenio laboral
collective agreement.
convenir vt (acordar) to agree, arrange:
convenimos el precio we agreed the price.
P vi 1 (acordar) to agree: convinimos en la
fecha we agreed on the date. 2 (ser opor-
tuno o conveniente) to be good for: no te
conviene hacer esfuerzos it's not good for
you to exert yourself. 3 (ser adecuado o
propio) to suit: ese chico no te conviene
that boy is not right for you. l o c convie
ne + inf it is as well to + inf: conviene
mencionar que... it's as well to mention
that y conviene que + subj it is better
that, it is advisable + inf: conviene que
te vayas it is better that you go.
convento nm (de monjas) convent; (de
monjes) monastery.
converger vi to converge, come to-
gether.
convergir vi to converge, come to-
gether.
conversacin nf conversation, talk.
l o c dar conversacin a algn to talk to
sb, keep sb chatting. y entablar con
versacin con algn to get into conver-
sation with sb, engage sb in conver-
sation.
conversador,-ra adj talkative.
P nm & nf conversationalist, talker.
 87
conversar vi to converse (con, with),
talk (con, to).
conversin nf conversion.
convertir vt (transformar) to change,
turn, transform, convert.
P vpr convertirse 1 (transformarse) to
turn (en, into), change (en, into). 2
(volverse) to become (en, -), turn (en,
into): su sueo se convirti en realidad his
dream came true.
convexo,-a adj convex.
conviccin nf conviction: tengo la con
viccin de que vendrn I firmly believe
that they'll come.
convidado,-a adj invited.
P nm & nf guest.
convidar vt 1 (invitar) to invite: me con
vid a una fiesta he invited me to a party.
2 (ofrecer) to offer: nos convid a pastel he
offered us some cake.
convincente adj convincing.
convincentemente adv convincing-
ly.
convite nm 1 (invitacin) invitation. 2
(comida) meal; (fiesta) party.
convivencia nf 1 living together. 2 fig
coexistence.
convivir vi 1 to live together. 2 fig to
coexist. l o c saber convivir to give
and take.
convocar vt to convoke, summon,
call together. l o c convocar una reu
nin to call a meeting.
convocatoria nf 1 (citacin) convoca-
tion, summons sing, call to a meet-
ing. 2 educ examination: convocatoria
de septiembre (September) resits pl.
convoy nm 1 (escolta) convoy. 2 (tren)
train.
conyugal adj conjugal. c o m p vida con
yugal married life.
cnyuge nm o nf (gen) spouse, partner;
(marido) husband; (mujer) wife.
P nm pl cnyuges husband and wife,
married couple sing.
coac nm cognac, brandy.
cooperacin nf cooperation.
cooperar vi to cooperate.
cooperativa nf cooperative.
coqueteo
coordenada nf coordinate.
coordinacin nf coordination.
coordinador,-ra adj coordinating.
P nm & nf coordinator.
coordinadora nf (comit) coordinating
committee. C
coordinar vt to coordinate: coordina
ron la compaa they coordinated the
campaign.
copa nf 1 (vaso) glass; (bebida) drink: te
apetece una copa? do you fancy a drink?
2 (de rbol) top. 3 (trofeo) cup.
P nf pl copas (naipes) hearts.
copete nm 1 (cabello) tuft. 2 (penacho)
crest. 3 (de montaa, helado) top.
copia nf 1 (gen) copy. 2 (de fotografa)
print. 3 fig (persona) image: es la copia
de su padre he's the image of his father.
l o c sacar una copia to make a copy.
copiadora nf photocopier.
copiar vt 1 (gen) to copy: lo copi del libro
he copied it from the book. 2 educ to
cheat, copy. 3 (escribir) to take down.
l o c copiar al pie de la letra to copy
word for word.
copiloto nm 1 av copilot. 2 auto co-
driver.
copioso,-a adj 1 fml (abundante) plenti-
ful, abundant, copious. 2 fml (lluvia)
heavy; (cabello) long.
copista nm o nf copyist.
copla nf 1 (verso, estrofa) verse, stanza. 2
(cancin) popular folk song.
copo nm (gen) flake; (de nieve) snow-
flake; (de algodn) ball (of cotton).
c o m p copos de avena rolled oats.
coproduccin nf co-production, joint
production.
coproductor,-ra nm & nf co-produc-
er.
copropiedad nf joint ownership.
coprotagonizar vt to co-star (-, in).
copulativo,-a adj copulative.
coque nm coke.
coqueta nf 1 (mujer) flirt, coquette. 2
(mueble) dressing table.
coquetear vi to flirt.
coqueteo nm flirtation.
 coquetera
coquetera nf coquetry, flirting, flir-
tation.
coraje nm 1 (valor) courage, toughness.
2 (ira) anger. dar coraje fam to in-
loc
furiate, make furious: me da coraje que
haya ganado l it makes me furious that
he won. y echarle coraje a algo to put
some spirit into sth.
coral1 adj ms choral.
P nf ms (grupo) choir, choral society.
P nm ms (composicin) choral, chorale.
coral2 nm zool coral.
P nm pl corales coral beads.
coralina nf coralline.
coralino,-a adj coral.
Corn nm Koran.
cornico,-a adj Koranic.
coraza nf 1 (armadura) armour (us ar-
mor), cuirass. 2 (caparazn) shell, car-
apace. 3 fig (proteccin) armour (us ar-
mor), protection.
corazn nm 1 anat heart. 2 fig (parte
central) heart, core: en el corazn de la
ciudad in the heart of the city. 3 (de fruta)
core. 4 (apelativo) darling, dear,
sweetheart. l o c abrir el corazn a algn
fig to open one's heart to sb. y de to
do corazn fig sincerely, in all sincer-
ity. y estar con el corazn en un puo
fig to have one's heart in one's
mouth. y estar enfermo del corazn to
have heart trouble.
P nm pl corazones (naipes) hearts.
corazonada nf (sentimiento) hunch,
feeling, inkling: tuve la corazonada de
que l no estaba I had a hunch that he
wasn't there.
corbata nf tie, us necktie: iba con corba
ta he was wearing a tie.
corcel nm lit steed, charger.
corchea nf quaver.
corchete nm 1 cost hook and eye,
snap fastener. 2 (signo impreso) square
bracket.
corcho nm 1 cork; (corteza) cork bark. 2
(tapn) cork. 3 (para pescar, nadar) float.
4 (tabla) cork mat. 5 (tabln para anun-
cios, notas) cork board.
cordada nf rope.
88
cordel nm rope, cord.
cordelera nf 1 (oficio) ropemaking. 2
(cuerdas) ropes pl.
cordero,-a nm & nf 1 lamb. 2 fig (perso-
na dcil) lamb, angel.
P nm cordero 1 (piel) lambskin. 2 (carne
- joven) lamb; (- crecido) mutton. l o c ser
manso como un cordero to be as gen-
tle as a lamb.
cordial adj (afectuoso) cordial, friendly,
warm: una bienvenida cordial a warm
welcome.
cordialidad nf cordiality, warmth,
friendliness.
cordialmente adv 1 cordially, warm-
ly. 2 (despedida en carta) sincerely.
cordillera nf mountain range, moun-
tain chain.
cordn nm 1 (cuerda) string. 2 (de zapa-
tos) shoelace, shoestring.
cordoncillo nm 1 (en tejido) rib, ribbing.
2 (bordado) braid, piping.
cordura nf good sense. l o c con cordu
ra sensibly, prudently, wisely.
Corea nf Korea. c o m p Corea del Norte
North Korea. y Corea del Sur South
Korea.
coreano,-a adj Korean.
P nm & nf (persona) Korean.
P nm coreano (idioma) Korean.
corear vt 1 (cantar) to chorus, sing in
chorus. 2 (hablar) to chorus, speak in
chorus. 3 fig (aclamar) to applaud.
coreografa nf choreography.
coreografiar vt to choreograph.
coregrafo,-a nm & nf choreogra-
pher.
corindn nm corundum.
corinto,-a adj maroon.
P nm corinto (color) maroon.
cormorn nm cormorant.
cornada nf goring.
cornalina nf cornelian, carnelian.
cornamenta nf (gen) horns pl; (del cier-
vo) antlers pl.
cornamusa nf bagpipe.
crnea nf cornea.
cornear vt to gore.
corneja nf crow.
 89
cornejo nm dogwood.
crneo,-a adj hornlike, corneous.
crner nm dep (lugar) corner; (golpe) cor-
ner, corner kick. lanzar un crner
loc
/ sacar un crner / tirar un crner to
take a corner.
corneta nf (instrumento) bugle.
cornisa nf arquit cornice.
coro nm 1 ms choir. 2 teat chorus.
l o c a coro fig all together. y hacer coro
fig to join in the chorus.
corola nf corolla.
corona nf 1 (aro, cerco) crown. 2 (de flo-
res, etc) wreath, garland, crown. 3 fig
(dignidad real) King's, Queen's: el dis
curso de la corona the King's speech. 4 fig
(reino) crown, kingdom. 5 (aureola)
halo. 6 (en geometra) annulus, ring.
c o m p corona solar solar corona.
coronacin nf 1 coronation. 2 fig (cul-
minacin) crowning.
coronar vt to crown.
P vi to crown.
coronel nm colonel.
coronilla nf (parte de la cabeza) crown of
the head. l o c estar hasta la coronilla
fam to be fed up (de, with).
corpio nm bodice.
corporacin nf corporation. c o m p cor
poracin metropolitana city corpora-
tion.
corporativo,-a adj corporative, cor-
porate. c o m p imagen corporativa cor-
porate image.
corpulencia nf corpulence, stout-
ness.
corpulento,-a adj corpulent, stocky,
stout.
corral nm 1 (de casa) yard, courtyard. 2
(de granja) farmyard, us corral.
correa nf 1 (tira de piel) strap, leather
strip. 2 (de perro) lead, leash. 3 (de reloj)
watchstrap. 4 (cinturn) belt. 5 tc
belt.
correccin nf 1 (rectificacin) correction.
2 (educacin) courtesy, correctness,
politeness, good manners pl . l o c
tratar con correccin to be polite.
correccional adj correctional.
correr
P nm detention centre, reformatory.
correctamente adv 1 (sin errores) cor-
rectly, accurately. 2 (con educacin)
correctly, politely, properly.
correcto,-a adj 1 (sin errores) correct,
accurate. 2 (adecuado) suitable. 3 (edu- C
cado) polite, courteous. 4 (conducta)
proper.
corrector,-ra adj corrective.
P nm & nf (de pruebas impresas) proof-
reader.
corredero,-a adj sliding: ventana corre
dera sliding window.
corredor,-ra adj 1 running. 2 (ave)
flightless: ave corredora flightless bird.
P nm & nf 1 dep runner; (de coches) driv-
er. 2 fin broker. c o m p corredor,-ra de
bolsa stockbroker. y corredor,-ra de
coches racing driver. y corredor,-ra de
fondo long-distance runner.P nm co
rredor (pasillo) corridor, gallery.
corregir vt 1 (amendar) to correct, rec-
tify. 2 (reprender) to reprimand, scold,
tell off. 3 educ to mark.
correlacin nf correlation.
correlativo,-a adj correlative.
correo nm 1 (servicio, correspondencia)
post, us mail. 2 (persona) courier.
l o c echar al correo to post, us mail. y
por correo by post, us by mail. c o m p
apartado de correos (post office) box.
y correo areo airmail. y correo certifi
cado registered post, us registered
mail. y correo electrnico electronic
mail, e-mail. y correo urgente special
delivery.
P nm pl correos (oficina) post office sing.
correr vi 1 (gen) to run: se march corrien
do she ran off. 2 (darse prisa) to rush,
hurry: corre, es tarde! hurry up, it's late!
3 (viento) to blow. 4 (agua) to flow,
run. 5 (tiempo) to pass, fly. 6 (conductor)
to drive fast. 7 (coche) to go fast. 8
(puerta, ventana) to slide.
P vt 1 (distancia) to cover; (pas) to trav-
el through. 2 (carrera) to run; (caballo)
to race, run. 3 (echar) to close; (cortina)
to draw; (cerrojo) to bolt. 4 (mover) to
pull up, move, draw up: corre la mesa
move the table. 5 (estar expuesto) to run:
 correspondencia
correr un peligro to run a risk. 6 (aventura)
to have. l o c a todo correr at full
speed. y correr mundo to be a globe-
trotter. y correr un peligro to be in
danger.
P vpr correrse 1 (persona) to move
over; (objeto) to shift, slide. 2 (color, tin-
ta) to run. 3 (media) to ladder. 4 (aver-
gonzarse) to blush, go red.
correspondencia nf 1 (gen) corre-
spondence. 2 (cartas) post, us mail. 3
(de trenes, etc) connection. l o c mante
ner correspondencia con algn to corre-
spond with sb. c o m p curso por corres
pondencia correspondence course.
corresponder vi 1 (ser adecuado) to be-
come, befit; (color, aspecto) to match,
go with: los zapatos no corresponden al
vestido the shoes don't go with the
dress. 2 (encajar) to correspond (a, to),
tally (a, with); (descripcin) to fit. 3
(pertenecer) to belong, pertain: esta me
sa corresponde a mi habitacin this table
belongs in my bedroom.
P vt 1 (ser el turno) to be one's turn: me
corresponde a mi it's my turn. 2 (en un re-
parto) to get. 3 (incumbir) to be the job
of, be the responsibility of: eso te co
rresponde a ti that's your job. 4 (devolver)
to return; (amabilidad) to repay.
P vpr corresponderse 1 (ajustarse) to
correspond; (cifras) to tally: la direccin
que te dio no se corresponde con la que yo
tengo the address he gave you doesn't
correspond to the one I have. 2 (armoni-
zar) to be in harmony, go with. 3
(amarse) to love each other.
correspondiente adj 1 (que corresponde)
corresponding ( a, to). 2 (apropiado)
suitable, appropriate. 3 (respectivo)
own.
corresponsal nm o nf correspondent.
corretear vi 1 fam (correr) to run about.
2 fam (vagar) to hang about.
corrida nf 1 (carrera) run, race. 2 (de to-
ros) bullfight.
corriente adj 1 (comn) ordinary, aver-
age: personas corrientes ordinary people.
2 (agua) running. 3 (fecha) current,
present: el cinco del corriente mes the
90
fifth of this month. 4 (cuenta) current.
l o c al corriente 1 (actualizado) up to
date. 2 (enterado) aware. 3 (informado)
informed, in the know: ests al co
rriente de lo que ha pasado? do you know
what's happened? y ir a contra corriente
fig to go against the tide. y seguirle la
corriente a algn to humour ( us hu-
mor) sb. y tener al corriente to keep
informed. y corriente sangunea
bloodstream.
P nm (mes) current month, this month.
P nf 1 (masa de agua) current, stream,
flow. 2 (de aire) draught (us draft). 3
elec current.
corrientemente adv usually, normal-
ly.
corro nm 1 (cerco) circle, ring. 2 (juego)
ring-a-ring o'roses. 3 (en la bolsa)
round enclosure.
corroer vt 1 (desgastar) to corrode. 2
geol to erode.
corromper vt 1 (pudrir) to turn bad. 2
(pervertir) to corrupt, pervert. 3 (sobor-
nar) to bribe.
P vpr corromperse 1 (pudrirse) to go
bad, rot. 2 (pervertirse) to become cor-
rupted.
corrosivo,-a adj 1 corrosive. 2 fig
caustic.
P nm corrosivo corrosive.
corrupcin nf 1 (putrefaccin) rot, de-
cay. 2 fig corruption, degradation. 3
fig (soborno) bribery.
corrupto,-a adj corrupt.
corruptor,-ra adj corrupting.
P nm & nf corrupter, perverter.
corsario,-a adj privateer.
P nm corsario privateer.
cors nm corset.
corsetera nf ladies' underwear
shop.
corta nf tree felling.
cortacsped nm & nf lawnmower.
cortacircuitos nm inv circuit breaker.
cortado,-a adj 1 (troceado) cut; (en lon-
chas) sliced. 2 (leche) sour. 3 fam (aturdi-
do) dumbfounded. l o c quedarse
cortado,-a 1 fam (sin palabras) to be
speechless, be lost for words. 2
 91
(avergonzado) to become embar-
rassed.
P nm cortado (caf) coffee with a dash
of milk.
cortador,-ra adj cutting.
P nm & nf (sastre, zapatero) cutter.
cortadora nf cutting machine.
cortafro nm cold chisel.
cortafuego nm 1 (en el campo) fire-
break. 2 (en un edificio) firewall. 3
inform firewall.
cortante adj 1 (que corta) cutting,
sharp. 2 fig (aire) biting. 3 fig (persona,
estilo) sharp, brusque.
cortaplumas nm inv penknife.
cortar vt 1 (gen) to cut. 2 (pelo) to cut,
trim. 3 (rbol) to cut down. 4 (carne) to
carve. 5 (pastel) to cut up. 6 (cabeza,
telfono, gas) to cut off. 7 (mayonesa, le-
che) to curdle. 8 (piel) to chap, crack.
9 (viento, fro) to chill, bite. 10 cost to
cut out. 11 (interrumpir) to cut off, in-
terrupt. 12 (bloquear) to block: cortaron
la carretera the road was blocked. 13 (su-
primir) to cut out. 14 fig (separar) to di-
vide, split, cut. l o c corta el rollo! fam
knock it off! y cortar con algn fam to
split up with sb. y cortar el queque
fam to be the boss. y cortar en seco fig
to cut short. y cortar la digestin to
give one indigestion, upset one's
stomach. y cortar la palabra to inter-
rupt. y cortar por lo sano fam to take
drastic measures.
P vpr cortarse 1 to cut: este metal se cor
ta fcilmente this metal cuts easily. 2 (he-
rirse) to cut, cut os: me he cortado I've
cut myself. 3 (el pelo - por otro) to have
one's hair cut; (- uno mismo) to cut
one's hair: te has cortado el pelo? have
you had your hair cut? 4 (piel) to be-
come chapped. 5 (leche) to go off,
curdle; (mayonesa) to curdle. 6 (comuni-
cacin) to be cut off.
cortaas nm inv nail clippers.
corte1 nf 1 (del rey, etc) court. 2 (squito)
retinue. 3 am (tribunal) court.
P nf pl las Cortes the Spanish Parlia-
ment sing.
cosa
corte nm 1 (gen) cut: me he hecho un cor
2
te en el dedo I've cut my finger. 2 (filo)
edge. 3 (seccin) section: corte horizontal
horizontal section. 4 (de pelo) cut, hair-
cut. 5 (de helado) wafer, us ice-cream
sandwich. 6 fam fig (vergenza) em- C
barrassment: le daba corte entrar y se
qued fuera he was too embarrassed to
go in so he stayed outside. l o c dar un
corte a algn fam to cut sb dead.
cortejar vt to court.
cortejo nm 1 (acompaantes) entourage,
retinue. 2 (galanteo) courting.
corts adj courteous, polite.
cortesano,-a adj 1 (de la corte) court. 2
(corts) courteous, courtly.
P nm & nf (de la corte) courtier.
cortesa nf 1 (educacin) courtesy, po-
liteness. 2 (en cartas) formal ending. 3
(tratamiento) title. 4 (reverencia) bow,
curtsy. 5 (regalo) present: esta bolsa es
una cortesa de la empresa this bag is cour-
tesy of the company.
cortina nf 1 curtain. 2 fig curtain,
screen. l o c correr las cortinas to
draw the curtains. c o m p cortina de
humo fig smoke screen.
cortinaje nm drapery.
corto,-a adj 1 (extensin) short: distancia
corta short distance. 2 (duracin) short,
brief: una pelcula corta a short film. 3
(escaso) scant, meagre (us meager). 4
fig (tonto) thick, dim. 5 fig (tmido) shy,
timid. l o c corto,-a de miras fam nar-
row-minded. y corto,-a de vista
short-sighted. y quedarse corto,-a 1
(ropa) to become too short: el panta
ln se me ha quedado corto my trousers
have become too short for me. 2 (calcu-
lar mal) to underestimate, miscalcu-
late: te quedaste corto con los bocadillos
you didn't make enough sandwiches.
P nm corto short film, short.
cortocircuito nm short circuit.
cortometraje nm short film, short.
corva nf back of the knee.
corzo,-a nm & nf (macho) roe buck;
(hembra) roe deer.
cosa nf 1 (gen) thing: coge tus cosas take
your things, take your stuff. 2 (asunto)
 cosaco
matter, business: es cosa tuya it's your
business. 3 (nada) nothing, not any-
thing: no hay cosa igual there's nothing
like it.
l o c como cosa tuya as if it were your
idea. y como si tal cosa just like that. y
es cosa de... 1 (tiempo) it's time to 2
(cuestin) it's a matter of y no valer
gran cosa not to be worth much. y
ser cosa hecha fam to be no sooner
said than done.
P nf pl cosas fam (manas) hang-ups:
son cosas de nios kids do that kind of
thing.
cosaco,-a adj Cossack.
P nm cosaco Cossack.
coscorrn nm blow on the head,
knock on the head.
cosecante nf cosecant.
cosecha nf 1 harvest, crop. 2 (tiempo)
harvest time. 3 (ao del vino) vintage.
l o c de cosecha propia 1 (hortalizas, fru-
ta) home-grown. 2 fig (ideas, etc) of
one's own invention.
cosechadora nf combine harvester.
cosechar vi to harvest, reap.
P vt 1 (recoger) to harvest. 2 (cultivar) to
grow.
coseno nm cosine.
coser vt 1 (unir) to sew; (un botn) to
sew on; (pespuntes, etc) to stitch: le cos
los pantalones I sewed up her trousers. 2
med to stitch up. 3 (grapar) to staple
together. 4 fig (unir) to join.
cosido nm 1 sewing. 2 med stitching.
cosificar vt to trivialize, belittle.
cosmtica nf cosmetics pl.
cosmtico,-a adj cosmetic.
P nm cosmtico cosmetic.
csmico,-a adj cosmic.
cosmogona nf cosmogony.
cosmografa nf cosmography.
cosmogrfico,-a adj cosmographic,
cosmographical.
cosmologa nf cosmology.
cosmolgico,-a adj cosmologic, cos-
mological.
cosmonauta nm o nf cosmonaut.
cosmonave nf spaceship, spacecraft.
92
cosmopolita adj cosmopolitan.
P nm o nf cosmopolitan.
cosmos nm inv cosmos.
cosquillas nf pl tickling sing. l o c hacer
cosquillas a algn to tickle sb. y tener
cosquillas to be ticklish. y buscarle las
cosquillas a algn fam to needle sb, an-
noy sb.
cosquilleo nm tickling.
costa1 nf (litoral) coast, coastline; (playa)
beach, seaside, us shore: tenemos una
casa en la costa we have a house at the
seaside, us we have a house on the
shore.
costa2 nf fin cost, price. l o c a costa de
1 (aprovechndose) at the expense of. 2
(a base de) by, by dint of, by means
of: lo consigui a costa de muchos sacrifi
cios he managed it by making a lot of
sacrifices. y a toda costa at all costs, at
any price.
P nf pl costas jur costs.
Costa de Marfil nf Ivory Coast.
costado nm side.
P nm pl costados lineage sing. l o c por
los cuatro costados through and
through.
costar vi 1 (valer) to cost: cunto cost?
how much was it? 2 (ser difcil) to be
hard, be difficult; (resultar difcil) to be
difficult for: cuesta encontrar trabajo it's
hard to find a job. 3 (tiempo) to take: me
cost cuatro horas it took me four hours.
l o c costar barato,-a to be cheap. y
costar caro,-a 1 to be expensive, cost
a lot. 2 to pay dearly for sth: esa afir
macin le costar cara he'll pay dearly for
saying that. y costar mucho / costar tra
bajo to be difficult, be hard work.
Costa Rica nf Costa Rica.
costarricense adj Costa Rican.
P nm o nf Costa Rican.
coste nm cost, price, expense. c o m p
coste de la vida cost of living.
costear vt (pagar) to pay for, afford: su
padre le coste el viaje his father paid for
his journey.
P vpr costearse to pay one's way.
costero,-a adj coastal, coast.
costilla nf 1 anat rib. 2 culin cutlet.
 93
P nf pl costillas fam (espalda) back sing.
costillar nm ribs pl.
costo nm cost, price.
costoso,-a adj 1 (caro) costly, expen-
sive. 2 (difcil) hard, difficult.
costra nf 1 crust. 2 med scab.
costumbre nf 1 (hbito) habit: tengo la
costumbre de comer temprano I'm in the
habit of having lunch early. 2 (tradicin)
custom: es una costumbre rusa it's a Rus-
sian custom. 3 jur usage. l o c como de
costumbre as usual. y tener por cos
tumbre + inf to be in the habit of +
ger. c o m p la fuerza de la costumbre the
force of habit.
P nf pl costumbres (personales) ways,
manner sing; (de un pueblo) customs.
costumbrismo nm folk literature.
costumbrista adj about local cus-
toms.
P nm o nf writer of folk literature.
costura nf 1 (cosido) sewing. 2 (lnea de
puntadas) seam: medias sin costura seam-
less stockings. 3 (confeccin) dressmak-
ing. c o m p cesto de la costura sewing
basket.
costurera nf seamstress.
costurero nm 1 (estuche) sewing bas-
ket, sewing kit. 2 (mueble) workbox.
cota1 nf (traje) tabard. c o m p cota de ma
lla coat of mail.
cota2 nf 1 (altura) height above sea
level: la cota mil one thousand metres
above sea level. 2 (nmero en mapa) spot
height. 3 fig (nivel) level: la xenofobia
est llegando a cotas muy altas xenopho-
bia is showing an alarming increase.
cotangente nf cotangent.
cotejar vt (gen) to compare; (textos) to
collate, compare.
cotejo nm (gen) comparison; (textos)
collation, comparison.
cotidiano,-a adj daily, everyday: la vi
da cotidiana everyday life.
cotiledn nm cotyledon.
cotilla nf (faja) corset.
P nm o nf fam busybody, gossip.
cotillear vi fam to gossip, tittle-tattle.
crack
cotilleo nm fam gossip, gossiping, tit-
tle-tattle.
cotilln nm 1 (danza) cotillion, cotil-
lon. 2 (fiesta) party, celebration
especially on New Year's Eve.
C
cotizacin nf 1 fin quotation, market
price. 2 (cuota) membership fee, sub-
scription.
cotizar vt fin to quote, price.
P vi (pagar cuota) to pay a subscrip-
tion.
P vpr cotizarse 1 (acciones) to sell (a, at):
las acciones del banco se cotizan a diez euros
con veintitrs the bank's shares are selling
at ten euros twenty-three. 2 fig (valorar-
se) to be valued, be in demand: este
pintor se cotiza mucho this painter is in
great demand.
coto1 nm 1 (terreno) enclosure, reserve.
2 (poste) boundary mark. 3 (lmite) re-
striction. l o c poner coto a algo to put
a stop to sth. c o m p coto de caza game
preserve.
coto2 nm (pez) miller's thumb.
cotorra nf 1 (ave) parrot. 2 fam fig
chatterbox. l o c hablar como una co
torra to be a chatterbox.
cotorrear vi fam fig to chatter, prattle
(on).
cotorreo nm fam fig chatter, prattle.
COU abrev educ (Curso de Orientacin
Universitaria) former pre-university
course.
cowboy nm cowboy.
coxis nm inv coccyx.
coyote nm coyote.
coyuntura nf 1 anat joint, articula-
tion. 2 fig (circunstancia) moment,
juncture. c o m p coyuntura econmica
economic situation.
coz nf kick. l o c dar una coz to kick.
crac nm 1 (quiebra) crash, bankruptcy:
el crac de la bolsa de Nueva York the Wall
Street crash. 2 (onomatopeya) crack,
snap: el brazo me hizo crac my arm gave a
crack.
crack nm (persona) star, ace: es un autn
tico crack del ftbol he's a crack football
player.
 craneal
craneal adj cranial.
craneano,-a adj cranial.
crneo nm cranium, skull. l o c ir de
crneo fam to have a lot on one's
plate, have one's work cut out.
crter nm crater.
crawl nm crawl.
creacin nf 1 (gen) creation. 2 (funda-
cin) foundation, establishment, set-
ting up.
creador,-ra adj creative.
P nm & nf creator, maker.
crear vt 1 (gen) to create: crear problemas
to create problems. 2 (fundar) to found,
establish; (partido) to set up. 3 (inven-
tar) to invent.
P vpr crearse to make, make for os:
crearse enemigos to make enemies for
os.
creatividad nf creativity.
creativo,-a adj creative.
crecer vi 1 (persona, planta) to grow: has
crecido mucho you've grown a lot. 2 (in-
crementar) to increase, grow, get big-
ger: la poblacin ha crecido un uno por
ciento the population has grown by one
per cent. 3 (corriente, marea) to rise. 4 (lu-
na) to wax.
P vpr crecerse (tomar mayor fuerza) to
grow in confidence: se crece ante las
dificultades he comes into his own when
faced with problems.
crecido,-a adj 1 (persona) grown,
grown-up. 2 (cantidad) big, large. 3
(ro) in flood, in spate.
creciente adj 1 (que crece) growing; (que
aumenta) increasing: un inters creciente
an increasing interest. 2 (precios) rising.
3 (luna) crescent (in the first quarter).
P nf (de agua) flood, spate.
crecimiento nm 1 (desarrollo) growth,
increase. 2 (subida) rise. 3 (de un ro)
flooding, rising.
credibilidad nf credibility.
crdito nm 1 com credit. 2 (confianza)
credit, belief, credence. 3 (fama) rep-
utation, standing. l o c a crdito on
credit. y dar crdito a (creer) to believe
(in): no doy crdito a mis odos I can't be-
lieve what I'm hearing. y ser digno,-a de
94
crdito to be reliable. c o m p crdito hi
potecario debt secured by a mort-
gage.
credo nm fig (creencias) credo, creed.
credulidad nf credulity, gullibility.
crdulo,-a adj credulous, gullible.
creencia nf belief.
creer vt 1 (dar por cierto) to believe: si no
lo veo no lo creo I've got to see it to be-
lieve it. 2 (suponer, opinar) to think, sup-
pose: y t que crees? what do you think?
3 (tener fe) to believe. l o c creer a cien
cia cierta to be convinced. y no creas!
do you really think so?, I'm not so
sure. y ya lo creo! of course!
P vpr creerse 1 (aceptar) to believe: no
me lo creo I don't believe it, I can't be-
lieve it. 2 (considerarse) to think: quin
te has credo que eres? who do you think
you are? l o c que te crees t eso! that's
what you think!
creble adj credible, believable.
credo,-a adj arrogant, vain, conceit-
ed. l o c ser un credo,-a to be full of
os.
crema nf 1 (de leche, licor, ungento)
cream. 2 (natillas) custard. 3 (betn)
shoe polish. 4 fig (lo mejor) cream.
c o m p crema bronceadora suntan
cream. y crema de afeitar shaving
cream. y crema hidratante moisturiz-
ing cream.
P adj cream, cream coloured ( us
cream colored).
cremacin nf cremation.
crematorio nm crematorium.
cremoso,-a adj creamy: queso cremoso
full-fat cheese.
crepe nf (torta) pancake, crepe.
crep nm (tejido, caucho) crepe.
crepera nf creperie.
crepitar vi to crackle.
crepsculo nm twilight.
cresta nf 1 (de ave) crest; (de gallo) comb.
2 (de pelo) toupe. 3 (de montaa, ola)
crest. l o c estar en la cresta de la ola
fam to be on the crest of a wave.
Creta nf Crete.
cretense adj Cretan.
 95
P nm o nf Cretan.
cretino,-a adj stupid, cretinous.
P nm & nf cretin, idiot.
creyente adj believing.
o nf believer.
P nm
cra nf 1 (acto de criar) nursing; (de animal)
breeding, raising. 2 (cachorro) young.
3 (camada - ovparos) brood; (- mamferos)
litter.
criada nf maid.
criadero nm 1 (de plantas) nursery; (de
animales) breeding farm; (de peces)
hatchery. 2 (mina) seam. c o m p criade
ro de ostras oyster bed.
criado,-a adj (animal) reared, raised;
(persona) bred, brought up.
P nm & nf servant.
criador nm & nf breeder.
criar vt 1 (educar nios) to bring up, rear,
care for: lo cri una ta his aunt brought
him up. 2 (nutrir) to feed (con, -); (con
pecho) to suckle, nurse, breast-feed.
3 (animales) to breed, raise, rear. 4
(producir) to have, grow; (vinos) to
make, mature.
P vpr criarse 1 (crecer) to grow; (formarse)
to be brought up. 2 (producirse) to grow.
criatura nf 1 creature. 2 (nio) baby,
child. 3 fig baby.
cribar vt 1 (colar) to sift, sieve. 2 fig (se-
leccionar) to screen.
cric nm jack.
cricquet nm cricket.
crimen nm 1 (delito) crime. 2 (asesinato)
murder.
criminal adj 1 criminal. 2 fam (muy ma-
lo) awful, criminal, appalling.
P nm o nf criminal.
criminalista nm o nf (abogado) criminal
lawyer.
criminologa nf criminology.
crin [tambin se usa en plural con el mismo
significado] nf mane.
cro,-a nm & nf fam kid, child.
P adj fam young: todava eres muy cro
you're still too young. l o c ser un cro,-a
fam to be childish.
criollo,-a adj Creole.
P nm & nf (persona) Creole.
cristalizar
P nm (idioma) Creole.
cripta nf crypt.
crquet nm cricket.
crislida nf chrysalis.
crisantemo nm chrysanthemum.
C
crisis nf inv 1 (dificultad) crisis. 2 (ataque)
fit, attack: crisis de asma asthma attack.
3 (escasez) shortage: crisis de alimentos
food shortage. l o c estar en crisis to be
in crisis, reach crisis point. c o m p cri
sis de gobierno cabinet crisis. y crisis
nerviosa nervous breakdown.
crisma nm & nf fam (cabeza) head, nut.
crisol nm 1 crucible. 2 fig melting pot.
crispacin nf fig tension: un clima de
crispacin a tense atmosphere.
crispar vt fig (irritar) to irritate, annoy,
infuriate: ese tipo me crispa that guy in-
furiates me. l o c crispar los nervios a
algn fig to get on sb's nerves.
P vpr crisparse fig (irritarse) to get an-
noyed, get angry.
cristal nm 1 (mineral) crystal. 2 (vidrio)
glass. 3 (de ventana) window pane,
pane. 4 (de lente) lens. 5 (de coche) win-
dow.
P nm pl cristales 1 (trozos) glass sing: ten
cuidado, hay cristales por el suelo be care-
ful, there's some broken glass on the
floor. 2 (ventanas) windows. c o m p bo
tella de cristal glass bottle. y cristal de
cuarzo quartz crystal.
cristalera nf 1 (mueble) display cabi-
net. 2 (escaparate) window, shop
window. 3 (conjunto de cristales) win-
dows pl; (puertas) glass doors pl; (techo)
glass roof.
cristalera nf 1 (fbrica) glassworks. 2
(tienda) glassware shop. 3 (conjunto)
glassware; (vasos) glasses pl.
cristalero,-a nm & nf glazier.
cristalino,-a adj transparent, crystal-
clear.
P nm cristalino crystalline lens.
cristalizacin nf 1 crystallization. 2
fig consolidation.
cristalizar vt to crystallize.
P vi 1 to crystallize. 2 fig to crystal-
lize (en, into).
cristalografa
P vpr cristalizarse to crystallize.
cristalografa nf crystallography.
cristiandad nf Christendom.
cristianismo nm Christianity.
cristiano,-a adj Christian.
P nm Christian.
criterio nm 1 (en lgica) criterion. 2 (jui-
cio) judgement, discernment. 3 (opi-
nin) opinion, point of view.
criticar vt to criticize.
P vi (murmurar) to gossip.
crtico,-a adj critical.
P nm & nf critic.
Croacia nf Croatia.
croar vi to croak.
croata adj Croatian, Croat.
P nm o nf (persona) Croat, Croatian.
P nm (idioma) Croat, Croatian.
crocante nm almond brittle.
crocanti nm almond brittle.
croch nm crochet.
croissant nm croissant.
croissantera nf croissant shop.
crol nm crawl.
cromado,-a adj chrome.
P nm cromado chroming.
cromar vt to chrome.
cromtico,-a adj chromatic.
cromatismo nm chromatism.
cromo nm 1 (metal) chromium,
chrome. 2 (estampa) picture card,
sticker: un lbum de cromos a picture-
card album. l o c ir hecho,-a un cromo
fam to look a sight.
cromosoma nm chromosome.
crnica nf 1 (gen) account, chronicle. 2
(en peridico) article, column, feature.
3 rad tv (programa) programme ( us
program); (reportaje) feature, report. 4
hist chronicle.
crnico,-a adj 1 chronic. 2 fig deeply
rooted.
cronista nm o nf 1 hist chronicler. 2 (de
prensa) columnist, feature writer. 3
rad tv commentator.
cronologa nf chronology.
cronolgico,-a adj chronological.
cronometrar vt to time.
96
cronmetro nm 1 chronometer. 2 dep
stopwatch.
croqueta nf croquette.
croquis nm inv sketch, outline.
cros nm inv (a pie) cross-country race;
(en moto) motocross race.
cruasn nm croissant.
cruce nm 1 cross, crossing. 2 auto
crossroads. 3 (de razas) crossbreed-
ing. 4 (interferencia telefnica, etc) crossed
line: hay un cruce there's a crossed line.
5 elec short circuit.
crucero nm 1 (buque) cruiser. 2 (viaje)
cruise.
crucial adj 1 crucial. 2 fig crucial, criti-
cal.
crucifijo nm crucifix.
crucifixin nf crucifixion.
crucigrama nm crossword (puzzle).
crudeza nf 1 (rudeza) crudeness, rude-
ness, coarseness. 2 (del clima) harsh-
ness.
crudo,-a adj 1 (sin cocer) raw; (poco hecho)
underdone: la carne est cruda the meat
is underdone, the meat isn't cooked
enough. 2 fig (duro) crude, coarse. 3
(color) natural, unbleached. 4 (clima)
harsh. l o c verlo muy crudo fam not to
hold out much hope.
P nm crudo (petrleo) crude oil, crude.
cruel adj (persona) cruel (con/para, to).
crueldad nf 1 cruelty. 2 (dureza) harsh-
ness, severity.
cruelmente adv cruelly.
crujido nm 1 (de puerta) creak, creak-
ing. 2 (de patatas fritas) crunching. 3
(seda, papel) rustle, rustling. 4 (de dien-
tes) grinding.
crujiente adj 1 (alimentos) crunchy. 2
(seda) rustling.
crujir vi 1 (puerta) to creak. 2 (patatas fri-
tas) to crunch. 3 (seda, hojas) to rustle.
4 (dientes) to grind.
crustceo nm crustacean.
cruz nf 1 (gen) cross. 2 (de moneda) tails
pl: cara o cruz? heads or tails?
cruzada nf 1 hist crusade. 2 (campaa)
campaign.
 97
cruzar vt 1 (gen) to cross: cruzar una calle
to cross a street. 2 (poner atravesado) to lay
across; (estar atravesado) to lie across. 3
(en geometra) to intersect. 4 (animales) to
cross. 5 (miradas, palabras) to exchange.
l o c cruzar a nado to swim across. y
cruzar los brazos to fold one's arms.
P vpr cruzarse 1 (encontrarse) to crosseach
other. 2 (intercambiarse) to exchange.
cuaderno nm (libreta) notebook, jour-
nal; (escolar) exercise book.
cuadra nf 1 (establo) stable. 2 am (man-
zana) block, block of houses.
cuadrado,-a adj 1 (forma) square. 2
fam (persona) broad, stocky. 3 fig (men-
te) rigid, one-track.
P nm cuadrado square. l o c elevar al
cuadrado to square.
cuadragsimo,-a adj fortieth.
P nm & nf fortieth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
cuadrangular adj quadrangular.
cuadrngulo nm quadrangle.
cuadrante nm 1 (reloj) sundial. 2 (instru-
mento) quadrant. 3 (cojn) square pillow.
cuadrar vt 1 (dar figura cuadrada) to
square, make square. 2 (geometra, ma-
temticas) to square. 3 com to balance.
P vi 1 (coincidir) to square, agree. 2 com
to tally, add up: las cuentas de este mes
no cuadran the accounts don't add up
this month. 3 fig (ir bien) to suit: el estilo
no cuadra con el tema the style doesn't
suit the subject.
cudriceps nm inv quadriceps.
cuadrcula nf squares pl, grid.
cuadriculado,-a adj squared.
P nm cuadriculado squares pl, grid.
cuadricular vt to square, divide into
squares.
P adj squared.
cuadrienio nm quadrennium.
cuadriga nf chariot.
cuadriltero,-a adj quadrilateral,
four-sided.
P nm cuadriltero (boxeo) ring.
cuadrilla nf 1 (grupo) party, gang. 2 (de
bandidos, etc) gang, band. 3 (de obreros)
gang, team.
cualquier
cuadro nm 1 (cuadrado) square. 2 (pintu-
ra) painting, picture. 3 teat scene. 4
(descripcin) description, picture. 5 (di-
rigentes) leaders pl; (personal) staff. 6
(conjunto de datos) chart, graph. l o c a
cuadros checked, us checkered: tela a C
cuadros checked ( us checkered) cloth.
c o m p cuadro clnico clinical pattern. y
cuadro sinptico diagram, chart.
cuadrpedo,-a adj quadruped.
P nm cuadrpedo quadruped.
cudruple adj quadruple, fourfold.
cuadruplicar vt to quadruple.
P vi to quadruple.
cuajada nf (leche) curd; (requesn) cot-
tage cheese.
cuajar vt 1 (gen) to coagulate; (leche) to
curdle; (sangre) to clot. 2 (huevo) to
set.
P vi 1 (nieve) to lie. 2 fig (tener xito) to
be a success, come off: la cosa no cuaj
it didn't come off.
P vpr cuajarse 1 to coagulate; (leche) to
curdle; (sangre) clot. 2 (huevo) to set.
cual pron 1 (precedido de artculo - persona)
who, whom: la gente a la cual pregunta
mos the people whom we asked. 2 (pre-
cedido de artculo - cosa) which: la ciudad
en la cual nac the city where I was born.
l o c cada cual everyone, everybody.
P adv fml as, like: se enamor cual si tu
viese quince aos he fell in love like a
teenager.
cul pron 1 (interrogativo) which, which
one, what: cul es el ms alto? which
one is the tallest? 2 (valor distributivo)
some. 3 (exclamativo) how, what: cul
no sera mi asombro! imagine my amaze-
ment! l o c a cul ms equally: a cul
ms listo each as clever as the other.
P adj (interrogativo) which.
cualidad nf 1 (de persona) quality, at-
tribute. 2 (de cosa) quality, property.
cualitativo,-a adj qualitative.
cualquier adj (indefinido) any: cualquier
otro da any other day; cualquier cosa an-
ything; cualquier persona anyone.
. Consulta tambin cualquiera.
 cualquiera
cualquiera adj 1 (indefinido) any: un da
cualquiera any day. 2 (ordinario) ordi-
nary: no es una corbata cualquiera it's not
an ordinary tie.
P pron 1 (persona indeterminada) any-
body, anyone; (cosa indeterminada) any,
any one: cualquiera lo comprara any-
body would buy it. 2 (nadie) nobody:
cualquiera lo coge! nobody would take
it!
P nf cualquiera que (persona) whoever;
(cosa) whatever, whichever: cualquie
ra que diga eso, miente whoever says that
is lying.
cuan adv [se usa slo antes de adjetivo y de
adverbio] fml as: cay cuan largo era he
fell flat on the floor.
. Consulta tambin cuanto.
cun adv [se usa slo antes de adjetivo y de
adverbio] (interrogativo) how: cun idiota!
how stupid!
. Consulta tambin cuanto.
cuando adv (tiempo) when: cuando tena
diez aos when he was ten.
P conj 1 (temporal) when, whenever:
ven a verme cuando quieras come and see
me whenever you want. 2 (condicional)
if: cuando l lo dice if he says so. 3 (causal)
since. l o c de vez en cuando now and
then, from time to time. y hasta
cuando until.
P prep during, at the time of: cuando
la guerra during the war.
cundo adv (interrogativo) when: cun
do es tu cumpleaos? when is your birth-
day?
P nm when: no s el cmo ni el cundo I
don't know how or when.
cuanta nf 1 (cantidad) quantity; (impor-
te) amount: la cuanta de una factura the
amount of a bill. 2 (dimensin) extent: la
cuanta del desastre ecolgico the extent of
the ecological disaster.
cuantitativo,-a adj quantitative.
cuanto nm fs quantum: la teora de los
cuantos the quantum theory.
cunto,-a adj 1 (pregunta - singular) how
much; (- plural) how many: cuntos
aos tienes? how old are you? 2 (exclama-
98
cin) what a lot of, so many, so much:
cunta gente! there are so many people!,
what a lot of people!
P pron (singular) how much; (plural)
how many: cunto es? how much is it?
P adv how, how much: cunto me ale
gro! I'm so glad!
cuanto,-a3 adj (singular) as much as;
(plural) as many as: puedes beber cuanta
agua quieras you can drink as much wa-
ter as you want. l o c cuanto antes as
soon as possible. y en cuanto as soon
as, when: en cuanto llegue dile... as soon
as he arrives tell him y unos,-as
cuantos,-as some, a few.
P pron 1 (singular) everything, all: escri
be cuanto quieras write as much as you
want. 2 (plural) all who, everybody
who: cuantos entraron se asustaron eve-
rybody who came in was frightened.
cuarcita nf quartzite.
cuarenta adj (cardinal) forty; (ordinal)
fortieth. l o c cantarle las cuarenta a
algn to give sb a piece of one's
mind.
P nm (nmero) forty.
. Consulta tambin seis.
cuarentavo,-a adj fortieth.
P nm & nf fortieth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
cuarentena nf 1 (exacto) forty; (aproxi-
mado) about forty. 2 med quarantine.
l o c poner a algn en cuarentena med to
quarantine sb, put sb in quarantine.
cuaresma nf Lent.
cuarta nf 1 (palmo) span. 2 (cuadrante)
quadrant.
. Consulta tambin cuarto,-a.
cuartear vt 1 (dividir en cuatro) to quar-
ter, divide into four. 2 (descuartizar) to
quarter. 3 (rajar) to crack.
P vpr cuartearse (rajarse) to crack,
split.
cuartel nm mil barracks pl.
cuarteto nm quartet.
cuartilla nf sheet of paper.
cuarto nm 1 (parte) quarter: un cuarto de
hora a quarter of an hour. 2 (de animal)
 99
quarter. 3 (de ropa) quarter: un chaque
tn tres cuartos a three-quarter length
jacket. 4 (habitacin) room. l o c de tres
al cuarto fam worthless, third-rate. y
estar sin un cuarto fam to be broke. y
tres cuartos de lo mismo fam almost
exactly the same. c o m p cuarto cre
ciente first quarter. y cuarto de bao
bathroom. y cuartos de final dep quar-
ter finals.
P nm pl cuartos fam (dinero) money sing,
dough sing.
cuarto,-a adj (ordinal) fourth: lleg cuar
to he arrived in fourth place, he came
fourth.
P nm & nf fourth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
cuarzo nm quartz.
cuaternario,-a adj quaternary.
P nm el cuaternario the quaternary.
cuatrienio nm quadrennium, four-
year period.
cuatrimestral adj (en frecuencia) four-
monthly; (en duracin) four-month.
cuatrimestre nm four-month period:
en el primer cuatrimestre de 2007 in the
first four months of 2007.
cuatrislabo,-a adj quadrisyllabic.
P nm cuatrislabo quadrisyllable.
cuatro adj (cardinal) four; (ordinal)
fourth. l o c caer cuatro gotas fam to
rain very lightly, spit. y decirle cuatro
cosas a algn to tell sb off. c o m p cuatro
gatos fam just a few people, hardly
anyone.
P nm (nmero) four.
. Consulta tambin seis.
cuatrocientos,-as adj four hundred.
P nm cuatrocientos (nmero) four hun-
dred.
. Consulta tambin seis.
cuba nf cask, barrel.
Cuba nf Cuba.
cubano,-a adj Cuban.
P nm & nf Cuban.
cubertera nf cutlery.
cuchara
cubeta nf 1 (rectangular) tray, tank,
dish. 2 (cubo) bucket.
cbico,-a adj cubic: raz cbica cube
root.
cubierta nf 1 (gen) cover, covering. 2
(de libro) cover. 3 arquit roof. 4 (de neu- C
mtico) tyre (us tire). 5 (de barco, avin)
deck. l o c en cubierta on deck.
cubierto,-a adj 1 (gen) covered. 2 (cielo)
overcast. 3 (plaza) filled.
P nm cubierto 1 (techumbre) cover. 2 (en
la mesa) place setting. l o c ponerse a
cubierto to take cover. y tener las es
paldas cubiertas fam to be well-
heeled.
P nm pl cubiertos cutlery sing.
cubilete nm 1 (molde) mould (us mold).
2 (de dados) dice cup, dice shaker;
(juego) cup.
cubismo nm cubism.
cubista adj cubist.
P nm o nf cubist.
cubito nm 1 little cube. 2 (de hielo) ice
cube.
cbito nm cubitus.
cubo1 nm 1 (recipiente) bucket. 2 (de rue-
da) hub. c o m p cubo de la basura rub-
bish bin, us garbage can.
cubo2 nm mat cube. l o c elevar al cubo
to cube.
cubrecama nm bedspread.
cubrir vt 1 (gen) to cover. 2 culin to
coat (de, with). 3 (poner tejado) to put
a roof on. 4 (niebla, etc) to shroud (de,
in), cloak. 5 (ocultar) to hide. 6 (llenar)
to fill (de, with), cover (de, with):
cubrir de agua to fill with water. 7 (alcan-
zar) to come up: el agua le cubra hasta
los tobillos the water came up to his an-
kles.
P vpr cubrirse 1 (abrigarse) to cover os.
2 (la cabeza) to put one's hat on. 3 fig
(protegerse) to protect os. 4 (cielo) to be-
come overcast. 5 (llenarse) to be
filled.
cucaa nf (palo, juego) greasy pole.
cucaracha nf cockroach.
cuchara nf spoon.
 cucharada
cucharada nf spoonful. c o m p cuchara
da colmada heaped spoonful. y cu
charada rasa level spoonful.
cucharadita nf teaspoonful.
cucharilla nf teaspoon. c o m p cucharilla
de caf coffee spoon.
cucharita nf teaspoon.
cucharn nm ladle.
cuchichear vi to whisper.
cuchicheo nm whispering.
cuchilla nf (hoja) blade. c o m p cuchilla de
afeitar razor blade.
cuchillada nf (golpe) stab, slash; (herida)
stab wound, knife wound.
cuchillera nf cutler's shop.
cuchillo nm 1 knife. 2 arquit support.
cuclillas l o c en cuclillas crouching. y
ponerse en cuclillas to crouch down.
cuclillo nm cuckoo.
cuco nm (insecto) caterpillar.
cuco,-a adj 1 fam (coquetn) cute. 2 (tai-
mado) shrewd, crafty.
P nm cuco 1 (ave) cuckoo. 2 fam (fan-
tasma) bogeyman.
cuc nm 1 (canto) cuckoo. 2 (reloj) cuck-
oo clock.
cucurucho nm 1 (de papel) paper cone.
2 (helado) cornet, cone. 3 (capirote)
pointed hood.
cuello nm 1 anat neck. 2 (de camisa, ves-
tido, abrigo) collar; (de jersey) neck: un
jersey de cuello alto a polo neck jumper,
us a turtleneck jumper. 3 (de botella) bot-
tleneck.
cuenca nf 1 (escudilla) wooden bowl. 2
anat socket. 3 geog basin. 4 (minera)
coalfield.
cuenco nm (vasija) earthenware bowl.
cuenta nf 1 (bancaria) account. 2 (factu-
ra) bill. 3 (clculo) count, counting. 4
(de collar, etc) bead. l o c caer en la cuen
ta to realize: y entonces ca en la cuenta
de que... and then I realized that..., and
then it dawned on me that.... y en resu
midas cuentas in short. y hacer cuen
tas to do sums. y ms de la cuenta too
much, too many: comi ms de la cuen
ta she ate too much. y pedir cuentas to
ask for an explanation. y por la cuen
100
ta que le trae in one's own interest. y
sacar cuentas to work out. y tener en
cuenta to take into account. c o m p
cuenta atrs countdown. y cuenta co
rriente current account. y cuenta de
correo electrnico e-mail account.
cuentagotas nm inv dropper.
cuentakilmetros nm inv (de velocidad)
speedometer; (de distancia) mileome-
ter.
cuentarrevoluciones nm inv rev
counter.
cuentavueltas nm inv rev counter.
cuentista adj fam overdramatic.
P nm o nf 1 (autor) story writer; (narra-
dor) storyteller. 2 fam (que exagera)
over-dramatic person; (que miente)
fibber, liar.
cuento nm 1 (relato) story, tale. 2 lit
short story. 3 fam (chisme) gossip. 4
fam (embuste) fib, story. l o c dejarse de
cuentos 1 fam (ir al grano) to get to the
point. 2 (decir mentiras) to stop telling
fibs. y ir con el cuento a algn to go and
tell sb. y tener mucho cuento fam to
make a lot of fuss. y venir a cuento to
be pertinent. c o m p cuento chino tall
story. y cuento de hadas fairy tale.
cuerda nf 1 (cordel) rope, string. 2 (ins-
trumento) string, cord; (voz) voice. 3 (de
reloj) spring: dar cuerda a un reloj to wind
up a watch. 4 (en geometra) chord. 5 dep
interior. c o m p cuerdas vocales vocal
chords.
P nf pl cuerdas 1 (boxeo) ropes. 2 ms
strings.
cuerdo,-a adj 1 (persona) sane. 2 (accin)
prudent, sensible.
P nm & nf (persona) sane person, per-
son in one's right mind.
cuerno nm 1 horn; (de ciervo) antlers pl.
2 (de antena) antlers pl. 3 ms horn.
P interj golly!, gosh!
cuero nm 1 (de animal) skin, hide. 2 (curti-
do) leather: pantaln de cuero leather trou-
sers. 3 (odre) wineskin. 4 (baln) ball. l o c
quedarse en cueros fam to strip off.
cuerpo nm 1 anat body. 2 (constitucin)
build. 3 (figura) figure. 4 (tronco) trunk.
5 (grupo) body, force, corps: el cuerpo

de bomberos the fire brigade (us the fire
department). 6 (cadver) corpse, body.
7 qum substance. 8 fs body. 9 dep
length. l o c cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-
hand. y de cuerpo entero full-length. y
en cuerpo y alma fig heart and soul,
body and soul. c o m p cuerpo diplom
tico diplomatic corps. y cuerpo
geomtrico regular solid. y cuerpos
celestes heavenly bodies.
cuervo nm (crvido en general) crow; (es-
pecfico) raven.
cuesta nf (pendiente) slope. l o c a cues
tas on one's back, on one's shoul-
ders. y hacrsele a uno algo cuesta arri
ba fig to find sth an uphill struggle,
find sth very difficult. y ir cuesta aba
jo fig to go downhill.
cuestin nf 1 (pregunta) question. 2
(asunto) business, matter, question. 3
(discusin) dispute, quarrel, argument.
l o c en cuestin in question. y en cues
tin de... (tiempo) in just a few..., in a
matter of... y eso es otra cuestin
that's a whole different matter.
cuestionable adj questionable.
cuestionar vt to question.
cuestionario nm questionnaire.
cueva nf cave.
cuidado nm 1 (atencin) care, careful-
ness. 2 (recelo) worry.
P interj look out!, watch out!: cuidado
con la moto! mind the motorbike! l o c
andarse con cuidado to go carefully. y
Cuidado con el perro Beware of
the dog. y con cuidado carefully. y
tener cuidado to be careful. y traer sin
cuidado not to care. c o m p cuidados in
tensivos intensive care sing.
cuidador,-ra nm & nf keeper.
cuidadoso,-a adj 1 (atento) careful. 2
(celoso) cautious.
cuidar vt to look after, take care of,
care for.
P vpr cuidarse to take care of os, look
after os: cudate mucho! take good care
of yourself!
culebra nf snake.
culinario,-a adj culinary, cooking: ar
te culinario cuisine.
101 cumplidor
culminacin nf culmination, climax.
culminante adj (momento) culminat-
ing, climatic; (punto) highest.
culminar vi 1 to reach a peak. 2 fig
(acabar) to finish, end.
culo nm 1 fam bottom, bum, arse (us C
ass). 2 fam (ano) arse (us ass).
. Esta palabra es de uso vulgar en Chile.
culpa nf 1 (culpabilidad) guilt, blame. 2
(falta) fault: esto es culpa ma it's my
fault. l o c echar la culpa a algn to put
the blame on sb. y tener la culpa to be
to blame (de, for): yo no tengo la culpa
I'm not to blame, it's not my fault.
culpabilidad nf guilt, culpability.
culpable adj guilty.
P nm o nf offender, culprit.
culpar vt 1 (gen) to blame (de, for). 2
(de un delito) to accuse (de, of).
cultivar vt 1 to cultivate, farm. 2 (ejer-
citar facultades) to work at, practise (us
practice), improve: cultivar la memoria
to improve one's memory. 3 (en biologa)
to produce. l o c cultivar las amistades
fig to cultivate friendships.
cultivo nm 1 (accin) cultivation, farm-
ing. 2 (cosecha) crop. 3 biol culture. 4
fig (desarrollo) development, growth.
culto,-a adj 1 (persona) cultured, edu-
cated. 2 (estilo) refined.
P nm culto worship.
cultura nf culture. l o c de cultura edu-
cated.
cultural adj cultural.
cumbre nf 1 (de montaa) summit, top.
2 fig (culminacin) pinnacle. 3 (reunin)
summit conference, summit meet-
ing.
cumpleaos nm inv birthday.
cumplido,-a adj 1 (completo) complete,
full. 2 (abundante) large, ample. 3 (per-
fecto) perfect. 4 (educado) polite, cour-
teous.
P nm cumplido compliment. l o c sin
cumplidos informally.
cumplidor,-ra adj (que cumple) who de-
livers the goods: es una chica muy cum
plidora she always delivers the goods,
she always fulfils her promises.
 cumplir
cumplir vt 1 (orden) to carry out; (deseo)
to fulfil (us fulfill); (deber) to do. 2
(promesa) to keep. 3 jur (ley) to ob-
serve, abide by; (pena) to serve. 4
(aos) to be, turn: que cumplas muchos
ms! many happy returns! 5 (satisfacer)
to do, carry out, fulfil (us fulfill). l o c
cumplir con el deber to do one's duty.
y cumplir con su palabra to keep one's
word. y para cumplir as a formality.
P vi 1 (plazo) to expire, end. 2 (deuda,
pago) to fall due.
P vpr cumplirse 1 (realizarse) to be ful-
filled, come true: se cumpli la profeca
the prophecy came true. 2 (fecha) to be:
se cumple una semana del comienzo del cur
so it's a week since the course began.
cmulo nm 1 (montn) load, pile, heap;
(cantidad) series, host, string: un cmu
lo de desgracias a series of misfortunes. 2
meteor cumulus.
cumulonimbo nm cumulonimbus.
cuna nf 1 (cama) cradle. 2 (linaje) birth,
lineage, stock. 3 fig (origen) cradle,
birthplace: la cuna de la filosofa the cra-
dle of philosophy. 4 (lugar de nacimiento)
birthplace.
cundir vi 1 (extenderse) to spread: cundi
el pnico panic spread. 2 (dar de s) to go
a long way, go far: una hora cunde muy
poco you can't do much in an hour. 3
(aumentar de volumen) to swell, expand:
los fideos cunden al cocerse noodles ex-
pand when cooked.
cuneta nf 1 (de carretera) verge. 2 (zanja)
ditch.
cua nf (pieza) wedge.
cuado,-a nm & nf (hombre) brother-in-
law; (mujer) sister-in-law.
cuo nm 1 (troquel) die, stamp. 2 (sello)
stamp, mark.
cuota nf 1 (pago) membership fee,
dues pl. 2 (porcin) quota, share.
cupo nm (cuota) quota.
cupn nm 1 (vale) coupon, voucher. 2
(de lotera) ticket.
cpula nf cupola, dome.
cura nm rel priest.
P nf 1 cure, healing. 2 (tratamiento)
treatment: cura de adelgazamiento slim-
102
ming treatment. l o c hacer las primeras
curas to give first aid.
curable adj curable.
curacin nf 1 (gen) cure. 2 (de herida)
healing. 3 (recuperacin) recovery.
curandero,-a nm & nf 1 (charlatn)
quack. 2 (curador) folk healer.
curar vt 1 (sanar) to cure. 2 (herida) to
dress; (enfermedad) to treat.
P vi 1 (cuidar) to take care ( de, of). 2
(recuperarse) to recover, get well. 3 (he-
rida) to heal (up).
P vpr curarse 1 (recuperarse) to recover
(de, from), get well. 2 (herida) to heal
up.
curativo,-a adj curative: poder curativo
healing power.
curia nf 1 rel curia. 2 jur Bar.
curiosamente adv 1 (con curiosidad) cu-
riously, strangely. 2 (limpiamente)
cleanly.
curiosear vi 1 (fisgar) to pry, nose
around. 2 (mirar) to look around.
P vt (fisgar) to pry into.
curiosidad nf 1 (gen) curiosity. 2 (aseo)
cleanliness, tidiness. 3 (cuidado) care.
l o c tener curiosidad de algo to be cu-
rious about sth.
currculo nm curriculum, curriculum
vitae.
curry nm curry.
cursar vt 1 (estudiar) to study. 2 (enviar)
to send, dispatch; (orden) to give. 3
(tramitar) to make an application.
cursi adj fam (afectado) pretentious, af-
fected, twee.
P nm o nf fam pretentious person, af-
fected person.
cursilada nf 1 (cualidad) affectation,
pretentiousness. 2 (hecho) preten-
tious thing to do, posh thing to do.
3 (obra, cosa) pretentious thing: las pel
culas romnticas me parecen una cursilada
for me romantic films are just sentimen-
tal slush.
cursillo nm short course, training
course.
cursiva nf (escritura) cursive; (tipografa)
italics pl.
 103
curso nm 1 (direccin) course, direction:
el curso de los acontecimientos the course
of events. 2 educ (nivel) year, class;
(materia) course; (escolar) school year:
vamos al mismo curso we are in the same
class. 3 (ro) flow, current. c o m p curso
acelerado crash course.
cursor nm 1 inform cursor. 2 tc slide.
curtido,-a adj 1 (por el sol) tanned, sun-
burnt. 2 (cuero) tanned. 3 fig (endureci-
do) hardened.
P nm curtido (operacin) tanning.
P nm pl curtidos tanned leather sing.
curtidor,-ra nm & nf tanner.
curtir vt 1 (piel) to tan. 2 fig (acostumbrar)
to harden, toughen.
P vpr curtirse 1 (por el sol) to get
tanned. 2 fig (acostumbrarse) to be-
come hardened.
curva nf 1 (gen) curve. 2 (de carretera)
bend. 3 (grfico) curve, graph. l o c tra
zar una curva to draw a curve.
curvar vt 1 (gen) to curve, bend. 2 (es-
palda) to arch.
curvilneo,-a adj 1 curvilinear, curvi-
lineal. 2 fam (del cuerpo) curvaceous,
shapely.
curvo,-a adj curved, bent.
cuscs nm couscous.
CV
cspide nf 1 (cumbre) summit, peak. 2
(en geometra) apex. 3 fig peak.
custodia nf 1 custody, care. 2 rel
monstrance. loc bajo custodia in
custody.
custodiar vt 1 (proteger) to keep, take C
care of. 2 (vigilar) to guard, watch
over.
cutneo,-a adj cutaneous, skin: enfer
medad cutnea skin disease.
cter nm 1 (barco) cutter. 2 (cuchillo) cut-
ter.
cutcula nf cuticle.
cutis nm inv skin, complexion.
cuyo,-a pron 1 (personas) whose, of
whom: esta mujer, cuya hermana trabaja
en Alemania... this woman, whose sister
works in Germany..., this woman, the
sister of whom works in Germany... 2
(cosas) whose, of which: un rbol cuyas
hojas presentan esta enfermedad a tree
with leaves that show signs of this dis-
ease. l o c en cuyo caso in which case.
CV1 sm (caballos de vapor) horse pow-
er; (smbolo) HP.
CV2 abrev (currculum vtae) curriculum
vitae; (abreviatura) CV.
 D
104
D, d nf (la letra) D, d.
dado nm 1 (para jugar) die. 2 tc block.
3 arquit dado. l o c echar los dados to
throw the dice.
dado,-a adj 1 given: dada la base y la al
tura, hallar la superficie given the base and
the height, find the area. 2 (en vista de) in
view of: dada su experiencia in view of
his experience. l o c dado que since, as,
given that: dado que llueve no saldremos
as it's raining we won't go out.
daga nf dagger.
dalai lama nm Dalai Lama.
dalia nf dahlia.
dlmata adj Dalmatian.
P nm Dalmatian.
daltnico,-a adj colour-blind, dal-
tonic.
daltonismo nm colour ( us color)
blindness, daltonism.
dama nf 1 (seora) lady. 2 (en el juego de
damas) king; (en ajedrez) queen.
P nf pl damas draughts, (us checkers).
c o m p tablero de damas draughtboard,
(us checkerboard).
damero nm draughtboard, us check-
erboard.
damnificar vt 1 (a una persona) to in-
jure, harm. 2 (cosa) to damage.
dandy nm dandy.
dans,-esa adj Danish.
P nm & nf (persona) Dane.
P nm dans (idioma) Danish.
danza nf 1 (baile) dance. 2 fig (negocio
sucio) shady business, shady deal;
(lo) mess: no te metas en esa danza don't
get mixed up in a deal like that. 3 fam
fig (ria) row.
danzante adj dancing.
P nm o nf dancer.
danzar vt (bailar) to dance.
P vi (bailar) to dance (con, with).
danzarn,-ina nm & nf dancer.
daado,-a adj damaged, spoiled.
daar vt 1 (causar dolor) to hurt, harm.
2 (estropear) to damage, spoil. 3 fig to
damage, stain: ese asunto daar su re
putacin that affair will damage his repu-
tation.
P vpr daarse (estropearse) to get dam-
aged, spoil; (alimentos) to go bad, go
off.
daino,-a adj harmful ( para , to),
damaging (para, to).
dao nm (a persona) harm, injury; (a co-
sa) damage; (perjuicio) wrong. l o c ha
cer dao 1 (doler) to hurt. 2 (causar dolor
a algn) to hurt. 3 (ser malo para algo) to
damage, harm. (ser malo para algn) to
do sb harm: me hizo dao con sus pala
bras her words hurt me. y hacerse dao
to hurt os: se hizo dao en la mano she
hurt her hand.
dar vt 1 (gen) to give: te dar un libro I'll
give you a book. 2 (poner en las manos,
entregar) to deliver, hand over; (poner
al alcance) to pass, hand: dame la sal
pass me the salt. 3 (proporcionar, ofrecer,
procurar algo no material a una persona - no-
ticia) to tell, announce, report; (- con-
sejo) to give; (- recuerdos, recado) to pass
on, give. 4 (permitir tener algo, conceder)
to give. 5 (pagar a cambio) to give, pay:
cunto me dara por esto? how much
would you give me for it? 6 (realizar una
accin). 7 (producir - cosecha) to produce,
yield; (- fruto, flores) to bear, produce;
(- beneficio) to produce, yield: la higuera
da higos the fig tree bears figs. 8 (celebrar,
 105
tener lugar - pelcula) to show, screen;
(- obra de teatro) to perform, put on; (- con-
cierto) to give, perform, put on; (- fiesta)
to give, throw: daremos una fiesta we'll
have a party. 9 (pegar) to hit. 10 (sonar el
reloj las horas) to strike. 11 (untar, recubrir
una superficie) to apply, give. 12 (abrir el
paso de conductos) to turn on: he dado el
gas I've turned the gas on. l o c dar a en
tender que to give to understand
that, imply that: dio a entender
que no vendra she implied she wouldn't
come. y dar a luz to give birth (a, to). y
dar algo por to assume, consider. y
dar de s 1 (ropa) to stretch, give. 2 (di-
nero, comida) to go a long way. y dar
igual to be all the same, not matter:
le daba igual it didn't matter to him, he
didn't care. y dar la mano a algn to
shake hands with sb.
P vi 1 (pegar, golpear) to hit: la pelota le
dio en toda la cara the ball hit him right in
the face. 2 (en naipes) to deal. 3 dar a
(botn, interruptor) to press: dale al botn
press the button. 4 (mirar una cosa hacia
una parte) to look out onto, overlook.
5 dar de (caer) to fall: dio de narices en el
suelo he fell flat on his face. 6 dar de (su-
ministrar) to give. 7 dar en (acertar) to
find, hit on. 8 dar para (ser suficiente) to
be enough for, be sufficient for: la
sopa da para cuatro the soup serves four.
dardo nm (arma) dart, arrow.
drsena nf dock, basin.
darvinismo nm Darwinism.
datar vt (poner la data) to date, put a
date on.
P vi (tener origen) to date ( de , from),
date back (de, to): esa iglesia data del si
glo XI that church dates from the elev-
enth century.
dtil nm date.
datilera nf date palm.
dativo,-a adj dative.
P nm dativo dative. l o c en dativo in
the dative.
dato nm (informacin) fact, piece of in-
formation, datum. c o m p datos perso
nales personal details.
dB sm (decibelio) decibel; (smbolo) dB.
deber
d.C. abrev (despus de Cristo) Anno
Domini; (abreviatura) AD.
DDT abrev (diclorodifeniltricloroetano)
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane;
(abreviatura) DDT.
de prep 1 (posesin, pertenencia) of, in: la
mesa de mi habitacin the table in my
bedroom. 2 (procedencia, origen) from,
in: viene de Barcelona she comes from D
Barcelona. 3 (descripcin) with: el seor
del abrigo azul the man in the blue coat. 4
(tema) of, on, about: hablaron del tiempo
they talked about the weather. 5 (mate-
ria) made of, of: un anillo de oro a gold
ring. 6 (contenido) of: un vaso de agua a
glass of water. 7 (oficio) by, as: trabaja de
profesor he works as a teacher. 8 (modo)
on, in, as: de pie standing up. 9 (tiempo)
at, by, in: de da by day, during the day.
10 (lugar) varias traducciones: la vecina de
arriba our upstairs neighbour. 11 (medi-
da) measuring: una botella de dos litros a
two litre bottle. 12 (causa) with, be-
cause of, of: llorar de alegra to cry with
joy. 13 (agente) by: es una obra de Lope a
play by Lope. 14 (con superlativo) in, of:
el mayor de los tres the eldest of the three.
15 (en una aposicin) of: la ciudad de Barce
lona the city of Barcelona.
. Consulta tambin del.
deambular vi to saunter, stroll.
debajo adv below, underneath: el libro
verde est debajo the green book is un-
derneath. l o c por debajo underneath:
tuvieron que pasar por debajo they had to
go underneath.
debate nm debate, discussion.
debatir vt to debate, discuss.
debe nm debit side.
deber vt 1 (estar obligado a algo) to owe:
debemos respeto a nuestros padres we owe
respect to our parents. 2 (dinero, cosa) to
owe: te debo cincuenta euros I owe you
fifty euros.
P aux 1 (obligacin presente) must, have
to, have got to: debo ir a comprar I must
go shopping. 2 (obligacin pasada)
should, ought to: deba haberlo compra
do ayer I should have bought it yester-
 debidamente
day. 3 (obligacin futura) must, have to,
have got to: debers tenerlo a las cinco
you must have it ready by five o'clock.
4 (obligacin moral) should, ought to: no
deberas haberlo hecho you shouldn't
have done it. 5 deber de (probabilidad)
must; (negativa) can't: deben de ser las
seis it must be six o'clock; no deben de ha
ber llegado they can't have arrived.
P vpr deberse 1 (ser consecuencia) to be
due (a, to). 2 (tener una obligacin) to
have a duty (a, to).
P nm deber (obligacin) duty, obliga-
tion. l o c cumplir con su deber to do
one's duty. y hacer los deberes to do
one's homework.
P nm pl deberes (escolares) homework
sing.
debidamente adv duly, properly.
debido,-a adj 1 (merecido) due: con el de
bido respeto, with all due respect, 2
(conveniente) right. l o c como es debido
1 (correctamente) right, properly. 2 (como
es merecido) deservedly: sintate en la silla
como es debido sit properly on the chair.
dbil adj 1 (persona) weak, feeble. 2
(ruido) faint; (luz) dim, feeble. 3 ling
weak.
P nm o nf weak person.
debilidad nf 1 (de una persona) weak-
ness, feebleness. 2 fig weakness: los
coches de carreras son su debilidad he has a
weakness for racing cars. l o c tener de
bilidad por 1 (algo) to have a weak-
ness for. 2 (alguien) to have a soft
spot for.
debilitamiento nm weakening.
debilitar vt to weaken, debilitate.
P vpr debilitarse to weaken, get
weak, become weak.
debut nm debut, dbut.
debutante nm o nf (actor) first-time ac-
tor; (actriz) first-time actress.
debutar vi to make one's debut,
make one's dbut.
dcada nf decade.
decadencia nf decadence, decline,
decay.
decadente adj decadent.
decaedro nm decahedron.
106
decaer vi (perder fuerzas) to weaken;
(- entusiasmo, inters) to flag; (- salud) to
go down, deteriorate, decay; (- belle-
za, etc) to lose: su inters est decayendo
his interest is flagging.
decagonal adj decagonal.
decgono nm decagon.
decagramo nm decagram, deca
gramme.
decado,-a adj 1 (dbil) weak. 2 (triste)
sad, depressed, low.
decalitro nm decalitre (us decaliter).
declogo nm Decalogue.
decmetro nm decametre (us decam-
eter).
decano,-a nm & nf (cargo) dean.
decantar1 vt (verter) to decant, pour
off.
decantar2 vt (alabar) to praise, laud.
P vpr decantarse (preferir) to prefer (ha-
cia/por , -): el pblico se decant por el
equipo local the spectators were on the
side of the local team.
decapar vt (pintura) to strip (off).
decapitar vt to behead, decapitate.
decpodo nm decapod.
decaslabo,-a adj decasyllabic.
decatln nm decathlon.
decena nf 1 (exacto) ten. 2 (aproximado)
about ten: he invitado a una decena de
personas I have invited ten or so people.
decenal adj ten-year, decennial.
decencia nf 1 (decoro) decency, propri-
ety. 2 (honestidad) honesty.
decenio nm decade.
decente adj 1 (decoroso) decent, proper.
2 (honesto) honest, upright; (respetable)
decent, respectable.
decentemente adv decently.
decepcin nf disappointment.
decepcionado,-a adj disappointed.
decepcionar vt to disappoint, let
down: no nos decepciones don't disap-
point us.
decibelio nm decibel.
decididamente adv (con determinacin)
resolutely, with determination: soli
 107
cit el trabajo decididamente he applied
for the job with determination.
decidido,-a adj determined, resolute:
est decidido a acabar el trabajo he's deter-
mined to finish the job.
decidir vt (gen) to decide; (asunto) to
settle.
P vi to decide, choose: tuvo que decidir
entre los dos she had to decide between
the two.
P vpr decidirse to make up one's
mind. l o c decidirse por to decide on:
se decidi por la falda roja she decided on
the red skirt.
decigramo nm decigram, deci-
gramme.
decilitro nm decilitre (us deciliter).
dcima nf lit stanza of ten octosyl-
labic lines. l o c tener (unas) dcimas
fam to have a slight temperature.
decimal adj decimal.
P nm decimal.
decmetro nm decimetre (us decime-
ter).
dcimo,-a adj tenth.
P nm & nf tenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
decimoctavo,-a adj eighteenth.
P nm & nf eighteenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
decimocuarto,-a adj fourteenth.
P nm & nf fourteenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
decimonnico,-a adj nineteenth-
century: un escritor decimonnico a nine-
teenth-century writer.
decimonono,-a adj nineteenth.
P nm & nf nineteenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
decimonoveno,-a adj-nm & nf
decimonono,-a.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
decimoquinto,-a adj fifteenth.
P nm & nf fifteenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
declinacin
decimosptimo,-a adj seventeenth.
P nm & nf seventeenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
decimosexto,-a adj sixteenth.
P nm & nf sixteenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
decimotercero,-a adj thirteenth. D
P nm & nf thirteenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
decir vt 1 (gen) to say. 2 (contar, revelar) to
tell: dijo la verdad she told the truth. 3
(nombrar, llamar) to call: le dicen Cuca
she's called Cuca. 4 (opinar) to have to
say. 5 (un texto) to read, say: el texto di
ce lo siguiente the text reads as follows.
l o c digo yo in my opinion, I think. y
el qu dirn what people say. y es de
cir that is (to say). y no me digas! re-
ally! y querer decir to mean: quiero de
cir, I mean, y se dice they say, it
is said
decisin nf 1 (resolucin) decision: sus
padres tuvieron que tomar una decisin his
parents had to make a decision. 2 (deter-
minacin) determination, resolution.
decisivo,-a adj (importante) decisive.
declamar vi to declaim, recite.
P vt to declaim, recite.
declamatorio,-a adj declamatory.
declaracin nf 1 (gen) declaration: de
claracin de renta income tax return. 2
[tambin se usa en plural con el mismo sig-
nificado] (explicacin pblica) statement,
comment. 3 jur evidence. 4 (en bridge)
bid. l o c prestar declaracin jur to
give evidence.
declarar vt 1 (gen) to declare; (manifes-
tar) to state: lo declararon vencedor he
was declared the winner. 2 jur to find.
P vi 1 to declare. 2 jur to testify.
P vpr declararse 1 (amor) to declare
one's love (a, for). 2 (fuego, guerra, etc)
to break out, start: se declar un incen
dio en el monte a fire broke out on the
mountain.
declinacin nf (gramatical) declension.
 declinar
declinar vi 1 (disminuir) to decline,
come down. 2 (acercarse al fin) to end,
draw to an end.
P vt gram to decline.
declive nm fig (decadencia) decline. l o c
en declive fig on the decline.
decodificar vt to decode.
decolorar vt (perder el color) to discolour
(us discolor).
P vpr decolorarse (perder el color) to fade,
become discoloured (us discolored).
decoracin nf 1 (gen) decoration. 2
teat scenery, set.
decorador,-ra nm & nf 1 decorator. 2
teat set designer.
decorar vt (gen) to decorate, adorn,
embellish; (una casa) to decorate.
decorativo,-a adj decorative.
decoroso,-a adj 1 (digno) decent, re-
spectable. 2 (respetable) respectable,
honourable (us honorable): un trabajo
decoroso an honourable job.
decrecer vi (gen) to decrease, dimin-
ish; (aguas) to subside, go down.
decretar vt 1 (con decreto) to decree. 2
(ordenar) to ordain, order.
decreto nm decree, order.
dcuplo,-a adj tenfold.
P nm dcuplo ten times.
dedal nm thimble.
dedicacin nf dedication, devotion.
l o c de dedicacin exclusiva full-time.
dedicar vt 1 (una dedicatoria) to dedicate,
inscribe. 2 (tiempo, dinero) to devote (a,
to). 3 (palabras) to address.
dedicatoria nf dedication, inscrip-
tion.
dedo nm 1 (de la mano) finger; (del pie)
toe. 2 (medida) finger, digit. l o c hacer
dedo fam to hitchhike. y no tener dos
dedos de frente fig to be as thick as
two short planks. c o m p dedo anular
ring finger, third finger. y dedo gordo
1 (de la mano) thumb. 2 (del pie) big toe.
y dedo ndice forefinger, index finger.
y dedo meique little finger. y dedo
pulgar thumb. y yema del dedo finger-
tip.
deduccin nf deduction.
108
deducir vt 1 to deduce, infer. 2 (dinero)
to deduct, subtract.
P vpr deducirse to follow: de aqu se de
duce que from this it follows that
deductivo,-a adj deductive.
defecto nm 1 (gen) defect, fault; (de una
joya) imperfection, flaw. 2 (de persona
- moral) fault, shortcoming; (- fsica)
handicap. l o c por defecto inform de-
fault: la impresora por defecto the default
printer.
defectuoso,-a adj defective, faulty.
defender vt 1 (gen) to defend (contra/
de, against). 2 (mantener una opinin,
afirmacin) to defend, uphold; (respal-
dar a algn) to stand up for, support. 3
(proteger) to protect ( contra/de ,
against/from). 4 jur (algo) to argue,
plead; (a alguien) to defend.
P vpr defenderse (espabilarse) to man-
age, get by, get along: qu tal se de
fiende en ingls? how does she get by in
English?, what's her English like?
defensa nf defence (us defense).
P nm o nf dep (jugador) back, defender.
defensiva nf defensive. l o c estar a la
defensiva to be on the defensive.
defensor,-ra adj defending.
P nm & nf 1 defender. 2 jur counsel
for the defence (us defense). c o m p
defensor del pueblo ombudsman.
deficiente adj 1 (defectuoso) deficient,
faulty. 2 (insuficiente) lacking, insuffi-
cient.
P nm o nf mentally retarded person.
c o m p deficiente mental mentally re-
tarded person.
dficit nm inv com deficit.
deficitario,-a adj showing a deficit.
definicin nf definition. l o c por defi
nicin by definition.
definir vt to define.
definitivamente adv (para siempre) for
good, once and for all: se march defi
nitivamente she left for good.
definitivo,-a adj definitive, final. l o c
en definitiva finally, in short, all in
all.
deforestacin nf deforestation.
 109
deforestar vt to deforest.
deformacin nf deformation, distor-
tion.
deformar vt (gen) to deform, put out
of shape; (cara) to disfigure; (realidad,
imagen, etc) to distort.
deforme adj (persona) deformed; (cosa)
misshapen, out of shape; (imagen, ca-
ra) distorted.
deformidad nf deformity, malforma-
tion.
defraudar vt 1 (estafar) to defraud,
cheat. 2 (decepcionar) to disappoint,
deceive. 3 fig (frustrar) to betray: de
fraudar las esperanzas to dash one's
hopes.
defuncin nf fml death, decease.
degenerar vi to degenerate.
degenerativo,-a adj degenerative.
deglutir vt to swallow.
P vi to swallow.
degradante adj degrading, humiliat-
ing.
degradar vt to degrade, debase.
P vpr degradarse to demean os , de-
grade os.
degustacin nf tasting.
degustar vt to taste, sample, try.
dehesa nf pasture, meadow.
deidad nf deity, divinity.
dejadez nf 1 (negligencia) negligence,
carelessness. 2 (pereza) laziness, apa-
thy.
dejado,-a adj 1 (descuidado) untidy,
slovenly. 2 (perezoso) lazy.
P nm & nf untidy person, slovenly
person.
dejar vt 1 (colocar) to leave, put. 2 (aban-
donar - persona, lugar) to leave; (- hbito,
cosa, actividad) to give up: dej el tabaco
he gave up smoking. 3 (permitir) to al-
low, let: djale jugar let him play. 4
(prestar) to lend. 5 (ceder) to give. 6
(aplazar) to put off: dejmoslo hasta ma
ana let's leave it till tomorrow. 7 (causar
un efecto) to make: le pelcula me ha deja
do triste the film made me sad. 8 (legar)
to bequeath, leave.
delgado
P aux 1 dejar de + inf (cesar - voluntaria-
mente) to stop + ger, give up + ger; (-
involuntariamente) to stop + ger: ha deja
do de llover it's stopped raining. 2 no
dejar de + inf not to fail to + inf: no deja
de sorprenderme she never fails to sur-
prise me. 3 dejar + pp: lo dej escrito en
su agenda he wrote it down in his diary.
P vpr dejarse (olvidar) to forget, leave D
behind: me he dejado las llaves en casa
I've left my keys at home.
P vpr dejarse de (cesar) to stop: djate de
tonteras don't be silly. l o c dejar algo
por imposible to give up on sth. y de
jar en paz to leave alone. y dejar
preocupado,-a to worry. y dejarse lle
var por algn to be influenced by sb.
del contr (de + el) de.
delantal nm apron, pinafore.
delante adv 1 (enfrente) in front; (adelan-
tado) in front, ahead. 2 de delante in
front. 3 delante de in front of, ahead
of, before: delante de mis ojos before my
eyes. 4 por delante in front, ahead:
tenemos mucho tiempo por delante we've
got plenty of time ahead.
delantera nf 1 (frente) front (part). 2
dep forward line, forwards pl. 3 (ven-
taja) lead, advantage. l o c llevar la de
lantera to be in the lead, be ahead.
delantero,-a adj front, front part: el
asiento delantero the front seat.
P nm delantero dep forward. c o m p de
lantero centro centre (us center) for-
ward.
delatar vt to inform on.
P vpr delatarse to give os away.
delator,-ra adj accusing, denounc-
ing.
P nm & nf accuser, denouncer.
delegacin nf 1 (gen) delegation.
2 (cargo) office.
delegado,-a nm & nf 1 delegate. 2
com representative.
delegar vt to delegate.
deletrear vt to spell, spell out.
deletreo nm spelling (out).
delfn nm (animal) dolphin.
delgado,-a adj 1 (poco ancho) thin. 2 (es-
belto) slim, slender. 3 (flaco) thin.
 deliberacin 110
deliberacin nf deliberation.
deliberadamente adv deliberately.
deliberar vt to decide.
P vi to deliberate (sobre, on).
delicadeza nf 1 (finura) delicacy, dain-
tiness. 2 (tacto) thoughtfulness; (refi-
namiento) refinement.
delicado,-a adj 1 (fino) delicate; (refina-
do) refined. 2 (difcil) delicate, diffi-
cult: una situacin delicada a delicate sit-
uation. 3 (frgil) fragile.
delicia nf delight, pleasure.
delicioso,-a adj delightful, charming;
(una comida) delicious.
delimitar vt 1 (terreno) to delimit,
mark off. 2 (definir) to define, specify.
delincuencia nf delinquency.
delincuente nm o nf delinquent.
delineante nm o nf (hombre) draughts-
man; (mujer) draughtswoman.
delinear vt to delineate, outline,
sketch.
delirar vi to be delirious.
delirio nm 1 (desvaro) delirium. 2 fig
(disparate) nonsense.
delito nm offence (us offense), crime.
delta nf 1 (letra) delta. 2 (ala delta) hang-
gliding.
P nm geog delta.
demacrado,-a adj (gen) emaciated;
(cara) haggard, drawn.
demagogia nf demagoguery, dema-
gogy.
demaggico,-a adj demagogic,
demagogical.
demagogo,-a nm & nf demagogue.
demanda nf 1 (peticin) petition, re-
quest. 2 com (pedido de mercancas) de-
mand. 3 jur lawsuit. l o c en demanda
de asking for.
demandado,-a nm & nf defendant.
demandante nm o nf 1 jur plaintiff. 2
(persona que busca) seeker, hunter. (per-
sona que compra) buyer. c o m p deman
dante de empleo job hunter.
demandar vt 1 (pedir) to request, ask
for; (desear) to desire. 2 jur to sue.
demarcar vt to demarcate.
dems adj other, rest of.
P pron the other, the rest: los dems lle
garon tarde the others arrived late.
P adv besides, moreover. l o c por lo
dems apart from that, otherwise. y
todo lo dems everything else.
demasiado,-a adj (singular) too much;
(plural) too many.
P adv (modificador de adjetivo) too; (modifi-
cador de verbo) too much: es demasiado
gordo he's too fat.
demencia nf 1 insanity, madness, de-
m e n t i a . 2 f i g (disparate) s i l l y
thing. c o m p demencia senil senile de-
mentia.
demente adj mad, insane.
P nm o nf 1 (persona enferma) mental pa-
tient. 2 (loco, chalado) lunatic.
democracia nf democracy.
demcrata nm o nf democrat.
democrtico,-a adj democratic.
demografa nf demography.
demogrfico,-a adj demographic.
demoler vt to demolish, pull down,
tear down.
demolicin nf demolition.
demoniaco,-a adj demoniacal, de-
monic, possessed by the devil.
demonio nm demon, devil. l o c de
monios! fam hell!, damn!
demora nf delay.
demorar vt (retrasar) to delay, hold up.
P vpr demorarse (retrasarse) to be de-
layed, be held up.
demostracin nf 1 (gen) demonstra-
tion. 2 mat proof.
demostrar vt 1 (probar) to prove,
show. 2 (hacer una demostracin) to
demonstrate, show. 3 mat to prove.
demostrativo,-a adj demonstrative.
P nm demonstrative.
denegar vt (desestimar) to refuse; (negar)
to deny.
denigrante adj denigrating, dispar-
aging.
denigrar vt 1 to denigrate, disparage,
run down. 2 (insultar) to insult, revile.
denominacin nf 1 (accin) denomi-
nation, naming. 2 (nombre) denomi-
 111
nation, name. c o m p denominacin de
origen (vinos) guarantee of origin.
denominador,-ra adj denominative.
P nm denominador mat denominator.
comp mnimo comn denominador
lowest common denominator.
denominar vt to denominate, name.
densidad nf 1 (gen) density. 2 fig (espe-
sura) thickness, denseness. c o m p
densidad de poblacin population
density.
denso,-a adj (gen) dense; (espeso)
dense, thick.
dentado,-a adj 1 (con dientes) toothed.
2 bot dentate.
dentadura nf teeth pl, set of teeth.
c o m p dentadura postiza false teeth pl,
dentures pl.
dental adj dental. c o m p cepillo dental
toothbrush.
dentellada nf 1 (mordisco) bite. 2 (seal)
tooth mark.
dentera nf fig (envidia) envy. l o c dar
dentera a algn 1 (dar grima) to set sb's
teeth on edge. 2 (dar envidia) to make
sb green with envy.
denticin nf 1 (accin de dentar) teeth-
ing, dentition, cutting of the teeth.
2 (poca en que dentan los nios) denti-
tion.
dentfrico,-a adj tooth.
P nm dentfrico toothpaste. c o m p pas
ta dentfrica toothpaste.
dentista nm o nf dentist. l o c ir al den
tista to go to the dentist's.
dentro adv inside; (de edificio) indoors,
inside: est ah dentro it's in there. l o c
dentro de 1 (lugar) in, inside: dentro de
la casa in the house; dentro de una sema
na in a week, in a week's time. 2 (tiempo)
in. y dentro de lo posible as far as pos-
sible. y dentro de poco soon, shortly.
y por dentro 1 (de una cosa) (on the) in-
side. 2 (de una persona) deep down,
inside, inwardly.
denuncia nf 1 (acusacin) accusation,
formal complaint, report. 2 jur (ac-
cin) reporting; (documento) report. l o c
presentar una denuncia contra algn to
deportividad
lodge a complaint against sb, bring
an action against sb, report sb.
denunciar vt 1 (poner una denuncia) to
report. 2 (dar noticia) to denounce.
deparar vt 1 (presentar) to bring, hold
in store: nadie sabe lo que el destino nos
deparar nobody knows what fate holds
in store for us. 2 (proporcionar) to give,
afford. D
departamento nm 1 (seccin) depart-
ment, section. 2 (de tren) compart-
ment. 3 (habitacin) flat, us apartment.
dependencia nf 1 (hecho de depender)
dependence. 2 (habitacin) room, out-
building.
depender vi 1 to depend (de, on): de
pende de ti it's up to you. 2 (estar bajo el
mando o autoridad) to be under, be an-
swerable to; (necesitar) to be depend-
ent on: an depende de sus padres she's
still dependent on her parents.
dependienta nf shop assistant,
salesgirl, saleswoman.
dependiente adj dependent (de, on).
P nm o nf shop assistant, salesman.
depilacin nf depilation, hair remov-
al. l o c depilacin a la cera waxing.
depilar vt to depilate, remove the
hair from; (cejas) to pluck.
depilatorio,-a adj depilatory. c o m p
crema depilatoria hair-removing
cream.
deplorable adj deplorable, regretta-
ble.
deplorar vt to deplore, lament, regret
deeply.
deponer vt 1 (dejar) to lay down, set
aside. 2 (destituir) to remove from of-
fice; (a un rey) to depose.
deportacin nf deportation.
deportar vt to deport.
deporte nm sport: practicas algn depor
te? do you do any sport?, do you play
any sport? l o c hacer deporte to do
some sport.
deportista adj sporty, keen on sport.
P nm o nf (hombre) sportsman; (mujer)
sportswoman.
deportividad nf sportsmanship.
deportivo
deportivo,-a adj 1 (aficionado al deporte)
sporting, sporty. 2 (relacionado con el
deporte) sports: club deportivo sports
club. 3 (informal) casual: ropa deportiva
casual clothes.
P nm deportivo (coche) sports car.
depositar vt 1 (dinero, joyas) to deposit.
2 (colocar) to place, put. 3 (sedimentar)
to deposit.
P vpr depositarse (caer en el fondo) to
settle.
depositario,-a nm & nf (de algo material)
depositary, trustee; (de algo inmaterial)
repository.
depsito nm 1 (recipiente) tank. 2 (alma-
cn) store, warehouse, depot. 3 (sedi-
mento) deposit, sediment. l o c en de
psito in bond. c o m p depsito de
gasolina petrol tank.
depreciar vt to depreciate.
P vpr depreciarse to depreciate.
depredador,-ra adj depredatory.
P nm & nf depredator, pillager.
depredar vt to depredate, pillage.
depresin nf depression: depresin atmos
frica atmospheric depression. c o m p de
presin nerviosa nervous breakdown.
depresivo,-a adj 1 (deprimente) de-
pressing. 2 med depressive.
deprimente adj depressing.
deprimido,-a adj depressed.
deprimir vt to depress.
P vpr deprimirse to get depressed.
deprisa adv quickly.
depuracin nf (del agua) purification;
(de la sangre) cleansing.
depurador,-ra adj purifying.
P nm depurador (sustancia) depurative;
(aparato) purifier.
depurar vt 1 (purificar agua) to purify,
depurate; (sangre) to cleanse. 2 pol to
purge. 3 fig (perfeccionar) to purify, re-
fine.
derecha nf 1 (mano) right hand. 2 (lu-
gar) right: dame el de la derecha give me
the one on the right. 3 la derecha pol
the right, the right wing.
derechista adj right-wing, rightist.
112
derecho,-a adj 1 right: la mano derecha
the right hand. 2 (recto) straight, up-
right.
P adv derecho straight: se fue derecho a
la cama he went straight to bed.
P nm derecho 1 (leyes) law. 2 (privilegio)
right: todos los nios tienen derecho a la
enseanza gratuita all children have a
right to free education. 3 (de una tela, cal-
cetn, etc) right side.
P nm pl derechos (impuestos) duties,
taxes; (tarifa) fees. l o c no hay dere
cho! it's not fair! y tener derecho a to
be entitled to, have the right to.
c o m p derecho civil civil law. y derecho
de admisin right sing to refuse ad-
mission. y derechos de matrcula reg-
istration fees. y derechos humanos
human rights.
deriva nf drift. l o c ir a la deriva to drift.
derivada nf mat derivative.
derivado,-a adj derived, derivative.
P nm derivado 1 ling derivative. 2
(subproducto) derivative, byproduct.
derivar vi 1 (proceder) to spring, arise,
come, stem. 2 mar to drift. 3 ling to be
derived (de, from), derive (de, from).
P vt 1 (dirigir) to direct, divert. 2 ling
to derive. 3 mat to derive.
P vpr derivarse 1 (proceder) to result
(de, from), stem (de, from). 2 ling to
be derived (de, from).
dermatologa nf dermatology.
dermatlogo,-a nm & nf dermatolo-
gist.
drmico,-a adj dermal, dermic, skin.
dermis nf inv dermis.
dermoprotector,-ra adj which is
kind to the skin.
derogar vt 1 jur to abolish, repeal. 2
(contrato) to rescind, cancel.
derramar vt to pour out, spill.
derrame nm pouring out, spilling.
c o m p derrame cerebral med brain
haemorrhage.
derrapar vi to skid.
derredor nm surroundings pl. l o c al/
en derredor round, around.
. Consulta tambin alrededor.
 113
derretir vt (gen) to melt; (hielo, nieve) to
melt, thaw; (metal) to melt down.
P vpr derretirse (fundirse) to melt; (hielo,
nieve) to melt, thaw.
derribar vt 1 (demoler) to pull down,
demolish, knock down. 2 (hacer caer
a una persona) to knock over; (de un ca-
ballo) to throw.
derribo nm (demolicin) demolition,
knocking down, pulling down.
derrocar vt 1 (demoler) to pull down,
demolish, knock down. 2 (gobierno)
to overthrow, bring down.
derrochar vt (dilapidar) to waste,
squander.
derroche nm (despilfarro) waste, squan-
dering.
derrota nm 1 (de un ejrcito) defeat. 2
(fracaso) failure, setback.
derrotar vt to defeat, beat: me derrot
al tenis he beat me at tennis.
derruido,-a adj in ruins.
derruir vt to pull down, demolish,
knock down.
derrumbar vt (demoler) to pull down,
demolish, knock down.
P vpr derrumbarse 1 (un edificio) to col-
lapse, fall down; (un techo) to fall in,
cave in. 2 fig to collapse.
desabotonar vt (desabrochar) to unbut-
ton, undo.
desabrigar vt (ropa) to take some-
one's coat off.
P vpr desabrigarse (uso reflexivo) to take
off one's coat.
desabrochar vt to undo, unfasten.
P vpr desabrocharse (una prenda) to
come undone, come unfastened.
desacato nm 1 (falta de respeto) lack of
respect (a, for), disrespect (a, for). 2
jur contempt (a, for). l o c desacato a
la autoridad contempt.
desacelerar vi to decelerate.
desaconsejar vt to advise against.
desacostumbrado,-a adj unusual,
strange.
desacostumbrar vt (hacer perder un
uso) to break of a habit, get out of a
habit.
desahogar
P vpr desacostumbrarse (perder la cos-
tumbre) to get out of the habit (de,
of), lose the habit (de, of), give up
(de, -).
desacreditar vt to discredit, bring
discredit on, bring into discredit.
desactivar vt to defuse.
desacuerdo nm disagreement. l o c es
tar en desacuerdo con to be in disa- D
greement with.
desafiar vt 1 (gen) to defy. 2 (no hacer
caso a) to flout; (no obedecer) to defy. 3
(plantar cara a - persona) to defy, stand
up to; (- dificultad) to brave. l o c desa
fiar a algn a hacer algo to challenge sb
to do sth, dare sb to do sth.
desafilar vt to blunt.
desafinado,-a adj out of tune.
desafinar vi (gen) to be out of tune;
(cantar) to sing out of tune; (tocar) to
play out of tune.
P vt to put out of tune.
desafo nm 1 (reto) challenge. 2 (provo-
cacin) provocation, defiance.
desafortunadamente adv unfortu-
nately.
desafortunado,-a adj (sin suerte) un-
lucky, unfortunate.
desagradable adj disagreeable, un-
pleasant.
desagradar vi to displease: me desa
grada su msica I don't like her music.
desagradecido,-a adj ungrateful.
desagrado nm displeasure, discon-
tent. l o c con desagrado reluctantly.
desagraviar vt (reparar el agravio) to
make amends for, make up for.
desagravio nm amends pl, compen-
sation.
desage nm 1 (accin) draining, drain-
age. 2 (caera) waste pipe, drain-
pipe.
desahogado,-a adj 1 (espacioso)
roomy, spacious. 2 (con dinero) well-
off, well-to-do, comfortable: una po
sicin desahogada comfortable circum-
stances.
desahogar vt 1 (consolar) to comfort;
(aliviar) to relieve. 2 fig (mostrar) to
desahogo
vent, pour out: desahog sus penas he
vented his grief.
P vpr desahogarse (desfogarse) to let off
steam: desahgate! don't bottle it up!
desahogo nm 1 (alivio) relief. 2 fig (eco-
nmico) comfort, ease: viven con desaho
go they live comfortably.
desahuciado,-a adj 1 (enfermo) hope-
less. 2 (inquilino) evicted.
desahuciar vt 1 to deprive of all
hope. 2 jur (inquilino) to evict.
desahucio nm eviction, monetary
compensation.
desajuste nm (mal funcionamiento) mal-
adjustment; (avera) breakdown.
desalar vt to desalt.
desalentador,-ra adj discouraging,
disheartening.
desalentar vt fig (quitar el nimo) to dis-
courage, dishearten.
P vpr desalentarse get discouraged.
desaliento nm discouragement.
desalinear vt to put out of line.
desaliado,-a adj untidy, unkempt,
scruffy.
desalojar vt 1 (marcharse) to evacuate,
clear, move out of. 2 (inquilino) to
evict (de, from).
desamortizacin nf disentailment.
desamortizar vt to disentail.
desamparado,-a adj (persona) help-
less, unprotected.
desamparar vt to abandon, desert,
leave helpless.
desamparo nm 1 (abandono) abandon-
ment, desertion. 2 (falta de ayuda)
helplessness.
desandar vt to go back over, retrace.
desangrar vt (sangrar) to bleed.
P vpr desangrarse to bleed heavily,
lose blood.
desanimado,-a adj (decado) dejected,
downhearted.
desanimar vt to discourage, dis-
hearten.
P vpr desanimarse to be discouraged,
be disheartened, lose heart.
desnimo nm despondency, discour-
agement, dejection.
114
desaparecer vi (dejar de estar) to disap-
pear.
desaparecido,-a adj missing.
P nm & nf missing person: haba diez
desaparecidos there were ten missing.
desaparicin nf disappearance.
desapasionado,-a adj dispassionate,
objective, impartial.
desapego nm 1 (indiferencia) indiffer-
ence. 2 (falta de afecto) coolness, lack
of affection.
desapercibido,-a adj (inadvertido) un-
noticed. l o c pasar desapercibido,-a to
go unnoticed.
desaprensivo,-a adj unscrupulous.
P nm & nf unscrupulous person.
desaprobacin nf disapproval.
desaprobar vt to disapprove of.
desaprovechado,-a adj (desperdiciado)
wasted.
desaprovechar vt 1 (no sacar suficiente
provecho) not to take advantage of. 2
(desperdiciar) to waste. l o c desaprove
char una ocasin to miss an opportu-
nity, waste an opportunity.
desarmado,-a adj 1 (sin armas) un-
armed. 2 (desmontado) dismantled,
taken to pieces.
desarmar vt 1 (quitar las armas) to dis-
arm. 2 (desmontar) to dismantle, take
apart, take to pieces: el mecnico des
mont el motor the mechanic stripped
the engine down.
desarme nm disarmament. c o m p des
arme nuclear nuclear disarmament.
desarraigado,-a adj fig (persona) root-
less, without roots, uprooted.
desarraigar vt (rbol, persona) to up-
root.
P vpr desarraigarse fig (persona) to pull
up one's roots.
desarraigo nm (de rbol, persona) up-
rooting.
desarreglar vt (desordenar) make unti-
dy, mess up, untidy.
desarrollado,-a adj developed: es un
pas desarrollado it's a developed coun-
try.
 115
desarrollar vt 1 (gen) to develop. (des-
hacer un rollo) to unroll, unfold. 2 (ex-
poner) to expound, explain. 3 (llevar a
cabo) to carry out: desarrollar un proyec
to to carry out a project. 4 mat to ex-
pand, develop.
P vpr desarrollarse (crecer) to develop.
desarrollo nm 1 (gen) development. 2
mat expansion.
desarticulado,-a adj disjointed.
desarticular vt 1 med to disarticulate,
put out of joint, dislocate. 2 (un meca-
nismo) to take to pieces.
desaseado,-a adj 1 (sucio) untidy,
dirty. 2 (dejado) untidy, slovenly, un-
kempt, scruffy.
desasosegado,-a adj restless, anx-
ious.
desasosegar vt to make restless,
make uneasy.
P vpr desasosegarse to become rest-
less, become uneasy.
desasosiego nm uneasiness, anxiety,
restlessness.
desastrado,-a adj (desaseado) untidy,
slovenly, unkempt, scruffy.
desastre nm 1 (catstrofe) disaster, ca-
tastrophe. 2 fam (calamidad) disaster,
flop: la excursin fue un desastre the trip
was a washout.
desastroso,-a adj disastrous.
desatar vt 1 (soltar - gen) to untie, un-
do, unfasten; (- perro, etc) to let loose:
desata al perro let the dog loose. 2 fig
(desencadenar) to spark off, give rise
to; (pasiones) to unleash.
P vpr desatarse 1 (soltarse) to come un-
tied, come undone, come unfas-
tened. 2 fig (desencadenarse) to break,
explode: se desat una gran tormenta a
great storm broke.
desatascador nm plunger.
desatascar vt to unblock, clear.
desatender vt (no prestar atencin) to
pay no attention to.
desatento,-a adj (descorts) discourte-
ous, impolite.
P nm & nf (descorts) impolite person,
discourteous person.
desbrozar
desatornillar vt to unscrew.
desautorizacin nf disapproval.
desautorizado,-a adj unauthorized.
desautorizar vt 1 (desaprobar) to disap-
prove. 2 (prohibir) to ban, forbid: el
gobierno desautoriz la manifestacin the
Government banned the demonstra-
D
tion.
desavenencia nf (desacuerdo) disagree-
ment, discord.
desavenir vt to cause to quarrel.
P vpr desavenirse to quarrel.
desayunar vi to have breakfast,
breakfast.
P vt to have for breakfast.
desayuno nm breakfast.
desazn nf fig (disgusto) grief, afflic-
tion, worry.
desazonado,-a adj 1 fig (disgustado)
upset. 2 fig (inquieto) anxious, uneasy.
desazonar vt 1 fig (disgustar) to annoy,
upset. 2 fig (inquietar) to make un-
easy, worry.
P vpr desazonarse 1 fig (disgustarse) to
get upset. 2 fig (inquietarse) to worry.
desbandada nf scattering.
desbandarse vpr to scatter, disperse.
desbaratar vt (frustrar) to spoil, ruin:
nos desbarat los planes she spoilt our
plans.
desbloquear vt 1 tc to free. 2 fin to
unfreeze.
desbloqueo nm 1 tc freeing. 2 fin
unfreezing.
desbocado,-a adj (caballo) runaway.
desbocar vi (desembocar) to flow (en,
into).
P vpr desbocarse (caballo) to run away,
bolt.
desbordar vt 1 (sobrepasar) to over-
flow. 2 fig (exceder) to surpass, ex-
ceed: eso desborda mis conocimientos
that's way over my head.
P vi (salirse) to overflow: el ro desbord
the river overflowed.
P vpr desbordarse 1 (salirse) to over-
flow, flood. 2 fig to burst.
desbrozar vt (terreno) to clear of
weeds, clear of undergrowth.
descabalgar
descabalgar vi to dismount.
descabellado,-a adj fig wild, crazy:
una idea descabellada a crackpot idea.
descacharrar vt fam (romper) to break;
(estropear) to ruin, mess up, spoil.
descafeinado,-a adj decaffeinated.
P nm descafeinado decaffeinated cof-
fee.
descalabrar vt (herir) to injure; (en la
cabeza) to injure in the head.
P vpr descalabrarse to injure one's
head.
descalabro nm misfortune, damage,
loss.
descalcificacin nf decalcification.
descalcificar vt to decalcify.
descalificacin nf 1 disqualification.
2 (descrdito) discredit.
descalificar vt 1 to disqualify. 2 (desa-
creditar) to discredit.
descalzar vt (zapatos) to take off sb's
shoes.
P vpr descalzarse to take off one's
shoes.
descalzo,-a adj barefoot, barefooted.
descamacin nf desquamation.
descamarse vpr to desquamate.
descampado,-a nm open space,
open field.
descansado,-a adj 1 rested, re-
freshed. 2 (tranquilo) easy, effortless.
descansar vi 1 (gen) to rest, have a
rest; (un momento) to take a break. 2
(dormir) to sleep: que descanses! sleep
well!
descansillo nm landing.
descanso nm 1 rest, break. 2 (en un es-
pectculo) interval; (en un partido) inter-
val, half-time. 3 (alivio) relief, com-
fort: qu descanso! what a relief! 4
(rellano) landing.
descapitalizar vt (perder el capital) to
undercapitalize.
descapotable adj convertible.
P nm convertible.
descarado,-a adj (actitud) shameless,
brazen, insolent; (persona) cheeky.
P nm & nf shameless person, cheeky
person.
116
descarga nf 1 (accin) unloading. 2
(elctrica) discharge. 3 inform down-
load.
descargar vt 1 (disparar una arma) to
fire, discharge, shoot; (vaciar una ar-
ma) to unload. 2 inform to down-
load.
P vi (tormenta) to break; (nubes) to
burst.
P vpr descargarse (pilas, bateras) to dis-
charge.
descargo nm (descarga) unloading.
descaro nm impudence, cheek,
nerve. l o c qu descaro! what a
cheek!
descarriado,-a adj fig lost. l o c ser la
oveja descarriada fig to be the lost
sheep.
descarriar vt 1 (apartar del camino) to
send the wrong way, put on the
wrong road, misdirect. 2 fig to lead
astray.
P vpr descarriarse 1 (perderse) to lose
one's way, get lost, go the wrong
way. 2 fig to go astray.
descarrilar vi to be derailed, run off
the rails, go off the rails .
descartar vt to discard, reject, rule
out: descartamos esa posibilidad we ruled
out that possibility.
descastado,-a adj (poco carioso) unaf-
fectionate, cold.
P nm & nf (poco carioso) unaffectionate
person.
descendencia nf offspring, descend-
ants pl.
descender vi 1 to descend, go down,
come down. 2 (temperatura, nivel, etc) to
drop, fall, go down. 3 (ser descendiente)
to descend ( de , from), issue ( de ,
from).
P vt (bajar) to go down: descendi la es
calera muy rpidamente he went down
the stairs very quickly.
descendiente nm o nf descendant; (hi-
jos) offspring.
descenso nm 1 (accin) descent, lower-
ing. 2 (de temperatura) drop, fall. 3 fig
(declive) decline, fall. 4 dep (de divisin)
relegation.

descentralizacin nf decentraliza-
tion.
descentralizar vt to decentralize.
descentrar vt fig to disorientate,
throw, put off.
P vpr descentrarse fig to become dis-
orientated.
descifrar vt 1 to decipher, decode. 2
fig (llegar a comprender) to solve, figure
out.
desclavar vt (desprender) to take off.
descodificar vt to decode.
descolgar vt 1 (cuadro, etc) to take
down. 2 (bajar) to lower, let down. 3
(el telfono) to pick up, lift: dej el telfo
no descolgado she left the telephone off
the hook.
descollar vi to stand out, excel.
descolonizacin nf decolonization.
descolonizar vt to decolonize.
descolorar vt to discolour ( us dis-
color), fade.
descolorido,-a adj discoloured (us
discolored), faded.
descombro nm clearing.
descompensar vt to unbalance, up-
set, throw out of kilter.
descomponer vt 1 (separar) to break
down, split up. 2 (estropear) to break.
3 fs to resolve. 4 qum to decom-
pose. 5 mat to split up. 6 fig (molestar)
to disturb, upset; (irritar) irritate. 7
(pudrir) to rot.
P vpr descomponerse 1 (pudrirse) to de-
compose, rot. 2 (estropearse) to break
down. 3 fs to resolve. 4 qum to de-
compose. 5 mat to split.
descomposicin nf 1 (pudrimiento) de-
composition, decay. 2 fam (diarrea)
diarrhoea (us diarrhea).
descompresin nf decompression.
descomprimir vt to decompress, de-
pressurize.
descompuesto,-a adj 1 (podrido) de-
composed, decayed, rotten. 2 (estro-
peado) out of order, broken down. 3
f i g (alterado) u p s e t . l o c estar
descompuesto,-a to have diarrhoea
(us diarrhea).
117 desconocido
descomunal adj huge, enormous.
desconcertado,-a adj disconcerted,
confused, upset.
desconcertante adj disconcerting,
upsetting.
desconcertar vt (perturbar) to discon-
cert, upset, disturb.
D
P vpr desconcertarse (perturbarse) to be
disconcerted.
desconchado,-a nm (pared) flaking,
peeling; (loza) chipping.
desconchar vt (pared) to peel off,
flake; (loza) to chip.
P vpr desconcharse to peel off, flake
off; (loza) to chip.
desconchn nm (en pared) bare patch.
desconcierto nm disorder, confu-
sion, chaos.
desconectado,-a adj fig cut off (de,
from).
desconectar vt 1 elec to disconnect. 2
(un aparato) to switch off, turn off. 3
(desenchufar) to unplug. 4 fam fig to
turn off, switch off.
desconexin nf disconnection.
desconfiado,-a adj distrustful, suspi-
cious, wary.
P nm & nf distrustful person, suspi-
cious person, wary person.
desconfianza nf distrust, mistrust,
suspicion.
desconfiar vi 1 (faltar la confianza) to
distrust (de, -), mistrust (de, -), be
suspicious (de, of). 2 (tener cuidado) to
beware (de, of).
descongelar vt 1 (comida) to thaw,
thaw out. 2 (nevera) to defrost.
descongestin nf (nasal) unblocking,
clearing, decongestion.
descongestionar vt to clear.
desconocer vt not to know, be una-
ware of: desconozco su nombre I don't
know her name.
desconocido,-a adj 1 (no conocido) un-
known. 2 (extrao) strange, unfamil-
iar.
P nm & nf stranger, unknown per-
son.
P nm lo desconocido the unknown.
desconocimiento 118
desconocimiento nm ignorance (de,
of).
desconsideracin nf thoughtless-
ness .
desconsiderado,-a adj thoughtless.
P nm & nf thoughtless person.
desconsolado,-a adj disconsolate,
grief-stricken, inconsolable.
desconsolar vt to distress, grieve.
desconsuelo nm affliction.
descontar vt (restar) to deduct, take
off, knock off.
descontento,-a adj displeased, un-
happy, dissatisfied, discontented.
P nm & nf malcontent.
descontrol nm fam lack of control,
chaos.
descontrolado,-a adj 1 uncontrolled,
out of control. 2 fam fig out of con-
trol, wild.
descontrolarse vpr (persona) to lose
control.
desconvocar vt to cancel, call off.
descorazonador,-ra adj dishearten-
ing, discouraging.
descorazonar vt to dishearten, dis-
courage.
P vpr descorazonarse to lose heart,
get discouraged.
descorchar vt to uncork.
descorrer vt (cortinas) to draw; (cerrojo)
to unbolt.
descorts adj impolite, rude, dis-
courteous.
descortesa nf impoliteness, rude-
ness, discourtesy.
descoser vt to unpick.
P vpr descoserse to come unstitched.
descosido,-a nm open seam.
descoyuntar vt 1 (hueso) to dislocate,
disjoint. 2 fig (cansar) to exhaust, tire
out.
P vpr descoyuntarse to become dislo-
cated. l o c descoyuntarse de risa fam
to split one's sides laughing.
descredo,-a adj disbelieving, unbe-
lieving.
P nm & nf disbeliever, unbeliever.
descremado,-a adj skimmed. comp
yogur descremado low-fat yoghurt.
describir vt to describe.
descripcin nf description.
descriptivo,-a adj descriptive.
descrito,-a adj described.
descuartizar vt (persona) to quarter;
(animal) to quarter, cut up.
descubierto,-a adj open, uncovered:
el cielo est descubierto the sky is clear.
descubrimiento nm discovery.
descubrir vt 1 (gen) to discover; (petr-
leo, oro, minas) to find; (conspiracin) to
uncover; (crimen) to bring to light. 2
(averiguar) to find out, discover: descu
brimos sus intenciones we found out his
intentions.
P vpr descubrirse (la cabeza) to take off
one's hat.
descuento nm 1 discount, reduction,
deduction. 2 dep injury time. l o c con
descuento at a discount, on offer.
descuidado,-a adj 1 (negligente) care-
less, negligent. 2 (desprevenido) unpre-
pared.
descuidar vt 1 to neglect, overlook. 2
(distraer) to distract.
P vpr descuidarse (no tener cuidado) to be
careless. l o c descuida! don't worry!
descuido nm 1 (negligencia) negligence,
carelessness, neglect. 2 (distraccin)
oversight, slip, mistake. l o c por des
cuido inadvertently, by mistake.
desde prep 1 (tiempo) since: desde 1992
since 1992. 2 (lugar) from: desde all
from there. l o c desde ahora from now
on. y desde luego 1 (en realidad) really. 2
(como respuesta) of course, certainly.
desdentado,-a adj toothless.
desdibujar vt to blur.
P vpr desdibujarse t o b e c o m e
blurred, become faint.
desdicha nf misfortune, misery, ad-
versity.
desdichado,-a adj unfortunate,
wretched, unlucky.
desdoblar vt to unfold.
desdramatizar vt to make less trau-
matic, play down.
 119
deseado,-a adj desired: en el momento
deseado at the right time.
desear vt 1 (querer) to want: deseo que
venga I want him to come. 2 (anhelar) to
long for, wish for, desire; (para al-
guien) to wish: qu desea? can I help
you?, what can I do for you?
desecar vt 1 (gen) to dry up. 2 (pantano,
laguna, etc) to drain.
P vpr desecarse to dry up.
desechable adj disposable.
desechar vt 1 (tirar) to discard, throw
out, throw away. 2 (rechazar) to re-
fuse, reject; (proyecto, idea) to drop,
discard.
desecho nm (residuo ) reject.
P nm pl desechos waste sing, rubbish
sing.
desembalar vt to unpack.
desembarazar vt (dejar libre) to free.
Pvpr desembarazarse (librarse) to rid
os(de, of), get rid (de, of).
desembarcar vi to disembark, land,
go ashore.
P vt (mercancas) to unload; (personas) to
disembark, put ashore.
desembarco nm (mercancas) landing,
unloading; (personas) disembarka-
tion, landing.
desembocadura nf (de ro) mouth,
outlet.
desembocar vi 1 (ro) to flow (en, in-
to). 2 (calle) to end (en, at), lead (en,
into).
desembolso nm (gasto) expense, out-
lay, expenditure.
desembozar vt fig to uncover, bring
out into the open.
desembrujar vt to remove a spell
from.
desembuchar vi to come clean, spill
the beans: desembucha de una vez!
come out with it once and for all!
desempaar vt to wipe the steam
from, demist.
desempaquetar vt to unpack, un-
wrap.
desemparejar vt to separate.
desencuadernar
desempatar vt to break a tie be-
tween.
Pvi dep (desempatar un resultado) to
break the deadlock.
desempate nm 1 tie-break, tiebreak-
er. 2 dep play-off, tie-break. c o m p
partido de desempate play off, decid-
ing match.
desempear vt 1 (cumplir una obligacin) D
to discharge, fulfil (us fulfill), carry
out; (un cargo) to fill, hold, occupy. 2
(papel) to play: desempea un papel vital
she plays a vital role.
desempeo nm 1 (obligaciones, cargo)
carrying out, fulfilment (us fulfill-
ment). 2 teat performance, acting.
desempleado,-a adj unemployed,
out of work.
P nm & nf unemployed person.
desempleo nm unemployment. l o c
cobrar el desempleo to be on the
dole, (us be on welfare).
desempolvar vt 1 (quitar el polvo) to
dust. 2 fig (volver a usar) to unearth.
desencadenar vt fig (producir) to spark
off, give rise to.
P vpr desencadenarse 1 (desatarse) to
break loose. 2 (guerra, tormenta) to
break out: se desencaden una tormenta
a storm broke. 3 (acontecimientos) to
start.
desencajar vt (desunir) to take apart,
disjoint.
P vpr desencajarse (desunirse) to come
apart, come loose.
desencallar vt to refloat.
desencantar vt (desilusionar) to disillu-
sion, disappoint.
P vpr desencantarse to be disappoint-
ed, be disillusioned.
desencanto nm (desilusin) disillusion-
ment, disappointment.
desenchufar vt to unplug, discon-
nect.
desencolar vt to unglue, unstick.
P vpr desencolarse to come unglued,
come unstuck.
desencuadernar vt to unbind.
P vpr desencuadernarse to come un-
bound.
desenfadado
desenfadado,-a adj 1 (despreocupado)
free and easy, carefree. 2 (ropa) casu-
al.
desenfadar vt to calm down.
P vpr desenfadarse to calm down.
desenfado nm 1 (soltura) self-confi-
dence, assurance. 2 (franqueza) frank-
ness, openness.
desenfocado,-a adj out of focus.
desenfocar vt to take out of focus.
desenfoque nm incorrect focusing.
desenfrenado,-a adj (gen) frantic, un-
controlled, wild.
desenfreno nm (falta de control) lack of
control, wild abandon.
desenfundar vt (quitar) to draw out,
pull out.
desenganchar vt (gen) to unhook, un-
fasten; (despegar) to unstick.
desengaado,-a adj 1 (desilusionado)
disillusioned. 2 (decepcionado) disap-
pointed, let down.
desengaar vt 1 (decepcionar) to disap-
point. 2 (desilusionar) to disillusion.
P vpr desengaarse 1 (ver la verdad) to
have one's eyes opened (de, about).
2 (tener una decepcin) to be disappoint-
ed.
desengao nm (desilusin) disillusion;
(decepcin) disappointment. l o c sufrir
un desengao to be disappointed.
desengrasar vt to remove the grease
from.
desenhebrar vt to unthread.
desenjaular vt to let out of a cage,
release.
desenlace nm 1 (resultado) outcome,
result. 2 (final) end.
desenlazar vt (desatar) to untie, undo.
desenmaraar vt 1 (desenredar) to un-
tangle, unravel. 2 fig (poner en claro) to
unravel, clear up; (un asunto) to sort
out.
desenmascarar vt to unmask.
desenredar vt to untangle, disentan-
gle.
P vpr desenredarse to get out (de, of),
extricate os (de, from).
desenrollar vt to unroll, unwind.
120
desenroscar vt to unscrew, uncoil.
desentenderse vpr (afectar ignorancia) to
pretend not to know (de, -/about),
ignore (de, -), feign ignorance (de,
of): se desentiende de m she ignores me.
desenterrar vt (un objeto) to unearth,
dig up; (cadver) to disinter, exhume.
desentonar vi 1 ms (instrumento) to be
out of tune; (cantante) to sing out of
tune. 2 fig (combinar) not to match
(con, -).
desentrenado,-a adj out of training.
desentrenarse vpr to be out of train-
ing, get out of training.
desenvainar vt to unsheathe, draw.
desenvoltura nf fig (soltura) confi-
dence, assurance.
desenvolver vt 1 (quitar lo que envuelve)
to unwrap. 2 (aclarar) to clear up.
P vpr desenvolverse (manejarse) to
manage, cope: se desenvuelve muy bien
en los negocios he manages very well in
business.
desenvuelto,-a adj (seguro) confident,
self-assured.
deseo nm wish, desire. l o c formular
un deseo to make a wish. c o m p bue
nos deseos good intentions.
deseoso,-a adj desirous, eager, anx-
ious. l o c estar deseoso,-a de hacer al-
go to be eager to do sth.
desequilibrado,-a adj 1 unbalanced,
out of balance. 2 (persona) mentally
unbalanced.
desequilibrar vt 1 to unbalance,
throw off balance. 2 fig to unbal-
ance.
P vpr desequilibrarse fig to become
unbalanced.
desequilibrio nm 1 lack of balance,
imbalance. 2 fig (mental) unbalanced
state of mind.
desertar vi 1 mil to desert. 2 fig (aban-
donar) to abandon, desert.
desrtico,-a adj desert.
desertizacin nf desertification.
desertor,-ra nm & nf deserter.
desesperacin nf despair, despera-
tion.
 121
desesperadamente adv desperately,
frantically.
desesperado,-a adj (sin esperanza)
hopeless, desperate.
desesperanza nf despair, despera-
tion, hopelessness.
desesperanzar vt to drive to despair.
P vpr desesperanzarse to despair, lose
hope, give up hope (de, of).
desesperar vt 1 (hacer perder la paciencia)
to drive to despair. 2 (exasperar) to
exasperate.
P vpr desesperarse 1 (desesperanzar) to
lose hope, despair. 2 (irritarse) to get
irritated, become exasperated: se
desespera por todo everything exasper-
ates her.
desestabilizacin nf destabilization.
desestabilizar vt to destabilize.
desestimar vt to disregard, underes-
timate.
desfachatez nf cheek, nerve.
desfalco nm embezzlement.
desfallecer vt (disminuir las fuerzas) to
weaken.
P vi 1 (debilitar) to weaken, lose
strength. 2 (decaer) to lose heart.
desfallecido,-a adj weak, faint.
desfallecimiento nm faintness.
desfasado,-a adj outdated, out of
date; (persona) old-fashioned, behind
the times.
desfasar vt tc to phase out.
P vpr desfasarse 1 tc to change
phase. 2 (persona) to be out of synch.
desfase nm 1 (diferencia) imbalance,
gap. 2 tc phase difference. c o m p
desfase horario 1 (entre pases) time dif-
ference. 2 (al volar en avin) jet lag.
desfavorable adj unfavourable (us
unfavorable).
desfavorecer vt (perjudicar) to disad-
vantage, put at a disadvantage.
desfigurado,-a adj (persona) disfig-
ured.
desfigurar vt (cara) to disfigure.
P vpr desfigurarse (descomponerse) to
become distorted.
desgraciado
desfiladero nm defile, gorge, narrow
pass.
desfilar vi 1 (gen) to march. 2 mil to
march, march past, parade. 3 (moda)
to parade, walk up and down.
desfile nm 1 (gen) parade, proces-
sion. 2 mil parade. 3 (moda) fashion
show.
desfogar vt (descargar) to give vent to, D
vent.
P vpr desfogarse to let off steam,
vent one's anger.
desgajar vt 1 (rama) to tear off; (pgina)
to rip out, tear out. 2 (romper) to
break.
desgana nf (inapetencia) lack of appe-
tite. l o c con desgana reluctantly.
desganado,-a adj 1 (sin gana) not hun-
gry: est desganado he has no appetite.
2 (aptico) apathetic, half-hearted.
desganar vt 1 (quitar el apetito) to spoil
the appetite of. 2 (quitar las ganas) to
turn off.
P vpr desganarse 1 (perder el apetito) to
lose one's appetite. 2 (perder el inte-
rs) to lose interest (de, in), go off
(de, -).
desgarbado,-a adj ungainly, un-
graceful, clumsy.
desgarrador,-ra adj heartbreaking,
heart-rending.
desgarrar vt (rasgar) to tear, rip.
P vpr desgarrarse (rasgarse) to tear,
rip.
desgarro nm (rompimiento) tear, rip.
desgastar vt (ropa) to wear out, wear
away; (tacones) to wear down.
P vpr desgastarse (gastarse) to wear
out, get worn.
desgaste nm (gen) wear.
desglosar vt 1 (escrito) to detach. 2 (gas-
tos) to break down.
desglose nm breakdown, separation.
desgracia nf 1 (desdicha) misfortune. 2
(mala suerte) bad luck, mischance. l o c
por desgracia unfortunately.
desgraciado,-a adj 1 (sin suerte) unfor-
tunate, unlucky. 2 (infeliz) unhappy.
desgraciar
P nm & nf wretch, unfortunate per-
son.
desgraciar vt (echar a perder) to spoil.
P vpr desgraciarse (malograrse) to fail,
be spoiled; (plan, proyecto) to fall
through.
desgranar vt (guisante, maz) to shell;
(trigo) to thresh.
desgravar vt to deduct.
desguace nm 1 (de barco) breaking up;
(coche) car breaking, scrapping. 2 (lu-
gar) breaker's yard, scrapyard.
desguazar vt (barco) to break up; (co-
che) to scrap.
deshabitado,-a adj (pueblo, lugar) un-
inhabited; (casa, departamento) unoc-
cupied.
deshabitar vt to leave, abandon, va-
cate.
deshabituar vt (hacer perder el hbito) to
break from the habit.
P vpr deshabituarse to get out of the
habit (a, of), give up (a, -).
deshacer vt 1 (estropear) to ruin, dam-
age; (romper) to break; (desordenar) to
upset. 2 (nudo) to untie, loosen; (pa-
quete) to undo, unwrap; (cama) to
strip; (equipaje) to unpack; (puntadas)
to unpick. 3 (romper un acuerdo) to
break off. 4 (disolver) to dissolve; (de-
rretir) to melt. 5 (desandar) to retrace. 6
(planes, proyectos) to spoil, ruin.
P vpr deshacerse 1 (nudo) to come un-
done, come untied; (puntada) to
come unsewn. 2 (disolverse) to dis-
solve; (derretirse) to melt.
desharrapado,-a adj ragged, in tat-
ters.
deshecho,-a adj 1 (destruido) de-
stroyed. 2 (estropeado) damaged, ru-
ined. 3 (nudo) untied, undone; (paque-
te) unwrapped; (cama) unmade;
(equipaje) unpacked. 4 (disuelto) dis-
solved; (derretido) melted.
deshelar vt 1 to thaw, melt. 2 (congela-
dor) to defrost. 3 (coche) to de-ice.
P vpr deshelarse to thaw out, melt.
desherbar vt to weed.
desheredar vt to disinherit.
deshidratacin nf dehydration.
122
deshidratado,-a adj dehydrated.
deshidratar vt to dehydrate.
P vpr deshidratarse to become dehy-
drated.
deshielo nm thaw; (de congelador) de-
frosting; (de parabrisas) de-icing.
deshilachado,-a adj frayed.
deshilachar vt to fray.
deshilvanar vt to untack.
deshinchado,-a adj 1 (neumtico, etc)
flat, deflated. 2 (sin hinchazn) not
swollen: la rodilla ya la tienes deshincha
da the swelling in your knee has gone
down.
deshinchar vt 1 (neumtico, etc) to de-
flate, let down. 2 (reducir la hinchazn)
to reduce the swelling of.
P vpr deshincharse 1 to deflate, go
down. 2 (reducirse la hinchazn) to go
down.
deshojar vt (flor) to strip the petals
off; (rbol) to strip the leaves off.
P vpr deshojarse (flor) to lose its pet-
als; (rbol) to lose its leaves.
deshollinador nm chimney sweep.
deshollinar vt to sweep.
deshonestidad nf (sin honestidad) dis-
honesty.
deshonesto,-a adj (sin honestidad) dis-
honest.
deshonra nf dishonour (us dishonor),
disgrace.
deshonrar vt (gen) to dishonour (us
dishonor), disgrace.
deshonroso,-a adj dishonourable (us
dishonorable).
desidia nf negligence.
desierto,-a adj (sin habitantes) uninhab-
ited, deserted: una isla desierta a desert
island.
P nm desierto desert.
designar vt 1 (denominar) to designate.
2 (nombrar para un cargo) to appoint,
name, assign.
desigual adj 1 (gen) unequal, uneven.
2 (diferente) different, unequal. 3 (irre-
gular) uneven, irregular. 4 (no liso) un-
even, rough. 5 (variable) changeable:
 123
tiene un carcter muy desigual she is very
changeable.
desigualdad nf (gen) inequality, dif-
ference.
desilusin nf disappointment.
desilusionar vt to disappoint.
P vpr desilusionarse to be disappoint-
ed.
desincrustar vt to descale.
desinencia nf ending, desinence.
desinfectante adj disinfectant.
P nm disinfectant.
desinfectar vt to disinfect.
desinflamar vt to reduce the inflam-
mation in.
P vpr desinflamarse to go down.
desinflar vt (gen) to deflate; (una rueda)
to let down.
P vpr desinflarse to go down.
desinformar vi to misinform.
desinsectar vt to fumigate.
desintegrar vt 1 to disintegrate. 2 fig
to disintegrate, break up. 3 fs to
split.
P vpr desintegrarse 1 to disintegrate.
2 fig to break up. 3 fs to split.
desinters nm (falta de inters) lack of
interest, indifference.
desinteresarse vpr 1 (perder el inters) to
lose interest (de, in), go off (de, -). 2
(desentenderse) to have nothing to do
(de, with).
desintoxicacin nf detoxication.
desintoxicar vt to detoxicate.
desistir vi (gen) to desist, give up.
deslavar vt to half-wash.
desleal adj disloyal.
deslealtad nf disloyalty.
deslenguado,-a adj fig (descarado) in-
solent, cheeky.
desligar vt 1 (desatar) to untie, unfas-
ten. 2 fig (separar) to separate ( de,
from). 3 fig (librar de una obligacin) to
release (de, from), free (de, from).
P vpr desligarse 1 (desatarse) to break
away (de, from). 2 (librarse) to release
os (de, from), free os (de, from).
deslindar vt to delimit, mark the
boundaries of.
desmirriado
desliz nm 1 (resbaln) slide, slip. 2 fig
(error) slip, mistake error. l o c tener
un desliz fig to slip up, make a slip.
deslizamiento nm slipping, slip. c o m p
deslizamiento de tierra landslide.
deslizar vt (pasar) to slide, slip.
P vi (resbalar) to slide, slip.
P vpr deslizarse (gen) to slide; (sobre
D
agua) to glide.
deslucir vt fig (quitar la gracia) to mar,
spoil.
deslumbrar vt to dazzle.
deslustrar vt (metal) to tarnish.
desmadejar vt fig to tire out, ex-
haust.
desmagnetizar vt to demagnetize.
desmantelar vt to dismantle.
desmaquillar vt to remove make-up
from.
P vpr desmaquillarse to remove one's
make-up.
desmarcarse vpr 1 dep to get into an
unmarked position. 2 (distanciarse) to
distance os (de, from), disassociate
os (de, from) .
desmayar vt (causar desmayo) to make
faint.
P vpr desmayarse (perder el sentido) to
faint.
desmayo nm (prdida del conocimiento)
faint, fainting fit. l o c sufrir/tener un
desmayo to faint.
desmejorar vt to spoil, make worse,
damage.
P vi to deteriorate, get worse, go
downhill.
P vpr desmejorarse to deteriorate, get
worse, go downhill.
desmelenar vt (desgrear) to tousle, di-
shevel.
P vpr desmelenarse fam (desmadrarse)
to let one's hair down.
desmemoriado,-a adj forgetful, ab-
sent-minded.
desmentir vt 1 (negar) to deny. 2 (con-
tradecir) to contradict, belie.
desmenuzar vt (gen) to break into lit-
tle pieces.
desmirriado,-a adj fam weedy, puny.
desmitificar
desmitificar vt to demystify.
desmoldar vt to remove from a
mould, turn out.
desmontable adj that can be taken
to pieces.
desmontar vt 1 (desarmar) to take to
pieces, take down, dismantle. 2 (mo-
tor) to strip.
P vi (del caballo) to dismount (de, -).
desmoralizar vt to demoralize.
P vpr desmoralizarse to become de-
moralized.
desmoronamiento nm crumbling,
disintegration, fall.
desmoronar vt to crumble, destroy.
P vpr desmoronarse to crumble, col-
lapse, fall to pieces.
desnatado,-a adj (leche) skimmed; (yo-
gur) low-fat.
desnaturalizacin nf 1 qum dena-
turation. 2 (adulteracin) adulteration.
desnaturalizar vt 1 (adulterar) to adul-
terate. 2 qum to denature, denatur-
ize.
desnivel nm 1 unevenness. 2 (cuesta)
slope, drop. 3 fig difference.
desnivelar vt 1 (sacar de nivel) to make
uneven. 2 (desequilibrar) to throw out
of balance; (balanza) to tip.
desnudar vt 1 to undress. 2 fig (despo-
jar) to strip.
P vpr desnudarse (persona) to get un-
dressed, take one's clothes off.
desnudez nf nudity, nakedness.
desnudo,-a adj (persona) naked, nude;
(parte del cuerpo) bare.
desnutricin nf malnutrition, under-
nourishment.
desnutrido,-a adj undernourished.
desobedecer vt to disobey.
desobediente adj disobedient.
desocupado,-a adj 1 (ocioso) free, not
busy. 2 (desempleado) unemployed,
out of work.
desocupar vt to vacate, leave, empty.
desodorante nm deodorant.
desolacin nf 1 desolation. 2 (tristeza)
affliction, grief.
124
desolado,-a adj (triste) distressed,
heartbroken.
desolador,-ra adj (desconsolador) heart-
breaking, devastating.
desorden nm disorder, disarray,
mess, untidiness.
desordenado,-a adj 1 (habitacin, etc)
untidy, messy. 2 (persona) slovenly.
desordenar vt to untidy, disarrange,
mess up.
desorganizar vt to disorganize, dis-
rupt.
desorientar vt 1 to disorientate. 2 fig
(confundir) to confuse.
P vpr desorientarse to lose one's
bearings, lose one's sense of direc-
tion, get lost.
desovar vi (insectos) to lay eggs; (peces)
to spawn.
desove nm (insectos) egg-laying; (peces)
spawning.
desoxidante adj deoxidizing.
desoxirribonucleico,-a adj deoxyri-
bonucleic.
despabilado,-a adj fig (listo) smart,
sharp, quick.
despabilar vt fig (despertar) to wake
up.
P vpr despabilarse 1 (despertarse) to
wake up. 2 (avivarse) to wise up.
despachar vt 1 (resolver) to resolve, get
through; (tratar un asunto) to deal
with, attend. 2 (despedir) to dismiss,
sack, fire. 3 (en tienda) to serve; (ven-
der) to sell.
despacho nm (oficina) office; (estudio)
study. c o m p despacho de billetes/loca
lidades ticket/box office.
despacio adv (gen) slowly.
desparasitar vt (piojos) to delouse;
(lombrices) to worm.
desparramar vt to spread, scatter; (un
lquido) to spill.
despectivo,-a adj 1 contemptuous,
disparaging. 2 gram pejorative, de-
rogatory.
despedida nf farewell, goodbye.
despedir vt 1 (echar) to throw out. 2
(del trabajo) to dismiss, fire, sack. 3
 125
(decir adis) to see off, say goodbye
to.
P vpr despedirse (decirse adis) to say
goodbye (de, to).
despegar vt (desenganchar) to unstick,
take off, detach.
P vi (avin) to take off.
P vpr despegarse (separarse) to come
unstuck.
despegue nm (avin) takeoff.
despeinar vt to dishevel, ruffle.
P vpr despeinarse to mess up one's
hair.
despejar vt 1 (desalojar) to clear. 2 mat
to find. 3 inform to clear.
P vpr despejarse 1 meteor to clear up.
2 (espabilarse) to wake os up, clear
one's head.
despenalizar vt to legalize.
despensa nf (lugar) pantry, larder.
despear vt to throw over a cliff.
P vpr despearse (caer) to fall over a
cliff.
desperdiciar vt to waste, squander;
(oportunidad) to throw away.
desperdicio nm waste.
P nm pl desperdicios (basura) rubbish
sing; (desechos) scraps, leftovers.
desperdigar vt to scatter, disperse.
desperezarse vpr to stretch.
desperfecto nm 1 (dao) damage. 2
(defecto) flaw, defect.
despertador nm alarm clock.
despertar vt to wake, wake up,
awaken.
P vi to wake up, awake.
P vpr despertarse to wake up, awake.
despiadado,-a adj ruthless, merci-
less.
despido nm dismissal, sacking.
despierto,-a adj 1 awake. 2 (espabila-
do) lively, smart, sharp, bright.
despilfarrar vt to waste, squander.
despilfarro nm waste.
despistado,-a adj (distrado) absent-
minded.
despistar vt fig (desorientar) to mislead,
confuse.
desprestigiar
P vpr despistarse 1 (perderse) to get
lost.. 2 (distraerse) to get confused.
despiste nm 1 (distraccin) absent-
mindedness. 2 (error) mistake, slip.
desplazamiento nm (traslado) moving,
removal.
desplazar vt 1 (mover) to move, shift. 2
D
fig (sustituir) to replace, take over
from.
P vpr desplazarse to travel.
desplegar vt (extender) to unfold,
spread (out).
despliegue nm fig (exhibicin) display,
show, manifestation.
desplomar vt (hacer perder la verticalidad)
to put out of plumb.
P vpr desplomarse (caer algo de peso) to
fall down, collapse, topple over.
despoblar vt to depopulate.
P vpr despoblarse to become depop-
ulated, become deserted.
despojar vt (quitar) to deprive (de, of),
strip.
P vpr despojarse (desposeerse voluntariamen-
te) to forsake (de, -), give up (de,-).
despojo nm (botn) plunder, booty.
P nm pl despojos (sobras) leavings,
scraps, leftovers.
desposeer vt (gen) to dispossess.
dspota nm o nf despot, tyrant.
despreciar vt 1 (desdear) to despise,
scorn, look down on. 2 (ignorar) to
disregard, ignore.
desprecio nm (desestima) contempt,
scorn, disdain.
desprender vt 1 (soltar) to release. 2
(emanar) to give off.
P vpr desprenderse (soltarse) to come
off, come away.
desprendimiento nm (accin de despren-
derse) detachment, loosening.
despreocupado,-a adj (tranquilo) un-
concerned, unworried.
despreocuparse vpr 1 (dejar de preocu-
parse) to stop worrying. 2 (desentender-
se) to be unconcerned (de, about),
be indifferent (de, to).
desprestigiar vt to discredit, ruin the
reputation of.
 desprevenido
desprevenido,-a adj unprepared, un-
r e a d y. co g e r /p i l l a r a a l g n
loc
desprevenido,-a to catch sb una-
wares, take sb by surprise.
desproporcionado,-a adj dispropor-
tionate, out of proportion.
despus adv 1 afterwards, later. 2 (en-
tonces) then. 3 (luego) next. l o c des
pus de 1 (tiempo) after. 2 (desde) since.
3 (+ pp) after, once: despus de la cena
after supper. y despus de todo after
all: despus de todo no est tan mal it's not
that bad after all.
despuntar vt (quitar la punta) to blunt,
make blunt.
destacamento nm detachment.
destacar vi (despuntar) to stand out.
P vt fig (dar nfasis) to point out, em-
phasize.
P vpr destacarse to stand out.
destajo nm piecework. l o c a destajo
by the piece.
destapar vt 1 (gen) to open: destap la
caja y vi que estaba vaca I opened the box
and saw it was empty. 2 (tapn) to un-
cork; (tapa) to take the lid off. 3 fig
(descubrir) to reveal, uncover.
P vpr destaparse (en la cama) to take
the covers off.
destellar vi (estrella) to twinkle.
destello nm (resplandor) sparkle, flash;
(brillo) gleam, shine.
destemplado,-a adj 1 (carcter) irrita-
ble, tetchy. 2 (tiempo) unpleasant.
desteir vt to discolour (us discolor),
fade.
P vi to lose colour (us color), fade,
run.
desternillarse l o c desternillarse de ri
sa fam to split one's sides laughing,
be in stitches.
desterrar vt to exile, banish.
destiempo l o c a destiempo inoppor-
tunely, at the wrong moment: lleg a
destiempo he arrived at the wrong mo-
ment.
destierro nm 1 (pena) banishment, ex-
ile. 2 (lugar) place of exile.
destilar vt to distil (us distill).
126
destilera nf distillery.
destinar vt 1 (asignar) to assign, set
aside, destine; (dinero) to allocate, set
aside. 2 (persona) to assign, post.
destinatario,-a nm & nf 1 (de carta) ad-
dressee. 2 (de mercancas) consignee.
destino nm 1 (sino) destiny, fate. 2 (uso)
purpose, use. 3 (lugar) destination.
l o c con destino a bound for, going
to.
destitucin nf dismissal, removal.
destituir vt to dismiss.
destornillador nm screwdriver.
destornillar vt to unscrew.
destrabar vt (quitar las trabas) to unfet-
ter.
destreza nf skill.
destronar vt 1 to dethrone. 2 fig to
overthrow, unseat.
destrozar vt 1 (romper) to destroy,
wreck; (despedazar) to tear to pieces,
tear to shreds. 2 fig (causar dao moral)
to crush, shatter, devastate.
destrozo nm (accin) destruction.
destruccin nf destruction.
destruir vt to destroy.
desunir vt (separar) to divide, sepa-
rate.
desuso nm disuse: eso est en desuso
that's obsolete, that's outdated.
desvalido,-a adj needy, destitute.
desvalijar vt 1 (a alguien) to rob. 2 (un
lugar) to burgle.
desvn nm loft, attic.
desvanecer vt 1 (hacer desaparecer) to
clear, dispel, disperse. 2 fig (recuerdo,
etc) to dispel, banish.
P vpr desvanecerse 1 (disiparse) to dis-
perse, clear. 2 fig (desaparecer) to van-
ish, disappear; (recuerdos) to fade.
desvanecimiento nm (desmayo) faint,
fainting fit.
desvariar vi to be delirious, rave.
desvaro nm 1 (delirio) delirium, rav-
ing. 2 (disparate) nonsense, act of
madness. 3 (capricho) fancy, whim.
desvelar vt 1 (quitar el sueo) to keep
awake. 2 fig (revelar) to reveal, dis-
 127
close: nos desvel el secreto she revealed
the secret to us.
P vpr desvelarse 1 to be unable to
sleep. 2 fig (dedicarse) to devote os
(por, to): siempre se ha desvelado por su
familia she has always devoted herself
to her family.
desvelo nm (dedicacin) devotion, dedi-
cation.
desventaja nf 1 disadvantage, draw-
back. 2 (problema) problem. l o c estar
en desventaja to be at a disadvan-
tage.
desvergonzado,-a adj (sinvergenza)
shameless, brazen.
desvergenza nf (falta de decoro)
shamelessness.
desvestir vt to undress.
P vpr desvestirse to undress, get un-
dressed.
desviacin nf 1 deviation. 2 (de carrete-
ra) diversion, detour.
desviar vt 1 (gen) to deviate, change
the course of: desvi la mirada she
looked away. 2 (golpe, baln) to deflect.
3 (carretera, ro, barco, avin) to divert. 4
fig (tema) to change.
P vpr desviarse 1 (avin, barco) to go off
course; (coche) to make a detour. 2
(golpe, baln) to be deflected. 3 (perso-
na, camino) to leave.
desvo nm diversion, detour.
desvivirse vpr 1 (desvelarse) to do one's
utmost (por, for), be devoted (por,
to). 2 (desear) to be mad (por, about).
detallado,-a adj detailed, thorough.
detallar vt 1 to detail, give the details
of, tell in detail. 2 (especificar) to spec-
ify.
detalle nm 1 (pormenor) detail, particu-
lar. 2 (delicadeza) nice gesture, nice
thought. 3 (toque decorativo) touch. l o c
al detalle com retail. y tener un detalle
to be considerate, be thoughtful.
detallista nm o nf com retailer, retail
trader.
detectar vt to detect.
detective nm o nf detective.
devaluacin
detener vt 1 (parar) to stop, halt; (pro-
ceso, negociacin) to hold up. 2 (retener)
to keep, delay, detain.
P vpr detenerse 1 (pararse) to stop,
halt: el tren se detuvo the train stopped. 2
(entretenerse) to hang about, linger.
detenidamente adv carefully, thor-
oughly.
detenido,-a adj 1 (parado) held up. 2 D
jur under arrest: est detenido he's un-
der arrest.
P nm & nf jur prisoner.
detergente nm detergent.
deteriorar vt (estropear) to damage,
spoil; (gastar) to wear out.
P vpr deteriorarse (estropearse) to get
damaged; (gastarse) to wear out.
deterioro nm 1 (dao) damage, deteri-
oration; (desgaste) wear and tear. 2 fig
(empeoramiento) deterioration, wors-
ening.
determinado,-a adj 1 (preciso) definite,
precise, certain, given, particular. 2
(da, hora, etc) fixed, set, appointed. 3
gram definite. 4 mat determinate.
determinante adj decisive, determi-
nant.
P nm mat determinant.
determinar vt 1 (decidir) to resolve,
decide, determine. 2 (fijar) to fix, set,
appoint. 3 (estipular) to stipulate,
specify.
P vpr determinarse (decidirse) to make
up one's mind, decide.
detestar vt to detest, hate, abhor.
detonacin nf detonation.
detonador nm detonator.
detonante adj detonating, explo-
sive.
P nm 1 detonator. 2 fig trigger.
detrs adv 1 behind: detrs de la puerta
behind the door. 2 (en la parte posterior) at
the back, in the back. 3 (despus)
then, afterwards. l o c ir detrs de to
go after.
deuda nf 1 debt. 2 rel trespass. c o m p
deuda pblica national debt.
deudor,-ra nm & nf debtor.
devaluacin nf devaluation.
 devaluar
devaluar vt to devalue.
devocin nf 1 devotion, devoutness.
2 (aficin) devotion, dedication.
devolver vt 1 (volver algo a un estado ante-
rior) to put back, return. 2 (por correo)
to send back, return. 3 (restituir un di-
nero) to refund, return. 4 (una visita, un
cumplido, etc) to return, pay back. 5
fam (vomitar) to vomit, throw up,
bring up.
P vi fam (vomitar) to throw up, be
sick.
devorar vt to devour.
devuelto,-a nm (vmito) vomit.
Dg sm (decagramo) decagram; (smbolo)
Dg.
dg sm (decigramo) decigram; (smbolo)
dg.
da nm 1 day. 2 (con luz) daylight, day-
time: ya es de da it's daylight. 3 (tiempo)
day, weather.
P nm pl das (vida) days. l o c al da si
guiente the following day. y buenos
das! good morning! y todos los das
each day, every day. y dar los buenos
das to say good morning. y de da
during the day. y estar al da fig to be
up to date. y hacer buen/mal da to
be a nice/horrible day. y ser de da to
be daylight. c o m p da de ao nuevo
New Year's Day. y da de descanso
day off. y da festivo holiday, bank
holiday. y da de paga payday. y da
entre semana weekday.
diabetes nf inv diabetes.
diabtico,-a adj diabetic.
diablo nm devil, demon. c o m p un dia
blillo a little devil.
diablura nf mischief, naughtiness.
diacrtico,-a adj diacritic, diacritical.
diadema nf 1 (joya) diadem. 2 (adorno
para el pelo) hairband.
diafragma nm 1 anat diaphragm. 2
(en fotografa) aperture. 3 med dia-
phragm, cap.
diagnstico,-a nm diagnosis.
diagonal adj diagonal. l o c en diago
nal diagonally.
128
diagrama nm diagram. c o m p diagrama
de flujo inform flow chart.
dial nm dial.
dialecto nm dialect.
dialogar vi 1 (conversar) to talk, have a
conversation. 2 fig (negociar) to nego-
tiate, hold talks (sobre, on).
dilogo nm dialogue, conversation.
diamante nm diamond.
dimetro nm diameter.
diana nf dep (objeto) target; (para dardos)
dartboard; (blanco) bull's eye.
diapositiva nf slide.
diario,-a adj daily, everyday.
P nm diario 1 (prensa) daily, paper,
daily newspaper. 2 (ntimo) diary,
journal. l o c a diario daily, every day.
diarrea nf diarrhoea (us diarrhea).
dibujante nm o nf 1 artist, drawer. 2
(de dibujos animados) cartoonist. 3 tc
(hombre) draughtsman ( us drafts-
man); (mujer) draughtswoman ( us
draftswoman).
dibujar vt 1 to draw, sketch. 2 tc to
design. 3 fig (describir) to describe.
dibujo nm 1 (arte) drawing, sketching.
2 (imagen) drawing. 3 (motivo) pattern,
design. c o m p dibujo artstico artistic
drawing. y dibujo lineal draughts-
manship (us draftsmanship). y dibu
jos animados cartoons.
diccionario nm dictionary.
dicho,-a adj said, mentioned: dicha ca
sa the said house; dicho esto se mar
ch having said this he left. l o c dicho y
hecho no sooner said than done.
diciembre nm December.
. Consulta tambin marzo.
dictado,-a nm dictation.
dictador,-ra nm & nf dictator.
dictadura nf dictatorship.
dictar vt 1 to dictate. 2 jur (ley) to en-
act, decree, announce; (sentencia) to
pronounce, pass.
didctico,-a adj didactic.
diecinueve adj (cardinal) nineteen; (or-
dinal) nineteenth.

P nm 1 (nmero) nineteen. 2 (fecha)
nineteenth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
dieciocho adj (cardinal) eighteen; (ordi-
nal) eighteenth.
nm 1 (nmero) eighteen. 2 (fecha)
P
eighteenth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
diecisis adj (cardinal) sixteen; (ordinal)
sixteenth.
P nm 1 (nmero) sixteen. 2 (fecha) six-
teenth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
diecisiete adj (cardinal) seventeen; (or-
dinal) seventeenth.
P nm 1 (nmero) seventeen. 2 (fecha)
seventeenth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
diente nm 1 (gen) tooth. 2 (de ajo) clove.
l o c echar los dientes to teethe. y ha
blar entre dientes fig to mumble,
mutter. c o m p diente de leche milk
tooth.
diresis nf inv diaeresis, dieresis.
diesel adj diesel.
diestro,-a adj 1 lit right. 2 (hbil) skil-
ful (us skillful).
dieta nf (rgimen, alimentacin) diet.
diez adj (cardinal) ten; (ordinal) tenth.
P nm 1 (nmero) ten. 2 (fecha) tenth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
diezmilsimo,-a adj ten-thousandth.
P nm & nf ten-thousandth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
diferencia nf difference.
diferenciar vt (distinguir) to differenti-
ate, distinguish (entre, between).
P vpr diferenciarse to differ, be differ-
ent (por, because of).
diferente adj different.
difcil adj difficult, hard.
dificultad nf 1 difficulty. 2 (obstculo)
obstacle; (problema) trouble, prob-
lem.
difunto,-a nm & nf deceased.
129 dinosaurio
difusin nf 1 (de luz, calor) diffusion. 2
fig (de noticia, enfermedad, etc) spreading.
3 rad broadcast, broadcasting.
digestin nf digestion.
digestivo,-a adj digestive.
digital adj digital.
dgito nm digit.
dignarse vpr to deign (a, to), conde-
scend (a, to). D
dignidad nf 1 (cualidad) dignity. 2 (car-
go) rank, office, post.
digno,-a adj 1 (merecedor) worthy, de-
serving. 2 (respetable) worthy, hon-
ourable (us honorable). l o c digno,-a
de admiracin worthy of admira-
tion, admirable.
dilatado,-a adj 1 dilated. 2 (vasto) vast,
extensive, large. 3 fs expanded.
dilatar vt 1 to dilate. 2 fs to expand. 3
(prolongar) to prolong, extend.
diligencia nf 1 (cuidado) diligence,
care. 2 (rapidez) rapidity, speed. 3 (ca-
rreta) stagecoach.
diluir vt 1 (un slido) to dissolve. 2 (un l-
quido) to dilute.
P vpr diluirse 1 (un slido) to dissolve. 2
(un lquido) to dilute.
diluviar vi [se emplea slo en tercera per-
sona del singular; no lleva sujeto] to pour
with rain, pour down.
diluvio nm flood.
dimensin nf 1 [tambin se usa en plural
con el mismo significado] dimension,
size. 2 fig (importancia) importance.
diminutivo,-a adj diminutive.
P nm diminutivo diminutive.
diminuto,-a adj tiny, minute.
dimisin nf resignation.
dimitir vi to resign (de, from).
Dinamarca nf Denmark.
dinamita nf dynamite.
dinasta nf dynasty.
dinero nm 1 money. 2 (fortuna) wealth.
l o c andar mal/escaso,-a de dinero to
be short of money. y tirar el dinero
por la ventana to throw money
down the drain. c o m p dinero en me
tlico cash.
dinosaurio nm dinosaur.
 dioptra
dioptra nf dioptre (us diopter).
dios nm god.
diosa nf goddess.
diploma nm diploma.
diplomacia nf diplomacy.
diplomtico,-a adj diplomatic.
P nm & nf diplomat.
diptongo nm diphthong.
diputado,-a nm & nf (miembro del Con-
greso) deputy, member of the Spanish
Parliament.
dique nm (muro) dike, breakwater.
direccin nf 1 (accin de dirigir) manage-
ment, running. 2 (cargo) directorship,
position of manager. 3 (sentido) direc-
tion, way. 4 (destino) destination: sali
con direccin a Cdiz he left for Cdiz. 5
(domicilio) address. 6 tc steering. c o m p
calle de direccin nica one-way
street.
directivo,-a adj directive, managing.
P nm & nf director, manager, board
member.
directo,-a adj direct, straight.
P nm directo dep straight hit. l o c en
directo tv live.
director,-ra nm & nf 1 director, man-
ager. 2 (de colegio - hombre) headmas-
ter; (- mujer) headmistress. 3 (de or-
questa) conductor. c o m p director,-ra de
cine film director.
directorio,-a nm 1 (gobierno) governing
body. 2 (de direcciones) directory,
guide. 3 inform directory.
dirigente adj leading, directing.
P nm o nf 1 leader. 2 (de empresa) man-
ager.
dirigir vt 1 (empresa) to manage; (nego-
cio, escuela) to run; (un peridico) to edit.
2 (orquesta) to conduct; (pelcula) to di-
rect. 3 (coche) to drive, steer; (barco) to
steer; (avin) to pilot. 4 (un partido) to
lead. 5 (carta, protesta) to address.
P vpr dirigirse 1 (ir) to go (a, to), make
one's way (a, to), make (a, for). 2
(hablar) to address (a, -), speak (a, to):
se dirigi a su padre she addressed her fa-
ther.
130
discapacitado,-a adj handicapped,
disabled.
disciplina nf 1 (conjunto de reglas) disci-
pline. 2 (doctrina) doctrine. 3 (asignatu-
ra) subject.
disciplinado,-a adj disciplined.
discpulo,-a nm & nf 1 (seguidor) disci-
ple, follower. 2 (alumno) pupil, stu-
dent.
disc-jockey nm o nf disc jockey, DJ.
disco nm 1 disc. 2 dep discus. 3 (de msi-
ca) record. 4 inform disk. c o m p disco
duro hard disk.
discoteca nf (local) discotheque,
nightclub.
discrecin nf 1 (sensatez) discretion,
tact. 2 (agudeza) wit. l o c a discrecin
(a voluntad) at one's discretion.
discreto,-a adj (prudente) discreet, pru-
dent, tactful.
discriminacin nf discrimination.
c o m p discriminacin racial racial dis-
crimination.
discriminar vt 1 (diferenciar) to discrim-
inate, distinguish. 2 (por raza, religin,
etc) to discriminate against.
disculpa nf excuse, apology. l o c pedir
disculpas a algn to apologize to sb.
disculpar vt 1 (descargar de culpa) to ex-
cuse: disculpe el retraso please excuse the
delay. 2 (perdonar) to excuse, forgive:
disculpe! excuse me!
P vpr disculparse to apologize ( por ,
for), excuse os.
discurrir vi 1 (andar) to walk, wander.
2 (fluir) to flow, run. 3 (transcurrir) to
pass, go by. 4 fig (reflexionar) to think
( sobre, about), ponder (sobre, on/
over), meditate (sobre, on).
discurso nm (conferencia) speech.
discusin nf 1 (charla) discussion. 2
(disputa) argument.
discutir vi 1 (examinar) to discuss (de, -).
2 (contender) to argue.
diseminar vt to disseminate, scatter,
spread.
P vpr diseminarse to spread.
diseador,-ra nm & nf designer.
disear vt to design.
 131
diseo nm design.
disfraz nm 1 (para engaar) disguise. 2
(para una fiesta, etc) fancy dress outfit,
fancy dress costume.
disfrazar vt (persona) to disguise, dress
up.
P vpr disfrazarse 1 (para engaar) to dis-
guise os (de, as). 2 (para una fiesta, etc)
to dress up (de, as).
disfrutar vt 1 (poseer) to own, enjoy,
possess; (pensin, renta) to receive. 2
(aprovechar) to make the most of.
P vi 1 (poseer) to enjoy ( de , -), have
(de, -), possess (de, -): disfruta de buena
salud he enjoys good health. 2 (gozar) to
enjoy, enjoy os: disfrut mucho en el ci
ne I enjoyed myself very much at the
cinema.
disgustar vt 1 (molestar) to displease,
annoy, upset. 2 (desagradar) to dis-
like: me disgusta ese sabor dulce I don't
like that sweet taste.
P vpr disgustarse 1 (enfadarse) to get
angry, get upset. 2 (pelearse) to quar-
rel (con, with).
disgusto nm 1 (enfado) displeasure, an-
noyance, anger. 2 fig (pelea) argu-
ment, quarrel. l o c a disgusto against
one's will, reluctantly, unwillingly.
y dar un disgusto to upset. y llevarse
un disgusto to get upset.
disimular vt (ocultar) to hide, conceal.
P vi to pretend, dissemble: no disimu
les stop pretending.
disimulo nm pretence (us pretense),
dissemblance.
dislocar vt (sacar de lugar) to dislocate.
disminucin nf decrease, reduction.
disminuido,-a adj disabled.
disminuir vt 1 (gen) to decrease. 2 (me-
didas, velocidad) to reduce.
P vi 1 (gen) to diminish. 2 (temperatura,
precios) to drop, fall.
disolucin nf 1 (gen) dissolution. 2
qum solution, dissolution.
disolver vt (gen) to dissolve.
P vpr disolverse 1 (gen) to dissolve. 2
fig to be dissolved.
dispar adj unlike, different.
distinguido
disparar vt 1 (arma) to fire; (bala, flecha)
to shoot. 2 (lanzar) to hurl, throw. 3
dep to shoot.
disparatado,-a adj absurd, foolish,
ridiculous.
disparo nm 1 (accin) firing. 2 (efecto)
shot. 3 dep shot.
dispersar vt (gen) to disperse, scatter.
P vpr dispersarse (gen) to disperse,
D
scatter.
disperso,-a adj (esparcido) scattered.
disponer vt 1 (colocar) to dispose, ar-
range, set out. 2 (preparar) to prepare,
get ready. 3 (ordenar) to order, decree.
P vi 1 (tener) to have (de, -). 2 (hacer uso)
to make use (de, of), have the use
(de, of).
P vpr disponerse (prepararse) to get
ready (a, to), prepare (a, to).
disponibilidad nf availability.
disponible adj (gen) available.
dispositivo nm device, gadget.
dispuesto,-a adj 1 (decidido) deter-
mined. 2 (preparado) prepared, ready,
willing.
disputa nf (discusin) dispute, argu-
ment, quarrel.
disputar vt 1 (competir) to compete for,
contend for. 2 dep to play: los equipos
disputaron un partido amistoso the teams
played a friendly match.
disquete nm diskette, floppy disk.
disquetera nf disk drive.
distancia nf 1 distance. 2 fig (diferencia)
difference, gap. l o c a distancia from
a distance: lo vimos a distancia we saw it
from a distance.
distanciar vt to distance, separate.
P vpr distanciarse to move away, be-
come separated.
distante adj 1 (en el espacio) distant, far;
(en el tiempo) distant, remote. 2 fig dis-
tant.
distincin nf 1 (gen) distinction. 2 (ele-
gancia) distinction, elegance, refine-
ment.
distinguido,-a adj 1 distinguished. 2
(elegante) elegant.
 distinguir
distinguir vt 1 (diferenciar) to distin-
guish. 2 (caracterizar) to mark, distin-
guish. 3 (ver) to see, make out.
P vpr distinguirse (destacar) to stand
out, distinguish os.
distinto,-a adj (diferente) different.
P adj vpr distintos,-as various, several.
distraccin nf 1 (divertimiento) amuse-
ment, pastime, recreation, enter-
tainment. 2 (despiste) distraction, ab-
sent-mindedness.
distraer vt 1 (divertir) to amuse, enter-
tain. 2 (atencin) to distract.
P vpr distraerse 1 (divertirse) to amuse
os, enjoy os. 2 (despistarse) to get dis-
tracted, be inattentive, be absent-
minded .
distrado,-a adj 1 (desatento) absent-
minded. 2 (entretenido) entertaining,
fun.
distribuir vt 1 (repartir) to distribute. 2
(correo) to deliver; (trabajo) to share, al-
lot.
distrito nm district.
disturbio nm disturbance, riot.
diurno,-a adj daily, daytime.
divagar vi to digress, ramble.
divn nm divan, couch.
divergente adj divergent, diverging.
divergir vi to diverge.
diversidad nf diversity, variety.
diversificar vt to diversify, vary.
diversin nf fun, amusement, enter-
tainment.
diverso,-a adj different.
P adj vpr diversos,-as several, various.
divertido,-a adj 1 (gracioso) funny,
amusing. 2 (entretenido) fun, enter-
taining, enjoyable.
divertir vt to amuse, entertain.
P vpr divertirse to enjoy os , have a
good time: divirtete! enjoy yourself!
dividir vt 1 to divide. 2 (separar) to di-
vide, separate: el ro divide las dos co
marcas the river separates the two coun-
ties. 3 (repartir) to divide, split.
P vpr dividirse (separarse) to divide,
split up.
divino,-a adj divine.
132
divisible adj 1 dividable. 2 mat divisi-
ble.
divisin nf 1 divisin. 2 fig division,
divergence.
divisor nm 1 divider. 2 mat divisor.
comp mximo comn divisor mat high-
est common factor, ( us highest
common denominator). y mnimo
comn divisor mat lowest common
factor, (us lowest common denomi-
nator) .
divo,-a nm & nf star.
divorciado,-a adj divorced.
P nm & nf (hombre) divorc; (mujer) di-
vorce.
divorciar vt to divorce.
P vpr divorciarse to get divorced (de,
from).
divorcio nm divorce.
divulgar vt 1 (difundir) to divulge,
spread, disclose. 2 (por radio) to
broadcast. 3 (propagar) to popular-
ize.
P vpr divulgarse to become known,
spread.
Djibouti nm Djibouti, Jibouti.
dl sm (decilitro) decilitre (us deciliter);
(smbolo) dl.
Dl sm (decalitro) decalitre (us decalit-
er); (smbolo) Dl.
dm sm (decmetro) decimetre (us deci-
meter); (smbolo) dm.
Dm sm (decmetro) decametre ( us
decameter); (smbolo) Dm.
do nm (de solfa) doh, do; (de escala diatni-
ca) C.
dobladillo nm 1 (de vestido, etc) hem. 2
(de pantalones) turn-up, us cuff.
doblaje nm dubbing.
doblar vt 1 (duplicar) to double: le doblo
la edad I'm twice as old as she is. 2 (ple-
gar) to fold. 3 (torcer) to bend: doblar un
dedo to bend a finger. 4 (esquina) to
turn, go round. 5 (pelcula) to dub.
P vpr doblarse (plegarse) to fold.
doble adj 1 double. 2 (nacionalidad) dual.
P nm 1 double: tiene el doble que yo he's
got twice as much as I have. 2 (duplicado)
 133
duplicate. loc ver doble to see dou-
ble.
P nm o nf cine stand-in, double; (hom-
bre) stunt man; (mujer) stunt woman.
P adv double.
P nm pl dobles (tenis) doubles.
doce adj (cardinal) twelve; (ordinal)
twelfth.
P nm 1 (nmero) twelve. 2 (fecha)
twelfth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
docena nf dozen. loc a docenas com
by the dozen.
dcil adj docile, obedient.
doctor,-ra nm & nf doctor.
doctrina nf 1 doctrine. 2 (enseanza)
teachings pl.
documentacin nf 1 documenta-
tion, documents pl. 2 (para identificar)
papers pl, identification.
documental adj documentary.
P nm documentary.
documento nm document.
dodecaedro nm dodecahedron.
dodecaslabo,-a nm dodecasyllable,
Alexandrine.
dlar nm dollar.
doler vi 1 to ache, hurt. 2 (afligir) to
distress, sadden, upset, hurt: me due
le tal pobreza such poverty distresses me.
3 (sentir) to be sorry, be sad: me duele
habrselo dicho I'm sorry I told her about
it.
dolido,-a adj fig hurt.
dolor nm 1 pain, ache. 2 fig pain, sor-
row, grief. c o m p dolor de cabeza
headache.
dolorido,-a adj sore, aching.
doloroso,-a adj 1 painful. 2 fig pain-
ful, distressing.
domador,-ra nm & nf tamer; (de caba-
llos) horse breaker.
domar vt 1 to tame; (caballos) to break
in. 2 fig to tame, control.
domesticar vt 1 to domesticate,
tame. 2 (adiestrar) to train. 3 fig to
subdue.
domstico,-a adj domestic.
doa
domicilio nm 1 residence, home,
abode. 2 (direccin) address.
dominante adj dominant, dominat-
ing.
dominar vt 1 (tener bajo dominio) to dom-
inate. 2 (conocer a fondo) to master: do
mina el ingls she has a good command
of English.
P vi1 (ser superior) to dominate. 2 (des- D
tacar) to stand out: domina mucho el rojo
red is the predominant colour. 3 (predo-
minar) to predominate.
P vpr dominarse (controlarse) to control
os, restrain os.
domingo nm Sunday.
. Consulta tambin jueves.
Dominica nf Dominica.
dominicano,-a adj Dominican.
P nm& nf Dominican. c o m p Repblica
Dominicana Dominican Republic.
dominio nm 1 (soberana) dominion. 2
(poder) power, control. 3 (supremaca)
supremacy. 4 (de conocimientos) mas-
tery, good knowledge; (de un idioma)
good command. 5 (territorio) domain.
6 inform domain.
domin nm 1 (juego) dominoes pl. 2 (fi-
chas) set of dominoes.
don1 nm (talento) talent, natural gift.
don 2 nm Mr: Seor Don Juan Prez Mr
Juan Prez.
donante nm o nf donor. c o m p donante
de sangre blood donor.
donar vt fml to donate, give.
donativo nm donation.
donde adv where, in which. l o c de
donde / desde donde from where,
whence.
dnde pron where: dnde est? where
is it?; no s dnde est I don't know
where it is; a dnde va? where is he go-
ing?; hasta dnde? how far?
dondequiera adv (en cualquier parte) an-
ywhere; (en todas partes) everywhere:
dondequiera que est lo encontraremos
wherever he is we'll find him.
dnut nm doughnut.
doa nf Mrs: Doa Elena Surez Mrs Ele-
na Surez.
dorado
dorado,-a adj golden.
dormido,-a adj 1 asleep. 2 (sooliento)
sleepy: tengo el brazo dormido my arm
has gone numb, my arm has gone to
sleep. l o c quedarse dormido,-a 1 (dor-
mir) to fall asleep. 2 (dormirse ms de la
cuenta) to oversleep.
dormir vi 1 to sleep: tengo ganas de dor
mir I feel sleepy. 2 (pernoctar) to spend
the night.
P vt to put to sleep.
P vpr dormirse 1 to fall asleep, nod
off. 2 fig to go to sleep: se me ha dormi
do el pie my foot has gone to sleep. l o c
a dormir! to bed! y dormir como un li
rn fam to sleep like a log. y dormir la
siesta to have a nap.
dormitorio nm 1 (en una casa) bed-
room. 2 (colectivo) dormitory.
dorsal adj 1 dorsal, back. 2 ling dor-
sal.
P nm dep number.
dorso nm back, reverse. c o m p dorso de
la mano back of the hand.
dos adj (cardinal) two; (ordinal) second:
entre ellas dos between the two of them.
P nm (nmero) two; (fecha) second. l o c
cada dos por tres fam every five min-
utes. c o m p dos veces twice: es dos veces
mayor que su hermana she's twice as old
as her sister.
. Consulta tambin seis.
doscientos,-as adj (numeral) two hun-
dred; (cardinal) two-hundredth.
P nm& nf two hundred.
. Consulta tambin seis.
dosificar vt 1 (gen) to dose. 2 (esfuerzos,
etc) to measure.
dosis nf inv dose.
dotado,-a adj 1 (equipado) equipped,
provided: est dotado con airbag it's
equipped with an airbag. 2 (con dotes)
gifted: est muy dotado para las matem
ticas he has a talent for mathematics.
dotar vt 1 (proveer de personal) to staff
(de, with); (de material) to equip (de,
with). 2 (bienes, dinero) to assign. 3 fig
(dones y cualidades) to endow ( de ,
134
with), provide (de, with): la naturale
za la dot de un sexto sentido nature en-
dowed her with a sixth sense.
dragn nm 1 (reptil) flying dragon. 2
(animal fabuloso) dragon.
drama nm drama.
dramtico,-a adj dramatic.
drenar vt to drain.
drive nm drive.
droga nf 1 drug. 2 fig (cosa desagradable)
nuisance. c o m p droga blanda/dura soft/
hard drug.
drogadicto,-a nm & nf drug addict.
drogar vt to drug.
P vpr drogarse to take drugs.
droguera nf hardware shop.
dromedario nm dromedary.
dualidad nf duality.
ducentsimo,-a adj two-hundredth.
P nm & nf two-hundredth.
ducha nf shower. l o c darse/tomar una
ducha to take a shower, have a
shower.
duchar vt to give a shower.
P vpr ducharse to take a shower,
have a shower.
duda nf doubt. l o c no hay duda there
is no doubt. y salir de dudas to shed
one's doubts. y sin duda no doubt,
without a doubt.
dudar vi 1 to doubt, have doubts. 2
(titubear) to hesitate: dudo entre quedar
me o marcharme I'm not sure whether to
stay or leave.
P vt to doubt: lo dudo I doubt it. l o c
dudar de algn to doubt sb, mistrust
sb.
dudoso,-a adj 1 (incierto) doubtful, un-
certain. 2 (vacilante) hesitant, unde-
cided. 3 (poco seguro) questionable.
duende nm (espritu travieso) goblin, elf.
dueo,-a nm & nf 1 (propietario) owner:
quin es la duea? who is the owner? 2
(de casa, departamento - hombre) landlord;
(mujer) landlady. l o c ser dueo,-a de s
mismo,-a to be self-possessed.
dulce adj 1 (gen) sweet. 2 fig soft, gen-
tle.
 135 DVD
P nm culin (caramelo) sweet; (pastel) duradero,-a adj durable, lasting.
cake. comp dulce de membrillo quince duramente adv 1 (con dificultad) hard. 2
jelly. (con severidad) harshly.
dulzura nf 1 sweetness. 2 fig soft- durante adv during, in, for: viv all du
ness, gentleness, sweetness. rante un ao I lived there for a year.
duna nf dune. durar vi 1 to last, go on for: la pelcula
do nm duet. dur tres horas the film went on for three
duodcimo,-a adj twelfth.
P nm & nf twelfth.
hours. 2 (ropa, calzado) to wear well,
last: ese abrigo le dur mucho he got a lot
D
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a. of wear out of that coat.
duodeno nm duodenum. durazno nm 1 (fruto) peach. 2 (rbol)
duplicar vt (gen) to duplicate; (cantidad) peach tree.
to double. dureza nf 1 hardness, toughness. 2
P vpr duplicarse to double. fig (de carcter) toughness, harshness,
duque nm duke. severity. 3 (callosidad) corn.
duquesa nf duchess. duro,-a adj 1 hard. 2 (carne) tough;
duracin nf 1 duration, length: cul es (pan) stale. 3 (difcil) hard, difficult.
la duracin de la obra? how long is the P nm duro (antiguamente) five pesetas;

play? 2 (coche, mquina, etc) life. l o c de (moneda) five-peseta coin.

larga duracin 1 (periodo de tiempo) long, P adv hard: dale duro hit him hard.

long-term. 2 (bombilla, etc) long-life. DVD nm (Disco Verstil Digital) DVD.

 E
136
E, e nf (la letra) E, e.
e conj and.
. Usado en vez de y antes de palabras
que empiezan por i o hi: compramos man
zanas e higos we bought some apples
and figs.
EAU abrev (Emiratos rabes Unidos)
United Arab Emirates; (abreviatura)
UAE.
ebanista nm o nf cabinet-maker.
ebullicin nf (hervor) boil, boiling.
echado,-a adj (tumbado) lying down.
echar vt 1 (lanzar) to throw. 2 (dejar caer)
to put, drop. 3 (lquido) to pour; (comi-
da) to give; (sal) to add, put in. 4 (car-
ta) to post, us mail. 5 (expulsar) to
throw out: lo han echado del cine he was
thrown out of the cinema. 6 (despedir de
empleo) to sack, dismiss, fire. 7 (brotar,
salir - plantas) to sprout; (- dientes) to
cut; (- pelo) to grow. 8 (decir) to tell. 9
(emanar) to give out, give off: la caja de
fusibles echa chispas sparks are coming
out of the fuse box. 10 (suponer, calcular)
to guess: yo le echo 40 I think she's 40.
11 (poner, aplicar) to put on, apply. 12
(llave) to lock, turn; (cerrojo) to bolt,
fasten. 13 fam (en el cine, teatro) to
show, put on: echan una buena pelcula
en la tele there's a good film on TV.
P vi 1 echar a + inf (empezar) to begin
to: ech a correr she ran off. 2 echar de +
inf (dar): echar de comer to feed.
P vpr echarse 1 (arrojarse) to throw os.
2 (tenderse) to lie down. 3 (ponerse) to
put on. 4 (novio, novia) to get os. 5
echarse a + inf (empezar) to begin to:
se ech a rer he burst out laughing.
eclipsar vt 1 (astro) to eclipse. 2 fig to
eclipse, outshine.
eclipse nm eclipse.
eco nm echo.
ecografa nf ultrasound scan.
ecologa nf ecology.
ecolgico,-a adj ecological.
ecologista adj ecological.
P nm o nf ecologist.
economato nm company store.
economa nf 1 (administracin) econo-
my. 2 (ciencia) economics. 3 (ahorro)
economy, saving.
econmico,-a adj 1 (gen) economic. 2
(barato) cheap, economical, inexpen-
sive. c o m p crisis econmica economic
crisis, recession.
economista nm o nf economist.
economizar vt (ahorrar) to economize,
save.
P vi to economize, save.
ecosistema nm ecosystem.
ecuacin nf equation. c o m p ecuacin
de primer grado simple equation. y
ecuacin de segundo grado quadratic
equation.
ecuador nm geog equator.
Ecuador nm Ecuador.
ecuatoguineano,-a adj of Equatorial
Guinea, from Equatorial Guinea.
P nm & nf person from Equatorial Guin-
ea, inhabitant of Equatorial Guinea.
ecuatorial adj equatorial.
ecuatoriano,-a adj Ecuadorian.
P nm & nf Ecuadorian.
ecuestre adj equestrian.
edad nf 1 age. 2 (tiempo, poca) time,
period.
edn nm 1 Eden. 2 fig paradise, heaven.
 137
edicin nf 1 (ejemplares) edition. 2 (publi-
cacin) publication. 3 inform editing.
edificar vt (construir) to build, construct.
edificio nm building.
edil,-la nm & nf (concejal) town councillor.
P nm edil (magistrado romano) aedile.
edredn nm eiderdown, us comforter.
educacin nf 1 (preparacin) education.
2 (crianza) upbringing, breeding. 3
(modales) manners pl, politeness.
educado,-a adj polite.
educar vt 1 (ensear) to educate, teach.
2 (criar) to bring up. 3 (en la cortesa, etc)
to teach manners.
educativo,-a adj educational: sistema
educativo education system.
edulcorar vt 1 to sweeten. 2 fig to
soften, alleviate.
EE UU abrev (Estados Unidos) the United
States of America; (abreviatura) USA.
efe nf name of the letter f.
efectivamente adv 1 (realmente) in
fact, actually. 2 (de verdad) indeed.
efectivo,-a adj (que tiene efecto) effective.
P nm efectivo (dinero) cash.
efecto nm 1 (resultado) effect, result,
end. 2 (impresin) impression: la escena le
hizo un gran efecto the scene made a great
impression on her. 3 dep spin: dio efecto a
la pelota he put some spin on the ball.
efectuar vt 1 (gen) to carry out, per-
form, make, do. 2 (pago) to make;
(pedido) to place. 3 (suma, etc) to do. 4
(viaje, visita, etc) to make.
efervescente adj 1 (gen) effervescent.
2 (bebida) sparkling, fizzy. 3 (pastilla)
soluble.
eficacia nf 1 (persona) efficiency, effec-
tiveness; (cosas) efficacy, effective-
ness. 2 (rendimiento) efficiency.
eficaz adj 1 (eficiente) efficient. 2 (cosa)
efficacious, effective. 3 (que produce
rendimiento) efficient.
eficiente adj efficient.
EGB abrev educ (Enseanza General B-
sica) former Primary School Education.
egipcio,-a adj Egyptian.
P nm & nf (persona) Egyptian.
P nm egipcio (idioma) Egyptian.
elstico
Egipto nm Egypt.
egosmo nm selfishness, egoism.
egosta adj selfish, egoistic, egoistical.
P nm o nf egoist, selfish person.
eje nm 1 (lnea, recta) axis. 2 tc shaft,
spindle. 3 auto axle.
ejecucin nf 1 (de una orden, etc) carry-
ing out, execution. 2 ms perfor-
mance. 3 (ajusticiamiento) execution.
ejecutar vt 1 (una orden, etc) to carry
out. 2 ms to perform, play. 3 (ajusti- E
ciar) to execute. 4 inform to run.
ejecutivo,-a adj executive.
P nm & nf executive.
P nm el ejecutivo (gobierno) the govern-
ment. c o m p poder ejecutivo the exec-
utive.
ejemplar nm (copia) copy, number, is-
sue.
ejemplo nm 1 example. 2 (modelo)
model. l o c dar ejemplo to set an ex-
ample. y por ejemplo for example,
for instance.
ejercer vt 1 (profesin, etc) to practise (us
practice), be in practice as. 2 (influen-
cia) to exert.
ejercicio nm 1 (de profesin) practice; (de
derecho) use, exercise; (de funcin) per-
formance. 2 educ exercise; (examen)
test; (pregunta de examen) question; (de-
beres) homework. 3 dep exercise.
ejrcito nm army.
el determinante 1 the: el agua water. 2 el de
the one: el de hoy today's. 3 el que (per-
sona - sujeto) the one who; (- objeto) the
one, the one that, the one whom: el
que vi the one I saw. 4 (cosa) the one,
the one that, the one which: el que
me diste the one (that) you gave me.
l pron 1 (sujeto - persona) he; (- cosa, ani-
mal) it: l vive aqu he lives here. 2 (objeto
- persona) him; (- cosa, animal) it: comi
con l she had lunch with him. l o c de l
(posesivo) his: es de l it's his. y l mismo
himself.
elaborar vt 1 (producto) to make, man-
ufacture, produce. 2 (madera, metal,
etc) to work.
elstico,-a adj elastic.
P nm elstico elastic.
 ele
ele nf name of the letter l.
eleccin nf 1 (nombramiento) election. 2
(opcin) choice: lo dejamos a tu eleccin
we'll leave it up to you.
P nf pl elecciones elections.
electricidad nf electricity.
electricista nm o nf electrician.
elctrico,-a adj electric, electrical.
electrodomstico nm electrical ap-
pliance.
electrn nm electron.
electrnica nf electronics.
electrnico,-a adj electronic.
elefante,-a nm & nf (macho) elephant;
(hembra) cow elephant, female ele-
phant. c o m p elefante marino elephant
seal.
elegancia nf elegance.
elegante adj elegant, smart, stylish.
elegir vt 1 (escoger) to choose. 2 pol to
elect.
elemental adj 1 (del elemento) elemen-
tal. 2 (obvio) elementary, basic.
elemento nm 1 (gen) element. 2 (parte)
component, part. 3 (individuo) type,
sort. l o c menudo elemento! fam he's
a right one!
elevacin nf 1 (de terreno) elevation,
rise. 2 (precios) rise, raising, increas-
ing; (voz, tono) raising; (peso) raising,
lifting. 3 mat raising.
elevado,-a adj (gen) high. l o c elevado,-a
a mat raised to: elevado a la quinta poten
cia raised to the power of five; elevado al
cubo cubed.
elevalunas nm inv window winder.
c o m p elevalunas elctrico electric
window.
elevar vt 1 (peso, etc) to elevate, raise,
lift. 2 (precios) to raise, increase, put
up; (tono, voz) to raise. 3 mat to raise.
P vpr elevarse 1 (subir) to rise (up): el
humo se elevaba the smoke was rising
up. 2 (alcanzar) to reach: se eleva hasta el
techo it reaches the ceiling.
eliminacin nf elimination.
eliminar vt 1 (gen) to eliminate, ex-
clude. 2 (esperanzas, miedos, etc) to get
138
rid of, cast aside. 3 fam (matar) to kill,
eliminate.
eliminatoria nf heat, qualifying
round.
eliminatorio,-a adj eliminatory.
elipse nf ellipse.
elptico,-a adj elliptic, elliptical.
elite nf elite.
ella pron 1 (sujeto - persona) she; (- cosa, ani-
mal) it. 2 (objeto - persona) her; (- cosa,
animal) it: vino con ella he came with her.
elle nf name of the digraph ll.
ello pron it: no me digas nada de ello don't
tell me anything about it.
ellos,-as pron 1 (sujeto) they. 2 (objeto)
them: vino con ellos she came with
them. l o c de ellos,-as theirs: el coche es
de ellos the car is theirs. y ellos,-as
mismos,-as themselves.
elocuente adj eloquent.
elogiar vt to praise, eulogize.
elogio nm praise, eulogy.
eludir vt 1 (responsabilidad, justicia, etc) to
evade. 2 (pregunta) to avoid, evade;
(persona) to avoid.
emanar vi 1 (olor, etc) to emanate. 2 (de-
rivar) to derive (de, from), come (de,
from).
emancipar vt to emancipate, free.
P vpr emanciparse to become eman-
cipated, become free.
embajada nf (edificio) embassy.
embajador,-ra nm & nf ambassador.
embalar vt (empaquetar) to pack, wrap.
P vpr embalarse (acelerar) to speed up.
embalse nm 1 (accin) damming. 2 (pre-
sa) dam, reservoir.
embarazada adj-nf pregnant woman.
embarazo nm (preez) pregnancy.
embarazoso,-a adj embarrassing.
embarcacin nf (nave) boat, vessel,
craft.
embarcadero nm pier, jetty, quay.
embarcar vt (personas) to embark, put
on board; (mercancas) to load.
P vpr embarcarse (en barco) to embark,
go on board; (en avin) to board.
 139
embargar vt 1 jur to seize, seques-
trate, impound. 2 (emociones) to over-
come.
embargo nm (de bienes) seizure of prop-
erty, sequestration. l o c sin embargo
nevertheless, however.
embarque nm (de personas) boarding;
(de mercancas) loading.
embaucar vt to deceive, trick, dupe,
cheat, swindle.
embelesar vt to charm, delight, fas-
cinate.
embellecer vt to make beautiful,
beautify.
P vpr embellecerse to make os beau-
tiful, beautify os.
embestir vt (toro) to charge.
mbolo nm tc piston; (de cafetera)
plunger.
emborrachar vt to make drunk.
P vpr emborracharse to get drunk.
emboscada nf ambush. l o c tender
una emboscada to lay an ambush.
embotellamiento nm auto fig traffic
jam.
embrague nm clutch.
embrin nm 1 embryo. 2 fig (idea, etc)
beginnings pl, embryo.
embrujar vt 1 (persona) to bewitch; (lu-
gar) to haunt. 2 fig (fascinar) to be-
witch, enchant.
embrujo nm 1 spell, charm. 2 fig (fasci-
nacin) fascination, attraction.
embudo nm funnel.
embuste nm (mentira) lie; (engao) trick.
embustero,-a nm & nf liar.
embutido nm (alimento) processed cold
meat, cold cut.
eme nf name of the letter m.
emergencia nf 1 (imprevisto) emergen-
cy. 2 (salida) emergence. l o c en caso
de emergencia in case of emergency.
emerger vi to emerge.
emigracin nf 1 emigration. 2 (aves,
pueblo) migration.
emigrante nm o nf emigrant.
emigrar vi to emigrate; (aves, pueblo) to
migrate.
empapar
emirato nm emirate. c o m p Emiratos
rabes Unidos United Arab Emir-
ates.
emisin nf 1 (gen) emission. 2 (bonos,
sellos, monedas) issue. 3 rad tv (progra-
ma) broadcast; (transmisin) transmis-
sion.
emisora nf radio station.
emitir vt 1 (sonido, luz) to emit; (olor) to
give off. 2 (manifestar) to express. 3
(bonos, monedas, sellos) to issue. 4 rad tv E
to broadcast, transmit.
P vi rad tv to transmit.
emocin nf 1 (sentimiento) emotion,
feeling. 2 (excitacin) excitement.
emocionado,-a adj (deeply) moved,
(deeply) touched.
emocionante adj 1 (conmovedor) mov-
ing, touching. 2 (excitante) exciting,
thrilling.
emocionar vt 1 (conmover) to move,
touch. 2 (excitar) to excite, thrill.
P vpr emocionarse 1 (conmoverse) to be
moved, be touched. 2 (excitarse) to
get excited.
emoticono nm inform emoticon.
emotivo,-a adj (persona) emotional;
(acto, etc) moving, touching; (palabras)
emotive.
empachar vt (comer demasiado) to give
indigestion.
P vpr empacharse (de comer) to have in-
digestion, get indigestion.
empacho nm (indigestin) indigestion.
empalagoso,-a adj 1 (dulces) too
sweet, sickly. 2 fig (persona) sickly
sweet, cloying.
empalmar vt (unir) to join, connect.
P vi 1 (enlazar) to join, connect. 2 (se-
guir) to follow on from.
empanada nf pasty, pie.
empanadilla nf pasty.
empaar vt (cristal) to steam up.
P vpr empaarse (cristal) to steam up.
empapar vt 1 (humedecer) to soak; (pe-
netrar) to soak, drench. 2 (absorber) to
soak up.
 empapelar
P vpr empaparse 1 (humedecerse) to get
soaked. 2 (persona) to get soaked, get
drenched, be soaked, be drenched.
empapelar vt (una pared) to wallpaper.
empaquetar vt (hacer paquetes) to pack
(up), wrap (up).
empastar vt (diente) to fill.
empaste nm (de diente) filling.
empatar vt to draw.
empate nm (en ftbol, rugby) draw, us
tie; (en carrera, votacin) tie: el gol del em
pate the equalizer.
empedrado,-a adj (calle) cobbled.
P nm empedrado 1 (adoquines) cobbles
pl , cobblestones pl . 2 (accin) cob-
bling, paving.
empeine nm (pie, zapato) instep.
empear vt 1 (objetos) to pawn, us
hock. 2 (palabra) to pledge.
P vpr empearse 1 (endeudarse) to get
into debt. 2 (insistir) to insist (en, on).
empeo nm (insistencia) determination.
empeorar vi to worsen, deteriorate.
emperador nm 1 emperor. 2 (pez)
swordfish.
emperatriz nf empress.
empezar vt to begin, start.
empinado,-a adj (alto) very high.
emplazar vt (situar) to locate, place,
situate.
empleado,-a nm & nf employee, clerk.
emplear vt 1 (dar empleo) to employ. 2
(usar) to use: emple un cuchillo he used
a knife. 3 (dinero) to spend. 4 (tiempo) to
invest, spend.
P vpr emplearse 1 (usarse) to be used:
este tipo de ordenador ya no se emplea this
type of computer is no longer used. 2
(tener trabajo) to be employed.
empleo nm 1 (trabajo) occupation, job.
2 pol employment. 3 (uso) use.
empobrecer vi to impoverish.
P vpr empobrecerse to become poor,
become impoverished.
empollar vt 1 (huevos) to hatch. 2 fam
(estudiar) to swot, swot up, us bone
up on.
empolln,-ona nm & nf fam pey swot.
140
emprendedor,-ra adj enterprising,
resourceful.
emprender vt 1 (gen) to start. 2 (misin)
to tackle; (viaje) to set off on; (tarea)
to undertake. l o c emprender el vuelo
to take flight.
empresa nf (compaa) firm, company.
c o m p empresa multinacional multina-
tional company.
empresario,-a nm & nf (gen) employer,
manager; (hombre) businessman, man-
ager; (mujer) businesswoman, manag-
eress.
empujar vt to push, shove, thrust.
empuje nm 1 push, thrust, drive. 2 fig
(energa) energy, drive.
empujn nm push, shove. l o c abrirse
paso a empujones to push one's way
through.
en prep 1 (lugar - gen) in, at: en Valencia in
Valencia; en casa at home; en el trabajo at
work. 2 (- en el interior) in, inside: en el
cajn in the drawer. 3 (lugar - sobre) on:
en la mesa on the table. 4 (ao, mes, esta-
cin) in; (da) on; (poca, momento) at: en
1994 in 1994; en aquel momento at that
moment. 5 (direccin) into: entr en su ca
sa he went into his house. 6 (transporte)
by: ir en coche to go by car. 7 (tema, mate-
ria) at, in: experto en economa expert in
economics; bueno en ajedrez good at
chess. 8 (modo, manera) in: en ingls in
English. l o c en cuanto as soon as. y en
camino on the way.
enajenar vt (propiedad) to alienate.
enamorado,-a nm & nf lover, sweet-
heart.
enamoramiento nm infatuation,
falling in love.
enamorar vt to win the heart of.
P vpr enamorarse to fall in love ( de,
with).
enano,-a adj dwarf.
P nm & nf dwarf.
encabezamiento nm 1 (gen) heading.
2 (frmula) form of address.
encabezar vt 1 (carta, lista) to head. 2
(acaudillar) to lead. 3 dep (carrera) to
lead; (clasificacin) to head, top.
 141
encadenar vt 1 (poner cadenas) to chain
(up). 2 fig (enlazar) to connect, link up.
encajar vt 1 (ajustar) to fit. 2 (recibir) to
take, withstand. 3 (soportar) to bear. 4
(indirecta, comentario) to get in. 5 (dar un
golpe) to land: le encaj un golpe he land-
ed him a blow. 6 tc to gear.
encaje nm 1 (acto) fit, fitting. 2 (hueco)
socket; (caja) housing. 3 cost lace.
encalar vt to whitewash.
encallar vi 1 mar to run aground. 2 fig
to flounder, fail.
encaminar vt (guiar, orientar) to direct,
guide, set on the right road, put on
the right road.
P vpr encaminarse (dirigirse) to head (a,
for) (hacia, towards). l o c estar bien
encaminado,-a to be on the right
track.
encantador,-ra adj enchanting,
charming, delightful.
encantar vt 1 (hechizar) to cast a spell
on, bewitch. 2 fam (gustar) to delight,
love.
encanto nm 1 (hechizo) spell, enchant-
ment, charm. 2 fig (cosa) delight, en-
chantment; (persona) charm.
encapricharse vpr 1 (empearse) to set
one's mind (con/en, to). 2 (encariarse)
to take a fancy (con, to).
encarar vt (afrontar) to face, face up to,
confront.
P vpr encararse 1 (situacin, problema)
to face up (a/con, to). 2 (persona) to
stand up (a/con, to).
encarcelar vt to imprison.
encarecer vt (precios) to put up the
price of.
encargado,-a adj in charge.
P nm & nf 1 com (hombre) manager;
(mujer) manageress. 2 (empleado) per-
son in charge.
encargar vt 1 (encomendar) to entrust,
put in charge of. 2 (recomendar) to rec-
ommend, advise. 3 com (pedir) to or-
der, place an order for: encarg 4 kilos
de naranjas he ordered 4 kilos of oranges.
P vpr encargarse de to take charge of,
look after, see to, deal with.
encima
encargo nm 1 (recado) errand. 2 com
order, commission. l o c hacer un en
cargo (recado) to run an errand.
encariarse vpr to become fond (con,
of), get attached (con, to).
encauzar vt 1 to channel. 2 fig to di-
rect, guide.
encfalo nm encephalon.
encendedor nm lighter.
encender vt 1 (hacer arder) to light, set
fire to; (cerilla) to strike, light; (vela) to E
light. 2 (luz, radio, tv) to turn on, switch
on, put on; (gas) to turn on, light.
P vpr encenderse (luz) to go on, come
on; (llama) to flare up.
encerado nm (pizarra) blackboard.
encerar vt to wax, polish.
encerrar vt 1 (gen) to shut in, shut up.
2 (con llave) to lock in, lock up.
encestar vt to score a basket.
enchufado,-a adj fam well-connect-
ed, with friends in the right places.
P nm & nf fam (gen) person with
friends in the right places, us wire-
puller; (en la escuela) teacher's pet.
enchufar vt 1 elec to connect, plug in.
2 (unir) to join, connect, fit. 3 fam fig
to pull strings for: enchuf a su hija en
la empresa he got his daughter a job in
the company.
enchufe nm 1 elec (hembra) socket;
(macho) plug. 2 fam fig (trabajo) easy
job; (influencias) contacts pl, friends pl
in high places. l o c tener enchufe fam
to have contacts.
enca nf gum.
enciclopedia nf encyclopaedia, en-
cyclopedia.
encima adv 1 (ms arriba) above, over-
head; (sobre) on top. 2 (ropa, etc) on, on
top: ponte algo encima put something
on. 3 (adems) in addition, besides. 4
fam (por si fuera poco) what's more, on
top of that, besides. l o c encima de 1
(a ms altura) over, above. 2 (sobre) on.
3 (adems) besides, as well as, on top
of that. y por encima de 1 (ms impor-
tante) above. 2 (ms all) beyond: est
por encima de sus posibilidades it's beyond
her capabilities.
 encina
encina nf holm oak, evergreen oak.
encoger vt 1 (contraer) to contract. 2
(tejido) to shrink.
P vi (tejido) to shrink.
P vpr encogerse 1 (contraerse) to con-
tract. 2 (tejido) to shrink.
encolar vt (dar cola) to glue.
encontrar vt 1 (gen) to find. 2 (una per-
sona sin buscar) to come across, meet,
bump into. 3 (dificultades) to run into,
come up against.
P vpr encontrarse 1 (estar) to be: se en
cuentra enfermo he's ill. 2 (persona) to
meet; (por casualidad) to bump into,
run into, meet: nos encontraremos all
we'll meet there. 3 (dificultades) to run
into. 4 fig (sentirse) to feel, be: me en
cuentro mal I feel bad.
encrucijada nf 1 crossroads, intersec-
tion. 2 fig crossroads.
encuadernacin nf (arte) bookbinding.
encuadernar vt to bind.
encuadrar vt 1 (cuadro, etc) to frame. 2
fig (encajar) to fit in, insert.
P vpr encuadrarse (incorporarse) to join.
encuadre nm framing.
encubrir vt 1 (ocultar) to conceal, hide.
2 jur (delito) to cover up; (criminal) to
cover up for.
encuentro nm 1 (de personas) meeting.
2 dep meeting, clash; (partido) match,
game.
encuesta nf (sondeo) poll, survey. l o c
hacer una encuesta to carry out an
opinion poll.
encuestador,-ra nm & nf pollster.
encuestar vt to poll.
encurtidos nm pl pickles.
endecaslabo,-a adj hendecasyllabic.
enderezar vt 1 (poner derecho) to
straighten out. 2 (poner vertical) to set
upright. 3 fig (situacin, etc) to put right.
P vpr enderezarse (ponerse recto) to
straighten up.
endeudarse vpr to get into debt, fall
into debt.
endibia nf endive.
endulzar vt to sweeten.
142
endurecer vt 1 to harden, make hard.
2 fig to harden, toughen.
ene nf name of the letter n.
P adj (indeterminado) n: ene veces n times.
enebro nm juniper.
eneldo nm dill.
enemigo,-a adj enemy, hostile.
P nm & nf enemy, foe.
enemistar vt to make enemies of, set
at odds, cause a rift between.
P vpr enemistarse to become ene-
mies.
energa nf 1 energy, power. 2 fig vig-
our (us vigor). c o m p energa cintica
kinetic energy.
enrgico,-a adj 1 energetic, vigorous.
2 fig (decisin) firm; (palabra) strong.
enero nm January.
. Consulta tambin marzo.
enervar vt 1 med to enervate. 2 fam
(irritar) to irritate, exasperate, get on
one's nerves.
P vpr enervarse fam to get flustered,
get worked up.
enfadado,-a adj angry, cross, an-
noyed, us mad.
enfadar vt to make angry, make
cross, annoy.
P vpr enfadarse 1 to get angry ( con,
with), get cross (con, with). 2 (pelear-
se) to fall out ( con , with) ( por ,
about).
enfado nm anger, irritation.
nfasis nm & nf inv emphasis, stress.
enfermar vi to fall ill, become ill, be
taken ill.
enfermedad nf illness, disease, sick-
ness. c o m p enfermedad contagiosa
contagious disease.
enfermera nf infirmary, sick bay.
enfermero,-a nm & nf (hombre) male
nurse; (mujer) nurse.
enfermizo,-a adj sickly, unhealthy.
enfermo,-a adj sick, ill.
enfilar vt 1 (poner en fila) to line up. 2
(una calle) to go along, go down.
enfocar vt 1 to focus, focus on, get
into focus. 2 (luz) to shine a light on.
 143
3 fig (problema, etc) to focus on, ap-
proach, look at.
enfoque nm 1 (accin) focus, focusing.
2 fig focus, approach, angle.
enfrascarse vpr 1 fig to become ab-
sorbed (en, in), become engrossed
(en, in). 2 fig (en lectura) to bury os (en,
in).
enfrentamiento nm confrontation.
enfrentar vt 1 (poner frente a frente) to
bring face to face, confront. 2 (enca-
rar) to face, confront.
P vpr enfrentarse 1 (hacer frente) to face
(a/con, -), confront (a/con, -). 2 dep to
meet (a/con, -). 3 (pelearse) to have an
argument ( a , with), fall out ( a ,
with); (chocar) to clash (a/con, with).
enfrente adv opposite, in front, facing.
enfriar vt 1 to cool (down), chill. 2 fig
to cool down.
P vpr enfriarse 1 (lo demasiado caliente) to
cool down. 2 (tener fro) to get cold;
(resfriarse) to catch a cold, get a cold.
enfurecer vt to infuriate, enrage.
P vpr enfurecerse 1 to get furious,
lose one's temper. 2 (mar) to become
rough.
enfurruarse vpr fam to sulk, get in a
huff.
engalanar vt (cosa) to festoon, deck out.
P vpr engalanarse (persona) to dress
up, get dressed up.
enganchar vt 1 (agarrar con gancho) to
hook. 2 (colgar) to hang, hang up. 3
(vagones) to couple.
P vpr engancharse 1 to get caught
(en, on), snag (en, on). 2 mil to en-
list, join up. 3 argot (drogas) to get
hooked (a, on).
engaar vt 1 (gen) to deceive, mis-
lead, fool, take in. 2 (estafar) to cheat,
trick.
P vpr engaarse 1 (ilusionarse) to de-
ceive os. 2 (equivocarse) to be mistak-
en, be wrong.
engao nm 1 deceit, deception. 2 (esta-
fa) fraud, trick, swindle. 3 (mentira) lie.
engaoso,-a adj (gen) deceptive.
enjoyar
engarzar vt 1 (perlas, etc) to string,
thread. 2 fig (palabras, frases) to string
together.
engatusar vt fam to get round, coax,
cajole.
engendrar vt to engender, beget.
engendro nm 1 (feto) foetus (us fetus).
2 fam fig (persona) freak. 3 fig (cosa)
monstrosity.
englobar vt 1 (incluir) to include, com-
prise. 2 (reunir) to bring together, E
lump together.
engomar vt to gum, glue, stick.
engominarse vpr (brillantina) to put
hair cream on; (fijador) to gel one's
hair, put hair gel on.
engordar vt to fatten, fatten up,
make fat.
P vi 1 (persona) to put on weight, get
fatter. 2 (alimento) to be fattening.
engorroso,-a adj fam bothersome,
annoying, awkward.
engranaje nm 1 tc gears pl. 2 (de reloj)
cogs pl. 3 fig machinery.
engrasar vt (dar grasa) to grease, oil,
lubricate.
engrescar vt (incitar) to cause trouble
between; (animar) to get going, arouse,
excite.
P vpr engrescarse to get embroiled.
engrosar vt 1 (hacer grueso) to thicken.
2 fig (aumentar) to increase, swell.
engullir vt to swallow.
enharinar vt (cubrir) to flour; (manchar)
to sprinkle with flour.
enhebrar vt 1 to thread. 2 fig to con-
nect, link.
enhorabuena nf congratulations pl.
P adv thank God.
enigma nm enigma, puzzle, mystery.
enigmtico,-a adj enigmatic, myste-
rious, puzzling.
enjabonar vt 1 to soap. 2 fig to soft-
soap, butter-up.
enjambre nm 1 swarm. 2 fig swarm,
throng, crowd.
enjaular vt 1 to cage. 2 fam fig to put
in jail, put inside.
enjoyar vt to adorn with jewels.
 enjuagar
P vpr enjoyarse fam to put on lots of
jewellery (us jewelry), be dripping
with jewels.
enjuagar vt to rinse.
P vpr enjuagarse to rinse one's
mouth out.
enjugar vt (secar) to dry, wipe (away),
mop up.
enjuiciar vt 1 (juzgar) to judge; (exami-
nar) to examine. 2 jur (civil) to sue;
(criminal) to indict, prosecute.
enlace nm 1 (conexin) link, connec-
tion. 2 (boda) marriage. 3 (tren, etc)
connection. 4 qum bond.
enlatado,-a adj canned, tinned.
enlatar vt to can, tin.
enlazar vt 1 (unir) to link, connect, tie
(together). 2 (ideas, etc) to link, connect,
relate. 3 (carreteras, etc) to connect.
P vi (trenes, etc) to connect (con, with).
P vpr enlazarse 1 (unirse) to be linked,
be connected. 2 (casarse) to get mar-
ried, marry.
enlodar vt to muddy, cover with
mud.
enloquecedor,-ra adj maddening.
enloquecer vt 1 (volver loco) to drive
mad. 2 fam (gustar) to be mad/crazy
about, be wild about.
P vi (volverse loco) to go mad/crazy, go
out of one's mind.
enlosado nm (de losas) paving; (de baldo-
sas) tiling.
enlosar vt (losas) to pave; (baldosas) to
tile.
enlucir vt (paredes, etc) to plaster.
enmadrado,-a adj tied to one's moth-
er's apron strings.
enmadrarse vpr to be tied to one's
mother's apron strings.
enmaraar vt 1 (enredar) to tangle. 2 fig
to embroil, muddle up, confuse.
P vpr enmaraarse 1 (enredarse) to get
tangled. 2 fig to get into a muddle,
get confused.
enmarcar vt to frame.
enmascarado,-a adj masked.
P nm & nf masked person.
144
enmascarar vt 1 to mask. 2 fig to
mask, disguise, conceal.
enmendar vt 1 to correct, put right. 2
(un dao) to repair, put right.
P vpr enmendarse to reform, mend
one's ways.
enmienda nf 1 correction. 2 (de dao)
repair, indemnity, compensation.
l o c hacer propsito de enmienda to
turn over a new leaf.
enmohecer vt (pan, queso, etc) to make
mouldy (us moldy); (metal) to rust.
P vpr enmohecerse (pan, queso, etc) to go
mouldy (us moldy); (metal) to rust, go
rusty.
enmoquetar vt to carpet.
enmudecer vt (hacer callar) to silence.
P vi 1 (quedar mudo) to be struck dumb;
(perder la voz) to lose one's voice. 2 (ca-
llar) to fall silent, keep quiet.
enojado,-a adj angry, cross.
enojar vt to anger, annoy, make angry.
P vpr enojarse to get angry ( con ,
with), get annoyed (con, with), lose
one's temper (con, with).
enojo nm anger, annoyance.
enojoso,-a adj annoying, irritating.
enorgullecer vt to fill with pride.
P vpr enorgullecerse to be proud (de,
of), pride os (de, on).
enorme adj (grande) enormous, huge,
vast.
enormidad nf (grandeza) enormity,
hugeness.
enquistarse vpr to encyst.
enrabiar vt to enrage, infuriate.
P vpr enrabiarse to become enraged.
enraizar vi 1 bot to take root. 2 fig
(persona) to put down roots.
P vpr enraizarse (planta, rbol) to take
root; (persona) to put down roots.
enredadera nf creeper, climbing
plant.
enredar vt 1 (engatusar) to involve, im-
plicate. 2 (meter cizaa) to sow dis-
cord, cause trouble. 3 (enmaraar) to
tangle up, entangle. 4 fig (asunto, etc)
to confuse, complicate.
 145
P vpr enredarse 1 (hacerse un lo) to get
tangled up, get entangled, get into a
tangle.
enredo nm 1 (maraa) tangle. 2 (confu-
sin) mess, muddle, confusion, mix-
up. 3 (engao) deceit. 4 (travesura) mis-
chief.
enrejado nm (reja) railings pl, grating.
enrejar vt 1 (puerta, ventana) to put a
grating on. 2 (vallar) to fence, put
railings round.
enrevesado,-a adj complicated, dif-
ficult.
enriquecer vt 1 (hacer rico) to make
rich. 2 fig to enrich.
P vpr enriquecerse to get rich.
enriquecimiento nm enrichment.
enrocar vi (ajedrez) to castle.
P vt (ajedrez) to castle.
enrojecimiento nm (rostro) blushing.
enrollado,-a adj 1 (papel) rolled up;
(cable) coiled. 2 fam (guay) cool, great.
enrollar vt 1 (papel) to roll up; (hilo) to
wind up. 2 (a alguien) to involve.
P vpr enrollarse 1 fam fig (hablar) to go
on and on (con, to), chatter (con, to).
2 fam fig (tener relaciones) to have an af-
fair (con, with). 3 fam fig (liarse) to get
involved (con, with).
enroque nm castling.
enroscar vt (tornillo) to screw in.
P vpr enroscarse to wind, coil; (cable) to
roll up; (serpiente) to coil itself (up).
ensaimada nf spiral-shaped pastry made of
light dough.
ensalada nf salad.
ensaladera nf salad bowl.
ensaladilla nf vegetable salad.
ensamblar vt to join, assemble.
ensanchar vt 1 (gen) to widen, en-
large, extend. 2 cost to let out.
P vpr ensancharse to get wider, ex-
pand, spread, stretch.
ensanche nm 1 (gen) widening, en-
largement, extension. 2 (de ciudad)
urban development.
ensartar vt (cuentas) to string (togeth-
er), thread; (aguja) to thread.
entender
ensayar vt 1 teat to rehearse. 2 ms to
practise (us practice). 3 (probar) to try
out, test.
ensayo nm 1 teat rehearsal. 2 ms
practice. 3 (prueba) test, experiment,
trial, attempt. 4 (literario, etc) essay.
enseguida adv at once, straight away,
immediately.
. Tambin se escribe en seguida.
enseante nm o nf teacher.
enseanza nf 1 (educacin) education,
E
teaching. 2 (doctrina) teaching, doc-
trine. c o m p enseanza general bsica
general basic education. y enseanza
primaria primary education.
ensear vt 1 (en escuela, etc) to teach,
train, instruct. 2 (educar) to educate.
3 (mostrar, dejar ver) to show: me ense
el libro he showed me the book.
ensillar vt put a saddle on.
ensimismado,-a adj engrossed, ab-
sorbed, lost.
ensimismarse vpr (abstraerse) to be-
come lost in thought.
ensoar vt to daydream about.
ensordecedor,-ra adj deafening.
ensordecer vt to deafen.
P vi to go deaf.
ensortijado,-a adj curly.
ensuciar vt to dirty, make dirty.
P vpr ensuciarse (mancharse) to get
dirty.
ensueo nm dream, fantasy. l o c de
ensueo dream.
entablar vt 1 (poner tablas) to plank,
board. 2 (conversacin) to begin, start,
open; (amistad) to strike up.
entallar vt cost to take in at the
waist.
entarimado nm parquet floor.
ente nm (ser) being.
entender nm (opinin) understanding,
opinion.
P vt 1 (comprender) to understand. 2
(darse cuenta) to realize. 3 (discurrir) to
think, believe: entiendo que sera mejor
ir I think it would be better to go. 4 (in-
terpretar) to understand, take it.
entendido 146
P vi (tener conocimiento) to know ( de ,
about).
P vpr entenderse 1 (comprenderse) to be
understood. 2 fam (conocerse) to know
what one is doing: yo ya me entiendo I
have my reasons. 3 fam (llevarse bien) to
get along.
entendido,-a nm & nf expert.
entendimiento nm 1 (comprensin) un-
derstanding, comprehension. 2 (sen-
tido comn) understanding, sense,
judgement. 3 (inteligencia) intelli-
gence.
enterado,-a nm & nf fam expert, au-
thority. l o c darse por enterado,-a de
algo to be aware of sth . y estar
enterado,-a to be in the know.
enterar vt to inform (de, about/of);
(poner al corriente) to acquaint ( de ,
with), tell (de, about).
P vpr enterarse 1 (averiguar) to find out
( de , about). 2 (tener conocimiento) to
learn, hear. 3 (darse cuenta) to realize.
enternecer vt (conmover) to move,
touch.
P vpr enternecerse to be moved, be
touched.
entero,-a adj (completo) entire, whole,
complete.
P nm entero mat whole number.
enterrar vt 1 to bury, inter. 2 fig (olvi-
dar) to forget, give up.
entierro nm 1 (accin) burial. 2 (ceremo-
nia) funeral.
entonar vt 1 (nota) to pitch; (cancin) to
sing, intone. 2 (colores) to match.
P vi 1 ms to intone. 2 (colores) to
match. 3 fig (armonizar) to be in har-
mony (con, with), be in tune (con,
with).
entonces adv 1 (en aquel momento) then.
2 (en tal caso) so, then: entonces no lo
quieres so you don't want it. l o c desde
entonces since then.
entornado,-a adj (ojos, etc) half-closed;
(puerta) ajar.
entornar vt 1 (ojos, etc) to half-close. 2
(puerta) to leave ajar.
entorno nm 1 environment, sur-
roundings pl. 2 inform environment.
entorpecer vt 1 to make numb,
make dull. 2 fig (dificultar) to obstruct.
entorpecimiento nm 1 dullness,
numbness. 2 fig (obstruccin) obstruc-
tion, hindrance.
entrada nf 1 (gen) entrance, entry. 2
(vestbulo) hall, entrance. 3 (billete) tick-
et, admission. 4 (pblico) audience. 5
(de libro, oracin, etc) opening; (de ao,
mes) beginning: la entrada de la primave
ra the beginning of spring. 6 (pago inicial)
down payment, deposit. 7 culin en-
tre, starter. 8 inform input. 9 dep
tackle. l o c de entrada 1 (desde el princi-
pio) straight away, from the outset.
2 (en comida) for starters. y Prohibida
la entrada No admittance.
entramado nm wooden framework.
entrante adj entering, coming, in-
coming: el ao entrante the coming
year; el mes entrante next month.
P nm culin starter.
entraable adj 1 (amistad) intimate,
close. 2 (amigo) dear. 3 (recuerdo) fond.
entrar vi 1 (ir adentro) to come in, go in.
2 (tener entrada) to be welcome. 3 (en
una sociedad, etc) to join; (en una profesin)
to take up, join. 4 (encajar, caber) to fit:
este tornillo no entra this screw doesn't
fit. 5 (empezar - ao, estacin) to begin,
start; (- perodo, poca) to enter; (- libro,
carta) to begin, open: ya ha entrado el
verano summer has begun. 6 (venir) to
come over, come on: me entraron ga
nas de llorar I felt like crying. 7 (alcanzar)
to reach: ha entrado en los cuarenta he
has reached forty. 8 inform to access.
P vt (meter) to put.
entre prep 1 (dos trminos) between. 2
(varios) among, amongst: entre los pe
ridicos among the newspapers. 3 (entre-
medio) somewhere between: entre
azul y verde somewhere between blue
and green. l o c de entre from among,
out of: y entre tanto meanwhile, in
the meantime.
entreabierto,-a adj (ojos, etc) half-
open; (puerta) ajar.
entreabrir vt 1 (ojos) to half open. 2
(puerta, etc) to leave ajar.
 147
entreacto nm interval.
entrecejo nm space between the
eyebrows; (ceo) frown.
entrecot nm entrecte.
entredicho nm (duda) doubt, ques-
tion. l o c poner algo en entredicho to
have one's doubts about sth.
entrega nf 1 (gen) handing over. 2 (de
premios) presentation. 3 com delivery.
4 (de posesiones) surrender. 5 (fascculo)
instalment (us installment), part. 6
dep pass. c o m p entrega a domicilio
home delivery.
entregar vt 1 (dar) to hand over. 2 (de-
beres, ejercicios) to hand in, give in; (pre-
mios) to present, award. 3 com to de-
liver.
P vpr entregarse 1 (rendirse) to give in
(a, to), surrender. 2 (dedicarse) to de-
vote os (a, to), be devoted (a, to). 3
pey (caer en) to give os over (a, to),
take (a, to).
entrelazar vt to entwine, inter-
weave, interlace.
entremedias adv 1 in between. 2
(mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the
meantime. l o c entremedias de be-
tween, among.
entrems nm hors d'oeuvre pl.
entremezclar vt to intermingle.
P vpr entremezclarse to intermingle.
entrenador,-ra nm & nf trainer,
coach.
entrenamiento nm training.
entrenar vt to train, coach.
P vpr entrenarse to train.
entreno nm training.
entresijo nm fig secret, mystery. l o c co
nocer todos los entresijos fig to know all
the ins and outs.
entresuelo nm mezzanine, gb first
floor, us second floor.
entretanto adv meanwhile.
entretejer vt to interweave, inter-
twine.
entretener vt 1 (detener) to hold up,
detain; (retrasar) to delay. 2 (ocupar) to
keep busy. 3 (distraer) to occupy,
entusiasmar
keep occupied. 4 (divertir) to enter-
tain, amuse, distract.
P vpr entretenerse 1 (retrasarse) to be
delayed, be held up. 2 (distraerse)
to keep os occupied. 3 (divertirse) to
amuse os.
entretenido,-a adj (divertido) enter-
taining, amusing.
entretenimiento nm (distraccin) en-
tertainment, distraction, amuse-
ment. E
entretiempo nm period between
seasons; (primavera) spring; (otoo) au-
tumn. l o c un traje de entretiempo a
lightweight suit.
entrevista nf 1 (prensa) interview. 2
(reunin) meeting. l o c hacer una entre
vista a algn to interview sb.
entrevistador,-ra nm & nf interviewer.
entrevistar vt to interview.
P vpr entrevistarse 1 (prensa) to have
an interview (con, with). 2 (reunirse)
to have a meeting (con, with).
entristecer vt to make sad.
P vpr entristecerse to be sad ( por ,
about).
entrometerse vpr to meddle, interfere.
entrometido,-a adj nosy.
P nm & nf meddler, nosy parker.
entroncar vt to relate, link, connect.
P vi (parentesco) to be related.
entumecido,-a adj numb.
entumecimiento nm numbness.
enturbiar vt 1 to make muddy, make
cloudy, cloud. 2 fig to cloud, mud-
dle, obscure.
P vpr enturbiarse 1 to get muddy, be-
come cloudy. 2 fig to get confused,
get muddled.
entusiasmado,-a adj excited.
entusiasmar vt 1 (causar entusiasmo) to
fill with enthusiasm, excite. 2 (gus-
tar) to like, love: me entusiasma la pera
I love opera.
P vpr entusiasmarse 1 to get enthusi-
astic (con, about), get excited (con,
about). 2 (gustar) to love (con, -), like
(con, -).
entusiasmo 148
entusiasmo nm enthusiasm. l o c con
entusiasmo keenly, enthusiastically.
entusiasta adj enthusiastic.
enumeracin nf (cmputo) enumera-
tion, count, reckoning.
enumerar vt to enumerate.
enunciado nm 1 (teora, etc) enuncia-
tion. 2 ling statement. 3 (problema, etc)
wording.
enunciar vt 1 (teora) to enunciate. 2
(expresar) to express, state, word.
envalentonar vt to make bold, make
daring.
P vpr envalentonarse (volverse valiente)
to become bold, become daring.
envasado,-a adj (bebidas) bottled; (con-
servas) canned, tinned; (paquetes)
packed.
P nm envasado (bebidas) bottling; (con-
servas) canning; (paquetes) packing.
c o m p envasado al vaco vacuum-
packed.
envasar vt (botellas) to bottle; (latas) to
can, tin; (paquetes) to pack.
envase nm 1 (accin - paquetes) packing;
(- botellas) bottling; (- latas) canning. 2
(recipiente) container. 3 (botella vaca)
empty. c o m p envase de cartn carton.
y envase de plstico plastic container.
y envase sin retorno nonreturnable
bottle.
envejecer vt to age, make look old.
P vi to get old, grow old.
envejecido,-a adj aged, old, old-
looking: Pablo est muy envejecido Pablo
looks very old.
envejecimiento nm ageing.
envenenamiento nm poisoning.
envenenar vt to poison.
envs nm inv 1 (de pgina) back, reverse.
2 (de tela) wrong side. 3 bot reverse.
enviado,-a nm & nf messenger, en-
voy. c o m p enviado,-a especial special
correspondent.
enviar vt 1 (gen) to send. 2 com to dis-
patch, remit; (por barco) to ship.
enviciar vt (pervertir) to corrupt, pervert.
P vi bot to produce too many leaves
and not enough fruit.
P vpr enviciarse (pervertirse) to become
corrupted, fall into bad habits.
envidar vi to bid, bet.
envidia nf envy. l o c dar envidia to
make envious. y tener envidia de algo/
algn to envy sth/sb.
envidiable adj enviable.
envidiar vt to envy.
envidioso,-a adj envious.
envo nm 1 (accin) sending, dispatch.
2 com dispatch, shipment. 3 (paquete)
parcel. 4 (mensaje electrnico) posting.
l o c hacer un envo com to dispatch
an order. y envo contra reembolso
cash on delivery. y c o m p gastos de en
vo postage and packing.
envite nm (apuesta) bet.
enviudar vi (hombre) to become a wid-
ower, lose one's wife; (mujer) to be-
come a widow, lose one's husband.
envoltorio nm (de caramelo, etc) wrapper.
envolver vt (con papel) to wrap, wrap up.
enyesado nm 1 plastering. 2 med plas-
ter cast.
enyesar vt 1 to plaster. 2 med to put in
plaster.
enzarzar vt 1 (de zarzas) to cover with
brambles. 2 fig (engrescar) to sow dis-
cord among, set at odds.
P vpr enzarzarse 1 (enredarse en zarzas) to
get entangled in brambles. 2 fig (dis-
cusin, asunto) to get involved (en, in).
enzima nm & nf enzyme.
ee nf name of the letter .
eoceno,-a adj Eocene.
P nm eoceno Eocene.
elico,-a adj wind: energa elica wind
power.
pica nf epic poetry.
epiceno adj epicene.
epicentro nm epicentre (us epicenter).
pico,-a adj epic, heroic.
epicuresmo nm Epicureanism.
epicreo,-a adj Epicurean.
epidemia nf epidemic.
epidmico,-a adj epidemic.
epidrmico,-a adj epidermic, skin:
enfermedad epidrmica skin disease.

epidermis nf inv epidermis, skin.
epgrafe nm 1 (cita) epigraph. 2 (ttulo)
title, heading.
epilepsia nf epilepsy.
epilptico,-a adj epileptic.
eplogo nm (parte final) epilogue ( us
epilog).
episcopado nm (obispos) episcopacy.
episcopal adj episcopal.
episodio nm 1 (literario) episode. 2 (suce-
so) incident, event.
epstola nf fml epistle, letter.
epitelio nm epithelium.
epteto nm epithet.
poca nf 1 time, age. 2 hist period,
epoch: muebles de poca period furni-
ture. 3 agr season, time: la poca de la
recoleccin harvest time. l o c por aquella
poca about that time. y ser de su po
ca to be with the times.
epopeya nf 1 lit epic poem. 2 (hecho)
heroic deed.
equidad nf (moderacin) fairness, rea-
sonableness.
equidistancia nf equidistance.
equidistante adj equidistant.
equidistar vi to be equidistant (de,
from).
equiltero,-a adj equilateral.
equilibrado,-a adj 1 balanced. 2 (per-
sona) sensible, well-balanced.
equilibrar vt 1 to balance, poise. 2 fig
to balance, adjust.
P vpr equilibrarse 1 to balance ( en ,
on). 2 fig to recover one's balance.
equilibrio nm 1 (estabilidad) balance:
perdi el equilibrio he lost his balance. 2
fs equilibrium. 3 fig (armona) bal-
ance, harmony. l o c hacer equilibrios
fig to perform a balancing act. y
mantener el equilibrio to keep one's
balance.
equilibrismo nm (gen) balancing act;
(de funmbulo) tightrope walking.
equilibrista nm o nf (funmbulo) tight-
rope walker.
equino,-a adj equine, horse.
equinoccio nm equinox.
equinodermo nm echinoderm.
149 erasmismo
equipaje nm luggage, baggage. comp
equipaje de mano hand luggage.
equipar vt to equip, furnish.
P vpr equiparse (uso reflexivo) to kit os
out (con/de, with), equip os (con/de,
with).
equiparable adj comparable (a/con,
to/with).
equiparar vt to compare ( a/con ,
with), liken (a/con, to).
equipo nm 1 (prestaciones) equipment. 2 E
(ropas, utensilios) outfit, kit. 3 (de perso-
nas) team. c o m p equipo de alta fideli
dad hi-fi system. y equipo de ftbol
football team. y equipo de msica
music centre, stereo system.
equis nf inv 1 name of the letter x. 2 mat x,
unknown quantity.
equitacin nf horsemanship, horse
riding, us horseback riding.
equitativo,-a adj equitable, fair.
equivalencia nf 1 (igualdad) equiva-
lence. 2 (sustitucin) compensation.
equivalente adj (igual) equivalent.
P nm equivalent.
equivaler vi 1 (ser igual) to be equiva-
lent (a, to), be equal (a, to). 2 (signifi-
car) to be tantamount ( a , to),
amount (a, to), mean (a, -).
equivocacin nf 1 (error) mistake, er-
ror. 2 (malentendido) misunderstand-
ing. l o c cometer una equivocacin to
make a mistake.
equivocado,-a adj mistaken, wrong.
equivocar vt 1 to mistake, get wrong. 2
(cambiar) to get mixed up: equivoqu vues
tros regalos I got your presents mixed up.
P vpr equivocarse to make a mistake,
be mistaken, be wrong; (de direccin, ca-
mino, etc) to go wrong, get wrong: me
equivoqu de calle I got the wrong street.
equvoco,-a adj equivocal, mislead-
ing, ambiguous.
P nm equvoco 1 ambiguity, double
meaning. 2 (malentendido) misunder-
standing.
era nf (tiempo) era, age.
erario nm exchequer, treasury.
erasmismo nm Erasmianism.
 ere
ere nf name of the letter r.
erecto,-a adj erect.
eremita nm hermit, eremite.
ergonmico,-a adj ergonomic.
erguido,-a adj erect, upright, straight.
erguir vt to raise (up straight), erect,
lift up.
P vpr erguirse (ponerse derecho) to
straighten up, stand up straight.
erial adj uncultivated, untilled.
P nm uncultivated land.
erigir vt (alzar) to erect, build.
Eritrea nf Eritrea.
eritreo,-a adj Eritrean.
P nm & nf (persona) Eritrean.
erizado,-a adj bristly, prickly.
erizar vt (pelo - animal) to bristle; (- per-
sona) make stand on end.
P vpr erizarse (pelo - de animal) to bris-
tle; (- de persona) to stand on end: el
pelo se le eriz his hair stood on end.
erizo nm (animal) hedgehog. c o m p erizo
de mar sea urchin.
ermita nf hermitage, shrine.
ermitao,-a adj recluse.
P nm & nf (persona solitaria) hermit.
P nm ermitao zool hermit crab.
erosin nf erosion, wearing away.
erosionar vt to erode.
erosivo,-a adj erosive.
erradicar vt 1 to eradicate. 2 (enferme-
dad) to stamp out.
errado,-a adj mistaken, wrong.
errante adj wandering, errant.
errar vt (objetivo) to miss, get wrong.
P vi 1 (vagar) to wander, rove, roam.
2 (equivocarse) to be mistaken, be
wrong.
errata nf erratum, misprint.
errtico,-a adj erratic.
erre nf name of the digraph rr.
errneo,-a adj erroneous, wrong,
mistaken, unsound: explicacin err
nea wrong explanation.
error nm error, mistake.
eructar vi to belch, burp.
eructo nm belch, burp.
erudicin nf erudition, learning.
150
erudito,-a adj erudite, learned.
P nm & nf scholar, expert.
erupcin nf 1 (volcnica) eruption. 2 (cu-
tnea) rash. loc entrar en erupcin to
erupt.
eruptivo,-a adj eruptive.
esbelto,-a adj slim, slender.
esbozar vt to sketch, outline. l o c es
bozar una sonrisa fig to force a smile,
smile weakly.
esbozo nm sketch, outline.
escabechado,-a adj pickled, in brine.
escabechar vt to pickle, preserve in
brine; (arenque) to souse, pickle.
escabeche nm brine, pickle.
escabechina nf fam massacre.
escabroso,-a adj 1 (desigual) uneven,
rough: terreno escabroso rough terrain. 2
fig (difcil) tough, difficult.
escabullirse vpr 1 (entre las manos) to
slip through. 2 fig (persona) to slip
away, sneak off, disappear.
escacharrar vt 1 fam (romper) to break.
2 fam (estropear) to ruin, spoil.
escafandra nf diving suit.
escafandrista nm o nf diver.
escala nf 1 (escalera - de mano) ladder; (- de
tijera) stepladder. 2 (mapa, plano, etc)
scale: lo dibuj a escala he drew it to scale.
3 (puerto) port of call; (aeropuerto) stopo-
ver. 4 ms scale.
escalada nf (montaa) climb, climbing.
escalador,-ra nm & nf climber.
escalafn nm (de personas) roll, promo-
tion list.
escalar vt (montaa) to climb.
escaldado,-a adj scalded.
escaleno adj scalene.
escalera nf 1 stairs pl, staircase. 2 (es-
cala) ladder.
escalerilla nf (de barco) gangway; (de
avin) steps pl.
escalfar vt to poach: huevos escalfados
poached eggs.
escalinata nf outside steps pl.
escalofriante adj chilling, bloodcur-
dling, hair-raising.
 151
escalofro nm (de fro) shiver. l o c tener
escalofros to shiver.
escaln nm 1 (peldao) step, stair; (de esca-
la) rung. 2 fig (grado) degree, level,
grade. 3 fig (paso, medio) stepping stone.
escalonado,-a adj (espaciado) spaced
out, at regular intervals.
escalonar vt 1 (espaciar) to place at in-
tervals, space out. 2 (cabello) cut in
layers.
escama nf 1 scale. 2 fig (de piel, de jabn)
flake.
escamado,-a adj fam fig wary, suspi-
cious.
escamar vt 1 (quitar escamas) to scale,
remove the scales from. 2 fam fig to
make suspicious, make wary.
escampar vt to clear out.
P vi [se emplea slo en tercera persona; no
lleva sujeto] meteor to stop raining,
clear up.
escandalizar vt to shock.
P vpr escandalizarse to be shocked (de/
por, at), be scandalized (de/por, by).
escndalo nm 1 scandal. 2 (alboroto)
racket, fuss, din, uproar. l o c armar
un escndalo to kick up a fuss.
escandaloso,-a adj 1 scandalous,
shocking, outrageous. 2 (alborotado)
noisy, rowdy.
Escandinavia nf Scandinavia.
escandinavo,-a adj Scandinavian.
P nm & nf Scandinavian.
escanear vt to scan.
escner nm scanner.
escao nm 1 (banco) bench. 2 pol seat.
escapada nf 1 fam (salida) quick trip. 2
(huida) escape.
escapar vi 1 (huir) to escape, get away,
run away. 2 (librarse) to escape.
P vpr escaparse 1 (huir) to escape, run
away, get away. 2 (librarse) to escape,
avoid. 3 (gas, etc) to leak.
escaparate nm shop window.
escapatoria nf 1 (huida) escape, flight.
2 (excusa) excuse, way out.
escape nm 1 (huida) escape, flight,
getaway. 2 (de gas, etc) leak.
escarabajo nm beetle.
esclavizar
escaramujo nm 1 (rosal) wild rose,
dog rose. 2 (fruto) rosehip.
escaramuza nf (ria) run-in, squabble.
escarbar vt 1 (suelo) to scratch. 2 (bolsi-
llo, papeles) to rummage in.
escarcha nf frost, hoarfrost.
escarlata adj scarlet.
escarlatina nf scarlet fever.
escarmentar vt teach a lesson to.
P vi to learn one's lesson: a ver si escar
mientas that'll teach you (a lesson). E
escarmiento nm lesson.
escarola nf curly endive.
escarpado,-a adj 1 (inclinado) steep,
sheer. 2 (abrupto) craggy.
escarpia nf spike, hook.
escasear vi (faltar) to be scarce.
escasez nf (carencia) scarcity, lack,
shortage.
escaso,-a adj 1 (insuficiente) scarce,
scant, very little, small. 2 (recursos)
slender; (dinero) tight; (pblico) small;
(lluvias, salario) low; (tiempo) very little.
3 (poco de algo) few: escasos das few
days. 4 (que le falta poco) hardly, scarce-
ly, barely: un kilo escaso barely a kilo.
escayola nf 1 (yeso) plaster of Paris;
(estuco) stucco. 2 med plaster.
escayolar vt to put in plaster, plaster.
escena nf 1 teat (parte) scene; (lugar)
stage. 2 fig scene.
escenario nm 1 teat stage. 2 cine sce-
nario. 3 fig scene, setting.
escenificar vt 1 (novela) to dramatize.
2 (obra de teatro) to stage.
escenografa nm 1 cine set design. 2
teat stage design.
escengrafo,-a nm & nf 1 cine set de-
signer. 2 teat stage designer.
escepticismo nm scepticism ( us
skepticism).
escptico,-a adj sceptic (us skeptic).
escindir vt to split, divide.
P vpr escindirse to split (off) (en, into).
escisin nf 1 split, division. 2 fs fis-
sion. 3 med excision.
esclavitud nf slavery, servitude.
esclavizar vt to enslave.
esclavo
esclavo,-a adj enslaved.
P nm & nf (gen) slave.
esclusa nf lock, sluicegate, floodgate.
escoba nf brush, broom.
escobilla nf small brush.
escobn nm large brush.
escocer vi 1 to smart, sting: le escuecen
sus heridas his cuts sting. 2 fig to hurt.
escocs,-a adj Scottish.
P nm & nf (persona) Scot; (hombre) Scots-
man; (mujer) Scotswoman.
P nm escocs (idioma) Scottish Gaelic.
Escocia nf Scotland. c o m p Nueva Esco
cia Nova Scotia.
escoger vt to choose, pick out, select.
escogido,-a adj chosen, selected; (se-
lecto) choice, select.
escolar adj school, scholastic.
P nm o nf (chico) schoolboy; (chica)
schoolgirl.
escolstico,-a adj scholastic.
escollera nf breakwater, jetty.
escollo nm fig difficulty, pitfall, snag.
escolopendra nf centipede.
escolta nf escort.
escoltar vt 1 to escort. 2 mar to convoy.
escombros nm pl rubble sing, debris sing.
esconder vt to hide, conceal.
P vpr esconderse to hide.
escondidas l o c hacer algo a escondidas
de algn to do sth behind sb's back.
escondite nm 1 (lugar) hiding place. 2
(juego) hide-and-seek.
escopeta nf shotgun.
escorpin nm scorpion.
escorzo nm foreshortening.
escote nm cost low neckline.
escozor nm 1 stinging, smarting. 2 fig
pain, grief.
escribir vt 1 (gen) to write. 2 (deletrear)
to spell, write.
P vi to write.
P vpr escribirse 1 (deletrear) to spell, be
spelt: cmo se escribe? how do you spell
it? 2 (uso recproco) to write to each
other. l o c escribir a mano to write in
longhand, write by hand. y escribir a
mquina to type.
152
escrito,-a adj written; (mencionado)
stated.
P nm escrito 1 (documento) writing,
document, text. 2 (obra) work, writ-
ing: los escritos de Orwell Orwell's writ-
ings.
escritor,-ra nm & nf writer.
escritorio nm 1 (mueble) writing desk,
bureau. 2 (oficina) office.
escritura nf 1 (gen) writing: escritura fo
ntica phonetic script. 2 (caligrafa)
handwriting, writing. 3 jur deed,
document.
escrpulo nm 1 [tambin se usa en plural
con el mismo significado] (recelo) scruple,
doubt, qualm. 2 [tambin se usa en plu-
ral con el mismo significado] (aprensin)
fussiness: eso me da escrpulos I'm fin-
icky about it, I'm fussy about it. 3 fig
(cuidado) extreme care: lo hizo con escr
pulo he did it with extreme care.
escrupuloso,-a adj 1 scrupulous. 2
(aprensivo) finicky, fussy. 3 fig (exacto)
scrupulous, meticulous.
escrutinio nm 1 (examen) scrutiny, ex-
amination. 2 (de votos) count.
escuadra nf 1 (instrumento -de dibujo) set
square; (-de carpintera) square; (pieza
de metal) bracket. 2 (de tropas) squad;
(de buques) squadron, fleet. 3 (ftbol)
angle.
escuadrilla nf squadron.
escuadrn nm squadron.
esculido,-a adj 1 (delgado) emaciated,
extremely thin, skinny. 2 (sucio)
squalid, filthy.
escucha nf (accin) listening. l o c estar
a la escucha de to be listening out
for. y c o m p escuchas telefnicas phone
tapping sing.
escuchar vt 1 to listen to; (or) to hear.
2 (atender) to listen to, pay attention
to: no escuchaba mis consejos he didn't
listen to my advice.
escudo nm 1 (arma) shield. 2 (de armas)
coat of arms. 3 (moneda) escudo. 4 fig
(amparo) protection, shield.
escuela nf 1 (gen) school. 2 (experiencia)
experience, instruction.
 153
esculpir vt (gen) to sculpt, sculpture;
(madera) to carve; (metal) to engrave.
escultor,-ra nm & nf (hombre) sculptor;
(mujer) sculptress.
escultura nf (gen) sculpture; (en madera)
carving; (en metal) engraving.
escupir vi to spit.
P vt 1 to spit out. 2 fig (despedir) to
belch out: la fbrica escupa humo the
factory belched out smoke.
escurreplatos nm inv plate rack.
escurridizo,-a adj 1 slippery. 2 fig
slippery, elusive.
escurridor nm 1 (colador) strainer, col-
ander. 2 (de platos) plate rack. 3 (para
ropa) wringer, mangle.
escurrir vt (platos, etc) to drain; (ropa) to
wring out; (comida) to strain.
P vi 1 (destilar) to drip, trickle. 2 (desli-
zar) to slip, slide.
P vpr escurrirse 1 (platos, etc) to drain. 2
(lquido) to drip, trickle. 3 (deslizarse) to
slip, slide. 4 fam (escapar) to run
away, slip away.
esdrjulo,-a adj proparoxytone,
stressed on the antepenultimate
syllable.
ese nf name of the letter s.
P nf pl eses zigzags.
ese,-a adj that; (plural) those.
se,-a pron 1 (cosa) that one. 2 (hombre -
sujeto) he; (mujer - sujeto) she: se me lo
dijo he told me. 3 (hombre - complemento)
him; (mujer - complemento) her: se lo dio a
sa he gave it to her. 4 (anterior) the for-
mer.
. Cuando no se produzca confusin con
el adjetivo se puede omitir el acento.
esencia nf 1 essence. 2 (perfume) es-
sence, perfume, scent.
esencial adj essential. loc lo esencial
the main thing.
esfera nf 1 sphere, globe. 2 (de reloj)
dial, face. 3 fig (campo) field, sphere;
(ambiente) sphere, circle.
esfrico,-a adj spherical.
P nm esfrico (baln) ball.
esfinge nf sphinx.
esnobismo
esforzar vt 1 (forzar) to strain. 2 (animar)
to encourage, spur on.
P vpr esforzarse (fsicamente) to make an
effort, exert os; (moralmente) to try
hard, strive: se ha esforzado para llegar a la
cumbre she has striven to get to the top.
esfuerzo nm 1 effort, endeavour (us
endeavor). 2 (valor) courage, spirit.
l o c sin esfuerzo effortlessly.
esfumar vt 1 (esfuminar) to stump,
blend. 2 (colores) to tone down. E
P vpr esfumarse fam (largarse) to disap-
pear, fade away.
esgrima nf fencing.
esguince nm med sprain.
eslabn nm link.
eslalon nm slalom.
eslip nm 1 (ropa interior) men's briefs pl,
underpants pl. 2 (baador) trunks pl.
s pl eslips.
eslogan nm slogan. c o m p eslogan pu
blicitario advertising slogan.
eslovaco,-a adj Slovak.
P nm & nf (persona) Slovak.
P nm eslovaco (idioma) Slovak.
Eslovaquia nf Slovakia.
Eslovenia nf Slovenia.
esloveno,-a adj Slovene.
P nm & nf (persona) Slovene.
P nm esloveno (idioma) Slovene.
esmaltar vt 1 to enamel. 2 (uas) to
varnish. 3 fig (adornar) to decorate,
adorn.
esmalte nm 1 (gen) enamel. 2 (de uas)
nail varnish, nail polish. 3 (objeto es-
maltado) enamelled object. 4 (color)
smalt.
esmeralda nf emerald.
esmerar vt (pulir) to polish.
P vpr esmerarse to do one's best (en/
por, to), take great pains ( en/por,
over).
esmero nm great care, neatness.
esnob adj (persona) snobbish; (lugar, etc)
posh.
P nm o nf snob.
esnobismo nm snobbery, snobbish-
ness.
 eso
eso pron that: eso es lo que dijo that's what
she said.
ESO abrev educ (Enseanza Secundaria
Obligatoria) compulsory secondary education
up to 16.
esfago nm oesophagus (us esopha-
gus), gullet.
esos,-as adj those.
. Consulta tambin ese,-a.
sos,-as pron those (ones).
. Consulta tambin se,-a.
espacial adj 1 mat spatial, spacial. 2
(del cosmos) space.
espaciar vt to space out.
espacio nm 1 (gen) space. 2 (que se ocu-
pa) space, room: necesitamos ms espa
cio we need more room. 3 (de tiempo)
period, space. 4 (programa) pro-
gramme (us program).
espacioso,-a adj (ancho) spacious,
roomy.
espada nf 1 (arma) sword. 2 (naipe)
spade.
P nf pl espadas (palo de baraja) spades.
espaguetis nm pl spaghetti sing.
espalda nf 1 [tambin se usa en plural con
el mismo significado] (gen) back. 2 (nata-
cin) backstroke.
espantapjaros nm inv scarecrow.
espantar vt 1 (asustar) to frighten,
scare, scare off. 2 (ahuyentar) to
frighten away.
P vpr espantarse 1 (asustarse) to be
frightened, be scared. 2 (asombrarse)
to be amazed, be astonished.
espanto nm 1 (miedo) fright, dread,
terror. 2 (asombro) astonishment,
amazement. l o c qu espanto! how
awful!
espantoso,-a adj 1 (terrible) frightful,
dreadful. 2 (asombroso) astonishing,
amazing. 3 (desmesurado) dreadful,
terrible.
Espaa nf Spain.
espaol,-la adj Spanish.
P nm & nf (persona) Spaniard.
P nm espaol (idioma) Spanish, Castilian.
esparadrapo nm sticking plaster.
154
esparcir vt 1 (desparramar) to scatter. 2
fig (divulgar) to spread.
P vpr esparcirse 1 (desparramarse) to
scatter, be scattered. 2 fig (divulgarse)
to spread out.
esprrago nm asparagus.
esparto nm esparto grass.
esptula nf 1 (gen) spatula. 2 (de pintor)
palette knife; (de cristalero) putty
knife. 3 tc stripping knife. 4 (ave)
spoonbill.
especia nf spice.
especial adj 1 (gen) special. 2 (remilgado)
fussy ( para, about), finicky ( para,
about): es un poco especial para la comida
she's a bit finicky about food. l o c en
especial especially.
especialidad nf 1 (gen) speciality (us
specialty). 2 educ main subject, spe-
cialized field.
especialista adj specialist.
P nm o nf 1 specialist. 2 cine stand-in;
(hombre) stunt man; (mujer) stunt
woman.
especializacin nf specialization.
especialmente adv 1 (exclusivamente)
specially. 2 (particularmente) especially.
especie nf 1 (de animales, plantas) spe-
cies. 2 (tipo) kind, sort. 3 (tema) mat-
ter, notion, idea; (noticia) piece of
news. l o c en especie in kind: pagar en
especie to pay in kind.
especiero,-a nm & nf grocer.
P nm especiero spice rack.
especificar vt to specify.
especfico,-a adj specific.
P nm especfico (medicamento) specific;
(especialidad) patent medicine. c o m p
peso especfico specific gravity.
espcimen nm specimen.
espectacular adj spectacular.
espectculo nm 1 spectacle, sight. 2
(diversin) entertainment. 3 (TV, radio,
etc) performance, show.
espectador,-ra nm & nf 1 (de deportes)
spectator. 2 (de obra, pelcula) member
of the audience; (de televisin) viewer.
 155
P nm pl espectadores (de obra, pelcula)
audience sing; (de programa televisivo)
viewers.
espectro nm 1 fs spectrum. 2 (fantas-
ma) spectre (us specter), ghost, ap-
parition. 3 fig (persona) ghost. 4 (con-
junto, serie) range.
especulador,-ra adj speculating.
P nm & nf speculator.
especular vt fig (reflexionar) to specu-
late about.
P vi 1 (comerciar) to speculate (en, in);
(en bolsa) to speculate (en, on). 2 (con-
jeturar) to speculate (sobre, about).
espejismo nm 1 mirage. 2 fig mirage,
illusion.
espejo nm 1 mirror. 2 fig (imagen) mir-
ror, reflection.
espeleologa nf potholing, speleolo-
gy.
espelelogo,-a nm & nf potholer,
speleologist.
espeluznante adj hair-raising, terri-
fying, horrifying.
espeluznar vt to horrify, terrify,
make one's hair stand on end.
espera nf 1 wait, waiting. 2 (paciencia)
patience. l o c en espera de... waiting
for.... y estar a la espera to be wait-
ing, be expecting.
esperanza nf hope, expectance. l o c
con la esperanza de... in the hope
of.... y tener muchas esperanzas to
have high hopes. c o m p esperanza de
vida life expectancy.
esperanzador,-ra adj encouraging.
esperanzar vt to give hope to.
P vpr esperanzarse to have hope.
esperar vt 1 (tener esperanza) to hope
for, expect: esperan un milagro they're
hoping for a miracle. 2 (contar, creer) to
expect: no te esperbamos hasta maana
we didn't expect you till tomorrow. 3
(aguardar) to wait for, await: espera un
momento wait a moment. 4 (desear) to
hope: espero verlo I hope to see him. 5
fig (beb) to expect.
P vi to wait: esperar hasta que lleguen
I'll wait until they get here.
espionaje
P vpr esperarse 1 (aguardar) to wait: es
prense en recepcin please wait in recep-
tion. 2 (creer, contar) to expect: se espera
que seas puntual you're expected to be
punctual. 3 (desear) to hope: se espera
que lo hayan pasado bien we hope you've
had a good time.
espermatozoide nm spermatozoon,
sperm.
espesar vt (salsa, etc) to thicken; (tejido,
etc) to make thicker.
espesarse 1 (gen) to get thicker.
E
P vpr
2 (salsa, etc) to thicken.
espeso,-a adj 1 (lquido, sustancia, objeto)
thick. 2 (bosque, niebla) thick, dense. 3
(pasta, masa) stiff. l o c estar espeso,-a
fam not to be able to think straight.
espesor nm thickness.
espesura nf 1 (de lquido, objeto) thick-
ness. 2 (de niebla, etc) denseness. 3 fig
(en bosque) thicket, dense wood.
espa nm o nf spy.
espiar vt to spy on, watch.
espiga nf 1 (gen) spike; (de trigo) ear. 2
(de tejido) herringbone. 3 (clavija) peg,
pin.
espigado,-a adj 1 bot ripe. 2 (en forma
de espiga) ear-shaped. 3 fig (persona)
tall, lanky.
espign nm 1 mar breakwater, jetty. 2
(punta) sharp point, spike.
espina nf 1 (de planta) thorn. 2 (de pez)
fishbone. 3 (columna vertebral) spine,
backbone. 4 fig (pesar) sadness, sor-
row, grief.
espinaca nf spinach.
espinal adj spinal: mdula espinal spinal
marrow.
espinilla nf 1 (de la pierna) shinbone. 2
(grano) blackhead.
espino nm 1 (rbol) hawthorn. 2 (alam-
bre) barbed wire. c o m p espino albar
common hawthorn. y espino negro
blackthorn.
espinoso,-a adj 1 (planta) thorny. 2
(pez) spiny. 3 fig thorny, prickly, dif-
ficult, tricky.
espionaje nm spying, espionage: pel
cula de espionaje spy film.
 espiral
espiral adj spiral: escalera espiral spiral
staircase.
P nf 1 spiral. 2 (de reloj) hairspring.
espirar vt to exhale, breathe out.
P vi to breathe.
espiritismo nm spiritualism.
espiritista adj spiritualistic.
P nm o nf spiritualist.
espritu nm 1 (gen) spirit. 2 (alma) soul,
spirit. 3 (fantasma) ghost, spirit. 4 (lico-
res) spirits pl. 5 fig (idea central) spirit,
essence, soul.
espiritual adj spiritual.
espiritualidad nf spirituality.
esplndido,-a adj 1 (magnfico) splen-
did, magnificent. 2 (generoso) gener-
ous, lavish.
esplendor nm 1 (resplandor) brilliance,
shining. 2 fig (magnificencia) magnifi-
cence, splendour ( us splendor). 3
(auge) glory.
esplendoroso,-a adj 1 (resplandeciente)
brilliant, radiant, shining. 2 (grandio-
so) magnificent, lavish.
espliego nm lavender.
espolear vt 1 to spur on. 2 fig to spur
on, encourage.
espoln nm 1 (de ave) spur. 2 (de caballe-
ra) fetlock. 3 (de nave) ram. 4 (malecn)
sea wall. 5 fam (saban) chilblain.
espolvorear vt 1 (despolvorear) to dust.
2 (esparcir) to powder, sprinkle.
esponja nf 1 sponge. 2 fig (gorrn)
sponger.
esponjar vt (ahuecar) to fluff up; (tierra)
to loosen.
P vpr esponjarse 1 fig (envanecerse) to
swell with pride. 2 fig (fsicamente) to
glow with health.
esponjoso,-a adj (gen) spongy; (bizco-
cho) light.
espontneamente adv spontane-
ously.
espontaneidad nf spontaneity.
espontneo,-a adj 1 (cosa) spontane-
ous; (discurso) impromptu, unpre-
pared. 2 (persona) natural, unaffected.
espora nf spore.
espordicamente adv sporadically.
156
espordico,-a adj sporadic.
esposa nf wife.
esposado,-a adj 1 (casado) married. 2
(con esposas) handcuffed.
esposar vt to handcuff, put hand-
cuffs on.
esposas nf pl handcuffs.
esposo nm husband.
esprint nm sprint.
esprintar vi to sprint.
esprnter nm o nf sprinter.
espuela nf 1 spur. 2 fig spur, stimulus.
espuerta nf two-handled rush basket.
espuma nf 1 (gen) foam; (de jabn) lath-
er; (de cerveza) froth, head; (olas) surf.
2 (impurezas) scum. 3 (tejido) foam.
espumadera nf skimmer.
espumar vt (quitar espuma) to skim.
P vi (hacer espuma - jabn) to lather;
(- cerveza) to froth; (- vino) to sparkle;
(- olas) to foam.
espumilln nm tinsel.
espumoso,-a adj (ola) foamy, frothy;
(jabn) lathery; (vino) sparkling.
esqueje nm cutting.
esquela nf 1 (carta) short letter. 2 (mor-
tuoria) obituary notice.
esqueleto nm 1 anat skeleton. 2
arquit framework.
esquema nm 1 (grfica) diagram. 2
(plan) outline, plan.
esquemtico,-a adj schematic, dia-
grammatic.
esquematizar vt 1 (plan, idea) to out-
line. 2 (plano, etc) to sketch.
esqu nm 1 (tabla) ski. 2 dep skiing.
s pl esqus. c o m p esqu acutico water-
skiing. y esqu alpino alpine skiing. y
esqu nutico water-skiing.
esquiador,-ra nm & nf skier.
esquiar vi to ski.
esquilador,-ra nm & nf sheepshearer.
esquiladora nf shears pl.
esquilar vt 1 (pelo) to clip. 2 (ovejas) to
shear.
esquimal adj Eskimo.
P nm o nf Eskimo.
P nm (idioma) Eskimo.
 157
esquina nf corner.
vt 1 (hacer esquina) to form a corner
with, be on the corner of. 2 (poner en
esquina) to put in a corner.
esquinazo nm corner. l o c dar el esqui
nazo a algn fam to give sb the slip.
esquirla nf splinter.
esquirol nm blackleg, scab.
esquisto nm shale.
esquivar vt 1 (persona) to avoid, shun.
2 (golpe) to dodge, elude.
esquivo,-a adj cold, aloof.
esquizofrenia nf schizophrenia.
esquizofrnico,-a adj schizophrenic.
P nm & nf schizophrenic.
estabilidad nf stability.
estabilizacin nf stabilization.
estabilizar vt to stabilize, make sta-
ble.
P vpr estabilizarse to become stable,
become stabilized.
estable adj stable, steady.
establecer vt 1 (gen) to establish; (fun-
dar) to found, set up. 2 (rcord) to set.
3 (ordenar) to state, lay down, estab-
lish.
P vpr establecerse (en un lugar) to set-
tle; (en un negocio) to set up in busi-
ness.
establecimiento nm 1 (acto) establish-
ment, founding, setting-up. 2 (de
gente) settlement. 3 (local) establish-
ment, shop, store.
establo nm 1 stable, cowshed, stall. 2
fig filthy place, pigsty.
estabular vt to stable.
estaca nf 1 (palo con punta) stake, post;
(para tienda de campaa) peg. 2 (garrote)
stick, cudgel. 3 (rama) cutting. 4 (cla-
vo) spike.
estacada nf (obra) fence, fencing.
estacazo nm blow with a stick.
estacin nf 1 (del ao, temporada) sea-
son. 2 (de tren, radio) station.
estacional adj seasonal.
estacionamiento nm 1 auto (accin)
parking; (lugar) car park, us parking
lot. 2 fig (estancamiento) impasse.
estamento
estacionar vt 1 (colocar) to position,
place. 2 auto to park.
P vpr estacionarse 1 (estancarse) to be
stationary, remain in the same
place. 2 auto to park.
estacionario,-a adj stationary, sta-
ble.
estadio nm 1 (lugar) stadium. 2 (fase)
stage, phase. 3 arc (medida) stadium,
furlong.
estadista nm o nf 1 pol (hombre) states- E
man; (mujer) stateswoman. 2 mat
statistician.
estadstica nf 1 (ciencia) statistics. 2
(dato) statistic, figure.
estadstico,-a adj statistical.
P nm & nf statistician.
estado nm 1 (situacin) state, condi-
tion: su estado es delicado his condition
is delicate. 2 (en orden social) status. 3
hist estate. 4 pol state.
Estados Unidos nm pl The United
States.
estadounidense adj American, from
the United States.
P nm o nf American, person from the
United States.
estafa nf fraud, swindle.
estafador,-ra nm & nf racketeer,
swindler, trickster.
estafar vt to swindle, trick, cheat,
defraud.
estafilococo nm staphylococcus.
estalactita nf stalactite.
estalagmita nm stalagmite.
estallar vi 1 (reventar) to explode,
blow up. 2 (neumtico) to burst; (bom-
ba) to explode, go off; (cristal) to shat-
ter. 3 (volcn) to erupt. 4 (ltigo) to
crack. 5 fig (rebelin, epidemia) to break
out. 6 fig (pasin, sentimientos) to burst:
estallar en lgrimas to burst into tears.
estallido nm 1 (explosin) explosion. 2
(de trueno) crash; (de ltigo) crack. 3 fig
outbreak.
estambre nm 1 cost worsted, wool-
len yarn (us woolen yarn). 2 bot sta-
men.
estamento nm class, stratum.
 estampa
estampa nf 1 (imagen) picture. 2 fig (as-
pecto) appearance, look, aspect.
estampacin nf printing.
estampado,-a adj (gen) patterned,
print; (tela) printed; (metal) stamped.
P nm estampado (tela) print.
estampar vt 1 (imprimir) to print. 2 (me-
tales) to stamp. 3 (dejar huella) to
stamp. l o c estampar la firma to sign.
estampida nf 1 (ruido) bang. 2 (de ani-
males) stampede.
estampilla nf stamp, rubber stamp.
estampita nf religious print.
estancado,-a adj 1 (agua) stagnant. 2
fig (asunto, negocio) at a standstill; (nego-
ciaciones) deadlocked; (persona) stuck,
bogged down.
estancamiento nm 1 stagnation. 2 fig
deadlock, standstill.
estancar vt 1 (aguas) to hold up, hold
back, dam; (flujo) to check. 2 fig (pro-
greso) to check, block, hold up.
P vpr estancarse 1 (lquido) to stagnate,
become stagnant. 2 fig to stagnate,
get bogged down.
estanco,-a adj watertight.
P nm estanco (tienda) tobacconist's.
estndar adj standard, standardized:
modelo estndar standard model; reglas
estndar set rules.
estandarte nm standard, banner.
estanque nm 1 (de peces, etc) pool, pond.
2 (para proveer agua) reservoir, tank.
estanquero,-a nm & nf tobacconist.
estante nm 1 (anaquel) shelf; (para libros)
bookcase. 2 (de mquina) stand.
estantera nf shelving, shelves pl.
estao nm tin.
estar vi 1 (lugar, posicin) to be: estamos
en casa we are at home. 2 (permanecer) to
be, stay: estuvimos all diez das we
stayed there for ten days. 3 (cualidades
transitorias) to be: est cansado he's tired.
4 (una prenda) to suit, be: te est grande
it's too big for you.
P aux 1 estar + gerundio to be: estaban
cantando they were singing. 2 estar a
(precio) to be, sell at; (fecha) to be: esta
mos a 15 de marzo it's the 15th of March. 3
158
estar con (tener) to have; (estar de acuer-
do) to agree with: estoy con Ana I agree
with Ana. 4 estar de (gen) to be; (traba-
jar) to be, be working as; (ir vestido) to
be, be dressed in: estar de vacaciones to
be on holiday; est de uniforme he's in
uniform. 5 estar en (consistir) to be, lie;
(entender) to understand; (creer) to
think, believe; (depender de uno) to be
up to. 6 estar para (estar a punto) to be
about to; (estar acabado) to be fin-
ished, be ready; (estar de humor) to feel
like, be in the mood for. 7 estar por
(no haberse ejecutado) to remain to be;
(estar determinado) to be for; (ir a) to be
going to; (a favor) to be for. 8 estar que
fam to be nearly, be really, be practi-
cally: est que se hunde it's practically ru-
ined. 9 estar sin + inf not to have
been + pp: el coche est sin lavar the car
hasn't been washed, the car still needs
washing.
P vpr estarse (permanecer) to spend,
stay: se estuvo todo el da leyendo she
spent all day reading.
estarcido nm stencil.
estarcir vt to stencil.
estasis nf inv stasis.
estatal adj state.
esttico,-a adj static.
estatua nf statue.
estatuilla nf statuette, figurine.
estatura nf height, stature.
estatuto nm statute. c o m p estatuto de
autonoma statute of autonomy.
este adj 1 east, eastern. 2 (direccin)
easterly; (viento) east, easterly.
P nm 1 east. 2 (viento) east wind.
este,-a adj this; (plural) these: este libro
this book; estas manzanas these apples.
ste,-a pron 1 (cosa) this one: dame ste
give me this one. 2 (hombre - sujeto) he;
(mujer - sujeto) she: sta me lo dijo she told
me. 3 (hombre - complemento) him; (mujer
- complemento) her: se lo dio a ste she
gave it to him. 4 (este ltimo) the latter. 5
pey this one.
. Cuando no se produzca confusin con
el adjetivo se puede omitir el acento.
 159
estela nf 1 (de barco) wake, wash; (de
1
avin) vapour (us vapor) trail; (de come-
ta) tail. 2 fig trail.
estela2 nf (monumento) stela, stele.
estelar adj 1 (sideral) stellar. 2 fig star.
estenordeste nm 1 east-northeast. 2
(viento) east-northeast wind.
estepa1 nf (llanura) steppe.
estepa2 nf (planta) rockrose.
estepario,-a adj steppe, from the
steppes.
ster nm ester.
estera nf rush mat.
estercolero nm 1 dunghill, dung
heap. 2 fig pigsty.
estreo nm stereo.
estereofnico,-a adj stereo, stereo-
phonic.
estereoscopio nm stereoscope.
estereotipado,-a adj fig stereotyped,
standard, set.
estereotipo nm stereotype.
estril adj 1 (tierra) sterile, barren. 2
(hombre) sterile; (mujer) sterile, infer-
tile. 3 (asptico) sterile. 4 fig futile,
useless.
esterilidad nf 1 (de terreno) sterility,
barrenness. 2 (de hombre) sterility; (de
mujer) sterility, infertility. 3 fig futili-
ty, uselessness.
esterilizacin nf sterilization.
esterilizador,-ra nm sterilizer.
esterilizar vt to sterilize.
esterilla nf 1 (felpudo) small mat. 2 (de
caamazo) rush matting, wicker-
work.
esterlina adj sterling.
P nf sterling.
esternocleidomastoideo nm ster-
nocleidomastoid.
esternn nm sternum, breastbone.
estesudeste nm 1 east-southeast. 2
(viento) east-southeast wind.
esteta nm o nf aesthete (us esthete).
esttica nf aesthetics (us esthetics).
estticamente adv aesthetically.
esttico,-a adj aesthetic (us esthetic).
estetoscopio nm stethoscope.
estiramiento
estircol nm dung, manure.
estilete nm 1 (punzn) stylus. 2 (pual)
stiletto. 3 med probe.
estilismo nm stylism.
estilista nm o nf 1 (escritor) stylist. 2 (dise-
ador) stylist, designer.
estilstico,-a adj stylistic.
estilizacin nf stylization.
estilizar vt 1 to stylize. 2 (hacer delgado)
E
to make thinner.
estilo nm 1 (gen) style. 2 (modo) man-
ner, fashion. 3 gram speech. 4 (nata-
cin) stroke.
estilogrfica nf fountain pen.
estima nf esteem, respect.
estimable adj 1 esteemed, reputable,
worthy. 2 (cantidad) considerable.
estimacin nf 1 (afecto) esteem, re-
spect. 2 (valoracin) estimation, evalu-
ation. 3 (clculo) estimate. c o m p propia
estima self-esteem.
estimado,-a adj 1 (apreciado) es-
teemed, respected. 2 (valorado) val-
ued, estimated: el precio estimado the
estimated price.
estimar vt 1 (apreciar) to esteem, re-
spect, hold in esteem, admire. 2 (va-
lorar) to value. 3 (juzgar, creer) to con-
sider, think, reckon.
estimulacin nf stimulation.
estimulante adj stimulating, encour-
aging.
P nm stimulant.
estimular vt 1 (animar) to encourage,
stimulate. 2 (apetito, pasiones) to whet.
estmulo nm 1 stimulus, stimulation.
2 fig encouragement. 3 com incen-
tive.
esto nm summer.
estipendio nm stipend, fee, remu-
neration.
estipular vt to stipulate.
estirado,-a adj 1 fig (en el vestir) stiff,
formal, starchy. 2 fig (orgulloso) stiff,
conceited, haughty.
P nm estirado 1 (textil) drawing. 2 (del
pelo) straightening; (de la piel) lift.
estiramiento nm stretch.
estirar
estirar vt 1 (gen) to stretch. 2 (cuello) to
crane. 3 (medias) to pull up; (falda) to
pull down. 4 fig (dinero) to spin out,
make go further.
P vi (crecer) to shoot up.
P vpr estirarse 1 (crecer) to shoot up. 2
(desperezarse) to stretch.
estirn nm pull, jerk, tug.
estirpe nf stock, lineage, race.
estival adj summer.
esto pron this: esto me gusta I like this.
estocada nf stab, thrust.
estofa nf fig class, type.
estofado nm culin stew.
estofar vt culin to stew.
estoicismo nm stoicism.
estoico,-a adj stoic, stoical.
P nm & nf stoic.
estoma nm stoma.
estomacal adj 1 (del estmago) stomach,
of the stomach. 2 (digestivo) digestive.
P nm (bebida) digestive liqueur.
estmago nm stomach. c o m p dolor de
estmago stomachache.
Estonia nf Estonia.
estonio,-a adj Estonian.
P nm & nf (persona) Estonian.
P nm estonio (idioma) Estonian.
estopa nf 1 (fibra) tow. 2 (tela) burlap.
c o m p estopa de acero steel wool.
estoque nm (espada) sword.
estor nm roller blind.
estorbar vt 1 (dificultar) to hinder, get
in the way; (obstruir) to obstruct,
block, hold up. 2 fig (molestar) to an-
noy, bother, disturb.
P vi (ser obstculo) to be in the way.
estorbo nm 1 (obstculo) obstruction,
obstacle. 2 (molestia) hindrance, en-
cumbrance; (persona) nuisance.
estornino nm starling.
estornudar vi to sneeze.
estornudo nm sneeze.
estos,-as adj these.
. Consulta tambin este,-a.
stos,-as pron these (ones).
. Consulta tambin ste,-a.
160
estrabismo nm strabismus, squint:
tengo estrabismo I have a squint.
estrado nm stage, platform; (tarima)
dais.
P nm pl estrados jur courtrooms.
estrago nm havoc, ruin, ravage.
estragn nm tarragon.
estrangular vt 1 (ahogar) to strangle. 2
med to strangulate. 3 auto to throttle.
estratagema nf 1 mil stratagem. 2
fam fig trick.
estratega nm o nf strategist.
estrategia nf strategy.
estratgicamente adv strategically.
estratgico,-a adj strategic.
estratificar vt to stratify.
P vpr estratificarse to be stratified.
estrato nm 1 geol stratum. 2 (capa)
stratum. 3 (nivel social) stratum, class.
4 (nube) stratus.
estratosfera nf stratosphere.
estraza nf rag, piece of cloth.
estrechamente adv 1 (con estrechez)
narrowly, tightly. 2 fig (con intimidad)
closely, intimately: estn estrechamen
te unidos they're very close.
estrechar vt 1 (carretera) to make nar-
rower. 2 (prenda) to take in. 3 (abrazar)
to squeeze, hug; (mano) to shake: nos
estrechamos las manos we shook hands.
4 fig (obligar) to compel, constrain. 5
fig (relaciones, lazos) to strengthen.
P vpr estrecharse 1 (valle, etc) to nar-
row, become narrower. 2 (apretarse)
to squeeze together, squeeze up. 3
fig (relaciones, etc) to strengthen, get
stronger.
estrechez nf 1 (poco ancho) narrow-
ness. 2 (falta espacio) lack of space. 3
(prendas) tightness. 4 fig (econmica)
want, need. 5 fig (amistad) closeness,
intimacy. 6 fig (apuro) tight spot. l o c
pasar estrecheces fig to be hard up.
estrecho,-a adj 1 (poco ancho) narrow. 2
(ropa) tight; (calzado) tight, small.
3 (habitacin) cramped, poky, small. 4
(sin espacio) packed, jam-packed. 5 fig
(amistad, etc) close, intimate.
P nm estrecho geog strait, straits pl.
 161
estrella nf 1 (gen) star. 2 fig (destino)
destiny, fate.
estrellado,-a adj 1 (cielo) starry, star-
spangled, full of stars. 2 (forma) star-
shaped. 3 (hecho pedazos) smashed,
shattered.
estrellar vt 1 (llenar de estrellas) to cover
with stars. 2 fam (hacer pedazos) to
smash (to pieces), shatter. 3 (frer) to
fry.
P vpr estrellarse 1 (llenarse de estrellas) to
be full of stars. 2 (hacerse pedazos)
to smash, shatter. 3 (chocar) to crash.
estremecedor,-ra adj 1 startling. 2
(grito) bloodcurdling.
estremecer vt 1 (gen) to shake. 2 fig
(asustar) to startle, frighten.
P vpr estremecerse 1 (temblar) to
shake. 2 (de miedo) to tremble, shud-
der; (de fro) to shiver, tremble. 3 fig
to shudder.
estrenar vt 1 (gen) to use for the first
time; (ropa) to wear for the first
time. 2 (obra) to perform for the first
time, give the first performance of;
(pelcula) to release, put on release.
P vpr estrenarse to make one's de-
but.
estreno nm 1 (de algo) first use. 2 (perso-
na) dbut, first appearance. 3 (de
obra) first performance; (de pelcula)
premiere.
estreido,-a adj 1 constipated. 2 fig
mean, stingy.
estreimiento nm constipation.
estreir vt to constipate, make con-
stipated.
P vpr estreirse to become consti-
pated.
estrpito nm 1 din, racket, clatter. 2
fig ostentation, fuss.
estrepitoso,-a adj 1 noisy, clamor-
ous. 2 (ruido) deafening. 3 fig (xito)
resounding; (fracaso) spectacular.
estreptococo nm streptococcus.
estrs nm stress.
estresado,-a adj under stress.
estresante adj stressful.
estructurado
estra nf 1 (ranura) groove. 2 arquit
flute. 3 (en la piel) stretch mark.
estriar vt 1 (hacer ranuras) to groove. 2
arquit to flute. 3 (piel) to give stretch
marks.
P vpr estriarse (piel) to get stretch
marks.
estribillo nm 1 (de poesa) refrain; (de
cancin) chorus. 2 (muletilla) pet
phrase, pet saying.
estribo nm 1 (de jinete) stirrup. 2 (de ca- E
rruaje, tren) step. 3 auto running
board; (de moto) footrest. 4 arquit
buttress; (de puente) pier, support. 5
(del odo) stirrup bone.
estribor nm starboard.
estricto,-a adj strict, rigorous.
estridencia nf 1 (ruido) stridency,
shrillness. 2 (color, etc) loudness, gar-
ishness, gaudiness.
estridente adj 1 (ruido) strident, shrill.
2 (color, etc) loud, garish, gaudy.
estroboscpico,-a adj stroboscopic.
estroboscopio nm stroboscope,
strobe.
estrofa nf stanza, verse.
estrgeno nm oestrogen ( us estro-
gen).
estropajo nm 1 (para fregar) scourer. 2
fig (desecho) useless thing.
estropajoso,-a adj 1 (lengua) furry. 2
(carne, etc) gristly, tough. 3 (pelo)
straw-like.
estropear vt 1 (mquina) to damage,
break, ruin. 2 (cosecha) to spoil, ruin.
3 (plan, etc) to spoil, ruin.
P vpr estropearse 1 (mquina) to break
down. 2 (cosecha) to be spoiled, get
damaged. 3 (plan, etc) to fail, fall
through, go wrong. 4 (comida) to go
bad.
estropicio nm 1 fam (rotura) breakage,
damage; (ruido producido) crash, clat-
ter, smash. 2 fam (desorden) mess; (ja-
leo) fuss, rumpus.
estructura nf 1 (gen) structure. 2 (arma-
zn) frame, framework.
estructurado,-a adj structured, or-
ganized.
estructurar 162
estructurar vt to structure, organize.
P vpr estructurarse to be structured,
be organized.
estruendo nm 1 (ruido) great noise,
din. 2 (confusin) uproar, tumult.
estruendoso,-a adj (ruido) noisy, deaf-
ening; (aplauso) thunderous.
estrujar vt 1 (exprimir) to squeeze. 2
(apretar - alguien) to crush; (- algo) to
screw up. 3 (ropa) to wring. 4 fig (sa-
car partido) to drain, bleed dry.
P vpr estrujarse (apretujarse) to crowd,
throng.
estuario nm estuary.
estucado nm stucco, stucco work.
estucar vt to stucco.
estuche nm 1 (caja) case, box. 2 (conjun-
to) set.
estuco nm stucco.
estudiante nm o nf student.
estudiar vt to study, learn.
P vi to study: estudia para maestro he's
training to be a teacher.
P vpr estudiarse to consider.
estudio nm 1 (gen) study. 2 (apartamen-
to) studio flat (us apartment), bedsit.
P nm pl estudios (conocimientos) studies,
education sing.
estudioso,-a adj studious.
estufa nf (calentador) heater, stove; (de
gas, elctrica) fire.
estupa nf argot (grupo) drug squad.
P nm o nf (oficial) drug-squad officer.
estupefaciente adj stupefying.
P nm drug, narcotic.
estupefacto,-a adj astounded,
dumbfounded, flabbergasted.
estupendamente adv marvellously
(us marvelously), wonderfully.
estupendo,-a adj marvellous ( us
marvelous), wonderful, super.
estupidez nf stupidity, stupid thing.
estpido,-a adj stupid, silly.
P nm & nf berk, idiot.
estupor nm stupor, amazement, as-
tonishment. l o c causar estupor to
astonish.
esturin nm sturgeon.
etapa nf 1 period, stage. 2 (parada)
stop, stage. 3 dep leg, stage.
ter nm qum ether.
etreo,-a adj ethereal.
eternamente adv eternally.
eternidad nf 1 eternity. 2 fam ages pl.
eternizar vt 1 to eternize, eternalize.
2 fam to prolong endlessly.
P vpr eternizarse 1 fam (ser interminable)
to be interminable, be endless; (dis-
cusin) to drag on. 2 fam (tardar mucho)
to take ages.
eterno,-a adj eternal, everlasting,
endless.
tica nf ethics pl, ethic.
ticamente adv ethically.
tico,-a adj ethical.
etlico,-a adj ethylic.
etimologa nf etymology.
etimolgico,-a adj etymological.
etope adj Ethiopian.
P nm o nf (persona) Ethiopian.
P nm etope (idioma) Ethiopian, Ethi-
opic.
Etiopa nf Ethiopia.
etiqueta nf 1 (rtulo) label, tag. 2 (for-
malidad) etiquette, formality, cere-
mony.
etiquetar vt to label, put a label on.
etnia nf ethnic group.
tnico,-a adj ethnic.
etnografa nf ethnography.
etnologa nf ethnology.
etnlogo,-a nm & nf ethnologist.
eucalipto nm eucalyptus.
eufemismo nm euphemism.
euforia nf euphoria, elation.
eufrico,-a adj euphoric, elated.
eunuco nm eunuch.
eureka interj eureka!
euritmia nf eurythmics.
euro nm euro.
euroasitico,-a adj Eurasian.
P nm & nf Eurasian.
eurodiputado,-a nm & nf Member of
the European Parliament, MEP, Eu-
ro MP.
Europa nf Europe.
 163
europesta adj pro-European.
P nm o nf pro-European.
europeo,-a adj European.
P nm & nf European. c o m p Comunidad
Europea European Community. y
Unin Europea European Union.
eurovisin nf Eurovision.
Euskadi nm the Basque Country.
euskera nm (idioma) Basque.
eutanasia nf euthanasia.
evacuacin nf evacuation.
evacuar vt 1 (lugar) to evacuate. 2 anat
to empty.
evadir vt 1 (peligro, respuesta) to avoid;
(responsabilidad) to shirk. 2 (capital, im-
puestos) to evade.
P vpr evadirse (escaparse) to escape.
evaluacin nf 1 evaluation, assess-
ment. 2 educ (accin) assessment;
(examen) exam.
evaluar vt to evaluate, assess.
evanglico,-a adj evangelical.
evangelio nm gospel.
evangelista nm evangelist.
evaporacin nf evaporation.
evaporar vt to evaporate.
P vpr evaporarse 1 to evaporate. 2 fig to
vanish, disappear.
evasin nf 1 (fuga) escape, flight. 2 fig
escape, escapism.
evasivo,-a adj evasive.
eventual adj 1 (casual) chance; (proba-
ble) possible. 2 (trabajo) casual, tem-
porary, provisional. 3 (ingresos, gastos)
incidental.
P nm o nf casual worker, temporary
worker.
eventualidad nf eventuality, contin-
gency.
evidencia nf (claridad) obviousness,
clearness; (certeza) certainty.
evidenciar vt to show, make evident,
prove, make obvious.
evidente adj evident, obvious.
evidentemente adv evidently, obvi-
ously.
evitar vt 1 (gen) to avoid. 2 (impedir) to
prevent, avoid. 3 (ahorrar) to spare,
save.
excavar
evocar vt 1 (recuerdo) to evoke, call up.
2 (recordar) to evoke, bring to mind.
evolucin nf 1 (cambio) evolution; (de-
sarrollo) development. 2 (vuelta) turn.
evolucionar vi 1 (gen) to evolve, de-
velop. 2 (dar vueltas) to turn.
evolucionismo nm evolutionism.
evolutivo,-a adj evolutionary, evolv-
ing.
ex- pref ex-, former: el ex primer ministro
the former prime minister. E
exacerbar vt 1 (agravar) to exacerbate,
aggravate, make worse. 2 (irritar) to
exacerbate, exasperate, irritate.
exactamente adv exactly, precisely.
exactitud nf (fidelidad) exactness; (pre-
cisin) accuracy.
exacto,-a adj 1 (fiel) faithful, true; (pre-
ciso) accurate, exact. 2 (verdad) true:
eso no es exacto that's not true.
exageracin nf exaggeration.
exagerado,-a adj exaggerated.
exagerar vt to exaggerate.
P vi 1 to exaggerate. 2 (abusar) to
overdo it, do too much.
exaltado,-a adj 1 (discusin, etc) heated,
impassioned. 2 (persona) hot-headed,
worked up.
exaltar vt 1 (elevar) to raise, promote.
2 fig (alabar) to exalt, praise, extol.
P vpr exaltarse (excitarse) to get over-
excited, get worked up, get carried
away.
examen nm 1 examination, exam. 2
(estudio) consideration, examination,
study. c o m p examen final final exam-
ination. y examen oral oral examina-
tion.
examinar vt (gen) to examine.
P vpr examinarse to take an exami-
nation, sit an examination.
exasperante adj exasperating.
exasperar vt to exasperate.
P vpr exasperarse to get exasperated.
excavacin nf 1 excavation, digging.
2 (arqueolgica) dig.
excavadora nf (mquina) digger.
excavar vt to excavate, dig.
 excedencia
excedencia nf 1 (de funcionario, etc)
leave. 2 (de profesor) sabbatical leave.
excedente adj (sobrante) excess, sur-
plus.
P nm com surplus, excess.
exceder vt 1 (superar) to excel, sur-
pass. 2 (sobrepasar) to exceed, be in
excess of.
P vpr excederse 1 (pasarse) to overdo
it, go too far. 2 (en atenciones, etc) to be
extremely kind.
excelente adj excellent, first-rate.
excentricidad nf eccentricity.
excntrico,-a adj eccentric.
excepcin nf exception. l o c a excep
cin de with the exception of, ex-
cept for. y de excepcin exceptional.
excepcional adj 1 (extraordinario) excep-
tional, outstanding. 2 (raro) exception-
al, unusual.
excepto adv except (for), apart from,
excepting.
exceptuar vt to except, leave out, ex-
clude.
excesivo,-a adj excessive.
exceso nm 1 excess. 2 com surplus.
c o m p exceso de equipaje excess bag-
gage.
excipiente nm excipient.
excisin nf excision.
excitacin nf 1 (accin) excitation. 2
(sentimiento) excitement.
excitante adj 1 exciting. 2 med stimu-
lating.
excitar vt 1 to excite. 2 (emociones) to
stimulate, arouse.
P vpr excitarse to get excited, get
worked up, get carried away.
exclamacin nf exclamation; (grito)
cry.
exclamar vt to exclaim, cry out.
P vi to exclaim, cry out.
exclamativo,-a adj exclamatory.
exclamatorio,-a adj exclamatory.
excluir vt 1 to exclude, shut out. 2 (re-
chazar) to reject; (descartar) to rule out;
(expulsar) to throw out.
exclusin nf exclusion, shutting out.
164
exclusiva nf 1 com sole right. 2 (pren-
sa) exclusive, scoop.
exclusividad nf exclusiveness, exclu-
sivity.
exclusivo,-a adj exclusive.
excluyente adj exclusive.
excremento nf excrement.
excretor,-ra adj excretory.
exculpar vt 1 to exonerate. 2 jur to
acquit.
excursin nf excursion, trip.
excursionismo nm hiking, rambling.
excursionista nm o nf tripper; (a pie)
hiker, rambler.
excusa nf 1 (pretexto) excuse. 2 (disculpa)
excuse, apology.
excusar vt 1 (justificar) to excuse. 2 (dis-
culpar) to pardon, forgive, excuse.
P vpr excusarse (justificarse) to excuse
os; (disculparse) to apologize.
exencin nf exemption.
exento,-a adj 1 free (de, from), ex-
empt (de, from). 2 (descubierto) open.
exfoliacin nf exfoliation.
exfoliar vt to exfoliate.
P vpr exfoliarse to exfoliate.
exhalacin nf 1 exhalation. 2 (estrella)
shooting star; (rayo) flash of light-
ning.
exhalar vt 1 (gases, vapores, etc) to give
off; (aire) to exhale, breathe out. 2 fig
(suspiros, etc) to heave, let out; (quejas)
to utter.
exhaustivo,-a adj exhaustive, thor-
ough, comprehensive.
exhausto,-a adj exhausted.
exhibicin nf 1 (exposicin) exhibition,
show. 2 cine showing.
exhibicionismo nm exhibitionism.
exhibir vt 1 to exhibit, show, display.
2 (ostentar) to show off.
P vpr exhibirse (ostentar) to show off,
make an exhibition of os.
exhortar vt to exhort.
exhumacin nf exhumation.
exhumar vt 1 to exhume. 2 fig to re-
vive, recall.
 165
exigencia nf 1 demand, exigency. 2
(requisito) requirement.
exigente adj demanding, exacting.
exigir vt 1 (pedir por derecho) to demand.
2 fig (necesitar) to require, call for.
exilado,-a nm & nf exile.
exilio nm exile.
existencia nf (vida) existence, life.
P nf pl existencias stock sing, stocks.
existencial adj existential.
existencialismo nm existentialism.
existencialista adj existentialist.
P nm o nf existentialist.
existente adj 1 existing, existent. 2
com in stock.
existir vi to exist, be.
xito nm success.
exitoso,-a adj successful.
xodo nm exodus.
exogamia nf exogamy.
exorcismo nm exorcism.
exorcista nm o nf exorcist.
exotrico,-a adj exoteric.
extico,-a adj exotic.
exotismo nm exoticism.
expandir vt 1 (dilatar) to expand. 2 fig
(divulgar) to spread.
P vpr expandirse 1 (dilatarse) to ex-
pand. 2 fig (divulgarse) to spread.
expansin nf 1 (dilatacin) expansion.
2 (difusin) spreading. 3 (aumento) ex-
pansion, increase, growth.
expansionista adj expansionist.
expansivo,-a adj 1 (gas, etc) expansive.
2 fig (franco) expansive, open, frank.
expatriar vt to expatriate, banish.
P vpr expatriarse (emigrar) to emigrate,
become an expatriate; (exilarse) to go
into exile.
expectativa nf 1 (esperanza) expecta-
tion, hope. 2 (posibilidad) prospect.
expectoracin nf 1 (accin) expectora-
tion. 2 (flema) sputum, phlegm.
expectorar vt to expectorate.
P vi to expectorate.
expedicin nf 1 (gen) expedition. 2
(grupo de personas) expedition, party.
explicacin
3 (accin de expedir) dispatch, shipping;
(remesa) shipment.
expedientar vt to take disciplinary
action against, open a file on.
expediente nm 1 jur proceedings pl,
action: expediente judicial legal proceed-
ings. 2 (informe) dossier, record; (ficha)
file. 3 (recurso) expedient.
expedir vt 1 (mercancas) to send, dis-
patch, ship; (correo) to send, dis-
patch. 2 (pasaporte, ttulo) to issue. 3
(contrato, documento) to draw up.
E
expeditivamente adv expeditiously.
expeditivo,-a adj expeditious.
expendedor,-ra adj selling, retailing,
retail.
P nm & nf dealer, retailer, seller.
expender vt 1 (gastar) to spend. 2 (ven-
der) to sell. 3 (vender al menudeo) to re-
tail, sell.
expensas nf pl expenses, charges,
costs.
experiencia nf 1 (gen) experience. 2
(experimento) experiment.
experimentacin nf experimenta-
tion, experimenting, testing.
experimentado,-a adj 1 (persona) ex-
perienced. 2 (mtodo) tested, tried.
experimental adj experimental.
experimentar vt 1 (hacer experimentos)
to experiment, test. 2 (probar) to test,
try out. 3 (sentir, notar) to experience,
feel; (- cambio) to undergo; (- aumento)
to show; (- prdida, derrota) to suffer.
experimento nm experiment, test.
experto,-a adj expert.
P nm & nf expert.
expiar vt to expiate, atone for.
expirar vi to expire.
explanada nf esplanade.
explayar vt fml (extender) to extend,
spread out.
P vpr explayarse (dilatarse al hablar) to
dwell (en, on), talk at length (en,
about).
explicable adj explicable, explaina-
ble.
explicacin nf 1 explanation. 2 (moti-
vo) reason.
explicar
explicar vt 1 (gen) to explain, ex-
pound, tell. 2 (justificar) to justify.
P vpr explicarse (expresarse) to explain
os, make os understood, make os
clear.
explicativo,-a adj explanatory.
explcito,-a adj explicit.
exploracin nf 1 (gen) exploration. 2
tc scanning. 3 mil reconnaissance.
explorador,-ra nm & nf 1 (persona) ex-
plorer. 2 (nio) boy scout; (nia) girl
guide, us girl scout.
explorar vt 1 (gen) to explore. 2 med to
probe. 3 mil to reconnoitre. 4 tc
to scan. 5 (de mina) to drill, prospect.
exploratorio,-a adj 1 exploratory. 2
med exploratory, probing.
explosin nf 1 explosion, blast,
blowing up. 2 fig outburst.
explosionar vt to explode.
P vi to explode, blow up.
explosiva nf ling plosive.
explosivo,-a adj 1 explosive. 2 ling
plosive.
P nm explosivo explosive.
explotacin nf 1 (gen) exploitation. 2
(de terreno) cultivation, farming. 3 (de
industria) running, operating. 4 (de re-
cursos) tapping, exploitation.
explotador,-ra nm & nf pey exploiter.
explotar vt 1 (sacar provecho) to exploit;
(mina) to work; (tierra) to cultivate; (in-
dustria) to operate, run; (recursos) to
tap, exploit.
P vi (explosionar) to explode, blow up.
expoliacin nf plundering, pillaging,
despoiling.
expoliar vt to plunder, pillage, de-
spoil.
expolio nm 1 (accin) plundering, pil-
laging, despoiling. 2 (botn) loot, boo-
ty.
exponencial adj exponential.
exponente adj exponent, expound-
ing.
P nm 1 mat index, exponent. 2 (prototi-
po) exponent.
exponer vt 1 (explicar) to expound, ex-
plain; (propuesta) to put forward; (he-
166
chos) to state, set out. 2 (mostrar) to
show, exhibit; (mercancas) to display.
3 (arriesgar) to expose, risk, endanger.
P vpr exponerse (arriesgarse) to expose
os (a, to), run the risk (a, of).
exportable adj exportable, for ex-
portation.
exportacin nf export, exportation.
exportador,-ra adj exporting.
P nm & nf exporter.
exportar vt to export.
exposicin nf 1 (de arte) exhibition,
show; (de mercancas) display. 2 (expli-
cacin) account, explanation; (hechos,
ideas) expos. 3 (al sol, etc) exposure.
expositivo,-a adj explanatory.
exprs adj 1 (tren) express. 2 (caf) ex-
presso. 3 (olla) pressure.
expresar vt 1 (gen) to express. 2 (mani-
festar) to state; (comunicar) to convey.
P vpr expresarse to express os.
expresin nf expression.
expresionismo nm expressionism.
expresionista adj expressionist.
P nm o nf expressionist.
expresividad nf expressivity.
expresivo,-a adj 1 (elocuente) expres-
sive. 2 (mirada) meaningful; (silencio)
eloquent.
expreso,-a adj (especificado) express.
exprimidor nm lemon squeezer, us
juicer.
exprimir vt (fruto) to squeeze; (zumo) to
squeeze out.
expropiacin nf expropriation.
expropiar vt to expropriate.
expuesto,-a adj (peligroso) dangerous,
risky; (sin proteccin) exposed.
expulsar vt 1 (expeler) to expel, eject,
throw out; (humo, etc) to belch out. 2
dep to send off.
expulsin nf 1 expulsion, ejection. 2
dep sending off. 3 (alumno) expulsion.
expurgar vt 1 to expurgate. 2 fig to
purge.
exquisitez nf 1 exquisiteness. 2 (man-
jar) delicacy.
 167
exquisito,-a adj 1 (gen) exquisite. 2
(gusto) refined; (sabor) delicious, ex-
quisite.
extasiado,-a adj ecstatic.
extasiar vt to enrapture.
P vpr extasiarse to go into ecstasies,
go into raptures.
xtasis nm inv ecstasy, rapture.
exttico,-a adj extatic.
extender vt 1 (mapa, papel) to spread
(out), open (out). 2 (brazo, etc) to
stretch (out); (alas) to spread. 3 (man-
tequilla, etc) to spread. 4 (documento) to
draw up; (cheque) to make out; (pasa-
porte, certificado) to issue.
P vpr extenderse 1 (durar) to extend,
last. 2 (terreno) to stretch. 3 fig (difun-
dirse) to spread, extend.
extendido,-a adj 1 (difundido) wide-
spread. 2 (mano, etc) outstretched.
extensible adj extendable.
extensin nf 1 (gen) extension. 2 (di-
mensin) extent, size; (superficie) area,
expanse. 3 (duracin) duration,
length.
extensivo,-a adj extendable, exten-
sive.
extenso,-a adj 1 (amplio) extensive,
vast; (grande) large. 2 (largo) lengthy,
long.
extenuado,-a adj 1 (agotado) exhaust-
ed. 2 (dbil) weak. 3 (flaco) emaciated.
extenuante adj exhausting.
extenuar vt 1 (agotar) to exhaust. 2 (de-
bilitar) to weaken.
P vpr extenuarse (agotarse) to exhaust
os, wear os out.
exterior adj 1 (gen) exterior, outer, ex-
ternal. 2 (ventana, puerta) outside; (pa-
red) outer. 3 (aspecto) outward. 4 (ex-
tranjero) foreign.
P nm 1 (superficie externa) exterior, out-
side. 2 (extranjero) abroad, overseas. 3
(de una persona) appearance. 4 dep out-
side.
P nm pl exteriores cine location shots.
exteriorizacin nf manifestation,
externalization.
extraditar
exteriorizar vt to show, reveal, ex-
press outwardly.
exterminacin nf (supresin) extermi-
nation, wiping out; (destruccin) de-
struction.
exterminador,-ra adj exterminating.
P nm & nf exterminator.
exterminar vt (suprimir) to extermi-
nate, wipe out; (destruir) to destroy.
exterminio nm extermination, wip-
ing out; (destruccin) destruction. E
externado nm day school.
externo,-a adj 1 external, outward:
parte externa outside. 2 (alumno) day.
extincin nf extinction.
extinguir vt 1 (fuego, etc) to extinguish,
put out. 2 (especie, deuda, epidemia) to
wipe out.
P vpr extinguirse 1 (fuego, etc) to go
out. 2 (especie, etc) to become extinct,
die out. 3 (plazo) to expire, run out.
extintor nm fire extinguisher.
extirpacin nf 1 med removal, extrac-
tion. 2 fig eradication, wiping out,
stamping out.
extirpar vt 1 med to remove, extract.
2 fig to eradicate, wipe out, stamp
out.
extorsin nf 1 (usurpacin) extortion. 2
fig (molestia) inconvenience, trouble.
extorsionar vt 1 (usurpar) to extort,
exact. 2 fig (molestar) to inconven-
ience, cause inconvenience to.
extra adj 1 fam extra. 2 fam (superior)
top-quality, best-quality. 3 (paga)
bonus.
P nm 1 fam (gasto) additional expense.
2 fam (plus) bonus.
extraccin nf 1 (gen) extraction; (de lo-
tera) draw. 2 (origen) descent, extrac-
tion. c o m p extraccin de datos inform
data retrieval.
extracto nm 1 (sustancia) extract. 2 (tro-
zo) extract, excerpt. 3 (resumen) sum-
mary.
extractor nm extractor.
extradicin nf extradition.
extraditar vt to extradite.
extraer
extraer vt 1 (gen) to extract. 2 (conclu-
sin) to draw.
extraescolar adj out of school, extra-
curricular. c o m p actividades extraesco
lares extracurricular activities.
extrafino,-a adj superfine, best qual-
ity.
extralargo,-a adj king-size.
extralimitarse vpr fig to go too far,
overstep.
extranjero,-a adj foreign, alien.
P nm & nf foreigner.
P nm extranjero foreign countries pl,
abroad.
extraar vt 1 (sorprender) to surprise. 2
(notar extrao) to find strange, not to
be used to.
P vpr extraarse 1 (desterrarse) to go in-
to exile. 2 (sorprenderse) to be sur-
prised (de/por, at).
extrao,-a adj 1 (no conocido) alien, for-
eign. 2 (particular) strange, peculiar,
odd, funny.
extraordinaria nf (paga) bonus pay-
ment.
extraordinariamente adv extraordi-
narily, unusually.
extraordinario,-a adj 1 (fuera de lo co-
mn) extraordinary, unusual; (sorpren-
dente) surprising; (admirable) outstand-
ing, exceptional. 2 (raro) queer, odd.
3 (gastos, etc) additional, extra; (paga)
bonus. 4 (revista, etc) special.
P nm extraordinario 1 (correo) special
delivery. 2 (revista, etc) special issue.
extraplano,-a adj slimline.
extrapolar vt to extrapolate.
extrarradio nm outskirts pl, suburbs pl.
168
extraterrestre adj extramundane,
extraterrestrial.
P nm o nf alien.
extravagancia nf extravagance, ec-
centricity.
extravagante adj extravagant outra-
geous.
extraviado,-a adj 1 (disoluto) dissolute.
2 (perdido - persona, objeto) missing, lost;
(- perro, nio) stray.
extraviar vt 1 (persona) to mislead. 2
(objeto) to mislay, lose.
P vpr extraviarse 1 (persona) to get lost,
lose one's way. 2 (objeto) to get mis-
laid.
extravo nm (persona) misleading; (cosa)
loss, mislaying.
extremado,-a adj extreme.
extremar vt to carry to extremes,
carry to the limit, overdo.
P vpr extremarse to do one's best, do
one's utmost, take great pains.
extremidad nf 1 (parte extrema) ex-
tremity; (punta) end, tip. 2 anat limb,
extremity.
extremismo nm extremism.
extremista adj extremist.
P nm o nf extremist.
extremo,-a adj 1 (exagerado) extreme.
2 (distante) further. 3 fig (intenso) ut-
most.
P nm extremo 1 (punta) extreme, end.
2 (asunto, materia) matter, question. 3
dep wing.
extrnseco,-a adj extrinsic.
extrovertido,-a adj extroverted.
P nm & nf extrovert.
exuberante adj 1 exuberant. 2 (vegeta-
cin) lush, abundant.

169
F, f nf (la letra) F, f.
F sm (Fahrenheit) Fahrenheit; (smbolo) F.
fa nm F.
fabada nf bean stew including pork
sausage and bacon.
fbrica nf 1 (industria) factory, plant. 2
(fabricacin) manufacture.
fabricacin nf manufacture, produc-
tion, making.
fabricante nm o nf manufacturer,
maker.
fabricar vt 1 (producir) to make, manu-
facture, produce. 2 fig (inventar) to fab-
ricate, invent.
fbula nf 1 lit fable. 2 (mito) myth, leg-
end. 3 (mentira) invention.
fabular vt 1 (contar fbulas) to fable. 2
(imaginar) to imagine.
fabuloso,-a adj 1 (fantstico) fabulous,
fantastic. 2 lit fabulous, mythical.
faceta nf facet.
fachada nf 1 arquit faade, front. 2
fam (apariencia) outward show.
facial adj facial.
fcil adj 1 easy. 2 (probable) probable,
likely.
facilidad nf 1 (simplicidad) ease, facility.
2 (aptitud) talent, gift: tiene facilidad pa
ra la msica he has a gift for music. c o m p
facilidad de palabra fluency.
P nf pl facilidades (medios que facilitan) fa-
cilities.
facilitar vt 1 (simplificar) to make easy,
make easier, facilitate. 2 (proporcionar)
to provide with, supply with.
factor nm (gen) factor.
factora nf 1 com trading post. 2 (fbri-
ca) factory, mill.
factura nf invoice, bill.
F
facturacin nf 1 com invoicing. 2 (de
equipajes) registration, check-in.
facturar vt 1 com to invoice, charge
for. 2 (equipaje) to register, check in.
facultad nf 1 (capacidad) faculty, abili-
ty. 2 (poder) faculty, power. 3 (universi-
taria) faculty, school.
faena nf 1 (tarea) task, job. 2 fam (mala
pasada) dirty trick.
fagocito nm phagocyte.
fagot nm (instrumento) bassoon.
P nm o nf (msico) bassoonist.
faisn nm pheasant.
faja nf 1 (cinturn) band, belt. 2 (ropa in-
terior) corset, girdle.
fajo nm bundle; (de billetes) wad.
falda nf 1 (prenda) skirt. 2 (regazo) lap. 3
(ladera) slope. 4 (corte de carne) brisket.
faldn nm 1 (de traje) coat-tail; (de cami-
sa) shirt-tail. 2 (prenda de beb) wrapa-
round skirt. 3 (de tejado) gable.
falible adj fallible.
falla nf 1 (defecto) defect, fault. 2 geog
fault.
fallar vi 1 (premio) to award a prize. 2
(fracasar, no funcionar) to fail. 3 (puntera)
to miss; (plan) to go wrong.
P vt (premio) to award.
fallecer vi fml to pass away, die.
fallo nm 1 (en concurso) decision. 2 (error)
mistake, blunder; (fracaso) failure. 4
(defecto) fault, defect.
falsear vt (falsificar) to counterfeit,
forge.
falsedad nf 1 (hipocresa) falseness, hy-
pocrisy. 2 (mentira) falsehood, lie.
falsete nm falsetto.
falsificador,-ra adj (de firma, cuadro)
forging; (de dinero) counterfeiting.
 falsificar
P nm & nf (de firma, cuadro) forger; (de di-
nero) counterfeiter.
falsificar vt 1 (gen) to falsify. 2 (firma,
cuadro) to forge; (dinero) to counter-
feit, forge.
falso,-a adj 1 (no verdadero) false, un-
true. 2 (moneda) false, counterfeit. 3
(persona) insincere, false.
falta nf 1 (carencia) lack: falta de sensibili
dad lack of sensitivity. 2 (escasez) short-
age: existe una falta de agua there is a
water shortage. 3 (ausencia) absence. 4
(error) mistake: has hecho una falta de or
tografa you've made a spelling mistake.
5 (defecto) fault, defect. 6 dep (ftbol)
foul; (tenis) fault. l o c echar en falta to
miss. y sin falta without fail.
faltar vi 1 (haber poco) to be lacking, be
needed: falta (ms) leche we need (more)
milk. 2 (no tener) to lack, not have
(enough). 3 (quedar) to remain, be
left: falta poco para que... it won't be long
till...
falto,-a l o c estar falto,-a de to lack,
be short of, be without: estamos fal
tos de dinero we're short of money.
fama nf (renombre) fame, renown.
famlico,-a adj starving, famished.
familia nf 1 family. 2 (prole) children
pl, family.
familiar adj 1 (de la familia) family, of
the family. 2 (conocido) familiar, well-
known. 3 ling colloquial.
P nm o nf relation, relative.
familiaridad nf familiarity.
familiarizar vt to familiarize ( con,
with), make familiar (con, with).
P vpr familiarizarse to get to know:
familiarzate con el teclado get to know
the keyboard.
familiarmente adv familiarly.
famoso,-a adj famous, well-known.
fan nm o nf fan, admirer. l o c ser un,-a
fan de algo to be mad about sth.
fantico,-a adj fanatic, fanatical.
fanatismo nm fanaticism.
fanergamo,-a adj phanerogamic,
phanerogamous.
fanfarrn,-ona adj fam swanky.
170
fanfarronear vi fam (chulear) to show
off, swank.
fango nm (barro) mud, mire.
fantasear vi 1 (forjar en la imaginacin) to
daydream, dream. 2 (presumir) to
boast, show off.
P vt (imaginar) dream.
fantasa nf 1 fantasy. 2 fancy.
fantasioso,-a adj imaginative.
fantasma nm 1 (espectro) phantom,
ghost. 2 fam (fanfarrn) braggart,
show-off.
fantasmal adj ghostly.
fantstico,-a adj 1 fantastic. 2 (estu-
pendo) wonderful.
fantoche nm 1 (ttere) puppet, mario-
nette. 2 pey (fanfarrn) braggart.
faquir nm fakir.
faradio nm farad.
farndula nf 1 (compaa de teatro) group
of strolling players. 2 (profesin, mundo
del teatro) acting, the stage.
faran nm Pharaoh.
faranico,-a adj Pharaonic.
fardar vi argot (presumir) to show off,
swank.
fardo nm (paquete) bundle, pack.
fardn,-ona adj argot classy, flash.
farero,-a nm & nf lighthouse keeper.
faringe nf pharynx.
faringitis nf inv pharyngitis.
farmacutico,-a adj pharmaceutical.
P nm & nf pharmacist.
farmacia nf 1 (estudios) pharmacy. 2
(tienda) chemist's (shop), us drug-
store, pharmacy.
frmaco nm medicine, medication.
farmacologa nf pharmacology.
faro nm 1 (torre) lighthouse, beacon. 2
(coche) headlight. 3 fig (gua) guiding
light, guide.
farol nm 1 (farola) streetlamp, streetlight.
2 argot (fardada) bragging, swank.
farola nf streetlight, streetlamp; (de
gas) gas lamp.
farolero,-a adj fam boastful.
P nm & nf fam (fanfarrn) show-off.
P nm farolero (de profesin) lamplighter.
 171
farolillo nm 1 (farol de papel) Chinese
lantern. 2 bot Canterbury bell.
farra nf fam binge, spree.
farruco,-a adj fam conceited, cocky.
farsa nf teat farce.
farsante adj lying, deceitful.
fascculo nm instalment (us install-
ment), fascicule, fascicle.
fascinacin nf fascination.
fascinante adj fascinating.
fascinar vt to fascinate, captivate.
fascismo nm fascism.
fascista adj fascist.
fase nf (etapa) phase, stage.
fastidiado,-a adj 1 (hastiado) sickened,
disgusted. 2 (molesto) annoyed. 3 fam
(estropeado) ruined, spoilt. 4 fam (mal
de salud) ill, sick, in a bad way.
fastidiar vt 1 (hastiar) to sicken, disgust.
2 (molestar) to annoy, bother. 3 (partes
del cuerpo) to hurt: le fastidia el estmago
he's got a bad stomach. 4 fam (estropear)
to damage, ruin; (planes) to spoil.
P vpr fastidiarse 1 (aguantarse) to put up
with, grin and bear it. 2 fam (estropear-
se) to go wrong, break down: se ha
fastidiado la tele the telly has gone wrong.
fastidio nm 1 (molestia) bother, nui-
sance. 2 (aburrimiento) boredom.
fastidioso,-a adj 1 (molesto) annoying,
irksome. 2 (aburrido) boring, tedious.
fastuoso,-a adj 1 (cosa) splendid, lav-
ish. 2 (persona) lavish, ostentatious.
fatal adj 1 (inexorable) fateful. 2 (mortal)
deadly, fatal.
P adv fam awfully, terribly.
fatalidad nf 1 (destino) fate. 2 (desgracia)
misfortune.
fatalismo nm fatalism.
fatalista adj fatalistic.
fatdico,-a adj (desastroso) disastrous,
calamitous.
fatiga nf (cansancio) fatigue.
fatigar vt 1 (cansar) to wear out, tire. 2
(molestar) to annoy.
fatigoso,-a adj (cansado) tiring, ex-
hausting.
fauces nf pl (en anatoma) gullet sing.
felizmente
fauna nf fauna.
fauvismo nm fauvism.
fauvista nm o nf fauvist.
favor nm favour (us favor). l o c a favor
de in favour (us favor) of. y hacer un
favor to do a favour (us favor). y por
favor please.
favorable adj favourable (us favora-
ble). l o c mostrarse favorable a algo to
be in favour (us favor) of sth.
favorecer vt 1 (ayudar) to favour (us
favor), help. 2 (agraciar) suit: el azul no
me favorece blue doesn't suit me.
favoritismo nm favouritism (us fa-
F
voritism).
favorito,-a adj favourite (us favorite).
fax nm (sistema, documento) fax.
fe nf faith.
fealdad nf ugliness.
febrero nm February.
. Para ejemplos de uso consulta marzo.
febril adj med feverish.
fecha nf 1 date: qu fecha es hoy? what's
the date today? 2 (da) day. l o c fijar la
fecha to fix a date. c o m p fecha de naci
miento date of birth.
P nf pl fechas (poca) time sing: por esas fe
chas at that time.
fcula nf starch.
fecundacin nf fertilization.
fecundar vt to fertilize.
fecundidad nf (fertilidad) fertility.
federacin nf federation.
federal adj federal.
federalismo nm federalism.
federalista adj federalist.
federar vt to federate.
feldespato nm feldspar, felspar.
felicidad nf happiness. l o c (muchas)
felicidades! 1 (xitos) congratulations!
2 (cumpleaos) happy birthday!
felicitacin nf 1 (accin) congratula-
tion. 2 (tarjeta) greetings card.
felicitar vt to congratulate (por, on).
felino,-a adj feline.
feliz adj happy.
felizmente adv (con felicidad) happily.
 felpa
felpa nf plush.
felpudo,-a adj (textil) plushy, velvety.
femenino,-a adj 1 feminine. 2 (sexo)
female; (equipo, asociacin) women's.
feminidad nf femininity.
feminismo nm feminism.
feminista adj feminist.
femoral adj femoral.
fmur nm femur.
fenomenal adj fam (fantstico) great,
terrific.
P adv wonderfully, marvellously.
fenmeno nm phenomenon.
P adj fam (fantstico) fantastic, terrific.
fenotipo nm phenotype.
feo,-a adj 1 (persona - nada atractiva) ug-
ly; (- poco atractiva) plain. 2 (aspecto, si-
tuacin, tiempo, etc) nasty, horrible, un-
pleasant, awful.
fretro nm coffin.
feria nf 1 com fair. 2 (fiesta) fair.
fermentacin nf fermentation.
fermentar vi to ferment.
fermento nm ferment.
ferocidad nf ferocity, fierceness.
feroz adj fierce, ferocious.
ferretera nf ironmonger's.
ferretero,-a nm & nf ironmonger.
frrico,-a adj ferric.
ferrocarril nm railway, us railroad.
ferroviario,-a adj railway.
frtil adj fertile, rich.
fertilidad nf fertility, fecundity.
fertilizacin nf fertilization.
fertilizante adj fertilizing.
P nm (abono) fertilizer.
fertilizar vt to fertilize.
ferviente adj fervent, passionate.
fervor nm fervour (us fervor).
festejar vt (celebrar) to celebrate.
festejo nm feast, entertainment.
festival nm festival.
festividad nf 1 (fiesta) festivity, cele-
bration. 2 (da) feast day, holiday.
festivo,-a adj 1 (alegre) festive, merry.
2 (humorstico) witty.
ftido,-a adj stinking, fetid.
172
feto nm foetus (us fetus).
feudal adj feudal.
feudalismo nm feudalism.
feudo nm fief, feud.
fiable adj reliable, trustworthy.
fiambre nm 1 culin cold meat, cold
cut. 2 fam (cadver) stiff, corpse.
fiambrera nf lunch box.
fianza nf (depsito) deposit.
fiar vt 1 (vender) to sell on credit. 2 (con-
fiar) to confide, entrust. l o c de fiar
trustworthy, reliable.
P vpr fiarse (confiarse) to trust (de, -).
fibra nf fibre (us fiber). c o m p fibra pti
ca optical fibre (us fiber).
fibroso,-a adj fibrous.
ficcin nf fiction.
ficha nf 1 (tarjeta) index card, file card.
2 (de telfono) token. 3 (en juegos) coun-
ter; (naipes) chip; (ajedrez) piece, man;
(domin) domino.
fichaje nm signing (up).
fichar vt 1 (anotar) to put on an index
card; (registrar) to open a file on. 2 dep
to sign up, sign on.
P vi dep to sign up (por, with): final
mente fich por el Barcelona he finally
signed up with Barcelona F.C.
fichero nm 1 (archivo) card index. 2 (mue-
ble) filing cabinet, file. 3 inform file.
ficticio,-a adj fictitious.
ficus nm inv rubber plant.
fidelidad nf 1 (lealtad) fidelity, faith-
fulness. 2 (exactitud) accuracy. c o m p
alta fidelidad high fidelity, hi-fi.
fideo nm noodle.
fiebre nf (enfermedad) fever, tempera-
ture. l o c tener fiebre to have a tem-
perature.
fiel adj 1 (leal) faithful, loyal. 2 (exacto)
accurate.
fieltro nm felt.
fiera nf wild animal, wild beast.
fiero,-a adj wild, fierce, ferocious.
fiesta nf 1 (da no laborable) holiday: el
viernes es fiesta Friday's a holiday. 2 (reu-
nin) party.
P nf pl fiestas festivity, fiesta.
 173
figura nf 1 (gen) figure. 2 (forma) shape.
figurar vi 1 (encontrarse) to appear, be,
figure: figura como director he appears as
director. 2 (destacar) to stand out, be
important.
P vpr figurarse (imaginarse) to imagine,
suppose.
fijador,-ra nm (para pelo) hairspray,
hair gel.
fijar vt (sujetar) to fix, fasten; (puerta) to
hang; (ventana) to put in.
P vpr fijarse 1 (darse cuenta) to notice. 2
(poner atencin) to pay attention,
watch: fjate cmo se hace watch how
it's done.
fijo,-a adj 1 (sujeto) fixed, fastened. 2
(establecido) set, definite, firm: fecha fi
ja set date. 3 (firme) steady, stable,
firm. 4 (permanente) permanent.
fila nf (lnea) file, line, row.
P nf pl filas (de ejrcito, partido) ranks.
filamento nm filament.
filete nm (de carne, pescado) fillet (us fi-
let).
Filipinas nf pl las Filipinas the Philip-
pines.
filipino,-a adj Filipino.
P nm & nf (persona) Filipino.
P nm filipino (idioma) Filipino.
film nm film, us movie.
filmar vt to film, shoot.
filmina nf slide, transparency.
filmoteca nf film institute.
filo nm cutting edge, edge.
filo- pref philo-.
filologa nf philology.
fillogo,-a nm & nf philologist.
filn nm (mineral) seam, vein.
filosofar vi to philosophize.
filosofa nf philosophy.
filsofo,-a nm & nf philosopher.
filoxera nf phylloxera.
filtrar vt to filter, to leak.
P vpr filtrarse (pasar a travs) to filter.
filtro nm (material) filter.
fin nm 1 (final) end. 2 (objetivo) purpose,
aim. l o c a fin de in order to, so as to.
y a fin de que so that. y en fin anyway.
c o m p fin de semana weekend.
fiyiano
final adj (ltimo) final, last.
P nm end. comp final feliz happy end-
ing.
P nf dep final.
finalidad nf purpose, aim.
finalista nm o nf finalist.
finalizar vt to end, finish.
P vi to end, finish.
financiacin nf financing.
financiar vt to finance.
finanzas nf pl finances.
finca nf property, estate. c o m p finca
F
rstica country property.
fingir vt to feign, pretend: fingi indife
rencia he feigned indifference.
finito,-a adj finite.
finlands,-esa adj Finnish.
P nm & nf (persona) Finn.
P nm finlands (idioma) Finnish.
Finlandia nf Finland.
fino,-a adj 1 (delicado) fine, delicate. 2 (del-
gado) thin. 3 (educado) refined, polite.
fiordo nm fiord, fjord.
firma nf 1 (acto) signing. 2 (empresa) firm.
firmamento nm firmament.
firmar vt to sign.
firme adj (estable) firm, steady.
firmeza nf firmness, steadiness.
fiscal adj fiscal, tax.
P nm o nf jur public prosecutor, us dis-
trict attorney.
fisco nm exchequer, us treasury.
fisgar vt fam to pry, snoop.
fisgn,-ona adj snooper, busybody.
fisgonear vt to pry, snoop.
fsica nf physics.
fsico,-a adj physical.
P nm & nf (profesin) physicist.
P nm fsico (aspecto) physique.
fisioterapeuta nm o nf physiotherapist.
fisioterapia nf physiotherapy.
fisonoma nf appearance.
fisura nf fissure.
fito- pref phyto-.
Fiyi nm Fiji.
fiyiano,-a adj Fijian.
P nm & nf (persona) Fijian.
P nm fiyiano (idioma) Fijian.
 flccido
flccido,-a adj flaccid, flabby.
flaco,-a adj 1 (delgado) thin, skinny. 2
(dbil) weak, frail.
flagelo nm 1 whip. 2 biol flagellum.
flamenco,-a adj 1 (gitano) Andalusian
gypsy. 2 (msica) flamenco.
P nm flamenco 1 (idioma) Flemish. 2 (m-
sica) flamenco music. 3 (ave) flamingo.
flan nm (dulce) crme caramel. l o c estar
como un flan to be shaking like a leaf.
flanco nm flank, side.
flanera nf mould (us mold).
flaquear vi to weaken, give in, to fail.
flaqueza nf weakness, frailty.
flash nm flash, flashlight.
flato nm (gas) belch; (punzada) sharp
pain, stitch.
flauta nf flute.
flautista nm o nf flute player.
flecha nf arrow.
flechazo nm fig (enamoramiento) love at
first sight.
fleco nm (adorno) fringe.
flema nf phlegm.
flequillo nm fringe, us bangs pl.
flexibilidad nf flexibility.
flexible adj flexible.
flexionar vt (cuerpo) to bend.
flexo nm adjustable table lamp.
flirtear vi to flirt.
flojear vi 1 (disminuir) to go down. 2
(debilitarse) to weaken, grow weak.
flojera nf fam 1 (debilidad) weakness,
faintness. 2 (pereza) laziness.
flojo,-a adj 1 (suelto) loose; (no tensado)
slack. 2 (dbil) weak. 3 (mediocre) poor:
es un estudiante flojo he's a poor student.
4 (perezoso) lazy.
flor nf bot flower, bloom. l o c en flor
in bloom.
florecer vi 1 (plantas) to flower,
bloom; (rboles) to blossom. 2 (prospe-
rar) to flourish, thrive.
floreciente adj prosperous.
florera nf florist's (shop).
florero nm vase.
florista nm o nf florist.
floristera nf florist's (shop).
174
flota nf fleet.
flotador nm (de nio) rubber ring.
flotar vi to float.
flote l o c a flote afloat.
fluctuar vi (variar) to fluctuate.
fluido,-a adj (sin obstculos) fluid.
P nm fluido fs fluid. c o m p fluido elc
trico current, power.
fluir vi to flow.
flor nm fluorine.
fluorescente adj fluorescent.
P nm fluorescent light.
fluvial adj fluvial, river.
fobia nf phobia.
foca nf seal.
foco nm 1 (en fsica) focus. 2 (lmpara)
spotlight, floodlight.
fofo,-a adj flabby.
fogata nf bonfire.
fogn nm (de cocina) kitchen range,
stove.
fogueo l o c de fogueo blank.
folclore nm folklore.
folclrico,-a adj folkloric, popular.
folio nm folio, leaf.
folk nm folk music.
folleto nm pamphlet, leaflet, bro-
chure; (explicativo) instruction leaflet.
folln nm 1 fam (alboroto) rumpus,
shindy. 2 fam (enredo, confusin) mess,
trouble. l o c armar (un) folln fam to
kick up a rumpus.
fomentar vt to promote.
fonda nf inn.
fondo nm 1 (parte ms baja) bottom: en el
fondo del pozo at the bottom of the well.
2 (parte ms lejana) end, back: al fondo de
la sala at the back of the hall. 3 (segundo
trmino) background. l o c a fondo 1
(adjetival) thorough. 2 (adverbial) thor-
oughly. y en el fondo fig deep down,
at heart. c o m p fondo del mar sea bed.
P nm pl fondos funds, money sing.
fonema nm phoneme.
fontico,-a adj phonetic.
fnico,-a adj phonic.
fono- pref phono-.
fonologa nf phonology.
 175
fonoteca nf record library.
fontanera nf plumbing.
fontanero,-a nm & nf plumber.
footing nm jogging. l o c hacer footing
to go jogging.
forastero,-a nm & nf stranger.
forcejear vi to wrestle, struggle.
forcejeo nm struggle, struggling.
forestal adj forest.
forja nf (fragua) forge.
forjado nm arquit framework.
forjar vt (metales) to forge.
forma nf 1 (gen) form, shape: en forma de
X X-shaped. 2 (manera) way. 3 dep form.
l o c de todas formas anyway, in any
case. y estar en forma to be in shape,
be fit.
formacin nf 1 (gen) formation. 2 (edu-
cacin) upbringing. c o m p formacin
profesional vocational training.
formal adj 1 (con los requisitos necesarios)
formal. 2 (serio) serious, serious-mind-
ed. 3 (cumplidor) reliable, dependable.
formalizar vt to make formal.
formalmente adv formally.
formar vt 1 (gen) to form. 2 (integrar,
constituir) to form, constitute: formar
parte de algo to be a part of sth. 3 (educar)
to bring up.
P vpr formarse (educarse) to be educat-
ed, be trained.
formatear vt to format.
formato nm (gen) format.
formidable adj tremendous, formi-
dable.
formn nm firmer chisel.
frmula nf (gen) formula.
formular vt 1 (una teora) to formulate.
2 (quejas, peticiones) to express, make.
P vi qum to write formulae.
formulario,-a nm (documento) form: for
mulario de solicitud application form.
forofo,-a nm & nf fam fan, supporter.
forraje nm (pienso) fodder, forage.
forrar vt 1 (por dentro) to line. 2 (por fue-
ra) to cover. 3 (tapizar) to upholster.
P vpr forrarse fam (de dinero) to make a
fortune, make a packet.
fracasar
forro nm 1 (interior) lining. 2 (funda) cov-
er, case. 3 (tapizado) upholstery.
fortalecer vt to fortify, strengthen.
P vpr fortalecerse to strengthen.
fortaleza nf 1 (vigor) strength. 2 (recinto
fortificado) fortress.
fortificacin nf fortification.
fortuito,-a adj chance, fortuitous.
fortuna nf 1 (destino) fortune, fate. 2
(suerte) luck.
forzado,-a adj 1 (obligado) forced. 2 (re-
buscado) forced, strained. c o m p risa
forzada forced laugh. F
forzar vt 1 (persona) to force, compel. 2
(cosa) to force open, break open.
forzoso,-a adj 1 (inevitable) inevitable,
unavoidable. 2 (obligatorio) obligato-
ry, compulsory.
forzudo,-a adj strong, brawny.
fosa nf 1 (sepultura) grave. 2 (hoyo) pit,
hollow. 3 anat cavity, fossa. 4 (en el
ocano) trench, deep. c o m p fosas nasa
les nostrils.
fosfato nm phosphate. c o m p fosfato de
cal calcium phosphate.
fosforescente adj phosphorescent.
fsforo nm 1 qum phosphorus. 2 (ceri-
lla) match.
fsil nm fossil.
foso nm 1 (hoyo) hole, pit. 2 (de fortaleza)
moat.
foto nf fam photo, picture.
fotocopia nf photocopy.
fotocopiadora nf photocopier, pho-
tocopying machine.
fotocopiar vt to photocopy.
fotografa nf 1 (proceso) photography.
2 (retrato) photograph. l o c hacer foto
grafas to take photographs.
fotografiar vt to photograph, take a
photograph of.
fotgrafo,-a nm & nf photographer.
fotn nm photon.
fotosntesis nf inv photosynthesis.
FP abrev educ (Formacin Profesional) Pro-
fessional Formation (vocational training).
fracasar vi to fail, be unsuccessful,
fall through.
fracaso 176
fracaso nm failure.
fraccin nf 1 (gen) fraction. 2 pol fac-
tion.
fraccionar vt to divide, break up,
split up.
fractura nf fracture.
fragancia nf fragrance.
fragata nf frigate.
frgil adj 1 (quebradizo) fragile, breaka-
ble. 2 (dbil) frail, weak.
fragilidad nf 1 (cualidad) fragility. 2 (de-
bilidad) frailty, weakness.
fragmento nm 1 (pedazo) fragment,
piece. 2 (literario) passage.
fragua nf forge.
fraguar vt 1 (metal) to forge. 2 fig (plan)
to dream up, fabricate; (conspiracin)
to hatch.
P vi (endurecerse) to set, harden.
fraile nm friar, monk.
frambuesa nf raspberry.
francamente adv frankly.
francs,-esa adj French.
P nm & nf (persona) French person;
(hombre) Frenchman; (mujer) French-
woman.
P nm francs (idioma) French.
Francia nf France.
franco,-a1 nm & nf hist (persona) Frank.
P nm franco hist (idioma) Frankish; (mo-
neda) franc.
franco,-a2 adj 1 (persona) frank, open.
2 (cosa) clear, obvious. 3 com free.
francotirador,-ra nm & nf sniper.
franela nf flannel.
franja nf 1 (banda) band, strip. 2 (de tie-
rra) strip. 3 cost fringe, border.
franquear vt 1 (dejar libre) to free, clear.
2 (atravesar) to cross. 3 (obstculo) to
overcome. 4 (carta) to frank.
franqueo nm postage.
franqueza nf 1 (sinceridad) frankness,
openness. 2 (confianza) familiarity,
intimacy.
frasco nm flask.
frase nf 1 (oracin) sentence. 2 (expre-
sin) phrase. c o m p frase hecha set
phrase, set expression, idiom.
fraternal adj fraternal, brotherly.
fraternidad nf fraternity, brother-
hood.
fraude nm fraud. c o m p fraude fiscal tax
evasion.
fray nm Brother.
frecuencia nf frequency. l o c con fre
cuencia frequently, often.
frecuentar vt to frequent, visit.
frecuente adj 1 (repetido) frequent. 2
(usual) common.
frecuentemente adv frequently, of-
ten.
fregadero nm kitchen sink.
fregar vt 1 (lavar) to wash. 2 (el suelo) to
mop. l o c fregar los platos to wash
the dishes, gb do the washing up,
wash up.
fregona nf (utensilio) mop.
freidora nf fryer, deep fryer.
frer vt 1 (guisar) to fry. 2 fig to annoy,
exasperate.
frenar vt 1 to brake. 2 fig to restrain,
check.
P vi to brake: fren de golpe he jammed
on the brakes.
frenazo nm sudden braking. l o c dar
un frenazo to jam on the brakes.
freno nm 1 (de auto) brake. 2 fig (conten-
cin) curb, check. l o c poner freno a al-
go fig to curb sth.
frente nm 1 (gen) front. 2 mil front,
front line.
P nf anat forehead. l o c de frente 1
(hacia adelante) straight ahead. 2 (sin
rodeos) straight. y ponerse al frente de
algo to take command of sth.
fresa nf 1 (planta) strawberry plant. 2
(fruto) strawberry.
P adj strawberry.
fresco,-a adj 1 (temperatura) cool, cold:
viento fresco cool wind; agua fresca cold
water. 2 (tela, vestido) light, cool. 3 (co-
mida) fresh. 4 (reciente) fresh, new: no
ticias frescas latest news sing. 5 (desvergon-
zado) cheeky, shameless.
P nm fresco 1 (frescor) fresh air, cool
air. 2 arte fresco. l o c al fresco in the
cool. y quedarse tan fresco,-a not to

bat an eyelid. y tomar el fresco to get
some fresh air.
frescor nm coolness, freshness.
frescura nf 1 (frescor) freshness, cool-
ness. 2 (desvergenza) cheek, nerve.
l o c qu frescura! what a nerve!
fresno nm ash tree.
frialdad nf 1 (fro) coldness. 2 (indiferen-
cia) coldness, indifference.
fricativo,-a adj fricative.
friccin nf 1 (roce) friction. 2 (desacuerdo)
friction, discord.
frigorfico nm 1 (electrodomstico) refrig-
erator, fridge. 2 (cmara frigorfica) cold
store.
frijol nm bean, kidney bean.
fro,-a adj 1 (gen) cold. 2 (indiferente)
cold, cool, indifferent; (pasmado)
stunned: la pelcula me dej fro the film
left me cold.
P nm fro cold. l o c pillar a algn en fro
fig to catch sb on the hop. y hace un
fro que pela fam it's freezing cold. y
hacer fro to be cold. y tener fro / pa
sar fro to be cold.
friolero,-a adj sensitive to the cold.
friso nm 1 arquit frieze. 2 (zcalo) skirt-
ing board.
frito,-a adj 1 culin fried. 2 fam fed up,
sick: este nio me tiene frita I'm sick and
tired of this kid.
P nm frito piece of fried food. l o c
quedarse frito,-a fam (dormido) to fall
fast asleep.
frvolo,-a adj frivolous.
frondoso,-a adj leafy, luxuriant.
frontera nf 1 frontier, border. 2 fig
limit, bounds pl, borderline.
frontn nm 1 (juego) pelota. 2 (edificio)
pelota court. 3 arquit pediment.
frotar vt to rub. l o c frotarse las manos
to rub one's hands together.
fruncir vt cost to gather. l o c fruncir el
ceo to frown, knit one's brow.
frustracin nf frustration.
frustrar vt 1 (cosa) to frustrate, thwart.
2 (persona) to disappoint.
177 fuerte
P vpr frustrarse 1 (proyectos, planes) to
fail, come to nothing. 2 (persona)
to get frustrated, get disappointed.
fruta nf fruit.
frutera nf fruit shop.
frutero,-a nm & nf fruit seller, fruiterer.
P nm frutero fruit dish, fruit bowl.
fruto nm 1 (fruta) fruit. 2 (resultado)
fruit, result, product. l o c dar fruto
to bear fruit. y sacar fruto de algo to
profit from sth. c o m p frutos secos 1
(almendras, etc) nuts. 2 (pasas, etc) dried
F
fruit sing.
fucsia nf fuchsia.
fuego nm 1 fire. 2 (lumbre) light. 3 (coci-
na) burner, ring. l o c a fuego lento 1
on a low flame. 2 (al horno) in a slow
oven. y poner las manos en el fuego
por algo/algn to stake one's life on
sth / sb . y prender fuego a algo to set
fire to sth . c o m p fuegos artificiales
fireworks.
fuel nm fuel oil.
fuelle nm (aparato) bellows pl.
fuente nf 1 (manantial) spring. 2 (artifi-
cial) fountain. 3 (recipiente) serving
dish, dish. 4 fig source.
fuera adv 1 (exterior) out, outside: sali
mos fuera we went out, we went out-
side. 2 (alejado) away; (en el extranjero)
abroad.
P interj get out!
P prep fuera de (un lugar) out of; (ms
all de) outside, beyond; (excepto) ex-
cept for, apart from. l o c estar fuera
de s to be beside os. y fuera de lo nor
mal extraordinary, very unusual. y
fuera de serie extraordinary. c o m p
fuera de juego offside.
fuerte adj 1 (gen) strong: tiene un sabor
fuerte it has a strong taste. 2 (en asignatu-
ra) strong, good: est muy fuerte en his
toria she's very strong on history. 3
(viento) strong; (lluvia, nevada) heavy;
(tormenta, sesmo) severe; (calor) intense.
4 (dolor, enfermedad) severe, bad. 5 (gol-
pe) hard, heavy. 6 (sonido) loud. 7 (su-
bida) steep, sharp; (bajada) sharp: un
fuerte descenso en el precio del petrleo a
sharp fall in the price of oil. 8 (discusin)
 fuerza
heated, violent; (aplauso) loud, thun-
derous. 9 (comida - pesado) heavy;
(- cargado) rich. 10 (color) intense.
P nm 1 (fortificacin) fort. 2 (punto fuerte)
forte, strong point.
P adv 1 (mucho) a lot. 2 (con fuerza) hard:
empuja fuerte push hard. 3 (volumen)
loud: la msica sonaba fuerte the music
was loud.
fuerza nf 1 (gen) strength. 2 (violencia)
force, violence. 3 (militar) force. 4 (en
fsica) force. 5 (electricidad) power, elec-
tric power. 6 (poder) power. l o c a
fuerza de by dint of, by force of. y
a la fuerza by force. y con fuerza 1
(gen) strongly. 2 (llover) heavily. 3
(apretar, agarrar) tightly; (pegar, empujar)
hard. y por fuerza by force. c o m p fuer
za de voluntad willpower.
fuga nf 1 (huida) flight, escape. 2 (esca-
pe) leak.
fugarse vpr (gen) to flee, escape; (de ca-
sa) to run away from home.
fugaz adj fleeting, brief.
fugitivo,-a adj (en fuga) fleeing.
P nm & nf fugitive, runaway.
fulano,-a nm & nf so-and-so; (hombre)
what's his name; (mujer) what's her
name.
P nm fulano fam pey guy, gb bloke.
fulminar vt 1 to strike with lightning. 2
fig to strike dead. l o c fulminar a algn
(con la mirada) to look daggers at sb.
fumador,-ra nm & nf smoker. l o c los
no fumadores nonsmokers.
fumar vt to smoke.
fumigar vt to fumigate.
funmbulo,-a nm & nf tightrope
walker.
funcin nf 1 (gen) function. 2 (cargo) du-
ty. 3 (espectculo) performance, show.
l o c en funcin de according to. y en
funciones acting. y entrar en funcin
(persona) to take up one's post. y estar
en funciones to be in office. c o m p fun
cin de noche evening performance.
y funcin de tarde matine.
funcional adj functional.
funcionamiento nm operation,
working.
178
funcionar vi (desempear una funcin) to
work, function: funciona con gasolina/
diesel it runs on petrol/diesel.
funcionario,-a nm & nf functionary,
e m p l o y e e . c o m p funcionario,-a
pblico,-a civil servant, government
employee.
funda nf 1 (flexible) cover. 2 (rgida)
case. 3 (de disco) sleeve. c o m p funda de
almohada pillowcase.
fundacin nf foundation.
fundador,-ra nm & nf founder.
fundamental adj fundamental.
fundamentalismo nm fundamental-
ism.
fundamentalista adj fundamentalist.
P nm o nf fundamentalist.
fundamentalmente adv fundamen-
tally, basically.
fundamento nm 1 (base) basis,
grounds pl. 2 (seriedad) seriousness;
(confianza) reliability. l o c sin funda
mento unfounded.
fundar vt 1 (crear) to found; (erigir) to
raise: su padre fund la empresa her fa-
ther founded the company. 2 (basar) to
base, found.
P vpr fundarse 1 (crearse) to be found-
ed. 2 (teora, afirmacin) to be based
(en, on); (persona) to base os (en, on).
fundicin nf 1 (derretimiento) melting. 2
(de metales) smelting. 3 (lugar) foundry,
smelting works.
fundir vt 1 (derretir) to melt: el sol funde la
nieve the sun melts the snow. 2 (separar
mena y metal) to smelt. 3 (dar forma) to
cast: fundir una figura en bronce to cast a
figure in bronze. 4 (bombilla, plomos) to
blow.
P vpr fundirse 1 (derretirse) to melt: la
nieve se funde snow melts. 2 (bombilla,
plomos) to fuse, go, blow, burn out: se
han fundido los plomos the fuses have
gone. 3 (unirse) to merge.
fnebre adj 1 (mortuorio) funeral. 2 (l-
gubre) mournful, lugubrious.
funeral nm [tambin se usa en plural con el
mismo significado] 1 (entierro) funeral. 2
(conmemoracin) memorial service.
 179
funerala comp ojo a la funerala fam
black eye.
funeraria nf undertaker's, us funeral
parlor.
funerario,-a adj funerary, funeral.
funesto,-a adj ill-fated, fatal.
fungicida adj fungicidal.
P nm fungicide.
funicular nm funicular, funicular rail-
way.
furgn nm 1 auto van, truck. 2 (de tren)
(goods) wagon, us boxcar. c o m p fur
gn de cola guard's van.
furgoneta nf van.
furia nf fury, rage.
furibundo,-a adj furious, enraged.
furiosamente adv furiously.
furioso,-a adj 1 (colrico) furious. 2 (tem-
pestad, vendaval) raging. l o c ponerse
furioso,-a to get angry.
furor nm fury, rage. l o c hacer furor fig
to be all the rage.
furtivamente adv furtively.
furtivo,-a adj furtive.
furnculo nm boil.
fusa nf demisemiquaver, us thirty-
second note.
fuseaux nm ski pants pl.
fuselaje nm fuselage.
fusible nm fuse.
fusil nm rifle, gun.
futuro
fusilamiento nm shooting, execu-
tion.
fusilar vt 1 (ejecutar) to shoot, execute.
2 (plagiar) to plagiarize.
fusin nf 1 (de metales) fusion, melting;
(de hielo) thawing, melting. 2 (de intere-
ses, partidos, ideas) fusion. 3 (de empresas)
merger, amalgamation.
fusionar vt 1 (fundir) to fuse. 2 (unir) to
join, unite. 3 com to merge: proponen
fusionar ambas empresas they propose to
merge the two companies.
P vpr fusionarse (unir) to join, unite;
(empresas) to merge.
F
fusta nf riding whip.
fuste nm 1 (palo) stick. 2 (de columna)
shaft.
futbito nm five-a-side football.
ftbol nm football, soccer. c o m p ftbol
americano American football.
futboln nm table football.
futbolista nm o nf footballer, football
player, soccer player.
futbolstico,-a adj football.
futn nm futon.
futurista adj futuristic.
futuro,-a adj future.
P nm futuro future. l o c en un futuro
prximo in the near future. c o m p fu
turo imperfecto future. y futuro per
fecto future perfect.
 G
180
G, g nf (la letra) G, g.
g sm (gramo) gram, gramme; (smbolo) g.
gabn nm overcoat.
gabardina nf (impermeable) raincoat.
gabinete nm 1 (habitacin) study. 2 pol
cabinet. 3 (despacho) office.
Gabn nm Gabon.
gabons,-esa adj Gabonese.
P nm & nf Gabonese.
gacela nf gazelle.
gacha nf (masa) paste.
P nf pl gachas (papilla) porridge sing.
gafas nf pl 1 spectacles, glasses. 2 (de
motorista, esqu, natacin) goggles. c o m p
gafas de bucear diving mask sing. y ga
fas de sol sunglasses.
gafe adj fam jinx.
P nm o nf fam jinx.
gaita nf 1 bagpipes pl, pipes pl. 2 fam
bother, drag, pain.
gaitero,-a nm & nf ms piper, bagpipe
player.
gajo nm (de fruta) segment.
gala nf 1 (espectculo) gala. 2 (vestido)
best dress. l o c hacer gala de to
make a show of. c o m p cena de gala
gala dinner.
P nf pl galas (adorno) finery sing. l o c lu
cir sus mejores galas to be dressed in
all one's finery.
galctico,-a adj galactic.
galn nm (atractivo) handsome young
man; (mujeriego) ladies' man.
galardn nm prize.
galaxia nf galaxy.
galera nf (mar) galley.
galera nf 1 (gen) gallery. 2 (corredor des-
cubierto) balcony, verandah. 3 teat
gallery, balcony. c o m p galeras comer
ciales shopping centre sing.
gals,-a adj Welsh.
P nm & nf (persona) Welsh person;
(hombre) Welshman; (mujer) Welsh-
woman.
P nm gals (idioma) Welsh.
Gales nm Wales. c o m p Pas de Gales
Wales.
galgo,-a nm & nf greyhound.
galleta nf culin biscuit, us cookie.
gallina nf hen.
P nm o nf fam chicken, coward. l o c
jugar a la gallina ciega to play blind
man's buff.
gallinero nm 1 henhouse. 2 fam bed-
lam, madhouse. 3 el gallinero teat
the gods pl.
gallo nm 1 cock, rooster. 2 (pez) John
Dory. 3 fig (al cantar) false note; (al ha-
blar) squeak. l o c en menos que canta
un gallo in a flash.
galn1 nm 1 (cinta) braid. 2 mil stripe,
chevron.
galn2 nm (medida) gallon.
galopar vi to gallop.
galope nm gallop. l o c a galope / al ga
lope 1 at a gallop. 2 fig in a rush. y a
galope tendido at full gallop.
gama nf 1 ms scale. 2 (gradacin, varie-
dad) range.
gamba 1 nf zool prawn; (pequea)
shrimp.
gamba2 nf argot 1 (parte del cuerpo) foot.
2 (dinero) 100 $ . l o c meter la gamba
fam to put one's foot in it.
Gambia nf Gambia.
gambiano,-a adj Gambian.
P nm & nf Gambian.
 181
gamo nm fallow deer.
gamuza nf 1 zool chamois. 2 (piel)
chamois leather. 3 (pao) duster.
gana nf 1 (deseo) wish (de, for), desire.
2 (apetito) appetite; (hambre) hunger.
l o c dar a algn la gana de hacer algo fam
to feel like doing sth. y tener ganas
de (hacer) algo to feel like (doing)
sth.
ganadera nf 1 (crianza) cattle raising,
stockbreeding. 2 (ganado) cattle, live-
stock.
ganadero,-a nm & nf 1 (propietario) cat-
tle breeder, stockbreeder. 2 (cuidador
de ganado) herdsman, us herder.
ganado nm livestock, stock; (vacas)
cattle. c o m p ganado bovino cattle pl. y
ganado vacuno cattle pl.
ganador,-ra adj winning.
P nm & nf winner.
ganancia nf gain, profit.
ganar vt 1 (partido, concurso, premio) to
win. 2 (dinero) to earn: cunto ganas al
ao? how much do you earn a year? 3
(alcanzar) to reach. 4 (lograr) to win.
P vi 1 (mejorar) to improve. 2 (cambiar
favorablemente) to gain.
P vpr ganarse 1 to earn. 2 (ser merecedor)
to deserve: se lo han ganado they de-
serve it. l o c ganar a algn en algo to be
better than sb at sth.
ganchillo nm 1 (aguja) crochet hook. 2
(labor) crochet work. l o c hacer gan
chillo to crochet.
gancho nm 1 hook. 2 (para ropa) peg. 3
fam (atractivo) attractiveness, charm.
(en boxeo) hook. 4 (en baloncesto) hook
shot. l o c tener gancho fam to be at-
tractive, have charm.
gandul,-la adj lazy, idle.
P nm & nf idler, loafer, lazybones.
gandulear vi to idle, loaf around.
ganga nf (algo barato) bargain, good
buy. c o m p precio de ganga bargain
price.
gngster nm gangster.
gansada nf fam silly thing to say, sil-
ly thing to do.
gas
ganso,-a nm & nf zool goose; (macho)
gander.
ganza nf 1 (garfio) picklock. 2 (ladrn)
burglar.
garabatear vt (escribir) to scribble,
scrawl; (dibujar) to doodle.
garabato nm 1 (gancho) hook. 2 (dibujo)
doodle; (escritura) scrawl, scribble.
garaje nm garage.
garanta nf 1 (seguridad) guarantee, se-
curity. 2 com guarantee, warranty.
garantizado,-a adj guaranteed.
garantizar vt 1 to guarantee. 2 com
to warrant.
garbanzo nm chickpea.
garbeo nm fam walk, stroll.
G
garbo nm 1 (airosidad al andar) graceful-
ness. 2 (gracia) grace, stylishness.
garboso,-a adj (airoso) graceful.
gardenia nf gardenia.
garfio nm hook, grapple.
garganta nf 1 (cuello) throat. 2 (desfila-
dero) gorge, narrow pass.
gargantilla nf short necklace.
grgola nf gargoyle.
garita nf 1 (caseta) box, cabin, hut; (de
centinela) sentry box. 2 (portera) por-
ter's lodge.
garito nm 1 (casa de juego) gambling
dene. 2 (antro de diversin) dive, joint.
garra nf (de mamfero) paw, claw; (de ave)
talon.
P nf pl garras (poder) clutches. l o c caer
en las garras de algn fig to fall into sb's
clutches. y tener garra 1 (relato, etc) to
be compelling. 2 (persona) to have
charisma.
garrafa nf carafe.
garrafal adj monumental, huge.
garrafn nm demijohn, large carafe.
garrapata nf tick.
garrotazo nm blow with a stick.
garrote nm thick stick, cudgel, club.
garza nf heron. c o m p garza real grey
heron.
gas nm (gen) gas.
P nm pl gases (flatulencias) wind sing ,
flatulence sing, us gas sing.
gasa
gasa nf gauze.
gaseosa nf gb lemonade, us soda.
gasleo nm diesel oil.
gasolina nf petrol, us gasoline, gas.
loc poner gasolina to get some pet-
rol.
gasolinera nf 1 petrol station, us gas
station. 2 (lancha) motorboat.
gastado,-a adj 1 (desgastado) worn-
out. 2 (acabado) finished, empty,
used up.
gastador,-ra adj (derrochador) spend-
thrift.
gastar vt 1 (consumir dinero, tiempo) to
spend; (gasolina, electricidad) to use
(up), consume: este coche gasta mucha
gasolina this car uses a lot of petrol. 2
(malgastar) to waste. 3 (usar perfume, ja-
bn) to use; (ropa) to wear.
P vpr gastarse 1 (desgastarse) to wear
out. 2 (consumirse) to run out.
gasto nm expenditure, expense. c o m p
gastos de mantenimiento running
costs, maintenance costs. y gastos
diarios daily expenses.
gastronoma nf gastronomy.
gastronmico,-a adj gastronomic,
gastronomical.
gata nf she-cat, cat.
. Vase tambin gato.
gatas l o c a gatas on all fours. y andar
a gatas to crawl.
gatear vi (andar a gatas) to crawl.
gatera nf cat door, cat flap.
gatillo nm trigger.
gatito,-a nm & nf fam kitty, pusy.
gato nm 1 cat, tomcat. 2 (de coche) jack.
l o c buscarle tres/cinco pies al gato fam
to split hairs, complicate things. y
dar gato por liebre fam to take sb in,
con sb . y hay gato encerrado fam
there's something fishy going on.
gatuno,-a adj catlike, feline.
gaviln nm sparrowhawk.
gavilla nf (de ramas, etc) sheaf.
gaviota nf seagull, gull.
gay adj gay, homosexual.
P nm gay, homosexual.
182
gaznate nm gullet.
gazpacho nm cold soup made of tomatoes and
other vegetables.
ge nf name of the letter g.
gel nm gel.
gelatina nf 1 (sustancia) gelatine. 2 (pre-
parado alimenticio) jelly.
gelatinoso,-a adj gelatinous, jelly-
like.
glido,-a adj icy, icy cold.
gema nf 1 bot bud. 2 (piedra) gem.
gemelo,-a adj twin.
P nm & nf twin.
P nm gemelo (msculo) calf muscle.
P nm pl gemelos 1 (botones) cufflinks. 2
(anteojos) binoculars.
gemido nm (quejido) groan, moan.
gemir vi (quejarse) to moan, groan.
gen nm gene.
genciana nf gentian.
generacin nf generation.
generacional adj generation, genera-
tional.
generador,-ra nm (mquina) genera-
tor.
general adj 1 general. 2 (comn) com-
mon, usual, widespread.
P nm (oficial) general. l o c en general in
general, generally.
generalidad nf 1 (gen) generality. 2
(mayora) majority. 3 (generalizacin)
general statement.
P nf pl generalidades (nociones) basic
knowledge sing.
generalizacin nf 1 (gen) generaliza-
tion. 2 (extensin) spread, spreading.
generalizado,-a adj widespread,
common.
generalizar vt 1 (gen) to generalize. 2
(extender) to spread, popularize.
P vpr generalizarse to spread, be-
come widespread, become com-
mon.
generalmente adv usually.
generar vt to generate.
genricamente adv generically.
genrico,-a adj generic.
 183
gnero nm 1 (clase) kind, sort. 2 (tela)
cloth. 3 (mercanca) article. 4 gram
gender. 5 biol genus.
generosamente adv generously.
generosidad nf generosity, unself-
ishness.
generoso,-a adj generous (con/para,
to).
gnesis nf inv genesis.
gentica nf genetics sing.
genial adj 1 brilliant, inspired. 2 fam
terrific, great, smashing.
P adv fam great.
genialidad nf 1 (idea) brilliant idea,
stroke of genius. 2 (cualidad) genius.
genio nm 1 (carcter) temper, disposi-
tion. 2 (facultad) genius: Einstein fue un
genio Einstein was a genius. 3 (espritu)
spirit: el genio del Renacimiento the Re-
naissance spirit. l o c estar de mal genio
to be in a bad mood. y tener mal ge
nio to have a bad temper.
genital adj genital.
P nm pl genitales genitals.
genocidio nm genocide.
gente nf 1 people pl. 2 (familia) family,
folks pl, people pl: me gusta estar con
mi gente I like being with my family.
c o m p gente menuda fam nippers pl ,
kids pl.
gentil adj (amable) kind.
gentileza nf 1 (gracia) grace, elegance.
2 (cortesa) politeness, kindness.
gentilicio adj gentile.
P nm gentile.
gento nm crowd.
gentuza nf pey mob, rabble, riffraff.
genuino,-a adj genuine, authentic.
geografa nf geography.
gegrafo,-a nm & nf geographer.
geologa nf geology.
geolgico,-a adj geologic, geologi-
cal.
gelogo,-a nm & nf geologist.
geometra nf geometry.
geomtrico,-a adj geometric, geo-
metrical.
Georgia nf Georgia.
gincana
georgiano,-a adj Georgian.
& nf (persona) Georgian.
P nm
georgiano (idioma) Georgian.
P nm
geranio nf geranium.
gerencia nf (actividad) management.
gerente nm o nf (hombre) manager; (mu-
jer) manageress.
geriatra nf geriatrics sing.
geritrico,-a adj geriatric.
Pnm geritrico (sanatorio) geriatric
hospital; (residencia) old people's
home.
germano,-a adj Germanic.
germen nm germ.
germinar vi to germinate.
gerundio nm gerund.
G
gesta nf arc heroic deed, exploit.
gestacin nf 1 gestation. 2 (perodo)
gestation period.
gestante adj gestating.
P nf expectant mother.
gesticular vi to gesticulate.
gestin nf [tambin se usa en plural con el
mismo significado] (trmite) step, meas-
ure, move. c o m p gestin de datos da-
ta management.
gestionar vt 1 (negociar) to negotiate. 2
(administrar) to manage, run.
gesto nm 1 (movimiento) gesture. 2 (mue-
ca) grimace. l o c hacer gestos a fam to
make gestures at.
gestor,-ra nm & nf 1 (administrador)
manager, director. 2 person who transacts
official business on his clients' behalf, solici-
tor.
Ghana nf Ghana.
ghans,-a adj Ghanaian.
P nm & nf Ghanaian.
giba nf hump, hunch.
giga nf (gigabyte) giga, gigabyte.
gigabyte nm gigabyte.
gigante nm & nf (hombre) giant; (mujer)
giantess.
P adj giant, gigantic, huge.
gigantesco,-a adj giant, gigantic.
gimnasia nf gymnastics sing.
gimnasio nm gymnasium, gym.
gincana nf gymkhana.
 ginebra
ginebra nf gin.
ginecologa nf gynaecology.
gineclogo,-a nm & nf gynaecologist.
gineta nf genet.
gira nf tour.
girar vi 1 (dar vueltas) to rotate, whirl,
spin. 2 (torcer) to turn: girar a la izquierda
to turn left. 3 fig (versar) to deal with:
la conversacin gir en torno al teatro the
conversation evolved around theatre.
P vt 1 com to issue: girar una letra to is-
sue a draft. 2 (cambiar de sentido) to turn,
turn around: girar el cuerpo to turn one's
body.
girasol nm sunflower.
giratorio,-a adj rotating, gyratory.
giro nm 1 (vuelta) turn, turning. 2 (direc-
cin) course, direction. 3 com draft.
c o m p giro postal money order.
gitano,-a nm & nf gypsy, gipsy.
glaciacin nf glaciation.
glacial adj 1 glacial. 2 fig glacial, icy:
tuvo un recibimiento glacial he had an icy
reception.
glaciar nm glacier.
gladiador nm gladiator.
gladiolo nm gladiolus.
glndula nf gland.
glicerina nf glycerin, glycerine.
global adj global, comprehensive.
globo nm 1 (esfera) globe, sphere. 2 (tie-
rra) globe. 3 (de aire) balloon.
glbulo nm globule. c o m p glbulo
blanco white corpuscle. y glbulo ro
jo red corpuscle.
gloria nf 1 (bienaventuranza) glory. 2 (fa-
ma) fame, honour (us honor).
glorieta nf 1 (en un jardn) arbour. 2 (pla-
zoleta) small square.
glorificar vt to glorify.
glorioso,-a adj glorious.
glosar vt 1 (explicar) to gloss. 2 (interpre-
tar) to interpret.
glosario nm glossary.
glotn,-ona adj greedy, gluttonous.
P nm & nf glutton.
glotonera nf gluttony, greed.
glcido nm glucide.
184
glucosa nf glucose.
gluten nm gluten.
gnomo nm gnome.
gobernador,-ra nm & nf governor.
gobernante adj ruling, governing.
P nm o nf ruler, leader.
gobernar vt 1 (gen) to govern. 2 (un
pas) to rule. 3 (un negocio) to run, han-
dle. 4 (un barco) to steer.
gobierno nm 1 pol government. 2
(mando) command, running, han-
dling. 3 (conduccin) direction, control;
(de un barco) steering; (de timn) rudder.
goce nm pleasure, enjoyment.
godo,-a adj Gothic.
P nm & nf (persona) Goth.
gofre nm waffle.
gol nm goal.
goleador,-ra nm & nf scorer. c o m p el
mximo goleador the top scorer.
golear vt to hammer.
golf nm (deporte) golf.
golfista nm o nf golfer.
golfo nm gulf, large bay.
golfo,-a nm & nf (holgazn) good-for-
nothing; (nio) rascal, little devil.
golondrina nf (ave) swallow.
golosina nf sweet, us candy.
goloso,-a adj sweet tooth.
golpe nm 1 blow, knock; (puetazo)
punch: le dio un golpe he hit him. 2 (de
coche) collision; (fuerte) bang; (ligero)
bump. 3 fig (desgracia) blow, misfor-
tune. l o c de golpe suddenly, all of a
sudden. y no dar golpe fam not to lift
a finger, not do a blessed thing. c o m p
golpe bajo fig punch below the belt.
y golpe de Estado coup, coup d'tat. y
golpe de vista quick glance.
golpear vt (gen) to hit, strike; (personas)
to thump, hit, punch; (puerta) to
knock on.
golpista nm o nf person involved in a
coup d'tat.
goma nf 1 (material) gum, rubber. 2 (de
borrar) rubber, us eraser. 3 (de pegar)
glue, gum. 4 (banda elstica) rubber
band. c o m p goma arbiga gum ara-
bic. y goma de mascar chewing gum.
 185
gomaespuma nf foam rubber.
gomina nf hair cream.
gominola nf jelly bean, jelly.
gong nm gong.
gordo,-a adj 1 (carnoso) fat: se puso gordo
he got fat. 2 (grueso) thick. 3 (grave) se-
rious. 4 (importante) big: qu mentira
tan gorda! what a big lie!
P nm & nf fat person, fatty.
P nm gordo 1 fam (grasa) fat. 2 el gordo
the first prize in the lottery.
gordura nf fatness.
gorila nm (animal) gorilla.
gorjear vi to chirp, twitter.
gorra nf 1 (gen) cap. 2 (con visera)
peaked cap. l o c de gorra fam free.
gorrin,-ona nm & nf sparrow.
gorro nm 1 cap. 2 (de beb) bonnet. 3
(de cocinero) chef's hat.
gorrn,-ona adj fam scrounging,
sponging.
P nm & nf sponger, scrounger.
gorronear vi to scrounge.
gota nf 1 drop. 2 (de sudor) bead. 3 (de
aire) breath. l o c caer cuatro gotas to
be spitting with rain. y gota a gota
drop by drop. y ni gota not a bit,
nothing at all. c o m p gota fra cold air
pool.
gotear vi 1 (grifo) to drip; (tejado) to
leak. 2 [slo se usa en tercera persona; no
lleva sujeto] (lluvia) to drizzle.
gotera nf 1 (agujero) leak. 2 (agua) drip.
gtico,-a adj Gothic.
gozar vi 1 (poseer, disfrutar) to enjoy (de, -):
goza de muy buena salud he enjoys very
good health. 2 (sentir placer) to enjoy os:
gozamos con su presencia we really enjoy
her company.
gozne nm hinge.
gozo nm joy, delight, pleasure.
grabacin nf recording.
grabado,-a nm 1 (arte) engraving. 2
(dibujo) picture, drawing.
grabar vt 1 arte to engrave. 2 (registrar)
to record. 3 inform to save. l o c gra
barse en la memoria fig to be en-
graved on one's memory.
grajo
gracia nf 1 (favor) favour (us favor). 2
(atractivo) grace, charm. 3 (chiste) joke.
l o c hacer gracia, tener gracia (diver-
sin) to be funny. y qu gracia! how
funny!
P nf pl gracias thank you, thanks. l o c
dar gracias a algn to thank sb. y gracias
a thanks to.
gracioso,-a adj 1 (atractivo) graceful,
charming. 2 (bromista) witty, face-
tious. 3 (divertido) funny, amusing.
P nm & nf teat jester, clown, fool.
l o c hacerse el gracioso to try to be
funny.
grada nf 1 (peldao) step, stair. 2 (grade-
ra) tier. G
P nf pl gradas stands, terraces.
gradera nf stands pl, terraces pl.
grado nm 1 (gen) degree: estbamos a 27
grados it was 27 degrees. 2 (estado)
stage. 3 educ (curso) class, year. 4
educ (ttulo) degree. 5 (peldao) step.
graduacin nf 1 (gen) graduation. 2 (de
alcohol) strength. 3 educ graduation.
graduado,-a nm & nf educ graduate.
c o m p gafas graduadas prescription
glasses. y graduado escolar certificate of
elementary school studies.
gradual adj gradual.
graduar vt 1 (termmetro) to graduate,
calibrate. 2 (regular) to adjust, regu-
late. 3 (conceder un diploma) to confer a
degree on, us graduate. 4 (medir) to
gauge, measure; (la vista) to test,
check.
P vpr graduarse to graduate, get
one's degree. l o c graduarse la vista
to have one's eyes tested.
grafa nf 1 (signo) graphic symbol. 2
(escritura) writing. 3 (ortografa) spell-
ing.
grficamente adv graphically.
grafa nf graph, diagram.
grfico,-a adj graphic.
P nm grfico (dibujo) sketch, chart.
grafiti nm pl graffiti.
grafito nm graphite.
gragea nf pill, tablet.
grajo,-a nm & nf rook.
gramtica
gramtica nf grammar.
gramo nm gram, gramme.
gramfono nm gramophone.
gramola nf gramophone.
gran adj [se usa delante de nombres mas-
culinos en sigular] 1 (fuerte, intenso) great:
se llevaron un gran susto they were terri-
bly shocked. 2 (excelente) great: aqul
era un gran libro that was a great book.
. Consulta tambin grande.
granada nf bot pomegranate.
granate adj maroon, claret.
P nm 1 (color) maroon, claret. 2 (mine-
ral) garnet.
grande adj 1 (tamao) large, big. 2 (fuer-
te, intenso) great: su partida les produjo
una pena muy grande his departure
caused them great sorrow. 3 (mayor)
grown-up, old, big.
P nm (de elevada jerarqua) great. l o c a lo
grande on a grand scale, in a big
way. y estar grande una cosa a algn to
be too big on sb. y pasarlo en grande
fam to have a great time.
. Consulta tambin gran.
grandeza nf 1 (tamao) size. 2 (generosi-
dad) generosity.
grandioso,-a adj grandiose, grand,
magnificent.
granel l o c a granel 1 (sin envase) in
bulk. 2 (en abundancia) lots of.
granero nm granary, barn.
granito nm granite.
granizada nf 1 hailstorm. 2 fig (lluvia)
hail, shower.
granizado,-a nm iced drink.
granizar vi [slo se usa en tercera persona;
no lleva sujeto] to hail.
granizo nm hail, hailstone.
granja nf farm.
granjero,-a nm & nf farmer.
grano nm 1 grain; (de caf) bean. 2 med
pimple, spot. l o c ir al grano fam to
come to the point, get to the point.
P nm pl granos cereals.
granuja nm 1 (pilluelo) ragamuffin, ur-
chin. 2 (estafador) crook, trickster.
186
granulado,-a adj granulated.
granuloso,-a adj 1 (superficie) granular.
2 (piel) pimply.
grapa nf (para papel) staple.
grapadora nf stapler.
grapar vt to staple.
grasa nf grease, fat.
grasiento,-a adj greasy, oily.
graso,-a adj greasy, oily, fatty.
gratamente adv pleasantly.
gratn nm gratin.
gratificacin nf 1 (satisfaccin) gratifi-
cation. 2 (recompensa) reward.
gratificador,-ra adj gratifying, re-
warding.
gratificante adj gratifying, reward-
ing.
gratificar vt 1 (satisfacer) to gratify. 2
(recompensar) to reward, tip.
gratinador nm grill.
gratinar vt to brown under the grill.
gratis adv free.
gratitud nf gratitude.
grato,-a adj pleasant, pleasing (para,
to).
gratuidad nf gratuitousness.
gratuitamente adv (de balde) free of
charge, free.
gratuito,-a adj (de balde) free.
grava nf 1 (guijas) gravel. 2 (piedra ma-
chacada) crushed stone.
gravable adj taxable.
gravar vt to tax.
grave adj 1 (pesado) heavy. 2 (serio)
grave, serious. 3 (voz, nota) deep, low.
l o c estar grave to be seriously ill.
gravedad nf 1 fs gravity. 2 (importan-
cia) gravity, seriousness.
gravemente adv 1 (seriamente) serious-
ly. 2 (solemnemente) solemnly, gravely.
gravilla nf fine gravel.
gravitar vi 1 fs to gravitate. 2 (apoyar-
se en) to rest (sobre, on).
graznar vi 1 (cuervo) to caw, croak. 2
(oca) to honk. 3 (pato) to quack.
graznido nm 1 (de cuervo) caw, croak. 2
(de oca) honk. 3 (de pato) quack.
greca nf fret, fretwork.
 187
Grecia nf Greece.
greda nf fuller's earth, clay.
gregario,-a adj gregarious.
gremial adj 1 trade union, union. 2
hist guild.
gremio nm 1 hist guild, corporation.
2 (sindicato) union. 3 (profesin) profes-
sion.
grea nf lock of entangled hair.
P nf pl greas untidy mop of hair.
gres nm stoneware.
gresca nf 1 (bulla) racket. 2 (ria) row.
griego,-a adj Greek.
P nm & nf (persona) Greek.
P nm griego (idioma) Greek.
grieta nf crack, crevice.
grifera nf taps pl, us faucets pl.
grifo nm (llave) tap, us faucet.
grill nm grill.
grillete nm shackle.
grillo nm zool cricket.
grima nf displeasure, disgust.
gripal adj related to flu.
gripe nf flu, influenza. l o c tener la gri
pe to have (the) flu.
griposo,-a adj flu. l o c estar griposo to
have (the) flu.
gris adj 1 grey (us gray). 2 fig (mediocre)
mediocre, third-rate. 3 fig (triste) grey
(us gray), gloomy.
P nm (color) grey (us gray).
grisceo,-a adj greyish.
gritar vi (gen) to shout; (chillar) cry
out, scream: no me grites! don't shout
at me!
gritero nm shouting, uproar.
grito nm shout; (chillido) cry, scream.
l o c a grito limpio at the top of one's
voice. y dar un grito 1 to shout. 2 (chi-
llar) to scream. y el ltimo grito fig the
latest thing, the last word. y pedir al-
go a gritos fig to be crying out for
sth, be badly in need of sth. y pegar
un grito 1 to shout. 2 (chillar) to
scream.
gritn,-ona adj noisy, loudmouthed.
P nm & nf loudmouth.
grogui adj 1 dep punch-drunk, grog-
gy. 2 fig groggy, half-asleep.
guapetn
grosella nf redcurrant.
grosellero nm redcurrant bush.
groseramente adv crudely, rudely.
grosera nf 1 (ordinariez) rude word,
rude expression. 2 (rusticidad) rude-
ness, coarseness. l o c decir una grose
ra to say something rude.
grosero,-a adj 1 (tosco) coarse, crude. 2
(maleducado) rude.
P nm & nf rude person.
grosor nm thickness.
grotesco,-a adj ridiculous.
gra nf 1 (construccin) crane, derrick. 2
auto breakdown van, us tow truck.
G
gruesa nf (doce docenas) gross.
grueso,-a adj 1 (objeto) thick. 2 (persona)
fat, stout.
P nm grueso 1 (grosor) thickness. 2
(parte principal) bulk.
grulla nf crane.
grumete nm cabin boy.
grumo nm lump; (de sangre) clot; (de le-
che) curd.
grumoso,-a adj lumpy, clotted.
gruido nm grunt, growl.
gruir vi to grunt.
grun,-ona adj grumbling, grumpy.
grupa nf croup, hindquarters pl.
grupo nm 1 group. 2 tc unit, set.
c o m p grupo electrgeno power plant.
y grupo sanguneo blood group.
gruta nf cavern, grotto, cave.
gua nm 1 (juego) marbles pl. 2 (hoyo)
hole for the marbles.
guacamayo nm macaw.
guache nm gouache.
guadaa nf scythe.
guantada nf slap.
guantazo nm slap.
guante nm glove. l o c echar el guante a
algo fam to nick sth.
guantera nf glove compartment.
guaperas adj inv fam good-looking.
P nm o nf good looker, looker.
guapetn,-ona adj fam good-look-
ing.
 guapo
guapo,-a adj 1 good-looking; (hombre)
handsome; (mujer) beautiful, pretty.
2 argot (bonito) nice, smart.
guapote,-a adj fam good-looking.
guapura nf fam good looks pl.
guarda nm o nf (persona) guard, keeper.
P nf 1 (custodia) custody, care. 2 (de la
ley, etc) observance. 3 (de libro) flyleaf.
guardabarrera nm o nf gatekeeper.
guardabarros nm inv mudguard, us
fender.
guardabosque nm forester.
guardacoches nm o nf inv parking at-
tendant.
guardacostas nm o nf inv (persona)
coastguard.
P nm coastguard vessel.
guardaespaldas nm o nf inv bodyguard.
guardafrenos nm o nf inv guard.
guardagujas nm o nf inv (hombre)
pointsman, us switchman; (mujer)
pointswoman, us switchwoman.
guardameta nm o nf goalkeeper.
guardamuebles nm inv furniture
warehouse.
guardapolvo nm 1 (cubierta) dust cov-
er. 2 (mono) overalls pl.
guardar vt 1 (cuidar) to keep, watch
over, keep an eye on. 2 (conservar) to
keep, hold. 3 (la ley) to observe, obey;
(un secreto) to keep. 4 (poner en un sitio) to
put away: gurdatelo en el bolsillo put it in
your pocket. 5 (reservar) to save, keep: le
guardaron el mejor sitio they saved the best
seat for him. 6 inform to save. 7 guar
darse de (precaverse, evitar) to guard
against, avoid, be careful not to. l o c
guardar las formas to be polite.
guardarropa nm 1 (armario) wardrobe.
2 (cuarto) cloakroom.
guardarropa nf wardrobe for props.
guardava nm (hombre) signalman.
guardera nf 1 crche, nursery. 2 (ofi-
cio de guarda) keeping. c o m p guardera
infantil nursery, nursery school.
guardia nf 1 (vigilancia) watch, look-
out. 2 (servicio) duty, call.
P nm o nf (hombre) policeman; (mujer)
policewoman. l o c estar de guardia 1
188
(doctor) to be on duty, be on call. 2
(soldado) to be on guard duty. 3 (mari-
no) to be on watch. c o m p farmacia de
guardia duty chemist's. y mdico
de guardia doctor on duty.
guardin,-ana nm & nf guardian,
keeper, custodian.
guarecer vt to take shelter (de, from),
shelter (de, from).
guarida nf zool haunt, den, lair.
guarnecer vt 1 (decorar) to adorn, dec-
orate; (en cocina) to garnish. 2 (proveer)
to provide (de, with).
guarnicin nf 1 (gen) decoration,
trimmings pl. 2 culin accompaniment to a
main dish. 3 mil garrison.
guarrada nf 1 fam something dirty,
disgusting thing: no hagas guarradas!
don't do such filthy things! 2 fam (mala
pasada) dirty trick.
guarro,-a adj dirty, filthy.
P nm & nf pig, dirty pig.
guasa nf jest, fun, mockery. l o c estar
de guasa to be joking.
guasn,-ona adj funny, joking.
P nm & nf jester, joker.
guata nf 1 (algodn) raw cotton. 2 (relle-
no) padding.
guateado,-a adj padded, quilted.
Guatemala nf Guatemala.
guatemalteco,-a adj Guatemalan.
P nm & nf Guatemalan.
guateque nm party.
guay adj fam great, cool.
gubernamental adj government,
governmental.
gubernativo,-a adj government,
governmental.
gubia nf gouge.
guepardo nm cheetah.
guerra nf war. l o c dar guerra fam to
cause trouble. y declarar la guerra a to
declare war on. c o m p guerra civil civil
war. y guerra fra cold war. y guerra
mundial world war.
guerrear vi to war.
guerrera nf (chaqueta) army jacket.
guerrero,-a adj 1 warlike. 2 fam (nio)
difficult.
P nm & nf warrior, soldier.

guerrilla nf 1 (guerra) guerrilla war-
fare. 2 (banda) guerrilla band.
guerrillero,-a nm & nf guerrilla.
gueto nm ghetto.
gua nm o nf (persona) guide, leader.
P nf 1 (norma) guidance, guideline. 2
(libro) guidebook. c o m p gua de telfo
nos telephone directory, phone
book.
guiar vt 1 to guide, lead. 2 (conducir au-
tomvil) to drive; (barco) to steer; (avin)
to pilot; (caballo, bici) to ride.
P vpr guiarse to be guided.
guijarro nm pebble, stone.
guillotina nf guillotine.
guillotinar vt to guillotine.
guinda nf 1 (fruta) sour cherry, morel-
lo cherry. 2 (remate) final touch.
guindilla nf 1 red pepper, chilli. 2 fam
(polica) cop.
guindo nm morello cherry tree. l o c
caerse algn del guindo fam to cotton
on, twig.
guinea nf guinea.
Guinea nf Guinea. c o m p Guinea Ecua
torial Equatorial Guinea. y Guinea-
Bissau Guinea-Bissau. y Nueva Gui
nea New Guinea.
guineano,-a adj Guinean.
P nm & nf Guinean.
guiapo nm 1 (andrajo) rag, tatter. 2 fig
(persona) wreck.
guiar vt 1 to wink: me gui un ojo he
winked at me. 2 mar to yaw.
guio nm wink.
guiol nm puppet theatre.
guion nm 1 (esquema) notes pl, sketch,
outline. 2 gram hyphen, dash. 3 cine
script.
guionista nm o nf scriptwriter.
guirigay nm 1 (lenguaje) gibberish. 2
(gritero) racket, noise, din.
guirlache nm almond brittle.
guirnalda nf garland, wreath.
guisa nf manner, way.
guisado,-a adj cooked, stewed.
P nm guisado stew.
guisante nm pea.
189 guyans
guisar vt to cook, stew.
P vpr guisarse to cook, stew.
guiso nm stew.
guitarra nf guitar.
guitarrero,-a nm & nf 1 (vendedor) gui-
tar seller. 2 (fabricante) guitar maker.
guitarrista nm o nf guitarist.
gula nf gluttony.
gur nm guru.
gusanillo nm 1 little worm. 2 (espiral)
spiral binding. 3 (intranquilidad) nig-
gling doubt. l o c matar el gusanillo
fam to have a snack.
gusano nm 1 worm; (oruga) caterpil-
lar. 2 fig (persona) worm. c o m p gusano
de seda silkworm.
G
gustar vt 1 (agradar) to like. 2 (probar) to
taste, try.
gustativo,-a adj gustative. c o m p papi
la gustativa taste bud.
gustillo nm 1 fam (regusto) aftertaste. 2
fam (satisfaccin) satisfaction, pleas-
ure.
gusto nm 1 (sentido, sabor) taste. 2 (incli-
nacin) liking, taste. 3 (placer) pleas-
ure: tengo el gusto de presentarle a mi her
mano may I introduce you to my
brother? 4 (capricho) whim, fancy. l o c
con mucho gusto with pleasure. y dar
gusto to please, delight: me da gusto
verla comer I enjoy watching her eat. y
estar a gusto to feel comfortable,
feel at ease. y hacer algo a gusto to en-
joy doing sth. y hacer algo por gusto
to do sth for fun. y qu gusto! how
lovely! y tanto gusto pleased to meet
you. y tener buen gusto to have good
taste.
gustosamente adv with pleasure,
gladly, willingly.
gustoso,-a adj 1 (sabroso) tasty, sa-
voury, palatable. 2 (agradable) agree-
able, pleasant. 3 (con gusto) glad, will-
ing, ready: acept gustosa she accepted
willingly.
gutural adj guttural.
Guyana nf Guyana.
guyans,-esa adj Guyanese.
P nm & nf Guyanese.
 H
190
H, h nf (la letra) H, h.
haba nf (legumbre) broad bean.
haber vi (impersonal) to be: hay un coche
there's a car.
P aux 1 (en tiempos compuestos) to have:
lo has hecho you have done it. 2 haber
de + (obligacin) to have to, must,
should: han de venir hoy they must
come today. 3 haber que + (obligacin)
must, have to: habr que hacerlo we'll
have to do it. l o c haberlo dicho! why
didn't you say so! y haba una vez...
once upon a time there was... y ha
brse visto! what a cheek! y hay que
ver! well, really!, well, I never! y no
hay de qu you're welcome, don't
mention it. y no hay (nada) como...
there's nothing like... y qu hay?
hello!, hi!, how are you doing?
P nm com credit, assets pl.
P nm pl haberes (posesiones) property
sing, assets.
habichuela nf (gen) bean; (juda blanca)
haricot bean; (juda verde) French
bean, green bean.
hbil adj 1 (diestro) skilful (us skillful). 2
(despabilado) clever, smart. 3 (acto)
clever. 4 (apto, adecuado) good, suita-
ble. l o c ser hbil en algo / ser hbil pa
ra algo (persona) to be good at sth .
c o m p da hbil working day.
habilidad nf 1 (aptitud) skill. 2 (astucia)
cleverness, smartness. l o c tener ha
bilidad para algo to be good at sth.
habilidoso,-a adj skilful (us skillful).
habilitar vt 1 (espacio) to fit out; (tiempo)
to set aside: habilit una habitacin para
consulta he fitted a bedroom out as a
consulting room. 2 (capacitar) to enti-
tle, qualify; (autorizar) to empower.
habitable adj habitable, liveable.
habitacin nf 1 (gen) room. 2 (dormito-
rio) bedroom. c o m p habitacin doble
double room. y habitacin individual
single room.
habitante nm o nf inhabitant.
habitar vt to live in, inhabit.
P vi to live.
hbitat nm habitat.
hbito nm 1 (costumbre) habit, custom.
2 (vestido) habit. l o c tener el hbito
de... to be in the habit of...
habitual adj usual, habitual.
habitualmente adv (repetidamente)
usually; (regularmente) regularly.
habituar vt to accustom (a, to).
P vpr habituarse to become accus-
tomed (a, to), get used (a, to) .
habla [va precedido de el en singular] nf 1
(facultad) speech. 2 (idioma) language;
(dialecto) dialect. l o c de habla espaola
/ de habla hispana Spanish-speaking.
y estar al habla con algn to be in touch
with sb . y perder el habla to lose
one's power of speech.
hablado,-a adj spoken, oral: francs
hablado spoken French.
hablador,-ra adj 1 (parlanchn) talka-
tive. 2 (chismoso) gossipy.
habladura [tambin se usa en plural con
el mismo significado] nf (chisme) piece of
gossip; (rumor) rumour (us rumor).
hablante nm o nf speaker.
hablar vi 1 (gen) to speak, talk: habl
conmigo he spoke to me. 2 (mencionar) to
talk, mention: no me habl de eso she
didn't mention that. l o c hablar a solas
to talk to os. y hablar bajo to speak
softly. y hablar claro to speak plainly.
 191
y hablar en broma to be joking. y
quin fue a hablar! look who's
talking!P vt 1 (idioma) to speak: habla
francs he speaks French. 2 (tratar) to
talk over, discuss: ya lo hablaremos des
pus we'll discuss it later. l o c Se habla
ingls English spoken.
P vpr hablarse (uso recproco) to speak,
talk: ayer nos hablamos por telfono we
spoke on the 'phone yesterday. l o c no
hablarse con algn not to be on speak-
ing terms with sb.
hacendado,-a nm & nf landowner.
hacendoso,-a adj house-proud.
hacer vt 1 (producir, fabricar, crear) to
make: hice un pastel I made a cake. 2
(arreglar, disponer - uas) to do; (- barba)
to trim; (- cama) to make; (- maleta) to
pack. 3 (obrar, ejecutar) to do: haz lo que
quieras do what you want. 4 (conseguir -
amigos, dinero) to make. 5 (obligar) to
make: nos hizo leer she made us read. 6
(recorrer) to do: hacer noventa kilmetros
por hora to do ninety kilometres per
hour. 7 (en suma) to make: con esta ha
cen ochenta that makes eighty. 8 (ocupar
un lugar) to be: l hace el nmero cuatro
he's the fourth on the list. 9 (hacer pare-
cer) to make look: ese vestido te hace ma
yor that dress makes you look older. 10
(acostumbrar) to accustom. 11 (practicar)
to do: haces deporte? do you do any
sport? l o c a medio hacer half-done,
half-finished. y as se hace! that's it! y
hace mucho a long time ago. y hacer
bien en... to be right to...: hice bien en ir I
was right to go. y hacer mal to do the
wrong thing. y hacer tiempo to kill
time.
P vi 1 (actuar) to play (de, -); (representar)
to act: hizo de abuela she played the
grandmother. 2 (comportarse) to pretend
to be, act: hacer el tonto to act the fool.
3 (clima) to be: hace buen da it's a fine
day. 4 (tiempo pasado) ago: hace tres aos
three years ago. l o c hacer como que +
to pretend, act as if: hizo como que no
saba nada he acted as if he knew noth-
ing. y hacer como si + to pretend, act
as if.
halgeno
P vpr hacerse 1 (volverse) to become,
get: hacerse rico to get rich. 2 (crecer) to
grow: se ha hecho mucho he's grown a
lot. 3 (resultar) to become, go on,
seem: la pelcula se hizo muy larga the
film went on too long. 4 (simular) to
pretend: se hizo la elegante she pretend-
ed to be elegant. 5 (mandar hacer) to
have made, have done: me hice un
vestido en la modista I had a dress made at
the dressmaker's. l o c hacerse el/la
sordo,-a fig to turn a deaf ear. y hacer
se una idea de algo to imagine sth.
hacha [va precedido de el en singular] nf
(instrumento) axe (us ax).
hache nf (la letra) aitch.
hacia prep 1 (direccin) towards, to. 2
(tiempo) at about, at around: estaremos H
ah hacia las dos we'll be there at about
two. l o c hacia abajo downward(s),
down. y hacia ac this way. y hacia
adelante forward(s): inclnate hacia de
lante lean forward. y hacia all that
way. y hacia atrs backward(s),
back. y hacia casa home, homeward.
hacienda nf 1 (bienes) property,
wealth, possessions pl. 2 (finca) es-
tate, property, us ranch. 3 fin Treas-
ury. c o m p hacienda pblica public
funds pl, public finances pl.
hada [va precedido de el en singular] nf
fairy.
Hait nm Haiti.
haitiano,-a adj Haitian.
P nm & nf Haitian.
halagador,-ra adj flattering.
halagar vt 1 (lisonjear) to flatter. 2 (satis-
facer) to please.
halago nm compliment, flattery.
halcn nm falcon.
hallar vt 1 (encontrar) to find. 2 (averi-
guar) to find out.
P vprhallarse (estar) to be: se hallaba en
fermo he was ill.
hallazgo nm 1 (descubrimiento) finding,
discovery. 2 (cosa descubierta) find.
halo nm halo, aura.
halgeno,-a adj halogenous.
 hamaca
hamaca nf 1 (de red) hammock. 2 (tum-
bona) deck chair.
hambre [va precedido de el en singular] nf
hunger, starvation, famine. l o c ma
tar el hambre fig to stave off hunger.
y ser ms listo,-a que el hambre fig to
be a cunning devil. y tener hambre to
be hungry.
hambriento,-a adj 1 hungry, starv-
ing. 2 fig hungry, longing: hambriento
de justicia longing for justice.
hambruna nf famine.
hamburguesa nf hamburger.
hamburguesera nf hamburger res-
taurant.
hmster nm hamster.
harapiento,-a adj ragged, tattered.
harapo nm rag, tatter.
hardware nm hardware.
harn nm harem.
harina nf flour.
hartar vt 1 (atiborrar) to satiate, fill up.
2 fig (deseo, etc) to satisfy. 3 (fastidiar) to
annoy, irritate: me harta con sus tonte
ras his silly remarks get on muy nerves.
4 (cansar) to tire, bore.
P vpr hartarse 1 (atiborrarse) to eat
one's fill, stuff os. 2 (cansarse) to get
fed up (de, with), get tired (de, of):
me hart de esperarla I got tired of wait-
ing for her. l o c hasta hartarse to re-
pletion.
harto,-a adj 1 (repleto) full, satiated. 2
fam (cansado) tired (de, of), fed up (de,
with).
hasta prep 1 (tiempo) until, till, up to:
hasta el sbado until Saturday; desde las
diez hasta las dos from ten to two. 2 (lu-
gar) as far as, up to, down to. 3 (canti-
dad) up to, as many as. 4 (incluso)
even: hasta sabe escribir she even knows
how to write. 5 (como despedida) see
you: hasta maana! see you tomorrow!
l o c desde... hasta... from... to... y
hasta cundo? until when?, how
long? y hasta que until.
hastiar vt to bore.
P vpr hastiarse to get sick (de, of), get
tired (de, of).
192
hasto nm 1 (repugnancia) disgust. 2 fig
(aburrimiento) boredom.
hatajo nm fig heap, lot, bunch: un ha
tajo de disparates a load of nonsense.
hatillo nm small bundle.
haya nf bot beech.
hayedo nm beech groove.
haz nm 1 (de cosas) bundle. 2 (de luz)
shaft, beam.
hazaa nf deed, exploit, heroic feat.
hazmerrer nm laughing stock.
hebilla nf buckle.
hebra nf 1 (de hilo) thread. 2 (de carne)
sinew; (de legumbre) string; (de madera)
grain; (de planta) strand.
hebreo,-a adj Hebrew.
P nm & nf (persona) Hebrew.
P nm hebreo (idioma) Hebrew.
hechicera nf 1 (arte) sorcery, witch-
craft. 2 (hechizo) spell, charm.
hechicero,-a nm & nf (hombre) sorcerer,
wizard; (mujer) sorceress, witch.
hechizar vt 1 (embrujar) cast a spell on.
2 fig (cautivar) to charm, bewitch.
hechizo nm 1 (embrujo) charm, spell. 2
fig (embelesamiento) fascination,
charm.
hecho,-a adj 1 (carne) done. 2 (persona)
mature. 3 (frase, expresin) set. 4 (ropa)
ready-made. l o c muy hecho,-a 1 (car-
ne) well-cooked. 2 (pasada) over-
done. y ser un hombre hecho y derecho
to be a real man.
P nm hecho 1 (realidad) fact. 2 (suceso)
event. l o c de hecho in fact.
hectrea nf hectare.
hectogramo nm hectogramme.
hectolitro nm hectolitre.
hectmetro nm hectometre.
hediondo,-a adj (apestoso) stinking,
foul-smelling, smelly.
hedor nm stink, stench.
helada nf meteor frost.
heladera nf ice-cream parlour.
helado,-a adj 1 (gen) frozen: estoy hela
do I'm frozen. 2 (muy fro) icy, freezing
cold. 3 (caf, t) iced.
 193
P nm helado ice-cream. l o c dejar a algn
helado,-a to stun sb.
helador,-ra adj icy, freezing.
helar vt (congelar) to freeze.
P vi [slo se usa en tercera persona; no lleva
sujeto] meteor to freeze: anoche hel it
froze last night.
P vprhelarse 1 (congelarse) to freeze: el
estanque se ha helado the pond has fro-
zen over. 2 (persona) to freeze, freeze
to death: me estoy helando I'm freezing.
helecho nm fern.
hlice nf 1 (espiral) helix. 2 (propulsor)
propeller.
helicptero nm helicopter.
helio nm helium.
helipuerto nm heliport.
hematoma nm bruise.
hembra nf 1 (animal) female. 2 (mujer)
woman. 3 tc female.
hemeroteca nf newspaper library.
hemiciclo nm (parlamento) floor.
hemisferio nm hemisphere.
hemorragia nf haemorrhage. c o m p
hemorragia nasal nosebleed.
hemorroide nf haemorrhoid.
P nf pl hemorroides piles, haemor-
rhoids.
henchir vt (llenar) to fill ( de, with),
stuff (de, with), cram (de, with).
hender vt (cortar) to cleave, split,
crack.
hendidura nf cleft, crack.
heno nm hay.
hepatitis nf inv hepatitis.
heptaedro nm heptahedron.
heptagonal adj heptagonal.
heptgono,-a adj heptagonal.
P nm heptgono heptagon.
herldica nf heraldry.
herbario,-a adj herbal.
P nm& nf (botnico) botanist.
P nmherbario (coleccin) herbarium.
herbicida nm weedkiller, herbicide.
herbvoro,-a adj herbivorous, grass-
eating.
P nm & nf herbivore.
hermoso
herbolario,-a nm & nf (persona) herbal-
ist.
P nm herbolario (tienda) herbalist's
(shop).
herboristera nf herbalist's (shop).
hercio nm hertz.
heredad nf (terreno) country estate.
heredar vt 1 to inherit. 2 fig to inher-
it: ha heredado los ojos de su padre he's got
his father's eyes.
heredero,-a nm & nf (hombre) heir; (mu-
jer) heiress.
hereditario,-a adj hereditary.
hereje nm o nf heretic.
hereja nf heresy.
herencia nf 1 inheritance, legacy. 2
(gentica) heredity.
hertico,-a adj heretical. H
herida nf wound.
herido,-a adj 1 (fsicamente) wounded,
injured, hurt: el nio result herido the
boy was injured. 2 fig (emocionalmente)
hurt, wounded. l o c herido,-a de gra
vedad badly injured.
P nm & nf wounded person, injured
person.
herir vt 1 (daar) to wound, injure,
hurt. 2 fig (ofender) to hurt, offend.
hermafrodita adj hermaphrodite.
hermanado,-a adj (ciudad, pueblo)
twinned.
hermanar vt 1 (unir) to unite, join. 2
(combinar) to combine. 3 (personas) to
unite spiritually. 4 (ciudades) to twin.
hermanastro,-a nm & nf (hombre) step-
brother; (mujer) stepsister.
hermandad nf (de hermanos) fraternity,
brotherhood; (de hermanas) fraternity,
sisterhood.
hermano,-a nm & nf (hombre) brother;
(mujer) sister: cuntos hermanos tienes?
how many brothers and sisters have
you got?
hermtico,-a adj 1 hermetic, airtight.
2 fig impenetrable, secretive.
hermoso,-a adj 1 (gen) beautiful,
lovely: hace un da hermoso it's a lovely
day. 2 (hombre) handsome.
hermosura
hermosura adj (cualidad - de mujer, lugar)
beauty, loveliness; (- de hombre)
handsomeness.
P nf 1 (mujer hermosa) beautiful wom-
an, beauty. 2 (persona, cosa) beautiful
thing.
hernia nf hernia, rupture.
hroe nm hero.
heroicamente adv heroically.
heroico,-a adj heroic.
herona nf 1 (mujer) heroine. 2 (droga)
heroin.
herosmo nm heroism.
herpes nm inv herpes, shingles.
herradura nf horseshoe.
herraje nm iron fittings pl, ironwork.
herramienta nf tool.
herrar vt (caballo) to shoe.
herrera nf 1 (fbrica) ironworks pl. 2
(taller) forge, smithy, blacksmith's.
herrero nm blacksmith, smith.
herrumbre nf (xido) rust.
hervir vt to boil.
P vi 1 to boil: el agua ya hierve the water
is boiling. 2 fig (el mar) to surge.
hervor nm boiling, bubbling. l o c dar
un hervor a algo to blanch sth.
heterogneo,-a adj heterogeneous.
heterosexual adj heterosexual.
P nm o nf heterosexual.
hexaedro nm hexahedron.
hexagonal adj hexagonal.
hexgono nm hexagon.
hexmetro nm hexameter.
hiato nm hiatus.
hibernacin nf hibernation.
hibernar vi to hibernate.
hibisco nm hibiscus.
hbrido,-a adj hybrid.
P nm & nf hybrid.
hidalgo,-a nm nobleman.
hidratante adj moisturizing.
hidratar vt 1 to hydrate. 2 (piel) to
moisturize.
hidrulico,-a adj hydraulic.
hdrico,-a adj hydric.
hidroavin nm seaplane.
hidrocarburo nm hydrocarbon.
194
hidroelctrico,-a adj hydroelectric.
hidrgeno nm hydrogen.
hidromasaje c o m p baera de hidroma
saje Jacuzzi, whirlpool bath.
hidroterapia nf hydrotherapy.
hiedra nf ivy.
hiel nf 1 bile. 2 fig bitterness, gall.
hielo nm 1 ice. 2 fig (frialdad) coldness.
comp cubito de hielo ice cube.
hiena nf hyaena, hyena.
hiertico,-a adj (rgido) rigid.
hierba nf 1 grass. 2 culin herb. comp
finas hierbas mixed herbs.
hierbabuena nf mint.
hierro nm (metal) iron. c o m p hierro forja
do wrought iron. y hierro fundido
cast iron.
hgado nm liver.
higiene nf hygiene.
higinico,-a adj hygienic.
higo nm fig. l o c de higos a brevas fig
once in a blue moon. c o m p higo
chumbo prickly pear.
higuera nf fig tree.
hijastro,-a nm & nf (nio, nia) stepchild;
(hijo) stepson; (hija) stepdaughter.
hijo,-a nm & nf (nio, nia) child; (chico)
son; (chica) daughter: tiene dos hijos y
dos hijas he has two sons and two
daughters. c o m p hijo,-a nico,-a 1 (nio,
nia) only child. 2 (chico) only son. 3
(chica) only daughter.
P nm pl hijos children: tiene cuatro hijos
she has four children.
hilacha nf 1 (hilacho) loose thread. 2
(resto) rest.
hilado,-a adj spun.
P nm hilado 1 (operacin) spinning.
2 (hilo) thread.
hilandera nf 1 (arte) spinning. 2 (fbri-
ca) spinning mill.
hilandero,-a nm & nf spinner.
hilar vt 1 to spin. 2 fig to work out.
hilarante adj hilarious.
hilaridad nf fml hilarity, mirth.
hilatura nf 1 (arte) spinning. 2 (industria)
spinning mill.
hilera nf (lnea) line, row.
 195
hilo nm 1 thread; (grueso) yarn. 2 (lino)
linen. 3 (alambre, cable) wire. 4 fig (de
luz) thread, thin beam; (de lquido)
trickle, thin stream. 5 fig (de historia,
discurso) thread; (de pensamiento) train.
l o c estar pendiente de un hilo fig to
be hanging by a thread. y mover los
hilos fig to pull the strings. y perder el
hilo fig to lose the thread.
hilvanar vt 1 to tack, baste. 2 fig to
put together, outline.
himno nm hymn. c o m p
hincapi l o c hacer hincapi (insistir) to
insist on. (subrayar) to emphasize
(en, -), stress (en, -).
hincar vt (clavar) to drive (in).
hincha nm o nf dep fan, supporter.
hinchado,-a adj 1 (inflado) blown up. 2
(piel) swollen, puffed up.
hinchar vt 1 (inflar) to blow up; (con
bomba) to pump up: hinchar un globo to
blow up a balloon. 2 fig (exagerar) to
blow up.
P vpr hincharse 1 med to swell (up): se
me ha hinchado el pie my foot has swol-
len up. 2 fam (comer) to stuff os.
hinchazn nf swelling, inflation.
hind adj Hindu.
P nm o nf Hindu.
hinduismo nm Hinduism.
hinojo nm bot fennel.
hipar vi (tener hipo) to hiccup, have the
hiccups.
hiperactivo,-a adj hyperactive.
hipermercado nm hypermarket.
hipersensible adj hypersensitive.
hipertensin nf high blood pressure.
hipertenso,-a adj hypertensive.
P nm & nf hypertensive.
hpica nf horse riding.
hpico,-a adj horse, equestrian.
hipnosis nf inv hypnosis.
hipntico,-a adj hypnotic.
hipnotismo nm hypnotism.
hipnotizador,-ra adj hypnotizing.
P nm & nf hypnotist.
hipnotizar vt to hypnotize.
hipo nm hiccup. l o c quitar el hipo fig
to take one's breath away.
historiado
hipocondraco,-a adj hypochondri-
ac.
hipocresa nf hypocrisy.
hipcrita adj hypocritical.
P nm o nf hypocrite.
hipdromo nm racetrack, race-
course.
hipoptamo nm hippopotamus.
hipoteca nf mortgage.
hipotecar vt to mortgage.
hipotecario,-a adj mortgage.
hipotensin nf low blood pressure.
hipotenso,-a adj hypotensive.
hipotenusa nf hypotenuse.
hiptesis nf inv hypothesis.
hipottico,-a adj hypothetic, hypo-
H
thetical.
hippie adj hippy.
P nmo nf hippy.
hiriente adj 1 wounding. 2 fig hurt-
ful, cutting, wounding.
hirsuto,-a adj 1 hairy; (cerdoso) bristly.
2 fig (persona) rough, brusque, surly.
hispnico,-a adj Hispanic, Spanish.
hispano,-a adj 1 (de Espaa) Spanish,
Hispanic. 2 (de Amrica) Spanish-
American.
P nm & nf 1 (de Espaa) Spaniard. 2 (de
Amrica) Spanish American, us His-
panic.
hispanoamericano,-a adj Spanish
American, Latin American.
Hispanoamrica nf Spanish Ameri-
ca, Latin America.
hispanohablante adj Spanish-speak-
ing.
P nm o nf Spanish speaker.
histeria nf hysteria.
histrico,-a adj hysterical.
P nm & nf hys t er i c. l o c poner
histrico,-a a algn fam to drive sb
mad.
histerismo nm hysteria.
historia nf 1 (estudio) history. 2 (narra-
cin) story, tale. l o c pasar a la historia
to go down in history. c o m p historia
natural natural history. y historia uni
versal world history.
historiado,-a adj fig overelaborate.
 historiador
historiador,-ra nm & nf historian.
historial nm 1 med medical record,
case history. 2 (currculo) curriculum
vitae.
historiar vt 1 (contar) to tell the story
of; (acontecimientos) to recount. 2 (escri-
bir) to write the history of.
histrico,-a adj 1 (relativo a la historia)
historical. 2 (importante) historic,
memorable. 3 (cierto) factual, true.
historieta nf 1 (cuento) short story, an-
ecdote. 2 (vietas) comic strip.
hito nm 1 (mojn) milestone. 2 fig (hecho
importante) milestone, landmark.
hobby nm hobby.
hocico nm (de animal) snout, muzzle.
hockey nm hockey. c o m p hockey sobre
hielo ice hockey.
hogar nm 1 (de chimenea) hearth, fire-
place. 2 fig (casa) home. 3 fig (familia)
family.
hogareo,-a adj 1 (vida) family. 2 (per-
sona) home-loving, stay-at-home.
hogaza nf large loaf (of bread).
hoguera nf 1 bonfire. 2 fig blaze.
hoja nf 1 (gen) leaf. 2 (ptalo) petal. 3 (de
papel) sheet. 4 (de libro) leaf, page. 5
(de cuchillo, etc) blade. 6 (de puerta, venta-
na) leaf: una ventana de dos hojas a dou-
ble-leaf window. l o c de hoja perenne
bot evergreen. y c o m p hoja de afeitar
razor blade.
hojalata nf tin, tin plate.
hojalatera nf (taller, tienda) tinsmith's.
hojalatero nm tinsmith.
hojaldrado,-a adj puff: pasta hojaldrada
puff pastry.
hojaldre nm & nf [suele utilizarse ms co-
mo masculino] puff pastry.
hojarasca nf dead leaves pl.
hojeada nf flick.
hojear vt to leaf through.
hola interj fam hello!, hullo!, us hi!
Holanda nf Holland.
holands,-esa adj Dutch.
P nm & nf (persona) Dutch person;
(hombre) Dutchman; (mujer) Dutch-
woman.
P nm holands (idioma) Dutch.
196
holandesa nf (papel) quarto sheet.
holgado,-a adj 1 (ropa) loose. 2 (espa-
cio) roomy. 3 (posicin) comfortable.
holgar vi 1 (descansar) to rest. 2 (estar
ocioso) to be idle. l o c huelga decir
que... needless to say (that)...
holgazn,-ana adj idle, lazy.
P nm & nf lazybones, layabout.
holgazanear vi to laze around.
holgazanera nf idleness, laziness.
holgura nf 1 (ropa) looseness. 2 (espa-
cio) room, spaciousness. 3 fig (bienes-
tar) affluence, comfort.
hollar vt (comprimir) to tread (on).
holln nm soot.
holocausto nm holocaust.
hombre nm 1 (individuo) man. 2 (especie)
man, mankind. 3 fam (marido) hus-
band.
P interj (asombro) hey!, hey there!,
well!: hombre, Pedro, no te esperaba! hey,
Pedro, I didn't expect you! c o m p hombre
orquesta one-man band. y hombre ra
na frogman.
hombrera nf shoulder pad.
hombra nm manliness, virility.
hombro nm shoulder. l o c a hombros
on one's shoulders. y arrimar el hom
bro to help out, lend a hand.
hombruno,-a adj mannish, manly.
homenaje nm homage, tribute. l o c
en homenaje a in honour of. y rendir
homenaje a algn to pay tribute to sb.
homenajear vt to pay tribute to.
homeopata nf homeopathy.
homicida adj homicidal, murder: el
arma homicida the murder weapon.
P nm o nf (hombre) murderer; (mujer)
murderess.
homicidio nm homicide, murder.
homnido nm hominid, hominoid.
homogneo,-a adj homogeneous.
homologado,-a adj 1 (centro, estudios)
officially approved, officially rec-
ognized. 2 (productos) authorized.
homologar vt (comprobar) to approve,
recognize, authorize.
homosexual adj homosexual.
P nm o nf homosexual.
 197
homosexualidad nf homosexuality.
honda nf sling.
hondo,-a adj 1 deep. 2 fig profound.
hondonada nf hollow, depression.
hondura nf depth.
Honduras nm Honduras.
hondureo,-a adj Honduran.
P nm & nf Honduran.
honestidad nf 1 (honradez) honesty,
uprightness. 2 (decencia) decency.
honesto,-a adj 1 (honrado) honest, up-
right. 2 (decente) decent.
hongo nm (gen) fungus; (comestible)
mushroom; (venenoso) toadstool.
honor nm (virtud) honour. l o c en honor
a la verdad to be fair, in all fairness. y
hacer honor a to live up to.
P nm pl honores (agasajo) honours.
honorable adj honourable.
honorario,-a adj honorary.
P nm pl honorarios fees.
honorfico,-a adj honorary.
honra nf 1 (honor) honour. 2 (buena repu-
tacin) reputation, good name.
P nf pl honras (fnebres) last honours.
honradez nf honesty, integrity.
honrado,-a adj (honesto) honest.
honrar vt (gen) to honour: nos honr con
su presencia he honoured us with his
presence.
P vpr honrarse to be honoured.
honroso,-a adj 1 (que honra) honoura-
ble. 2 (decoroso) respectable.
hora nf 1 (unidad de tiempo) hour: media
hora half an hour. 2 (tiempo) time: qu
hora es? what time is it? 3 (cita) appoint-
ment: tengo hora para las cuatro y media
I have an appointment at half past four.
l o c a altas horas in the small hours. y
a buenas horas! and about time too!
y a la hora at the proper time, on
time. y a primera hora first thing in
the morning. y dar la hora to strike
the hour. y de ltima hora last-
minute: una noticia de ltima hora some
last-minute news. y pedir hora to make
an appointment. y por horas by the
hour: cobro por horas I get paid by the
horrible
hour. c o m p hora de comer lunch time,
dinner time. y hora punta rush hour.
horadar vt 1 (perforar) to pierce. 2 (tala-
drar) to bore (through).
horario,-a adj time.
P nm horario 1 timetable. 2 (jornada la-
boral) hours pl, timetable: tengo horario
de maana I work mornings. c o m p hora
rio comercial (tienda) opening hours pl.
y horario laboral working hours pl.
horca nf 1 (patbulo) gallows pl, gibbet.
2 agr hayfork, pitchfork.
horcajadas l o c a horcajadas astride.
horchata nf sweet milky drink made
from tiger nuts or almonds.
horchatera nf bar where horchata is
H
sold.
horda nf 1 horde, mob. 2 fig gang.
horizontal adj horizontal.
horizonte nm horizon.
horma nf 1 mould. 2 (de zapato) last.
hormiga nf ant.
hormign nm concrete. c o m p hormi
gn armado reinforced concrete.
hormigonera nf concrete mixer.
hormiguear vi to itch, tingle: me hor
migueaba la mano I had pins and needles
in my hand.
hormigueo nm pins and needles pl.
hormiguero nm ant hill, ant's nest.
hormona nf hormone.
hormonal adj hormonal.
hornacina nf niche.
hornada nf 1 batch. 2 fig set, batch.
hornear vt to bake.
hornillo nm 1 tc small furnace. 2 (pa-
ra cocinar) stove.
horno nm 1 (de cocina) oven. 2 tc fur-
nace. 3 (cermica, ladrillos) kiln. 4 (pana-
dera) bakery. c o m p horno (de) mi
croondas microwave oven. y horno
elctrico electric oven.
horscopo nm horoscope.
horquilla nf (de pelo) hairgrip, hairclip.
horrendo,-a adj horrible, awful.
hrreo nm granary.
horrible adj horrible, awful.
horripilante 198
horripilante adj hair-raising, horrify-
ing, terrifying.
horripilar vt to horrify, scare stiff.
horror nm 1 (repulsin) horror, terror. 2
(temor) hate. 3 fig (atrocidad) atrocity.
l o c qu horror! how awful!
horrorizar vt (causar horror) to horrify,
terrify.
P vpr horrorizarse to be horrified.
horroroso,-a adj 1 (que causa miedo)
horrifying. 2 fam (feo) hideous.
hortaliza nf vegetable.
hortelano,-a nm & nf market garden-
er.
hortensia nf hydrangea.
hortera adj fam common, tasteless.
hortcola adj horticultural.
horticultor,-ra nm & nf horticulturist.
horticultura nf horticulture.
hosco,-a adj 1 (insociable) sullen, surly.
2 (lugar) gloomy, dark.
hospedaje nm 1 (accin) lodging; (pre-
cio) cost of lodging. 2 (lugar) lodgings
pl, accommodation.
hospedar vt to lodge, put up.
P vpr hospedarse to stay (en, at).
hospicio nm 1 (de hurfanos) orphanage.
2 (de pobres) poorhouse.
hospital nm hospital, infirmary.
hospitalidad nf hospitality.
hospitalizar vt to send into hospital,
hospitalize.
hostal nm hostel, hotel.
hostelera nf catering.
hostia nf 1 rel host. 2 tab (choque)
bump, bash; (torta) slap, punch.
hostigar vt 1 (azotar) to whip. 2 fig
(perseguir) to plague, persecute.
hostil adj hostile.
hostilidad nf hostility.
P nf pl hostilidades hostilities.
hotel nm (establecimiento) hotel.
hotelero,-a adj hotel.
P nm & nf hotel manager, hotelier.
hoy adv 1 (da) today. 2 fig (actualmente)
now, nowadays. l o c de hoy en ade
lante from now on. y hoy (en) da
nowadays, today, these days.
hoyo nm 1 (agujero) hole, pit. 2 (sepultu-
ra) grave.
hoyuelo nm dimple.
hoz1 nf agr sickle.
hoz2 nf geog ravine, gorge.
hucha nf moneybox, piggy bank.
hueco,-a adj 1 hollow: pared hueca hol-
low wall, stud wall. 2 (vaco) empty. 3
(cncavo) concave.
P nm hueco 1 (cavidad) hollow, hole. 2
(de tiempo) slot, free time; (de espacio)
empty space. 3 fig (vacante) vacancy.
huelga nf strike. l o c estar en huelga /
estar de huelga to be on strike. c o m p
huelga de brazos cados go-slow. y
huelga de celo work-to-rule. y huelga
general general strike. y huelga de
hambre hunger strike.
. Consulta tambin holgar.
huelguista nm o nf striker.
huella nf 1 (de pie) footprint; (de ruedas)
track. 2 fig (vestigio) trace, sign: las hue
llas del tiempo the traces of time. l o c de
jar huella to leave one's mark ( en,
on). c o m p huella dactilar fingerprint.
hurfano,-a adj orphan, orphaned.
P nm & nf orphan.
huerta nf (terreno) market garden.
huerto nm (de verduras) vegetable gar-
den; (de frutas) orchard.
hueso nm 1 anat bone. 2 (de fruta) stone,
us pit. 3 fam fig (cosa difcil) struggle,
problem: las ciencias son un hueso para m
(me cuestan mucho) I find sciences really
hard. l o c ser un hueso duro de roer fig
to be a hard nut to crack.
husped,-da nm & nf (invitado) guest.
hueste nf [tambin se usa en plural con el
mismo significado] mil army, host.
huesudo,-a adj bony.
hueva nf roe, spawn.
huevera nf 1 (copa) egg cup. 2 (cartn)
egg box.
huevera nf egg shop.
huevero,-a nm & nf (persona) egg seller.
huevo nm egg. c o m p huevo duro hard-
boiled egg. y huevo frito fried egg. y
huevo pasado por agua soft-boiled egg.
 199
huida nf flight, escape.
huidizo,-a adj fleeting, elusive.
huir vi 1 (escapar) to flee, run away. 2
(evitar) to avoid (de, -).
hule nm oilcloth, oilskin.
hulla nf coal.
humanidad nf 1 (gnero humano) hu-
manity, mankind. 2 (cualidad) hu-
manity, humaneness.
P nf pl humanidades educ humanities.
humanismo nm humanism.
humanista nm o nf humanist.
humanstico,-a adj humanistic.
humanitario,-a adj humanitarian.
humanizar vt to humanize.
P vpr humanizarse to become more
human.
humano,-a adj 1 human. 2 (benigno)
humane.
humareda nf cloud of smoke.
humeante adj 1 (de humo) smoky,
smoking. 2 (de vaho) steaming.
humear vi 1 (humo) to smoke. 2 (vaho)
to steam.
humectante adj moistening.
humedad nf 1 humidity. 2 (de vapor)
moisture.
humedecer vt to moisten, dampen.
P vpr humedecerse to become moist.
hmedo,-a adj 1 (clima) humid, damp.
2 (impregnado) damp, moist, wet.
hmero nm humerus.
humidificador nm humidifier.
humidificar vt to humidify.
humildad nf humility, humbleness.
humilde adj humble, modest.
humildemente adv humbly.
humillacin nf humiliation.
humillante adj humiliating.
humillar vt to humiliate, humble.
P vpr humillarse to humble os.
humo nm 1 smoke. 2 (gas) fumes pl. 3
(vapor) steam.
P nm pl humos fig airs. l o c bajarle los
humos a algn fig to put sb in his/her
place.
huso
humor nm 1 (nimo) mood. 2 (carcter)
temper. 3 (gracia) humour. l o c estar
de buen humor to be in a good
mood.
humorada nf joke, witticism.
humorismo nm humour.
humorista adj humorous.
P nm o nf (cmico) comedian.
humorstico,-a adj humorous.
humus nm inv humus.
hundible adj sinkable.
hundido,-a adj 1 (barco, etc) sunken.
2 (ojos) deep-set; (mejillas) hollow.
hundimiento nm 1 (barco) sinking. 2
(tierra) subsidence. 3 (edificio) collapse.
hundir vt 1 (sumir) plunge: hundi la ma
no en la arena she plunged her hand into
the sand. 2 (barco) to sink. 3 (derrumbar) H
to demolish, ruin: el terremoto hundi
el edificio the earthquake caused the
building to collapse.
P vpr hundirse 1 (barco) to sink. 2 (de-
rrumbarse) to collapse, fall down.
hngaro,-a adj Hungarian.
P nm & nf (persona) Hungarian.
P nm hngaro (idioma) Hungarian.
Hungra nf Hungary.
huracn nm hurricane.
huracanado,-a adj hurricane: vientos
huracanados hurricane winds.
hurao,-a adj sullen, unsociable.
hurgar vt 1 (remover) to poke, rake. 2
(bolsillo, bolso, etc) to rummage in.
P vpr hurgarse to pick.
hurn,-ona nm (animal) ferret.
hurra interj hurray!, hurrah!
hurraca nf magpie.
hurtadillas l o c a hurtadillas stealthi-
ly, on the sly.
hurtar vt (robar) to steal, pilfer.
hurto nm petty theft, pilfering.
husmeador,-ra adj 1 (con la nariz) sniff-
ing. 2 fig (fisgn) prying.
husmear vt 1 (con el olfato) to sniff,
scent. 2 fig (indagar) to pry (en, into).
P vi 1 to sniff. 2 fig to snoop around.
huso nm (para hilar) spindle, bobbin.
c o m p huso horario time zone.
 I
200

I, i nf (la letra) I, i. idiota adj 1 med idiotic. 2 fam (tonto)

comp i griega name of the letter y. y i latina stupid.
name of the letter i. P nm o nf idiot.
ibrico,-a adj Iberian. idiotez nf 1 med idiocy. 2 (estupidez) stu-
bero,-a adj Iberian. pid thing to say, stupid thing to do.
P nm & nf (persona) Iberian. idiotizar vt to turn into an idiot.
iberoamericano,-a adj Latin Ameri- ido,-a adj 1 (loco) mad. 2 (despistado) ab-
can. sent-minded. l o c estar ido,-a 1 fam
P nm & nf Latin American.
(loco) to be mad. 2 (despistado) to be
miles away.
iceberg nm iceberg.
idolatrar vt 1 to worship. 2 fig to
icono nm icon. idolize.
ida nf (accin) going; (salida) departure. dolo nm idol.
l o c de ida sola single. y de ida y vuelta
idneo,-a adj suitable.
(billete) return. iglesia nf 1 (edificio) church. 2 (institucin)
idea nf 1 idea. 2 (nocin) notion. 3 (inge- Church.
nio) imagination. igl nm igloo.
ideal adj ideal. ignorancia nf ignorance.
P nm ideal.
ignorante adj ignorant.
idealismo nm idealism. P nm o nf ignoramus.
idealista adj idealistic. ignorar vt 1 (desconocer) not to know, not
P nm o nf idealist. be aware of. 2 (no hacer caso) to ignore.
idealizar vt to idealize. igual adj 1 (parte) equal. 2 (lo mismo) the
idear vt 1 (concebir) to conceive. 2 (inven- same. 3 (muy parecido) just like.
tar) to design. P nm (persona) equal.

ideario nm ideology. P adv 1 (en comparativas) the same. 2

idntico,-a adj identical. fam maybe, perhaps: igual no vienen

identidad nf identity. c o m p carnet de
identidad identity card.
identificar vt to identify.
P vpr identificarse (solidarizarse) to
identify (con, with).
ideologa nf ideology.
idelogo,-a nm & nf ideologist.
idlico,-a adj idyllic.
idilio nm 1 lit idyll. 2 fam romance.
idioma nm language.
idiosincrasia nf idiosyncrasy.
they may well not come.
igualar vt 1 to make equal. 2 (allanar)
to level; (pulir) to smooth. 3 (comparar)
to match: no hay nadie que lo iguale no-
body can match him, he has no equal.
P vpr igualarse 1 (ser iguales) to be
equal. 2 (compararse) to be compared.
igualdad nf equality.
iguana nf iguana.
ilegal adj illegal.
ilegalidad nf illegality.
ilegible adj unreadable, illegible.

ilegtimo,-a adj illegitimate.
ileso,-a adj unharmed, unhurt. loc
salir ileso,-a to escape unharmed.
iletrado,-a adj illiterate.
ilcito,-a adj unlawful, illicit.
ilimitado,-a adj unlimited.
ilgico,-a adj illogical.
iluminacin nf (de una sala) lighting;
(de una feria) illumination; (de una pel-
cula, un espectculo) lighting.
iluminar vt to light, light up.
ilusin nf 1 (no real) illusion. 2 (esperan-
za) hope. 3 (emocin) excitement.
ilusionado,-a adj excited.
ilusionar vt 1 (crear ilusiones) to raise
hopes. 2 (entusiasmar) to excite.
P vpr ilusionarse 1 (esperanzarse) to
build up one's hopes. 2 (entusiasmarse)
to be excited (con, about).
ilusionismo nm conjuring.
ilusionista nm o nf conjurer, illusionist.
iluso,-a adj naive, gullible.
ilustracin nf 1 (de un texto) illustra-
tion. 2 (erudicin) learning. 3 la Ilustra
cin hist the Enlightenment.
ilustrado,-a adj 1 (texto) illustrated. 2
(culto) learned. 3 hist of the Enlight-
enment.
ilustrar vt 1 (texto) to illustrate. 2 (ins-
truir) to enlighten.
ilustre adj 1 (clebre) renowned, illus-
trious. 2 (distinguido) distinguished.
imagen nf 1 image. 2 tv picture. l o c
ser la viva imagen de algn to be the
spitting image of sb.
imaginacin nf imagination, fantasy.
imaginar vt 1 (gen) to imagine. 2 (idear)
to devise, think up.
. Tambin se usa la forma imaginarse,
sobre todo en el lenguaje coloquial.
imaginario,-a adj imaginary.
imaginativo,-a adj imaginative.
imn1 nm magnet.
imn2 nm rel imam.
imantar vt to magnetize.
imbatible adj unbeatable.
201 imperar
imbcil adj 1 med (retrasado) imbecile.
2 fam stupid, imbecile.
P nm o nf 1 med imbecile. 2 fam idiot.
imbecilidad nf 1 med imbecility. 2
fam stupid thing to do.
imberbe adj beardless.
imborrable adj indelible.
imbuir vt to imbue.
imitacin nf 1 (copia) imitation. 2 (pa-
rodia) impression.
imitador,-ra adj imitative.
P nm & nf 1 imitator. 2 (cmico) impres-
sionist.
imitar vt to copy, imitate; (gestos) to
mimic; (persona) to mimic, do an im-
pression of.
impaciencia nf impatience.
impacientar vt to make lose one's
patience, exasperate.
P vpr impacientarse to get impatient.
impaciente adj impatient, anxious.
I
impactado,-a adj impacted.
impactante adj striking, powerful.
impactar vt 1 (fsicamente) to hit. 2 (im-
presionar) to make an impression on:
esa escena me impact mucho that scene
made a deep impression on me.
impacto nm 1 (choque) impact. 2 (marca)
mark; (agujero) hole.
impar adj odd.
imparable adj unstoppable.
imparcial adj impartial, fair.
imparcialidad nf impartiality.
impartir vt (leccin) to give.
impasible adj impassive.
impvido,-a adj dauntless.
impecable adj impeccable, faultless.
impedido,-a adj disabled.
P nm & nf disabled person.
impedimento nm impediment, ob-
stacle.
impedir vt (hacer imposible) to prevent,
stop: hay algo que te lo impida? is there
anything stopping you?
impeler vt to drive forward, propel.
impenetrable adj impenetrable.
impensable adj unthinkable.
imperar vi to rule, prevail.
imperativo 202
imperativo,-a adj imperative.
P nmimperativo ling imperative.
imperceptible adj imperceptible.
imperdible nm safety pin.
imperdonable adj unforgivable.
imperfeccin nf 1 imperfection. 2
(defecto) defect, fault.
imperfecto,-a adj 1 imperfect. 2 ling
imperfect.
P nm imperfecto imperfect.
imperialismo nm imperialism.
imperio nm empire.
imperioso,-a adj 1 (autoritario) imperi-
ous. 2 (necesario) urgent, pressing.
impermeabilizar vt to waterproof.
impermeable adj waterproof.
P nm raincoat.
impersonal adj impersonal.
impertrrito,-a adj imperturbable.
impertinencia nf 1 impertinence. 2
(palabras) impertinent remark.
impertinente adj impertinent.
P nm pl impertinentes lorgnette sing.
imperturbable adj imperturbable.
mpetu nm 1 (fuerza) vigour; (entusias-
mo) enthusiasm; (energa) energy. 2
(impulso) impetus; (fuerza) force.
impetuoso,-a adj 1 (persona) impetu-
ous. 2 (viento) violent.
implacable adj implacable, relent-
less.
implantar vt 1 to introduce. 2 med to
implant.
implante nm implant.
implicar vt 1 (conllevar) to imply. 2 (in-
volucrar) to involve (en, in).
implcito,-a adj implicit.
implorar vt to implore, entreat, beg.
impoluto,-a adj spotless.
imponderable adj (factor) impondera-
ble; (valor) incalculable.
imponente adj impressive.
imponer vt 1 (ley, lmite, sancin) to im-
pose. 2 (respeto) to inspire.
P vi (asustar) to be frightening.
P vpr imponerse 1 to impose one's
authority (a, on). 2 (obligarse) to force
os to. 3 (prevalecer) to prevail.
impopular adj unpopular.
importacin nf 1 (accin) importation,
import. 2 (productos) imports pl.
importancia nf importance.
importante adj 1 (gen) important; (por
su gravedad) serious; (por su cantidad)
considerable.
importar vt 1 com (traer de fuera) to im-
port. 2 (valer) to amount to.
P vi 1 (tener importancia) to matter. 2
(molestar) to mind.
importe nm (gen) price, cost.
importunar vt (molestar) to pester.
imposible adj impossible.
imposicin nf (gen) imposition.
impostor,-ra nm & nf 1 (farsante) im-
postor. 2 (difamador) slanderer.
impotencia nf impotence.
impotente adj impotent.
impreciso,-a adj imprecise, vague.
impredecible adj (persona) unpredict-
able; (circunstancia) unforeseeable.
imprenta nf 1 (arte) printing. 2 (taller)
printer's, printing house.
imprescindible adj essential, indis-
pensable.
impresin nf 1 (en imprenta) printing. 2
(huella) impression, imprint. 3 fig
(efecto) impression; (negativo) shock.
impresionable adj impressionable.
impresionante adj 1 (admirable) im-
pressive. 2 fam (gen) incredible; (enor-
me) tremendous.
impresionar vt 1 (causar admiracin) to
impress: me impresion el paisaje the
scenery impressed me. 2 (afectar) to af-
fect; (inquietar) to disturb.
impresionismo nm impressionism.
impresionista adj impressionist.
P nm o nf impressionist.
impreso,-a adj printed.
P nm impreso (formulario) form.
impresor,-ra nm & nf (persona) printer.
impresora nf (mquina) printer.
imprevisible adj (hecho) unforeseea-
ble; (persona) unpredictable.
imprevisto,-a adj unexpected.
 203
P nm pl imprevistos (gastos) incidental
expenses.
imprimir vt 1 (gen) to print. 2 (dejar hue-
lla) to stamp. 3 fig (grabar) to fix.
improbable adj improbable, unlikely.
improductivo,-a adj unproductive.
improperio nm insult.
impropio,-a adj (inadecuado) unsuita-
ble, inappropriate. l o c ser impropio,-
a de algn not to be worthy of sb.
improvisado,-a adj (gen) improvised.
improvisar vt to improvise.
P vi to improvise.
improviso l o c de improviso suddenly,
unexpectedly.
imprudencia nf 1 (falta de prudencia)
carelessness. 2 (accin imprudente) rash
move; (indiscrecin) indiscretion.
imprudente adj careless.
P nm o nf (imprudente) careless person;
(indiscreto) indiscreet person.
impdico,-a adj (indecente) immodest,
indecent.
impuesto,-a nm impuesto tax, duty.
impugnar vt 1 (resultado) to contest. 2
(teora) to refute.
impulsar vt 1 to impel. 2 tc to drive
forward. 3 (incitar) to drive.
impulsivo,-a adj impulsive.
P nm & nf impulsive person.
impulso nm 1 impulse. 2 (fuerza, veloci-
dad) momentum.
impune adj unpunished.
impunidad nf impunity.
impureza nf impurity.
impuro,-a adj impure.
imputacin nf accusation.
imputar vt to impute.
inabarcable adj huge, vast.
inaccesible adj inaccessible.
inaceptable adj unacceptable.
inadaptado,-a adj maladjusted.
P nm & nf misfit.
inadvertido,-a adj unnoticed.
inagotable adj inexhaustible.
inaguantable adj unbearable.
inalmbrico,-a adj cordless.
inanicin nf starvation.
incitante
inanimado,-a adj inanimate, lifeless.
inapreciable adj 1 (insignificante) imper-
ceptible. 2 (valioso) invaluable.
inaudible adj inaudible.
inaudito,-a adj (nunca odo) unheard-of.
inauguracin nf opening, inaugura-
tion.
inaugurar vt to inaugurate, open.
inca adj Inca.
P nm o nf Inca.
incalculable adj incalculable.
incalificable adj (intolerable) unspeaka-
ble.
incandescente adj incandescent.
incansable adj tireless.
incapacidad nf 1 (gen) incapacity, in-
ability. 2 (insuficiencia) disability.
incapacitado,-a adj (fsicamente) disa-
bled; (mentalmente) incapacitated, unfit.
incapacitar vt 1 (impedir) to incapaci- I
tate.
incapaz adj 1 incapable (de, of). 2 (in-
competente) incompetent.
incauto,-a adj (crdulo) gullible.
P nm & nf gullible person.
incendiar vt to set on fire, set fire to.
P vpr incendiarse to catch fire.
incendiario,-a adj incendiary.
P nm & nf arsonist.
incendio nm fire.
incentivo nm incentive.
incertidumbre nf uncertainty.
incesto nm incest.
incestuoso,-a adj incestuous.
incidente nm incident, event.
incidir vi incidir en 1 (repercutir en) to
have an effect on, affect. 2 (incurrir en)
to fall into. 3 (tratar) to touch upon;
(insistir en) to stress.
incienso nm incense.
incierto,-a adj uncertain, doubtful.
incinerar vt (basura) to incinerate; (ca-
dveres) to cremate.
incipiente adj incipient.
incisin nf incision.
inciso,-a nm passing remark.
incitante adj 1 (estimulante) inciting. 2
(provocativo) provocative.
 incitar
incitar vt to incite (a, to).
inclemencia nf harshness.
inclinacin nf 1 (desviacin) slant. 2 (ten-
dencia) leaning. 3 (aficin) penchant.
inclinar vt 1 (ladear) to tilt. 2 fig (persua-
dir) to dispose, move.
P vpr inclinarse 1 (doblarse) to bend,
lean; (como saludo) to bow. 2 inclinarse
a fig (propender a) to incline to. 3 incli
narse por (escoger) to choose, opt for.
incluir vt 1 to include. 2 (adjuntar - en
carta, etc) to enclose.
incluso adv even.
P prep even.
incgnita nf fig (misterio) mystery.
incgnito,-a adj unknown.
incoherencia nf (falta de coherencia) in-
coherence.
incoherente adj incoherent.
incomodar vt 1 (causar molestia) to in-
convenience. 2 (fastidiar) to annoy,
bother. 3 (enojar) to anger.
P vpr incomodarse (enfadarse) to get
annoyed, get angry.
incmodo,-a adj uncomfortable. l o c
sentirse incmodo,-a to feel awkward.
incomparable adj incomparable.
incompetencia nf incompetence.
incompetente adj incompetent.
incompleto,-a adj 1 incomplete. 2
(inacabado) unfinished.
incomprensin nf lack of under-
standing.
incomunicado,-a adj 1 (por la nieve) cut
off. 2 (preso) in solitary confinement.
inconcebible adj inconceivable.
incondicional adj (rendicin) uncondi-
tional.
P nm o nf staunch supporter.
inconexo,-a adj disconnected.
inconformista adj nonconformist.
P nm o nf nonconformist.
inconfundible adj unmistakable.
incongruencia nf incongruity.
inconsciencia nf 1 med unconscious-
ness. 2 (irreflexin) thoughtlessness.
inconsciente adj 1 med unconscious.
2 (irreflexivo) thoughtless.
204
inconstante adj (variable) inconstant,
changeable.
incontable adj countless.
incontinencia nf incontinence.
incontrolable adj uncontrollable.
inconveniente adj inappropriate.
P nm (desventaja) drawback.
incordiar vt to pester, bother.
incorporacin nf (llegada) arrival; (in-
clusin) inclusion; (unin) joining.
incorporar vt 1 (aadir) to incorporate,
include. 2 culin (aadir) to add.
P vpr incorporarse 1 (levantarse) to sit
up. 2 (a un trabajo) to start; (a una em-
presa, equipo, etc) to join.
incorreccin nf 1 (falta de correccin) in-
correctness. 2 (error) mistake.
incorrecto,-a adj 1 (inexacto) incorrect.
2 (descorts) impolite.
incorregible adj incorrigible.
incrdulo,-a adj incredulous.
increble adj incredible.
incrementar vt to increase.
incremento nm increase, rise.
increpar vt (insultar) to abuse.
incriminar vt to incriminate.
incrustar vt 1 to incrust, encrust. 2
(arte) to inlay.
incubar vt to incubate.
inculcar vt to inculcate, instil: les incul
caron la necesidad de tener estudios they
instilled in them the need to study.
inculpar vt to accuse (de, of).
inculto,-a adj (persona) uneducated.
P nm & nf (persona) ignoramus.
incumbir vi to be incumbent (a, upon).
incumplir vt (promesa) to break; (deber)
to fail to fulfil; (contrato) to break; (or-
den) to disobey, fail to comply with.
incurable adj incurable.
incurrir vi incurrir en (error) to fall into;
(delito) to commit.
indagar vt to investigate, inquire into.
indecencia nf 1 indecency. 2 (accin in-
decente) scandal, outrage.
indecente adj 1 (impdico) indecent. 2
(indigno) miserable.
indecible adj indescribable.
 205
indecisin nf indecision.
indeciso,-a adj 1 (persona) indecisive,
undecided. 2 (asunto no resuelto) unde-
cided.
indecoroso,-a adj indecorous.
indefenso,-a adj defenceless.
indefinido,-a adj 1 (periodo de tiempo) in-
definite; (contrato) open-ended. 2 (im-
preciso) indefinite. 3 ling indefinite.
indemne adj unharmed, unhurt.
indemnizacin nf compensation, in-
demnity.
indemnizar vt to compensate ( de/
por, for), indemnify (de/por, for).
independencia nf independence.
independiente adj 1 independent. 2
(individualista) self-sufficient.
independizar vt to make independ-
ent.
P vpr independizarse to become inde-
pendent (de, of).
indeterminado,-a adj 1 (gen) indeter-
minate; (en tiempo, nmero) indefinite.
2 (impreciso) vague.
India nf India.
indicacin nf 1 (gesto, seal) sign. 2 (ins-
truccin) instruction.
indicado,-a adj appropriate, suitable.
indicador,-ra adj (gen) indicating.
P nm (gen) indicator; (con aguja, escala)
gauge.
indicar vt to indicate, point out.
indicativo,-a adj indicative.
P nm indicativo ling indicative.
ndice nm 1 (gen) index. 2 (de un libro)
index, table of contents; (catlogo)
catalogue. 3 (dedo) index finger.
indicio nm 1 (seal) sign. 2 (resto) trace.
indiferencia nf indifference.
indiferente adj indifferent.
indigente nm o nf poor person: los indi
gentes the needy.
indigestin nf indigestion.
indigesto,-a adj (alimento) indigestible.
indignacin nf indignation.
indignar vt to infuriate.
P vpr indignarse to become indignant
(por, at/about).
inercia
indigno,-a adj 1 unworthy (de, of). 2
(vil) low, contemptible.
indio,-a adj Indian.
P nm & nf Indian. l o c hacer el indio
fam to play the fool.
indirecto,-a adj indirect.
indiscrecin nf indiscretion.
indiscreto,-a adj indiscreet.
P nm & nf indiscreet person.
indispensable adj essential.
indisponer vt med to upset, make un-
well.
P vpr indisponerse (enfermarse) to be
unwell.
indispuesto,-a adj med indisposed,
unwell.
individual adj individual.
P nm pl individuales dep singles.
individualista adj individualistic.
P nm o nf individualist. I
individuo,-a nm & nf pey (gen) charac-
ter, individual.
P nm individuo person.
indocumentado,-a adj (sin documenta-
cin) without means of identification.
ndole nf 1 (carcter) disposition, na-
ture. 2 (tipo) type, kind.
indolente adj indolent.
indoloro,-a adj painless.
indmito,-a adj indomitable.
Indonesia nf Indonesia.
indonesio,-a adj Indonesian.
P nm & nf Indonesian.
inducir vt 1 to induce. 2 elec to induce.
indulgencia nf indulgence, leniency.
indultar vt jur to pardon.
indulto nm pardon, amnesty.
indumentaria nf clothing, clothes pl.
industria nf 1 (gen) industry. 2 (fbrica)
factory.
industrial adj industrial.
P nm o nf industrialist, manufacturer.
industrializar vt to industrialize.
indito,-a adj (libro) unpublished.
inepto,-a adj (persona) incompetent.
P nm & nf incompetent person.
inercia nf inertia.
inerte
inerte adj 1 (materia, gas) inert. 2 (cad-
ver) lifeless.
inesperado,-a adj unexpected.
inestable adj unstable, unsteady.
inevitable adj inevitable.
inexistente adj nonexistent.
inexorable adj inexorable.
inexperto,-a adj inexperienced.
inexplicable adj inexplicable.
inexpresivo,-a adj expressionless.
infalible adj infallible.
infame adj (vil) despicable, vile.
infamia nf disgrace.
infancia nf 1 (gen) childhood. 2 (los ni-
os) children pl.
infante nm 1 lit (nio) infant. 2 (soldado)
infantryman.
infantera nf infantry.
infantil adj 1 (literatura, juego) chil-
dren's; (equipo) junior. 2 (inmaduro)
childish.
infarto nm (de miocardio) heart attack.
c o m p infarto de miocardio heart attack.
infatigable adj indefatigable, tireless.
infeccin nf infection.
infectar vt to infect (de, with).
P vpr infectarse to become infected
(de, with).
infeliz adj 1 (desdichado) unhappy. 2 (in-
genuo) ingenuous.
inferior adj 1 (situado debajo) lower. 2
(cantidad) less, lower. 3 (en calidad) in-
ferior (a, to).
P nm o nf (en rango) subordinate; (en cali-
dad) inferior.
inferioridad nf inferiority.
infernal adj infernal.
infidelidad nf 1 (sexual) infidelity, un-
faithfulness. 2 (de un amigo) disloyalty.
infiel adj (esposo) unfaithful (a/con/pa-
ra, to); (amigo) disloyal (a, to).
infiernillo nm portable stove.
infierno nm hell. l o c vete al infierno!
go to hell!, get lost!
infiltrar vt to infiltrate.
P vpr infiltrarse to infiltrate (en, -).
nfimo,-a adj (en calidad) lowest, poor-
est; (precio) ridiculous.
206
infinidad nf 1 (infinito) infinity. 2 (gran
cantidad) infinite number.
infinitivo nm infinitive.
infinito,-a adj infinite.
P nm el infinito the infinite, infinity.
inflamable adj inflammable.
inflamacin nf med inflammation.
inflamar vt med to inflame.
P vpr inflamarse med to become in-
flamed.
inflar vt 1 (baln) to blow up, inflate.
2 fig (hechos, noticias) to exaggerate. 3
(precios) to inflate.
P vpr inflarse 1 to inflate one's opin-
ion of os. 2 fam (hartarse de comer) to
stuff os (de, with).
inflexible adj inflexible.
influencia nf influence.
influir vt to influence.
P vi to have influence.
influyente adj influential.
informacin nf 1 (conocimiento) infor-
mation. 2 (noticia) piece of news; (con-
junto de noticias) news. 3 (en telefnica)
directory enquiries pl.
informal adj 1 (desenfadado) informal. 2
(persona) unreliable.
informar vt (dar noticia) to inform (de,
about).
P vi to inform ( de , about), tell
(de, about).
P vpr informarse to find out ( de ,
about).
informtica nf computing.
informtico,-a adj computer.
P nm & nf computer expert.
informativo,-a adj (ilustrativo) inform-
ative: una campaa con carcter informa
tivo a public awareness campaign.
P nm informativo news programme.
informatizar vt to computerize.
informe nm report.
P nm pl informes references.
infraccin nf infringement.
infractor,-ra adj offending.
P nm & nf offender.
infraestructura nf infrastructure.
infranqueable adj 1 impassable. 2 fig
insurmountable.
 207
infrarrojo,-a adj infrared.
infravalorar vt to underestimate.
infrecuente adj infrequent.
infringir vt (gen) to infringe; (ley) to
break.
infructuoso,-a adj fruitless, unsuc-
cessful.
infundado,-a adj unfounded.
infundir vt (respeto) to command; (mie-
do) to fill with; (valor) to instil.
infusin nf infusion.
ingeniar vt to devise.
P vpr ingenirselas to manage, find a
way, contrive.
ingeniera nf engineering.
ingeniero,-a nm & nf engineer.
ingenio nm 1 (talento) talent; (chispa)
wit. 2 (habilidad) ingenuity.
ingenioso,-a adj (inteligente) ingenious,
clever; (con chispa) witty.
ingenuo,-a adj naive, ingenuous.
P nm & nf naive person.
ingerir vt (alimentos) to eat; (bebida) to
drink.
Inglaterra nf England.
ingle nf groin.
ingls,-esa adj English.
P nm & nf (persona) English person;
(hombre) Englishman; (mujer) English-
woman.
P nm ingls (idioma) English.
ingratitud nf ingratitude, ungrateful-
ness.
ingrato,-a adj 1 (persona) ungrateful. 2
(trabajo, tarea) thankless.
ingrediente nm ingredient.
ingresar vt (dinero) to pay in, deposit.
P vi ingresar en 1 (entrar) to join. 2 (hos-
pital) to be admitted to.
ingreso nm 1 (en club, ejrcito) joining; (en
hospital) admission; (en universidad) en-
trance. 2 (entrada) entry.
P nm pl ingresos (sueldo, renta) income
sing; (beneficios) revenue sing.
inhabitable adj uninhabitable.
inhalar vt to inhale, breathe in.
inherente adj inherent (a, in).
inhibir vt (reprimir) to inhibit.
inmolar
P vpr inhibirse 1 (reprimirse) to be in-
hibited. 2 (abstenerse) to refrain (de,
from); (negarse) to refuse (de, to).
inhspito,-a adj inhospitable.
inhumano,-a adj 1 (persona) inhuman,
cruel. 2 (dolor, sufrimiento) inhuman.
iniciacin nf 1 (comienzo) start, begin-
ning. 2 (de una persona) initiation.
inicial adj initial.
P nf initial.
iniciar vt 1 (empezar) to start, begin. 2
(introducir) to initiate (en, in).
P vpr iniciarse (empezar) to start, be-
gin.
iniciativa nf initiative.
inicio nm beginning, start.
inimitable adj inimitable.
injertar vt to graft.
injerto nm graft.
injuria nf insult, affront. I
injuriar vt (insultar) to insult.
injusticia nf injustice, unfairness.
injusto,-a adj unfair, unjust.
inmadurez nf immaturity.
inmaduro,-a adj immature.
inmediaciones nf pl (de una zona) sur-
rounding area sing; (de una casa) vicin-
ity sing.
inmediato,-a adj 1 (poco despus) im-
mediate. 2 (contiguo) next (a, to), ad-
joining (a, -).
inmejorable adj (gen) unbeatable.
inmensidad nf 1 immensity. 2 (gran
cantidad) great number.
inmenso,-a adj immense, vast.
inmersin nf (gen) immersion; (de un
buceador, submarino) dive.
inmerso,-a adj immersed (en, in).
inmigracin nf immigration.
inmigrante adj immigrant.
P nm o nf immigrant.
inmigrar vi to immigrate.
inminente adj imminent.
inmobiliario,-a adj property, us real
estate.
P nf (agencia) inmobiliaria estate
agency, us real estate company.
inmolar vt to immolate, sacrifice.
inmoral
inmoral adj immoral.
inmoralidad nf immorality.
inmortal adj immortal.
inmortalidad nf immortality.
inmortalizar vt to immortalize.
inmvil adj still, motionless.
inmovilizar vt to immobilize.
inmueble nm building.
inmundo,-a adj (sucio) dirty, filthy.
inmune adj med immune (a, to).
inmunidad nf immunity.
inmutar vt to affect.
P vpr inmutarse to react.
innato,-a adj innate, inborn.
innecesario,-a adj unnecessary.
innegable adj undeniable.
innovacin nf innovation.
innovador,-ra adj innovatory.
P nm & nf innovator.
innovar vi to innovate.
innumerable adj innumerable,
countless.
inocencia nf innocence.
inocentada nf practical joke.
inocente adj 1 innocent. 2 (ingenuo)
naive, innocent.
P nm o nf naive person, innocent per-
son.
inocuo,-a adj innocuous, harmless.
inodoro,-a adj odourless.
P nm inodoro toilet.
inofensivo,-a adj harmless, inoffen-
sive.
inolvidable adj unforgettable.
inoperante adj ineffective, inopera-
tive.
inopia l o c estar en la inopia 1 fam (dis-
trado) to have one's head in the
clouds. 2 (ignorante) to be in the dark.
inoportuno,-a adj inopportune.
inorgnico,-a adj inorganic.
inoxidable adj rustproof.
input nm input.
inquebrantable adj (promesa) un-
breakable; (fe) unshakeable.
inquietante adj disturbing.
inquietar vt to worry.
208
P vpr inquietarse to worry ( por ,
about).
inquieto,-a adj 1 (agitado) restless. 2
(preocupado) worried, anxious.
inquietud nf 1 (agitacin) restlessness.
2 (preocupacin) worry, anxiety.
inquilino,-a nm & nf tenant.
inquina nf animosity, antipathy. loc
tener inquina a algn to feel animosity
towards sb.
insaciable adj insatiable.
insalubre adj unhealthy.
insano,-a adj 1 (no sano) unhealthy. 2
(loco) insane.
insatisfecho,-a adj dissatisfied, un-
satisfied.
inscribir vt 1 (grabar) to inscribe. 2 (apun-
tar) to register; (en un curso) to enrol.
P vpr inscribirse (gen) to register; (para
un curso) to enrol.
inscripcin nf 1 (grabado) inscription. 2
(registro) registration; (en un curso) en-
rolment.
insecticida adj insecticidal.
P nm insecticide.
insecto nm insect.
inseguridad nf 1 (falta de confianza) in-
security. 2 (duda) uncertainty. 3 (peli-
gro) lack of safety.
inseguro,-a adj 1 (sin confianza) inse-
cure. 2 (que duda) uncertain. 3 (peligro-
so) unsafe.
insensato,-a adj foolish.
P nm & nf fool.
insensible adj 1 insensitive, unfeel-
ing, thoughtless. 2 med insensible.
inseparable adj inseparable.
insertar vt to insert (en, into).
inservible adj useless.
insigne adj distinguished, eminent.
insignia nf (distintivo) badge.
insignificante adj insignificant.
insinuacin nf 1 (indicacin) insinua-
tion, hint. 2 fam (amorosa) overture.
l o c hacerle insinuaciones a algn (insi-
nuarse) to make a pass at sb.
insinuar vt to insinuate, hint.
inspido,-a adj insipid.
 209
insistencia nf insistence.
insistente adj insistent.
insistir vi 1 to insist (en, on). 2 (enfati-
zar) to stress (en, -).
insobornable adj incorruptible.
insolacin nf med sunstroke.
insolencia nf 1 (atrevimiento) insolence.
2 (palabra) cheeky remark.
insolente adj 1 (descarado) insolent. 2
(soberbio) haughty.
insolidario,-a adj unsupportive.
inslito,-a adj extremely unusual.
insolvente adj insolvent.
insomne adj sleepless.
P nm o nf insomniac.
insomnio nm insomnia.
insondable adj unfathomable.
insonorizado,-a adj soundproof.
insonorizar vt to soundproof.
insoportable adj unbearable.
insospechado,-a adj unexpected.
insostenible adj untenable.
inspeccin nf (gen) examination, in-
spection; (policial) search.
inspeccionar vt (gen) to inspect; (zona,
lugar del crimen) to search.
inspector,-ra nm & nf inspector.
inspiracin nf 1 inspiration. 2 (inhala-
cin) inhalation.
inspirado,-a adj inspired.
inspirar vt 1 (aspirar) to inhale, breathe
in. 2 (infundir) to inspire.
P vpr inspirarse to be inspired (en, by).
instalacin nf installation.
P nf pl instalaciones (de un servicio) facil-
ities pl.
instalador,-ra nm & nf installer, fitter.
instalar vt 1 (colocar) to install. 2 (equi-
par) to fit out.
P vpr instalarse (persona) to settle; (em-
presa) to set up.
instancia nf (peticin) request; (solicitud)
form.
instantnea nf (foto) snapshot, snap.
instantneo,-a adj 1 (inmediato) in-
stantaneous, immediate. 2 (moment-
neo) brief, fleeting.
instante nm moment, instant.
insulso
instar vi (insistir) to press, urge.
instauracin nf establishment.
instaurar vt to establish.
instigar vt to instigate.
instintivo,-a adj instinctive.
instinto nm instinct.
institucin nf 1 (organismo) institution.
2 (creacin) establishment, institu-
tion; (introduccin) introduction.
institucional adj institutional.
instituir vt 1 (crear) to institute, estab-
lish. 2 (nombrar) to appoint.
instituto nm 1 (asociacin) institute. 2
educ state secondary school, us
high school. c o m p instituto de bachi
llerato state secondary school, us
high school.
institutriz nf governess.
instruccin nf 1 (enseanza) instruc-
tion; (cultura) education. 2 mil mili- I
tary training.
P nf pl instrucciones (indicaciones) in-
structions.
instructivo,-a adj (conferencia) instruc-
tive; (juguete) educational.
instructor,-ra adj (gen) instructing.
P nm & nf instructor.
instruido,-a adj well-educated.
instruir vt 1 (ensear) to instruct. 2 mil
to train. 3 jur to investigate.
instrumental adj (msica) instrumental.
P nm instruments pl.
instrumentar vt (gen) to arrange; (para
orquesta) to orchestrate.
instrumentista nm o nf (msico) instru-
mentalist.
instrumento nm instrument.
insubordinado,-a adj insubordinate.
P nm & nf insubordinate person.
insubordinar vt to stir up.
P vpr insubordinarse to rebel.
insuficiente adj insufficient.
P nm educ fail.
insufrible adj insufferable.
insular adj insular.
P nm o nf islander.
insulina nf insulin.
insulso,-a adj insipid, tasteless.
 insultante
insultante adj insulting.
insultar vt to insult.
insulto nm insult.
insumisin nf (gen) rebelliousness.
insumiso,-a adj rebellious.
P nm & nf mil person who refuses to do military
service or community service in lieu.
insuperable adj (calidad, capacidad) un-
beatable; (obstculo, miedo, complejo)
unsurmountable, insuperable.
insurgente adj insurgent.
insurreccin nf insurrection.
intachable adj irreproachable.
intacto,-a adj intact.
integracin nf integration.
integral adj 1 (completo) full. 2 (pan, pas-
ta) wholemeal; (arroz) brown.
integrante adj integral.
P nm o nf member.
integrar vt (formar) to make up.
P vpr integrarse to integrate.
integridad nf integrity.
integrismo nm (gen) reaction; (religioso)
fundamentalism.
integrista adj (gen) reactionary; (religio-
so) fundamentalist.
P nm o nf (gen) reactionary; (en religin)
fundamentalist.
ntegro,-a adj 1 (completo) whole, en-
tire; (versin) unabridged. 2 (honrado)
honest, upright.
intelecto nm intellect.
intelectual adj intellectual.
P nm o nf intellectual.
inteligencia nf intelligence. c o m p
inteligencia artificial artificial intelli-
gence.
inteligente adj intelligent.
intemperie nf bad weather. l o c a la
intemperie in the open (air).
intempestivo,-a adj inopportune.
intemporal adj timeless.
intencin nf (propsito) intention.
intencionado,-a adj deliberatel.
intendencia nf mil (cuerpo) service
corps, us quartermaster corps.
intendente nm 1 supervisor. 2 mil
quartermaster general.
210
intensidad nf 1 (gen) intensity. 2 (de una
enfermedad) severity; (del dolor) acute-
ness. 3 (de la luz, del color) brightness,
intensity; (del amor, de la fe) strength.
intensificar vt to intensify.
intensivo,-a adj intensive.
intenso,-a adj 1 (gen) intense. 2 (dolor)
acute. 3 (luz, color) bright, intense. 4
(amor) passionate.
intentar vt to try.
intento nm attempt, try.
interactivo,-a adj interactive.
intercalar vt to insert.
intercambiar vt to exchange.
intercambio nm exchange.
interceder vi to intercede.
interceptar vt 1 (mensaje, correspondencia)
to intercept. 2 (obstruir) to block.
interceptor adj intercepting.
P nm interceptor.
intercesin nf intercession.
intercesor,-ra adj interceding.
P nm & nf intercessor.
interconexin nf interconnection.
inters nm 1 (gen) interest; (propio) self-
interest. 2 fin interest.
interesado,-a adj 1 (gen) interested.
2 (egosta) selfish, self-interested.
P nm & nf 1 (gen) interested party. 2
(egosta) selfish person.
interesante adj interesting.
interesar vt 1 to interest. 2 (afectar) to
concern.
P vpr interesarse to take an interest
(por, in).
interfaz nf interface.
interferencia nf 1 (gen) interference;
(intencionada) jamming. 2 fig interfer-
ence.
interferir vt 1 (transmisin, programa) to
jam. 2 (obstaculizar) to interfere in.
P vi to meddle, interfere.
interfono nm intercom.
interino,-a adj 1 temporary, provi-
sional. 2 (director, presidente) acting.
P nm & nf (sustituto) stand-in.
interior adj 1 (bolsillo) inside; (habitacin)
without a view, interior; (jardn) in-
 211
terior. 2 (del pas) domestic, internal.
3 geog inland.
P nm 1 (en una vivienda) inside: pasemos
al interior let's go inside. 2 (conciencia) in-
side. 3 geog interior.
interiorismo nm interior design.
interiorista nm o nf interior designer.
interiorizar vt (creencia, principio) to in-
ternalize.
interjeccin nf interjection.
interlocutor,-ra nm & nf speaker, in-
terlocutor.
intermediario,-a nm & nf (gen) inter-
mediary; (en disputas) mediator.
intermedio,-a adj (gen) intermediate;
(tamao) medium; (calidad) average;
(tiempo) intervening; (espacio) between.
P nm intermedio (de un espectculo) in-
terval, intermission.
interminable adj endless, intermina-
ble.
intermitencia nf intermittence.
intermitente adj (gen) intermittent.
P nm auto indicator, us blinker.
internacional adj international.
internado nm boarding school.
internar vt (en un colegio) to send to
boarding school; (en un hospital) to con-
fine (en, to).
P vpr internarse (penetrar) to penetrate.
internauta nm o nf internaut, netsurfer.
interno,-a adj 1 (rgano) internal. 2
(alumno) boarding.
P nm & nf 1 (alumno) boarder. 2 (mdico)
intern. 3 (preso) prisoner.
interpelar vt pol to interpellate.
interponer vt to interpose.
P vpr interponerse 1 (fsicamente) to in-
terpose os. 2 fig to intervene.
interpretacin nf 1 (gen) interpreta-
tion. 2 (de pieza, obra) performance.
interpretar vt 1 to interpret. 2 (obra,
pieza) to perform; (papel) to play.
intrprete nm o nf 1 (traductor) inter-
preter. 2 (actor, msico) performer.
interrelacin nf interrelation.
interrelacionar vt to interrelate.
intranquilidad
interrogacin nf 1 (accin) interroga-
tion, questioning. 2 (signo) question
mark. 3 (pregunta) question.
interrogador,-a nm & nf interrogator.
interrogante nm (incgnita) question
mark.
interrogar vt 1 to question. 2 (a testigo,
etc) to interrogate.
interrogativo,-a adj interrogative.
interrogatorio nm interrogation.
interrumpir vt 1 (gen) to interrupt. 2
(trfico) to block.
interrupcin nf interruption.
interruptor nm switch.
interseccin nf intersection.
interurbano,-a adj (gen) inter-city;
(llamada) trunk, long-distance.
intervalo nm 1 (de tiempo) interval. 2 (de
espacio) gap.
I
intervencin nf 1 (gen) intervention.
2 (discurso) speech. 3 med operation.
intervenir vi 1 (tomar parte) to take part
(en, in). 2 (hablar) to speak (en, at).
P vt 1 med to operate on. 2 (alijo, mer-
canca) to seize.
interventor,-ra nm & nf (gen) inspec-
tor, auditor.
intestinal adj intestinal.
intestino nm intestine.
intimar vi to become close (con, to).
intimidacin nf intimidation.
intimidad nf 1 (amistad) intimacy. 2 (vi-
da privada) privacy, private life.
intimidar vt to intimidate.
ntimo,-a adj 1 (vida) private. 2 (amigo,
relacin) close. 3 (sentimiento, emocin)
most intimate. 4 (higiene) personal.
P nm & nf (amigo) close friend.
intocable adj untouchable.
intolerable adj intolerable.
intolerancia nf intolerance: intoleran
cia a la lactosa intolerance of lactose.
intolerante adj intolerant.
intoxicacin nf poisoning.
intoxicar vt to poison.
P vpr intoxicarse to poison os.
intraducible adj untranslatable.
intranquilidad nf worry, uneasiness.
 intranquilizar
intranquilizar vt to worry.
P vprintranquilizarse to get worried.
intranquilo,-a adj worried, uneasy.
intransferible adj nontransferable.
intransigencia nf intransigence.
intransigente adj intransigent.
intransitable adj impassable.
intransitivo,-a adj intransitive.
intrascendente adj unimportant, in-
significant.
intratable adj (persona) unsociable.
intrpido,-a adj intrepid.
intriga nf 1 (maquinacin secreta) in-
trigue. 2 (curiosidad) curiosity. 3 (de una
narracin, pelcula) intrigue.
intrigado,-a adj intrigued.
intrigante adj intriguing.
intrigar vt (interesar) to intrigue.
intrnseco,-a adj intrinsic.
introduccin nf introduction.
introducir vt 1 (gen) to introduce; (le-
gislacin) to introduce, bring in. 2 (me-
ter) to put, place; (insertar) insert. 3
(importar) to bring in, import.
P vpr introducirse (entrar) to get in.
intromisin nf interference, meddling.
introspectivo,-a adj introspective.
introvertido,-a adj introverted.
P nm & nf introvert.
intruso,-a adj intrusive.
P nm & nf intruder.
intuicin nf intuition.
intuir vt to sense, feel.
intuitivo,-a adj intuitive.
inundacin nf flood, flooding.
inundar vt 1 to flood. 2 fig to inun-
date.
inusitado,-a adj uncommon, rare.
inusual adj unusual.
intil adj 1 (gen) useless. 2 (intento) vain.
P nm o nf fam (persona) hopeless case.
inutilizar vt 1 to render useless. 2
(mquina) to put out of action.
invadir vt to invade.
invlido,-a adj disabled, handicapped.
P nm & nf disabled person.
invariable adj invariable.
invasin nf invasion.
212
invasor,-ra adj invading.
P nm & nf invader.
invencible adj (ejrcito) invincible; (obs-
tculo) unsurmountable.
invencin nf invention.
invendible adj unsaleable.
inventar vt 1 (crear) to invent. 2 (mentir)
to make up, fabricate.
inventario nm inventory.
inventiva nf inventiveness.
invento nm invention.
inventor,-ra nm & nf inventor.
invernadero nm greenhouse.
invernal adj winter, wintry.
invernar vi (animales) to hibernate.
inverosmil adj unlikely.
inversin nf 1 (gen) inversion. 2 fin in-
vestment.
inverso,-a adj inverse, opposite.
invertebrado,-a adj invertebrate.
P nm invertebrado invertebrate.
invertido,-a adj reversed, inverted.
invertir vt 1 (orden) to invert, reverse. 2
(direccin) to reverse. 3 (tiempo) to
spend (en, on). 4 fin to invest (en, in).
investidura nf investiture.
investigacin nf 1 (indagacin) investi-
gation, enquiry. 2 (estudio) research.
investigador,-ra adj 1 (que indaga) in-
vestigating. 2 (que estudia) research.
P nm & nf 1 (cientfico) researcher. 2 (de-
tective) investigator.
investigar vt 1 (indagar) to investigate.
2 (campo) to do research on.
investir vt to invest.
inviable adj non-viable, unfeasible.
invidente adj blind.
P nm o nf blind person.
invierno nm winter.
invisible adj invisible.
invitacin nf invitation.
invitado,-a adj invited.
P nm & nf guest.
invitar vt to invite.
P vi (incitar) to encourage.
invocar vt to invoke.
involucrar vt to involve (en, in).
 213
involuntario,-a adj (reflejo, movimiento)
involuntary; (error) unintentional.
invulnerable adj invulnerable.
inyeccin nf injection.
inyectable adj injectable.
P nm injection.
inyectar vt to inject (en, into).
iodo nm iodine.
ir vi 1 (gen) to go; (acudir) to come. 2 (ca-
mino, etc) to lead. 3 (funcionar) to work,
go. 4 (sentar bien) to suit; (agradar) to
like. 5 (tratar) to be about.
P aux ir + a + inf 1 going to: voy a venderlo
I'm going to sell it. 2 ir + ger: fuimos an
dando we walked, we went on foot. 3 ir +
pp to be: ir cansado,-a to be tired.
P vpr irse 1 (marcharse) to go away,
leave. 2 (deslizarse) to slip. 3 (gastarse)
to go, disappear.
ira nf wrath, rage.
izquierdo
irregular adj irregular.
irregularidad nf irregularity.
irrelevante adj irrelevant.
irremediable adj (dao) irremediable.
irrepetible adj unrepeatable.
irreprochable adj irreproachable.
irresistible adj 1 irresistible. 2 pey (in-
soportable) unbearable.
irrespetuoso,-a adj disrespectful.
irresponsable adj irresponsible.
P nm o nf irresponsible person.
irreversible adj irreversible.
irrigar vt to irrigate.
irrisorio,-a adj derisory, ridiculous.
irritable adj irritable.
irritacin nf irritation.
irritante adj irritating, annoying.
irritar vt to irritate.
irritarse to get annoyed.
I
P vpr

iracundo,-a adj irritable, irate. irrumpir vi to burst (en, into).

Irak nm Iraq. irrupcin nf irruption.
Irn nm Iran. isla nf island.
iran adj Iranian. islam nm Islam.
P nm o nf Iranian. islmico,-a adj Islamic.
iranio,-a adj Iranian. islands,-esa adj Icelandic.
P nm & nf (persona) Iranian. P nm & nf (persona) Icelander.
P nm iranio (idioma) Iranian. P nm islands (idioma) Icelandic.
iraqu adj Iraqi. Islandia nf Iceland.
P nm o nf (persona) Iraqi. isleo,-a adj island.
P nm (idioma) Iraqi. P nm & nf islander.

irascible adj irascible, irritable. islote nm small unhinhabited island.

iris nm inv iris. issceles adj isosceles.
Irlanda nf Ireland. c o m p Irlanda del Israel nm Israel.
Norte Northern Ireland. israel adj Israeli.
irlands,-esa adj Irish. P nm o nf Israeli.

P nm & nf (persona - hombre) Irishman; istmo nm isthmus.

(- mujer) Irish woman.
P nm irlands (idioma) Irish.
irona nf irony.
irnico,-a adj 1 ironic. 2 (burln) mock-
ing.
irracional adj irrational.
irradiar vt to irradiate, radiate.
irreal adj unreal.
irreconocible adj unrecognizable.
irreflexivo,-a adj (acto) rash; (persona)
impetuous.
Italia nf Italy.
italiano,-a adj Italian.
P nm & nf (persona) Italian.
P nm italiano (idioma) Italian.
itinerante adj itinerant.
itinerario nm itinerary.
izar vt to hoist.
izquierda nf 1 (mano) left hand; (pierna)
left leg. 2 pol the left.
izquierdista adj left-wing.
izquierdo,-a adj left.
 J
214
J, j nf (la letra) J, j.
jabal nm wild boar.
jabalina nf dep javelin.
jabato nm zool young wild boar.
jabn nm soap. c o m p jabn de tocador
toilet soap.
jabonera nf soap dish.
jabonoso,-a adj soapy.
jaca nf cob, small horse.
jacinto nm hyacinth.
jactarse vpr to boast, brag (de, about).
jacuzzi nm jacuzzi.
jade nm jade.
jadear vi to pant.
jadeo nm panting.
jaguar nm jaguar.
jalea nf jelly. c o m p jalea real royal jelly.
jalear vt 1 (animar) to cheer (on), clap
and shout at. 2 (caza) to urge on.
jaleo nm 1 (alboroto) din, racket: no se
oye nada con este jaleo I can't hear a thing
with all this racket. 2 (escndalo) fuss,
commotion.
jaln nm 1 (estaca) stake, post. 2 fig
milestone, landmark.
jalonar vt (con estacas) to stake out.
Jamaica nf Jamaica.
jamaicano,-a adj Jamaican.
P nm & nf Jamaican.
jams adv (+ indic) never; (+ subj) ever:
jams volver I shall never return. l o c ja
ms de los jamases never ever. y por
siempre jams for ever (and ever).
jamba nf jamb.
jamn nm (curado) cured ham; (pata del
cerdo) leg of ham. c o m p jamn de York/
jamn en dulce boiled ham. y jamn
serrano cured ham.
Japn nm Japan.
japons,-esa adj Japanese.
& nf (persona) Japanese.
P nm
japons (idioma) Japanese.
P nm
jaque nm check. c o m p jaque mate
checkmate.
jaqueca nf migraine, headache.
jarabe nm med syrup, mixture. comp
jarabe para la tos cough syrup.
jardn nm garden. c o m p jardn botnico
botanical garden. y jardn de infancia
nursery school.
jardinera nf 1 (mujer) gardener. 2 (mue-
ble para tiestos) plant stand; (en ventana)
window box.
jardinera nf gardening.
jardinero,-a nm & nf gardener.
jarra nf 1 (para servir) jug, us pitcher. 2
(para beber) tankard, beer mug.
jarro nm 1 (recipiente) jug. 2 (contenido)
jugful.
jarrn nm 1 vase. 2 arte urn.
jaspeado,-a adj mottled, speckled.
jaula nf cage.
jaura nf pack of hounds.
Java nf Java.
javans,-esa adj Javanese.
P nm & nf Javanese.
jazmn nm jasmine.
jazz nm jazz.
jeep nm jeep.
jefatura nf (sede) central office; (militar)
headquarters.
jefe,-a nm & nf 1 boss, head, chief. 2
com (hombre) manager; (mujer) manag-
eress. 3 pol leader. 4 (de una tribu)
chief. c o m p jefe de cocina chef. y jefe
de estacin station master. y jefe de
Estado Head of State.
 215
jengibre nm ginger.
jeque nm sheik, sheikh.
jerarqua nf 1 hierarchy. 2 (grado)
scale. 3 (categora) rank.
jerrquico,-a adj hierarchical.
jerez nm sherry.
jerga nf (lenguaje) jargon.
jergn nm (colchn) pallet.
jeringuilla nf syringe.
jeroglfico,-a adj hieroglyphic.
P nm jeroglfico 1 hieroglyph, hiero-
glyphic. 2 (juego) rebus.
jersey nm sweater, pullover, jumper.
jesuita nm o nf Jesuit.
jet nm jet.
jilguero nm goldfinch.
jinete nm rider, horseman.
jirafa nf giraffe.
jirn nm shred: una camisa hecha jirones a
tattered shirt.
jocoso,-a adj (persona) jocular; (tono)
humorous, jokey.
jofaina nf washbasin.
jogging nm jogging: practican el jogging
they go jogging.
jolgorio nm 1 (juerga) binge. 2 (algazara)
party.
Jordania nf Jordan.
jordano,-a adj Jordanian.
P nm & nf Jordanian.
jornada nf 1 (da de trabajo) working
day: una jornada de ocho horas an eight-
hour day. 2 (camino recorrido) day's jour-
ney. 3 (en periodismo) day: las noticias de
la jornada today's news. c o m p media
jornada half-day.
jornal nm day's wage.
jornalero,-a nm & nf day labourer.
joroba nf (deformidad) hump.
jorobado,-a adj hunchbacked.
P nm & nf hunchback.
jorobar vt 1 fam (fastidiar) to bother, an-
noy. 2 fam (romper) to smash up,
break. 3 fam (estropear) to ruin, wreck.
jota nf popular Spanish dance and music.
joven adj young.
P nm o nf (hombre) youth, young man;
(mujer) young lady, girl.
juez
jovial adj jovial, cheerful.
jovialidad nf joviality, cheerfulness.
joya nf jewel, piece of jewellery.
joyera nf (tienda) jewellery shop, jew-
eller's shop.
joyero,-a nm & nf jeweller.
P nm joyero jewellery case.
juanete nm (en el pie) bunion.
jubilacin nf 1 (accin) retirement. 2
(dinero) pension.
jubilado,-a adj retired.
P nm o nf pensioner, retired person.
jubilar vt 1 (retirar) to retire. 2 (persona)
to pension off; (objeto) to get rid of.
P vpr jubilarse (retirarse) to retire.
jbilo nm jubilation, joy.
jubiloso,-a adj jubilant, joyful.
jubn nm arc doublet.
judaico,-a adj Judaic.
judasmo nm Judaism.
judera nf Jewish quarter.
juda nf (planta) bean. c o m p juda verde J
French bean, green bean.
judicatura nf 1 (profesin) judgeship. 2
(cuerpo) judiciary, judicature.
judicial adj judicial.
judo,-a adj (gen) Jewish.
P nm & nf (persona) Jew.
judo nm judo.
judoca nm o nf judoka.
juego nm 1 (gen) game; (actividad deporti-
va) sport. 2 (con dinero) gambling. 3 (ac-
cin de jugar) playing. 4 (conjunto de pie-
zas) set: un juego de llaves a set of keys.
c o m p juego de azar game of chance. y
juego de caf/t coffee/tea service.
juerga nf fam rave-up, bash.
juerguista adj fun-loving.
P nm o nf raver.
jueves nm inv Thursday: todos los jueves
every Thursday; el jueves que viene next
Thursday; el jueves pasado last Thursday;
el jueves por la maana/tarde/noche
Thursday morning/afternoon/night.
juez,-za nm & nf judge. c o m p juez de l
nea linesman. y juez de paz justice of
the peace.
 jugada
jugada nf 1 (en ajedrez) move; (en billar)
shot; (en dardos) throw. 2 (momento del juego)
move, piece of play. 3 fam dirty trick.
jugador,-ra nm & nf 1 player. 2 (aposta-
dor) gambler.
jugar vi to play.
P vt (intervenir) to play, go: quin juega?
whose go is it?
P vpr jugarse 1 (arriesgar) to risk. 2 (apos-
tarse) to bet: cunto te juegas a que no vie
ne? what's the betting he won't come?
jugarreta nf fam dirty trick.
juglar nm minstrel.
jugo nm 1 (gen) juice. 2 (inters) sub-
stance.
jugoso,-a adj (fruta, carne) juicy.
juguete nm 1 toy. 2 fig plaything.
juguetear vi to play (con, with).
juguetera nf (tienda) toy shop.
juguetn,-ona adj playful.
juicio nm 1 (gen) judgement: a mi juicio in
my opinion. 2 (sensatez) reason, com-
mon sense. 3 jur trial. l o c en su sano
juicio in one's right mind. y llevar a algn
a juicio to take legal action against sb. y
perder el juicio to go mad.
juicioso,-a adj (persona) sensible, wise.
juliana nf damewort.
julio1 nm July.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
julio2 nm fs joule.
jumbo nm jumbo jet.
juncal nm bot reedbed.
junco nm bot rush, reed.
jungla nf jungle.
junio nm June.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
jnior adj dep junior.
junta nf (reunin) meeting, assembly.
juntar vt 1 (unir) to put together; (pie-
zas) to assemble. 2 (reunir - dinero) to
raise; (- gente) to gather together.
P vpr juntarse 1 (unirse) to join, get to-
gether; (ros, caminos) to meet. 2 (acer-
carse) to squeeze up: juntaos un poco
que no quepo squeeze up, I can't get in.
216
junto,-a adj together. l o c junto a next
to. y junto con along with, together
with.
jura nf (accin) oath; (ceremonia) swear-
ing-in, pledge.
jurado,-a adj sworn.
P nm jurado jur (tribunal) jury; (miembro
del tribunal) juror, member of the jury.
juramentar vt to swear in.
juramento nm 1 jur oath. 2 (blasfemia)
swearword.
jurar vt to swear, take an oath.
P vi (blasfemar) to curse, swear.
jursico,-a adj Jurassic.
jurel nm scad, horse mackerel.
jurdico,-a adj legal, juridical.
jurisdiccin nf jurisdiction.
jurisprudencia nf jurisprudence.
jurista nm o nf jurist, lawyer.
justicia nf 1 (equidad, derecho) justice, fair-
ness. 2 la justicia (organismo) the law.
justiciero,-a adj avenging.
justificable adj justifiable.
justificacin nf justification.
justificante adj justifying.
P nm (prueba) written proof.
justificar vt 1 (accin) to justify. 2 (perso-
na) to excuse.
P vpr justificarse (persona) to justify os;
(accin) to be justified.
justo,-a adj 1 (persona, decisin) just, fair. 2
(ropa) tight. 3 (exacto) exact: tengo el dine
ro justo para el autobs I have the exact
money for the bus. 4 (escaso) just
enough: me queda lo justo para llegar a fin
de mes I have just enough money to get
by.
P adv justo (en el preciso momento) just; (en el
preciso lugar) right: vivo justo en el centro de
la ciudad I live right in the centre of town.
juvenil adj 1 young, youthful. 2 dep
junior, youth.
juventud nf 1 (perodo) youth. 2 (los j-
venes) young people pl, youth pl.
juzgado nm (local) court. c o m p juzgado
de guardia court, police court.
juzgar vt 1 (formar juicio) to judge. 2 (con-
siderar) to consider, think.

217
K, k nf (la letra) K, k.
kaki nm 1 (rbol) persimmon tree. 2
(fruta) persimmon.
Kampuchea nf Kampuchea.
kampucheo,-a adj Kampuchean.
P nm & nf Kampuchean.
karst nm karst.
krstico,-a adj karstic.
kart nm go-kart, kart.
karting nm go-kart racing, karting.
Kathmandu nm Katmandu, Kath-
mandu.
kayac nm kayak.
kazajio,-a adj Kazakh.
P nm & nf (persona) Kazakh.
P nm kazajio (idioma) Kazakh.
Kazajstn nm Kazakhstan.
Kenia nf Kenya.
keniano,-a adj Kenyan.
P nm & nf Kenyan.
keroseno nm kerosene.
Khartum nm Khartoum.
kilo nm 1 kilogram. 2 argot (antiguamen-
te) million pesetas.
kilobyte nm kilobyte.
kilocalora nf kilocalorie.
K
kilogramo nm kilogram.
kilohertz nm inv kilohertz.
kilolitro nm kilolitre, us kiloliter.
kilometraje nm mileage.
kilmetro nm kilometre, us kilometer.
kilowatt nm kilowatt.
kirgus adj Kirghiz.
P nm o nf (persona) Kirghiz.
P nm (idioma) Kirghiz.
Kirguizistn nm Kirghizstan, Kirghi-
zia.
Kiribati nm Kiribati.
kiwi nm 1 (ave) kiwi. 2 (fruta) kiwi, ki-
wi fruit.
km/h abrev (kilmetros hora) kilome-
tres (us kilometers) per hour; (abre-
viatura) kph.
knock-out nm knockout.
koala nm koala.
kurdo,-a adj Kurdish.
P nm & nf (persona) Kurd.
P nm kurdo (idioma) Kurdish.
Kuwait nm Kuwait.
kuwait adj Kuwaiti.
P nm & nf Kuwaiti.
kW/h abrev (kilovatios hora) kilowatts
per hour; (abreviatura) kWh.
 218
L
L, l nf (la letra) L, l.
la1 art def the: la casa the house.
la2 pron (persona) her; (cosa) it: la invit a
cenar I invited her to supper; no la he le
do I haven't read it.
. Consulta tambin las.
la3 nm ms la, lah, A.
laberntico,-a adj labyrinthic.
laberinto nm labyrinth, maze.
labial adj (gen) labial.
P nf ling labial.
labio nm lip.
labor nf 1 (gen) work: las labores del cam
po farm work.
. Consulta tambin las.
laborable adj (de trabajo) working.
laboral adj labour.
laboratorio nm laboratory.
laborioso,-a adj (trabajoso) laborious.
labrador,-ra nm & nf farmer.
labranza nf farming.
labrar vt agr (campo) to work; (con ara-
do) to plough (us plow).
labriego,-a nm & nf farm worker.
lacio,-a adj (cabello) straight.
lacn nm ham.
lacnico,-a adj laconic.
lacra nf 1 (seal) mark, scar. 2 (defecto)
fault.
lacrado,-a adj (sobre) sealed with wax.
lacrar vt to seal (with sealing wax).
lacre nm sealing wax.
lacrimal adj tear, lacrimal, lachrymal.
lacrimoso,-a adj tearful.
lactancia nf lactation.
lactante nm o nf unweaned baby.
lcteo,-a adj milk, milky. c o m p pro
ductos lcteos dairy products.
lctico,-a adj lactic.
lactosa nf lactose.
lacustre adj lake.
ladear vt to tilt.
ladeo nm tilt.
ladera nf hillside.
lado nm (gen) side. l o c al lado de algn
next to sb: me puse a su lado I sat next to
her. y estar al lado (muy cerca) to be very
near. y por un lado por otro on the
one hand on the other hand
ladrador,-ra adj barking.
ladrar vi to bark.
ladrido nm bark.
ladrillo nm brick.
ladrn,-ona nm & nf (persona - que roba)
thief; (- que tima, engaa) crook.
lagartija nf small lizard.
lagarto,-a nm & nf (animal) lizard.
lago nm lake.
lgrima nf tear. l o c llorar a lgrima vi
va fam to cry one's eyes out.
lagrimal adj tear, lachrymal.
P nm corner of the eye.
lagrimear vi to run, water.
lagrimeo nm watering.
lagrimn nm large teardrop, large tear.
laguna nf small lake, lagoon.
laico,-a adj lay, secular.
laja nf slab.
lama1 nm rel lama.
lama2 nf 1 (lmina) slat. 2 (barro) slime.
lamentable adj (injusticia) regrettable,
deplorable; (estado) sorry, pitiful.
lamentar vt to regret.
P vpr lamentarse to complain.
 219
lamento nm moan, cry.
lamer vt to lick.
lametazo nm lick.
lametn nm lick.
lmina nf 1 (gen) sheet, plate. 2 (ilustra-
cin) illustration; (grabado) engraving.
laminado,-a adj laminated.
laminar vt to laminate.
lmpara nf lamp.
lamparn nm fam stain.
lamprea nf lamprey.
lana nf wool. l o c de lana woollen (us
woolen).
lanar adj wool-bearing.
lance nm 1 (suceso) event. 2 (pelea) quar-
rel.
lanceolado,-a adj lanceolate.
lancero nm lancer.
lanceta nf lancet, lance.
lancha nf (bote) launch, boat. c o m p lan
cha salvavidas lifeboat.
landa nf moor.
lanero,-a adj wool.
langosta nf 1 (crustceo) crawfish,
spiny lobster. 2 (insecto) locust.
langostino nm type of prawn.
languidecer vi to languish.
languidez nf (falta de vigor) languor.
lnguido,-a adj (falto de vigor) languid,
languorous.
lanilla nf (tejido) flannel.
lanza nf lance, spear.
lanzadera nf shuttle.
lanzado,-a adj (impetuoso) impetuous;
(decidido) determined.
lanzador,-ra nm & nf (de jabalina) throw-
er; (de bisbol) pitcher; (de cricket) bowler.
lanzamiento nm 1 (accin de lanzar)
throwing. 2 (de cohete) launching.
c o m p lanzamiento de peso shot put.
lanzar vt 1 (gen) to throw. 2 (cohete) to
launch. 3 fig (grito) to let out.
P vpr lanzarse (actuar decididamente) to
throw os, launch os into.
Laos nm Laos.
laosiano,-a adj Laotian.
P nm & nf (persona) Laotian.
P nm laosiano (idioma) Laotian.
lastimoso
lapa nf (molusco) limpet.
laparoscopia nf laparoscopy.
lapicero nm pencil.
lpida nf tombstone, slab.
lpiz nm pencil. c o m p lpiz de ojos eye-
liner. y lpiz ptico light pen.
lapso nm (de tiempo) period of time.
lapsus nm inv (error) slip; (de memoria) mem-
ory lapse, lapse of memory.
laquear vt to lacquer.
largar vt 1 fam (dar) to give: le larg un dis
curso de media hora he gave him a half-hour
speech. 2 fam (contar) to tell: esa lo larga
todo she can't keep anything to herself.
P vpr largarse fam (irse) to go, leave:
me largo I'm off, us I'm out of here.
largo,-a adj (en longitud) long. l o c a lo
largo de along, throughout: a lo largo
del ao throughout the year. y dar largas
a algn to put sb off. y pasar de largo to
pass by.
P nm largo 1 length: qu mide de largo?
how long is it?, what length is it? 2 (de
piscina) length, us lap.
largometraje nm feature film. L
larguero nm (en ftbol) crossbar.
larguirucho,-a adj fam lanky.
largura nf length.
laringe nf larynx.
larngeo,-a adj laryngeal.
laringitis nf inv laryngitis.
laringologa nf laryngology.
laringlogo,-a nm & nf laryngologist.
larva nf larva.
larvario,-a adj larval.
las art def the: las casas the houses.
P pron (objeto directo) them: las vi I saw
them.
. Consulta tambin la.
lasca nf chip.
lser nm inv laser.
lasitud nf lassitude, weariness.
lstima nf pity.
lastimar vt (herir) to hurt, injure.
P vpr lastimarse to hurt os.
lastimero,-a adj pitiful.
lastimoso,-a adj pitiful, sorry.
 lastrar
lastrar vt mar to ballast.
lastre nm mar ballast.
lata nf 1 (hojalata) tin plate. 2 (envase) tin,
can. 3 (fastidio) bore, drag, pain: es una
lata tener que estudiar los fines de semana it's
a pain having to study at weekends.
latente adj latent.
lateral adj (gen) side.
ltex nm inv latex.
latido nm beat.
latifundio nm (finca) latifundium.
latigazo nm lash.
ltigo nm whip.
latn nm Latin.
latino,-a adj Latin.
P nm & nf Latin.
Latinoamrica nf Latin America.
latinoamericano,-a adj Latin Ameri-
can.
P nm & nf Latin American.
latir vi to beat.
latitud nf latitude.
latitudinal adj latitudinal.
latn nm brass.
latoso,-a adj fam annoying, boring.
lad nm lute.
laudatorio,-a adj laudatory.
laureada nf mil (insignia) decoration.
laureado,-a adj prizewinning.
laurear vt 1 to award a prize to. 2 (mi-
litar) to decorate.
laurel nm (rbol) bay.
lava nf lava.
lavable adj washable.
lavabo nm 1 (pila) washbasin. 2 (cuarto
de bao) washroom. 3 (pblico) toilet.
lavada nf big wash.
lavadero nm 1 (en casa) laundry room.
2 (pblico) public washing place.
lavado nm wash.
lavadora nf washing machine.
lavafrutas nm inv finger bowl.
lavamanos nm inv washbasin.
lavanda nf lavender.
lavandera nf (automtica) launderette,
us laundromat; (con servicio) laundry.
lavaplatos nm inv dishwasher.
220
lavar vt 1 (ropa, cuerpo, etc) to wash. 2
(platos) to wash up.
P vpr lavarse to wash os.
lavativa nf enema.
lavavajillas nm inv dishwasher.
laxante nm laxative.
laxitud nf laxity, laxness.
laxo,-a adj (sin tensin) slack.
lazada nf 1 (nudo) knot. 2 (lazo) bow.
lazar vt to lasso.
lazarillo nm guide. c o m p perro lazarillo
guide dog.
lazo nm 1 (cinta) ribbon; (de adorno)
bow. 2 fig (vnculo) tie, bond.
le pron 1 (objeto directo) him; (usted) you:
quin le sirvi? who served you? 2 (objeto
indirecto - a l) him; (- a ella) her; (- a us-
ted) you: le regalaron un perrito they gave
him a puppy; le repito la pregunta I'll re-
peat the question for you.
. Consulta tambin les y lesmo.
leal adj 1 loyal, faithful. 2 (justo) fair.
lealtad nf loyalty, faithfulness.
lebrel nm greyhound.
lebrillo nm bowl.
leccin nf lesson. l o c dar una leccin a
algn fig to teach sb a lesson.
lechada nf whitewash.
lechal adj sucking.
lechazo nm (cordero) sucking lamb.
leche nf milk. c o m p leche desnatada
skimmed milk.
lechera nf (recipiente) milk churn.
lechera nf dairy.
lechero,-a nm milkman, dairyman.
lecho nm (gen) bed; (de un ro) river bed.
lechn nm (animal) piglet.
lechuga nf lettuce.
lechuza nf owl.
lectivo,-a adj school.
lector,-ra nm & nf reader. c o m p lector
ptico optical scanner.
leer vt (gen) to read.
P vi to read.
legado,-a nm 1 (herencia) legacy, be-
quest. 2 (persona) legate.
legajo nm dossier.
 221
legal adj (gen) legal.
legalidad nf (de una accin, etc) legality.
legalista adj legalistic.
legalizacin nf 1 (de una situacin) legali-
zation. 2 (de documento) to authenticate.
legalizar vt 1 (situacin) to legalize. 2
(documento) to authenticate.
legaa nf sleep.
legar vt to bequeath.
legendario,-a adj legendary.
legibilidad nf legibility.
legible adj legible.
legin nf mil legion.
legionario,-a nm legionary.
legislacin nf legislation.
legislador,-ra adj legislative.
legislar vi to legislate.
legislativo,-a adj legislative.
legislatura nf (perodo) term of office.
legitimacin nf legitimization.
legitimar vt to legitimate.
legitimidad nf legitimacy.
legtimo,-a adj (genuino) real, authentic.
legua nf (medida) league.
legumbre nf 1 (planta) legume. 2 (fruto)
pulse.
leguminoso,-a nf pl leguminous
plants.
ledo,-a adj well-read.
lesmo nm incorrect use of le and les as direct
object instead of lo and los.
lesta adj given to lesmo.
P nm o nf person who is given to lesmo.
lejana nf distance.
lejano,-a adj (tierra, pas) distant.
leja nf bleach.
lejos adv far, far away, far off. l o c a lo
lejos in the distance, far away. y de le
jos from a distance.
lelo,-a adj fam gormless, stupid.
lema nm (gen) motto; (en publicidad) slo-
gan.
lencera nf (ropa interior) lingerie.
lengua nf 1 anat tongue. 2 (idioma)
language. l o c irse de la lengua fam to
let the cat out of the bag. y tener algo
en la punta de la lengua fig to have
letal
sth on the tip of one's tongue. y comp
lengua materna mother tongue.
lenguado nm sole.
lenguaje nm 1 (gen) language. 2 (habla)
speech.
lenguaraz adj (hablador) garrulous.
lengeta nf (de zapato) tongue.
lente nm & nf lens.
P nm pl lentes
lenses. c o m p lentes de con
tacto contact lenses.
lenteja nf lentil.
lentejuela nf sequin.
lentilla nf contact lens.
lentitud nf slowness.
lento,-a adj slow.
P adv lento slowly.
lea nf wood, firewood.
leador,-ra nm & nf woodcutter.
leera nf woodshed.
leo nm log.
leoso,-a adj ligneous, woody.
len,-ona nm & nf (animal - macho) lion;
(- hembra) lioness. c o m p len marino
sea lion.
leonera nf lion's den.
L
leonino,-a adj 1 (de len) lion-like.
leopardo nm leopard.
leotardos nm pl thick woollen tights.
lepra nf leprosy.
leproso,-a adj leprous.
lerdo,-a adj fam slow-witted.
les pron 1 (objeto directo) them; (ustedes)
you: dice que les vio ayer she says she
saw them yesterday; no les entiendo I
don't understand you. 2 (objeto indirecto)
them; (a ustedes) you: entraron en casa
ladrones y les robaron burglars broke in
and robbed them; les doy una oportuni
dad ms I'll give you one more chance.
. Consulta tambin le.
lesin nf (dao fsico) wound, injury.
lesionado,-a adj injured.
lesionar vt (herir) to injure.
P vpr lesionarse to get injured.
lesivo,-a adj damaging, injurious.
Lesotho nm Lesotho.
letal adj lethal, deadly.
 letana 222
letana nf fam (lista) long list.
letargo nm lethargy.
letn,-ona adj Latvian.
P nm & nf (persona) Latvian.
P nm letn (idioma) Latvian.
Letonia nf Latvia.
letra nf 1 (del alfabeto) letter. 2 (de impren-
ta) character. 3 (escritura) handwrit-
ing. 4 (de cancin) lyrics pl, words pl.
c o m p letra de imprenta block capitals
pl. y letra mayscula capital letter.
letrado,-a nm & nf lawyer.
letrero nm sign, notice.
letrina nf latrine.
leucemia nf leukaemia, us leukemia.
leucocito nm white blood cell.
leva nf mil levy.
levadizo,-a adj which can be raised.
levadura nf yeast.
levantamiento nm (de objeto, etc) lifting.
levantar vt (alzar) to raise, lift: no lo pue
do levantar, pesa mucho I can't lift it, it's
heavy. l o c levantar la vista to look up.
P vpr levantarse 1 (alzarse) to rise. 2 (po-
nerse de pie) to stand up. 3 (dejar la cama)
get out of bed. 4 (viento) to get up.
levante nm (este) East.
levar vt (ancla) to weigh.
leve adj 1 slight, light.
levedad nf lightness, insignificance.
levitar vi to levitate.
lxico,-a adj lexical.
lexicn nm (diccionario) lexicon.
ley nf law.
leyenda nf (narracin) legend.
lezna nf awl.
liado,-a adj (ocupado) busy.
liana nf liana.
liar vt 1 (atar) to tie up, bind; (envolver) to
wrap up. 2 fam (complicar) to mix up,
make a mess of; (confundir) to confuse:
cuntale la verdad y no lo les ms tell him licencia nf (permiso) licence.
the truth and stop messing him about.
P vpr liarse a + sustantivo to start + ger:
se liaron a discutir they started arguing.
libans,-esa adj Lebanese.
P nm & nf Lebanese.
Lbano nm el Lbano the Lebanon.
libar vt (nctar) to suck.
liblula nf dragonfly.
liberacin nf (de una persona) release.
liberado,-a adj liberated.
liberador,-ra adj liberating.
liberal adj liberal.
P nm o nf liberal.
liberalismo nm liberalism.
liberalizacin nf liberalization.
liberar vt to free.
Liberia nf Liberia.
liberiano,-a adj Liberian.
P nm & nf Liberian.
libertad nf (gen) freedom, liberty. loc
poner en libertad to free, release.
c o m p libertad de expresin freedom of
expression.
libertar vt to liberate.
libertario,-a adj libertarian.
Libia nf Libya.
libio,-a adj Libyan.
P nm & nf Libyan.
libra nf (moneda, medida) pound. c o m p li
bra esterlina pound sterling.
librar vt to save (de, from): me libraron
de toda responsabilidad they absolved me
of all responsibility.
P vi fam (tener libre) to be off: libro todos
los lunes I've got Mondays off.
P vpr librarse to escape (de, from).
libre adj (gen) free. c o m p entrada libre
free admittance.
librecambio nm free trade.
librera nf (tienda) bookshop.
librero,-a nm & nf bookseller.
libreta nf (para anotar) notebook.
libreto nm libretto.
libro nm (gen) book. c o m p libro de bolsillo
paperback. y libro de consulta refer-
ence book. y libro de texto textbook.
licenciado,-a nm & nf educ graduate.
licenciar vt educ to award a degree to.
P vpr licenciarse to graduate.
licenciatura nf university degree.
liceo nm (colegio) secondary school.
lcito,-a adj 1 (legal) licit. 2 (justo) fair.
 223
licor nm (dulce) liqueur; (bebida alcohlica)
liquor, spirits pl.
licuadora nf juice extractor.
licuar vt to liquefy.
lid nf fig (controversia) dispute.
lder nm o nf leader.
liderar vt to lead.
liderazgo nm leadership.
lidia nf (de toros) bullfight.
liebre nf (animal) hare.
Liechtenstein nm Liechtenstein.
lienzo nm arte (tela) canvas.
liga nf 1 (asociacin) league, alliance. 2
dep league.
ligadura nf (atadura) tie, bond.
ligamento nm ligament.
ligar vt 1 (atar) to tie, bind. 2 (unir) to
link, connect.
ligero,-a adj 1 (liviano) light. 2 (sin impor-
tancia) minor, light.
lignito nm lignite.
lija nf (papel) sandpaper.
lijar vt to sand.
lila adj (color) lilac.
P nf (flor) lilac.
lima nf 1 (herramienta) file; (para uas) nail
file. 2 (fruta) lime; (rbol) lime tree.
limar vt (pulir) to file.
limitacin nf limitation.
limitado,-a adj limited.
limitar vt (gen) to limit.
P vi limitar con to border with. l o c li
mitarse a + inf to restrict os to + ger,
do no more than + inf : una persona in
teligente no se limita a ver la televisin an
intelligent person does not restrict him-
self to watching television.
lmite nm 1 (extremo) limit. 2 (frontera)
boundary. c o m p lmite de velocidad
speed limit.
limtrofe adj bordering.
limo nm slime.
limn nm lemon.
limonada nf lemonade.
limonero nm lemon tree.
limonita nf limonite.
limosna nf alms pl, charity. l o c pedir
limosna to beg.
lista
limpiabotas nm inv bootblack.
limpiacristales nm inv (producto) win-
dow cleaning fluid.
limpiador,-ra adj cleaning.
P nm & nf (persona) cleaner.
limpiamente adv cleanly.
limpiaparabrisas nm inv windscreen
wiper, us windshield wiper.
limpiar vt (gen) to clean, cleanse.
limpieza nf (accin de limpiar) cleaning.
limpio,-a adj (sin suciedad) clean.
P adv fairly: no juegan limpio, hacen tram
pa they don't play fair, they cheat.
linaje nm (ascendencia) lineage.
linaza nf linseed.
lince nm zool lynx.
linchar vt to lynch.
lindar vi to border (con, on), adjoin
(con, -).
linde nm & nf boundary.
lindo,-a adj pretty, nice, lovely.
lnea nf (gen) line. c o m p lnea area air-
line. y lnea recta straight line.
lineal adj linear. L
linftico,-a adj lymphatic.
lingote nm ingot.
lingstica nf linguistics.
lino nm 1 (tela) linen. 2 bot flax.
linterna nf (de pilas) torch.
lo nm (embrollo) mess. l o c hacerse un lo
1 (uso literal) to get tangled up. 2 (uso
figurado) to get muddled up.
lpido nm lipid.
lipotimia nf blackout.
liquen nm lichen.
liquidacin nf (venta) sale.
liquidar vt 1 (deuda) to settle, liqui-
date. 2 (mercancas) to sell off.
lquido,-a nm liquid.
lira nf 1 ms lyre. 2 (moneda) lira.
lrica nf poetry, lyric poetry.
lirio nm lily.
lirn nm dormouse. l o c dormir como
un lirn to sleep like a log.
lis nf (planta) lily.
liso,-a adj 1 smooth. 2 (pelo) straight.
lista nf (relacin) list.
 listo
listo,-a adj 1 (inteligente) clever, smart.
2 (preparado) ready: ests lista? are you
ready?
litera nf bunk bed; (tren) couchette.
literal adj literal.
literario,-a adj literary.
literatura nf literature.
litigar vi (disputar) to argue, dispute.
litigio nm (disputa) dispute.
litio nm lithium.
litoral nm coast.
litosfera nf lithosphere.
litro nm litre, us liter.
Lituania nf Lithuania.
lituano,-a adj Lithuanian.
P nm & nf (persona) Lithuanian.
P nm lituano (idioma) Lithuanian.
liviano,-a adj (ligero) light.
lvido,-a adj livid.
llaga nf (gen) sore; (en la boca) ulcer.
llagar vt to cover with ulcers.
llama nf 1 (de fuego) flame. 2 zool llama.
llamada nf (gen) call.
llamamiento nm (convocatoria) call.
llamar vt 1 (gen) to call. 2 (dar nombre) to
name. 3 (atraer) to appeal to. l o c lla
mar por telfono to call, phone, gb
ring, ring up.
P vi (a la puerta) to knock; (al timbre) to
ring; (al telfono) to ring, call, phone.
P vpr llamarse (tener nombre) to be
called.
llamativo,-a adj showy, flashy.
llamear vi to blaze.
llano,-a adj 1 (plano) flat. 2 (sencillo)
simple.
P nm llano (llanura) plain.
llanta nf wheel rim, rim.
llanto nm crying, weeping.
llanura nf (llano) plain.
llave nf (de puerta, etc) key.
llavero nm key ring.
llegada nf 1 arrival. 2 dep finishing line.
llegar vi 1 to arrive (a, at/in), get (a,
at), reach (a, -): lleg el primero he ar-
rived first. 3 (alcanzar) to reach: llegas a
ese estante? can you reach that shelf? 4
(ser suficiente) to be enough, suffice:
224
te llega con diez euros? is ten euros
enough? 5 (cantidad) to amount (a, to).
6 llegar a + inf (uso enftico): lleg a lla
marme tonto he even called me a silly.
llenar vt 1 (espacio, recipiente) to fill. 2
(formulario) to fill in. 3 (tiempo) to fill,
occupy. 4 llenar de (alegra) to fill with.
P vpr llenarse 1 (gen) to fill. 2 (de gente) to
fill up.
lleno,-a adj 1 full (de, of): est lleno de
gente it's full of people. 2 (cubierto) cov-
ered (de, with).
llevadero,-a adj bearable.
llevar vt 1 (gen) to take: llvale esto a tu
abuela take this to your granny. 2 (tener)
to have; (tener encima) to have, carry:
qu llevas ah? what's that you've got
there? 3 (prenda) to wear, have on: no
me gusta llevar sombrero I don't like wear-
ing a hat. 4 (aguantar) to cope with. 5
(dirigir) to be in charge of: quin lleva
los pedidos? who's in charge of orders? 6
(conducir - coche) to drive: lleva un Seat
azul he drives a blue Seat. 7 (aos) to be
older: te llevo tres aos I'm three years
older than you.
P vi 1 llevar a (conducir) to take, lead:
esta senda lleva a la cima this path takes
you to the summit. 2 llevar a + inf (indu-
cir) to lead to, make: esto me lleva a pen
sar que this leads me to think that
P vpr llevarse 1 (obtener) to get; (ganar)
to win: los rusos se llevaron todas las me
dallas the Russians won all the medals.
2 (recibir) to get: se llev un buen susto he
got quite a shock. 3 (estar de moda) to be
fashionable: este color ya no se lleva this
colour is not fashionable any more. 4
(entenderse) to get on (con, with), get
along (con, with): se lleva bien con sus
padres he gets on well with his parents.
5 mat to carry over.
llorar vi to cry, weep.
P vt to mourn.
llorn,-ona nm & nf fam crybaby.
lloroso,-a adj tearful, weeping.
llover vi [se usa slo en tercera persona; no
lleva sujeto] to rain: llueve it's raining.
lloviznar vi [se usa slo en tercera perso-
na; no lleva sujeto] to drizzle.
 225
lluvia nf 1 rain. 2 fig shower, barrage.
lo art neut the: dime lo que quieres tell me
what you want. l o c lo que what.
P pron 1 (objeto directo - l) him; (- usted)
you: no lo conozco de nada I don't know
him from Adam. 2 (objeto directo - cosa, ani-
mal) it: lo has probado? have you tried it?
loar vt to praise, extol.
lobezno,-a nm & nf zool wolf cub.
lobo,-a nm & nf (macho) wolf; (hembra)
she-wolf.
lbulo nm lobe.
local adj local.
P nm (para negocio) premises pl.
localidad nf 1 (ciudad) town. 2 teat
(asiento) seat; (billete) ticket.
localizar vt 1 (encontrar) to locate, find.
2 (infeccin, incendio) to localize.
locativo,-a adj locative.
locin nf lotion.
loco,-a adj (gen) mad, crazy, insane.
P nm & nf lunatic.
locomocin nf locomotion.
locomotor,-ra adj locomotive.
locomotora nf locomotive.
locucin nf phrase, locution.
locura nf (perturbacin) madness.
locutor,-ra nm & nf announcer.
locutorio nm telephone booth.
lodo nm mud.
logartmico,-a adj logarithmic.
logaritmo nm logarithm.
lgica nf logic.
lgico,-a adj 1 (de la lgica) logical. 2
(natural) normal, to be expected.
lucin
loncha nf (de jamn, queso, etc) slice.
londinense adj of London.
P nm o nf Londoner.
Londres nm London.
longaniza nf cured pork sausage.
longitud nf 1 length. 2 geog longi-
tude.
lonja nf (mercado) exchange, market.
lontananza nf (fondo) background.
loor nm lit praise.
lord nm lord.
loriga nf hist cuirass.
loro nm (pjaro) parrot.
los art def the: los nios the boys.
P pron (objeto directo) them; (ustedes) you:
los vi I saw them; a ustedes dos no los quie
ro volver a ver I don't want to see you
two again.
. Consulta tambin lo, el.
losa nf flagstone, slab.
loseta nf floor tile.
lotera nf lottery.
loto nm (flor) lotus.
loza nf (cermica) china.
L
lozana nf (de persona) healthiness.
lozano,-a adj 1 (persona) healthy,
lusty. 2 (planta) fresh.
lubina nf bass.
lubricante nm lubricant.
lubricar vt to lubricate.
lucerna nf skylight.
lucero nm bright star.
lucha nf 1 (gen) fight, struggle. 2 dep

logstica nf logistics. wrestling. comp lucha libre free-style

logopeda nm o nf speech therapist. wrestling.
logotipo nm logo, logotype. luchador,-ra nm & nf 1 (gen) fighter. 2
logrado,-a adj (conseguido) successful. dep wrestler.
lograr vt (conseguir) to get, achieve. luchar vi 1 to fight. 2 dep to wrestle.
logro nm (xito) achievement. lucidez nf lucidity.
losmo nm incorrect use of lo and los as lucido,-a adj beautiful.
indirect objects instead of le and les. lcido,-a adj lucid, clear-headed.
loma nf hill. lucirnaga nf glow-worm.
lombriznf (intestinal) worm. lucfero,-a adj lit resplendent.
lomo nm 1 culin (de cerdo) loin; (de ternera) lucimiento nm showing off.
sirloin. 2 anat back. lucio nm pike.
lona nf canvas. lucin nm slowworm.
 lucir
lucir vt (mostrar) to show, display; (ropa)
to wear, sport.
P vpr lucirse (sobresalir) to be brilliant.
lucrarse vpr to make a profit.
lucrativo,-a adj lucrative, profitable.
lucro nm gain, profit.
luctuoso,-a adj lit mournful, sorrow-
ful.
ldico,-a adj recreational.
ludpata nm o nf compulsive gambler.
ludopata nf compulsive gambling.
luego adv 1 (despus) then, afterwards,
next. 2 (ms tarde) later.
P conj so, therefore.
lugar nm 1 (sitio, ciudad) place. 2 (posicin,
situacin) place, position: lleg en quinto
lugar he finished in fifth place. 3 (espacio)
room, space: ya no hay lugar para ms
muebles there's no room for any more
furniture. l o c en lugar de instead of.
lugareo,-a adj local.
P nm & nf local.
lugarteniente nm deputy.
lgubre adj (triste) bleak, lugubrious.
lujo nm luxury.
lujosamente adv luxuriously.
lujoso,-a adj luxurious.
lumbago nm lumbago.
lumbar adj lumbar.
lumbre nf (fuego) fire.
lumbrera nf (persona) genius, luminary.
luminaria nf (en fiestas) light.
lumnico,-a adj light.
luminiscencia nf luminiscence.
luminiscente adj luminiscent.
luminosidad nf luminosity.
luminoso,-a adj bright, luminous.
226
luminotecnia nf lighting.
luminotcnico,-a adj lighting.
luna nf 1 (satlite) moon. 2 (cristal) win-
dow pane; (de ventana) glass. 3 (espejo)
mirror. c o m p luna llena full moon. y
luna de miel honey moon.
lunacin nf lunation.
lunar adj lunar, moon: las fases lunares
the phases of the moon.
P nm (en la piel) beauty spot. l o c de lu
nares spotted.
luntico,-a nm & nf lunatic.
lunes nm inv Monday.
. Consulta tambin jueves.
luneta nf car window. c o m p luneta tr
mica heated rear windscreen.
lnula nf half-moon, lunule.
lupa nf magnifying glass. l o c con lupa
meticulously.
lpulo nm hop.
lustrabotas nm o nf bootblack.
lustrar vt to polish.
lustre nm (brillo) polish, shine, lustre,
us luster.
lustro nm five years pl.
lustroso,-a adj shiny.
luto nm 1 mourning. 2 fig grief.
luxacin nf dislocation.
Luxemburgo nm Luxembourg.
luxemburgus,-esa adj of Luxem-
bourg, from Luxembourg.
P nm & nf Luxembourger.
luz nf 1 (gen) light. 2 fam (electricidad) elec-
tricity. 3 (iluminacin) lighting. l o c dar a
luz to give birth. y salir a la luz to
come out. c o m p luces de posicin side-
lights. y luz del sol sunlight.

227
M, m nf (la letra) M, m.
m1 sm (metro) metre (us meter); (smbo-
lo) m.
m2 sm (milla) mile; (smbolo) m.
m3 abrev (minuto) minute; (abreviatura)
min.
maca nf (en fruta) bruise.
macabro,-a adj macabre.
macaco,-a nm & nf zool macaque.
macarrn nm (pasta italiana) piece of
macaroni.
P nm pl macarrones macaroni.
macedonia nf fruit salad. c o m p mace
donia de frutas fruit salad.
maceracin nf (remojo - de fruta) macer-
ation, soaking; (- de carne, pescado)
marinading.
macerar vt (poner en remojo - fruta) to
macerate, soak; (- carne, pescado) to
marinade.
maceta nf flowerpot.
macetero nm flowerpot holder.
macha adj (almeja) type of clam.
machacar vt 1 (triturar) to crush. 2 fam
(vencer) to hammer, thrash. 3 fam (insis-
tir en) to harp on about, go on about.
P vi 1 (estudiar) to swot up, cram, us
grind. 2 (insistir en) to go on ( con ,
about), harp on (con, about).
machacn,-ona adj fam insistent, re-
petitive.
machaque nm beating.
machetazo nm blow with a machete.
machete nm machete.
machihembrado,-a nm tongue and
groove joint.
machismo nm male chauvinism.
machista adj male chauvinist.
M
macho adj 1 (animal, planta) male. 2
(persona) macho, tough.
P nm 1 (animal, planta) male. 2 fam
(hombre) macho man, tough guy.
macilento,-a adj wan, pallid.
macizo,-a adj solid.
P nm macizo (montaoso) massif,
mountain mass.
macro nf inform macro.
macrocefalia nf macrocephaly..
macrocosmos nm inv macrocosm.
macroeconoma nf macroeconomics.
macroeconmico,-a adj macroeco-
nomic.
macroscpico,-a adj macroscopic.
mcula nf lit blemish.
macuto nm knapsack, rucksack.
Madagascar nm Madagascar.
madeja nf (de lana) skein, hank.
madera nf (en el rbol) wood; (cortada)
timber, us lumber: es de madera it's
made of wood, it's wooden.
maderero,-a adj (industria) timber.
madero nm piece of timber.
madona nf Madonna.
madrastra nf stepmother.
madraza nf fam doting mother.
madre nf mother. c o m p madre soltera
single mother.
madreselva nf honeysuckle.
madrigal nm madrigal.
madriguera nf (de conejo) burrow,
warren; (de zorro) den, lair.
madrina nf godmother.
madroo nm strawberry tree.
madrugada nf (despus de medianoche)
early morning: a las cinco de la madru
gada at five o'clock in the morning.
madrugador
madrugador,-ra nm & nf early riser.
madrugar vi (levantarse pronto) to get up
early.
madrugn loc pegarse un madrugn
fam to get up at the crack of dawn.
madurar vi 1 (fruto) to ripen. 2 (persona)
to mature.
P vt 1 (fruto) to ripen. 2 (plan, proyecto)
to think about carefully.
madurez nf (de la persona) maturity.
maduro,-a adj 1 (persona) mature. 2
(fruta) ripe.
maestre nm hist master.
maestra nf (destreza) mastery, skill.
maestro,-a adj (principal) master; (pa-
red, viga) main, supporting.
P nm & nf 1 (de primaria - hombre) school-
master; (- mujer) schoolmistress. 2 (ins-
tructor) teacher. c o m p maestro de escue
la schoolteacher.
magacn nm (revista) magazine.
magdalena nf small sponge cake.
magenta nf magenta.
magia nf magic.
mgico,-a adj (pcima, palabra) magic.
magisterio nm (profesin) teaching
profession.
magistrado,-a nm & nf (juez) judge.
magistral adj masterly, masterful.
magistratura nf (cuerpo) judges pl.
magma nf magma.
magnanimidad nf magnanimity.
magnnimo,-a adj magnanimous.
magnate nm tycoon, magnate.
magnesio nm magnesium.
magntico,-a adj magnetic.
magnetismo nm magnetism.
magnetizacin nf magnetization.
magnetizar vt to magnetize.
magnetofnico,-a adj sound record-
ing.
magnetfono nm tape recorder.
magnicidio nm assassination.
magnificar vt (ensalzar) to praise.
magnificencia nf magnificence,
splendour.
magnfico,-a adj splendid.
magnitud nf fs magnitude.
228
magno,-a adj great.
magnolia nf (rbol, flor) magnolia.
magnolio nm magnolia.
mago,-a nm & nf (gen) magician, con-
jurer; (de los cuentos) wizard.
magro,-a adj lean.
magulladura nf bruise, contusion.
magullar vt to bruise.
maicena nf cornflour.
mailing nm mailshot.
maitre nm o nf head waiter, matre.
maz nm 1 (planta) maize, us corn. 2
(grano) sweet corn, us corn.
maizal nm maize field, us corn field.
majada nf sheepfold.
majadera nf nonsense, balderdash.
majadero,-a adj stupid, dim-witted.
majar vt to crush.
majestad nf (distincin) majesty.
majestuoso,-a adj majestic.
majo,-a adj (simptico) nice.
majuelo nm (via) young vine.
mal nm 1 evil. 2 (dao) harm. 3 (enferme-
dad) sickness.
P adj (forma apocopada de malo) bad.
P adv 1 (no adecuadamente) badly: se port
mal con nosotros he treated us badly. 2
(enfermo) ill, sick: me encuentro mal I feel
ill, I don't feel well. 3 (incorrectamente)
wrong: lo has hecho mal you've done it
wrong. 4 (en frases negativas) bad, badly:
la pelcula no est mal the film's not bad.
malabarismo nm juggling. l o c hacer
malabarismos to juggle.
malabarista nm o nf juggler.
malacostumbrado,-a adj spoilt.
malacostumbrar vt to spoil.
malaria nf malaria.
malasio,-a adj Malaysian.
P nm & nf Malaysian.
malaventura nf misfortune.
malaventurado,-a adj unfortunate.
Malawi nm Malawi.
malawiano,-a adj Malawian.
P nm & nf Malawian.
malayo,-a adj Malay.
P nm & nf (persona) Malay.
P nm malayo (idioma) Malay.
 229
Malaysia nf Malaysia.
malcarado,-a adj grim-faced.
malcomer vi not to eat enough.
malcriado,-a adj (mimado) spoilt.
malcriar vt to spoil.
maldad nf 1 (cualidad) evil, wickedness.
2 (acto) evil thing, wicked thing.
maldecir vt to curse, damn.
P vi to curse.
maldiciente adj slanderous.
maldicin nf curse.
maldito,-a adj damned.
Maldivas nm Maldives.
maldivo,-a adj Maldivian.
P nm & nf Maldivian.
maleabilidad nf malleability.
maleable adj malleable.
maleante nm o nf delinquent.
malear vt (daar) to spoil, damage.
malecn nm mole, jetty.
maledicencia nf evil talk, gossip.
maleducado,-a adj rude.
P nm & nf rude person: es una maledu
cada she's really rude.
maleducar vt (nio) to spoil.
maleficio nm curse, evil spell.
malfico,-a adj evil, harmful.
malentendido nm misunderstanding.
malestar nm fig unrest.
maleta nf suitcase, case. l o c hacer la
maleta 1 (empacar) to pack. 2 (irse) to
pack up.
maletero nm auto boot, us trunk.
maletn nm briefcase.
malvolo,-a adj malevolent.
maleza nf (malas hierbas) weeds pl.
malformacin nf malformation.
malgache adj Madagascan, Malagsy.
P nm o nf Madagascan.
malgastador,-ra nm & nf squanderer.
malgastar vt to waste, squander.
malhablado,-a adj foul-mouthed.
malhecho,-a adj deformed.
malhechor,-ra nm & nf criminal.
malherir vt to wound badly.
malhumor nm bad temper.
malts
malhumorado,-a adj bad-tempered.
l o c estar malhumorado,-a to be in a
bad mood.
Mal nm Mali.
malicia nf (mala intencin) malice.
maliciosamente adv maliciously.
malicioso,-a adj malicious, spiteful.
maliense adj Malian.
P nm o nf Malian.
maligno,-a adj malignant.
malintencionado,-a adj malicious.
P nm & nf malicious person.
malinterpretar vt to misinterpret.
malsimo,-a adj terrible.
malla nf (red) mesh.
P nf pl mallas (medias sin pie) leggings.
malnacido,-a nm & nf despicable per-
son.
malnutricin nf malnutrition.
malnutrido,-a adj malnourished.
malo,-a adj 1 bad: qu da tan malo hace!
what dreadful weather! 2 (malvado)
wicked, evil: es muy mala persona he's a
nasty piece of work. 3 (travieso) naughty:
qu nio ms malo! what a naughty child!
4 (nocivo) harmful: el tabaco es malo para la
salud smoking is bad for you. 5 (enfermo)
ill, sick: no ha venido a trabajar porque est
M
malo con gripe he's off sick with flu. 6 (es-
tropeado) off: este pescado ya est malo this
fish has gone off already.
P nm & nf (en la ficcin) baddy, villain:
quin es el malo? who's the baddy?
malogrado,-a adj wasted.
malograr vt (desaprovechar) to waste.
maloliente adj foul-smelling.
malparado,-a loc salir malparado,-a
to come off badly.
malpensado,-a adj nasty-minded.
malsano,-a adj (ambiente, vida) un-
healthy; (curiosidad) morbid, un-
healthy; (mente) sick.
malsonante adj offensive, rude.
malta nf malt.
Malta nf Malta.
maltear vt to malt.
malts adj Maltese.
P nm & nf (persona) Maltese.
P nm malts (idioma) Maltese.
maltratar
maltratar vt (tratar mal) to ill-treat,
mistreat; (pegar) to batter.
maltrato nm mistreatment.
maltrecho,-a adj 1 (persona) battered.
2 (cosa) damaged, destroyed.
malva adj (color) mauve.
P nf mallow.
malvado,-a adj wicked, evil.
malvarrosa nf hollyhock.
malvasa nf (uva) malvasia.
malvavisco nm marshmallow.
malvender vt to sell at a loss.
malversar vt to embezzle.
Malvinas nf pl Islas Malvinas Falkland
Islands, Falklands.
malvinense adj of the Falklands.
P nm o nf Falklander, Falkland islander.
malvivir vi to live very badly.
mama nf (pecho) breast.
mam nf fam mummy, us mom.
mamar vt (succionar) to suck.
P vi (beb) to feed. l o c dar de mamar
to breast-feed.
mamario,-a adj mammary.
mambo nm mambo.
mamfero,-a adj mammalian.
mamografa nf mammography.
mamotreto nm (armatoste) monstrosity.
mampara nf screen.
mampostera nf masonry.
mamut nm mammoth.
man nm manna.
manada nf (vacas, elefantes) herd; (ovejas)
flock; (lobos, perros) pack. l o c en ma
nada en masse.
mnager nm o nf manager.
manantial nm spring.
manar vi (salir) to flow ( de, from),
pour (de, from), well (de, from).
manat nm manatee.
manazas adj inv clumsy.
mancha nf stain, spot.
manchado,-a adj stained.
manchar vt to stain, dirty.
P vpr mancharse to get dirty.
mancillar vt arc to sully.
manco,-a adj (sin un brazo) one-armed;
(sin una mano) one-handed.
230
mancomunidad nf association.
mandamiento nm rel command-
ment.
mandar vt 1 (ordenar) to order, tell. 2
(enviar) to send.
P vi (dirigir - un grupo) to be in charge.
mandarina nf mandarin, tangerine.
mandatario,-a nm & nf pol leader.
mandato nm (orden) order.
mandbula nf jaw.
mandil nm apron.
mandioca nf manioc, cassava.
mando nm 1 (autoridad) command: le han
relevado en el mando he's been dismissed.
2 (dispositivo) control. c o m p mando a dis
tancia (sistema) remote control.
mandolina nf mandolin.
mandn,-ona adj fam bossy.
P nm & nf fam bossy boots.
mandrgora nf mandrake.
mandril nm zool mandril.
manecilla nf (de reloj) hand.
manejable adj easy-to-handle.
manejar vt to handle, operate, use.
manejo nm (uso) handling, use.
manera nf way, manner. l o c de cual
quier manera 1 (en cualquier caso) in any
case. 2 (sin cuidado, consideracin, inters)
carelessly. y de ninguna manera certain-
ly not. y de todas maneras in any case.
manga nf sleeve: en mangas de camisa in
shirt sleeves.
manganeso nm manganese.
mangar vt fam to pinch, nick, swipe.
manglar nm mangrove swamp.
mango1 nm handle.
mango2 nm bot mango.
mangonear vt fam to boss about.
mangoneo nm fam meddling.
mangosta nf mongoose.
manguera nf (de riego) hose.
manguito nm (de manos) muff.
man nm peanut.
mana nf 1 med mania. 2 (ojeriza) dis-
like, grudge. 3 (costumbre) habit; (obse-
sin) obsession, mania: tiene la mana
de morderse las uas she has a habit of
biting her nails.
 231
manaco,-a adj med manic.
P nm & nf fam maniac.
maniatar vt to tie up.
manitico,-a adj (raro) cranky.
P nm & nf (quisquilloso) fusspot.
manicomio nm mental hospital.
manicura nf manicure.
manido,-a adj (tema) stale.
manifestacin nf demonstration.
manifestante nm o nf demonstrator.
manifestar vt (expresar) to express.
P vpr manifestarse to demonstrate: se
manifestaron a favor del desarme nuclear
they demonstrated in favour of nuclear
disarmament.
manifiesto,-a adj obvious, evident.
P nm manifiesto manifesto.
manija nf handle.
manilla nf (de reloj) hand.
manillar nm handlebars pl.
maniobra nf manoeuvre.
maniobrar vi to manoeuvre.
manipulacin nf manipulation.
manipulador,-ra adj manipulative.
P nm & nf manipulator.
manipular vt to manipulate.
maniquesmo nm (doctrina) Man-
ichaeism.
maniqu nm (mueco) dummy.
manirroto,-a adj fam spendthrift.
P nm & nf fam spendthrift.
manitas nm o nf handyman.
manivela nf crank, handle.
manjar nm delicious dish, delicacy.
mano nf 1 anat hand. 2 (de pintura) coat.
l o c a mano 1 (escrito) handwritten, by
hand. 2 (hecho) handmade, by hand. 3
(cerca) to hand, handy, near. y echar una
mano to give a hand, lend a hand.
manojo nm bunch.
manmetro nm pressure gauge.
manopla nf (guante) mitten.
manotazo nm slap, smack, swipe.
mansarda nf attic.
mansedumbre nf meekness, docility.
mansin nf mansion.
manso,-a adj (animal) tame.
manta nf (gen) blanket.
maana
mantear vt to toss in a blanket.
manteca nf (elaborado) lard. c o m p man
teca de cacao cocoa butter. y manteca
de cerdo lard.
mantecado nm (helado) dairy ice cream.
mantecoso,-a adj greasy.
mantel nm tablecloth.
mantelera nf table linen.
mantener vt 1 (conservar) to keep. 2
(sustentar) to support, maintain: ella
sola mantiene a toda la familia she sup-
ports the whole family by herself. 3
(conversacin, relaciones) to have; (corres-
pondencia) to keep up.
P vpr mantenerse 1 (sostenerse) to re-
main, stand. 2 (continuar en un estado, una
posicin) to keep: se mantuvo a distancia
she kept her distance. 3 (sostenerse) to
manage, maintain os, ssupport os.
mantenimiento nm maintenance.
mantequera nf butter dish.
mantequera nf (tienda) delicatessen.
mantequilla nf butter.
mantilla nf 1 (de mujer) mantilla. 2 (de
nio) shawl.
mantillo nm (abono del suelo) humus.
mantis nf mantis. c o m p mantis religio M
sa praying mantis.
manto nm (capa) cloak.
mantn nm large shawl.
manual adj manual.
P nm manual, handbook.
manualidad nf handicraft.
P nf pl manualidades arts and crafts.
manubrio nm crank, crankhandle.
manufacturar vt to manufacture.
manuscrito,-a adj handwritten.
P nm manuscrito manuscript.
manutencin nf (gen) maintenance.
manzana nf bot apple.
manzanilla nf (planta) camomile.
manzano nm apple tree.
maa nf (habilidad) skill, knack. l o c
agarrarle la maa a algo fam to get the
knack of sth, get the hang of sth.
maana nf morning: hace una maana
preciosa it's a beautiful morning. l o c por
la maana in the morning.
maoso 232
P adv tomorrow: maana no tengo que ir
al cole I don't have to go to school to-
morrow. l o c hasta maana! see you
tomorrow!
maoso,-a adj (habilidoso) skilful.
maor adj Maori.
P nm & nf (persona) Maori.
P nm (idioma) Maori.
mapa nm map.
mapache nm racoon.
mapamundi nm map of the world.
maqueta nf (de edificio, monumento, etc)
scale model.
maquetar vt to do the page layout of.
maquetista nm o nf 1 (de maquetas) mod-
el maker. 2 (de libros) page designer.
maquiavlico,-a adj Machiavellian.
maquillador,-ra nm & nf make-up as-
sistant.
maquillaje nm make-up.
maquillar vt to make up.
P vpr maquillarse (ponerse maquillaje) to
make os up.
mquina nf 1 (gen) machine. 2 (de un tren)
engine. c o m p mquina de afeitar shav-
er, electric razor. y mquina de coser
sewing machine. y mquina de escribir
typewriter. y mquina de fotos camera.
y mquina de lavar washing machine.
maquinar vt to scheme, plot.
maquinaria nf 1 machinery. 2 mecha-
nism.
maquinilla nf razor.
maquinista nm o nf (de tren) engine
driver, us engineer.
mar nm & nf (gen) sea. l o c en alta mar
on the high sea, on the open sea. y
la mar de (muy) very, really.
marabunta nf 1 swarm of ants. 2 fam
fig mob, crowd.
maraca nf maraca.
maracuy nf passion fruit.
maraj nm maharajah.
maraa nf (espesura) thicket.
maratn nm marathon.
maratoniano,-a adj marathon.
maravilla nf wonder, marvel. l o c de
maravilla wonderfully.
maravillar vt to astonish, amaze.
P vpr maravillarse to marvel (de, at).
maravilloso,-a adj wonderful.
marca nf 1 (seal) mark, sign. 2 (en co-
mestibles, productos del hogar) brand; (en
otros productos) make. 3 dep record. c o m p
marca registrada registered trade-
mark.
marcado,-a adj 1 (sealado) marked.
2 (acento) marked, pronounced.
marcador nm 1 dep scoreboard. 2
inform bookmark.
marcapasos nm inv pacemaker.
marcar vt 1 (sealar) to mark; (ganado)
to brand. 2 dep (gol, canasta) to score.
3 (en telfono) to dial.
marcha nf 1 (de protesta, soldados) march.
2 (progreso) course, progress. 3 (aban-
dono) leaving. 4 auto gear. 5 dep walk.
6 fam (de persona) go, energy; (de lugar,
ambiente) life. l o c dar marcha atrs 1
(coche) to reverse. 2 (proyecto) to fall
through. y ir de marcha (por la noche) go
out on the town. y poner en marcha 1
(coche) to start. 2 (proyecto) to start up.
marchar vi 1 (ir) to go, walk. 2 (funcio-
nar) to work, run. 3 mil to march.
P vpr marcharse to leave.
marchitar vt to wither.
P vpr marchitarse to wither.
marchito,-a adj (planta) withered; (be-
lleza) faded.
marchoso,-a adj fam (persona) fun-
loving, wild; (msica, sitio) lively.
P nm & nf raver, fun-lover.
marcial adj martial.
marciano,-a adj Martian.
P nm & nf Martian.
marco nm 1 (de cuadro, ventana) frame.
2 (moneda) mark.
marea nf tide. c o m p marea alta high
tide. y marea baja low tide. y marea
negra oil slick.
mareado,-a adj (en general) sick: estoy
mareado I feel sick.
mareante adj (que marea) sickening.
marear vt to make sick.
P vpr marearse 1 to get sick. 2 (sentir
vrtigo) to get dizzy.
marejada nf swell.
 233
marejadilla nf slight swell.
maremoto nm tidal wave.
mareo nm sickness.
marfil nm ivory.
marfileo,-a adj (de Costa de Marfil) of
the Ivory Coast.
P nm & nf native of the Ivory Coast.
marga nf marl.
margarina nf margarine.
margarita nf 1 bot daisy. 2 (de mqui-
na) daisywheel.
margen nm (del papel) margin.
marginacin nf exclusion.
marginado,-a adj marginalized.
P nm & nf social outcast.
marginal adj 1 (asunto) marginal, mi-
nor. 2 (persona) marginalized.
marginar vt (persona) exclude; (grupo
social) marginalize.
marido nm husband.
marimandn,-ona nm & nf fam bossy
boots.
marina nf (flota) navy.
marinar vt to marinate.
marine nm marine.
marinero,-a nm sailor.
marino,-a adj (corriente, animal) marine.
marioneta nf puppet. c o m p (teatro de)
marionetas puppet show.
mariposa nf (insecto) butterfly.
mariposear vi (andar alrededor) to buzz
around.
mariquita nf zool ladybird, us ladybug.
marisabidilla nf fam know-all.
mariscada nf (comida) seafood dish.
mariscal nm marshal.
mariscar vi to fish for shellfish.
marisco nm seafood, shellfish.
marisma nf salt marsh.
marismeo,-a adj (cultivo) marshy.
marisquera nf seafood restaurant.
marital adj marital.
martimo,-a adj maritime, sea.
marketing nm marketing.
marmita nf casserole, cooking pot.
mrmol nm marble.
marzo
marmolera nf (taller) marble cutter's
workshop.
marmreo,-a adj marmoreal.
marmota nf zool marmot.
maroma nf thick rope.
marqus,-esa nm & nf (hombre) mar-
quis, marquess; (mujer) marchioness.
marquesina nf bus shelter.
marquetera nf marquetry.
marrano,-a adj fam filthy, dirty.
P nm & nf fam (sucio) filthy pig, dirty pig.
P nmmarrano zool pig.
marrn adj brown.
P nm (color) brown.
marroqu,-ina adj Moroccan.
P nm & nf Moroccan.
marroquinera nf (artculos) leather
goods pl.
Marruecos nm Morocco.
marrullero,-a adj fam crafty.
marsupial nm marsupial.
marsupio nm marsupium.
marta nf marten.
Marte nm Mars.
martes nm Tuesday.
. Consulta tambin jueves. M
martillazo nm blow with a hammer.
martillear vt to hammer.
martilleo nm hammering.
martillo nm hammer.
martinete nm (ave) heron.
martingala nf fam (artimaa) ruse.
Martinica nf Martinique.
martn pescador nm kingfisher.
mrtir nm o nf martyr.
martirio nm 1 martyrdom. 2 fig tor-
ture, torment.
martirizar vt 1 to martyr. 2 fig to tor-
ment, torture.
marzo nm March: el da 16 de marzo March
the sixteenth, the sixteenth of March; nac
el 6 de marzo de 1993 I was born on March
6th 1993; durante el mes de marzo in
March; en marzo del ao pasado last March;
en marzo del ao que viene next March; a
principios de marzo at the beginning of
 mas
March; a mediados de marzo in mid-March;
a finales de marzo at the end of March.
mas conj but.
ms adv 1 (comparativo) more: este ao ha
llovido ms it has rained more this year. 2
(con nmeros o cantidades) more: ms
de tres more than three. 3 (superlativo)
most: es la ms guapa she's the prettiest. 4
(despus de pron interrog e indef) else: algo
ms? anything else? 5 (exclamativo) so: qu
pelcula ms buena! what a wonderful film!
l o c de ms spare, extra. y ms bien
rather. y ms o menos more or less.
P prep mat plus: dos ms dos igual a cua
tro two plus two is four.
P nm (signo) plus sign.
masa nf 1 (en general) mass. 2 fs mass:
unidad de masa unit of mass. 3 culin (pa-
ra pan) dough; (para tartas) pastry. 4 (de
gente) mass, crowd.
masacre nf massacre.
masaje nm massage.
masajear vt to massage.
masajista nm o nf (hombre) masseur;
(mujer) masseuse.
P nm & nf dep (en ftbol) physiothera-
pist, physio.
mascar vt to chew.
mscara nf (careta) mask.
mascarilla nf (de belleza) face mask.
mascota nf 1 (figura) mascot. 2 (animal
domstico) pet.
masculinidad nf masculinity.
masculino,-a adj 1 male: la poblacin
masculina the male population. 2 (propio de
hombres) masculine. 3 gram masculine.
mascullar vt to mumble, mutter.
masificado,-a adj overcrowded.
masilla nf putty.
masivo,-a adj mass, massive.
master nm educ Master's degree.
mster nm (estudios) master's degree.
masticar vt to chew, masticate.
mstil nm 1 (asta) mast. 2 mar mast.
mastodntico,-a adj fam enormous.
mastoides nf inv mastoid.
mata nf (arbusto) shrub, bush.
matadero nm slaughterhouse.
matador,-ra adj fam (agotador) killing.
234
matalahva nf (planta) anise.
matamoscas nm 1 (insecticida) fly
spray. 2 (pala) fly swat.
matanza nf (gen) slaughter.
matar vt 1 (persona - gen) to kill.
P vpr matarse (involuntariamente) to die;
(voluntariamente) to kill os.
matasellos nm inv (marca) postmark.
mate1 adj (sin brillo) matt.
mate2 nm (ajedrez) mate.
mate3 nm (hierba) mat.
matemtica nf (ciencia) mathematics.
matemticas nf pl mathematics sing.
matemtico,-a adj mathematical.
P nm & nf mathematician.
materia nf 1 (sustancia) matter. 2 (asig-
natura) subject. c o m p materia prima
raw material.
material adj (en general) material.
P nm (conjunto de cosas) equipment.
materialismo nm materialism.
materialista adj materialistic.
materializar vt to put into practice.
maternal adj maternal, motherly.
maternidad nf maternity.
materno,-a adj (abuelo, etc) maternal.
matinal adj morning.
matiz nm 1 (color) shade, tint. 2 (varia-
cin) nuance.
matizar vt 1 arte (colores) to blend. 2
(sonido) to modulate. 3 (aadir un matiz)
to tinge (de, with).
matojo nm small shrub, bush.
matn,-ona nm & nf fam bully, thug.
matorral nm (maleza) bushes pl.
matraca nf wooden rattle.
matraz nm flask.
matriarca nf matriarch.
matriarcado nm matriarchy.
matriarcal adj matriarchal.
matrcula nf 1 (registro - de personas) reg-
istration, enrollment: plazo de matr
cula registration period. 2 (tasa) regis-
tration fee(s), tuition fee(s). 3 auto
(placa) number plate, us license
plate. c o m p matrcula de honor dis-
tinction.
matricular vt (persona) to register.
 235
P vprmatricularse to register, enroll:
me he matriculado en Informtica I've en-
rolled for computer science.
matrimonial adj (derecho) matrimonial.
matrimonio nm 1 (estado) marriage. 2
(pareja) married couple.
matriz nf 1 anat womb. 2 mat matrix.
matrona nf (comadrona) midwife.
matutino,-a adj morning.
P nm matutino (peridico) morning pa-
per.
maullar vi miaow, us meow.
Mauritania nf Mauritania.
mauritano,-a adj Mauritanian.
P nm & nf Mauritanian.
mausoleo nm mausoleum.
maxilar nm jaw, jawbone.
mxima nf (temperatura) maximum
temperature.
mxime adv fml especially.
maximizar vt to maximize.
mximo,-a adj (velocidad) maximum;
(puntuacin, condecoracin) highest.
P nm mximo maximum: tenis una
hora como mximo para acabar you must
be finished in an hour.
maya adj Mayan.
P nm o nf (persona) Mayan.
P nm maya (idioma) Mayan.
mayesttico,-a adj majestic.
mayo nm May.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
maylica nf majolica.
mayonesa nf mayonnaise.
mayor adj 1 (comparativo) bigger, great-
er, larger; (persona) older; (hermanos, hi-
jos) elder, older. 2 (superlativo) biggest,
greatest, largest; (persona) oldest; (her-
manos, hijos) eldest, oldest. 3 (de edad)
mature, elderly: la gente mayor elderly
people. 4 (adulto) grown-up. 5 (principal)
main. 6 ms major.
P nm pl los mayores (adultos) grown-
ups, adults.
P nm & nf el/la mayor (entre varios) the
oldest.
mayoral nm (capataz) foreman.
mayordomo nm butler.
media
mayora nf majority: la mayora de los
hombres most men
mayorista nm o nf wholesaler.
mayoritario,-a adj majority.
mayscula nf capital, capital letter.
maysculo,-a adj (enorme) enormous,
gigantic
maza nf hist (arma) mace.
mazapn nm marzipan.
mazmorra nf dungeon.
mazo nm (martillo) mallet.
mazorca nf cob. c o m p mazorca de maz
corncob.
me pron 1 me: no me lo dijo she didn't tell
me; dmelo give it to me. 2 (reflexivo)
myself: me veo en el espejo I can see my-
self in the mirror.
meandro nm meander.
meca nf mecca, Mecca.
mecnica nf (ciencia) mechanics.
mecnico,-a adj mechanical.
P nm & nf mechanic.
mecanismo nm mechanism.
mecanizacin nf mechanization.
mecanizado,-a adj mechanized.
mecanizar vt to mechanize.
mecano nm Meccano.
M
mecanografa nf typing.
mecanografiar vt to type.
mecedora nf rocking chair.
mecenas nm o nf patron.
mecer vt to rock.
P vpr mecerse (en una silla) to rock; (en
un columpio) to swing.
mecha nf 1 (de vela) wick. 2 mil fuse.
mechado,-a adj larded.
mechar vt (carne) to lard.
mechero nm (cigarette) lighter.
mechn nm (de pelo) lock, strand.
medalla nf medal.
medallero nm dep medals table.
medallista nm o nf dep medal winner.
medalln nm (joya) medallion.
media nf 1 (calcetn) sock. 2 (promedio)
average. 3 mat mean. 4 la media (ho-
ra) half past, half past the hour. c o m p
media aritmtica arithmetic mean.
 mediacin
P nf pl medias (enteras) tights, panti-
hose; (no enteras) stockings.
mediacin nf mediation.
mediado,-a adj (recipiente) half-empty;
l o c a mediados de halfway through.
mediador,-ra adj mediating.
P nm & nf mediator.
mediana nf mat median.
medianero,-a adj dividing.
mediano,-a adj (de calidad) average; (de
tamao) medium, medium-sized.
medianoche nf midnight.
mediante adj by means of.
mediar vi 1 (interceder) to intercede (en
favor de, on behalf of). 2 (interponerse) to
mediate (en, in), intervene (en, in). 3
(estar en medio) to be. 4 (llegar a la mitad).
medicacin nf medicines pl.
medicamento nm medicine, drug.
medicar vt (recetar) to prescribe.
P vpr medicarse to take medicine.
medicina nf medicine.
medicinal adj medicinal.
medicin nf (accin) measuring.
mdico,-a adj medical.
P nm & nf doctor. c o m p mdico,-a de
cabecera general practitioner, GP. y
mdico,-a de familia family doctor.
medida nf 1 (accin) measuring; (dato,
nmero) measurement. 2 (disposicin)
measure. l o c a medida que as.
medidor,-ra nm am (contador) meter.
medieval adj medieval.
medievalista nm o nf medievalist.
medievo nm Middle Ages pl.
medio,-a adj 1 (mitad) half: las dos y me
dia half past two; un ao y medio a year
and a half. 2 (intermedio) middle: a media
tarde in the middle of the afternoon. 3
(de promedio) average.
P adv half: medio terminado,-a half-fin-
ished.
P nm medio 1 (mitad) half. 2 (centro) mid-
dle. 3 (contexto - fsico) environment.
c o m p medio ambiente environment.
P nm pl medios (recursos) means.
medioambiental adj environmental.
mediocampista nm o nf midfield
player.
236
mediocre adj mediocre.
mediocridad nf mediocrity.
medioda nm (las doce) midday.
mediopensionista nm o nf day student.
medir vt to measure.
P vpr medirse to measure os.
meditacin nf meditation.
meditar vt to meditate, think.
P vi to meditate (sobre, over).
mediterrneo,-a adj Mediterranean.
P nm & nf Mediterranean. c o m p el
(mar) Mediterrneo the Mediterra-
nean (Sea).
mdium nm o nf medium.
medrar vi (mejorar socialmente) to get rich.
mdula nf 1 anat marrow. 2 bot pith.
comp mdula espinal spinal cord.
medular adj anat marrow.
medusa nf jellyfish.
megabyte nm megabyte.
megafona nf sound amplification.
megfono nm megaphone.
megahercio nm megahertz.
megaltico,-a adj megalithic.
megalito nm megalith.
megalmano,-a nm & nf megaloma-
niac.
megatn nm megaton.
megavatio nm megawatt.
megavoltio nm megavolt.
mejicano,-a adj Mexican.
P nm & nf Mexican.
Mjico nm Mexico.
mejilla nf cheek.
mejilln nm mussel.
mejor adj 1 (comparativo) better: este libro
es mejor que aqul this book is better than
that one. 2 (superlativo) best: mi mejor
amigo,-a my best friend. l o c a lo mejor
perhaps, maybe.
P adv 1 (comparativo) better: cada vez me
jor better and better every day. 2 (super-
lativo) best.
P nm & nf el/la mejor the best (one).
mejora nf (progreso) improvement.
mejorable adj which could be im-
proved.
mejorar vt to improve.
 237
P vi to improve, get better.
Pvpr mejorarse to get better: que te
mejores! I hope you get better.
mejora nf improvement.
melancola nf melancholy, sadness.
melanclico,-a adj melancholic.
melanina nf melanin.
melaza nf molasses.
melena nf 1 (de persona) hair. 2 (de len)
mane.
melisa nf lemon balm.
mella nf (hendedura) nick, notch.
mellar vt 1 (objeto) to chip, nick. 2 fig
to dent, damage.
mellizo,-a adj twin.
P nm & nf twin.
melocotn nm peach.
melocotonero nm peach tree.
meloda nf melody.
meldico,-a adj melodic.
melodrama nm melodrama.
melodramtico,-a adj melodra-
matic.
melmano,-a adj music lover.
meln nm (fruto) melon.
meloso,-a adj (dulce) sweet, honeyed.
membrana nf membrane.
membrillo nm (fruta) quince.
memo,-a adj fam stupid, dim.
memorable adj memorable.
memorndum nm (cuaderno) notebook.
memoria nf 1 (gen) memory. 2 (informe)
report. 3 (inventario) inventory.
P nf pl memorias (biografa) memoirs.
l o c de memoria (off) by heart, by
memory. y hacer memoria to try to
remember. c o m p memoria RAM RAM
memory.
memorial nm (acto) conmemoration.
memorizar vt to memorize.
mena nf ore.
menaje nm household goods. c o m p
menaje de cocina kitchen equip-
ment.
mencin nf mention.
mencionar vt to mention, cite.
mendelismo nm Mendelism.
mendicante adj mendicant.
menospreciar
mendicidad nf begging.
mendigar vi to beg.
mendigo,-a nm & nf beggar.
mendrugo nm hard crust (of bread).
menear vt (cabeza) to shake; (cola) to
wag; (cuerpo, caderas) to wiggle.
menestra nf vegetable stew.
mengua nf (disminucin) decrease.
menguado,-a adj diminished.
menguante adj (luna) waning.
menguar vi 1 (cantidad) to decrease. 2
(luna) to wane.
menhir nm menhir.
meninge nm meninx.
meningitis nm inv meningitis.
menisco nm meniscus.
menopausia nf menopause.
menopusico,-a adj menopausal.
menor adj 1 (comparativo - en tamao)
smaller; (- en calidad, importancia) lesser;
(- en edad) younger. 2 (superlativo - en
tamao) smallest; (- en calidad, importan-
cia) least; (- en edad) youngest. 3 (infe-
rior) minor. 4 ms minor.
P nm o nf jur minor. c o m p menor de
edad minor.
menos adj 1 (comparativo - en cantidad) M
less; (- en nmero) fewer: yo tengo menos
aos que t I'm younger than you. 2 (su-
perlativo - de cantidad) least; (- de nmero)
fewest: yo soy la que menos culpa tiene
I'm the least guilty.
P adv 1 (comparativo - de cantidad) less; (-
de nmero) fewer: voy al gimnasio menos
que antes I go to the gym less than be-
fore. 2 (superlativo) least: es el menos gua
po he's the least good-looking. 3 (con ho-
ras) to: las tres menos cuarto a quarter to
three. 4 mat minus. l o c a menos que
unless. y al menos at least. y por lo
menos at least.
P prep but, except: todo menos eso any-
thing but that.
P pron (cantidad) less; (nmero) fewer:
me pag menos he paid me less.
P nm mat minus sign.
menospreciar vt 1 (despreciar) to de-
spise, scorn. 2 (no valorar) to under-
value, underrate.
menosprecio
menosprecio nm (poco aprecio) under-
estimation, lack of appreciation.
mensaje nm 1 (en general) message. 2
(envo electrnico) posting.
mensajera nf courier service.
mensajero,-a nm & nf courier.
menstruacin nf menstruation.
menstrual adj menstrual.
menstruar vi to menstruate.
mensual adj monthly.
mensualidad nf (que se cobra) monthly
salary; (que se paga) monthly instal-
ment.
mensurable adj measurable.
menta nf (hierba) mint.
mental adj mental.
mentalidad nf mentality.
mentalizar vt to make aware.
P vpr mentalizarse (hacerse a la idea) to
get used to the idea.
mente nf 1 (pensamiento) mind. 2 (facul-
tades) mind, intelligence, intellect.
mentir vi to lie.
mentira nf lie.
mentiroso,-a nm & nf liar.
mentn nm chin.
mentor nm mentor.
men nm 1 culin menu. 2 inform
menu. c o m p men del da set menu.
menudo,-a adj 1 (pequeo) small, tiny.
2 (enftico) what a: menudo lo! what
a mess! l o c a menudo often.
meique adj little. c o m p (dedo) mei
que little finger.
meollo nm (lo esencial) core, heart,
crux.
mercader nm arc merchant.
mercadera nf merchandise.
mercadillo nm flea market, bazaar.
mercado nm market. c o m p Mercado
Comn Common Market. y mercado
de abastos wholesale food market.
mercanca nf (gen) goods.
mercante adj merchant.
mercantil adj commercial.
mercantilismo nm mercantilism.
mercenario,-a nm & nf mercenary.
238
mercera nf (tienda) haberdasher's
shop, us notions store.
mercurio nm qum mercury.
merecedor,-ra adj worthy.
merecer vt to deserve, be worth: me
rece la pena verlo it's worth a visit.
merecido,-a nm (just) come-up-
pance. l o c llevar su merecido to get
one's come-uppance.
merendar vi to have tea.
P vt to have something for tea.
merendero nm open-air snack bar.
merengue nm culin meringue.
meridiano,-a nm meridian.
meridional adj southern.
merienda nf afternoon snack, tea.
merina nf merino sheep.
mrito nm (de alguien) merit.
merluza nf hake.
mermar vt to reduce.
P vi to decrease, diminish.
mermelada nf jam; (de ctricos) marma-
lade.
mero nm (pez) grouper.
merodear vi (curiosear) to prowl
about.
mes nm month.
mesa nf (gen) table; (de oficina) desk. l o c
poner la mesa to set the table, lay
the table. y quitar/recoger la mesa to
clear the table.
meseta nf geog plateau.
mesianismo nm Messianism.
mesas nm inv Messiah.
mesilla nf small table. c o m p mesilla de
noche bedside table.
mesocarpio nm mesocarp.
mesoltico,-a nm the Mesolithic.
mesn nm old-style restaurant.
mestizaje nm crossbreeding.
mestizo,-a adj of mixed race.
P nm & nf person of mixed race.
mesura nf restraint, moderation.
meta nf 1 (en una carrera) finishing line.
2 (portera) goal. 3 fig purpose.
metabolismo nm metabolism.
metabolizar vt to metabolize.
metafsica nf metaphysics.
 239
metfora nf metaphor.
metafrico,-a adj metaphorical.
metal nm metal.
metlico,-a adj metallic.
P nm metlico cash.
metalista nm o nf metal worker.
metalistera nf metal work.
metalizado,-a adj metallic.
metalizar vt to metallize (us metal-
ize).
metalurgia nf metallurgy.
metalrgico,-a adj metallurgical.
& nf metallurgist.
P nm
metamrfico,-a adj metamorphic.
metamorfosis nf inv metamorphosis.
metano nm methane.
metanol nm methanol.
metstasis nf inv metastasis.
metatarso nm metatarsus.
meterico,-a adj meteoric.
meteorito nm meteorite.
meteoro nm meteor.
meteorologa nf meteorology.
meteorolgico,-a adj meteorological.
meteorlogo,-a nm & nf meteorolo-
gist.
metepatas nm o nf fam bigmouth.
meter vt 1 (introducir) to put. 2 (implicar)
to put into (en, -), get into (en, -), in-
volve in (en, -).
P vpr meterse 1 (introducirse en) to get
in: se meti en la cama he got into bed. 2
(tomar parte - negocio) to go into (en, -);
(involucrarse en) to get involved (en, in/
with), get mixed up (en, in/with). 3
(introducirse) to get involved (en, in):
me met totalmente en el papel I got com-
pletely into in the role. 4 (ir) to go: dn
de se habr metido? where can he have
got to?
meticuloso,-a adj (cuidadoso) meticu-
lous.
metido,-a adj (envuelto, implicado) in-
volved (en, in).
metileno nm methylene.
metlico,-a adj methylic.
metdico,-a adj methodical.
mtodo nm method.
microbiologa
metodologa nf methodology.
metodolgico,-a adj methodologi-
cal.
metonimia nf metonymy.
metraje nm (pelcula rodada) footage.
comp largo metraje (full-length) fea-
ture film.
metralla nf shrapnel.
metralleta nf sub-machine-gun.
mtrica nf metrics pl.
mtrico,-a adj 1 (sistema, unidad) met-
ric. 2 (del verso) metrical, metric. c o m p
sistema mtrico metric system.
metro nm 1 metre (us meter). 2 (cinta)
tape measure. 3 (transporte) under-
ground, tube, us subway. c o m p me
tro cuadrado square metre.
metrnomo nm metronome.
metrpoli nf metropolis.
metropolitano,-a adj metropolitan.
P nm metropolitano fml underground,
tube, us subway.
mexicano,-a adj Mexican.
P nm & nf Mexican.
Mxico nm Mexico.
mezcla nf 1 (accin) mixing, blending.
2 (producto) mixture, blend. M
mezclar vt 1 (incorporar, unir) to mix,
blend. 2 (desordenar) to mix up.
P vpr mezclarse 1 (personas) to mix (con,
with). 2 (cosas) to get mixed up.
mezquindad nf 1 meanness, stingi-
ness. 2 (accin) mean thing.
mezquino,-a adj low, base.
mezquita nf mosque.
mi nm ms E.
m pron me: ste es para m this one is for
me.
miau nm miaow, meow, mew.
mica nf geol mica.
micheln nm fam spare tyre.
mico nm (animal) monkey.
micologa nf mycology.
micosis nf inv mycosis.
micra nf micron.
micro nm fam mike, microphone.
microbio nm microbe.
microbiologa nf microbiology.
 microchip
microchip nm microchip.
microclima nm microclimate.
microcomputador nm microcom-
puter.
microcosmos nm inv microcosm.
microeconoma nf microeconomics.
microelectrnica nf microelectronics.
microfilme nm microfilm.
micrfono nm microphone.
microondas nm microwave. c o m p
horno microondas microwave oven.
microordenador nm microcomputer.
microprocesador nm microprocessor.
microscpico,-a adj microscopic.
microscopio nm microscope.
miedo nm fear. l o c tener miedo to be
scared, be frightened, be afraid: tiene
miedo a la oscuridad he's afraid of the dark.
miedoso,-a adj easily frightened.
miel nf honey.
miembro nm 1 (extremidad) limb. 2 (so-
cio) member. 3 mat member.
mientras adv meanwhile.
P conj 1 (temporal) while, whilst: mientras
ests de vacaciones no pienses en el trabajo
while you're on holiday, don't think
about work. 2 (adversativa) whereas: yo
al menos he estudiado, mientras que t no at
least I have studied, whereas you haven't.
mircoles nm Wednesday.
. Consulta tambin jueves.
mies nf corn, grain.
miga nf (parte blanda del pan) crumb.
migracin nf migration.
migraa nf migraine.
migrar vi to migrate.
migratorio,-a adj migratory.
mijo nm millet.
mil adj 1 thousand. 2 (milsimo) thou-
sandth.
P nma thousand, one thousand.
. Consulta tambin seis y sexto,-a.
milagro nm miracle.
milagroso,-a adj miraculous.
milanesa l o c a la milanesa done in
breadcrumbs.
milano nm (ave) kite.
240
milenario,-a adj millennial.
P nm milenario millennium.
milenio nm millennium.
milsimo,-a adj thousandth.
P nm & nf thousandth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
milhojas nm inv culin millefeuille.
mili nf fam military service. l o c hacer la
mili fam to do one's military service.
milicia nf (gente armada) militia.
miliciano,-a adj of the militia.
P nm & nf (hombre) militiaman; (mujer)
militiawoman.
miligramo nm milligram.
mililitro nm millilitre (us milliliter).
milimtrico,-a adj pinpoint.
milmetro nm millimetre (us millim-
eter).
militante adj militant.
militar adj military.
P nm military man, soldier.
milla nf mile. c o m p milla nutica nauti-
cal mile.
millar nm thousand.
milln nm million.
millonario,-a nm & nf (hombre) million-
aire; (mujer) millionairess.
mimar vt (consentir) to spoil.
mimbre nm wicker.
mimetismo nm mimicry.
mmico,-a adj mimic.
mimo nm 1 (actor) mime artist. 2 (cario)
pampering. 3 (cuidado) care. l o c ha
cerle mimos a algn to pamper sb.
mimosa nf bot mimosa.
mimoso,-a adj (carioso) loving.
mina nf 1 mine. 2 (explosivo) mine. 3 (de
lpiz) lead. c o m p mina de carbn coal
mine.
minar vt (terreno) to mine.
minarete nm minaret.
mineral adj mineral. c o m p agua mine
ral mineral water.
P nm mineral.
minera nf (tcnica) mining.
minero,-a adj mining.
P nm & nf miner.
 241
miniatura nf miniature.
minifalda nf mini skirt.
minifundio nm smallholding.
minigolf nm crazy golf.
mnima nf (temperatura) minimum
temperature.
minimizar vt to minimize.
mnimo,-a adj minimum, lowest.
P nm mnimo minimum: pon el gas en el
mnimo turn the gas right down. l o c co
mo mnimo at least. c o m p mnimo
comn mltiplo lowest common
multiple.
minino nm fam pussy, kitty.
minio nm red lead, minium.
ministerio nm pol ministry, us de-
partment.
ministro,-a nm & nf pol minister, us
secretary. c o m p primer,-ra ministro,-a
prime minister.
minora nf minority.
minorista adj retail.
minoritario,-a adj minority.
minucia nf trifle.
minucioso,-a adj meticulous.
minscula nf (letra) small letter.
minsculo,-a adj (letra) small; (detalle)
insignificant.
minusvala nf handicap, disability.
minusvlido,-a adj disabled, handi-
capped.
P nm & nf disabled person.
minuta nf (factura) bill.
minutero nm minute hand.
minuto nm minute.
mo,-a adj my, of mine: es muy amiga
ma she's a good friend of mine.
P pron mine: este abrigo es mo this coat
is mine.
miocardio nm myocardium.
miope adj short-sighted, myopic.
P nm o nf short-sighted person.
miopa nf short-sightedness.
mira nf 1 (dispositivo) sight. 2 fig intention.
mirada nf (gen) look; (vistazo) glance.
l o c echar una mirada a algo /algn to
take a look at sth/sb.
mismo
mirador nm 1 (balcn) glassed-in bal-
cony. 2 (lugar) viewing point.
miramiento nm consideration.
mirar vt 1 (observar) to look at; (con aten-
cin) to watch. 2 (buscar) to look; (regis-
trar) to search: me miraron todo al pasar
por la aduana they went through every-
thing at customs. 3 (tener cuidado con) to
watch: mira bien lo que haces watch
what you do.
P vi 1 (gen) to look. 2 (buscar) to look:
mira debajo de la cama look under the
bed. 3 (tener cuidado) to mind, watch,
be careful: mira que no te engaen mind
they don't cheat you. l o c mira! look!
mirada nf myriad.
mirilla nf peephole, spyhole.
miripodo nm myriapod.
mirlo nm blackbird.
mirn,-ona nm & nf fam pey (curioso) no-
sy parker.
mirra nf myrrh.
mirto nm myrtle.
misa nf mass.
misal nm missal.
misntropo,-a nm & nf misanthrope,
misanthropist.
miscelnea nf miscellany.
M
miserable adj 1 (tacao) mean. 2 (mal-
vado) wretched.
P nm o nf 1 (malvado) wretch. 2 (tacao)
miser.
miseria nf (pobreza) extreme poverty.
misericordia nf mercy.
msero,-a adj miserable.
misil nm missile.
misin nf (tarea) mission, task.
misionero,-a nm & nf missionary.
mismo,-a adj 1 (idntico) same: el mismo
color the same colour. 2 (enftico) very:
en esta misma casa nac yo I was born in
this very house.
P pron same: es el mismo del ao pasado
it's the same one as last year.
P adv mismo same: piensa lo mismo que
tu he thinks the same as you. l o c es lo
mismo 1 (la misma cosa) it amounts to
the same thing. 2 (no importa) it
doesn't matter.
misgino 242
misgino,-a adj misogynous.
mster nm (en ftbol) manager, coach.
misterio nm mystery.
misterioso,-a adj mysterious.
mstica nf 1 (misticismo) mysticism. 2
(teologa) mystic theology.
misticismo nm mysticism.
mstico,-a adj mystic, mystical.
P nm & nf (persona) mystic.
mitad nf 1 half: me llevo la mitad I'll take
half. 2 (medio) middle: en mitad de la pla
za in the middle of the square.
mtico,-a adj mythical.
mitificar vt (convertir en mito) to mythi-
cize.
mitin nm meeting, rally.
mito nm myth.
mitologa nf mythology.
mitolgico,-a adj mythological.
mitosis nf inv mitosis.
mixto,-a adj mixed.
mobiliario nm furniture.
moca nf (caf) mocha.
mocasn nm moccasin.
mochila nf rucksack, backpack.
mochuelo nm zool little owl.
mocin nf motion.
moco nm 1 (mucosidad) mucus; (familiar-
mente) snot. l o c limpiarse los mocos
fam to blow one's nose.
mocoso,-a nm & nf fam brat.
moda nf fashion.
modales nm pl manners.
modalidad nf form, means, way.
modelado nm modelling (us mode-
ling).
modelar vt to model, shape.
modlico,-a adj model.
modelismo nm (de arcilla, etc) modelling.
modelo adj model.
P nm o nf (persona) (fashion) model.
mdem nm modem.
moderacin nf moderation.
moderado,-a adj moderate.
moderador,-ra nm & nf (de reunin)
chairperson.
moderar vt to moderate.
modernismo nm (arte, literatura) Mod-
ernism.
modernista adj Modernist.
P nm o nf Modernist.
modernizar vt to modernize.
moderno,-a adj modern.
modestia nf modesty.
modesto,-a adj modest.
modificar vt to alter, modify.
modista nm o nf (de ropa para mujer)
dressmaker.
modisto nm 1 (diseador) fashion de-
signer. 2 (sastre) tailor.
modo nm 1 way, manner. 2 ling
mood: el modo subjuntivo the subjunc-
tive mood. l o c de modo que so: de mo
do que ya lo sabes so now you know. y en
cierto modo in a way.
P nm pl modos manners. l o c de todos
modos anyhow, at any rate.
modorra nf fam drowsiness.
modular vt to modulate.
P adj modular.
mdulo nm 1 (gen) module. 2 (mueble)
unit.
mofa nf mockery, derision.
mofarse vpr to scoff, mock.
mofeta nf skunk.
moflete nm fam chubby cheek.
mogolln nm fam loads pl.
P adv fam a lot: nos gust mogolln it
was dead brilliant.
mohair nm mohair.
moho nm mould, (us mold).
mohoso,-a adj mouldy (us moldy).
mojado,-a adj (hmedo) wet, moist.
mojama nf dried salted tuna.
mojar vt 1 (gen) to wet. 2 (alimento) to dip
P vpr mojarse 1 to get wet. 2 fam (com-
prometerse) to commit os.
mojigato,-a adj (gazmoo) prudish.
mojn nm (poste - de distancia) milepost.
molar nm (diente) molar.
molde nm mould (us mold).
moldeable adj mouldable.
moldeado,-a adj moulded (us molded).
moldear vt arte (dar forma) to mould
(us mold).
 243
moldura nf moulding (us molding).
mole nf mass, bulk, hulk.
molcula nf molecule.
molecular adj molecular.
moler vt 1 (gen) to grind. 2 (cansar) to
wear out.
molestar vt 1 (interrumpir) to disturb. 2
(perturbar) to bother, upset: me moles
tan los ruidos noise bothers me. 3 (impor-
tunar) to pester: deja de molestarme ya!
stop pestering me! 4 (hacer dao - apretar)
to hurt: estos zapatos me molestan these
shoes hurt my feet.
P vpr molestarse to bother: perdone
que le moleste I'm sorry to bother you.
molestia nf 1 (incomodidad) bother, trou-
ble; (fastidio) nuisance. 2 med trouble.
molesto,-a adj 1 annoying. 2 (enfada-
do) annoyed.
molido,-a adj 1 (caf) ground. 2 fam
(cansado) worn-out. l o c estar molido,-a
fam to be worn-out.
molienda nf (de caf) grinding.
moliente l o c corriente y moliente run
of the mill, common or garden.
molinero,-a nm & nf miller.
molinillo nm grinder, mill.
molino nm mill. c o m p molino de viento
windmill.
molla nf (pulpa) flesh.
molleja nf (de ave) gizzard.
mollera nf fam (inteligencia) brains pl.
moln,-na adj argot cool, brill, fab.
molusco nm mollusc (us mollusk).
momentneo,-a adj momentary.
momento nm 1 moment. 2 (perodo)
time.
momia nf mummy.
momificacin nf mummification.
momificar vt to mummify.
monacal adj monastic.
monacato nm (institucin) monastic
community.
Mnaco nm Monaco.
monada nf (cosa bonita) beauty, lovely
thing; (persona) gorgeous person.
monaguillo nm altar boy.
monarca nm monarch.
monculo
monarqua nf monarchy.
monrquico,-a adj monarchic.
monasterio nm monastery.
monstico,-a adj monastic.
monda nf (piel) peel, skin.
mondadientes nm inv toothpick.
mondadura nf (piel - de fruta) peel.
mondar vt (pelar) to peel.
mondo,-a adj (limpio) bare.
mondongo nm innards pl.
moneda nf (pieza) coin.
monedero nm purse.
monegasco,-a adj Monegasque.
P nm & nf Monegasque.
monetario,-a adj monetary.
monetarismo nm monetarism.
monetarista adj monetarist.
monglico,-a adj a f f e c t e d b y
Down's syndrome.
P nm & nf person affected by Down's
syndrome.
mongolismo nm Down's syndrome,
mongolism.
monicaco nm fam dodgy geezer.
monigote nm 1 (figura) rag doll, paper
doll. 2 (dibujo) matchstick man.
monismo nm monism.
M
monista adj monistic.
monitor,-ra nm & nf (profesor) instructor.
P nm monitor (pantalla) screen.
monja nf nun.
monje nm monk.
mono,-a adj (bonito) nice, lovely, cute.
P nm & nf zool monkey.
P nm mono (prenda de trabajo) overalls pl.
monocarril nm monorail.
monocolor adj monochrome.
monocorde adj fig (montono) dull.
monocotilednea nf monocotyledon.
monocotiledneo,-a adj monocoty-
ledonous.
monocromtico,-a adj monochro-
matic.
monocroma nf monochrome.
monocromo,-a adj monochrome.
monocular adj monocular.
monculo nm monocle.
monocultivo
monocultivo nm monoculture.
mondico,-a adj monodic.
monofsico,-a adj single-phase.
monofona nm mono.
monofnico,-a adj mono.
monogamia nf monogamy.
mongamo,-a adj monogamous.
monografa nf monograph.
monogrfico,-a adj monographic.
monograma nm monogram.
monolinge adj monolingual.
monoltico,-a adj monolithic.
monolito nm monolith.
monologar vi to soliloquize.
monlogo nm (reflexin) monologue.
monomana nf 2 fam obsession.
monomanaco,-a adj med monoma-
niac.
monomio n mat monomial.
monoparental adj one-parent.
monopatn nm skateboard.
monoplano nm monoplane.
monoplaza adj single-seat.
monopolio nm monopoly.
monopolista adj monopolistic.
monopolizacin nf monopolization.
monopolizador,-ra adj monopolizing.
monopolizar vt to monopolize.
monorral nm monorail.
monosilbico,-a adj monosyllabic.
monoslabo,-a adj monosyllabic.
P nm monoslabo monosyllable.
monotesmo nm monotheism.
monotesta adj monotheistic.
P nm o nf monotheist.
monotona nf monotony.
montono,-a adj monotonous.
monovolumen nm people carrier.
monxido nm monoxide. c o m p mo
nxido de carbono carbon monoxide.
monseor nm Monsignor.
monserga nf fam (leccin) nagging.
monstruo adj fam fantastic, terrific.
P nm 1 monster. 2 fam (genio) genius.
monstruosidad nf (cosa) monstrosity.
monstruoso,-a adj monstrous.
244
monta nf 1 (importancia) value, account,
importance. 2 (de un caballo) riding.
montacargas nm service lift.
montador,-ra nm & nf (operario) fitter.
montadora nf splicing machine.
. Consulta tambin montador,-a.
montaje nm 1 (de piezas) assembly. 2
(en foto) montage. 3 fam (farsa) setup.
montante nm 1 (total) total, total
amount. 2 (pieza vertical) upright. 3
(ventana) skylight.
montaa nf mountain.
montaero,-a nm & nf mountaineer.
montas,-esa nm & nf highlander.
montaismo nm mountaineering.
montaoso,-a adj mountainous.
montaplatos nm inv dumb waiter.
montar vi 1 (subir - caballo, bicicleta) to
mount, get on; (- coche) to get in; (-
avin) to get on, board. 2 (ir en bicicleta)
to ride: sabes montar en bicicleta? can
you ride bicycle?
P vt 1 (subir - caballo) to mount, get on.
2 (subir - persona) to put on: mont al ni
o en la bicicleta I lifted the kid onto his
bike. 3 (ensamblar) to assemble, put
together; (tienda de campaa) to put
up. 4 (nata) to whip; (claras) to whisk.
P vpr montarse 1 (subirse) to get on; (- en
un coche) to get in; (- en un caballo)
to mount, get on. 2 fam (armarse) to
break out: se mont un buen jaleo there
was a real to-do.
montaraz adj (de montaa) mountain.
monte nm 1 mountain, mount. 2 (bos-
que) wild, woodland.
montenegrino,-a adj Montenegrin.
P nm & nf Montenegrin.
Montenegro nm Montenegro.
montepo nm friendly society.
montera nf bullfighter's hat.
montera nf (caza) hunt.
montero,-a nm & nf hunter.
monts adj wild.
montculo nm mound, hillock.
monto nm total, total amount.
montn nm 1 heap, pile. 2 fam (gran
cantidad) stacks pl, loads pl, heaps pl:
 245 mortadela
vino un montn de gente loads of people mordida nf fam (soborno) bribe.
came. mordiente nm mordant.
montura nf 2 (silla) saddle. 3 (armazn - mordisco nm bite.
de gafas) frame. mordisquear vt to nibble.
monumental adj monumental. morena nf (pez) moray eel.
monumento nm arte monument. moreno,-a adj 1 (pelo) dark. 2 (pan,
monzn nm monsoon. azcar) brown.
monznico,-a adj monsoon. P nm moreno suntan.
moa nf fam (borrachera) bender. morera nf white mulberry.
moo nm bun. moretn nm bruise.
moquear vi to have a runny nose. morfema nm morpheme.
moqueta nf fitted carpet. morfina nf morphine.
moquillo nm (de perro) distemper. morfinmano,-a nm & nf morphine
mora nf 1 (de moral) mulberry. 2 (zarza- addict.
mora) blackberry. morfologa nf morphology.
morada nf adobe, dwelling. morfolgico,-a adj morphological.
morado,-a adj (color) purple. morgantico,-a adj morganatic.
P nm morado (color) purple. morgue nf morgue.
morador,-ra nm & nf dweller. moribundo,-a adj moribund.
moral1 adj moral. morir vi (ser vivo) to die.
P nf 1 (reglas) morals pl. 2 (nimo) mo- P vpr morirse to die.
rale, spirits pl. mormn,-ona adj Mormon.
moral2 nm bot mulberry tree. P nm & nf Mormon.
moraleja nf moral. mormnico,-a adj Mormon.
moralidad nf morality. moro,-a adj Moorish.
moralina nf false morals pl. P nm & nf Moor.
moralista adj moralistic. morosidad nf 1 (tardanza) delay; (- en M
moralizador,-ra adj moralizing. un pago) arrears pl.
moralizar vi to moralize. moroso,-a adj fin (cliente) in arrears.
P vt to moralize. P nm & nf defaulter.

morar vi to reside, dwell. morral nm haversack.

moratn nm fam bruise. morralla nf 1 (pescado) small fish. 2 pey
moratoria nf moratorium. (gente) riffraff.
morbidez nf softness, tenderness. morrazo l o c pegarse un morrazo fam
morbo nm fam thrill. to give os a bash.
morbosidad nf (inters) morbid curios- morrena nf moraine.
ity. morria nf homesickness.
morboso,-a adj fam kinky. morrin nm helmet.
morcilla nf black pudding. morro nm 1 fam (de persona - boca) lips
mordaz adj mordant, sarcastic. pl, mouth; (cara) face. 2 fam (cara dura)
mordaza nf gag. cheek. 3 (de animal) snout, nose.
mordedura nf bite. morrocotudo,-a adj fam terrific.
morder vt to bite: le ha mordido mi perro morrn adj comp pimiento morrn
my dog's bitten him. sweet red pepper.
P vi to bite: ten cuidado que muerde be morrudo,-a adj fam thick-lipped.
careful, it bites. morsa nf walrus.
P vpr morderse to bite. l o c morderse la Morse nm Morse code.
lengua (callarse) to hold one's tongue. mortadela nf mortadella.
 mortaja
mortaja nf shroud.
mortal adj 1 (criatura, ser) mortal. 2 (peli-
gro, herida) fatal. 3 (aburrimiento, susto)
deadly.
P nm o nf mortal.
mortalidad nf mortality.
mortandad nf death toll.
mortecino,-a adj 1 (luz) faint, dull. 2
(color) lifeless, dull.
mortero nm mortar.
mortfero,-a adj deadly, lethal.
mortificacin nf mortification.
mortificante adj mortifying.
mortificar vt to mortify.
mortuorio,-a adj mortuary.
moruno,-a adj Moorish.
mosaico nm mosaic.
mosca nf fly.
moscada c o m p nuez moscada nut-
meg.
moscardn nm 1 blowfly. 2 (persona)
pest.
moscatel nm muscatel.
mosconear vt fam to pester.
P vi fam to be a pest, be a pain.
mosquear vt fam to annoy.
P vpr mosquearse fam (enfadarse) to get
cross.
mosquete nm musket.
mosquetero nm musketeer.
mosquetn nm 1 (arma) short car-
bine. 2 (cierre) snap link.
mosquitera nf mosquito net.
mosquitero nm mosquito net.
mosquito nm mosquito.
mostacera nf mustard pot.
mostacho nm moustache.
mostaza nf mustard.
mosto nm (zumo) grape juice.
mostrador nm (de tienda) counter.
mostrar vt to show.
P vpr mostrarse to appear.
mostrenco,-a adj (grande) mammoth.
mota nf (partcula) speck.
mote nm nickname.
moteado,-a adj dotted, speckled.
motear vt to fleck, speck.
246
motejar vt to nickname.
motel nm motel.
motilidad nf motility.
motn nm (levantamiento) riot, uprising.
motivacin nf motivation, motive.
motivar vt 1 (causar) to cause, give rise
to. 2 (estimular) to motivate.
motivo nm motive, reason, cause.
moto nf fam (motocicleta) motorbike.
motocarro nm three-wheeled van.
motocicleta nf motorcycle.
motociclismo nm motorcycling.
motociclista nm o nf motorcyclist.
motocross nm motocross.
motocultivo nm mechanised agricul-
ture.
motonutica nf speedboat racing.
motonutico,-a adj speedboat.
motor,-ra adj 1 motive. 2 biol motor:
funcin motora motor function.
P nm motor tc engine.
motora nf small motorboat.
motorismo nm motorcycling.
motorista nm o nf motorcyclist.
motorizado,-a adj motorized.
motorizar vt to motorize.
motosierra nf power saw.
motriz adj [slo se usa con monbres en fe-
menino] motive.
mousse nf culin mousse.
mouton nm (piel) sheepskin.
movedizo,-a adj (inestable) unstable.
mover vt 1 to move.
P vpr moverse 1 (gen) to move. 2 fam
(darse prisa) to get a move on.
movible adj movable.
movida nf fam (animacin) action.
movido,-a adj 1 (da, temporada) busy. 2
(fiesta, concurso) lively. 3 (foto) blurred.
mvil adj movable, mobile.
P nm 1 fs moving body. 2 (motivo)
motive. 3 (decoracin, juguete) mobile. 4
(telfono) mobile (phone), cell phone.
movilidad nf mobility.
movilizacin nf mobilization.
movilizar vt to mobilize.
movimiento nm 1 (gen) movement;
(tcnicamente) motion. 2 (de gente, ideas)
 247
activity. 3 (artstico, poltico) move-
ment.
moviola nf (mquina) Moviola.
moza nf (chica) lass.
Mozambique nm Mozambique.
mozambiqueo,-a adj Mozam-
biquean.
P nm & nf Mozambiquean.
mozrabe adj Mozarab.
P nm o nf Mozarab.
mozo,-a adj young.
P nm mozo 1 (joven) young man, lad. 2
(camarero) waiter. 3 (de estacin) porter.
MP3 abrev (Moving Pictures Experts
Group Audio Layer 3) MP3.
mu interj (mugido) moo.
muar nm moir.
muchacho,-a nm & nf (chico) boy; (chica)
girl.
muchedumbre nf (de personas) crowd.
mucho,-a adj 1 (singular - en afirmativas) a
lot of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot
of, much: hicieron mucho ruido they
made a lot of noise; no tiene mucho dine
ro he hasn't got a lot of/much money. 2
(plural - en afirmativas) a lot of, lots of;
(- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of,
many: tienes muchos libros? have you
got a lot of/many books? 3 (demasiado -
singular) too much; (- plural) too
many.
P pron (singular) a lot, much; (plural) a
lot, many: muchos de sus amigos acudie
ron many of his friends came.
P adv 1 (de cantidad) a lot, much: mucho
mejor/peor much better/worse. 2 (de
tiempo): mucho antes/despus much earli-
er/later. 3 (de frecuencia) often: no vienen
mucho por aqu they don't come here of-
ten. l o c como mucho at the most: te
pagarn como mucho treinta euros they'll
pay you thirty euros at the most.
mucosa nf mucous membrane.
mucosidad nf mucus.
mucoso,-a adj mucous.
muda nf (de ropa) change of clothes.
mudable adj 1 changeable. 2 (carcter)
fickle.
mudanza nf (de residencia) moving.
muleta
mudar vt 1 to change, alter. 2 (plumas)
to moult (us molt). 3 (voz) to break: le
est mudando la voz his voice is breaking.
4 (piel) to shed.
P vpr mudarse 1 to change. 2 (de resi-
dencia) to move.
mudez nf dumbness, muteness.
mudo,-a adj 1 (por defecto) dumb; (por
voluntad) silent, quiet. 2 (vocal, conso-
nante) mute.
mueble nm piece of furniture.
P nm pl muebles furniture sing.
mueca nf 1 (de burla) mocking gesture,
face. 2 (de dolor) grimace.
muela nf (diente) tooth, molar.
muelle nm 1 (elstico) spring. 2 mar
dock, wharf; (malecn) pier, jetty.
murdago nm mistletoe.
muerdo nm fam bite.
muermo nm fam drag, pain, bore.
muerte nf 1 death. 2 (asesinato) mur-
der.
muerto,-a adj 1 (sin vida) dead; (sin acti-
vidad) lifeless. 2 fam (cansado) tired.
P nm & nf dead person.
muesca nf (corte) nick, notch.
muesli nm muesli. M
muestra nf 1(ejemplar) sample. 2 (mode-
lo) pattern. 3 (seal) proof, sign: daba
muestras de alegra she looked happy.
4 (exposicin) show, display.
muestrario nm collection of samples.
muestreo nm (gen) sampling.
mugido nm (de vaca - uno) moo.
mugir vi (vaca) to moo.
mugre nf grime, filth.
mugriento,-a adj grimy, filthy.
muguete nm lily of the valley.
mujer nf 1 woman. 2 (esposa) wife.
mujeriego,-a adj pey fond of the la-
dies.
mujerona nf fam big woman.
mjol nm grey mullet.
muladar nm dump.
mulato,-a adj mulatto.
P nm & nf mulatto.
mulero nm muleteer.
muleta nf (para andar) crutch.
muletilla
muletilla nf 1 (bastn) cross-handled
cane. 2 (frase repetida) pet phrase.
muletn nm flannelette.
mullido,-a adj soft, springy.
mullir vt (lana) to soften; (almohada, col-
chn) to fluff up.
mulo,-a nm & nf (macho) mule; (hembra)
she-mule. l o c ser ms terco,-a que una
mula to be as stubborn as a mule.
multa nf (gen) fine; (de trfico) ticket.
multar vt to fine: cunto te multaron?
how much did they fine you?
multiacceso nm multiaccess.
multicines nm pl multiplex sing.
multicolor adj multicoloured.
multicopiar vt to duplicate.
multicopista nf duplicator.
multicultural adj multicultural.
multidimensional adj multidimen-
sional.
multidireccional adj multidirectional.
multidisciplinar adj multidisciplinary.
multifactico,-a adj multifaceted.
multiforme adj multiform.
multigrado adj multigrade.
multilateral adj multilateral.
multimedia adj multimedia.
multimillonario,-a adj (de libras) mul-
timillion-pound; (de dlares) multi-
million-dollar: un contrato multimillo
nario a multimillion-dollar contract.
P nm & nf multimillionaire.
multinacional adj multinational.
P nf multinational.
multpara nf multiparous.
mltiple adj 1 multiple. 2 (muchos)
many, a number of, numerous: opi
niones mltiples a number of opinions.
multiplicable adj multipliable.
multiplicacin nf multiplication.
multiplicador,-ra adj multiplying.
P nm multiplicador multiplier.
multiplicar vt to multiply (por, by).
multiplicidad nf multiplicity.
mltiplo adj multiple.
P nm multiple.
multipropiedad nf time-share.
multirracial adj multiracial.
248
multirriesgo adj fully comprehen-
sive.
multitud nf 1 (de personas) crowd. 2 (de
cosas, ideas) multitude.
multitudinario,-a adj multitudi-
nous.
multiuso adj multipurpose.
mundanal adj of the world, mun-
dane. l o c huir del mundanal ruido to
get away from it all.
mundano,-a adj of the world.
mundial adj worldwide, world.
P nm world championship. l o c de
fama mundial world-famous. c o m p
mundial de ftbol World Cup.
mundialmente adv worldwide. l o c
mundialmente conocido,-a world-fa-
mous.
mundillo nm world, circles pl: el mun
dillo teatral theatrical circles.
mundo nm world: ha dado la vuelta al
mundo dos veces he's been around the
world twice; vive aislado en su propio mun
do he's isolated himself in his own little
world; el mundo del cine the cinema, the
world of cinema. l o c no ser nada del
otro mundo to be nothing to write
home about. y por nada del mundo not
for all the world. y tener mundo to
know the ways of the world. y venir
al mundo to come into the world. y el
fin del mundo the end of the world.
c o m p el Nuevo Mundo the New World.
y el Tercer Mundo the Third World.
mundologa nf fam worldliness.
municin nf ammunition.
municipal adj (gobierno) town, munici-
pal; (instalaciones) council.
P nf pl las municipales local elections.
municipio nm 1 municipality. 2 (ayun-
tamiento) town council.
mueca nf 1 anat wrist. 2 (juguete)
doll. c o m p mueca de trapo rag doll.
mueco nm (juguete) doll. c o m p mueco
de nieve snowman.
muequera nf wristband.
muir vt (amaar) to fix.
mun nm anat stump.
mural adj mural.
 249
P nm mural.
muralla nf city wall.
murcilago nm bat.
murga nf fam nuisance.
murmullante adj babbling.
murmullo nm (susurro) whisper, whis-
pering; (voz baja) murmur, murmuring.
murmuracin nf gossip, backbiting.
murmurador,-ra adj gossipy.
P nm & nf gossip.
murmurar vt (susurrar) to murmur,
whisper.
P vi 1 (criticar) to gossip. 2 (decir en voz
baja) to murmur.
muro nm wall.
murria nf sadness, melancholy.
mus nm (juego de cartas)card game in
which players use signs to commu-
nicate.
musa nf muse.
P nf pl las musas the Arts.
musaraa nf zool shrew. l o c estar
pensando en las musaraas to day-
dream.
musculacin nf body-building.
muscular adj muscular.
musculatura nf muscles pl.
msculo nm muscle.
musculoso,-a adj muscular.
muselina nf muslin.
museo nm museum. c o m p museo
de arte art museum.
musgo nm moss. l o c cubierto,-a de
musgo mossy, moss-covered.
musgoso,-a adj mossy.
msica nf music. c o m p msica de fondo
background music. y msica clsica
classical music.
musical adj musical.
P nm musical.
musicalidad nf musicality.
musicalizar vt to write the music for,
set to music.
muy
msico,-a nm & nf musician.
musicologa nf musicology.
musiclogo,-a nm & nf musicologist.
musiquilla nf fam pey tacky music.
musitar vi (susurrar) to whisper.
muslo nm 1 thigh. 2 culin (de ave)
drumstick.
mustiarse vi to wilt, wither.
mustio,-a adj 1 (plantas) withered,
faded. 2 (persona) down, downcast.
musulmn,-ana adj Muslim.
P nm & nf Muslim.
mutabilidad nf changeability.
mutable adj mutable.
mutacin nf 1 change. 2 biol muta-
tion.
mutante adj mutant.
P nm o nf mutant.
mutilacin nf mutilation.
mutilado,-a adj (persona) disabled.
P nm & nf cripple.
mutilar vt to cripple.
mutis nm teat exit.
mutismo nm silence.
mutual nf mutual benefit society.
c o m p mutual de seguros mutual in-
M
surance company.
mutualidad nf (asociacin) mutual ben-
efit society.
mutualista nm o nf (afiliado) member of
a mutual benefit society.
mutuamente adv mutually: se quieren
mutuamente they love each other.
mutuo,-a adj mutual, reciprocal: por
mutuo acuerdo by mutual agreement.
muy adv very: es muy difcil it's very dif-
ficult; se levant muy temprano he got up
very early; lo has hecho muy bien you've
done it very well. l o c muy de maana
very early in the morning. y por muy
que however: por muy tarde que sea
however late it is.
 N
250
N, n nf (la letra) N, n.
N sm (norte) north; (smbolo) N.
nabo nm (planta) turnip.
ncar nm mother-of-pearl.
nacarado,-a adj nacred.
nacer vi 1 (persona) to be born; (ave) to
hatch out; (semilla, planta) to sprout. 2
(ro) to rise; (agua) to spring; (camino)
to start, begin. 3 (sol) to rise. l o c al
nacer at birth.
nacido,-a adj born. l o c bien nacido,-a
(de buen corazn) kind-hearted. y mal
nacido,-a despicable.
naciente adj 1 (nuevo) new. 2 (creciente)
growing.
P nm (este) East.
nacimiento nm 1 birth. 2 fig origin,
beginning. l o c de nacimiento from
birth.
nacin nf nation. c o m p Naciones Uni
das United Nations.
nacional adj national.
nacionalidad nf nationality.
nacionalismo nm nationalism.
nacionalista adj nationalist.
P nm o nf nationalist.
nacionalizacin nf naturalization.
nacionalizar vt 1 (persona) to natural-
ize. 2 (empresa) to nationalize.
P vpr nacionalizarse (persona) to be-
come naturalized: nacionalizarse espa
ol/britnico/etc to take up Spanish/Brit-
ish/etc citizenship.
nada pron nothing: no quiero nada I don't
want anything.
P adv (not) at all: no me gusta nada
I don't like it at all.
P nf nothingness. l o c de nada 1 (no
hay de qu) don't mention it, think
nothing of it, (us you're welcome).
2 (insignificante) insignificant: gracias,
de nada thanks, don't mention it. y na
da ms as soon as, no sooner
nadador,-ra nm & nf swimmer.
nadar vi to swim.
nadera nf trifle.
nadie pron nobody, not anybody:
aqu no hay nadie there's nobody here.
nado l o c a nado swimming: cruzaron
el ro a nado they swam across the river.
nafta nf naphtha.
naftalina nf naphthalene. c o m p bola
de naftalina mothball.
naif adj naf, naive.
P nm naf art.
nailon nm nylon.
naipe nm playing card.
nalga nf buttock.
Namibia nf Namibia.
namibio,-a adj Namibian.
P nm & nf Namibian.
nana nf lullaby.
naranja nf (fruto) orange.
P adj (color) orange.
naranjada nf orangeade, orange drink.
naranjal nm orange grove.
naranjo nm orange tree.
narcisismo nm narcissism.
narcisista adj narcissistic.
P nm o nf narcissist.
narciso nm 1 (flor) daffodil, narcissus.
2 (hombre) narcissist.
narctico,-a adj narcotic.
P nm narctico (medicamento) narcotic;
(droga) drug.
narcotraficante adj drug trafficking.
P nm o nf drug trafficker.
 251
narcotrfico nm drug trafficking.
nardo nm nard, spikenard.
narign,-ona adj fam big-nosed.
nariz nf 1 anat nose. 2 fig (sentido) sense
of smell. l o c meter las narices en algo
to poke one's nose into sth.
P interj narices! fam not on your life!
narracin nf (historia) story.
narrador,-ra nm & nf storyteller.
narrar vt (gen) to tell, relate, narrate.
narrativa nf (gnero) fiction.
narval nm narwhal.
nasa nf (aparejo) keepnet; (cesta) creel.
nasal adj nasal.
P nf (letra) nasal.
nata nf 1 cream. 2 (de leche hervida) skin.
c o m p nata montada whipped cream.
natacin nf swimming.
natal adj native. c o m p ciudad natal
home town: y pas natal native coun-
try.
natalicio nm birthday.
natalidad nf birth rate.
natillas nf pl custard sing.
natividad nf nativity.
nativo,-a adj native.
nato,-a adj born.
natural adj 1 (no artificial) natural. 2 (fru-
ta, flor) fresh. l o c al natural culin in its
own juice.
P nm (nativo) native, inhabitant. l o c
ser natural de to be a native of, come
from.
naturaleza nf 1 nature. 2 (complexin)
physical constitution.
naturalidad nf 1 (sencillez) natural-
ness. 2 (espontaneidad) ease, sponta-
neity.
naturalismo nm naturalism.
naturalista adj naturalist.
P nm o nf naturalist.
naturalizar vt to naturalize.
P vpr naturalizarse to become natu-
ralized: se ha naturalizado espaol he has
taken up Spanish citizenship.
naturista adj naturist.
P nm o nf naturist.
naturopata nf naturopathy.
ncora
naufragar vi 1 (barco) to sink, be
wrecked; (persona) to be ship-
wrecked. 2 fig to fail.
naufragio nm shipwreck.
nufrago,-a adj shipwrecked.
P nm & nf shipwrecked person.
Nauru nm Nauru.
nauruano,-a adj Nauruan.
P nm & nf Nauruan.
nusea [tambin se usa en plural con el
mismo significado] nf nausea, sickness.
nauseabundo,-a adj nauseating.
nutica nf navigation, seamanship.
nutico,-a adj nautical. c o m p deportes
nuticos water sports.
navaja nf (cuchillo) penknife.
naval adj naval.
nave nf 1 (nutica) ship, vessel. 2 (espa-
cial) spaceship, spacecraft. 3 (almacn)
industrial warehouse.
navegable adj (ro) navigable.
navegacin nf (arte) navigation.
navegador nm (de internet) browser.
navegante nm o nf navigator.
navegar vi 1 (barco) to sail. 2 (avin) to fly.
Navidad nf Christmas. l o c felicitar las
Navidades a algn to wish sb a merry
Christmas.
navideo,-a adj Christmas.
naviera nf (empresa) shipping company.
N
navo nm vessel, ship.
Neanderthal adj Neanderthal.
neblina nf mist.
neblinoso,-a adj misty.
nebulizador nm nebulizer.
nebulosa nf nebula.
nebulosidad nf nebulosity.
nebuloso,-a adj cloudy, hazy.
necedad nf (ignorancia) stupidity.
necesario,-a adj necessary.
neceser nm (bolsa de aseo) toilet bag.
necesidad nf 1 necessity, need. 2 (po-
breza) poverty, want. l o c pasar nece
sidades to be in need.
necesitado,-a adj needy, poor.
necesitar vt to need.
necio,-a adj stupid.
ncora nf fiddler crab.
necrologa
necrologa nf (biografa) obituary.
necrolgico,-a adj obituary.
P nf pl necrolgicas (seccin prensa) obit-
uaries pl.
necrpolis nf inv necropolis.
necrosis nf inv necrosis.
nctar nm nectar.
nectarina nf nectarine.
neerlands,-esa adj Dutch.
P nm & nf 1 (persona - hombre) Dutch-
man; (- mujer) Dutch woman. 2 (idio-
ma) Dutch.
nefasto,-a adj unlucky, ill-fated.
nefrtico,-a adj nephritic. c o m p clico
nefrtico nephrocolic.
negacin nf 1 (de un derecho) negation.
2 refusal. 3 (en gramtica) negative.
negado,-a adj (inepto) hopeless.
negar vt 1 (rechazar) to deny. 2 (no conce-
der) to refuse.
P vpr negarse to refuse (a, to): se neg
a devolverme el dinero he refused to give
me my money back.
negativa nf (rechazo) refusal.
negativo,-a adj negative.
P nm negativo (en fotografa) negative.
negligencia nf negligence.
negligente adj negligent.
P nm o nf negligent person.
negociable adj negotiable.
negociacin nf negotiation.
negociado nm (seccin) department.
negociador,-ra adj negotiating.
P nm & nf negotiator.
negociante nm o nf dealer, merchant.
negociar vi (comerciar) to do business,
deal (con, in).
P vt pol to negotiate.
negocio nm 1 (actividad) business. 2
(gestin) deal, transaction.
negra nf ms crotchet, us quarter note.
negro,-a adj 1 (gen) black. 2 (cine, nove-
la) detective.
P nm & nf (hombre) black (man); (mujer)
black (woman).
P nm negro (color) black.
negrura nf blackness.
negruzco,-a adj blackish.
252
nene,-a nm & nf baby.
nenfar nm water lily.
neoclasicismo nm neoclassicism.
neoclsico,-a adj neoclassical.
neocolonialismo nm neocolonialism.
nefito,-a nm & nf neophyte.
neoltico,-a adj neolithic.
P nm neoltico Neolithic.
neologismo nm neologism.
nen nm neon.
neonatal adj neonatal.
neorrealismo nm neorealism.
neozelands,-esa adj of New Zea-
land, from New Zealand.
P nm & nf New Zealander.
Nepal nm Nepal.
nepals,-esa adj Nepalese, Nepali.
P nm & nf (persona) Nepalese, Nepali.
P nm nepals (idioma) Nepalese, Nepali.
nepotismo nm nepotism.
nereida nf nereid.
nervadura nf bot nervures pl.
nervio nm anat nerve.
P nm pl nervios nerves. l o c tener los
nervios de punta to be on edge.
nerviosismo nm nervousness.
nervioso,-a adj (gen) nervous. l o c po
nerse nervioso,-a to get nervous.
neto,-a adj (peso, cantidad) net.
neumtico,-a nm tyre (us tire).
neumona nf pneumonia.
neura nf fam obsession.
neurlgico,-a adj fig (fundamental) key.
neurocirujano,-a nm & nf neurosurgeon.
neurologa nf neurology.
neurlogo,-a nm & nf neurologist.
neurona nf neuron, neurone.
neurosis nf inv neurosis.
neurtico,-a adj neurotic.
P nm & nf neurotic.
neutral adj neutral.
neutralidad nf neutrality.
neutralizar vt to neutralize.
neutro,-a adj 1 neutral. 2 ling neuter.
P nm neutro neuter.
neutrn nm neutron.
nevada nf snowfall.

nevado,-a adj covered with snow.
nevar vi [se usa slo en tercera persona; no
lleva sujeto] to snow.
nevera nf (elctrica) fridge, refrigerator.
nevero nm ice field.
newton nm newton.
nexo nm 1 link. 2 ling connective.
ni conj 1 neither, nor. 2 not even.
Nicaragua nf Nicaragua.
nicaragense adj Nicaraguan.
P nm o nf Nicaraguan.
nicho nm niche.
nicotina nf nicotine.
nidada nf (polluelos) brood.
nidificar vi to nest.
nido nm nest.
niebla nf 1 (nubes) fog. 2 fig mist.
nieto,-a nm & nf grandchild; (nio)
grandson; (nia) granddaughter.
nieve nf snow.
Nigeria nf Nigeria.
nigeriano,-a adj Nigerian.
P nm & nf Nigerian.
nigromancia nf necromancy.
nihilismo nm nihilism.
nihilista adj nihilistic.
niln nm nylon.
nimbo nm nimbus.
nimiedad nf (cosa nimia) trifle.
nimio,-a adj insignificant, trivial.
ninfa nf nymph.
ningn adj [se usa ante un nombre mascu-
lino en singular] ninguno,-a.
ninguno,-a adj no, not any.
P pron 1 (persona) nobody, no one. 2
(objeto) not any, none: ninguno me gusta
I don't like any of them.
. Consulta tambin ningn.
niato,-a nm & nf fam brat.
253 nogalina
nquel nm nickel.
niquelado,-a adj nickel-plated.
niquelar vt to nickel.
niqui nm T-shirt.
nirvana nm nirvana.
nscalo nm milk cap.
nspero nm (fruto) medlar.
nitidez nf (transparencia) clearness.
ntido,-a adj (claro) accurate.
nitrato nm nitrate.
ntrico,-a adj nitric.
nitrito nm nitrite.
nitrgeno nm nitrogen.
nitroglicerina nf nitroglycerine.
nitroso,-a adj nitrous.
nivel nm 1 (altura) level. 2 (categora)
standard. comp nivel del mar sea level.
nivelacin nf (de un terreno) levelling.
nivelado,-a adj level.
nivelar vt (gen) to level out, level off.
nveo,-a adj lit snow-white.
no adv no, not.
P nm no: un no rotundo a definite no.
nobel nm Nobel prize.
nobiliario,-a adj noble.
noble adj (gen) noble; (madera) fine.
P nm o nf noble.
nobleza nf 1 honesty. 2 nobility.
noche nf night. l o c buenas noches 1
N
(saludo) good evening. 2 (despedida)
good night. y por la noche at night,
after dark.
Nochebuena nf Christmas Eve.
Nochevieja nf New Year's Eve.
nocin nf notion, idea.
nocividad nf noxiousness.
nocivo,-a adj noxious, harmful.
noctmbulo,-a adj nocturnal.
P nm & nf fam (trasnochador) night owl.

niera nf nanny. nocturno,-a adj (gen) nocturnal; (vida)

niera nf (chiquillada) childishness. night; (clase) evening.
niez nf (de una persona) childhood. nodo nm node.
nio,-a nm & nf 1 (gen) child; (chico) nodriza nf wet nurse.
boy, little boy; (chica) girl, little girl. nodular adj nodular, nodulated.
P nm pl nios children, kids. ndulo nm nodule.
nipn,-ona adj Nipponese. nogal nm walnut tree.
P nm & nf Nipponese. nogalina nf walnut dye.
nmada
nmada adj nomadic.
P nm o nf nomad.
nomadismo nm nomadism.
nombrado,-a adj well-known.
nombramiento nm appointment.
nombrar vt to name.
nombre nm 1 name. 2 ling noun.
nomenclatura nf nomenclature.
nomeolvides nm inv (flor) forget-me-not.
nmina nf pay cheque (us check).
nominacin nf nomination.
nominal adj nominal.
nominalismo nm nominalism.
nominalista adj nominalist.
nominalizar vt to substantivize.
nominalmente adv nominally.
nominar vt to nominate.
nominativo,-a adj 1 (cheque) personal.
2 ling nominative.
non nm odd number.
nonagenario,-a nm & nf nonagenarian.
nonagsimo,-a nm & nf ninetieth.
P adj ninetieth.
nones interj no way!
noquear vt to knock out.
norcoreano,-a adj North Korean.
P nm & nf North Korean.
nordeste nm northeast.
nrdico,-a adj 1 (del norte) northern. 2
(de los pases del norte) Nordic.
P nm & nf (persona) Scandinavian.
noreste nm nordeste.
noria nf 1 (para agua) water wheel.
2 (de feria) big wheel.
norma nf norm, rule.
normal adj (habitual) normal, usualy.
P nf (gasolina) two-star petrol.
normalidad nf normality.
normalizacin nf normalization.
normalizar vt to normalize.
normativa nf rules pl, regulations pl.
normativo,-a adj normative.
noroeste nm northwest.
norte nm north.
Norteamrica nf North America.
norteamericano,-a adj North Amer-
ican.
P nm & nf North American.
254
Noruega nf Norway.
noruego,-a adj Norwegian.
P nm& nf (persona) Norwegian.
P nmnoruego (idioma) Norwegian.
nos pron 1 (complemento) us: nos dijo que
no nos moviramos he told us not to
move. 2 (uso reflexivo) ourselves: nos la
vamos we wash ourselves. 3 (uso recpro-
co) each other: nos vemos mucho we see
each other often.
nosotros,-as pron 1 (sujeto) we: nosotros
no fuimos we didn't go. 2 (complemento)
us: con nosotros,-as with us.
nostalgia nf homesickness.
nostlgico,-a adj nostalgic.
nota nf 1 (anotacin) note. 2 (calificacin)
mark, grade. 3 ms note.
notable adj considerable, remarkable.
notacin nf notation.
notar vt 1 (percibir) to notice. 2 (sentir) to
feel: noto un poco de calor I feel a bit hot.
P vpr notarse 1 (percibirse) to show:
apenas se le nota la cicatriz you can hardly
see his scar. 2 (sentirse) to feel.
notario,-a nm & nf notary public.
noticia nf (informacin) news pl.
P nf pl las noticias the news.
noticiario nm news.
noticin nm fam bombshell.
notificacin nf notification.
notificar vt to notify, inform.
notoriedad nf (fama) fame, prestige.
notorio,-a adj well-known.
novatada nf (broma) practical joke.
novato,-a nm & nf (principiante) beginner.
novecientos,-as adj nine hundred;
(ordinal) nine-hundredth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
novedad nf 1 (cualidad) newness. 2
(cambio) change, innovation.
novedoso,-a adj novel.
novel adj (escritor, escultor) novice.
novela nf novel.
novelar vt to novelize.
novelesco,-a adj (de novela) fiction-like.
novelista nm o nf novelist.
novena nf rel novena.
 255 nutritivo
noveno,-a adj ninth. numeracin nf 1 (proceso) numbering.
P nm & nf ninth. 2 (conjunto) numbers pl . 3 (sistema)
. Consulta tambin sexto. numbers pl, numerals pl.
numerador nm numerator.
noventa adj ninety. numeral adj numeral.
P nm ninety. P nm numeral.
. Consulta tambin sesenta. numerar vt to number.
novia nf (amiga) girlfriend. numrico,-a adj numerical.
noviazgo nm engagement. nmero nm 1 (gen) number. 2 (de una
novicio,-a nm & nf rel novice. publicacin) number, issue. 3 (de zapa-
noviembre nm November. tos) size: qu nmero calzas? what's
your shoe size?, what size shoe do you
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
take? 4 (de un espectculo) act. 5 (de lote-
novillada nf bullfight with young ra) lottery ticket number. 7 ling
bulls. number. c o m p nmero impar odd
novillero,-a nm & nf novice bullfighter. number. y nmero ordinal ordinal
novillo nm young bull. number. y nmero par even number.
novio nm boyfriend. y nmero primo prime number. y n
nubarrn nm storm cloud. mero quebrado fraction. y nmero ro
nube nf cloud. mano Roman numeral.
nbil adj nubile. numeroso,-a adj numerous: son fami
nublado,-a adj cloudy, overcast. lia numerosa they're a large family.
P nm nublado storm cloud. numismtica nf numismatics.
nubosidad nf cloudiness. numismtico,-a adj numismatic.
nuboso,-a adj cloudy. nunca adv 1 never. 2 (en interrogativa)
nuca nf nape (of the neck). ever. l o c ms que nunca more than
nuclear adj nuclear. ever. y nunca ms never again. y
ncleo nm nucleus. nupcial adj (marcha, tarta) wedding; (mi-
nudillo nm knuckle. sa) nuptial; (lecho) marriage.
nupcias nf pl fml wedding sing, nuptials.
N
nudismo nm nudism.
nudo nm knot. nurse nf nanny.
nudoso,-a adj (madera) knotty. nutria nf otter.
nuera nf daughter-in-law. nutricin nf nutrition.
nuestro,-a adj our, of ours. nutrido,-a adj (alimentado) nourished.
P pron ours. nutriente adj nutrient.
nueva nf tidings pl, news sing. P nm nutrient.

nueve adj nine; (noveno) ninth. nutrir vt 1 (alimentar) to feed, nourish.

P nm nine. 2 fig to encourage. 3 (abastecer) to
. Consulta tambin seis.
supply (de, with).
P vpr nutrirse 1 (alimentarse) to receive
nuevo,-a adj new. l o c de nuevo again. nourishment (de, from). 2 fig (abaste-
nuez nf bot walnut. cerse) to draw (de, on).
nulidad nf 1 (ineptitud) incompetence. nutritivo,-a adj nutritious, nourish-
2 jur nullity. ing. c o m p sustancia nutritiva nutrient.
nulo,-a adj (sin valor) invalid. y valor nutritivo nutritional value.

256

, nf the fifteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet.
and nm am rhea.
oera nf (tontera) inanity, non-
sense.
oo ,-a adj 1 (soso) insipid, dull. 2 (tmido)
shy. 3 (remilgado) fussy. 4 (poco seguro)
wet, drippy, wimpish: no seas oo, no es
ms que un rasguo dont be such a wimp,
its no more than a scratch. 5 am old.
oqui nm gnocchi pl.
ora nf type of red pepper.
u nm gnu.

257
O, o nf (la letra) O, o.
o conj 1 or: t o caf? tea or coffee? 2 (con-
cesiva) whether or: estudie o no, tiene
que aprobar whether he studies or not,
he has to pass.
O sm (oeste) west; (smbolo) W.
oasis nm inv oasis.
obcecado,-a adj blind.
obcecar vt to blind.
P vpr obcecarse to be obstinate.
obedecer vt (regla, ley) to obey.
P vi (persona) to obey.
obediencia nf obedience.
obediente adj obedient.
obertura nf ms overture.
obesidad nf obesity.
obeso,-a adj obese.
obispo nm bishop.
objecin nf objection.
objetar vt to object.
objetividad nf objectivity.
objetivo,-a adj objective.
P nm objetivo 1 (fin) aim, objective. 2
(lente) lens.
objeto nm 1 (cosa) object. 2 (fin) aim,
purpose, object.
objetor,-ra adj objecting, dissenting.
P nm & nf objector.
oblea nf wafer.
oblicuo,-a adj oblique.
obligacin nf (deber) duty, obligation.
obligado,-a adj (forzoso) required.
obligar vt to force, make.
P vpr obligarse to undertake, promise.
obligatorio,-a adj compulsory.
obnubilar vt (fascinar) to fascinate.
oboe nm oboe.
O
obra nf 1 (trabajo) work. 2 (construccin)
building site. c o m p obra de teatro play.
P nf pl obras (en casa) repairs.
obrar vi (proceder) to act, behave.
obrero,-a adj working.
P nm & nf worker, labourer.
obscenidad nf obscenity.
obsceno,-a adj obscene.
obscurantismo nm obscurantism.
obscurantista adj obscurantist.
obscurecer vt to darken.
P vpr obscurecerse (da) to get cloudy.
obscuridad nf darkness.
obscuro,-a adj 1 (cielo, color) dark. 2
(idea, razonamiento) obscure.
obsequiar vt (regalar) to give, offer.
obsequio nm gift, present.
observacin nf (accin) observation.
observador,-ra adj observant.
P nm & nf observer.
observar vt 1 (mirar) to observe, watch.
2 (notar) to notice.
observatorio nm observatory.
obsesin nf obsession.
obsesionar vt to obsess.
P vpr obsesionarse to get obsessed.
obseso,-a nm & nf maniac.
P adj obsessed.
obsidiana nf obsidian.
obsoleto,-a adj obsolete.
obstculo nm (inconveniente) objection.
obstante adv no obstante neverthe-
less, however.
obstetricia nf obstetrics.
obstinado,-a adj obstinate.
obstinarse vpr to persist (en, in), in-
sist (en, on).
obstruccin nf obstruction.
obstruir
obstruir vt to obstruct, block.
obstruirse to get blocked up.
P vpr
obtener vt (beca, resultados) to get, ob-
tain; (premio) to win.
obturador nm shutter.
obtuso,-a adj obtuse.
obviar vt fml to obviate, remove.
obvio,-a adj obvious.
oca nf goose.
ocasin nf (oportunidad) opportunity.
ocasional adj (gen) occasional.
ocasionar vt (causar) to cause.
ocaso nm (anochecer) sunset.
occidental adj western, occidental.
occidente nm the West.
Oceana nf Oceania.
ocano nm ocean.
. En poesa tambin se escribe oceano.
oceanografa nf oceanography.
ochenta adj eighty; (octagsimo) eighti-
eth.
P nm eighty.
. Consulta tambin sesenta.
ocho adj eight; (octavo) eighth.
P nm eight.
. Consulta tambin seis.
ochocientos,-as adj eight hundred;
(ordinal) eight hundredth.
P nm & nf eight hundred.
ocio nm (tiempo libre) leisure.
ocioso,-a adj (desocupado) idle.
ocre adj ochre.
octagonal adj octagonal.
octgono,-a nm octagon.
octano nm octane.
octava nf (en msica) octave.
octavilla nf (impreso) pamphlet.
octavo,-a adj eighth: lleg en octavo lu
gar he came eighth.
P nm & nf eighth: era la octava en la lista
she was the eighth on the list.
P nm octavo (parte) eighth.
. Consulta tambin sexto.
octeto nm octet.
octogsimo,-a adj eightieth.
258
octogonal adj octagonal.
octgono nm octagon.
octoslabo,-a adj octosyllabic.
P nm octoslabo octosyllable.
octubre nm October.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
ocular adj eye, ocular.
oculista nm o nf eye specialist.
ocultar vt (gen) to hide, conceal.
oculto,-a adj (escondido) hidden.
ocupacin nf (empleo) occupation,
employment.
ocupado,-a adj 1 (persona) busy. 2
(asiento) taken; (telfono) engaged.
ocupante nm o nf occupant.
ocupar vt 1 to occupy, take. 2 (llenar) to
take up. 3 (habitar) occupy. 4 (estar - en
un cargo) to hold, fill.
P vpr ocuparse de to take care of.
ocurrencia nf idea.
ocurrir vi to happen: qu fue lo que ocu
rri? what happened?
P vpr ocurrirse to occur to: no se me ocu
rre nada nothing occurs to me.
odiar vt to hate, loathe.
odio nm hatred, loathing.
odioso,-a adj hateful, despicable.
odontlogo,-a nm & nf odontologist.
odorfico,-a adj odoriferous.
odre nm wineskin.
oeste nm west.
ofender vt (herir) to offend: no quisiera
ofenderte, pero no offence, but
P vpr ofenderse to get offended.
ofendido,-a adj offended.
ofensa nf offence.
ofensivo,-a adj offensive.
oferta nf 1 offer. 2 (suministro) supply.
ofertar vt (ofrecer) to offer.
oficial adj official.
P nm o nf office worker, officer.
oficiala nf (operaria) assistant.
oficialmente adv officially.
oficiante nm o nf officiant.
oficiar vi (ejercer) to act (de, as).
oficina nf office.
oficinista nm o nf office worker, clerk.

oficio nm (ocupacin) job.
oficioso,-a adj (noticia) unofficial.
ofidio nm snake.
ofimtica nf office automation.
ofrecer vt (dar) to offer.
P vpr ofrecerse (prestarse) to offer.
ofrecimiento nm offer, offering.
ofrenda nf offering.
ofrendar vt to make an offering of.
oftalmologa nf ophthalmology.
oftalmlogo,-a nm & nf eye specialist.
ofuscar vt (confundir) to muddle.
P vpr ofuscarse to get muddled.
ogro nm ogre.
oh interj oh!
ohm nm ohm.
ohmio nm ohm.
odas l o c de odas by hearsay.
odo nm 1 (sentido) hearing. 2 (rgano) ear.
oiga interj (para llamar la atencin) excuse
me!; (por telfono) hello?
or vt 1 (percibir) to hear: no o nada I didnt
hear anything. 2 (atender) to answer.
ojal nm buttonhole.
ojal interj I hope so: ojal sea verdad! I
hope it's true!
ojeada nf glance, quick look.
ojear vt (mirar) to have a quick look at.
ojeras nf pl dark rings under the eyes.
ojeriza nf fam dislike.
ojeroso,-a adj haggard.
ojival adj (arte) ogival.
ojo nm 1 eye. 2 (agujero) hole; (de aguja)
eye. comp
okupa nm o nf argot squatter.
ola nf wave. c o m p ola de fro cold spell.
oleceo,-a adj oleaceous.
oleada nf 1 big wave. 2 fig wave.
oleaginoso,-a adj oleaginous.
oleaje nm swell.
oleicultura nf (cultivo) olive-growing.
leo nm (material) oil; (obra) oil painting.
oleoducto nm pipeline.
oleoso,-a adj oily.
oler vt to smell.
P vito smell: huele a gas it smells of gas
in here.
259 omoplato
P vpr olerse to sense: se ha olido que nos
vamos she has sensed that we are leaving.
olfatear vt (oler) to sniff, smell.
olfateo nm sniffing.
olfativo,-a adj olfactory.
olfato nm sense of smell.
olfatorio,-a adj olfactory.
oligarca nm o nf oligarch.
oligarqua nf oligarchy.
oligrquico,-a adj oligarchic.
oligoelemento nm trace element.
oligofrenia nf 1 (enfermedad) mental
handicap. 2 pey mental deficiency.
oligofrnico,-a adj mentally retard-
ed.
P nm & nf mentally retarded person.
olimpiada nf hist Olympiad.
. Tambin se escribe olimpada.
olisquear vt (olfatear) to sniff.
oliva nf olive.
olivar nm olive grove.
olivarero,-a adj (industria) olive.
P nm & nf olive grower.
olivo nm olive tree.
olla nf (utensilio) pan.
olmo nm elm tree.
olor nm smell.
oloroso,-a adj fragrant.
olvidadizo,-a adj forgetful.
olvidar vt to forget.
P vpr olvidarse to forget (de, -).
O
olvido nm 1 (desmemoria) oblivion. 2
(lapsus) oversight, lapse.
Omn nm Oman.
oman adj Omani.
P nm o nf Omani.
ombligo nm navel.
omega nf (letra) omega.
omisin nf omission.
omitir vt (no decir) to omit, leave out.
mnibus nm inv bus.
omnipotente adj omnipotent.
omnipresente adj omnipresent.
omnvoro,-a adj omnivorous.
omoplato nm shoulder blade.
. Tambin se escribe omplato.
once
once adj eleven; (undcimo) eleventh.
P nm eleven.
. Consulta tambin seis.
onceavo,-a adj (parte) eleventh: la on
ceava parte de an eleventh of
P nm eleventh: tres onceavos three elev-
enths.
. Consulta tambin sexto.
oncologa nf oncology.
onclogo,-a nm & nf oncologist.
onda nf wave.
ondear vi (bandera) to fly, flutter.
ondina nf water nymph, undine.
ondulacin nf undulation, wave.
ondulado,-a adj (pelo) wavy.
ondulante adj (movimiento) rolling.
ondular vt (pelo) to wave.
ondulatorio,-a adj undulatory.
oneroso,-a adj onerous.
nice nm onyx.
onrico,-a adj dream, of dreams.
nix nm onyx.
onomstica nf saint's day.
onomstico,-a adj onomastic.
onomatopeya nf onomatopoeia.
onomatopyico,-a adj onomatopoeic.
ontologa nf ontology.
ontolgico,-a adj ontological.
ONU abrev (Organizacin de las Nacio-
nes Unidas) United Nations Organi-
zation; (abreviatura) UNO.
onza nf (peso) ounce.
opacidad nf opaqueness, opacity.
opaco,-a adj opaque.
opalino,-a adj (de palo) opal.
palo nm opal.
opcin nf (en general) option.
opcional adj optional.
open nm inv dep open.
pera nf opera.
operacin nf (gen) operation.
operador,-ra nm & nf operator.
operando nm operand.
operante adj operative.
operar vt med to operate (a, on).
260
P vpr operarse med to have an opera-
tion.
operario,-a nm & nf operator, worker.
operativo,-a adj operative.
opereta nf operetta.
operstico,-a adj operatic.
opinable adj debatable.
opinar vi to think (de, about).
opinin nf (juicio) opinion.
opio nm opium.
opparo,-a adj fml lavish.
oponente nm o nf opponent.
oponer vt to reply with.
P vpr oponerse (estar en contra) to op-
pose (a, -), be against (a, -).
oporto nm port.
oportunidad nf opportunity, chance.
oportunismo nm opportunism.
oportunista nm o nf opportunist.
oportuno,-a adj (a tiempo) opportune.
oposicin nf (antagonismo) opposition.
opresin nf oppression.
opresivo,-a adj oppressive.
opresor,-ra nm & nf oppressor.
oprimido,-a nm & nf oppressed person.
oprimir vt 1 (botn) to press: oprima el bo
tn press the button. 2 fig to oppress.
oprobio nm opprobrium.
optar vi (elegir) to choose (entre, from).
optativa nf educ (asignatura) optional
subject.
optativo,-a adj 1 optional. 2 ling (ora-
cin, modo) optative.
ptica nf 1 (tienda) optician's. 2 fs optics.
ptico,-a nm & nf optician.
optimismo nm optimism.
optimista adj optimistic.
optimizar vt to optimize.
ptimo,-a adj very best, optimum.
opuesto,-a adj 1 (contrario) contrary,
opposed. 2 (de enfrente) opposite.
opulencia nf opulence.
opulento,-a adj opulent.
oquedad nf (hueco) cavity.
oracin nf 1 rel (plegaria) prayer. 2 ling
clause, sentence. c o m p
orculo nm oracle.

orador,-ra nm & nf speaker, orator.
oral adj oral.
orangutn nm zool orang-utan.
orar vi to pray.
oratoria nf oratory.
oratorio,-a adj (estilo, arte) oratorical.
orbe nm (esfera) orb; (mundo) world.
rbita nf (de un astro) orbit.
orbital adj orbital.
orca nf killer whale, orc.
orden nm (ordenacin) order.
P nf (mandato) order.
ordenacin nf arrangement.
ordenada nf mat ordinate.
ordenado,-a adj tidy.
ordenador,-ra nm inform computer.
ordenamiento nm ordering.
ordenanza nf (norma) ordinance.
ordenar vt 1 (arreglar) to put in order; (ha-
bitacin) to tidy up. 2 (mandar) to order.
ordear vt to milk.
ordinal adj ordinal.
P nm ordinal.
ordinariez nf (defecto) vulgarity.
ordinario,-a adj 1 (corriente) ordinary,
common. 2 (grosero) vulgar, common.
organo nm oregano.
oreja nf ear.
orejera nf earflap.
orejero nm (silln) wing chair.
orfanato nm orphanage.
orfandad nf orphanage.
orfebre nm goldsmith, silversmith.
orfebrera nf (en oro) gold work.
orfen nm choral society.
rfico,-a adj lit orphic.
organd nm organdie.
orgnico,-a adj organic.
organigrama nm organization chart.
organillero,-a nm & nf organ-grinder.
organillo nm barrel organ.
organismo nm 1 (humano) organism. 2
(institucional) organization, body.
organista nm o nf organist.
organizacin nf organization.
organizar vt to organize.
organizativo,-a adj organizational.
261 ortogrfico
rgano nm organ.
orgullo nm (propia estima) pride.
orgulloso,-a adj proud.
orientacin nf aspect.
oriental adj eastern, oriental.
P nm o nf Oriental.
orientar vt 1 (antena) to point. 2 (esfuer-
zos) to direct. 3 (aconsejar) to advise.
P vpr orientarse to find one's bearings.
oriente nm East.
orificio nm (agujero) hole.
origen nm (causa) cause, origin.
original adj (gen) original.
P nm original.
originalidad nf originality.
originar vt to cause, give rise to.
originario,-a adj original.
orilla nf 1 (borde) edge. 2 (del ro) bank;
(del mar) shore.
orillar vt (sortear) to get round.
orina nf urine.
orinar vi to urinate.
oriundo,-a adj native of.
orla nf (adorno) edging.
ornamentacin nf ornamentation.
ornamental adj ornamental.
ornamentar vt to adorn, decorate.
ornamento nm ornament.
ornitologa nf ornithology.
ornitolgico,-a adj ornithological.
ornitlogo,-a nm & nf ornithologist. O
ornitorrinco nm platypus.
oro nm gold.
orografa nf orography.
orogrfico,-a adj orographic.
orondo,-a adj hearty, plump.
orquesta nf orchestra, dance band.
orquestal adj orchestral.
orquestar vt to orchestrate.
orqudea nf orchid.
ortiga nf nettle.
ortodoncia nf orthodontics.
ortodoxia nf orthodoxy.
ortodoxo,-a adj orthodox.
P nm & nf orthodox.
ortografa nf spelling.
ortogrfico,-a adj spelling.
ortopedia
ortopedia nf orthopaedics.
ortopdico,-a adj orthopaedic.
ortopedista nm o nf orthopaedist.
oruga nf caterpillar.
orzuelo nm sty.
os pron 1 (complemento directo) you: os es
cucho I am listening to you. 2 (comple-
mento indirecto) you: os traje un libro I
brought you a book. 3 (reflexivo) your-
selves: ya os estis vistiendo? are you
getting dressed already? 4 (recproco)
each other: os parecis mucho you look
very much alike.
osada nf (audacia) audacity, daring.
osado,-a adj (audaz) audacious.
osamenta nf (esqueleto) skeleton.
osar vi lit to dare, have the audacity to.
oscilacin nf (de precios) fluctuation.
oscilar vi (variar) to vary, fluctuate.
oscilatorio,-a adj oscillating.
oscurantismo nm obscurantism.
oscuras l o c a oscuras in the dark.
seo,-a adj (tejido, estructura) bone.
osera nf bear's den.
osezno nm bear cub.
osificacin nf ossification.
osificar vt to ossify.
osmio nm osmium.
smosis nf inv osmosis.
oso nm bear.
ostentacin nf ostentation.
ostentar vt (poseer) to hold.
ostentoso,-a adj ostentatious.
ostepata nm o nf osteopath.
osteopata nf osteopathy.
osteoptico,-a adj osteopathic.
ostra nf oyster.
ostracismo nm ostracism.
ostrero,-a adj oyster.
ostrcola adj oyster.
OTAN abrev (Organizacin del Tratado
del Atlntico Norte) North Atlantic
Treaty Organization; (abreviatura)
NATO.
otear vt (horizonte) to scan.
otero nm hillock.
otitis nf inv ear infection, otitis.
262
otomano,-a adj Ottoman.
P nm & nf (persona) Ottoman.
otoal adj autumnal, autumn, us fall.
otoo nm autumn, us fall.
otorgante adj (de un premio) awarding.
otorgar vt (conceder) to grant, give (a,
to); (premio) to award (a, to).
otorrinolaringlogo,-a nm & nf ear,
nose and throat specialist.
otorrinolaringologa nf ear, nose
and throat, ENT.
otro,-a adj other, another.
P pron other, another: otros others.
ovacin nf ovation, applause.
ovacionar vt to give an ovation (a, to).
oval adj oval.
ovalado,-a adj oval.
valo nm oval.
ovario nm ovary.
oveja nf sheep, ewe.
overtura nf ms overture.
ovillar vt to roll into a ball.
ovillo nm ball of wool.
ovino,-a adj ovine, sheep.
ovparo,-a adj oviparous.
ovulacin nf ovulation.
ovular adj ovular.
P vi to ovulate.
vulo nm ovule.
oxiacetilnico,-a adj oxyacetylene.
oxiacetileno nm oxyacetylene.
oxidable adj oxidizable.
oxidacin nf 1 qum oxidation. 2 (pro-
ceso) rusting.
oxidado,-a adj rusty.
oxidar vt to rust.
P vpr oxidarse to rust, go rusty.
xido nm (herrumbre) rust.
oxigenado,-a adj qum oxygenated.
oxigenar vt to get some fresh air in.
P vpr oxigenarse to get some fresh air.
oxgeno nm oxygen.
oye interj fam (para llamar la atencin) hey!
oyente nm o nf rad listener.
ozono nm ozone. c o m p capa de ozono
ozone layer.

263
P, p nf (la letra) P, p.
pabelln nm (en una feria) stand.
pabilo nm wick.
pbulo nm fuel.
pacana nf pecan nut.
pacer vi to graze.
pachn,-ona adj (perro) pointer.
paciencia nf patience.
paciente nm o nf patient.
pacificacin nf pacification.
pacficamente adv peacefully.
pacificar vt to pacify.
pacfico,-a adj peaceful.
pacifismo nm pacifism.
pacifista adj pacifist.
P nm o nf pacifist.
pactar vt to agree (to).
P vi to come to an agreement.
pacto nm pact, agreement.
padecer vt to suffer.
P vi (sufrir) to suffer (de, from).
padecimiento nm suffering.
padrastro nm (padre) stepfather.
padrazo nm fam loving father.
padre nm father.
P nm pl padres parents.
padrino nm (de bautizo) godfather.
P nm pl padrinos godparents.
padrn nm (censo) census.
paella nf (comida) paella.
paellera nf paella pan.
paga nf 1 (sueldo) pay. 2 (de los nios)
pocket money.
pagadero,-a adj payable.
pagador,-ra adj paying.
P nm & nf (gen) payer.
paganismo nm paganism.
pagano,-a nm & nf rel pagan.
P
pagar vt to pay: ya he pagado lo que deba
I've already paid what I owed.
vi to pay: en esta empresa pagan muy
P
bien this company pays very well.
pgina nf page.
paginacin nf pagination.
pago nm payment.
paguro nm (ermitao) hermit crab.
pas nm country.
paisaje nm landscape.
paisajista nm o nf (pintor) landscape artist.
paisajstico,-a adj landscape.
paisano,-a nm & nf 1 (compatriota) fel-
low countryman. 2 (campesino) coun-
tryman.
paja nf 1 straw. 2 fig (relleno) waffle.
pajar nm (lugar) hayloft.
pajarera nf aviary.
pajarera nf (tienda) caged-bird shop.
pajarero,-a adj of birds.
pajarita nf (de cuello) bow tie.
pjaro nm (animal) bird.
paje nm page.
pajita nf (para beber) straw.
pajizo,-a adj straw-coloured ( us
straw-colored).
Pakistn nm Pakistan.
pakistan adj Pakistani.
P nm o nf Pakistani.
pala nf 1 shovel. 2 dep (de ping-pong) bat.
palabra nf word.
palacete nm mansion.
palaciego,-a adj palatial.
palacio nm palace.
palada nf (gen) shovelful.
paladar nm 1 palate. 2 fig taste.
paladear vt to savour, relish.
paladn nm fig champion.
palafito
palafito nm house on stilts.
palanca nf (gen) lever. l o c hacer palan
ca to lever.
palangana nf bowl.
palangre nm (arte de pesca) boulter.
palatal adj palatal.
P nf palatal.
palco nm (en el teatro) box.
paleografa nf palaeography.
palegrafo,-a nm & nf palaeographer.
paleoltico,-a adj Palaeolithic.
P nm el paleoltico the Palaeolithic.
paleontologa nf palaeontology.
paleontlogo,-a nm & nf palaeontol-
ogist.
Palestina nf Palestine.
palestino,-a adj Palestinian.
P nm & nf Palestinian.
palestra nf arena, forum.
paleta nf 1 (de pintor) palette. 2 (de alba-
il) trowel.
paletada nf (de albail) going over
with a trowel.
paletilla nf 1 anat shoulder blade. 2
culin shoulder.
paliar vt to palliate, alleviate.
paliativo,-a adj palliative.
P nm paliativo palliative.
palidecer vi 1 to turn pale. 2 fig to fade.
palidez nf paleness, pallor.
plido,-a adj pale.
palillero nm toothpick holder.
palillo nm (mondadientes) toothpick.
palio nm canopy.
palisandro nm rosewood.
paliza nf beating, thrashing.
palma nf 1 bot palm (tree). 2 (de la ma-
no) palm.
P nf pl palmas (aplausos) clapping sing.
palmada nf (golpe) slap, pat.
palmar nm palm grove.
palmars nm (lista) list of winners.
palmatoria nf candlestick.
palmeado,-a adj 1 bot palmate. 2
zool (dedos) webbed.
palmear vi to clap.
palmera nf bot palm tree, palm.
palmeral nm palm grove.
264
palmetazo nm stroke of the cane.
palmpedo,-a adj web-footed.
P nf pl palmpedas zool (gnero) web-
footed birds.
palmito nm 1 culin palm heart. 2 bot
palmetto.
palmo nm (medida) span.
palmotear vi to clap.
palmoteo nm clapping.
palo nm 1 (estaca) stick; (de valla) post;
(de telgrafos) pole. 2 (golpe) blow.
paloma nf (gen) pigeon; (blanca) dove.
palomar nm dovecote.
palometa nf Ray's bream.
palomilla nf (tuerca) wing nut.
palomino nm young pigeon.
palomitas c o m p palomitas de maz
popcorn sing.
palomo nm cock pigeon.
palote nm (dibujo) stroke.
palpable adj palpable.
palpar vt med to palpate.
palpitacin nf palpitation.
palpitante adj (tema, cuestin) burning.
palpitar vi to palpitate, throb.
plpito nm hunch, feeling.
paludismo nm malaria.
palurdo,-a nm & nf country bumpkin.
palustre adj (de las lagunas) lake.
pamela nf wide-brimmed straw hat.
pampa nf pampas pl.
pmpano nm vine shoot.
pamplina nf (tontera) daft thing.
pamplinero,-a adj sweet-talking.
pan nm 1 (masa) bread; (hogaza) loaf of
bread. 2 (alimento) food, bread. c o m p
barra de pan loaf of bread. y pan inte
gral wholemeal bread.
pana nf corduroy.
panacea nf panacea.
panadera nf bakery, baker's.
panadero,-a nm & nf baker.
panal nm honeycomb.
Panam nm Panama.
panameo,-a adj Panamanian.
P nm & nf Panamanian.
panamericano,-a adj Pan-American.
 265
pancarta nf 1 placard. 2 inform banner.
panceta nf bacon.
pncreas nm inv pancreas.
pancretico,-a adj pancreatic.
panda nm zool panda.
pandemnium nm pandemonium.
pandeo nm (torcedura) warp.
pandereta nf small tambourine.
pandero nm tambourine.
pandilla nf group of friends.
panecillo nm bread roll.
panel nm (gen) panel.
panera nf breadbasket.
panfleto nm fig propaganda.
pnico nm panic.
panificadora nf industrial bakery.
panocha nf (de maz) corncob.
panorama nm panorama, view.
panormica nf panorama.
panormico,-a adj panoramic.
pantalla nf screen.
pantaln [tambin se usa en plural con el
mismo significado] nm trousers pl, us
pants.c o m p pantaln vaquero jeans pl.
pantano nm 1 (artificial) reservoir. 2 (na-
tural) marsh.
pantanoso,-a adj marshy.
pantesmo nm pantheism.
panten nm pantheon.
pantera nf panther.
panties nm pl tights.
pantomima nf 1 (representacin) panto-
mime, mime. 2 fig farce, pretence.
pantorrilla nf calf.
pantufla nf slipper.
panza nf belly.
panzada nf (en el agua) belly flop.
paal nm nappy, us diaper.
paera nf draper's, draper's shop.
pao nm cloth.
paoleta nf shawl.
pauelo nm handkerchief.
papa 1 nm 1 fam dad. 2 el Papa the
Pope.
papa2 nf (patata) potato. c o m p papas fri
tas chips, us French fries.
parbola
pap nm fam dad, daddy. c o m p Pap
Noel Santa Claus.
papada nf double chin.
papagayo nm parrot.
papaya nf papaya.
papayo nm papaya tree.
papel nm 1 (gen) paper. 2 (en pelcula)
role, part. c o m p papel higinico toilet
paper. y papel pintado wallpaper.
P nm pl papeles fam (documentacin) pa-
pers.
papeleo nm fam paperwork.
papelera nf 1 wastepaper basket. 2
(en la calle) litter bin.
papelera nf stationer's.
papelero,-a adj (del papel) paper: la in
dustria papelera the paper industry.
papeleta nf 1 (de voto) ballot paper.
2 (de examen) results slip.
paperas nf pl mumps.
papi nm fam dad, daddy.
papila nf papilla.
papilla nf (infantil) baby food.
papiro nm papyrus.
pap adj Papuan.
P nm o nf Papuan.
Papa nf Papua. c o m p Papa Nueva
Guinea Papua New Guinea.
paquete nm 1 (cajita) packet, pack. 2
(conjunto) set, packet: un paquete de ga
lletas a package of biscuits. c o m p paque
te postal parcel.
paquidermo nm pachyderm.
Paquistn nm Pakistan.
P
paquistan adj Pakistani.
P nm o nf Pakistani.
par adj 1 equal. 2 mat even.
P nm (dos) couple; (pareja) pair.
para prep 1 (finalidad) for: es para su cum
pleaos it's for her birthday. 2 (uso, utili-
dad) for: tienes algo para el dolor de cabe
za? have you got anything for a
headache? 3 (destino, direccin) for, to:
para dnde vas? where are you going? 4
(tiempo, fechas lmites) by, before: lo necesi
to para el viernes I need it by Friday.
P conj (finalidad) to, in order to: lo hice
para ahorrar tiempo I did it to save time.
parbola nf mat parabola.
 parablica
parablica nf satellite dish.
parablico,-a adj parabolic. comp an
tena parablica satellite dish.
parabrisas nm inv windscreen.
paracadas nm inv parachute.
paracaidismo nm parachuting.
paracaidista nm o nf dep parachutist.
parachoques nm inv auto bumper.
parada nf 1 (gen) stop, halt. 2 (de auto-
bs, etc) stop. 3 (pausa) pause. c o m p pa
rada de autobs bus stop.
paradero nm whereabouts pl.
paradigmtico,-a adj paradigmatic.
paradisaco,-a adj heavenly.
parado,-a adj 1 (quieto) still. 2 (sin traba-
jo) unemployed.
P nm & nf unemployed person.
paradjico,-a adj paradoxical.
parador nm (hotel) state-run hotel.
parafina nf paraffin.
paraguas nm inv umbrella.
Paraguay nm Paraguay.
paraguaya nf type of peach.
paraguayo,-a adj Paraguayan.
P nm & nf Paraguayan.
paraso nm paradise.
paraje nm spot.
paralela nf (lnea) parallel line.
P nf pl paralelas dep parallel bars.
paralelo,-a adj parallel.
P nm paralelo parallel.
paralelogramo nm parallelogram.
parlisis nf inv paralysis.
paraltico,-a adj paralytic.
P nm & nf paralytic.
paralizacin nf paralysis.
paralizar vt 1 med to paralyse. 2 (circu-
lacin) to bring to a standstill.
parmetro nm parameter.
pramo nm moor.
paranoia nf paranoia.
paranoico,-a nm & nf paranoic.
parapente nm paragliding.
parapeto nm parapet.
parapljico,-a nm & nf paraplegic.
parapsicologa nf parapsychology.
266
parapsicolgico,-a adj parapsycho-
logical.
parar vt 1 to stop. 2 dep to save: ha pa
rado tres disparos he's made three saves.
P vi to stop: aqu no para el tren the train
doesn't stop here.
P vpr pararse to stop.
pararrayos nm inv lightning conductor.
parasitario,-a adj parasitic.
parsito,-a nm biol parasite.
parasol nm parasol, sunshade.
parcela nf (de tierra) plot (of land).
parcelar vt (finca) to divide into plots.
parche nm patch.
parchs nm inv ludo.
parcial adj (gen) partial.
P nm (examen) examination covering part of
the course and counting towards the final mark.
parcialidad nf (injusticia) bias, partiality.
parco,-a adj (escaso) frugal, sparing.
pardo,-a adj (color tierra) brown.
pareado,-a adj (casa) semidetached.
parecer nm (opinin) opinion, mind.
P vi 1 to seem, look (like): parece un oso
it looks like a bear. 2 (opinar) to think:
qu te parece? what do you think?
P vpr parecerse to be alike, look like:
se parecen mucho they're very much alike.
parecido,-a adj similar.
P nm parecido resemblance, likeness.
pared nf 1 wall. 2 (de una montaa) side.
paredn nm execution wall.
pareja nf 1 (gen) pair: he perdido la pareja
de este calcetn I've lost the other sock. 2
(de personas) couple; (de baile) partner.
parejo,-a adj (sin diferencia) the same;
(por igual) even.
parentela nf relatives pl, relations pl.
parentesco nm kinship, relationship.
parntesis nm inv 1 (gen) parenthesis.
2 fig (interrupcin) break, interruption.
paria nm o nf pariah.
paridad nf (gen) parity, equality.
pariente,-a nm & nf relative.
parir vt fam to give birth to.
P vi to give birth.
parlamentario,-a adj parliamentary.
P nm & nf member of parliament.
 267
parlamento nm parliament.
parlante adj talking.
parlotear vi fam to chatter, prattle on.
parmesan nm (queso) Parmesan cheese.
paro nm 1 stop. 2 (desempleo) unem-
ployment.
parodia nf parody.
parodiar vt to parody.
paroxismo nm paroxysm.
parpadear vi (ojos) to blink, wink.
prpado nm eyelid.
parque nm (jardines) park. c o m p parque
de atracciones amusement park.
parqu nm parquet.
parqumetro nm parking meter.
parra nf grapevine.
parrafada nf fam (conversacin) chat.
prrafo nm paragraph.
parranda nf fam spree.
parrilla nf 1 grill, us broiler, barbecue.
loc a la parrilla culin grilled.
parrillada nf mixed grill (of meat or fish).
prroco nm parish priest.
parroquia nf (iglesia) parish church.
parsimonia nf (lentitud) slowness.
parsimonioso,-a adj (tranquilo) slow.
parte nf 1 (gen) part; (en una particin)
portion: divide el pastel en tres partes cut
the cake into three (slices). 2 (en negocio)
share. 3 (lugar) place: no lo venden en
ninguna parte they don't sell it any-
where. 4 (en un conflicto) side: las dos par
tes quieren llevar la razn both sides be-
lieve they are right.
P nm (comunicado) official report.
P nf pl partes fam privates, private
parts. l o c en parte partly. y por una
parte, por otra on the one hand,
on the other hand
partera nf midwife.
parterre nm flowerbed.
particin nf (de una herencia) partition.
participacin nf involvement.
participante nm o nf participant.
participar vi to participate, take part.
P vt (notificar) to notify, inform.
partcipe adj participating.
P nm o nf participant.
pasamanos
participio nm participle.
partcula nf particle.
particular adj (concreto) particular.
P nm 1 private individual. 2 (asunto)
matter, subject.
particularidad nf (gen) peculiarity.
particularizar vt to distinguish.
partida nf 1 (remesa) consignment, lot.
2 (documento) certificate. 3 (juego)
game. l o c jugar una partida to play a
game. c o m p partida de nacimiento
birth certificate.
partidario,-a adj supporting.
P nm & nf supporter.
partidista adj biased, partisan.
partido,-a adj 1 divided. 2 (roto) broken.
P nm partido 1 (grupo poltico) party,
group. 2 dep (equipo) team; (juego)
game, match. c o m p partido amistoso
friendly game.
partir vt 1 (dividir) to divide, cut: voy a
partir pan I'll cut some bread. 2 (romper)
to break; (nueces, almendras) to crack.
P vi (irse) to leave, set out, set off.
P vpr partirse to break: se ha partido la
pierna he's broken his leg.
partitivo,-a adj partitive.
P nm partitivo partitive.
partitura nf score.
parto nm childbirth: fue un parto difcil it
was a difficult birth. l o c estar de parto
to be in labour (us labor).
parvulario nm nursery school.
P
prvulo,-a nm & nf infant.
pasa nf raisin.
pasable adj passable.
pasadizo nm passage.
pasado,-a adj 1 past. 2 (ao, semana, etc)
last. 3 (despus) after: pasadas las once
after eleven. 4 (estropeado) bad. c o m p pa
sado maana the day after tomor-
row.
P nm pasado 1 (tiempo) past. 2 ling
past, past tense.
pasador nm slide.
pasaje nf 1 (tarifa) fare, ticket. 2 (pasajeros)
passengers pl. 3 (fragmento) passage.
pasajero,-a nm & nf passenger.
pasamanos nm inv handrail.
 pasamontaas
pasamontaas nm inv balaclava.
pasaporte nm passport.
pasapurs nm inv vegetable mill.
pasar vi 1 (ir) to pass, pass by, go: pasa
de un idioma a otro sin darse cuenta he goes
from one language to another without re-
alizing. 2 (tiempo) to pass, go by: cmo
pasa el tiempo! doesn't time fly! 3 (entrar)
to come in, go in: pasa, est abierto
come in, it's not locked. 4 (cesar) to pass,
cease: en cuanto pase la tormenta salimos
we'll go out when the storm has passed.
5 (lmite) to exceed (de, -). 6 (ocurrir) to
happen. 7 (sufrir) to suffer.
P vt 1 (trasladar) to move, transfer: pasa
este documento al otro CD move this file to
the other CD. 2 (comunicar, dar) to give:
psale el informe al jefe give this report to
the boss. 3 (cruzar) to cross: pasamos la
frontera ayer we crossed the border yester-
day. 4 (alcanzar) to pass, reach: psame
la sal, por favor pass me the salt, please. 5
(aventajar) to surpass, be better than: tu
hermano ya te pasa en matemticas your
brother is better than you at maths. 6
(adelantar) to overtake: me pas un depor
tivo rojo en una curva a red sports car over-
took me on a bend. 7 (deslizar) to run:
pas el dedo por el estante he ran his finger
along the shelf. 8 (tolerar) to overlook:
esta vez te la paso, pero que no se repita I'll
overlook it this time, but don't let it hap-
pen again. 9 (aprobar) to pass: pas el exa
men a la primera I passed my test first
time. 10 (proyectar) to show: pasaron unas
diapositivas they showed some slides. 11
(tiempo - estar) to spend; (- disfrutar, pade-
cer) to have: pasamos unas vacaciones estu
pendas we had a wonderful holiday.
P vpr pasarse 1 (cambiar) to pass over (a,
to): se ha pasado al otro bando she's gone
over to the other side. 2 (pudrirse) to go
off. 3 (olvidarse) to forget: se me pas la fe
cha de entrega I forgot about the deadline. 4
(ir) to go by (por, -), call in (por, at): psa
te por casa cuando quieras pop in any time.
pasarela nf (puente) footbridge.
pasatiempos nm pl puzzles.
pascua nf Easter.
P nf pl pascuas Christmas sing.
268
pase nm (permiso) pass.
pasear vi to stroll, go for a walk.
P vt to take for a walk.
paseo nm 1 (a pie) walk; (a caballo) ride.
2 (en coche) drive; (en bicicleta, moto) ride.
l o c dar un paseo to go for a walk.
pasillo nm corridor.
pasin nf passion.
pasividad nf passiveness, passivity.
pasmado,-a adj flabbergasted.
pasmar vt to astonish, amaze.
P vpr pasmarse fam (asombrarse) to be
astonished, be amazed.
pasmo nm (asombro) amazement.
pasmoso,-a adj astonishing.
paso nm 1 (movimiento) step, footstep. 2
(camino) passage. l o c abrirse paso to
force one's way through. y estar de
paso to be passing through. c o m p pa
so de peatones pedestrian crossing.
pasta nf 1 (masa) paste. 2 culin (italiana)
pasta. 3 (croissant, etc) pastry; (de t) bis-
cuit.
pastar vt to pasture, graze.
P vi to pasture, graze.
pastel nm culin (dulce) cake; (salado) pie.
pastelera nf (tienda) cake shop.
pastelero,-a nm & nf pastrycook.
pasteurizado,-a adj pasteurized.
pasteurizar vt to pasteurize.
pastilla nf 1 (medicina) tablet, pill. 2 (de
chocolate, jabn) bar.
pasto nm (pastizal) pasture.
pastor,-ra nm & nf shepherd.
pastoso,-a adj (sustancia) pasty.
pata nf 1 (gen) leg. 2 (garra) paw. 3 (pezu-
a) hoof. l o c a cuatro patas on all
fours. y meter la pata fam to put one's
foot in it. y patas arriba upside down.
patada nf kick.
patalear vi 1 (con enfado) to stamp one's
feet. 2 (protestar) to kick up a fuss.
pataleo nm 1 (con los pies) stamping. 2
(protesta) complaining.
pataleta nf fam tantrum.
patata nf potato. c o m p patatas fritas 1
(de bolsa) crisps. 2 (de sartn) chips.
pat nm pt.

patear vt 1 to kick. 2 (andar) to walk.
patentado,-a adj patented.
patentar vt to patent.
patente adj (evidente) obvious, patent.
patera nf boat.
paternal adj paternal.
paternalista adj paternalistic.
paternidad nf paternity.
paterno,-a adj paternal.
pattico,-a adj pathetic.
patbulo nm gallows sing.
patilla nf 1 (pata) leg. 2 (de las gafas) arm.
P nf pl sideboards, us sideburns.
patn nm 1 (de ruedas) roller skate,
skate; (de hielo) ice skate. 2 (tabla)
skateboard. 3 (patinete) scooter. 4 (en
el mar) pedalo.
ptina nf patina.
patinador,-ra nm & nf skater.
patinaje nm skating. c o m p patinaje ar
tstico figure skating. y patinaje sobre
hielo ice-skating. y patinaje sobre rue
das roller skating.
patinar vi 1 (como diversin) to skate. 2
(vehculo) to skid.
patinazo nm 1 skid. 2 fam (error) boob.
patinete nm scooter.
patio nm 1 (de una casa) courtyard; (de
un colegio) playground. 2 teat pit.
pato,-a nm & nf (ave ) duck.
P nm pato fam (persona) clumsy person.
patolgico,-a adj pathological.
patria nf homeland.
patriarca nm patriarch.
patriarcado nm patriarchy.
patrimonio nm patrimony.
patrio,-a adj of one's homeland.
patriota nm o nf patriot.
patritico,-a adj patriotic.
patriotismo nm patriotism.
patrocinador,-ra nm & nf sponsor.
patrocinar vt to sponsor.
patrocinio nm sponsorship.
patrn,-ona nm & nf 1 (dueo de una ca-
sa) landlord. 2 (jefe) employer. 3 rel
patron saint.
P nm patrn 1 (en costura) pattern. 2 (de
barco) skipper. 3 (modelo) standard.
269 pectoral
patronal adj (fiesta) of one's patron
saint.
P nf (institucin) employers' association.
patronato nm (patronal) employers'
association.
patrulla nf (de vigilancia) patrol.
patrullar vt to patrol.
paulatino,-a adj gradual.
pausa nf 1 pause. 2 ms rest.
pausado,-a adj unhurried, slow.
pauta nf (norma) rule, guideline.
pavimentar vt (con losas) to pave.
pavimento nm (de losas) pavement.
pavo,-a nm & nf (ave - macho) turkey;
(- hembra) turkey hen. c o m p pavo real
peacock.
P nm pavo fam (timidez) shyness.
pavonearse vpr to brag, swagger.
pavoneo nm strutting.
pavor nm terror.
pavoroso,-a adj frightful.
payasada nf 1 buffoonery. 2 fam silly
thing.
payaso,-a nm & nf 1 (artista de circo)
clown. 2 fam joker.
paz nf peace. l o c dejar en paz to leave
alone. y hacer las paces to make up.
peaje nm 1 (dinero) toll. 2 (lugar) toll-
booth.
peana nf pedestal, stand.
peatn nm pedestrian.
peatonal adj (calle, zona) pedestrian.
peca nf freckle.
P
pecado nm sin.
pecador,-ra nm & nf sinner.
pecaminoso,-a adj sinful, wicked.
pecar vi to sin.
pecera nf fishbowl, fish tank.
pechera nf (de camisa) shirt front.
pechina nf scallop.
pecho nm 1 (gen) chest. 2 (seno) breast.
l o c dar el pecho to breast-feed.
pechuga nf (de un ave) breast.
pecolo nm petiole.
pecoso,-a adj (persona) freckly.
pectina nf pectin.
pectoral nm (msculo) pectoral muscle.
pecuario 270
pecuario,-a adj cattle.
peculiar adj (caracterstico) particular.
peculiaridad nf peculiarity.
pecuniario,-a adj pecuniary.
pedagoga nf pedagogy.
pedaggico,-a adj pedagogic(al).
pedagogo,-a nm & nf educator.
pedal nm 1 pedal. 2 fam bender.
pedalear vi to pedal.
pedaleo nm pedalling.
pedana nf hamlet.
pedante adj pedantic, pompous.
pedantera nf pedantry, pomposity.
pedazo nm piece, bit.
pedernal nm 1 (slex) flint. 2 fig rock.
pedestal nm pedestal.
pedestre adj (a pie) on foot.
pediatra nm o nf paediatrician.
pediatra nf paediatrics.
pedicuro,-a nm & nf chiropodist.
pedido nm (de mercancas) order. l o c ha
cer un pedido to place an order.
pedigr nm pedigree.
pedigeo,-a nm & nf pest.
pedir vt 1 (gen) to ask for: me pidi que la
acompaara she asked me to go with
her. 2 (mercancas, en restaurante) to or-
der: qu has pedido de postre? what did
you order for dessert?
P vi (por la calle) to beg.
pedrada nf blow with a stone.
pedregal nm rocky ground.
pedregoso,-a adj stony, rocky.
pedrera nf stone quarry.
pedrera nf precious stones pl.
pedrisco nm (granizo) hail.
pedrusco nm rough stone.
pednculo nm (de planta) stem.
pega nf fam (dificultad) snag: me pusieron
muchas pegas they made it difficult for me.
pegadizo,-a adj 1 (cancin, msica)
catchy. 2 (sustancia) sticky, adhesive.
pegajoso,-a adj 1 (mano) sticky. 2 pey
(persona) clingy.
pegamento nm glue.
pegar1 vt 1 (gen) to stick. 2 (contagiar) to
give: me has pegado la gripe you've given
me your flu. 3 (acercar) to move close to:
pega la estantera a la pared move the book-
case against the wall. 4 inform to paste.
P vi (combinar) to match: esta blusa no
pega con la falda this blouse doesn't go
with the skirt.
P vpr pegarse 1 (quemarse) to stick: se
me ha vuelto a pegar el arroz the rice has
stuck again. 2 (persona) to latch onto.
pegar2 vt 1 (golpear) to hit: mam, Pablo
me ha pegado mum, Pablo hit me. 2 (dar)
to give: vaya susto me has pegado! you
didn't half scare me!
pegatina nf sticker.
pego l o c dar el pego fam to look like
the real thing.
pegote nm fam (masa) sticky dollop.
peinado nm combing.
peinado,-a adj combed.
peinar vt 1 (gen) to comb; (con cepillo) to
brush. 2 (registrar) to comb, search.
peine nm comb.
peineta nf ornamental comb.
peladilla nf sugared almond.
pelado,-a adj 1 bald, bare. 2 (cabeza)
hairless, bald.
peladuras nf pl peelings.
pelaje nm (de animal) coat, fur.
pelambrera nf fam hair.
pelapatatas nm inv potato peeler.
pelar vt 1 (persona) to cut sb's hair. 2
(fruta, patata, etc) to peel.
P vpr pelarse 1 (cortarse el pelo) to get
one's hair cut. 2 (piel) to be peeling.
peldao nm step.
pelea nf (fsica) fight; (verbal) quarrel.
peleador,-ra adj argumentative.
pelear vi to fight, to quarrel, argue.
P vpr pelearse to fight, to quarrel.
pelen,-ona nm & nf quarrelsome.
peletera nf (establecimiento) fur shop.
peletero,-a adj (industria) fur.
P nm & nf furrier.
peliagudo,-a adj tricky.
pelcano nm pelican.
pelcula nf film. c o m p pelcula de sus
pense thriller. y pelcula muda silent
movie.
 271
peligrar vi to be in danger.
peligro nm danger. l o c correr peligro
de to be in danger of. y estar fuera de
peligro to be out of danger.
peligroso,-a adj dangerous.
peln nm fam teeny bit.
pelirrojo,-a adj red-haired.
pellejo nm (piel) skin.
pelliza nf (forrada de piel) fur-lined coat.
pellizcar vt to pinch, nip.
pellizco nm pinch, nip.
pelo nm 1 hair. 2 (de animal) coat, fur. 3
fam bit: perd el tren por un pelo I missed
the train by seconds. l o c no tener un
pelo de tonto,-a fam to be nobody's
fool. y poner los pelos de punta to
make one's hair stand on end. y to
mar el pelo a algn to pull sb's leg.
pelota nf ball. c o m p pelota de ftbol
football.
P nm o nf fam creep.
pelotazo nm blow with a ball.
pelotilla nf small ball.
pelotn nm 1 fig (grupo) bunch. 2 (de ci-
clistas) pack, peloton.
peltre nm pewter.
peluca nf wig.
peluche nm (mueco) teddy bear.
peludo,-a adj hairy.
peluquera nf hairdresser's.
peluquero,-a nm & nf hairdresser.
peluqun nm hairpiece.
pelusa nf (pelo) fluff.
plvico,-a adj pelvic.
pelvis nf inv pelvis.
pena nf 1 (castigo) sentence, punish-
ment. 2 (tristeza) grief, sorrow. 3 (lsti-
ma) pity: qu pena que no podis venir! it's
a shame you can't make it! 4 (dificultad)
hardship, trouble.
penado,-a nm & nf convict.
penal adj (derecho) criminal.
P nm (prisin) prison, us penitentiary.
penalidad nf trouble, hardship.
penalizacin nf (accin) penalization.
penalizar vt to penalize.
penalti nm penalty.
penar vt (castigar) to punish, penalize.
P vi (padecer) to suffer, grieve.
penltimo
pender vi to hang (de, from).
pendiente adj 1 hanging. 2 (asunto)
pending, outstanding. l o c estar pen
diente de algo (a la espera) to be wait-
ing for sth.
P nf (cuesta) slope; (inclinacin) gradient.
P nm (joya) earring.
pendular adj pendular.
pndulo nm pendulum.
penetracin nf penetration.
penetrante adj penetrating.
penetrar vi 1 (introducirse - en un territorio)
to penetrate (en, -); (- en propiedad) to
enter. 2 (atravesar) to penetrate, seep
through: la humedad ha penetrado por el
suelo damp has seeped through the floor.
P vt (atravesar) to penetrate; (ruido) to
pierce.
penicilina nf penicillin.
pennsula nf peninsula. c o m p la Penn
sula Ibrica the Iberian Peninsula.
penique nm penny.
penitencia nf rel (virtud) penitence;
(castigo, sacramento) penance.
penitenciara nf penitentiary.
penitenciario,-a adj (institucin, sistema)
prison.
penoso,-a adj (doloroso) painful.
pensador,-ra nm & nf thinker.
pensamiento nm (idea) thought.
pensante adj thinking.
pensar vi 1 (gen) to think ( en , of/
about): estuvo pensando en sus amigos he
was thinking about his friends. 2 (consi-
derar) to consider, think (en, about).
P
3 (creer) to think, think about. 4 (opi-
nar) to think (de, about). 5 (decidir) to
decide. 6 (tener la intencin) to intend
to, plan, think of.
pensativo,-a adj pensive.
pensin nf 1 (para jubilados) pension. 2
(casa de huspedes) boarding house.
c o m p pensin completa full board.
pensionista nm o nf (jubilado) pensioner.
pentagonal adj pentagonal.
pentgono nm pentagon.
pentagrama nm ms stave, staff.
pentatln nm pentathlon.
penltimo,-a adj penultimate.
P nm & nf last but one, next to last.
 penumbra
penumbra nf (gen) semidarkness.
penuria nf (escasez) shortage.
pea1 nf (piedra) rock; (monte) crag.
pea2 nf (grupo) group of friends; (aso-
ciacin) club.
peasco nm crag.
pen nm craggy rock. l o c el Pen
de Gibraltar the Rock of Gibraltar.
pen nm 1 (trabajador) unskilled la-
bourer (us laborer). 2 (en el ajedrez)
pawn.
peona nf bot peony.
peonza nf top, spinning top.
peor adj 1 (comparativo) worse: tu coche
es peor que el mo your car is worse than
mine. 2 (superlativo) worst.
pepinillo nm gherkin.
pepino nm cucumber.
pepita nf (de fruta) seed, pip.
peque nm kid.
pequeez nf 1 (de tamao) smallness. 2
(insignificancia) trifle.
pequeito,-a adj fam teeny, wee.
pequeo,-a adj 1 (de tamao) little,
small: este jersey me est pequeo this
jumper is too small for me. 2 (de edad)
young. 3 (en tiempo) short: nos hemos
tomado unas pequeas vacaciones we've
taken a short holiday.
P nm & nf (nio) little one: a esta hora los
pequeos tienen que estar en la cama kids
should be in bed by now. l o c de
pequeo,-a as a child.
pequins,-esa adj Pekinese.
P nm pekins (perro) Pekinese.
pera nf (fruta) pear.
peral nm pear tree.
perca nf perch.
percance nm mishap.
percatarse vpr to notice (de, -).
percebe nm goose barnacle.
percepcin nf perception.
perceptible adj perceptible.
perceptivo,-a adj perceptive.
percha nf 1 (de ropa) hanger. 2 (perchero
de pared) rack; (gancho) hook.
perchero nm (de pie) coat stand.
perchern,-ona adj (caballo) Percheron.
272
percibir vt (notar) to perceive, notice.
percusin nf percussion.
percusionista nm o nf percussionist.
percutir vt (golpear) to strike.
perdedor,-ra nm & nf loser.
perder vt 1 (gen) to lose. 2 (malgastar,
desperdiciar) to waste: se pasa el da per
diendo el tiempo he's always wasting
time. 3 (tren, etc) to miss.
P vi 1 (gen) to lose; (salir perdiendo) to
lose out. 2 (empeorar) to get worse.
P vpr perderse 1 (extraviarse - persona) to
get lost; (- cosa, etc) to go missing: se
me ha perdido un pendiente I've lost an
earring. 2 (dejar escapar) to miss: no te lo
pierdas! don't miss it!
perdicin nf (moral) undoing, ruin.
prdida nf 1 (dao) loss: las tormentas han
originado muchas prdidas materiales the
storms have caused serious damage. 2
(desperdicio) waste. 3 (escape) leak.
perdido,-a adj 1 (extraviado) lost. 2 (des-
perdiciado) wasted. 3 (bala) stray.
perdign nm pellet.
perdiguero nm gun dog.
perdiz nf partridge.
perdn nm pardon, forgiveness. l o c
pedir perdn to apologize, say sorry.
perdonable adj excusable, forgivable.
perdonar vt 1 (gen) to forgive. 2 (excu-
sar) to excuse: perdona que te interrumpa
excuse me for interrupting. 3 (deuda) to
write off.
perdurar vi to last, continue to exist.
perecedero,-a adj perishable.
perecer vi to perish, die.
peregrinacin nf pilgrimage.
peregrinar vi to go on a pilgrimage.
peregrino,-a nm & nf rel pilgrim.
perejil nm parsley.
perenne adj perennial.
pereza nf laziness. l o c tener pereza to
feel lazy.
perezoso,-a adj lazy.
P nm perezoso zool sloth.
perfeccin nf perfection. l o c a la per
feccin perfectly: habla ingls a la per
feccin he speaks perfect English.
 273
perfeccionar vt 1 (mejorar) to improve.
2 (hacer perfecto) to perfect.
perfeccionista adj perfectionist.
P nm o nf perfectionist.
perfecto,-a adj perfect.
perfidia nf perfidy.
prfido,-a adj perfidious.
perfil nm 1 (gen) profile. 2 (silueta) outline.
perfilar vt (dar forma) to outline.
perforacin nf (gen) perforation.
perforadora nf 1 (en una mina) drill. 2
(de papeles) punch.
perforar vt 1 (gen) to perforate. 2 (terre-
no) to drill, bore. 3 (papel) to punch.
perfumar vt to perfume, scent.
perfume nm perfume.
perfumera nf (tienda) perfumery.
pergamino nm parchment.
prgola nf pergola.
pericardio nm pericardium.
pericarpio nm pericarp.
pericia nf skill.
periferia nf (de una ciudad) outskirts pl.
perifrico,-a adj 1 (gen) peripheral. 2
(barrio, zona) outlying.
P nm perifrico inform peripheral unit.
perifollo nm bot common chervil.
perfrasis nf periphrasis.
perifrstico,-a adj periphrastic.
perilla nf goatee.
permetro nm perimeter.
periodicidad nf periodicity.
peridico,-a adj periodical.
P nm peridico newspaper.
periodismo nm journalism.
periodista nm o nf journalist.
perodo nm period.
peripecia nf incident.
peripuesto,-a adj fam all dressed up.
periquito,-a nm o nf parakeet.
periscopio nm periscope.
peristilo nm peristyle.
peritaje nm (informe) expert's report.
perito,-a nm & nf (experto) expert.
perjudicado,-a nm & nf person who
loses out, person affected: los ms
perplejo
perjudicados han sido los campesinos farm-
ers have been worst affected.
perjudicar vt to adversely affect.
perjudicial adj harmful.
perjuicio nm (material) damage; (econ-
mico) loss.
perjurio nm perjury.
perla nf 1 pearl. 2 fig gem.
permanecer vi to stay, remain.
permanencia nf (estancia) stay.
permanente adj permanent, lasting.
permanganato nm permanganate.
permeabilidad nf permeability.
permeable adj permeable.
permisividad nf permissiveness.
permisivo,-a adj permissive.
permiso nm 1 permission. 2 (documen-
to) permit. 3 leave. c o m p permiso de
conducir driving licence, us driver's
licence.
permitir vt to allow, let: permiti que
sus hijas fueran al concierto he let his
daughters go to the concert.
P vpr permitirse to allow os, afford.
l o c me permite? may I?
permuta nf exchange.
permutacin nf permutation.
permutar vt 1 to exchange. 2 mat to
permute.
pernicioso,-a adj pernicious, harmful.
pernoctar vi to spend the night.
pero conj but.
perol nm cooking pot. P
peron nm fibula.
perorata nf spiel.
perxido nm peroxide. c o m p perxido
de hidrgeno hydrogen peroxide.
perpendicular adj perpendicular.
perpetrar vt to perpetrate, commit.
perpetuacin nf perpetuation.
perpetuar vt to perpetuate.
P vpr perpetuarse to be perpetuated.
perpetuidad nf perpetuity.
perpetuo,-a adj (gen) perpetual; (cargo)
permanent. c o m p nieves perpetuas
perpetual snows.
perplejidad nf perplexity.
perplejo,-a adj perplexed.
perrera 274
perrera nf (lugar) dog pound.
perro,-a nm perro zool dog. pe
comp
rro caliente hot dog. y perro pastor
sheepdog.
persecucin nf 1 pursuit. 2 (represin)
persecution.
perseguidor,-ora nm & nf pursuer.
perseguir vt 1 to pursue, chase. 2 fig
(seguir) to follow: este perro me persigue
this dog follows me everywhere.
perseverante adj persevering.
perseverar vi to persevere.
persiana nf blind.
persignarse vpr to cross os.
persistente adj persistent.
persistir vi (mantenerse firme) to persist,
persevere.
persona nf person. l o c en persona in
person.
personaje nm 1 (famoso) celebrity. 2 (en
obra, pelcula) character.
personal nm (de una empresa) staff.
personalidad nf (carcter) personality.
personalizar vt to personalize.
P vi to get personal.
personarse vpr to appear in person.
personificacin nf personification.
personificar vt to personify.
perspectiva nf 1 arte perspective. 2 (po-
sibilidad) prospect: este negocio presenta
muy buenas perspectivas this business has
good prospects. 3 (vista) view, perspec-
tive. 4 (punto de vista) point of view.
perspicacia nf sharpness.
perspicaz adj sharp, perspicacious.
persuadir vt to persuade, convince.
P vpr persuadirse to be convinced.
persuasin nf persuasion.
persuasivo,-a adj persuasive.
pertenecer vi to belong (a, to).
perteneciente adj belonging (a, to).
pertenencia nf 1 (propiedad) property:
esto es de mi pertenencia this belongs to
me. 2 (afiliacin) membership.
P nf pl pertenencias (bienes) belongings.
prtiga nf pole. c o m p salto de prtiga
pole vault.
pertinaz adj 1 (sequa, fro) prolonged,
persistent. 2 (persona) obstinate.
pertinente adj 1 (oportuno) appropri-
ate. 2 (relevante) pertinent, relevant.
pertrechar vt to supply (de, with).
P vpr pertrecharse to equip os.
pertrechos nm pl equipment sing.
perturbacin nf disruption.
perturbado,-a adj 1 (trastornado) men-
tally disturbed. 2 (intranquilo) per-
turbed.
perturbar vt 1 (alterar) to disturb, per-
turb. 2 (inquietar) to perturb.
Per nm Peru.
peruano,-a adj Peruvian.
P nm & nf Peruvian.
perversidad nf (maldad) wickedness.
perversin nf (maldad) wickedness.
perverso,-a adj (malvado) evil, wicked.
P nm & nf evil person.
pervertir vt (gen) to corrupt.
pervivencia nf survival.
pervivir vi to live on, persist.
pesa nf weight.
pesadez nf 1 (lentitud) sluggishness.
2 (molestia) bore.
pesadilla nf nightmare.
pesado,-a adj 1 (gen) heavy. 2 (molesto)
tiresome; (aburrido) boring.
P nm & nf (persona) bore, pain. l o c po
nerse pesado,-a to get boring.
pesadumbre nf sorrow, grief.
psame nm condolences pl. l o c dar el
psame to offer your condolences.
pesar vi 1 to weigh: cunto pesas? how
much do you weigh? 2 (tener mucho peso)
to be heavy. 3 (sentir) to be sorry, re-
gret: me pesa mucho no haberle invitado
I really regret not having invited him.
P vt to weigh.
P nm (pena) sorrow, grief. l o c a pesar
de despite, in spite of.
pesca nf (actividad) fishing.
pescadera nf fishmonger's.
pescadero,-a nm & nf fishmonger.
pescadilla nf young hake.
pescado nm fish. c o m p pescado azul
blue fish. y pescado blanco white fish.
 275
pescador nm & nf fisherman.
pescar vi (ir a pescar) to fish, go fishing.
loc ir a pescar to go fishing.
P vt 1 (sacar del agua) to get, catch. 2 fam
(agarrar) catch: he pescado un buen res
friado I've caught a really nasty cold.
pescuezo nm neck.
pesebre nm manger, stall.
pesimismo nm pessimism.
pesimista adj pessimistic.
P nm o nf pessimist.
psimo,-a adj dreadful, awful.
peso nm 1 (gen) weight. 2 (balanza)
scales pl. 3 (carga) load, burden. l o c
de peso 1 (pesado) heavy. 2 (importante)
important. 3 (convincente) strong,
powerful.
pespunte nm backstitch.
pesquero,-a nm fishing boat.
pesquisa nf inquiry.
pestaa nf (del ojo) eyelash.
pestaear vi to blink.
peste nf (mal olor) stink, stench.
pesticida nm pesticide.
pestilente adj (apestoso) stinking.
pestillo nm bolt. l o c cerrar con pestillo
to bolt.
ptalo nm petal.
petanca nf petanque, boules.
petardo nm (de verbena) firecracker.
petate nm (de soldado, marinero) kit bag.
peticin nf 1 (gen) request. 2 plea.
petirrojo nm robin.
peto nm (pantaln) pair of dungarees.
ptreo,-a adj stony.
petrificar vt (fosilizar) to petrify.
petrleo nm oil.
petrolero,-a adj oil.
P nm petrolero oil tanker.
petrolfero,-a adj oil-bearing.
petroqumica nf petrochemistry.
petroqumico,-a adj petrochemical.
petulancia nf vanity.
petulante adj vain.
petunia nf petunia.
peyorativo,-a adj pejorative.
pez nm fish.
picazn
pezn nm nipple.
pezua nf hoof.
piadoso,-a adj pious, devout.
pianista nm o nf pianist.
piano nm piano.
pianola nf Pianola.
piar vi to chirp, tweet.
piara nf herd of pigs.
pica nf 1 (lanza) pike. 2 (de la baraja)
spade.
picada nf (picadura - de avispa) sting; (- de
mosquito) bite.
picadero nm (escuela) riding school.
picadillo nm (de carne) minced meat;
(de verduras) chopped vegetables.
picado,-a adj 1 culin (cortado - verdura)
finely chopped; (- carne) minced. 2
(diente) decayed. 3 fam (ofendido) of-
fended. 4 fam (que no le gusta perder)
bad sports.
picador nm (minero) face worker.
picadora nf mincer.
picadura nf (de insecto, serpiente) bite; (de
abeja, avispa) sting.
picante adj 1 (comida) hot. 2 fig (chiste)
spicy.
picapedrero nm stonecutter.
picaporte nm 1 (para llamar) door
knocker. 2 (para abrir) door handle.
picar vt 1 (morder - insecto) to bite; (- abe-
ja, avispa) to sting. 2 (perforar - papel,
tarjeta) to punch. 3 (dar con un pico) to
jab, goad. 4 culin (cortar) to chop
finely; (carne) to mince. 5 (comida) to
P
nibble: vamos a salir a picar algo we're
going to get a bite to eat.
P vi 1 (sentir escozor) to itch: me pica todo
el cuerpo I'm itching all over. 2 (estar pi-
cante) to be hot. 3 (pez) to bite; (perso-
na) to fall for it. 4 (comer) to have a
nibble.
P vpr picarse 1 (muela) to decay, go
bad. 2 (mar) to get choppy. 3 (ofender-
se) to take offence.
picarda nf (astucia) craftiness.
picaresco,-a nf picaresque genre.
pcaro,-a adj (astuto) crafty, sly.
P nm & nf (persona astuta) slyboots.
picazn nf (picor) itch.
 pichichi
pichichi nm (goleador) top goal scorer.
pichn,-ona nm & nf pigeon.
pico nm 1 (de ave) beak. 2 (herramienta)
pickaxe, pick. 3 (de montaa) peak. 4
(punta) corner. l o c y pico (cantidad): lle
garemos sobre las seis y pico we'll be there
just after six.
picor nm itch.
picotazo nm 1 (de ave) peck. 2 (de insecto,
reptil) bite; (de abeja, avispa) sting.
picotear vt to peck, peck at.
picoteo nm 1 (de ave) pecking. 2 (accin
de comer) nibbling, snacking.
pictrico,-a adj pictorial.
picudo,-a adj pointed.
pie nm 1 anat foot. 2 (base - de una lm-
para) base; (- de una escultura) plinth. 3
(medida de longitud) foot. l o c a pie on
foot. y ponerse de pie to get to one's
feet, stand up.
piedad nf (misericordia) pity, mercy.
piedra nf stone. c o m p piedra preciosa
gem, precious stone.
piel nf 1 (de persona) skin. 2 (de la fruta,
patatas) peel.
pienso nm fodder.
pierna nf leg.
pieza nf 1 (gen) piece; (de un aparato)
part. 2 ms piece, piece of music. 3
teat play. 4 (de un juego de tablero) piece.
pigmentacin nf pigmentation.
pigmento nm pigment.
pigmeo,-a adj (raza) Pygmy.
P nm & nf (raza) Pygmy.
pijama nm pyjamas (us pajamas) pl.
pila nf 1 elec battery. 2 (de fregar) sink.
3 fam (montn) pile, heap: tengo una pila
de cosas que hacer I've got piles of work
to do. l o c ponerse las pilas fam to get
one's act together.
pilar nm pillar.
pilastra nf pilaster.
pldora nf pill, tablet.
pileta nf am swimming pool.
pillaje nm looting.
pillar vt 1 (coger) to catch. 2 fam (robar)
to nick. 3 fam (atropellar) to run over.
4 fam (entender) to catch, get, grasp.
276
P vi fam (encontrarse) to be: me pilla muy
cerca de casa it's very near home.
pillo,-a nm & nf (nio) little monkey,
little devil.
piln nm (de una fuente) basin.
ploro nm pylorus.
pilotar vt (avin) to pilot, fly; (coche) to
drive; (barco) to sail.
pilote nm pile.
piloto nm (conductor - de avin) pilot; (- de
coche) driver; (- de barco) pilot.
pimentero nm 1 (recipiente) pepper pot.
2 (planta) pepper plant.
pimentn nm paprika. c o m p pimentn
picante cayenne pepper.
pimienta nf (especia) pepper.
pimiento nm (gen) pepper; (rojo) red
pepper; (verde) green pepper.
pinacoteca nf art gallery.
pinculo nm pinnacle.
pinar nm pine grove.
pincel nm paintbrush.
pincelada nf brush stroke.
pinchadiscos nm o nf disc jockey, DJ.
pinchar vt 1 (punzar) to prick. 2 med (po-
ner inyeccin) to give a injection. 3 (suje-
tar) to spear, jab. 4 (enfadar) to needle.
pinchazo nm 1 (de neumtico) puncture.
2 (inyeccin) injection, jab, us shot.
pinche nm & nf (de cocina) kitchen assis-
tant.
pincho nm 1 (de una planta) thorn. 2 (de
un erizo) spine, prickle. 3 (de aperitivo)
snack. 4 (brocheta) skewer. c o m p pin
cho moruno shish kebab.
pineda nf pine grove.
pingo nm fam (de ropa) rag.
ping-pong nm table tennis, ping-pong.
pinge adj substantial.
pingino nm penguin.
pino nm (rbol) pine tree; (madera) pine.
pinta nf 1 (mancha) dot. 2 (medida) pint.
3 fam (aspecto) look.
pintada nf graffiti.
pintado,-a adj (maquillado) made-up.
pintalabios nm inv lipstick.
pintar vt 1 (gen) to paint; (dibujar) to
draw. 2 (maquillar) to make up.
P vi 1 (gen) to paint. 2 (marcar) to write.
 277
P vpr pintarse (maquillarse) to put one's
make up on.
pintarrajear vt fam to daub.
pintarrajo nm fam daub.
pintaas nm inv nail varnish.
pinto,-a adj spotted.
pintor,-ra nm & nf artist, painter.
pintoresco,-a adj 1 (lugar) pictur-
esque. 2 (persona) bizarre.
pintura nf 1 (arte) painting. 2 (producto)
paint: un bote de pintura a tin of paint.
pinza nf 1 (de cangrejo) pincer. 2 (de la ro-
pa) clothes peg.
P nf pl pinzas 1 (de depilar) tweezers. 2
(de servir hielo) tongs.
pinzamiento nm trapped nerve.
pinzn nm finch.
pia nf 1 (fruta) pineapple. 2 (del pino)
pine cone.
piata nf hollow figure filled with sweets (which
children try to break open at parties).
pin nm (comestible) pine nut kernel.
po nm chirp.
po,-a adj pious.
piojo nm louse.
piolet nm ice axe (us ax).
pionero,-a nm & nf pioneer.
pipa1 nf (de tabaco) pipe.
pipa2 nf (de girasol) sunflower seed.
pipeta nf pipette.
pique nm (rivalidad) rivalry, needle.
piqueta nf pickaxe.
piquete nm (de huelga) picket.
pira nf pyre.
pirado,-a adj fam (loco) loony, wacky.
piragua nf canoe.
piragismo nm canoeing.
piragista nm o nf canoeist.
piramidal adj pyramidal.
pirmide nf pyramid.
piraa nf piranha.
pirata adj pirate.
P nm o nf (de la informtica) hacker.
piratear vt 1 (gen) to pirate. 2 (informti-
ca) to hack.
piratera nf (gen) piracy.
pirita nf pyrite.
pirmano,-a nm & nf pyromaniac.
pitillo
piropear vt to make flirtatious com-
ments to.
piropo nm compliment.
pirotecnia nf fireworks pl.
pirotcnico,-a adj pyrotechnic.
P nm & nf fireworks expert.
pirueta nf pirouette.
piruleta nf lollipop.
pirul nm fam (de caramelo) lollipop.
pisada nf (huella) footprint.
pisapapeles nm inv paperweight.
pisar vt 1 (gen) to tread on. 2 (acelerador,
embrague) to put one's foot on. 3 fig
(entrar) to set foot in.
P vi to tread, walk, step: no pises muy
fuerte que nos oyen los vecinos tread more
quietly, the neighbours will hear us.
piscifactora nf fish farm.
piscina nf swimming pool.
piso nm 1 (para sentarse) stool. 2 (planta)
floor.
pisotear vt (pisar) to trample.
pisotn nm stamp.
pista nf 1 (rastro) trail, track. 2 (indicio)
clue. 3 (de baile) dance floor. 4 (camino)
track. 5 (de tenis) court. 6 (de circo) ring.
7 (de aterrizaje) runway. c o m p pista de
esqu ski slope.
pistachero nm pistachio tree.
pistacho nm pistachio (nut).
pistilo nm pistil.
pistola nf gun.
pistolera nf holster. P
pistolero nm gunman.
pistoletazo nm gunshot.
pistn nm (de un motor) piston.
pita nf bot pita.
pitada nf 1 (bocinazo) hoot. 2 (pitido)
whistle.
pitar vi 1 (silbar) to blow a whistle. 2
(tocar la bocina) to hoot. 3 (abuchear) to
boo and hiss. l o c ir/irse pitando fam
to rush out, dash off.
P vt dep (falta) to whistle.
pitido nm 1 (silbido) whistle. 2 (bocinazo)
hoot, honk.
pitillera nf cigarette case.
pitillo nm cigarette.
 pito
pito nm (silbato) whistle.
pitn1 nf zool python.
pitn2 nm (del toro) horn.
pitonisa nf fortune teller.
pitorro nm spout.
pituitaria nf pituitary (gland).
pvot nm o nf centre.
pivotar vi to pivot.
pivote nm pivot.
pizarra nf 1 (mineral) slate. 2 (para escri-
bir) blackboard.
pizca nf fam (gen) bit; (de sal) pinch.
pizza nf pizza.
pizzera nf pizzeria, pizza parlour.
placa nf 1 (de metal) sheet. 2 (con el nom-
bre) plaque. 3 (de matrcula) number
plate. 4 (de hielo) sheet.
placaje nm tackle.
placar vt (en rugby) to tackle.
placebo nm placebo.
placenta nf placenta.
placentero,-a adj pleasant.
placer nm pleasure.
P vi to please: haz lo que te plazca do as
you please.
placidez nf placidity.
plcido,-a adj placid, calm.
plafn nm (lmpara de techo) ceiling light.
plaga nf 1 (epidemia) plague. 2 (de insec-
tos) plague, pest. 3 fig invasion.
plagar vt to plague, infest.
plagiar vt to plagiarize.
plagio nm plagiarism.
plaguicida nm pesticide.
plan nm 1 (intencin) plan. 2 (programa)
project.
plana nf (pgina) page: la noticia viene en pri
mera plana the news is on the front page.
plancha nf 1 (de metal) plate. 2 (electrodo-
mstico) iron. l o c a la plancha grilled.
planchado,-a nm (accin) ironing.
planchar vt to iron, press.
planchista nm o nf panel beater.
plancton nm plankton.
planeador nm glider.
planear vt (futuro, idea) to plan.
P vi (en el aire) to glide.
278
planeo nm gliding, glide.
planeta nm planet.
planetario,-a adj planetary.
P nm planetario planetarium.
planicie nf plain.
planificacin nf planning.
planificador,-ra adj planning.
P nm & nf planner.
planificar vt to plan.
plano,-a adj (superficie) flat.
P nm plano 1 (de una ciudad) street
plan, map. 2 (de una casa) plan. 3 (nivel)
level. 4 mat plane.
planta nf 1 bot plant. 2 (del pie) sole. 3
(de un edificio) floor. c o m p planta baja
ground floor, us first floor.
plantacin nf 1 (terreno) plantation. 2
(accin) planting.
plantar vt 1 agr to plant. 2 (colocar -
gen) to put, place; (- tienda de campaa)
to pitch, put up.
P vpr plantarse fam (colocarse) to place
os, position os: se plant en la esquina
she positioned herself on the corner.
plante nm (laboral) protest action.
planteamiento nm 1 mat (formulacin -
de un problema) formulation.
plantear vt 1 (pregunta) to pose, raise.
2 (problema) to cause. 3 mat (problema)
to formulate.
P vpr plantearse to consider.
plantel nm cadre.
plantilla nf 1 (patrn) model, pattern.
2 (personal) staff.
plantn l o c darle plantn a algn fam
(no presentarse) to stand sb up.
plaidero,-a adj plaintive, mournful.
plair vi to mourn.
plaqueta nf (de sangre) platelet.
plasma nm plasma.
plasmar vt fig to give expression to.
plastelina nf Plasticine.
plstica nf plastic arts pl.
plasticidad nf plasticity.
plstico,-a adj plastic.
P nm plstico (material) plastic.
plastificado,-a adj laminated.
plastificar vt to laminate.
 279
plastilina nf Plasticine.
plata nf silver.
plataforma nf platform. c o m p plata
forma petrolfera oil rig.
platanal nm banana plantation.
platanero,-a nm banana tree.
pltano nm banana.
platea nf stalls pl.
plateado,-a adj (color) silvery.
platear vt to silver-plate.
plateresco,-a adj plateresque.
platera nf (taller) silversmith's.
platero,-a nm & nf silversmith.
pltica nf talk.
platicar vi to chat, talk.
platillo nm 1 (de postre) dessert plate;
(de caf) saucer. comp platillo volante
flying saucer.
platina nf ms pletina.
platino nm platinum.
plato nm 1 (recipiente) plate, dish. 2 culin
dish. 3 (en comida) course: de primer plato
hay sopa we've got soup for starters.
plat nm (de cine) set, film set; (de televi-
sin) floor.
platnico,-a adj platonic.
plausible adj (probable) plausible.
playa nf 1 (superficie de arena) beach. 2
(costa) seaside.
playeras nf pl canvas shoes.
plaza nf 1 (de una poblacin) square.
2 (mercado) marketplace. 3 (puesto de
trabajo) position. c o m p plaza de parking
parking space.
plazo nm 1 (periodo de tiempo) time. 2 (de
compra) instalment, us installment.
l o c comprar algo a plazos to buy sth
on hire purchase, us buy sth on an
installment plan.
plazoleta nf small square.
pleamar nf high tide.
plebe nf (gen) common people.
plebeyo,-a nm & nf plebeian.
plebiscito nm plebiscite.
plegable adj folding, collapsible.
plegamiento nm folding.
plegar vt to fold.
P vpr plegarse to yield, give in.
pluscuamperfecto
plegaria nf prayer.
pleitear vi to sue.
pleito nm litigation, lawsuit.
plenamente adv fully.
plenario,-a adj plenary.
plenilunio nm full moon.
plenitud nf (sensacin fsica) fullness.
pleno,-a adj (gen) full, complete: en
pleno centro de la ciudad right in the cen-
tre of the city.
pleonasmo nm pleonasm.
pletina nf deck, cassette deck.
pletrico,-a adj full. l o c pletrico de
alegra jubilant, euphoric.
pleura nf pleura.
plexigls nm Perspex.
plexo nm plexus.
pliego nm (papel) sheet of paper.
pliegue nm 1 fold. 2 (en la ropa) pleat.
plinto nm (en gimnasia) vaulting horse.
plisado,-a adj pleated.
plomada nf 1 (de albail) plumb line. 2
(sonda) lead. 3 (para pescar) weights pl.
plomazo nm o nf fam bore.
plomizo,-a adj (color) lead-coloured.
plomo nm 1 lead. 2 (pesa) lead weight.
3 elec fuse. 4 fam fig bore. l o c sin
plomo (gasolina) unleaded, lead-free.
pluma nf 1 (de ave) feather. 2 (de escribir)
fountain pen.
plumaje nm (de ave) plumage.
plumero nm (para el polvo) feather
duster. P
plumilla nf nib.
plumn nm 1 (de un ave) down. 2 (ano-
rak) down-filled anorak. 3 (de cama)
eiderdown.
plural adj plural.
P nm plural.
pluralidad nf (gen) multiplicity; (diver-
sidad) diversity.
pluralismo nm pluralism.
pluralista adj pluralist.
pluralizar vt ling to pluralize.
P vi (generalizar) to generalize.
pluriempleo nm having more than one job.
plurilinge adj multilingual.
pluscuamperfecto nm pluperfect.
 plusmarca
plusmarca nf record.
plusmarquista nm o nf record holder.
plusvala nf 1 (aumento) appreciation.
2 (impuesto) capital gains tax.
plutocracia nf plutocracy.
Plutn nm Pluto.
plutonio nm plutonium.
pluvial adj rain, pluvial.
pluvimetro nm rain gauge.
pluviosidad nf rainfall.
poblacin nf 1 (nmero de habitantes) pop-
ulation. 2 (lugar - ciudad) town; (- pueblo)
village.
poblado,-a adj (zona) populated.
poblamiento nm settlement.
poblar vt 1 (ocupar territorio) to settle. 2
(habitar) to inhabit. 3 (llenar) to fill: han
poblado de rboles el campo they've plant-
ed the field with trees.
pobre adj 1 (gen) poor. 2 (infeliz) poor.
P nm o nf 1 (con poco dinero) poor person;
(mendigo) beggar. 2 (infeliz) poor thing:
la pobre se cree que le van a devolver el dine
ro the poor thing thinks she is going to
get her money back.
pobreza nf (escasez de dinero) poverty.
pocilga nf pigsty.
pcima nf (preparado) potion.
pocin nf potion.
poco,-a adj little; (plural) few, not
many: hago muy poco ejercicio ltimamen
te I do very little exercise these days. l o c
hace poco not long ago. y poco antes
shortly before. y poco despus shortly
afterwards. y por poco nearly.
P pron poco little; (en plural) not many:
lo poco que aprend se me ha olvidado what
little I learned I've forgotten.
P adv little, not much: voy poco por all I
rarely go there.
P nm un poco a little, a bit: me das un
poco? could you give me a little?
poda nf pruning.
podadera nf pruning shears pl.
podar vt to prune.
podenco nm hound.
poder vt 1 (de facultad) can, be able to:
puedes echarme una mano? can you lend
me a hand?; no pude abrirlo I couldn't
280
open it, I was unable to open it. 2 (de per-
miso) may, can: pueden pagar en efectivo o
con tarjeta you can pay in cash or by
credit card; puede retirarse you may leave.
3 (conjetura) may, might: podra haberlo
dejado sobre la mesa I may have left it on
the table. 4 (sugerencias) can: podramos ir
a esquiar we could go skiing. l o c puede
que maybe, perhaps: puede que venga
ms tarde she may come later.
P vi (superar) to be stronger than: t
puedes a todos you can beat all of them.
P nm 1 (gen) power. 2 (posesin) posses-
sion, hands pl: la pelota est ahora en mi
poder the ball is now in my hands.
podero nm (autoridad) power.
poderoso,-a adj powerful.
podio nm podium.
podlogo,-a nm & nf chiropodist.
podredumbre nf rottenness.
podrido,-a adj 1 rotten. 2 fig corrupt.
poema nm poem.
poesa nf 1 poetry. 2 (poema) poem.
poeta nm o nf poet.
potico,-a adj poetic.
poetisa nf poetess.
polaco,-a adj Polish.
P nm & nf (persona) Pole.
P nm polaco (idioma) Polish.
polar adj polar. c o m p estrella polar Pole
Star, Polaris.
polaridad nf polarity.
polarizar vt 1 fs to polarize. 2 (aten-
cin) to focus.
polaroid nf Polaroid.
polea nf pulley.
polmica nf controversy.
polmico,-a adj controversial.
polemizar vi to debate.
polen nm pollen.
poleo nm 1 (planta) pennyroyal. 2 (infu-
sin) mint tea.
polica nf police, police force.
P nm o nf (gen) police officer; (hombre)
policeman; (mujer) policewoman.
policaco,-a adj detective.
policial adj police.
policroma nf polychromy.
 281
policromo,-a adj polychrome.
polideportivo nm sports centre.
poliedro nm polyhedron.
polister nm polyester.
poliestireno nm polystyrene.
polietileno nm polythene.
polifactico,-a adj versatile.
polifnico,-a adj polyphonic.
poligamia nf polygamy.
polgamo,-a adj polygamous.
P nm & nf polygamist.
polgloto,-a adj polyglot.
P nm & nf polyglot.
poligonal adj polygonal.
polgono nm 1 (figura) polygon. 2 (gen)
area. c o m p polgono industrial indus-
trial estate.
polgrafo,-a nm & nf polygraph.
poliinsaturado,-a adj polyunsaturated.
polilla nf moth.
polmero nm polymer.
polimorfo,-a adj polymorphic.
polinizacin nf pollination.
polinizar vt to pollinate.
polinomio nm polynomial.
poliomielitis nf inv poliomyelitis.
polisemia nf polysemy.
polismico,-a adj polysemous.
polislabo,-a adj polysyllabic.
politcnico,-a adj (gen) polytechnic.
P nm politcnico (instituto) technical
college.
politesmo nm polytheism.
politesta adj polytheistic.
P nm o nf polytheist.
poltica nf politics.
poltico,-a adj 1 political. 2 (por matri-
monio) -in-law: madre poltica mother-
in-law; padre poltico father-in-law.
P nm & nf politician.
politizar vt to politicize.
poliuretano nm polyurethane.
polivalente adj fig (verstil) versatile.
polivinilo nm polyvinyl.
pliza nf 1 (de seguros) policy. 2 (sello)
official tax stamp.
polizn nm stowaway.
poner
pollera nf am skirt.
pollera nf (tienda) poultry shop; (sec-
cin de supermercado) poultry section.
pollino,-a nm & nf zool donkey.
pollo nm chicken.
polluelo nm chick.
polo nm 1 tc pole. 2 (caramelo) ice lol-
ly. 3 dep polo. c o m p Polo Norte North
Pole. y Polo Sur South Pole.
Polonia nf Poland.
poltrona nf easy chair.
poltrn,-ona adj lazy.
polucin nf (atmosfrica) pollution.
polucionar vt to pollute.
polvareda nf (de polvo) cloud of dust.
polvera nf (powder) compact.
polvo nm 1 (suciedad) dust. 2 (medicamento,
etc) powder. l o c en polvo 1 (leche, cacao)
powdered. 2 (nieve) powdery. c o m p
polvos de talco talcum powder sing.
plvora nf gunpowder.
polvoriento,-a adj dusty.
pomada nf cream.
pomelo nm (fruto) grapefruit; (rbol)
grapefruit tree.
pmez nf pumice stone.
pomo nm (de puerta) knob.
pompa nf 1 (de jabn, chicle) bubble. 2
(ostentacin) pomp. c o m p pompas de ja
bn soap bubbles.
pomposo,-a adj pompous.
pmulo nm 1 (hueso) cheekbone. 2 (me-
jilla) cheek. P
ponche nm punch.
ponderado,-a adj (prudente) measured.
ponderar vt 1 (sopesar) to ponder, con-
sider, think over, weigh up. 2 (ala-
bar) to praise highly.
ponedero nm nest box.
ponedora adj (gallina) laying.
ponencia nf (acadmica) paper; (parla-
mentaria) address, speech.
ponente nm o nf speaker.
poner vt 1 (gen) to place, put, set. 2
(prenda) to put on: me pondr el pantaln
negro I'll put my black trousers on, I'll
wear my black trousers. 3 (encender) to
turn on, put on: puso la radio she put
 poniente
the radio on. 4 (programar) to set: he
puesto el despertador a las siete I've set the
alarm clock for seven. 5 (escribir) to put,
write: pon tu nombre aqu put your
name here. 6 (decir) to say: qu pone ese
letrero? what does that sign say? 7 (en ci-
ne, televisin) to show: lo ponen maana
a las tres it's on tomorrow at three
o'clock. 8 (dar nombre) to name, call: le
pusieron Laura they called her Laura. 9
(dinero) to put in: pusimos veinte euros ca
da uno we put in twenty euros each. 10
(telegrama, fax) to send; (nota) to leave.
11 (deber, multa) to give: nos han puesto
deberes para las vacaciones they've given
us homework for the holidays. 12 po
ner + adj to make, turn: la has puesto
triste you've made her sad.
P vpr ponerse 1 (sol) to set. 2 (volverse)
to become, get, turn: se puso muy con
tenta con la noticia the news made her
very happy. 3 (contestar al telfono) to an-
swer the phone; (hablar por telfono) to
come to the phone: en este momento
no se puede poner he can't come to the
phone right now. 4 ponerse a + inf to
start + to + inf/-ing: se puso a cantar he
started to sing, he started singing.
poniente nm (direccin) west.
pontificar vi to pontificate.
pontfice nm pope, pontiff.
pontn nm pontoon.
ponzoa nf venom.
ponzooso,-a adj venomous.
popa nf stern.
populacho nm mob, masses pl.
popular adj 1 (del pueblo) traditional. 2
(muy conocido) popular.
popularizar vt to popularize.
populista adj populist.
populoso,-a adj populous.
popurr nm potpourri.
pquer nm poker.
por prep 1 (gen) for: lo hice por ti I did it
for you. 2 (a travs de) through, by: ire
mos por la autopista we'll go on the mo-
torway. 3 (calle, carretera) along, down,
up: bamos por la calle cuando we were
walking along the street when 4 (lugar
aproximado) in, near, round: est por
282
aqu it's somewhere round here. 5 (cau-
sa) because of: suspendieron el concierto
por la lluvia they cancelled the concert
because of the rain. 6 (tiempo) at, for:
nos veremos por vacaciones I'll see you
during the holidays. 7 (medio) by: lleg
por correo it arrived by post. 8 (autora)
by: fue escrito por Azorn it was written
by Azorn. 9 (distribucin) per: cinco por
ciento five per cent. 10 (tras) by: les inte
rrog uno por uno he interrogated each
one in turn. 11 (con pasiva) by: fue com
prado por la reina it was bought by the
queen. 12 (en calidad de) as: la tom por
esposa he took her as his wife. 13 (en lu-
gar de) instead of, in the place of: ve
t por mi you go in my place. 14 (multi-
plicado por) times, multiplied by: tres
por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve,
three times four is twelve. l o c estar por
+ inf (a punto de) to be on the point of
+ -ing. y por ms que + subj however
much, no matter how much. y por
mucho que + subj however much, no
matter how much.
porcelana nf china, porcelain: una
porcelana a piece of china.
porcentaje nm percentage.
porcentual adj percentage.
porche nm veranda(h), us porch.
porcino,-a adj porcine. c o m p ganado
porcino pigs pl, us hogs pl.
porcin nf (gen) portion, part.
pordiosero,-a nm & nf beggar.
porfiar vi (insistir) to insist (en, on).
pormenor nm detail. l o c al pormenor
retail.
pormenorizar vt to detail.
poro nm pore.
poroso,-a adj porous.
porque conj 1 (de causa) because: no voy
porque no quiero I'm not going because I
don't want to. 2 (de finalidad) in order
that, so that.
porqu nm cause, reason: nunca sabre
mos el porqu we'll never know why.
porquera nf (suciedad) dirt, filth.
porqueriza nf pigsty.

porra nf (de polica) truncheon. loc
mandar a la porra a algn fam to tell sb
to get lost, send sb packing.
porrazo nm (con bastn) blow; (al caer)
bump, knock.
porrn nm typical glass drinking vessel with a
thin spout used for pouring wine into the mouth.
portaaviones nm inv aircraft carrier.
portada nf (de revista, peridico) front
page; (de libro) title page.
portador,-ra adj carrying.
P nm & nf (de un virus) carrier.
portaequipajes nm inv 1 (de un coche -
maletero) boot, us trunk; (- en el techo)
roof rack. 2 (de un tren) luggage rack.
portafolios nm inv 1 portfolio, folder.
2 (maletn) briefcase.
portal nm (entrada de edificio) hallway.
portalmparas nm bulbholder.
portaminas nm inv propelling pencil.
portamonedas nm inv purse.
portar vt to carry.
P vpr portarse to behave. l o c portarse
bien to be good, behave os.
porttil adj portable.
portavoz nm o nf (gen) spokesperson.
portazo nm bang, slam (of a door).
porte nm (transporte) carriage, freight.
c o m p portes debidos carriage due.
porteador,-ra nm & nf porter.
portentoso,-a adj prodigious.
portera nf 1 (de un edificio) porter's
lodge. 2 dep goal.
portero,-a nm & nf 1 (de un edificio) por-
ter. 2 dep goalkeeper. c o m p portero
automtico entryphone.
prtico nm portico.
portillo nm breach.
portn nm large door.
Portugal nm Portugal.
portugus,-esa adj Portuguese.
P nm & nf (persona) Portuguese.
P nm portugus (idioma) Portuguese.
porvenir nm future.
pos l o c en pos de after, in pursuit of.
posada nf inn.
posar vi (para foto, etc) to pose.
P vt (colocar) to rest.
283 postura
Pvpr posarse 1 (pjaro) to alight,
perch, sit. 2 (sedimento) to settle.
posavasos nm inv coaster.
posdata nf postscript.
pose nf (postura) pose.
poseedor,-ra nm & nf owner.
poseer vt 1 (propiedad) to own. 2 (conoci-
mientos, talento, etc) to have.
posesin nf possession. l o c tomar po
sesin (de un cargo) to take up.
posesivo,-a adj possessive.
poseso,-a nm & nf possessed person.
posguerra nf postwar period.
posibilidad nf possibility.
posible adj possible. l o c hacer todo lo
posible to do one's best.
posicin nf (postura, situacin) position.
positivo,-a adj positive.
poso nm 1 (del caf) dregs pl. 2 fig trace.
posologa nf dosage.
posparto nm postpartum.
posponer vt (en el tiempo) to postpone.
posta nf (de caballos) change of horses.
l o c a posta on purpose.
postal nf postcard.
poste nm post.
pster nm poster.
postergar vt (retrasar) to postpone.
posteridad nf posterity.
posterior adj 1 (en el espacio) back, rear:
en la parte posterior del edificio at the back
of the building. 2 (en el tiempo) later.
posteriori l o c a posteriori a posteriori.
P
postgrado nm postgraduate course.
postgraduado,-a nm & nf postgradu-
ate student.
postigo nm (de ventana) shutter.
postilla nf scab.
postizo,-a adj false.
postor,-ra nm & nf bidder.
postrar vt to prostrate.
P vpr postrarse to prostrate os.
postre nm dessert.
postular vt (defender) to postulate.
pstumo,-a adj posthumous.
postura nf 1 (de un cuerpo) posture, po-
sition. 2 (actitud) attitude.
 potable
potable adj drinkable.
potaje nm culin hotpot.
potasio nm potassium.
pote nm (vasija) pot.
potencia nf 1 (capacidad) power: este
coche tiene mucha potencia this car is very
powerful. 2 (pas) power. 3 (en matem-
tica) power: elevamos seis a la tercera po
tencia we raise six to the power of three.
potencial adj potential.
P nm 1 potential. 2 ling conditional
tense.
potenciar vt to strengthen.
potentado,-a nm tycoon, potentate.
potente adj powerful.
potestad nf power.
potestativo,-a adj optional.
potingue nm fam (crema) face cream.
potrero nm (lugar) paddock.
potro,-a nm & nf zool (macho) colt.
poza nf (en un ro) pool.
pozo nm (de agua, petrleo) well.
prctica nf practice.
P nf plprcticas practical sing. l o c en la
prctica in practice.
practicable adj (realizable) feasible.
practicante nm o nf (persona) nurse.
practicar vt 1 (gen) to practise (us prac-
tice). 2 (hacer) to make; (deporte) to play.
P vi to practise (us practice).
prctico,-a adj 1 (gen) practical. 2 (h-
bil) skilful (us skillful).
pradera nf prairie, grassland.
prado nf meadow.
pragmtico,-a adj pragmatic.
pragmatismo nm pragmatism.
prembulo nm preamble.
preaviso nm notice.
precalentamiento nm dep warming up.
precalentar vt to pre-heat.
precariedad nf precariousness.
precario,-a adj precarious.
precaucin nf precaution.
precavido,-a adj cautious.
precedente adj preceding.
P nm precedent.
preceder vt to precede.
preceptiva nf precepts pl.
284
preceptivo,-a adj compulsory.
precepto nm precept.
preceptor,-ra nm & nf educ tutor.
preciado,-a adj precious.
preciarse vpr to be proud (de, of).
precintar vt to seal.
precinto nm seal.
precio nm 1 (coste) price. 2 fig (valor) value.
preciosidad nf (belleza) loveliness.
precioso,-a adj (bello) beautiful.
precipicio nm cliff, precipice.
precipitacin nf 1 (prisa) rush, haste.
2 meteor precipitation, rainfall.
precipitado,-a adj (apresurado) hasty.
precipitar vt 1 (apresurar) to rush. 2
to precipitate.
qum
vpr precipitarse 1 (apresurarse) to
P
rush, be hasty. 2 (caer) to fall.
precisar vt 1 to say exactly. 2 (necesitar)
to need.
precisin nf precision, accuracy.
preciso,-a adj 1 precise. 2 (necesario)
necessary.
precocinado,-a adj precooked.
preconcebido,-a adj preconceived.
preconizar vt to advocate.
precoz adj 1 (persona) precocious. 2 (co-
secha) early. 3 (diagnstico) early.
precursor,-ra nm & nf precursor.
predador,-ra adj predatory.
predecesor,-ra nm & nf predecessor.
predecir vt to predict.
predestinado,-a adj predestined.
predestinar vt to predestine.
predeterminar vt to predetermine.
prdica nf sermon.
predicacin nf preaching.
predicado nm predicate.
predicador,-ra nm & nf preacher.
predicar vt to preach.
predicativo,-a adj predicative.
prediccin nf prediction.
predileccin nf predilection.
predilecto,-a adj favourite.
predisponer vt to predispose.
predisposicin nf predisposition.
predominante adj predominant.
 285
predominar vt to predominate.
predominio nm predominance.
preeminente adj pre-eminent.
preescolar adj (enseanza, edad, etapa)
preschool, nursery-school.
preestablecer vt to pre-establish.
preestablecido,-a adj pre-established.
preestreno nm preview.
prefabricado,-a adj prefabricated.
prefacio nm preface.
preferencia nf preference.
preferente adj preferential.
preferible adj preferable.
preferido,-a adj favourite ( us fa-
vorite).
preferir vt to prefer.
prefijo nm 1 ling prefix. 2 (telefnico) di-
alling code, us area code.
pregn nm (discurso de fiestas) opening
address.
pregonar vt (noticia) to announce,
make public.
pregonero nm town crier.
pregunta nf question. l o c hacer una
pregunta a algn to ask sb a question.
preguntar vt to ask.
P vpr preguntarse to wonder: me pre
gunto si vendr I wonder if he'll come.
preguntn,-ona adj fam inquisitive.
prehistoria nf prehistory.
prehistrico,-a adj prehistoric.
prejuicio nm prejudice.
prejuzgar vt to prejudge.
preliminar adj preliminary.
preludio nm prelude.
prematrimonial adj premarital.
prematuro,-a adj premature.
premeditacin nf premeditation.
premeditado,-a adj premeditated.
premeditar vt to premeditate.
premiado,-a adj prizewinning.
P nm & nf prizewinner.
premiar vt to award a prize to.
premio nm prize.
premisa nf premise.
premonicin nf premonition.
premonitorio,-a adj premonitory.
prescripcin
premura nf (prisa) urgency.
prenatal adj antenatal.
prenda nf 1 (de vestir) garment. 2 (en jue-
go) forfeit.
prendarse vpr to fall in love (de, with).
prendedor nm (broche) brooch; (alfiler)
pin.
prender vt 1 (sujetar) to attach; (con agu-
jas) to pin. 2 (encender - fuego) to light;
(- luz) to turn on.
P vi 1 (arraigar - planta, costumbre) to take
root. 2 (fuego, madera, etc) to catch
light, catch fire.
prensa nf 1 (mquina) press. 2 (peridicos)
papers pl.
prensar vt to press.
preado,-a adj pregnant.
prear vt (mujer) to make pregnant;
(animal) to impregnate.
preocupacin nf worry.
preocupado,-a adj worried.
preocupar vt to worry.
P vpr preocuparse 1 (sentir preocupacin)
to worry (por, about).
preparacin nf 1 (gen) preparation. 2
(fsica, deportiva) training.
preparado,-a adj ready, prepared.
preparador,-ra nm & nf dep coach.
preparar vt 1 to prepare, get ready:
voy a preparar el desayuno I'll get breakfast
ready. 2 dep (entrenar) to train, coach:
se est preparando para el maratn she's
training for the marathon. 3 (estudiar) to
revise for, work for.
P
preparativos nm pl arrangements.
preposicin nf preposition.
prepotencia nf (arrogancia) arrogance.
prepotente adj arrogant.
prerrogativa nf prerogative.
presa nf 1 (embalse) dam. 2 (accin) cap-
ture. c o m p ave de presa bird of prey.
presagiar vt to be a warning of.
presagio nm (seal) omen.
presbtero nm priest.
prescindir vi prescindir de (pasar sin) to
do without.
prescribir vt (recetar) to prescribe.
prescripcin nf prescription.
presencia
presencia nf (gen) presence.
presenciar vt (acontecimiento) to be pre-
sent at.
presentacin nf 1 (de un objeto, documen-
to, etc) presentation, showing: la pre
sentacin del carn es imprescindible para
entrar passes must be shown to allow
access. 2 (de personas) introduction.
presentador,-ra nm & nf presenter.
presentar vt 1 (gen) to present; (mostrar)
to show. 2 (entregar) to hand in. 3 (sacar
al mercado) to launch. 4 (personas) to in-
troduce: te han presentado ya? have you
been introduced yet? 5 tv to present.
P vpr presentarse 1 (comparecer) to turn
up. 2 (para eleccin) to stand.
presente adj present.
P nm 1 (tiempo) present. 2 ling present
tense. 3 (obsequio) gift.
P nm pl presentes those present.
presentimiento nm premonition.
presentir vt to have a feeling ( que,
that).
preservar vt to preserve.
preservativo nm condom.
presidencia nf 1 pol presidency. 2 (de
una empresa) chairmanship.
presidente,-ta nm & nf 1 pol presi-
dent. 2 chairman, us president.
presidiario,-a nm & nf convict.
presidio nm prison, penitentiary.
presidir vt (reunin) to chair.
presilla nf fastener.
presin nf pressure.
presionar vt 1 (objeto) to press. 2 (perso-
na) to pressure, put pressure on.
preso,-a nm & nf prisoner.
prestacin nf 1 (servicio) service. 2 (de la
Seguridad Social) benefit, allowance.
c o m p prestacin por desempleo unem-
ployment benefit.
prestado,-a adj lent, on loan.
prestamista nm o nf moneylender.
prstamo nm (crdito) loan. pedir
un prstamo to ask for a loan.
prestar vt (dejar prestado) to lend, loan.
prestidigitador,-ra nm & nf conjuror.
prestigio nm prestige.
286
prestigioso,-a adj prestigious.
presto,-a adj 1 (preparado) ready. 2 (r-
pido) quick.
presumible adj probable, likely.
presumido,-a adj (en el vestir) vain.
presumir vi 1 (vanagloriarse) to boast
(de, about), show off ( de, about).
2 (ser presumido) to be vain.
P vt (suponer) to suppose, assume.
presunto,-a adj presumed, alleged.
presuntuoso,-a adj (presumido) vain.
presuponer vt to presuppose.
presupuestar vt (proyecto) to budget
for; (construccin, obra, etc) to estimate.
presupuesto nm (en finanzas) budget; (de
una obra) estimate.
pretencioso,-a adj pretentious.
P nm & nf pretentious person.
pretender vt 1 (querer) to want to: pre
tende ganar el concurso he wants to win
the contest. 2 (intentar) to try to: no s
qu pretende hacer I don't know what
he's trying to do. 3 (cortejar) to court.
pretendido,-a adj supposed.
pretendiente nm (enamorado) suitor.
pretensin nf 1 (intencin) aim; (ambi-
cin) ambition. 2 (derecho) claim.
pretrito,-a adj past: en tiempos pretri
tos in the past.
P nm pretrito simple past, preterite.
pretexto nm pretext.
prevalecer vi to prevail.
prevencin nf (precaucin) prevention.
prevenido,-a adj forewarned.
prevenir vt (evitar) to avoid, prevent.
preventivo,-a adj (medicina) preventive.
prever vt (anticipar) to foresee.
previo,-a adj previous.
previsible adj foreseeable.
previsin nf forecast. c o m p previsin
meteorolgica weather forecast.
previsor,-ra adj farsighted.
prieto,-a adj tight.
prima nf (gratificacin) bonus.
primaca nf primacy.
primar vi (predominar) to be important.
primaria nf primary education.
primario,-a adj primary.
 287
primate nm primate.
primavera nf 1 spring. 2 lit (ao) year.
primaveral adj spring, spring-like.
primera nf 1 auto first gear. 2 (en trans-
portes) first class.
primerizo,-a nm & nf beginner.
primero,-a adj first: el primer da del ao
the first day of the year.
P nm & nf first: es la primera de la clase
she's top of the class.
P adv primero (en primer lugar) first: pri
mero vamos a mirarlo en el diccionario let's
look it up in the dictionary first.
. Antes de los nombres masculinos en
singular se usa primer.
primicia nf (noticia) scoop.
primigenio,-a adj original.
primitiva nf National Lottery.
primitivo,-a adj hist primitive.
primo,-a nm & nf (familiar) cousin.
primognito,-a adj first-born, eldest.
P nm & nf first-born, eldest.
primor nm (delicadeza) delicateness.
primordial adj essential.
primoroso,-a adj delicate.
princesa nf princess.
principado nm principality.
principal adj main: lo principal es que duer
ma the main thing is that he sleeps.
P nm (piso) first floor, us second floor.
prncipe nm prince.
principiante,-a nm & nf beginner.
principio nm 1 (inicio) beginning, start:
me voy de vacaciones a principios de mes
I'm going on holiday at the beginning of
the month. 2 (moral) principle.
pringar vt (ensuciar) to make greasy:
me he puesto las manos pringando de grasa
I've got my hands covered in grease.
pringoso,-a adj greasy.
prior,-ra nm & nf (hombre) prior; (mujer)
prioress.
prioridad nf priority.
prioritario,-a adj priority.
prisa nf hurry: date prisa que no llegamos!
hurry up or we'll never make it! loc co
procesador
rrer prisa to be urgent. y tener prisa to
be in a hurry.
prisin nf prison.
prisionero,-a nm & nf prisoner.
prisma nm prism.
prismticos nm pl binoculars.
privacidad nf privacy.
privacin nf deprivation, privation.
privado,-a adj private.
privar vt (despojar) to deprive (de, of).
privativo,-a adj (exclusivo) exclusive.
privatizar vt to privatize.
privilegiado,-a adj privileged.
privilegiar vt to privilege.
privilegio nm privilege.
pro nm advantage. c o m p los pros y los
contras the pros and cons.
proa nf bow, prow.
probabilidad nf probability.
probable adj (posible) probable, likely.
probado,-a adj proven.
probador nm changing room.
probar vt 1 (demostrar) to prove. 2 (com-
probar) to test, check: prueba el coche a
ver cmo responde check the car to see
how it performs. 3 (vino, comida, etc) to
taste, try. 4 (prenda, zapato) to try on.
P vi to try: prueba a cambiarle la pila try
changing the battery.
probeta nf test tube.
problema nm problem. l o c tener pro
blemas con to have trouble with. P
problemtico,-a adj problematic.
procedencia nf 1 origin.
procedente adj coming (de, from): el
tren procedente de Sevilla the train arriving
from Seville.
proceder l o c proceder de to come: el
queso procede de la leche cheese comes
from milk.
procedimiento nm (mtodo) procedure.
procesado,-a adj 1 inform processed.
2 jur tried.
P nm & nf el/la procesado,-a the ac-
cused.
procesador nm processor. c o m p procesa
dor de textos inform word processor.
procesar 288
procesar vt 1 (gen) to process. 2 jur to
try.
procesin nf procession.
proceso nm (gen) process. c o m p proceso
de datos data processing.
proclamar vt to proclaim.
P vpr proclamarse to proclaim os.
proclive adj prone.
procreacin nf procreation.
procrear vi to procreate.
procurador,-ra nm & nf jur procurator.
procurar vt 1 to try. 2 (proporcionar) to
get.
prodigar vt to be lavish with.
prodigio nm prodigy, miracle.
prodigioso,-a adj prodigious.
prdigo,-a adj (generoso) lavish.
produccin nf production.
producir vt 1 (gen) to produce. 2 (cau-
sar) to cause.
P vpr producirse to happen.
productividad nf productivity.
productivo,-a adj productive.
producto nm (gen) product.
productor,-ra adj producing.
P nm & nf producer.
productora nf cine production com-
pany.
proeza nf feat, heroic deed.
profanar vt to desecrate, profane.
profano,-a adj (no sagrado) profane.
profeca nf prophecy.
proferir vt (palabra, sonido, etc) to utter.
profesin nf profession.
profesional adj professional: es futbo
lista profesional he's a professional foot-
baller.
P nm o nf professional: es todo un profe
sional he's a real professional.
profesionalidad nf professionalism.
profesor,-ra nm & nf teacher. c o m p
profesor,-ra particular private tutor. y
profesor,-ra universitario professor.
profesorado nm teaching staff.
profeta nm prophet.
proftico,-a adj prophetic.
profetizar vt to prophesy.
prfugo,-a nm & nf fugitive.
profundidad nf depth: tiene cuatro me
tros de profundidad it's four metres deep.
profundizar vt profundizar en (tema,
cuestin) to look deeply into.
profundo,-a adj (gen) deep.
profuso,-a adj profuse.
progenitor,-ra nm & nf (padre) father;
(madre) mother.
P nm pl progenitores parents.
programa nm 1 (gen) programme (us
program). 2 inform program. 3 educ
(de un curso) syllabus.
programacin nf 1 (de televisin, radi, etco)
programming (us programing). 2 (de
teatro) billing. 3 inform programming.
programador,-ra nm & nf inform pro-
grammer.
programar vt 1 (gen) to programme
(us program). 2 inform to program. 3
(organizar, planear, etc) to plan.
progresar vi to progress.
progresin nf progression. c o m p pro
gresin aritmtica arithmetic pro-
gression.
progresista adj progressive.
P nm o nf progressive.
progresivo,-a adj progressive.
progreso nm progress.
prohibicin nf prohibition, ban.
prohibido,-a adj forbidden.
prohibir vt to forbid.
prohibitivo,-a adj prohibitive.
prjimo nm fellow man, neighbour
(us neighbor).
prole nf offspring.
proletariado nm proletariat.
proletario,-a nm & nf proletarian.
proliferar vi to proliferate.
prolijo,-a adj (meticuloso) meticulous.
prlogo nm prologue, us prolog.
prolongacin nf (gen) prolongation.
prolongado,-a adj (largo) prolonged.
prolongar vt 1 (en el tiempo, etc) to pro-
long. 2 (en el espacio) to extend.
P vpr prolongarse to go on.
promedio nm average.
promesa nf promise.
prometedor,-ra adj promising.
 289
prometer vt to promise: lo prometes?
promise?
P vi to be promising: esta chica es una
pintora que promete this girl is a promis-
ing artist.
prometido,-a nm & nf (hombre) fianc;
(mujer) fiance.
prominente adj prominent.
promiscuo,-a adj promiscuous.
promocin nf promotion.
promocionar vt (to promote.
promontorio nm promontory.
promotor,-ra nm & nf (inmobiliario) de-
veloper.
promover vt to promote.
promulgar vt to enact, promulgate.
pronombre nm pronoun.
pronosticar vt to predict.
pronstico nm (del tiempo) forecast.
comp p ro n s t i co m e t e o ro l g i co
weather forecast.
pronto,-a adv 1 (rpido) soon: no llores
que pronto vendr tu mam don't cry,
your mummy will be here soon. 2 (tem-
prano) early: has llegado demasiado pron
to you've arrived too early. l o c de pron
to suddenly.
pronunciacin nf pronunciation.
pronunciado,-a adj (marcado) marked.
pronunciar vt 1 (gen) to pronounce. 2
(discurso) to make.
propagacin nf propagation.
propaganda nf 1 (publicidad) advertis-
ing. 2 (electoral) propaganda.
propagar vt to propagate, spread.
propano nm propane.
propasarse vpr to go too far.
propensin nf inclination, tendency.
propenso,-a adj inclined. l o c ser
propenso,-a a algo to be prone to sth.
propiciar vt (favorecer) contribute to.
propiciatorio,-a adj propitiatory.
propicio,-a adj (gen) suitable.
propiedad nf (bien inmueble) property.
c o m p propiedad privada private prop-
erty.
propietario,-a nm & nf owner.
propina nf tip.
protagonismo
propinar vt to give.
propio,-a adj 1 (de nuestra propiedad)
own. 2 (indicado) appropriate. 3 (mis-
mo - l) himself; (- ella) herself; (- cosa,
animal) itself; (- en plural) themselves.
proponer vt (persona, plan, etc) to pro-
pose.
P vpr proponerse to intend.
proporcin nf proportion.
proporcionado,-a adj in proportion.
proporcional adj proportionate.
proporcionar vt (ayuda, etc) to supply.
proposicin nf (idea) proposal.
propsito nm 1 (intencin) intention. 2
(objetivo) aim.
propuesta nf proposal.
propugnar vt to advocate.
propulsar vt (medida, idea, etc) to pro-
mote.
propulsin nf propulsion.
propulsor,-ra nm (motor) motor.
prrroga nf (de un plazo) extension.
prorrogable adj renewable.
prorrogar vt (alargar) to extend.
prosa nf prose.
prosaico,-a adj prosaic.
proscribir vt (prohibir) to proscribe.
proscrito,-a nm & nf (criminal) outlaw.
proseguir vt to continue, carry on.
proselitismo nm proselytism.
proselitista adj proselytic.
P nm o nf proselytizer.
prosodia nf prosody.
P
prosopopeya nf (figura retrica) proso-
popoeia.
prospeccin nf (del suelo) surveying;
(para minerales) prospecting.
prospecto nm leaflet, prospectus.
prosperar vi to prosper, thrive.
prosperidad nf prosperity.
prspero,-a adj prosperous.
prstata nf prostate, prostate gland.
prostitucin nf prostitution.
prostituir vt to prostitute.
P vpr prostituirse to prostitute os.
prostituta nf prostitute.
protagonismo nm leading role.
 protagonista
protagonista adj main, leading.
P nm o nf (de pelcula - actor) leading man;
(- actriz) leading lady.
protagonizar vt (pelcula, etc) to star in.
proteccin nf protection.
proteccionismo nm protectionism.
proteccionista adj protectionist.
protector,-ra nm & nf (persona) protector.
proteger vt to protect.
protegido,-a nm & nf (hombre) protg;
(mujer) protge.
protena nf protein.
protenico,-a adj proteinic.
prtesis nf med (uso formal) prosthesis.
c o m p prtesis dental denture.
protesta nf protest.
protestante adj Protestant.
P nm o nf Protestant.
protestar vi (mostrar disconformidad) to
protest (contra, against).
protocolo nm (gen) protocol.
protn nm proton.
protoplasma nm protoplasm.
prototipo nm prototype.
protozoo nm protozoan.
protuberancia nf protuberance.
provecho nm (beneficio) benefit. l o c
buen provecho! enjoy your meal!
provechoso,-a adj (beneficioso) benefi-
cial.
proveedor,-ra nm & nf supplier.
proveer vt (suministrar) to provide (de,
with).
provenir vi to come (de, from).
proverbial adj proverbial.
proverbio nm proverb, saying.
providencia nf jur ruling.
providencial adj providential.
provincia nf province. l o c de provin
cias provincial.
provinciano,-a adj pey provincial.
provisin nf (suministro) provision.
provisional adj provisional.
provisto,-a adj provided (de, with),
equipped (de, with).
provocacin nf (gen) provocation.
provocar vt to incite, to provoke.
290
provocativo,-a adj provocative.
prximamente adv shortly, soon.
proximidad nf proximity.
prximo,-a adj 1 (cerca) near. 2 (siguien-
te) next: el mes prximo next month.
proyeccin nf 1 (gen) projection. 2
cine screening, showing.
proyectar vt (pelcula) to show.
proyectil nm projectile, missile.
proyecto nm 1 (propsito) plan. 2 (plan)
project.
proyector nm (de cine) film projector.
prudencia nf (cuidado) care, caution;
(moderacin) moderation.
prudente adj sensible, prudent.
prueba nf 1 (demostracin) proof. 2 (ex-
perimento) experiment, trial: haz la
prueba try it. 3 (examen) test. 4 med
test. 5 dep event. l o c poner a prueba
to put to the test. c o m p prueba de ac
ceso entrance examination.
psicoanlisis nm inv psychoanalysis.
psicologa nf psychology.
psicopata nf psychopathy.
psicosis nf inv psychosis.
psique nf psyche.
psiquiatra nf psychiatry.
psiquitrico,-a adj psychiatric.
psquico,-a adj psychic, psychical.
pterodctilo nm pterodactyl.
pa nf 1 (de peine, cepillo) tooth. 2 (de eri-
zo) quill. 3 ms plectrum.
pubertad nf puberty.
pubis nm inv 1 pubes pl. 2 (hueso) pubis.
publicable adj publishable.
publicacin nf publication.
publicar vt (libro, etc) to publish.
publicidad nf (comercial) advertising.
publicista nm o nf advertising execu-
tive.
publicitario,-a adj advertising.
pblico,-a adj public.
P nm pblico (de un espectculo) audi-
ence; (de televisin) audience, viewers
pl: el pblico aplaudi entusiasmado the
audience applauded warmly. l o c en p
blico in public.
 291
publirreportaje nm (documentary style)
television advertisement.
puchero nm (olla) cooking pot.
pdico,-a adj chaste, decent.
pudiente adj wealthy, rich.
pudor nm (decencia) decency.
pudoroso,-a adj decent, chaste.
pudrir vt to rot.
P vpr pudrirse to rot.
pueblerino,-a adj (de pueblo) village.
pueblo nm 1 (poblacin) village. 2 (gente)
people.
puente nm (sobre un ro, etc) bridge.
puerco,-a nm & nf pig. c o m p puerco es
pn porcupine.
puericultor,-ora nm & nf child care
specialist.
puericultura nf child care.
pueril adj (infantil) puerile, childish.
puerro nm leek.
puerta nf 1 door. 2 (verja) gate. 3 dep
(portera) goal. c o m p puerta de embar
que gate.
puerto nm 1 mar port, harbour. 2 (de
montaa) (mountain) pass. c o m p puer
to deportivo marina.
Puerto Rico nm Puerto Rico.
puertorriqueo,-a adj Puerto Rican.
P nm & nf Puerto Rican.
pues conj 1 (ya que) since, as. 2 (por lo
tanto) therefore, so. 3 (repetitivo) then.
4 (enftico) well: pues bien well then;
pues claro! of course!; pues no well no.
puesta nf 1 (colocacin) setting. 2 (de hue-
vos) laying. c o m p puesta de sol sunset.
puesto,-a nm 1 (sitio) place: ya han llega
do al primer puesto they've made it to the
top. 2 (de mercado) stall; (de feria, etc)
stand. 3 (empleo) position, post. l o c
puesto que since, as.
pgil nm boxer.
pugnar vi to fight, struggle.
puja nf (accin) bidding.
pujante adj thriving.
pujar vt (en subasta) to bid higher.
pulcritud nf neatness.
pulcro,-a adj neat.
pulga nf flea.
puntiagudo
pulgada nf inch.
pulgar nm thumb.
pulgn nm aphid.
pulimentar vt to polish.
pulir vt (superficie) to polish.
pullover nm pullover.
pulmn nm lung.
pulmonar adj lung, pulmonary.
pulmona nf pneumonia.
pulpa nf pulp.
plpito nm pulpit.
pulpo nm zool octopus.
pulsacin nf 1 pulsation. 2 (de corazn)
beat. 3 (en mecanografa) stroke.
pulsador nm (gen) push button.
pulsar vt 1 (botn, timbre, etc) to press. 2
(tecla - de mquina de escribir) to tap; (- de
piano) to play.
pulsera nf 1 bracelet. 2 (de reloj) watch
strap.
pulso nm 1 (presin sangunea) pulse: dja
me que te tome el pulso let me take your
pulse. 2 (firmeza en la mano) steady hand:
para dibujar hay que tener buen pulso to be
able to draw you need a steady hand.
pulular vi to swarm.
pulverizador nm spray, atomizer.
pulverizar vt 1 (lquido) to atomize,
spray. 2 (slido) to pulverize. 3 (enemi-
go) to crush, wipe out.
puma nm puma, mountain lion.
puncin nf puncture.
punitivo,-a adj punitive. P
punta nf (extremo) tip; (extremo afilado)
point. l o c sacar punta a (lpiz) to
sharpen.
puntada nf stitch.
puntal nm 1 prop. 2 fig support.
puntapi nm kick.
puntear vt 1 (dibujar) to dot. 2 ms to
pluck.
punteo nm ms plucking, us picking.
puntera nf (de zapato, calcetn, etc) toe.
puntera nf aim: qu buena puntera!
what a good shot!
puntero,-a adj leading.
P nm puntero (para sealar) pointer.
puntiagudo,-a adj pointed.
 puntilla 292
puntilla nf cost lace. loc de puntillas
on tiptoe.
puntilloso,-a adj (exigente) punctilious.
punto nm 1 (gen) point. 2 (tanto) point:
nos llevan cinco puntos de ventaja they're
five points ahead of us. 3 (detrs de abre-
viatura) dot; (al final de la oracin) full
stop, us period. 4 (lugar) spot: en qu
punto de la carretera se encuentran? exact-
ly where on the road are they? 5 (tejido)
knitwear: me he comprado una falda de
punto I bought a knitted skirt. 6 (en costu-
ra, sutura, etc) stitch: me ca y me dieron
tres puntos en la barbilla I fell and needed
three stitches on my chin. l o c en punto
sharp, on the dot: son las tres en punto
it's exactly three o'clock. c o m p dos pun
tos colon. y punto cardinal cardinal
point. y punto de vista point of view.
y punto dbil weak point. y punto y
coma semicolon. y punto y seguido
full stop, new sentence, us period,
new sentence.
puntuable adj valid.
puntuacin nf 1 (en ortografa) punctua-
tion. 2 (accin de puntuar) scoring; (total
de puntos) score. 3 educ (accin) mark-
ing; (nota) mark: obtuvo una puntuacin
muy alta she got a very high mark.
puntual adj (que llega a su hora) punctu-
al: han llegado muy puntuales they've ar-
rived right on time.
puntualidad nf punctuality.
puntualizacin nf remark.
puntualizar vt (especificar) to point out.
puntuar vt 1 ling to punctuate. 2 educ
to mark.
P vi dep to score.
punzada nf sharp pain, stab of pain.
punzante adj stabbing.
punzar vt to prick.
punzn nm punch.
puado nm handful.
pual nm dagger.
pualada nf (herida) stab wound.
puetazo nm punch.
puo nm 1 (mano) fist. 2 (de arma) han-
dle. 3 (de camisa, abrigo, etc) cuff.
pupila nf pupil.
pupilaje nm (de persona) board and
lodging; (de coche) garaging.
pupilo,-a nm & nf (de un tutor) pupil.
pupitre nm school desk.
purasangre adj thoroughbred.
P nm (caballo) thoroughbred.
pur nm (espeso) pure; (sopa) thick
soup: hoy tenemos pur de zanahoria to-
day we've got thick carrot soup. c o m p
pur de patatas mashed potatoes.
pureza nf purity.
purga nf purge.
purgacin nf (accin) purging.
purgante nm purgative, laxative.
purgar vt to purge (de, of).
purgatorio nm purgatory.
purificacin nf purification.
purificador,-ra adj purifying.
P nm purificador purifier.
purificante adj purifying.
purificar vt to purify.
purismo nm purism.
purista adj purist.
P nm o nf purist.
puritano,-a adj puritan, puritanic.
P nm & nf puritan.
puro,-a adj 1 (sin mezcla) pure: tiene un
perro de pura raza he has a purebred dog.
2 (mero) sheer, mere, pure: me enter
por pura casualidad I found out by pure
chance.
P nm puro cigar.
prpura adj purple.
P nm purple.
purulento,-a adj purulent.
pus nm pus.
pusilnime adj faint-hearted.
pusilanimidad nf faint-heartedness.
pstula nf pustule.
putrefaccin nf putrefaction.
putrefacto,-a adj putrefied, rotten.
ptrido,-a adj putrefied, rotten.
puya nf (comentario) gibe.
puyazo nm (comentario) gibe.
puzzle nm jigsaw, puzzle.

293
Q, q nf (la letra) Q, q.
Qatar nm Qatar.
qusar nm quasar.
que1 pron 1 (sujeto, persona) who, that;
(cosa) that, which: la chica que vino ayer
est enferma the girl who came yester-
day is ill. 2 (complemento, persona)
whom, who; (cosa) that, which: el
coche que me prestaste est ah the car
(that) you lent me is there. 3 prep + que
(complemento circunstancial) which; (lugar)
where; (tiempo) when: la casa en que vi
va estaba lejos the house where he lived
was far away. 4 art def + que the one
which, the one that: ese libro es el que
me gusta that's the book I like.
que2 conj 1 that: dice que no vendr he
says (that) he won't come. 2 (en compa-
raciones) than: es ms alto que su padre he
is taller than his father. 3 (deseo, manda-
to): que te diviertas! enjoy yourself! 4
(duda, extraeza): que no te hicieron pagar
nada? (you say) they didn't make you
pay anything? 5 (causal, consecutiva): arri
ba, que ya son las ocho! get up, it's eight
o'clock! 6 (tanto si como si) wheth-
er or not: que llueva que no llueva,
iremos de excursin whether it rains or
not, we're going on a trip. 7 (reiterativo)
and: charla que charla se nos pas la hora
we were so busy talking that the hour
just flew by. 8 (final) so that: ven aqu
que te vea bien come here so that I can
see you properly. 9 fam (condicional) if:
que te gusta, te lo quedas; que no te gusta, lo
cambias if you like it, keep it; if you
don't, you can change it. 10 que no (ad-
versativa) not: justicia pido, que no perdn
I want justice, not mercy.
Q
qu pron what: no s qu hacer I don't
know what to do; qu queras? what did
you want?
P adj 1 (cul) which: no s qu libro quiere
I don't know which book he wants. 2
(en frases interrogativas) how, what: qu
aos tienes? how old are you?; qu has
dicho? what did you say? 3 (en frases ex-
clamativas) how, what: qu bonito!
how nice!; qu flor ms bonita! what a
lovely flower! 4 (cantidad) what: qu de
gente! what a crowd!
quebrada nf geol (paso) gorge, ravine.
quebradizo,-a adj 1 (frgil) fragile,
brittle; (pastel) short. 2 fig (dbil moral-
mente) weak, frail.
quebrado,-a adj 1 (terreno) rugged,
rough, uneven; (camino) tortuous. 2
(nmero) fractional.
quebrantar vt 1 (cascar) to crack. 2
(romper) to break, shatter; (machacar)
to grind. 3 (debilitar) to weaken. 4 fig
(salud, posicin, fortuna) to undermine,
shatter. 5 fig (incumplir) to break, vio-
late. 6 fig (suavizar) to take the edge
off, temper; (ablandar) to soften. 7 fig
(causar lstima) to wound, shatter.
P vpr quebrantarse 1 (cascarse) to
crack. 2 (romperse) to break. 3 (la salud)
to be shattered.
quebrar vt (romper, incumplir) to break.
P vi 1 fin to go bankrupt. 2 fig (fla-
quear) to weaken.
P vpr quebrarse 1 (romperse) to break. 2
(herniarse) to rupture os. 3 (interrumpir-
se) to be broken, open up. 4 fig (ni-
mo) to break, crack.
quedar vi 1 (permanecer) to remain,
stay. 2 fig (terminar) to end. 3 (cita)
to arrange to meet. 4 (resultado de algo) to
 quehacer
be. 5 (favorecer) to look, fit. 6 (estar si-
tuado) to be. 7 (restar) to be left, re-
main. 8 (faltar) to be, be still. 9 que
dar en (convenir) to agree to. 10 quedar
por + inf not to have been + pp: la ca
ma qued por hacer the bed had not been
made, the bed was left unmade. 11
quedar + ger to be, remain: cuando me
fui el nio quedaba durmiendo when I left
the child was sleeping.
P vpr quedarse 1 (permanecer) to remain,
stay, be. 2 (resultado de algo) to be, re-
main. 3 euf (morirse) to die. 4 (mar, viento)
to become calm; (viento) to drop. 5
quedarse con (retener algo) to keep.
quehacer nm task, chore, job.
queja nf 1 (descontento) complaint. 2 (de
dolor) moan, groan.
quejarse vpr 1 (de descontento) to com-
plain (de, about). 2 (de dolor) to moan,
groan.
quejido nm groan, moan.
quejumbroso,-a adj 1 (persona) whin-
ing, plaintive. 2 (tono) querulous.
quemado,-a adj 1 burnt; (por el sol)
sunburnt. 2 fig (resentido) embittered.
3 fam (acabado) spent, burnt-out.
quemador,-ra nm burner.
quemadura nf 1 (accin) burning. 2 (he-
rida) burn; (de sol) sunburn; (escaldadu-
ra) scald.
quemar vt 1 (gen) to burn; (plantas) to
scorch. 2 (incendiar) to set on fire. 3
fam (acabar) to burn out.
P vi (estar muy caliente) to be burning hot.
P vpr quemarse (persona) to burn os;
(cosa) to be burnt.
querella nf 1 jur action, lawsuit. 2
(queja) complaint. 3 (enfrentamiento)
dispute, quarrel.
querencia nf 1 (accin) love. 2 (inclina-
cin del animal) homing instinct; (incli-
nacin del hombre) homesickness.
querer vt 1 (amar) to love. 2 (desear) to
want. 3 (buscar) to be asking for, be
looking for. 4 (peticin) would. 5 (verifi-
carse) may, might.
P nm love, affection.
querido,-a adj (amado) dear, beloved;
(en carta) dear.
294
P nm& nf 1 (amante) lover; (mujer) mis-
tress. 2 fam (apelativo) darling.
quesera nf 1 (fbrica) cheese factory.
2 (para servirlo) cheese dish.
queso nm cheese.
quicio nm pivot hole.
quid nm crux.
quiebra nf 1 (rotura) break, crack. 2
(bancarrota) failure, bankruptcy; (crack)
crash, collapse. 3 (prdida) loss. 4
geog gorge. 5 fig (fracaso) failure.
quien pron 1 (sujeto) who: me encontr a
Toni, quien me dijo que estabas enfermo
I met Toni, who told me you were ill. 2
(complemento) who, whom: las personas
a quienes me encontr ayer estn aqu the
people (whom) I met yesterday are here.
3 (indefinido) whoever, anyone who:
quien sepa la respuesta que me lo diga any-
one who knows the answer tell me.
quin pron 1 (sujeto) who: quin te lo di
jo? who told you? 2 (complemento) who,
whom: con quin hablas? who are you
talking to? 3 de quin (posesivo) whose:
de quin es esto? whose is this?
quienquiera pron whoever: entre,
quienquiera que sea come in, whoever
you may be.
quieto,-a adj 1 (sin movimiento) still, mo-
tionless. 2 fig (sosegado) quiet, calm.
quilate nm 1 (unidad de peso) carat. 2 (uni-
dad del oro) carat (us karat).
quilogramo nm kilogramo.
quilomtrico,-a adj kilomtrico,-a.
quilmetro adj kilmetro.
quimera nf 1 (mitologa) chimera. 2 fig
(ilusin) wild fancy, fantasy. 3 fig
(preocupacin) worry; (sospecha infunda-
da) unfounded suspicion.
quimrico,-a adj unrealistic, fantastic.
qumica nf chemistry.
qumicamente adv chemically.
qumico,-a adj chemical.
P nm & nf chemist.
quincalla nf (objetos de metal) cheap
metalware; (baratija) trinket.
quincallero,-a nm & nf (de objetos de me-
tal) seller of cheap metalware; (de
baratijas) trinket seller.
 295
quince adj (cardinal) fifteen; (ordinal) fif-
teenth.
P nm fifteen.
. Consulta tambin seis.
quinceaero,-a adj 1 (de quince aos)
fifteen-year-old. 2 (adolescente) teen-
age.
P nm & nf 1 (de quince aos) fifteen-
year-old. 2 (adolescente) teenager.
quinceavo,-a adj fifth.
P nm & nf fifth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
quincena nf 1 (tiempo) fortnight. 2 (pa-
ga) fortnightly pay.
quincenal adj fortnightly.
quincuagenario,-a adj quinquage-
narian.
P nm & nf quinquagenarian.
quincuagsimo,-a adj fiftieth.
P nm & nf fiftieth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
quingentsimo,-a adj five hun-
dredth.
P nm & nf five hundredth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
quiniela nf (juego de apuestas) football
pools pl.
quinientos,-as adj (cardinal) five hun-
dred; (ordinal) five-hundredth.
P nm quinientos (nmero) five hun-
dred.
. Consulta tambin seis.
quinina nf quinine.
quinqu nm oil lamp.
quinquenal adj quinquennial, five-
year.
quinquenio nm quinquennium, five-
year period.
quinta nf 1 (casa) country house. 2
(reemplazo militar) call-up, conscript, us
draft. 3 ms fifth.
quintal nm quintal (46 kilograms).
quinteto nm quintet.
quizs
quintilla nf five-line stanza.
quintillizo,-a nm & nf quintuplet,
quin.
quinto,-a adj fifth.
P nm & nf fifth.
P nm quinto 1 mil conscript, recruit. 2
fam (de cerveza) small bottle of beer (=
20 cl).
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
quintuplicacin nf quintupling.
quintuplicar vt to quintuple.
quntuplo,-a adj quintuple.
P nm quntuplo quintuple.
quinzavo,-a adj-nm & nf quinceavo,
-a.
quiosco nm kiosk; (de peridicos) news-
stand; (de msica) bandstand.
quiosquero,-a nm & nf newsagent.
quirfano nm operating theatre (us
theater).
quirrgico,-a adj surgical.
quitaesmaltes nm inv nail polish re-
mover.
quitamanchas nm inv stain remover.
quitamiedos nm inv handrail.
quitanieves nm inv snowplough (us
snowplow).
quitapinturas nm inv paint stripper.
quitar vt 1 (separar) to remove, take
off. 2 (sacar) to take off, take out;
(prendas) to take off; (tiempo) to take
up. 3 (apartar) to take away, take off.
4 (hacer desaparecer) to remove; (dolor)
to relieve; (sed) to quench. 5 (despojar)
to take; (robar) to steal. 6 (restar) to
Q
subtract; (descontar) to take off. 7 (pro-
hibir) to forbid, rule out. 8 (impedir) to
prevent. 9 (disminuir) to take away. 10
fam (radio, agua, etc) to turn off.
P vpr quitarse 1 (desaparecer) to go
away, come out. 2 quitarse de (del
juego, bebida, etc) to give up.
quiz adv quizs.
quizs adv perhaps, maybe.
 R
R, r nf (la letra) R, r.
rbano nm radish. loc me importa un
rbano! I don't give a toss!, I couldn't
care less!
rab nm rabbi.
rabia nf 1 med rabies. 2 fig (enfado)
rage, fury, anger. l o c dar rabia to
make furious.
rabiar vi 1 (enfadarse) to rage, be furi-
ous: Elena est que rabia Elena is furious.
2 fig (padecer) to suffer (de, from): ra
biar de dolor to writhe in pain. l o c hacer
rabiar a algn to make sb see red.
rabieta nf fam tantrum. l o c hacer una
rabieta fam to throw a tantrum.
rabillo nm (pecolo) stalk, stem. l o c mi
rar por el rabillo del ojo to look out of
the corner of one's eye.
rabino nm rabbi.
rabioso,-a adj fig (airado) furious, an-
gry. l o c ponerse rabioso,-a to fly into
a rage.
rabo nm (gen) tail.
rcano,-a adj fam (tacao) mean, stin-
gy.
racha nf 1 (rfaga) gust, squall. 2 fig
(perodo) spell, patch. 3 fig (serie) string,
run, series sing: hubo una racha de incen
dios there was a series of fires. l o c a ra
chas in fits and starts, on and off. y
tener una buena racha to have a run
of good luck.
racimo nm bunch, cluster.
racin nf 1 (parte) portion, share. 2 (de
comida) portion, serving, helping:
Cuatro raciones Serves four.
racional adj rational.
racionar vt (limitar) to ration.
racismo nm racism, racialism.
296
radiacin nf radiation.
radiactivo,-a adj radioactive.
radiador nm radiator.
radiante adj fig radiant: radiante de ale
gra radiant with joy.
radiar vt 1 (irradiar) to radiate, irradiate.
2 (retransmitir) to broadcast, transmit.
radical adj radical.
radicalizar vt 1 to radicalize. 2 (postu-
ra) to harden.
P vpr radicalizarse 1 (conflicto) to inten-
sify. 2 (postura) to harden.
radio1 nm 1 (de crculo) radius: en un radio
de 10 metros within a radius of 10 metres.
2 (de rueda) spoke. 3 (campo) scope.
c o m p radio de accin fig field of ac-
tion, scope.
radio2 nf 1 (radiodifusin) radio: lo o por la
radio I heard it on the radio. 2 (aparato)
radio, wireless.
radioactivo,-a adj radioactive.
radioaficionado,-a nm & nf radio
ham.
radiocasete nm radio cassette.
radiodifusin nf broadcasting.
radiofnico,-a adj radio: concurso ra
diofnico radio quiz programme.
radiografa nf 1 (tcnica) radiography.
2 (imagen) X-ray, radiograph. l o c ha
cerse una radiografa to have an X-
ray taken.
radionovela nf serial.
radiorreceptor nm radio, radio set.
radioterapia nf radiotherapy.
radiotransmisin nf broadcasting.
radiotransmitir vt to broadcast.
radioyente nm o nf listener.
raer vt to scrape (off).
 297
rfaga nf 1 (de viento) gust, squall. 2 (de
disparos) burst. 3 (de luz) flash.
rafia nf raffia.
raid nm (incursin) raid.
raigambre nf 1 (races) roots pl, root
system. 2 fig tradition, history.
ral nm rail.
raz nf root. de raz entirely. y echar
races 1 (planta) to take root. 2 (perso-
na) to settle, put down roots. c o m p
raz cuadrada square root.
raja nf 1 (corte) cut, slit. 2 (hendidura)
crack, split. 3 (tajada) slice.
raj nm rajah.
rajar vt 1 (hender) to split, crack. 2 (hacer
tajadas) to slice.
P vpr rajarse 1 (partirse) to split, crack.
2 fam (desistir) to back out, quit.
rajatabla l o c a rajatabla strictly.
ralent nm cine slow motion. l o c al
ralent (motor) ticking over.
ralentizar vt to slow down.
rallado,-a adj (queso, etc) grated.
rallador nm grater.
ralladura nf grated rind: ralladura de li
mn grated lemon rind.
rallar vt to grate.
rally nm rally.
rama nf branch. l o c andarse por las ra
mas fam to beat about the bush. y en
rama raw: canela en rama cinnamon
stick.
ramaje nm foliage, branches pl.
ramal nm (de camino, etc) branch.
ramalazo nm fam (ataque) fit.
rambla nf (paseo) boulevard, avenue.
ramificacin nf ramification.
ramificarse vpr to ramify, branch
(out).
ramillete nm 1 posy. 2 fig (conjunto)
bunch, group, collection.
ramo nm 1 (de flores) bunch, bouquet. 2
fig (sector) field: el ramo de la alimentacin
the food sector, the food industry.
rampa nf (pendiente) ramp. c o m p rampa
de lanzamiento launching pad.
rana nf frog.
rancho nm am (granja) ranch, farm.
rascar
rancio,-a adj 1 (comestibles) stale. 2 fig
(antiguo) old, ancient: de rancio abolengo
of ancient lineage.
rand nm rand.
rango nm rank.
ranking nm ranking.
ranura nf (para monedas, fichas) slot.
rapapolvo nm fam dressing-down,
ticking off, talking-to.
rapar vt (pelo) to crop.
rapaz adj zool predatory, of prey: ave
rapaz bird of prey.
rape1 nm (pez) angler fish.
rape2 nm fam (rasura) quick shave. l o c
al rape close-cropped, short.
rapero,-a nm & nf rapper.
rapidez nf speed, rapidity: con rapidez
quickly.
rpido,-a adj quick, fast.
P adv quickly: rpido! hurry up!
P nm rpido (tren) fast train.
P nm pl rpidos (del ro) rapids.
rapiar vt fam to pinch, steal.
rappel nm abseiling. l o c hacer rappel
to abseil.
raptar vt to kidnap, abduct.
rapto nm (secuestro) kidnapping.
raqueta nf (de tenis) racket; (de ping-
pong) bat, us paddle.
raqutico,-a adj 1 fig (exiguo) meagre
(us meager), small. 2 fig (dbil) weak.
rareza nf 1 (poco comn) rarity, rare-
ness. 2 (extravagancia) eccentricity.
raro,-a adj 1 (escaso) scarce, rare: los go
rilas albinos son animales raros albino gori-
las are rare animals. 2 (peculiar) odd, R
strange, weird: ltimamente la encuen
tro rara I think she's been acting a little
strange recently. l o c qu raro! how
odd!, that's strange!
ras l o c a ras de (on a) level with. y a
ras de tierra at ground level.
rasante adj (vuelo) low, skimming.
P nf (inclinacin) slope. c o m p cambio de
rasante brow of a hill.
rascacielos nm inv skyscraper.
rascador nm (para rascar) scraper.
rascar vt 1 (la piel) to scratch. 2 (con ras-
cador) to scrape, rasp.
 rasero 298
rasero nm strickle. l o c por el mismo
rasero fig equally.
rasgado,-a adj (roto) torn, ripped.
rasgar vt to tear, rip.
rasgo nm 1 (faccin del rostro) feature. 2 (pe-
culiaridad) characteristic, feature. l o c
explicar a grandes rasgos to outline.
rasguear vt (instrumento) to strum.
rasguar vt to scratch, scrape.
rasguo nm (araazo) scratch, scrape.
raso,-a adj 1 (plano) flat, level; (liso)
smooth: una cucharada rasa a level
spoonful. 2 (atmsfera) clear.
P nm raso (tejido) satin.
raspa nf (de pescado) bone, backbone.
raspar vt 1 (rascar) to scrape (off); (da-
ar) to scratch, graze. 2 (rasar) to
graze, skim.
rasposo,-a adj rough, sharp.
rasqueta nf scraper.
rastra nf (rastro) trail, track. l o c a ras
tras 1 (arrastrando) dragging. 2 (sin que-
rer) unwillingly, grudgingly: llevar a
rastras to drag along.
rastrear vt (seguir el rastro) to trail, track.
rastrillar vt (hojas, etc) to rake.
rastrillo nm 1 (rastro) rake. 2 fam (merca-
dillo) flea market.
rastro nm 1 (seal) trace, track: ni rastro de
sangre not a trace of blood. 2 (vestigio) ves-
tige. 3 (mercado) flea market. l o c seguir
el rastro de algn to follow sb's trail.
rastrojo nm (paja) stubble.
rasurar vt to shave.
rata nf zool rat.
ratero,-a nm & nf pickpocket.
ratificar vt to ratify.
P vpr ratificarse to be confirmed.
rato nm 1 (tiempo) time, while, mo-
ment: charlamos un rato we chatted for
a while. 2 (espacio) way: hay un buen rato
hasta Vigo it's a long way to Vigo. 3 fam
(mucho) very, a lot: sabe un rato de depor
tes she's a mine of information about
sports. l o c a ratos at times. y pasar un
buen rato to have a good time. c o m p
ratos libres free time sing.
ratn nm mouse.
ratonera nf (trampa) mousetrap.
raudal nm 1 (agua) torrent, flood. 2 fig
(abundancia) flood, wave. l o c a rauda
les in torrents.
raudo,-a adj lit swift, rapid.
raviolis nm pl ravioli.
raya1 nf 1 (lnea) line. 2 (de color) stripe:
pantaln a rayas striped trousers.
raya2 nf (pez) skate.
rayado,-a adj 1 (tejido) striped. 2 (papel)
ruled.
P nm rayado stripes pl.
rayar vt 1 (lneas) to draw lines on,
line, rule. 2 (superficie) to scratch.
rayo nm 1 ray, beam: rayo de sol sun-
beam; rayo de luz ray of light. 2 (relmpa-
go) lightning. c o m p rayo de luna
moonbeam. y rayos ultravioletas/UVA
ultraviolet rays. y rayos X X-rays.
rayuela nf hopscotch.
raza nf 1 race. 2 (animal) breed. l o c de
raza 1 (perro) pedigree. 2 (caballo) thor-
oughbred. c o m p raza humana human
race.
razn nf 1 (facultad) reason. 2 (motivo)
reason, cause. 3 (mensaje) message. 4
(justicia) justice. 5 mat ratio, rate. l o c
dar la razn a algn to agree with sb,
say that sb is right. y perder la razn
to lose one's reason. y tener razn to
be right.
razonable adj reasonable.
razonamiento nm reasoning.
razonar vi 1 (discurrir) to reason. 2 (ha-
blar) to talk.
P vt (explicar) to reason out.
re nm re, ray, D.
reaccin nf reaction. l o c reaccin en
cadena chain reaction.
reaccionar vi to react.
reacio,-a adj reluctant, unwilling.
reactivar vt to reactivate.
reactor nm 1 reactor. 2 av jet, jet plane.
readmitir vt (gen) to readmit; (un traba-
jador) to reinstate.
reafirmar vt to reaffirm, reassert.
reagrupar vt to regroup.
P vpr reagruparse to regroup.
reajustar vt to readjust.
 299
real adj (verdadero) real: en la vida real in
1
real life.
real2 adj (regio) royal.
realce nm (adorno) relief.
realeza nf royalty.
realidad nf reality. l o c en realidad ac-
tually, in fact.
realista adj (de la realidad) realistic.
P nm o nf (de la realidad) realist.
realizacin nf 1 (de un deseo) fulfilment
(us fulfillment). 2 (ejecucin) execu-
tion, carrying out.
realizador,-ra nm & nf producer.
realizar vt 1 (ambicin) to realize, fulfil,
achieve; (deseo, esperanza) to fulfil. 2
(llevar a cabo) to accomplish, carry
out, do, fulfil. 3 (un viaje) to make.
P vpr realizarse 1 (ambicin, deseo) to be
fulfilled, be achieved; (sueo) to
come true. 2 (llevarse a cabo) to be ex-
ecuted, be carried out.
realmente adv 1 (de verdad) really, tru-
ly. 2 (en realidad) actually, in fact: real
mente no haca tanto fro in fact it wasn't
too cold.
realzar vt 1 (elevar) to raise, lift. 2 fig
(engrandecer) to enhance, heighten.
reanimar vt 1 (persona) to revive. 2
(fiesta, conversacin) to liven up.
P vpr reanimarse (persona) to revive.
reanudar vt (gen) to renew, resume.
reaparecer vi 1 (gen) to reappear. 2 (un
artista, etc) to make a comeback. 3 (un fe-
nmeno) to recur.
reavivar vt 1 (fuego) to stoke. 2 (dolor)
to intensify; (inters) to revive.
rebaba nf rough edge.
rebaja nf (descuento) discount, reduc-
tion.
P nf pl rebajas sales.
rebajado,-a adj 1 (precio) reduced. 2
(humillado) humbled.
rebajar vt 1 (nivel) to lower. 2 (precio) to
reduce. 3 (color) to soften. 4 fig (humi-
llar) to humiliate.
P vpr rebajarse fig (humillarse) to hum-
ble os.
rebanada nf slice.
rebaar vt (comida) to finish off.
recapacitar
rebao nm (gen) herd; (de ovejas) flock.
rebeca nf cardigan.
rebelarse vpr to rebel, revolt.
rebelde adj 1 rebellious. 2 fig (tos, etc)
persistent.
P nm o nf rebel.
rebelin nf rebellion, revolt.
reblandecer vt to soften.
P vpr reblandecerse to soften.
rebobinar vt to rewind.
reborde nm (de mesa) edge; (de taza, de
tela) edging.
rebosar vi 1 (derramarse) to overflow,
brim over. 2 fig to brim (de, with),
burst (de, with): rebosar de alegra to be
brimming with joy.
P vt fig (sentimiento) to brim with; (sa-
lud) to exude.
rebotar vi (pelota) to bounce, rebound.
rebote nm (de baln) bounce, rebound.
l o c de rebote fig on the rebound.
rebozado,-a adj coated in batter.
rebozar vt culin to coat in batter.
rebrotar vi to shoot, sprout.
rebuscado,-a adj affected, recherch.
rebuscar vt to search carefully for.
rebuznar vi to bray.
rebuzno nm bray, braying.
recabar vt 1 (solicitar) to ask for, en-
treat. 2 (obtener) to manage to get.
recadero,-a nm & nf (gen) messenger.
recado nm 1 (mensaje) message. 2 (en-
cargo) errand: me hizo un recado she ran
the errand for me.
P nm pl recados (compras) shopping R
sing.
recaer vi (enfermedad) to relapse, have
a relapse.
recada nf (enfermedad) relapse. l o c su
frir una recada to have a relapse.
recalcar vt fig to emphasize, stress.
recalentar vt 1 (volver a calentar) to warm
up. 2 (calentar demasiado) to overheat.
recmara nf 1 (cuarto) dressing room.
2 (de arma) chamber.
recambio nm spare, spare part; (de
pluma, bolgrafo) refill.
recapacitar vi to think (sobre, over).
 recapitular
recapitular vt to recapitulate, sum up.
recargado,-a adj fig (exagerado) overe-
laborate, exaggerated, contrived.
recargar vt 1 (volver a cargar) to reload;
(pilas) to recharge; (mechero) to refill. 2
(sobrecargar) to overload. 3 fig (exage-
rar) to overelaborate, exaggerate.
recargo nm extra charge, surcharge.
recatado,-a adj 1 (prudente) cautious,
prudent. 2 (decente) decent.
recauchutar vt to retread, remould.
recaudar vt to collect.
recelar vt 1 (sospechar) to suspect, dis-
trust. 2 (temer) to fear.
P vi (desconfiar) to be suspicious ( de,
of): recela de todos he is suspicious of
everybody.
recelo nm suspicion.
recepcin nf 1 (gen) reception. 2 (de do-
cumento, carta, etc) receipt.
recepcionista nm o nf receptionist.
receptivo,-a adj receptive (a, to).
receptor,-ra nm & nf receiver, recipi-
ent.
P nm receptor (de radio, etc) receiver.
receta nf 1 med prescription. 2 culin
recipe.
recetar vt to prescribe.
rechazar vt 1 (gen) to reject, turn
down. 2 (ataque) to repel, drive back.
rechazo nm 1 rejection, refusal. 2 (ne-
gativa) denial, rejection.
rechinar vi (madera) to creak; (metal) to
squeak, screech; (dientes) to grind.
rechistar vi to say, reply.
rechoncho,-a adj fam chubby, tubby.
rechupete l o c de rechupete fam (muy
bien) super, brill, fantastic. (comida)
delicious, scrumptious.
recibidor nm (de casa) entrance hall.
recibimiento nm reception, wel-
come.
recibir vt 1 (gen) to receive. 2 (salir al en-
cuentro) to meet: nos recibi en la puerta
he met us at the door.
recibo nm 1 (resguardo) receipt. 2 (factu-
ra) invoice, bill.
reciclar vt (materiales) to recycle.
300
recin adv [se usa slo ante un participio
pasado] recently, newly; (caf, pan)
freshly: un pastel recin hecho a freshly
baked cake. l o c Recin pintado
Wet paint.
reciente adj recent.
recinto nm grounds pl, precincts pl.
recio,-a adj (fuerte) strong, robust.
recipiente nm container, receptacle.
recproco,-a adj reciprocal, mutual:
un sentimiento recproco a mutual feeling.
recital nm 1 ms recital, concert. 2 lit
reading: recital de poesa poetry reading.
recitar vt to recite.
reclamacin nf 1 (demanda) claim, de-
mand. 2 (queja) complaint. l o c pre
sentar una reclamacin to lodge a
complaint.
reclamar vt (pedir) to demand, claim.
P vi (protestar) to protest ( contra ,
against): reclamaron contra aquella medi
da they protested against the measure.
reclamo nm 1 (para cazar) decoy bird,
lure. 2 (anuncio) advertisement; (eslo-
gan) advertising slogan.
reclinar vt to lean.
P vpr reclinarse to lean back, recline:
se reclin sobre la almohada he lent back
on the pillow.
recluir vt (encerrar) to shut in.
recluso,-a nm & nf prisoner.
recluta nm o nf recruit.
reclutar vt to recruit.
recobrar vt 1 (gen) to recover. 2 (aliento)
to get back. 3 (tiempo) to make up.
P vpr recobrarse (recuperarse) to recover
(de, from).
recodo nm twist.
recogedor nm dustpan.
recoger vt 1 (volver a coger) to take
again, take back. 2 (coger) to pick up,
take back. 3 (ir a buscar) to pick up,
collect: me recoger a las cuatro he'll pick
me up at four o'clock. 4 (cosecha) to har-
vest, gather; (fruta) to pick. 5 (juntar)
to gather, collect. 6 (velas) to take in;
(cortinas) to draw. 7 (dar asilo) to take
in, shelter: lo recogieron sus abuelos he
 301
was taken in by his grandparents. 8 (or-
denar) to clear up, tidy up.
P vpr recogerse 1 (irse a casa) to go
home. 2 (irse a dormir) to go to bed.
recolectar vt 1 (reunir) to gather, col-
lect. 2 (cosechar) to harvest.
recomendar vt to recommend, ad-
vise: te recomiendo que estudies ms I rec-
ommend that you study harder.
recompensa nf reward, recompense.
l o c en recompensa in return.
recompensar vt 1 (compensar) to com-
pensate. 2 (remunerar) to reward.
recomponer vt to repair, mend.
reconcentrar vt 1 (concentrar) to con-
centrate (en, to). 2 (reunir) to bring
together.
P vpr reconcentrarse (ensimismarse) to
become absorbed in thought, con-
centrate.
reconciliar vt to reconcile.
P vpr reconciliarse (uso recproco) to be
reconciled.
recndito,-a adj hidden, secret.
reconfortar vt 1 (confortar) to comfort.
2 (animar) to cheer up.
reconocer vt 1 (gen) to recognize. 2
(admitir) to recognize, admit: reconoci
su error she admitted her mistake. 3
(afrontar) to face: reconozcmoslo let's
face it. 4 mil (terreno) to reconnoitre (us
reconnoiter). 5 med (paciente) to ex-
amine.
P vpr reconocerse 1 to recognize each
other. 2 (admitirse) to admit: se recono
ci culpable he admitted his guilt.
reconocimiento nm 1 (gen) recogni-
tion. 2 (admisin) admission. 3 mil re-
connaissance. 4 med checkup.
reconstituyente nm tonic.
reconstruir vt to reconstruct.
reconvertir vt to restructure.
recopilar vt to compile, collect.
rcord adj record: en un tiempo rcord in
record time.
P nm record.
recordar vt 1 (rememorar) to remember:
recuerdas? do you remember? 2 (traer a
la memoria) to remind (a, of): me recuer
recuerdo
da a mi hermano he reminds me of my
brother.
recorrer vt 1 (distancia) to cover, travel. 2
(pas) to tour, travel over, travel
round. 3 (ciudad) to visit, walk round.
recorrido nm 1 (trayecto) journey, trip.
2 (distancia) distance travelled: un tren
de largo recorrido a long-distance train. 3
(itinerario) itinerary, route.
recortar vt 1 (muecos, telas, etc) to cut
out. 2 (lo que sobra) to cut off. 3 (el pelo)
to trim. 4 fig to cut, restrict: han recor
tado los gastos expenses have been cut.
recorte nm 1 (accin) cutting. 2 (trozo)
cutting, clipping. 3 (de peridico) press
clipping, newspaper cutting. 4 (de pe-
lo) trim, cut. 5 fig (reduccin) cut, reduc-
tion: recorte del presupuesto budget cut.
recostar vt to lean.
P vpr recostarse 1 (apoyarse) to lean. 2
(tumbarse) to lie down.
recoveco nm turn, bend.
recrear vt (divertir) to amuse, entertain.
P vpr recrearse to amuse os, enjoy os.
recreo nm (en la escuela) playtime, break.
recriminar vt 1 (reprender) to recrimi-
nate. 2 (reprochar) to reproach.
recrudecer vi (empeorar) to worsen,
aggravate.
P vpr recrudecerse 1 (empeorar) to
worsen. 2 (aumentar) to be increasing.
recta nf 1 (lnea) straight line. 2 (en ca-
rretera) straight.
rectangular adj rectangular.
rectngulo,-a adj rectangular: trin
gulo rectngulo right-angled triangle. R
P nm rectngulo rectangle.
rectificar vt 1 to rectify. 2 (corregir) to
correct.
recto,-a adj 1 (derecho) straight. 3 (ngu-
lo) right.
P adv straight, straight on: vaya todo
recto go straight on.
recuadro nm box.
recubrir vt to cover (con/de, with).
recuento nm recount, count.
recuerdo nm 1 (imagen) memory. 2 (re-
galo) souvenir, keepsake.
l o c en recuerdo de in memory of.
 recular 302
P nm pl recuerdos (saludos) regards: me
dio recuerdos para ti he sends you his re-
gards.
recular vi (retroceder) to go back.
recuperacin nf recovery.
recuperar vt 1 (gen) to recover. 2 (afec-
to) to win back; (conocimiento) to re-
gain; (tiempo, clases) to make up.
P vpr recuperarse to recover (de, from).
recurrir vi (acogerse - a algo) to resort (a,
to); (- a algn) to turn (a, to): recurri a
sus padres she turned to her parents.
recurso nm (medio) resort.
P nm pl recursos resources, means.
red nf 1 (gen) net. 2 (sistema) network,
system. 3 elec mains pl . 4 inform
network. 5 fig (trampa) trap. c o m p red
de carreteras road network.
redaccin nf 1 (escritura) writing. 2 (es-
crito) composition, essay. 3 (estilo)
wording. 4 (oficina) editorial office. 5
(redactores) editorial staff.
redactar vt (escribir) to write.
redactor,-ra nm & nf editor. c o m p re
dactor jefe editor in chief.
redada nf fig raid.
redencin nf redemption.
redescubrir vt to rediscover.
redil nm fold, sheepfold.
redimir vt to redeem.
P vpr redimirse to redeem os.
redoblar vt (aumentar) to redouble: re
doblar esfuerzos to redouble one's efforts.
P vi (tambores) to roll.
redoble nm roll.
redonda l o c a la redonda around.
redondear vt 1 (poner redondo) to round,
make round. 2 (cantidad) to round up.
redondo,-a adj 1 (circular) round. 2 fig
(perfecto) perfect, excellent: un benefi
cio redondo an excellent profit. 3 fig (can-
tidad) round: en nmeros redondos in
round figures.
reduccin nf reduction.
reducir vt 1 (gen) to reduce: reducir a ce
nizas to reduce to ashes. 2 (disminuir) to
reduce, cut, cut down on: reducir gas
tos to cut down on expenses.
P vpr reducirse 1 (gen) to be reduced. 2
(resultar) to come down (a, to): todo se
redujo a una equivocacin it all came
down to a mistake.
redundante adj redundant.
redundar vi 1 (abundar) to abound. 2
(resultar) to redound (en, to): redund en
nuestro beneficio it was to our advantage.
reembolsar vt 1 (pagar) to reimburse.
2 (devolver) to refund.
reembolso nm 1 (pago) reimburse-
ment. 2 (devolucin) refund. c o m p con
tra reembolso cash on delivery.
reemplazar vt to replace.
reemplazo nm 1 replacement. 2 mil
call-up.
reencarnacin nf reincarnation.
reencuentro nm reunion.
reestreno nm (teatro) revival; (cine)
rerelease, rerun.
reestructurar vt to restructure.
referencia nf (relacin) reference. l o c
hacer referencia a algo to refer to sth.
P nf pl referencias (informes) references.
referndum nm inv referendum.
referente adj concerning ( a, -), re-
garding (a, -).
referir vt 1 (expresar) to tell, relate. 2
(remitir) to refer.
P vpr referirse to refer (a, to).
refiln l o c mirar algo de refiln to look
at sth out of the corner of one's eye.
refinado,-a adj (gen) refined.
refinamiento nm refinement.
refinar vt (azcar, etc) to refine.
refinera nf refinery.
reflector,-ra adj reflecting.
P nm reflector 1 (cuerpo) reflector. 2
elec searchlight, spotlight.
reflejar vt 1 (gen) to reflect. 2 (mostrar)
to show: su rostro refleja sus sentimientos
her face shows her feelings.
P vpr reflejarse to be reflected.
reflejo,-a adj (movimiento) reflex.
P nm reflejo 1 (imagen) reflection. 2
(destello) gleam, glint.
reflexin nf reflection.
 303
reflexionar vi to reflect (sobre, on),
think (sobre, about): reflexionamos so
bre el tema we reflected on the subject.
reflexivo,-a adj reflective, thoughtful.
reforma nf 1 (gen) reform. 2 (mejora)
improvement.
P nf pl reformas (en construccin) altera-
tions, repairs, improvements. c o m p
reforma agraria agrarian reform.
reformar vt 1 (gen) to reform. 2 arquit
to renovate, do up.
P vpr reformarse (corregirse) to reform os.
reformatear vt inform to reformat.
reformatorio nm reformatory, re-
form school. c o m p reformatorio de
menores remand home.
reforzar vt to reinforce, strengthen.
refraccin nf refraction. c o m p ngulo
de refraccin angle of refraction.
refrn nm proverb, saying.
refregar vt 1 to rub hard. 2 fam fig to
rub in: me refreg mi error he kept on
about my mistake.
refrenar vt to restrain, curb, control.
refrescante adj refreshing.
refrescar vt 1 (poner fresco) to cool, re-
fresh. 2 fig (la memoria) to refresh;
(idiomas) to brush up on.
P vi 1 (el tiempo) to get cooler, cool
down, turn cooler. 2 (comida, bebida)
to be refreshing.
P vpr refrescarse 1 (gen) to cool down,
cool off; (lavarse) to freshen up; (tomar
el fresco) to get a breath of fresh air. 2
(beber) to have a cold drink.
refresco nm (bebida) soft drink.
refriega nf (lucha) scuffle, brawl.
refrigeracin nf 1 refrigeration. 2 (aire
acondicionado) air conditioning. 3 (siste-
ma) cooling system.
refrigerador nm fridge, refrigerator.
refrigerar vt 1 (enfriar) to refrigerate. 2
(con aire acondicionado) to air-condition.
refrigerio nm refreshments pl, snack.
refuerzo nm (fortalecimiento) reinforce-
ment, strengthening.
refugiado,-a nm & nf refugee. c o m p re
fugiado poltico political refugee.
refugiar vt to shelter, give refuge to.
regir
Pvpr refugiarse (gen) to take refuge;
(de la lluvia) to shelter.
refugio nm (gen) shelter, refuge.
refunfuar vi fam to grumble, moan.
refutar vt to refute, disprove.
regadera nf watering can.
regado,-a adj irrigable.
P nm regado 1 (accin) irrigation, wa-
tering. 2 (tierras) irrigated land. c o m p
cultivo de regado irrigation farming.
regalar vt (dar un regalo) to give as a
present: le podemos regalar un libro para
su cumpleaos we can get him a book for
his birthday.
regaliz nm liquorice (us licorice).
regalo nm 1 (obsequio) gift, present. 2
(ganga) bargain, steal.
regaadientes loc a regaadientes
reluctantly, grudgingly, unwillingly.
regaar vt to scold, tell off.
P vi (reir) to argue, quarrel, fall out:
no hacen ms que regaar they're always
quarrelling.
regar vt 1 (plantas, tierra, ro) to water. 2
(calle) to wash down, hose down.
regata nf mar regatta, boat race.
regatear vt 1 (un precio) to haggle over,
barter for. 2 (escatimar) to be sparing
with. l o c no regatear esfuerzos to
spare no effort.
P vi 1 (comerciar) to haggle, bargain. 2
dep to dribble. 3 mar to race.
regateo nm 1 (precios) haggling, bar-
gaining. 2 dep dribbling.
regazo nm lap.
regenerar vt to regenerate. R
regentar vt 1 pol to govern, rule. 2
(cargo) to hold. 3 (dirigir) to manage.
regente,-a adj ruling, governing.
P nm o nf pol regent.
reggae nm reggae.
rgimen nm 1 pol regime. 2 med diet.
3 (condiciones) system, regime, rules pl.
l o c estar a rgimen to be on a diet.
regimiento nm regiment.
regio,-a adj (real) royal, regal.
regin nf region.
regir vt 1 (gobernar) to govern, rule. 2
(dirigir) to manage, direct, run.
 registrador
P vi (ley, etc) to be in force, apply: esta
ley an rige this law is still in force.
P vpr regirse (guiarse) to follow, abide
(por, by), go (por, by): se rige por la opi
nin de su padre he goes by his father's
opinion.
registrador,-ra adj registering, re-
cording: caja registradora cash register.
P nm & nf registrar.
registrar vt 1 (inspeccionar) to search. 2
(cachear) to frisk. 3 (inscribir) to register,
record, note.
P vpr registrarse 1 (matricularse) to reg-
ister, enrol (us enroll). 2 (detectarse) to
be recorded. 3 (ocurrir) to happen: se
ha registrado un terremoto there has been
an earthquake.
registro nm 1 (inspeccin) search, in-
spection. 2 (inscripcin) registration,
recording. 3 jur (oficina) registry. c o m p
registro civil (oficina) registry office.
regla nf 1 (norma) rule. 2 (pauta) pat-
tern, rule. 3 (instrumento) ruler. 4 (mens-
truacin) period. l o c en regla in order.
reglamentar vt to regulate.
reglamentario,-a adj statutory, pre-
scribed, required; (arma) regulation.
reglamento nm regulations pl, rules pl.
reglar vt (regular) to regulate.
regocijarse vpr 1 (alegrarse) to be de-
lighted (con, by). 2 (regodearse) to de-
light (de, in), take pleasure (de, in).
regocijo nm (placer) delight, joy.
regresar vi to return, come back, go
back.
regreso nm return. l o c estar de regre
so to be back.
reguero nm 1 (corriente) trickle of wa-
ter. 2 (seal) trail, trickle.
regular adj 1 (gen) regular. 2 fam (pasa-
ble) so-so, average, not bad.
P vt 1 (gen) to regulate. 2 (ajustar) to
adjust.
regularizar vt to regularize; (normalizar)
to standardize; (arreglar) to sort out.
rehabilitar vt to rehabilitate.
P nf (en rango) to reinstate.
rehacer vt (volver a hacer) to do again.
304
P vpr rehacerse (recuperarse) to recover,
recuperate.
rehn nm o nf hostage.
rehogar vt to fry lightly.
rehuir vt to avoid, shun.
rehusar vt to refuse, decline: rehus la
invitacin I declined the invitation.
reimprimir vt to reprint.
reina nf (gen) queen.
reinado nm reign.
reinar vi 1 to reign. 2 fig (prevalecer) to
reign, prevail: reina el desconcierto dis-
order reigns.
reincidente adj 1 relapsing. 2 jur re-
offending, recidivist.
P nm o nf jur reoffender, recidivist.
reincidir vi 1 to relapse (en, into), fall
back (en, into). 2 jur to reoffend.
reincorporar vt to reincorporate.
P vpr reincorporarse to rejoin (a, -): se
reincorporar al trabajo el lunes she will go
back to work on Monday.
reiniciar vt to restart.
reino nm kingdom, reign.
reinsercin nf reintegration, rehabil-
itation: la reinsercin social social reha-
bilitation.
reinsertar vt to reintegrate.
P vpr reinsertarse to reintegrate.
reintegrar vt 1 (reincorporar) to rein-
state, restore. 2 (pagar) to refund, re-
imburse.
P vpr reintegrarse (volver a ejercer) to re-
turn (a, to): se reintegr a su puesto he
returned to his job.
reintegro nm 1 fin reimbursement,
repayment, refund. 2 (de lotera) re-
fund of the price of the ticket.
rer vt to laugh at: rer las gracias to laugh
at jokes.
P vi to laugh.
P vpr rerse to laugh (de, at): de qu te
res? what are you laughing at?
reiterar vt to reiterate, repeat.
reiterativo,-a adj repetitive.
reivindicacin nf claim, demand.
reivindicar vt to claim, demand.
reivindicativo,-a adj protest.
reja nf (de ventana) grill, grille, bar.
 305
rejilla nf 1 (celosa) grill, grille. 2 (de chi-
menea) grate. 3 (de silla) wickerwork.
4 (de horno) grid iron. 5 (de ventilador)
grill. 6 (para equipaje) luggage rack.
rejuvenecer vt to rejuvenate.
P vpr rejuvenecerse to become reju-
venated.
relacin nf 1 (correspondencia) relation,
relationship. 2 (conexin) link, con-
nection. 3 (lista) list, record. 4 (relato)
account, telling. 5 (en matemtica) ra-
tio.
P nf pl relaciones (conocidos) acquaint-
ances; (contactos) contacts, connec-
tions. l o c con relacin a / en relacin a
with regard to, regarding.
relacionar vt 1 (poner en relacin) to re-
late, connect, associate. 2 (relatar) to
tell, list.
P vpr relacionarse 1 (estar conectado) to
be related (con, to), be connected
( con , with). 2 (alternar) to get ac-
quainted ( con , with), mix ( con ,
with), meet (con, -).
relajante adj relaxing.
relajar vt (gen) to relax.
P vpr relajarse (descansar) to relax.
relamer vt to lick.
P vpr relamerse to lick one's lips re-
peatedly.
relamido,-a adj (pulcro) prim and
proper.
relmpago nm flash of lightning.
relampaguear vi [se usa slo en tercera
persona; no lleva sujeto] to flash.
relatar vt 1 (una historia) to narrate, tell.
2 (un suceso) to report, tell.
relativizar vt to lessen the impor-
tance of, play down.
relativo,-a adj relative.
relato nm 1 (narracin) story, tale. 2 (in-
forme) report, account.
relegar vt to relegate (a, to).
relente nm dew.
relevante adj 1 (significativo) relevant. 2
(importante) excellent, outstanding.
relevar vt 1 (sustituir) to relieve, take
over from. 2 (eximir) to exempt (de,
from). 3 (destituir) to dismiss, relieve.
remate
relevo nm 1 mil relief, change of the
guard. 2 dep relay.
relieve nm 1 relief. 2 fig (renombre) re-
nown, fame. l o c en relieve in relief. y
poner de relieve fig to emphasize,
highlight, underline.
religin nf religion.
religioso,-a adj religious.
P nm & nf (hombre) monk; (mujer) nun.
relinchar vi to neigh, whinny.
reliquia nf relic.
rellano nm landing.
rellenar vt 1 (volver a llenar) to refill, fill
again. 2 (cuestionario) to fill in, fill out.
3 culin (ave) to stuff; (pastel) to fill.
relleno,-a adj 1 (totalmente lleno) stuffed.
2 culin stuffed; (pasteles) filled.
P nm relleno culin (aves) stuffing; (pas-
teles) filling.
reloj nm clock; (de pulsera) watch. l o c
contra reloj against the clock. c o m p
reloj de arena hourglass. y reloj de pul
sera wristwatch.
relojera nf 1 (arte) watchmaking. 2
(tienda) watchmaker's, jeweller's.
relojero,-a nm & nf watchmaker.
reluciente adj shining, gleaming.
relucir vi (brillar) to shine, gleam. l o c
sacar a relucir algo to bring up sth.
relumbrar vi to shine, dazzle, gleam.
remachar vt (clavo, etc) to clinch; (metal)
to rivet.
remangar vt (mangas, pantalones) to roll
up; (faldas, vestidos) to pull up, hitch up.
P vpr remangarse fig to decide quick-
ly, make a snap decision. R
remanso nm 1 (estanque) pool. 2 (lugar
tranquilo) quiet place.
remar vi to row.
remarcar vt to stress, underline.
rematado,-a adj 1 absolute, utter,
out-and-out. 2 convicted.
rematar vt 1 (acabar) to finish off,
round off. 2 (precios) to knock down.
3 dep to shoot.
P vi dep to take a shot at goal, shoot.
remate nm 1 (final) end, finish. 2 dep
shot. l o c de remate fam utter, out-
and-out, total.
 remediar
remediar vt 1 (poner remedio) to reme-
dy. 2 (reparar) to repair, make good. 3
(resolver) to solve.
remedio nm 1 (cura) remedy, cure. 2
fig (solucin) solution. l o c como lti
mo remedio as a last resort. y no te
ner ms remedio que to have no
choice but to.
rememorar vt to remember, recall.
remendar vt cost to mend; (ropas) to
patch; (calcetines) to darn.
remero,-a nm & nf dep rower; (hombre)
oarsman; (mujer) oarswoman.
remesa nf 1 (de dinero) remittance. 2 (de
mercancas) consignment, shipment.
remeter vt (meter adentro) to tuck in.
remiendo nm mend, darn.
remilgado,-a adj 1 (afectado) affected.
2 (con la comida) fussy, finicky.
remite nm sender's name and address.
remitente nm o nf sender.
remitir vt 1 (enviar) to remit, send. 2
(referir) to refer.
P vi (ceder) to subside: la fiebre ha remiti
do the fever has subsided.
P vpr remitirse (atenerse) to refer ( a ,
to): se remiti a su propio acuerdo he re-
ferred to his own agreement.
remo nm 1 (pala) oar, paddle. 2 dep
rowing.
remodelar vt (modificar) to reshape.
remojar vt (empapar) to soak (en, in).
remojo nm soaking. l o c poner en re
mojo to soak, leave to soak.
remolacha nf beetroot. c o m p remola
cha azucarera sugar beet.
remolcador nm 1 mar tug, tugboat. 2
auto breakdown truck.
remolcar vt to tow.
remolino nm 1 (de polvo) whirl, cloud;
(de agua) whirlpool, eddy; (de aire)
whirlwind. 2 (de pelo) tuft.
remoln,-ona adj lazy, slack.
remolonear vi to shirk, slack.
remolque nm 1 (accin) towing. 2 (veh-
culo) trailer.
remontar vt 1 (elevar) to raise. 2 (subir) to
go up. 3 (ro) to sail up; (vuelo) to soar.
306
P vpr remontarse 1 (al volar) to soar. 2
(datar) to go back (a, to).
remorder vt fig (desasosegar) to trouble,
worry.
remordimiento nm remorse.
remoto,-a adj remote, far-off.
remover vt 1 (trasladar) to move. 2 (tie-
rra) to turn over, dig up. 3 (lquido) to
stir. 4 (comida) to stir; (ensalada) to toss.
5 fig (agitar) to get moving, stir up.
P vpr removerse to stir, shift.
remunerar vt to remunerate, reward.
renacimiento nm 1 (vuelta a nacer) re-
birth. 2 fig revival, renaissance. 3 el
Renacimiento hist the Renaissance.
renacuajo nm 1 zool tadpole. 2 fam
(nio) shrimp.
rencor nm 1 (odio) rancour (us rancor).
2 (resentimiento) resentment.
rencoroso,-a adj 1 (hostil) rancorous. 2
(resentido) resentful.
rendido,-a adj 1 (sumiso) humble, sub-
missive. 2 (muy cansado) worn out,
exhausted.
rendija nf crack, split.
rendimiento nm 1 (produccin - de terreno)
yield; (- de mquina) output; (- de perso-
na) progress, performance; (- de inver-
sin) yield, return. 2 (trabajo - de motor,
mquina) performance.
rendir vt 1 (vencer) to defeat, conquer.
2 (cansar) to exhaust, wear out. 3
(producir) to yield, produce; (progresar)
to progress.
P vi (dar fruto) to pay.
P vpr rendirse 1 (entregarse al enemigo) to
surrender, give in. 2 (darse por vencido)
to give up: me rindo! I give up!
renegar vt (negar) to deny vigorously.
P vi 1 (gen) to renounce (de, -). 2 (pro-
testar) to grumble, complain.
rengln nm (lnea) line.
reno nm reindeer.
renombre nm renown, fame.
renovacin nf 1 (de contrato, etc) renew-
al. 2 (de casa) renovation.
renovar vt 1 (gen) to renew. 2 (casa) to
renovate; (de decoracin) to redecorate.
 307
renta nf 1 (ingresos) income. 2 (declara-
cin de renta) tax return. 3 (beneficio) in-
terest, return. 4 (alquiler) rent. c o m p
renta per cpita per capita income.
rentable adj profitable.
rentar vt to produce, yield.
renuncia nf 1 renunciation. 2 (dimisin)
resignation.
renunciar vi 1 (abandonar) to give up
(a, -), abandon (a, -). 2 (dimitir) to re-
sign. 3 to renounce (a, -).
reido,-a adj 1 (enemistado) on bad
terms, at odds. 2 (de rivalidad) bitter,
tough, hard-fought.
reir vi 1 (discutir) to quarrel, argue. 2
(desavenirse) to fall out.
P vt (reprender) to scold, tell off.
reojo l o c de reojo out of the corner
of one's eye.
repantigarse vpr fam to lounge, loll.
reparacin nf 1 (arreglo) repair. 2 fig
(desagravio) reparation, redress pl.
reparar vt 1 (arreglar) to repair, mend,
fix. 2 (remediar - dao) to make good;
(- perjuicio, insulto) to make up for.
reparo nm objection. l o c no tener re
paros en not to hesitate to.
reparticin nf distribution.
repartidor,-ra nm & nf (hombre) delivery
man; (mujer) delivery woman; (chico)
delivery boy; (chica) delivery girl.
repartir vt 1 (dividir) to distribute, di-
vide, share out. 2 (entregar) to give
out, hand out; (correo, leche) to deliver;
(premios) to give out. 3 (comida) to
hand out. 4 (distribuir) to spread out.
reparto nm 1 (divisin) sharing out, divi-
sion; (distribucin) distribution. 2 (de un
terreno) parcelling out; (de un pas) parti-
tion. 3 (entrega) handing out; (de mercan-
cas) delivery. 4 (de obra, pelcula) cast.
repasar vt (volver a examinar) to revise,
go over.
repaso nm check; (leccin) review. c o m p
curso de repaso refresher course.
repatriar vt to repatriate.
repecho nm short steep slope.
repelente adj repellent, repulsive.
reportero
repeler vt 1 (rechazar) to repel, repulse.
2 (repugnar) to disgust, repel.
repente nm 1 fam (movimiento) sudden
movement. 2 fam (ataque) fit. l o c de
repente suddenly, all of a sudden.
repentino,-a adj sudden.
repercusin nf repercussion.
repercutir vi fig (trascender) to have re-
percussions (en, on), affect.
repertorio nm 1 (resumen) list, index. 2
teat repertoire, repertory.
repesca nf fam second chance; (exa-
men) resit. l o c hacer un examen de re
pesca to resit an exam.
repeticin nf (gen) repetition.
repetido,-a adj repeated.
repetidor,-ra nm & nf educ repeat stu-
dent.
P nm repetidor tc relay, booster sta-
tion.
repetir vt 1 (gen) to repeat: se lo repet
dos veces I told him twice. 2 (volver a ha-
cer) to do again, do over again.
P vi 1 (volver a servirse) to have a second
helping. 2 educ to repeat a year.
P vpr repetirse 1 (persona) to repeat os.
2 (hecho) to recur.
repetitivo,-a adj repetitive.
repicar vt (campanas) to peal, ring out.
repique nm peal, ringing.
repisa nf ledge, shelf.
replantear vt (asunto, problema) to re-
consider, rethink.
replegarse vpr to withdraw, retreat.
repleto,-a adj jam-packed (de, with). R
rplica nf 1 (respuesta) answer, reply.
replicar vt (contestar) to answer, reply.
P vi to argue, answer back.
repliegue nm (pliegue) fold, crease.
repoblar vt to repopulate; (bosque) to
reafforest, reforest.
repollo nm cabbage.
reponer vt 1 (reemplazar) to replace. 2
(en el cine) to rerun.
P vpr reponerse (salud, susto) to recover.
reportaje nm 1 (prensa, radio) report. 2
(noticias) article, news item.
reportero,-a nm & nf reporter.
reposar
reposar vi 1 (descansar) to rest, take a
rest. 2 (yacer) to rest, lie, be buried. 3
(un lquido) to settle. l o c dejar reposar
culin to leave to stand.
reposo nm 1 (descanso) rest. 2 (tranquili-
dad) peace.
repostar vt 1 (provisiones) to stock up
with. 2 (coche) to fill up.
repostera nf (pastas) cakes pl; (chocola-
te, bombones) confectionery.
reprender vt to reprimand, scold.
represa nf dam.
represalia nf reprisal, retaliation.
representacin nf 1 (gen) representa-
tion. 2 teat performance. l o c en repre
sentacin de as a representative of.
representante adj representative.
P nm o nf representative.
representar vt 1 (gen) to represent. 2
(smbolo) to represent, stand for: una
paloma representa la paz a dove stands for
peace. 3 teat (obra) to perform; (papel)
to play (the part of).
representativo,-a adj representative.
represin nf repression.
represivo,-a adj repressive.
reprimenda nf reprimand.
reprimido,-a adj repressed.
P nm & nf repressed person.
reprimir vt (gen) to repress, suppress.
P vpr reprimirse to control os.
reprochar vt to reproach, censure.
reproche nm reproach, criticism.
reproduccin nf reproduction.
reproducir vt to reproduce, repeat.
P vpr reproducirse 1 (gen) to repro-
duce. 2 (volver a ocurrir) to recur.
reproductor,-ra adj 1 (gen) reproduc-
ing. 2 anat reproductive.
reptar vi (arrastrarse) to crawl, slither.
reptil nm reptile.
repblica nf republic.
republicano,-a adj republican.
P nm & nf republican.
repudiar vt to repudiate.
repuesto,-a nm 1 (prevencin) store,
supply, stock. 2 (recambio) spare,
308
spare part. loc de repuesto spare, in
reserve.
repugnante adj repugnant, disgust-
ing.
repugnar vt 1 (negar) to deny. 2 (contra-
decir) to contradict.
repujado,-a adj embossed, repouss.
repujar vt to emboss.
repulsin nf repulsion, repugnance.
repulsivo,-a adj repulsive, revolting.
repuntar vi 1 (la marea) to turn. 2 (eco-
noma) to recover, pick up.
reputacin nf reputation.
requemado,-a adj scorched, burnt.
requemar vt 1 (gen) to scorch, burn.
requerimiento nm 1 (splica) request.
2 jur (aviso) summons pl; (intimacin)
injunction.
requerir vt 1 (necesitar) to require,
need: esto requiere gran paciencia this re-
quires a lot of patience. 2 (decir con autori-
dad) to demand, call for. 3 (solicitar) to
request.
requesn nm cottage cheese.
rquiem nm requiem.
requisar vt 1 mil to requisition. 2 fam
(apropiarse) to grab, swipe.
requisito nm requisite, requirement.
res nf (gen) beast, animal; (cabeza de ga-
nado) head.
resaca nf 1 (de las olas) undertow, un-
dercurrent. 2 (de borrachera) hangover.
resaltar vi fig (distinguirse) to stand out
(de, from).
P vt to highlight, stress, emphasize.
resbaladizo,-a adj slippery.
resbalar vi 1 (deslizarse) to slide. 2 (sin
querer - persona) to slip.
resbaln nm slip.
rescatar vt 1 (rehn, nufrago, persona
atrapada, etc) to rescue; (cadver) to re-
cover; (ciudad) to recapture. 2 (recupe-
rar) to recover.
rescate nm 1 (salvamento) rescue; (de ciu-
dad) recapture. 2 (dinero) ransom. 3
(recuperacin) recovery, recapture.
resecar vt to dry up.
P vpr resecarse to dry up.
 309
reseco,-a adj (seco) very dry, parched.
resentido,-a adj resentful. l o c estar
resentido,-a con algn to bear resent-
ment towards sb.
resentimiento nm resentment.
resea nf 1 (crtica) review; (en prensa)
write-up. 2 (descripcin) description.
resear vt 1 (crtica) to review. 2 (descri-
bir) to describe.
reserva nf 1 (de plazas, entradas) book-
ing, reservation. 2 (provisin) reserve;
(existencias) stock. 3 (cautela) reserva-
tion. 4 (discrecin) discretion, reserve.
5 (vino) vintage. 6 (de animales) reserve;
(de personas) reservation. 7 mil re-
serve, reserves pl.
P nf pl reservas com reserves, stock
sing.
reservado,-a adj 1 (persona) reserved.
2 (asunto) confidential.
P nm reservado (en local) private room;
(en tren) reserved compartment.
reservar vt 1 (plazas, etc) to book, re-
serve. 2 (guardar) to keep, save. 3
(ocultar) to withhold, keep to os.
P vpr reservarse 1 (conservarse) to save
os (para, for). 2 to withhold, keep to
os : se reserv su opinin she kept her
opinion to herself.
resfriado,-a adj with a cold.
P nm resfriado cold.
resfriar vt (enfriar) to cool.
P vpr resfriarse med to catch a cold.
resguardar vt 1 (proteger) to protect
(de, from), shelter (de, from). 2 (sal-
vaguardar) to safeguard (de, against).
P vpr resguardarse (protegerse) to pro-
tect os.
resguardo nm 1 (proteccin) protection,
shelter. 2 (garanta) safeguard, guar-
antee. 3 (recibo) receipt, ticket.
residencia nf (gen) residence. c o m p re
sidencia de ancianos old people's
home.
residir vi 1 to reside (en, in), live (en,
in). 2 fig to lie (en, in).
residuo nm residue.
P nm pl residuos waste sing, refuse sing.
resignacin nf resignation.
respetar
resignado,-a adj resigned.
resignar vt to resign, relinquish.
P vpr resignarse to resign os (a, to).
resina nf resin.
resistencia nf 1 (gen) resistance. 2
(aguante) endurance, stamina. 3 (opo-
sicin) resistance, opposition. 4 elec
resistance. 5 (de materiales) strength.
resistente adj 1 (que resiste) resistant (a,
to). 2 (fuerte) tough, strong.
resistir vi 1 (aguantar - algo) to hold
(out); (- alguien) to hold out, take (it),
have endurance. 2 (durar) to endure,
last. 3 (ejrcito) to hold out, resist.
P vt 1 (soportar) to stand, tolerate. 2
(peso, etc) to bear, withstand, take.
3 (tentacin, etc) to resist.
P vpr resistirse 1 (rechazar) to resist. 2
fam (costar) to be difficult, be hard: la
fsica se le resiste he's struggling with
physics. 3 (negarse) to refuse: me resisto
a creerlo I find it hard to believe.
resolucin nf 1 (decisin) resolution,
decision; (determinacin) determina-
tion, resolve. 2 (solucin) solution; (de
un conflicto) settlement; (en tcnica) reso-
lution.
resolver vt 1 (solucionar - gen) to resolve,
solve; (- asunto, conflicto) to resolve, set-
tle; (- dificultad) to overcome. 2 (decidir)
to resolve, decide (-, to). 3 (deshacer) to
resolve. 4 qum to dissolve.
P vpr resolverse 1 (solucionarse) to be
solved; (resultar) to work out. 2 (redu-
cirse) to end up (en, in), turn out.
resonancia nf 1 resonance. 2 (eco) R
echo. 3 fig (importancia) importance;
(consecuencias) repercussions pl.
resorte nm 1 spring. 2 fig means pl.
respaldar vt to support, back (up).
P vpr respaldarse 1 to lean back (en,
on). 2 (apoyarse) to lean (en, on).
respaldo nm 1 back. 2 fig support,
backing.
respectivamente adv respectively.
respectivo,-a adj respective. l o c en lo
respectivo a with regard to, regard-
ing.
respetar vt to respect.
 respeto
respeto nm 1 (gen) respect. 2 fam (mie-
do) fear.
P nm pl respetos respects. c o m p falta
de respeto lack of respect.
respetuoso,-a adj respectful.
respiracin nf 1 (accin) breathing, res-
piration. 2 (aliento) breath more easi-
ly, breathe.
respirar vi 1 to breathe. 2 (estar vivo)
to be breathing. 3 fig (relajarse) to
breathe more easily, breathe a sigh
of relief: al or al doctor, respiramos when
we heard what the doctor had to say we
breathed a sigh of relief. l o c sin respirar
1 (sin descanso) nonstop. 2 (con atencin)
attentively.
P vt (absorber) to breathe, breathe in,
inhale.
respiratorio,-a adj respiratory.
respiro nm 1 (resuello) breathing. 2 fig
(descanso) breather, break. 3 fig (alivio)
relief, respite.
resplandor nm (de luz) brightness,
brilliance; (de metales, cristales) gleam,
glitter; (del fuego) glow, blaze.
responder vt (contestar) to answer.
P vi 1 (contestar) to answer, reply. 2 (re-
plicar) to answer back. 3 (corresponder)
to answer, respond to: tengo que res
ponder a su amabilidad I have to respond
to his kindness. 4 (tener el efecto deseado)
to respond: el motor respondi bien the
engine responded well. 5 (ser responsa-
ble) to answer (de, for), accept re-
sponsibility (de, for).
responsabilidad nf responsibility.
responsable adj responsible.
P nm o nf 1 (encargado) person in
charge. 2 (de un crimen) perpetrator,
culprit, person responsible. l o c ha
cerse responsable de algo to assume
responsibility for sth.
respuesta nf 1 (gen) answer, reply. 2
(reaccin) response. l o c en respuesta a
in response to.
resquebrajar vt to crack.
P vpr resquebrajarse to crack.
resta nf subtraction.
restablecer vt (gen) to reestablish; (or-
den, monarqua) to restore.
310
P vpr restablecerse 1 (gen) to be rees-
tablished; (orden, etc) to be restored. 2
med to recover, get better.
restablecimiento nm 1 (gen) reestab-
lishment; (orden, etc) restoration. 2
med recovery.
restante adj remaining.
P nm lo restante the rest, the remain-
der, what is left over.
restar vt 1 mat to subtract, take
(away). 2 fig (quitar) to reduce, de-
duct. 3 dep to return.
P vi (quedar) to be left, remain. l o c
restar importancia a algo to play sth
down, play down the importance
of sth.
restauracin nf (restablecimiento) resto-
ration.
restaurante nm restaurant.
restaurar vt (obra, etc) to restore.
resto nm 1 remainder, rest. 2 mat re-
mainder.
P nm pl restos 1 (gen) remains; (ruinas)
ruins. 2 (de comida) leftovers.
restriccin nf restriction.
restringir vt 1 (limitar) to restrict, limit.
2 (astringir) to contract.
resucitar vt 1 to resuscitate. 2 fig to
revive.
P vi to resuscitate.
resuelto,-a adj (decidido) resolute, de-
termined.
resultado nm result.
resultar vi 1 (gen) to result, be the re-
sult of. 2 (ser) to be: result vencedor he
won. 3 (acabar siendo) to turn out to be:
result ser muy agradable he turned out to
be very nice. 4 (salir) to come out, turn
out, work out: todo result como esper
bamos it all worked out as we expected.
5 (ocurrir) to turn out: resulta que est en
fermo y no puede venir it turns out that
he's ill and can't come. 6 (ser conveniente)
to be advisable. 7 (tener xito) to be a
success, come off: el negocio result the
business was a success. l o c resulta que
it turns out that.
resumen nm summary.
resumir vt 1 (reducir) to summarize. 2
(concluir) to sum up: resumiendo, es una
 311
novela excelente in short, it's an excellent
novel.
P vpr resumirse 1 to be summarized,
be summed up. 2 (venir a ser) to be re-
duced (en, to), boil down (en, to).
resurgir vi 1 (volver a aparecer) to reap-
pear. 2 (revivir) to revive.
retablo nm altarpiece, reredos.
retaguarda nf rearguard. l o c ir a la
retaguarda to bring up the rear.
retal nm (de tela) offcut, remnant.
retama nf broom.
retar vt 1 (desafiar) to challenge. 2 fam
(reprender) to scold.
retazo nm remnant, fragment.
retencin nf 1 (gen) retention. 2 fin
withholding, deduction. 3 (de trfico)
traffic jam, (traffic) hold-up.
retener vt 1 (contener) to restrain, hold
back. 2 (no dejar marchar) to keep,
keep back: no quiero retenerte I don't
want to keep you. 3 (no devolver) to
keep. 4 (en la memoria) to retain, re-
member. 5 (detener) to detain; (arrestar)
to arrest. 6 fin to deduct, withhold.
7 (absorber) to retain, hold: el algodn
retiene el agua cotton holds water.
P vpr retenerse to restrain os, hold os
back.
retina nf retina.
retirada nf mil retreat, withdrawal.
retirado,-a adj 1 (apartado) remote. 2
(tranquilo) secluded, quiet. 3 (jubilado)
retired.
P nm & nf retired person, us retiree.
retirar vt 1 (apartar - gen) to take away,
remove; (- un mueble) to move away.
2 (un carnet) to take away. 3 (algo dicho)
to take back. 4 (dinero, ley, moneda) to
withdraw. 5 (jubilar) to retire.
P vpr retirarse 1 mil to retreat, with-
draw. 2 (apartarse del mundo) to go into
seclusion. 3 (apartarse) to withdraw,
draw back, move back: retrate, no veo
move back, I can't see. 4 (alejarse) to
move away: retrate de la ventana move
away from the window. 5 (irse a descan-
sar) to retire: se retir a su habitacin she
retired to her bedroom. 7 (jubilarse) to
retraso
retire. l o c no se retire (al telfono) hold
on, don't hang up.
retiro nm 1 (jubilacin) retirement. 2
(pensin) pension.
reto nm challenge.
retocar vt (dibujo, fotografa) to touch up,
retouch.
retoque nm finishing touch.
retorcer vt 1 (gen) to twist. 2 (ropa) to
wring (out).
P vpr retorcerse 1 (gen) to become
twisted, twist. 2 (doblarse) to bend.
l o c retorcerse de risa fig to double up
with laughter.
retorcido,-a adj fig twisted: mente re
torcida warped mind.
retornable adj returnable. l o c Enva
se no retornable Non-returnable.
retorno nm 1 return. 2 (recompensa) re-
ward.
retortijn nm (de tripas) stomach
cramp.
retozar vi to frolic, gambol.
retrado,-a adj 1 (tmido) shy, reserved.
2 (poco comunicativo) unsociable, with-
drawn.
retraimiento nm (timidez) shyness, re-
serve, retiring nature.
retransmisin nf broadcast, trans-
mission.
retransmitir vt rad tv to broadcast.
l o c retransmitir algo en directo to
broadcast sth live.
retrasado,-a adj 1 (en conocimientos, tra-
bajo) behind. 2 (pagos) late. 3 (reloj) R
slow. 4 (tren, avin, etc) delayed. 5 (pas)
backward, underdeveloped.
P nm & nf mentally retarded person.
retrasar vt 1 (atrasar) to delay, put off,
postpone. 2 (reloj) to put back. 3 dep
to pass back.
P vpr retrasarse 1 (atrasarse) to be late,
arrive late, be delayed. 2 (reloj) to be
slow. 3 (trabajo, conocimientos, pagos) to
fall behind.
retraso nm 1 (demora) delay. 2 (subdesa-
rrollo) backwardness, underdevelop-
ment.
retratar 312
retratar vt 1 (pintura) to portray, paint
a portrait of. 2 (foto) to photograph,
take a photograph of. 3 fig to de-
scribe, portray, depict.
P vpr retratarse (darse a conocer) to be
described, be portrayed.
retrato nm 1 (pintura) portrait. 2 (foto)
photograph. 3 fig (descripcin) descrip-
tion, depiction, portrayal. l o c ser el
vivo retrato de algn to be the spitting
image of sb.
retrete nm toilet, lavatory.
retribucin nf 1 (pago) pay, payment.
2 (recompensa) recompense, reward.
retribuir vt 1 (pagar) to pay. 2 (recom-
pensar) to remunerate, reward.
retroceder vi 1 (recular) to go back,
move back. 2 (bajar de nivel) to go
down.
retroceso nm 1 (movimiento) backward
movement. 2 (econmico) recession.
retrgrado,-a adj 1 (que retrocede) ret-
rograde. 2 fig (reaccionario) reaction-
ary.
P nm & nf (reaccionario) reactionary.
retrospectivo,-a adj retrospective.
retumbar vi 1 (resonar) to resound,
echo. 2 (tronar) to thunder, boom.
reuma nm rheumatism.
rema nm rheumatism.
reumtico,-a adj rheumatic.
P nm & nf rheumatic.
reumatismo nm rheumatism.
reunificar vt to reunify.
reunin nf (gen) meeting, gathering.
reunir vt 1 (congregar) get together. 2
(juntar algo) to put together: reunimos
todos nuestros libros we put all our books
together. 3 (recoger) to gather (togeth-
er); (dinero) to raise. 4 (coleccionar) to
collect. 5 (tener) to have, possess. 6
(requisitos) to satisfy, meet, fulfil (us
fulfill).
P vpr reunirse to meet (con, -), get to-
gether, have a meeting with.
reutilizar vt to reuse.
revlida nf final examination.
revalidar vt to confirm, ratify, vali-
date.
revalorizacin nf (de moneda) revalua-
tion; (de precio) appreciation, increase
in value.
revalorizar vt (moneda) to revalue; (pre-
cio) to increase the value of.
P vpr revalorizarse (moneda) to revalue;
(precio) to appreciate, go up in value.
revancha nf 1 revenge. 2 (en naipes) re-
turn game. 3 dep return match.
revelacin nf revelation.
revelado nm developing.
revelador,-ra adj revealing.
P nm revelador developer.
revelar vt 1 to reveal, disclose. 2 (fotos)
to develop.
revender vt 1 (gen) to resell. 2 (al por
menor) to retail. 3 (entradas) to tout.
reventa nf 1 (gen) resale. 2 (al por menor)
retail. 3 (de entradas) touting.
reventar vt 1 (gen) to burst. 2 (neumti-
co) to puncture, burst. 3 (romper) to
break, smash. 4 (estropear) to ruin,
spoil. 5 fig (agotar) to exhaust, tire
out.
P vi 1 fam (fastidiar) to annoy: me re
vientan sus preguntas her questions get
on my nerves. 2 (estallar) to burst: la ca
era revent the pipe burst.
P vpr reventarse 1 (estallar) to burst. 2
fam (cansarse) to tire os out.
reventn,-ona nm 1 (de caera) burst.
2 (de neumtico) blowout.
reverendo,-a adj 1 reverend. 2 fam
(enorme) enormous, great.
P nm & nf reverend.
reversible adj reversible.
reverso nm reverse, back.
revs nm 1 (reverso) back, reverse,
wrong side; (de tela) wrong side. 2
(bofetada) slap; (golpe) backhander. 3
(en tenis) backhand (stroke). 4 fig (con-
trariedad) misfortune, setback, re-
verse. l o c al revs (al contrario) the
other way round.
revestimiento nm covering, coating.
revestir vt 1 (recubrir) to cover ( de,
with), coat ( de , with), line ( de ,
with). 3 fig (presentar) to take on: la
 313
ceremonia revisti gran solemnidad the cer-
emony took on great solemnity.
P vpr revestirse to arm os: revestirse de
paciencia to arm os with patience.
revisar vt 1 (gen) to revise, go through,
check. 2 (examen, etc) to check, look
over. 3 (cuentas) to check, audit.
revisin nf 1 (gen) revision, checking.
2 (de billetes) inspection. 3 (de coche)
service, overhaul. c o m p revisin m
dica checkup.
revisor,-ra nm & nf ticket inspector.
revista nf 1 (publicacin) magazine, re-
view, journal. 2 (inspeccin) inspec-
tion. 3 mil review. 4 teat revue: chica
de revista chorus girl.
revistero nm magazine rack.
revitalizar vt to revitalize.
revivir vi to revive.
P vt to revive, bring back to life.
revocar vt (ley) to revoke, repeal; (or-
den) to cancel, rescind.
revolcar vt (derribar al suelo) to knock
down, knock over.
P vpr revolcarse (echarse) to roll about.
revolotear vi to fly about, flutter
about, hover.
revoloteo nm fluttering, hovering.
revoltijo nm (mezcla) mess, clutter,
jumble.
revoltoso,-a adj 1 (rebelde) rebellious.
P nm & nf rebel, troublemaker.
revolucin nf revolution.
revolucionario,-a adj revolutionary.
P nm & nf revolutionary.
revolver vt 1 (agitar) to stir. 2 (mezclar)
to mix. 3 (ensalada) to toss. 4 (habita-
cin, casa, etc) to turn upside down. 5
(papeles) to rummage through; (bolso,
bolsillo, etc) to rummage in. 6 (producir
nuseas) to upset, turn: le revolvi el es
tmago it turned his stomach.
P vpr revolverse 1 (moverse) to fidget;
(en la cama) to toss and turn. 2 (volverse
con rapidez) to turn around, spin
round. 3 (tiempo) to turn stormy;
(mar) to become rough.
revlver nm revolver.
revoque nm (enlucido) plastering.
rigidez
revuelta nf (revolucin) revolt, riot.
revuelto,-a adj 1 (desordenado) con-
fused, mixed up, in a mess. 2 (gente)
agitated, restless, up in arms. 3 (tiem-
po) stormy, unsettled; (mar) rough. 4
(poca) turbulent: tiempos revueltos tur-
bulent times.
rey nm king.
rezar vi 1 (orar) to pray. 2 (decir) to say,
read.
ra nf (gen) estuary, river mouth; (tcni-
camente) ria.
riachuelo nm brook, stream.
riada nf 1 flood, flooding. 2 fig flood.
ribera nf 1 (de ro) bank. 2 (del mar) shore,
seashore. 3 (tierra cercana a un ro) river-
side, waterfront.
ribete nm (cinta) border, trimming,
edging.
ribetear vt to edge, border.
ribonucleico,-a adj ribonucleic.
rico,-a adj 1 (acaudalado) rich, wealthy.
2 (abundante) rich: rico en potasio rich in
potassium. 3 (sabroso) tasty, delicious.
4 (tierra) rich, fertile. 5 (excelente) rich,
excellent. 6 fam (bonito) lovely, ador-
able: tiene un nio muy rico she's got a
lovely boy.
P nm & nf rich person.
ridiculizar vt to ridicule, deride.
ridculo,-a adj ridiculous, absurd.
P nm ridculo ridicule. l o c hacer el rid
culo to make a fool of os.
riego nm irrigation, watering. c o m p
riego sanguneo blood circulation.
riel nm rail. R
rienda nf 1 rein. 2 fig (control) restraint.
l o c llevar las riendas fig to hold the
reins, be in control.
riesgo nm risk, danger. l o c a todo ries
go (seguro) fully-comprehensive.
rifa nf raffle.
rifar vt to raffle (off).
P vpr rifarse 1 mar to split. 2 (solicitar,
desear) to fight over.
rifle nm rifle.
rigidez nf 1 (dureza) stiffness, rigidity.
2 fig (rectitud) strictness, firmness, in-
flexibility.
 rgido
rgido,-a adj 1 (duro) rigid, stiff. 2 fig
(severo) strict, firm, inflexible.
rigor nm 1 (severidad) rigour (us rigor),
strictness, severity. 2 (dureza) rigour
(us rigor), harshness. 3 (exactitud) pre-
cision, exactness.
rigurosamente adv 1 (con severidad)
rigorously, severely, strictly. 2 (con
exactitud) accurately. 3 (minuciosamen-
te) meticulously. 4 (totalmente) abso-
lutely.
rigurosidad nf rigorousness, strict-
ness.
riguroso,-a adj 1 (severo) rigorous, se-
vere, strict. 2 (clima) rigorous, severe,
harsh. 3 (exacto) exact. 4 (minucioso)
meticulous.
rima nf rhyme.
P nf pl rimas poem sing.
rimar vt to rhyme.
P vi to rhyme.
rincn nm corner.
rinconera nf corner unit.
ring nm ring.
rinoceronte nm rhinoceros.
ria nf 1 (pelea) fight. 2 (discusin) quar-
rel.
rin nm 1 kidney.
ro nm 1 river. 2 fig stream, river: un ro
de sangre a river of blood.
riqueza nf (cualidad) richness, wealthi-
ness.
risa nf 1 laugh. 2 (risas) laughter. l o c
darle risa a algn to make sb laugh. y
entrar la risa to begin to laugh: y ser
cosa de risa to be laughable. c o m p
ataque de risa fit of laughter.
risco nm crag, cliff.
ristra nf string.
risueo,-a adj 1 (sonriente) smiling. 2
(animado) cheerful.
rtmico,-a adj rhythmic, rhythmical.
ritmo nm 1 rhythm. 2 fig pace, speed.
rito nm 1 rel rite. 2 fig (costumbre) ritual.
ritual adj ritual.
P nm ritual.
rival adj rival.
P nm o nf rival.
rivalidad nf rivalry.
314
rivalizar vi to rival.
rivera nf brook, stream.
rizado,-a adj 1 (pelo) curly. 2 mar
choppy.
P nm rizado (de pelo) curling.
rizar vt (pelo) to curl.
P vpr rizarse 1 (pelo) to curl, go curly. 2
(el mar) to ripple.
rizo nm 1 (de pelo) curl. 2 (en el agua) rip-
ple. 3 (tejido) towelling (us toweling),
terry towelling. 4 av loop.
rizoma nm rhizome.
robar vt 1 (banco, persona) to rob; (objeto)
to steal; (casa) to break into, burgle.
2 (raptar) to kidnap. 3 (en naipes) to
draw. 4 fig (cobrar muy caro) to rip off.
5 fig (corazn, alma) to steal.
robinia nf robinia, false acacia.
roble nm oak, oak tree.
robledal nm oak grove, oak wood.
robo nm 1 (gen) theft, robbery; (en casa)
burglary; (en banco) robbery. 2 (en nai-
pes) draw. 3 fig (estafa) robbery.
robot nm robot.
robtica nf robotics.
robtico,-a adj robotic, robot-like.
robotizar vt to automate.
robustecer vt to strengthen.
P vpr robustecerse to grow stronger,
gain strength.
robusto,-a adj robust, strong, sturdy.
roca nf rock.
roce nm 1 (friccin) rubbing; (en piel)
chafing. 2 (seal - en zapatos) scuff
mark; (- en piel) graze; (- en coche, etc)
mark. 3 (contacto fsico) light touch,
brush. 4 fam (trato) contact. 5 fam (di-
sensin) friction, brush.
rociar vt 1 (salpicar) to spray, sprinkle.
2 fig (esparcir) to scatter, strew.
rocn nm (caballo) nag, hack.
roco nm dew.
rock nm rock.
rockero,-a nm & nf (msico) rock musi-
cian; (fan) rock fan.
rococ adj rococo.
rocoso,-a adj rocky, stony.
rodaballo nm turbot.
 315
rodaja nf slice. l o c en rodajas sliced.
rodaje nm 1 cine filming, shooting. 2
auto running-in.
rodamiento nm bearing.
rodapi nm skirting board, us base-
board.
rodar vi 1 (dar vueltas) to roll; (rueda) to
turn. 2 (caer rodando) to roll down. 3
fig (ir de un lado a otro) to roam. 4 (veh-
culos) to run; (velocidad) to do.
P vt 1 (hacer que de vueltas) to roll. 2 cine
to film, shoot. 3 auto to run in. 4 (re-
correr) to travel.
rodear vt (cercar) to surround, encircle.
P vpr rodearse to surround os ( de ,
with).
rodela nf round shield.
rodeno,-a adj red.
rodeo nm 1 (desviacin) detour. 2 fig (elu-
sin) evasiveness.
rodera nf tyre (us tire) mark, track.
rodilla nf 1 anat knee. 2 (pao) cloth,
floorcloth.
rodillazo nm blow with the knee,
blow to the knee.
rodillera nf 1 dep knee pad. 2 cost
knee patch.
rodillo nm 1 roller. 2 culin rolling pin.
rododendro nm rhododendron.
rodomiel nm rose honey.
roedor,-ra adj rodent.
P nm roedor rodent.
roer vt 1 (hueso) to gnaw. 2 fig (desgastar)
to wear away.
rogar vt (pedir) to request, ask; (implo-
rar) to beg, implore, plead.
rogativa nf rogation.
rodo,-a adj gnawed, eaten away.
rojear vi to redden, turn red.
rojez nf redness.
rojizo,-a adj reddish.
rojo,-a adj (color) red.
P nm & nf pol (gen) red, Communist.
P nm rojo red.
rol nm (papel) role.
rollista nm o nf fam (cuentista) over-dra-
matic person.
rollizo,-a adj plump, chubby.
romper
rollo nm 1 (gen) roll. 2 fam (aburrimiento)
drag, bore, pain: esta peli es un rollo this
film is a drag. 3 fam (discurso, explicacin,
etc) long drawn-out speech, boring
lecture. 4 fam (amoro) affair. 5 fam
(asunto) business.
romance adj ling Romance.
P nm 1 ling (gen) Romance language;
(castellano) Spanish. 2 (amoro) ro-
mance.
romancero nm collection of romances.
romnico,-a adj 1 (arquitectura, arte - gen)
Romanesque. 2 (lengua) Romance.
romanizar vt to Romanize.
romanticismo nm romanticism.
romntico,-a adj romantic.
P nm & nf romantic.
rmbico,-a adj rhombic.
rombo nm 1 rhombus. 2 (naipes) dia-
mond.
romboedro nm rhombohedron.
romboide nm rhomboid.
romera nf pilgrimage.
romero nm bot rosemary.
romo,-a adj (sin punta) blunt, dull.
rompecabezas nm inv 1 (juego) (jigsaw)
puzzle. 2 fig (problema) riddle, puz-
zle, conundrum.
rompecocos nm inv brain-teaser.
rompecorazones nm o nf inv fam heart-
throb, heartbreaker.
rompehielos nm inv icebreaker.
rompeolas nm inv breakwater, jetty.
romper vt 1 (gen) to break; (papel, tela)
to tear. 2 (rajar, reventar) to split. 3 (gas-
tar) to wear out. 4 fig (relaciones) to
R
break off. 5 fig (ley) to break. 6 fig
(cerca, lmite) to break through, break
down.
P vi 1 fig (acabar - con algo) to break; (-
con alguien) to split up, us break up. 2
(olas, da) to break. 3 romper a + inf fig
(empezar) to burst out: romper a rer to
burst out laughing. 4 romper en + sust
fig (prorrumpir) to burst into: romper en
llanto to burst into tears.
P vpr romperse 1 (gen) to break: se me
ha roto esta ua I've broken this nail. 2
(papel, tela) to tear, rip. 3 (rajarse, reven-
ron
tarse) to split. 4 (desgastarse) to wear
out: se me han roto los zapatos my shoes
are worn out. 5 (coche) to break down.
ron nm rum.
roncar vi to snore.
roncha nf (en la piel) swelling, lump,
spot.
ronco,-a adj hoarse.
ronda nf 1 (patrulla) patrol, watch. 2
(de polica) beat. 3 (vuelta) round. 4 (de
bebidas, cartas) round. 5 (negociaciones)
round. l o c hacer la ronda to do one's
rounds.
rondar vt 1 (vigilar) to patrol, do the
rounds of. 2 (merodear) to prowl
around, hang about, haunt: siempre
ronda la casa he's always prowling
around the house. 3 fig (aos) to be
about: ronda los cincuenta she's about
fifty.
P vi 1 (vigilar) to patrol. 2 (merodear) to
prowl around, roam around.
ronquera nf hoarseness.
ronquido nm snore, snoring.
ronronear vi to purr.
ronroneo nm purring.
roa nf (suciedad) filth, dirt.
roera nf fam meanness, stinginess.
roica nm o nf fam scrooge, miser.
rooso,-a adj 1 (sucio) filthy, dirty. 2
fam (tacao) mean, stingy.
P nm & nf fam scrooge, miser.
ropa nf clothing, clothes pl: ropa de in
vierno winter clothes; ropa de esqu ski
wear. c o m p ropa blanca linen, house-
hold linen. y ropa interior under-
wear.
ropero nm wardrobe, us closet.
roquefort nm (especficamente) Roque-
fort; (en general) blue cheese.
roquero,-a adj-nm & nf rockero,-a.
rosa nf (flor) rose.
P nm (color) pink.
Padj 1 (color) pink. 2 fig (novela) ro-
mantic. l o c fresco,-a como una rosa
fig as fresh as a daisy.
rosado,-a adj 1 (color) rosy, pink. 2 (vi-
no) ros.
P nm rosado (vino) ros.
316
rosal nm rosebush.
rosaleda nf rose garden.
rosario nm 1 rel rosary, beads pl. 2 fig
string, series: rosario de mentiras string
of lies. l o c rezar el rosario to say the
rosary.
rosbif nm roast beef.
rosca nf 1 (de tornillo) thread. 2 culin
doughnut. 3 (carnosidad) roll of fat. 4
(anilla) ring.
rosco nm ring-shaped bread roll.
roscn nm ring-shaped pastry; (de Pas-
cua) Easter ring.
rosetn nm rose window.
rosquilla nf doughnut, ring-shaped
pastry.
rostro nm fml (cara) face.
rotacin nf rotation.
rotativo,-a adj rotary, revolving.
P nm rotativo newspaper.
roto,-a adj 1 (gen) broken. 2 (tela, papel)
torn. 3 (gastado) worn out. 4 (cansado)
tired.
P nm roto (agujero) hole, tear.
rotonda nf (plaza) roundabout, us
traffic circle.
rtula nf anat kneecap.
rotulacin nf lettering, labelling.
rotulador nm felt-tip pen.
rotular vt to label.
rotulista nm o nf signwriter.
rtulo nm 1 (letrero) sign; (luminoso) ne-
on sign. 2 (titular) heading, title.
rotundo,-a adj 1 (redondo) round. 2 fig
(xito) resounding. 3 (negativa) flat,
categorical; (afirmacin) categorical,
emphatic: un no rotundo a flat refusal.
rotura nf 1 (gen) break, breaking,
crack. 2 (en tela, papel) tear, rip. 3 med
fracture.
roturar vt to plough (us plow).
roulotte nf caravan.
rozadura nf scratch, abrasion.
rozamiento nm (roce) rubbing, fric-
tion.
rozar vt 1 (tocar ligeramente) to touch
lightly, brush. 2 (raspar) to rub
against, brush against; (herir) to graze:
 317
el zapato me roza el pie my shoe's rubbing
my foot.
P vi 1 (raspar) to rub. 2 fig (tener relacin)
to border (con, on), verge (con, on).
P vpr rozarse 1 (rasparse) to rub ( con,
against), brush (con, against). 2 (des-
gastarse) to wear (out). 3 fig (tratarse)
to come into contact ( con, with),
rub shoulders (con, with).
Ruanda nf Rwanda.
ruands,-esa adj Rwandan.
P nm & nf Rwandan.
rubeola nf German measles, rubella.
rub nm ruby.
rubia nf blonde.
rubio,-a adj 1 (cabello) fair; (persona)
fair-haired; (hombre) blond; (mujer)
blonde. 2 (tabaco) Virginia.
P nm & nf (hombre) blond; (mujer)
blonde.
rublo nm rouble.
rubor nm blush, flush.
ruborizarse vpr to blush, go red, red-
den.
rbrica nf 1 (de firma) flourish (in sig-
nature). 2 (ttulo) title, heading. 3 (ins-
trucciones, gua) rubric.
ruda nf (planta) rue.
rudeza nf roughness, coarseness.
rudimentario,-a adj rudimentary.
rudo,-a adj rough, coarse.
rueca nf distaff.
rueda nf 1 (gen) wheel: de cuatro ruedas
four-wheeled. 2 (crculo) circle, ring.
c o m p rueda de la fortuna wheel of for-
tune. y rueda de molino millstone.
y rueda de prensa press conference. y
rueda de recambio spare wheel. y rue
da delantera front wheel.
ruedo nm (en las plazas de toros) bullring,
arena.
ruego nm request, petition. c o m p rue
gos y preguntas any other business.
rufin nm (canalla) scoundrel, villain,
ruffian.
rugby nm rugby.
rugido nm roar, bellow.
rugir vi to roar, bellow; (viento) to
howl; (tripas) to rumble.
rumorearse
rugosidad nf rugosity.
rugoso,-a adj rough, wrinkled.
ruibarbo nm rhubarb.
ruido nm 1 (gen) noise. 2 (sonido) sound.
3 (jaleo) din, row. 4 fig stir, commo-
tion. l o c hacer ruido 1 to make a
noise. 2 fig to cause a stir. y mucho
ruido y pocas nueces fam much ado
about nothing.
ruidoso,-a adj 1 noisy, loud. 2 fig sen-
sational.
ruin adj 1 pey (vil) mean, base, despica
ble, vile. 2 (pequeo) petty, insignifi-
cant. 3 (tacao) stingy, mean.
ruina nf 1 ruin, collapse. 2 fig fall,
end, downfall.
P nf pl ruinas ruins. l o c estar hecho,-a
una ruina fig to be a wreck.
ruindad nf 1 (maldad) meanness, vile-
ness. 2 (acto) mean act, low trick.
ruinoso,-a adj 1 ruinous, disastrous.
2 fig tumbledown, dilapidated.
ruiseor nm nightingale.
rular vt (funcionar) to work.
ruleta nf roulette.
rulot nf caravan.
Rumana nf Romania.
rumano,-a adj Romanian, Rumanian.
P nm & nf (persona) Romanian, Ruma-
nian.
P nm rumano (idioma) Romanian, Ru-
manian.
rumba nf rumba, rhumba.
rumbo nm 1 (direccin) course, direc-
tion. 2 fam fig (pompa) pomp, show. 3
fam fig (generosidad) lavishness, gener- R
osity. l o c perder el rumbo 1 to go off
course. 2 fig to lose one's bearings.
rumiante adj ruminant.
P nm ruminant.
rumiar vi (animal) to ruminate, chew
the cud.
P vt 1 (mascar) to chew. 2 fig (pensar) to
ruminate, chew over, reflect on.
rumor nm 1 (murmullo) murmur. 2 (noti-
cia, voz) rumour (us rumor).
rumorearse vpr [se usa slo en tercera
persona; no lleva sujeto] to be ru-
moured (us rumored): se rumorea que
rupestre 318

est enfermo it is rumoured that he's ill, ruso,-a adj Russian.

he's rumoured to be ill. P nm& nf (persona) Russian.
rupestre adj rock. c o m p pintura rupes P nmruso (idioma) Russian.
tre cave painting. rstico,-a adj rustic, rural.
P nm rstico peasant. l o c en rstica in
rupia nf rupee.
paperback.
ruptura nf 1 (rotura) breaking, break- ruta nf route, way, road. c o m p ruta a
age, break. 2 fig breaking-off, rea air route, airway.
break-up. rutina nf routine: la rutina diaria the
rural adj rural, country: mdico rural daily routine.
country doctor. rutinario,-a adj 1 (gen) routine. 2 (per-
Rusia nf Russia. sona) unimaginative, dull.

319
S, s nf (la letra) S, s.
S sm (sur) south; (smbolo) S.
sbado nm Saturday.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta jueves.
sbana nf sheet.
sabelotodo nm o nf inv pey know-all,
know-it-all.
saber nm knowledge.
P vt 1 (gen) to know. 2 (tener habilidad)
to be able to, know how to. 3 (ente-
rarse) to learn, find out.
P vi (tener sabor) to taste (a, of).
P vpr saberse to know.
sabido,-a adj known.
sabidura nf 1 (conocimientos) knowl-
edge. 2 (prudencia) wisdom.
sabio,-a adj 1 (con conocimientos) learned,
knowledgeable. 2 (con prudencia)
wise, sensible.
P nm & nf 1 (instruido) learned person. 2
(prudente) sage, wise person.
sable nm sabre (us saber).
sabor nm 1 taste, flavour (us flavor).
2 fig feeling.
saborear vt 1 to taste. 2 fig to savour
(us savor), relish.
sabroso,-a adj 1 (con mucho sabor) tasty,
delicious. 2 (agradable) pleasant, de-
lightful.
sabueso nm 1 (perro) bloodhound. 2
fig (persona) sleuth.
sacacorchos nm inv corkscrew.
sacapuntas nm inv pencil sharpener.
sacar vt 1 (poner en el exterior) to take out,
pull out, get out. 2 (obtener - gen) to
get; (- premio) to win; (- dinero) to get,
make, earn; (- billete) to get, buy. 3 (di-
nero del banco) to draw, withdraw,
S
take out. 4 (resolver) to work out,
solve. 5 (encontrar) to get, find. 6 (ense-
ar) to show. 7 (quitar) to remove. 8
(extraer de algo) to extract, obtain. 9
(agua) to draw. 10 (llevar fuera) to take
out. 11 (fotografa) to take; (fotocopia, co-
pia) to make. 12 (producir) to produce.
13 (moda) to introduce, set; (nuevo pro-
ducto) to bring out. 14 (publicar) to
publish, bring out. 15 fam (ir por delan-
te) to be ahead. 16 fam (ser ms alto) to
be taller. 17 dep (tenis) to serve; (ftbol)
to kick off. 18 mat (restar) to subtract;
(raz) to extract, find out. 19 (mineral)
to extract. 20 qum to extract.
P vpr sacarse 1 (desvestirse) to take off.
2 (fotografa) to have taken.
saciar vt 1 (hambre) to satiate; (sed) to
quench. 2 fig (deseos) to satisfy; (ambi-
ciones) to fulfil (us fulfill).
P vpr saciarse to satiate os, be satiated.
saco nm 1 (bolsa) sack, bag. 2 am (ameri-
cana) jacket.
sacrificar vt 1 (gen) to sacrifice. 2 fig
(reses) to slaughter; (animal domstico) to
destroy, put down.
P vpr sacrificarse to sacrifice os (por,
for). S
sacrificio nm sacrifice.
sacro,-a adj 1 (sagrado) sacred. 2 anat
sacrum.
P nm sacro (hueso) sacrum.
sacudida nf 1 (gen) shake. 2 (movimiento
violento) jolt, jerk. 3 (terremoto) earth-
quake.
sacudir vt 1 (gen) to shake. 2 (alfombra,
etc) to shake out; (polvo, arena) to
shake off. 3 (golpear algo) to beat. 4
(cabeza) to shake. 5 (dar una paliza) to
 sagacidad
beat up. 6 fig (emocionar, alterar) to
shake.
sagacidad nf 1 sagacity, cleverness. 2
(astucia) shrewdness, astuteness.
sagaz adj 1 clever, sagacious. 2 (astuto)
shrewd, astute.
sagrado,-a adj sacred, holy.
Shara nm Sahara.
saharaui adj Saharaui, Sahrawi.
P nm o nf Saharaui, Sahrawi.
sahariana nf safari shirt, safari jacket.
sahariano,-a adj Saharan.
sal nf salt. c o m p sal fina table salt.
P nf pl sales smelling salts.
sala nf 1 (aposento) room; (grande) hall. 2
(sala de estar) lounge, living room. 3
(de hospital) ward; (de cine) cinema; (de
teatro) theatre. 4 jur (lugar) courtroom;
(tribunal) court.
salado,-a adj 1 (con sal) salted; (con de-
masiada sal) salty. 2 fam fig (agudo)
witty; (gracioso) funny; (encantador)
charming, attractive.
salamandra nf salamander.
salamanquesa nf zool gecko.
salar vt 1 (curar) to salt. 2 (sazonar) to salt,
add salt to.
salarial adj salary, wage.
salario nm salary, wages pl, wage.
salazn nf 1 (accin) salting. 2 (carne)
salted meat; (pescado) salted fish.
salchicha nf sausage.
salchichn nm salami-type sausage.
saldo nm 1 (de una cuenta) balance. 2
(pago) liquidation, settlement. 3 (resto
de mercanca) remnant, leftover, re-
mainder. 4 (venta a bajo precio) sale.
salero nm 1 (recipiente) saltcellar, us salt
shaker. 2 fig (gracia) charm, wit.
salida nf 1 (partida) departure. 2 (puerta,
etc) exit, way out. 3 (momento de salir). 4
(viaje corto) trip. 5 (de un astro) rising. 6
dep start. 7 com outlet, market. 8 fin
outlay, expenditure. 9 fig (ocurrencia)
witty remark, witticism. 10 fig (esca-
patoria) solution, way out. 11 fig
(perspectiva) opening. 12 tc outlet. 13
inform output.
320
saliente adj 1 (que sobresale) projecting.
2 (cesante) outgoing.
P nm projection, overhang, ledge.
salina nf 1 (mina) salt mine. 2 (estableci-
miento) salt works.
salir vi 1 (ir hacia afuera) to go out (de,
of). 2 (venir de dentro) to come out. 3
(partir) to leave. 4 (no estar) to be out. 5
(amigos, novios) to go out. 6 (aparecer)
to appear, be. 7 (revista, novela, etc) to
come out; (moda) to come in. 8 (proce-
der) to come (de, from). 9 (resultar) to
turn out, turn out to be. 10 (examen,
prueba) to go, turn out. 11 (venir a cos-
tar) to come to, cost, work out. 12
(sobresalir) to project, stick out. 13 (sol,
etc) to rise, come out; (vegetales) to
come up; (flores) to come out. 14 (gra-
nos) to get, break out in, come out
in; (pelo) to grow; (diente) to cut. 15
(mancha) to come out, come off. 16
(parecerse) to take after (a, -). 17 (al
azar) to be drawn. 18 (nombre, palabra)
to be able to think of. 19 (solucionar)
to work out. 20 (librarse) to get out
( de , of). 21 (trabajo, oportunidad) to
come up. 22 (dar a) to open (a, onto),
come out (a, at).
P vpr salirse 1 (lquido, gas) to leak, leak
out; (ro) to overflow. 2 (al hervir) to
boil over. 3 (tornillo, etc) to come off,
come out. 4 (de la carretera) to go off
(de, -).
salitre nm saltpetre (us saltpeter).
saliva nf saliva.
salmn nm (pez) salmon.
P adj (color) salmon, salmon pink.
salmonete nm red mullet.
Salomn nm Solomon. c o m p Islas Salo
mn Solomon Islands.
saln nm 1 (en casa) sitting room,
drawing room, lounge. 2 (en edificio
pblico) hall. 3 (exposicin) show, exhi-
bition.
salpicar vt 1 (rociar) to sprinkle. 2 (caer
gotas) to splash.
salpullido nm rash.
salsa nf 1 sauce. 2 fam fig (gracia) zest,
spice. 3 ms salsa.
saltamontes nm inv grasshopper.
 321
saltar vi 1 (gen) to jump, leap. 2 (en pa-
racadas) to parachute. 3 (romperse) to
break; (estallar) to burst. 4 (desprender-
se) to come off. 5 (tapn, corcho) to pop
out, pop off. 6 fig (enfadarse) to blow
up, explode. 7 fig (de una cosa a otra) to
jump, skip. 8 fig (decir) to come out
(con, with); (contestar) to answer (con,
with).
P vt 1 fig (salvar de un salto) to jump
(over), leap (over). 2 (arrancar) to pull
off. 3 (ajedrez, etc) to jump. 4 fig (omitir)
to skip, miss out.
P vpr saltarse 1 (ley, etc) to ignore. 2
(omitir) to skip, miss out. 3 (desprender-
se) to come off; (- lentilla) to fall out.
salto nm 1 (gen) jump, leap. 2 dep
jump; (natacin) dive. 3 (de agua) wa-
terfall. 4 (despeadero) precipice. 5 fig
(omisin) gap.
salubridad nf (estado de salud) healthi-
ness; (de lugar, clima) salubriousness,
salubrity.
salud nf health.
saludable adj 1 (sano) healthy, whole-
some. 2 fig (beneficioso) good, benefi-
cial.
saludar vt 1 (demostrar cortesa) to greet.
2 (decir hola) to say hello to. 3 mil to
salute.
saludo nm 1 greeting. 2 mil salute.
salvacin nf 1 (gen) salvation, rescue.
2 rel salvation.
salvado nm bran.
Salvador nm El Salvador 1 El Salvador.
2 rel the Saviour (us Savior).
salvadoreo,-a adj Salvadorian, Sal-
vadoran.
P nm & nf Salvadorian, Salvadoran.
salvaguardar vt to safeguard ( de,
from).
salvaje adj 1 (planta) wild. 2 (animal)
wild. 3 (pueblo, tribu) savage, uncivi-
lized. 4 fam fig (violento) savage, wild.
5 (bruto) uncouth, boorish.
P nm o nf 1 (no civilizado) savage. 2 (bruto)
brute, boor.
salvamento nm rescue.
salvar vt 1 (librar de peligro) to save, res-
cue. 2 (barco) to salvage. 3 (honor, ruina)
sangra
to save. 4 (obstculo) to clear. 5 (dificul-
tad) to overcome, get round. 6 (dis-
tancia) to cover.
P vpr salvarse 1 (sobrevivir) to survive,
come out alive. 2 (escaparse) to es-
cape (de, from). 3 rel to be saved,
save one's soul.
salvapantallas nm inv inform screen-
saver.
salvavidas nm inv life belt.
salvedad nf (excepcin) exception.
salvia nf sage.
salvo,-a adj (ileso) unharmed, safe.
P adv salvo except, except for.
salvoconducto nm safe-conduct.
Samoa nf Samoa.
samoano,-a adj Samoan.
P nm & nf (persona) Samoan.
P nm samoano (idioma) Samoan.
san adj saint.
. Se usa delante de nombres de santos
masculinos, excepto Toms, Tom, Toribio
y Domingo. Consulta tambin santo,-a.
sanar vt to heal, cure.
P vi1 (enfermo) to recover, get better.
2 (herida) to heal.
sanatorio nm clinic, nursing home;
(hospital) hospital.
sancin nf 1 (aprobacin) sanction, ap-
proval. 2 (pena) sanction, penalty.
sandalia nf sandal.
sndalo nm sandalwood.
sanda nf watermelon.
sndwich nm sandwich.
sanear vt 1 (limpiar) to clean; (desinfectar)
S
to disinfect. 2 (econmicamente) to
make financially viable.
sangrado nm indention, indentation,
indent.
sangrar vt 1 (abrir una vena) to bleed. 2
(dar salida a un lquido) to drain. 3 fam
fig (dejar sin dinero) to bleed dry. 4 (en
impresin) to indent.
sangre nf blood.
sangra nf 1 (bebida) sangria. 2 med
bleeding, bloodletting. 3 fig (de dine-
ro, etc) drain.
 sangriento
sangriento,-a adj 1 (que echa sangre)
bleeding. 2 (con sangre) bloody.
sanguijuela nf leech, bloodsucker.
sanidad nf 1 (calidad de sano) health,
healthiness. 2 (servicios) health: sani
dad pblica public health.
sanitario,-a adj sanitary, health.
P nm & nf health officer.
P nm pl sanitarios bathroom fittings.
sano,-a adj 1 (con salud) healthy, fit. 2
(saludable) healthy, wholesome. 3 fig
(sin corrupcin) sound.
santo,-a adj 1 (gen) holy, sacred. 2 (per-
sona) holy, saintly. 3 fam (para enfati-
zar) hell of a, real, right. 4 (como ttulo)
saint: Santa Elena Saint Helen.
P nm & nf saint.
P nm santo 1 (imagen) image of a saint.
2 fam (dibujo) picture. 3 (onomstica)
saint's day.
. Consulta tambin san.
santuario nm sanctuary, shrine.
saa nf 1 (enojo) rage, fury. 2 (crueldad)
cruelty, viciousness.
sapiencia nf 1 fml (sabidura) wisdom.
2 (conocimiento) knowledge.
saque nm 1 (tenis) service. 2 (ftbol)
kick-off. c o m p saque de banda (ftbol)
throw-in.
saquear vt (casas) to plunder, pillage;
(casas, comercios) to loot.
sarampin nm measles pl.
sarcasmo nm sarcasm.
sarcstico,-a adj sarcastic.
sarcfago nm sarcophagus.
sardina nf sardine.
sarga nf serge, twill.
sargento nm 1 mil sergeant. 2 fig ty-
rant.
sarmiento nm vine shoot.
sarna nf med (en personas) scabies; (en
animales) mange.
sarpullido nm rash.
sarro nm 1 (en los dientes) tartar. 2 (sedi-
mento) deposit.
sarta nf string.
sartn nf frying pan, us fry pan.
sastre,-a nm & nf tailor.
322
satlite nm satellite.
satn nm satin.
satisfaccin nf (gen) satisfaction.
satisfacer vt 1 (gen) to satisfy. 2 (deuda)
to pay. 3 (requisitos, exigencias) to meet,
fulfil satisfy. 4 (agravio, ofensa) to
make amends for.
satisfactorio,-a adj satisfactory.
satisfecho,-a adj 1 (contento) satisfied,
pleased. 2 (pagado de s mismo) self-sat-
isfied.
saturacin nf saturation.
saturado,-a adj 1 saturated. 2 fig sick,
tired.
saturnismo nm lead poisoning.
Saturno nm Saturn.
sauce nm willow.
saco nm elder.
saud adj Saudi.
P nm o nf Saudi.
saudita adj-nm o nf saud.
sauna nf sauna.
saurio,-a adj saurian.
P nm & nf saurian.
savia nf 1 bot sap. 2 fig sap, vitality.
saxofn nm (instrumento) saxophone,
sax.
P nm o nf (msico) saxophonist, sax
player.
saya nf 1 (falda) skirt. 2 (enagua) petti-
coat.
sazn nf 1 (madurez) ripeness. 2 (sabor)
taste, flavour (us flavor). 3 (aderezo)
seasoning.
sazonar vt 1 (madurar) to ripen, ma-
ture. 2 (comida) to season, flavour (us
flavor).
se1 pron 1 (reflexivo - l) himself; (- ella)
herself; (- usted, ustedes) yourself,
yourselves; (- ellos, ellas) themselves;
(- esto) itself. 2 (recproco) each other,
one another: se quieren they love each
other. 3 (pasiva): se han abierto las puertas
the doors have been opened. 4 (imperso-
nal): se ve que no apparently not.
se2 pron (objeto indirecto - a l) him, to
him; (- a ella) her, to her; (- a ellos, ellas)
them, to them; (- a esto) it, to it; (- a
 323
usted, ustedes) you, to you: se lo dije I
told her.
. Se usa delante de los pronombres la,
las, lo y los en vez de les o las.
s1 pres indic saber.
s2 imperat ser.
sebo nm 1 (grasa) fat. 2 culin suet. 3
(para velas) tallow.
seca nf (sequa) drought.
secado nm drying.
secador nm 1 dryer, drier. 2 (de pelo)
hairdryer.
secadora nf tumble dryer, dryer.
secano nm dry land.
secante adj (geometra) secant.
P nf secant.
secar vt 1 (gen) to dry. 2 (lgrimas, vajilla)
to wipe; (lquido) to wipe up, mop
up. 3 (planta) to wither, dry up; (ro,
fuente, etc) to dry up.
P vpr secarse 1 (gen) to dry. 2 (lquido,
ro, etc) to dry up; (planta) to wither,
dry up.
seccin nf 1 (corte) section, cut. 2 (geo-
metra) section. 3 (departamento) sec-
tion, department. 4 (en peridico, revis-
ta) page, section.
seco,-a adj 1 (gen) dry. 2 (frutos, flores)
dried. 3 (marchito) withered, dried up.
4 fig (carcter) dry; (tono, respuesta) curt,
sharp. 5 fig (golpe, ruido) sharp.
secrecin nf secretion.
secretara nf 1 (cargo) secretaryship,
office of secretary. 2 (oficina) secre-
tary's office; (en la administracin) sec-
retariat.
secretario,-a nm & nf secretary.
secreteo nm whispering.
secreto,-a adj secret.
P nm secreto 1 (lo reservado) secret. 2
(reserva) secrecy.
secta nf sect.
sector nm 1 (gen) sector. 2 fig (zona) ar-
ea. 3 fig (parte) section.
secuela nf consequence, result.
secuencia nf sequence.
seguir
secuenciar vt to arrange in sequence,
put in sequence.
secuestrar vt 1 (personas) to kidnap;
(avin) to hijack. 2 jur to sequester,
seize, confiscate.
secuestro nm 1 (personas) kidnapping;
(de avin) hijacking. 2 jur sequestra-
tion, seizure, confiscation.
secundar vt to support, second.
secundaria nf educ secondary educa-
tion.
secundario,-a adj secondary.
P nm secundario geol secondary.
secuoya nf sequoia, redwood.
sed nf thirst.
seda nf silk.
sede nf 1 (oficina central) headquarters,
central office. 2 (del gobierno) seat.
sedentario,-a adj sedentary.
sediento,-a adj 1 thirsty. 2 fig (poder,
etc) hungry (de, for), thirsty (de, for).
sedimentar vt to settle, deposit.
P vpr sedimentarse to settle.
sedimento nm sediment, deposit.
seductor,-ra adj 1 seductive. 2 (atracti-
vo) captivating. 3 (persuasivo) tempt-
ing.
P nm & nf seducer.
segador,-ra nm & nf harvester, reaper.
segadora nf harvester, reaper; (de cs-
ped) lawnmower.
segar vt 1 (gen) to reap, cut; (csped) to
mow. 2 fig (matar) to mow down,
cut down. 3 fig (truncar) to cut off.
segmento nm 1 (gen) segment. 2
inform overlay.
segregar vt 1 (separar) to segregate. 2 S
(secretar) to secrete.
segueta nf fret saw.
seguido,-a adj 1 (continuo) continuous.
2 (consecutivo) consecutive, succes-
sive. 3 (en lnea recta) straight, direct.
P adv seguido straight.
seguidor,-ra nm & nf 1 follower. 2 dep
follower, supporter, fan.
seguir vt 1 (gen) to follow. 2 (perseguir) to
pursue, chase. 3 (continuar) to contin-
ue, carry on. 4 (un camino) to continue
 segn 324
on. 5 (curso, etc) to do; (explicaciones) to
follow.
P vi 1 (proseguir) to go on, carry on.
2 (continuar) to follow on, continue. 3
(permanecer, mantenerse) to continue to
be, be still.
P vpr seguirse 1 (inferirse) to deduce. 2
(suceder a continuacin) to follow.
segn prep 1 (conforme) according to.
2 (dependiendo) depending on. 3 (como)
just as. 4 (a medida que) as. 5 (tal vez) it
depends.
segunda nf 1 (tren, etc) second class. 2
(marcha del auto) second, second gear.
3 fig (intencin) ulterior motive.
segundero nm second hand.
segundo,-a adj second.
P nm & nf second.
P nm segundo (tiempo) second.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta seis.
seguridad nf 1 (gen) security. 2 (fsica)
safety. 3 (certeza) certainty, sureness.
4 (confianza) confidence.
seguro,-a adj 1 (asegurado) secure. 2 (a
salvo) safe. 3 (firme) firm, steady. 4
(cierto) certain, sure. 5 (de fiar) reliable.
6 (confiado) confident.
P nm seguro 1 (contrato, pliza) insur-
ance. 2 (mecanismo) safety device,
safety catch.
P adv for sure, definitely.
seis adj 1 six: pesa seis kilos it weighs six
kilos; son las seis en punto its exactly
six oclock; el seis de junio the six of june;
tienen un hijo de seis aos they have a boy
of six; somos seis there are six of us. 2
(sexto) sixth: soy el seis de la lista Im sixth
on the list.
P nm six: el seis number six; seis por seis
treinta y seis six times six is thirty-six, six
sixes are thirty-six.
seisavo,-a adj-nm & nf sexto,-a.
seiscientos,-as adj (cardinal) six hun-
dred; (ordinal) six hundredth.
P nm seiscientos (nmero) six hundred.
sesmo nm (terremoto) earthquake.
seleccin nf 1 (gen) selection. 2 dep
(gen) team; (ftbol) squad.
seleccionar vt to select.
selectividad nf educ university en-
trance examination.
selenio nm selenium.
sellar vt 1 (timbrar) to stamp; (oficial) to
seal. 2 (monedas, etc) to hallmark,
stamp. 3 fig (habitacin, etc) to close
(up), seal up. 4 fig (dejar seal) to
stamp, brand. 5 fig (concluir) to seal,
settle, conclude.
P vi to sign on.
sello nm 1 (de correos) stamp. 2 (de estam-
par, precinto) seal.
selva nf 1 (bosque) forest. 2 (jungla) jun-
gle.
selvicultura nf forestry.
semforo nm traffic lights pl.
semana nf 1 (tiempo) week. 2 fig (sala-
rio) weekly wage.
semanal adj weekly.
semanario,-a adj weekly.
P nm weekly magazine.
semntica nf semantics.
sembrado,-a adj fig (cubierto) covered
(de, with), full (de, of).
P nm sembrado sown field.
sembrador,-ra nm & nf sower.
sembradora nf seed drill.
sembrar vt 1 agr to sow. 2 fig (esparcir)
to scatter, spread.
semejante adj 1 (parecido) similar. 2
pey (tal) such, like that. 3 (geometra)
similar.
P nm fellow being.
semejanza nf similarity, likeness.
semen nm semen.
semental nm stud.
semestral adj half-yearly, semestral.
semestre nm 1 six-month period, se-
mester. 2 educ semester.
semicrculo nm semicircle.
semicircunferencia nf semicircum-
ference.
semiconductor nm semiconductor.
semicorchea nf semiquaver, six-
teenth note.
semiesfrico,-a adj hemispheroidal.
semifinal nf semifinal.
 325
semifusa nf hemidemisemiquaver,
sixty-fourth note.
semilla nf 1 seed. 2 fig seed, seeds.
semillero nm 1 seedbed. 2 fig hotbed,
breeding ground.
seminal adj seminal.
semiologa nf semiology.
semitica nf semiotics.
semiseco,-a adj medium dry.
semitono nm semitone, half-step.
semivocal adj semivocal.
P nf semivowel.
smola nf semolina.
senado nm 1 senate. 2 fig (reunin) as-
sembly.
senador,-ra nm & nf senator.
sencillez nf 1 (gen) simplicity. 2 (natura-
lidad) simplicity, lack of affectation,
unpretentiousness. 3 (ingenuidad) gul-
libility, naivety.
sencillo,-a adj 1 (sin adornos) simple,
plain. 2 (fcil) simple, easy. 3 (no com-
puesto) single. 4 fig (persona - natural)
natural, unaffected, unpretentious;
(- ingenua) naive, gullible.
senderismo nm trekking.
sendero nm path.
sendos,-as adj each, either.
Senegal nm Senegal.
senegals,-esa adj Senegalese.
P nm & nf Senegalese.
seno nm 1 (pecho) breast, bosom.
2 (hueco entre el pecho y la ropa) bosom. 3
(matriz) womb. 4 (cavidad) cavity, hol-
low, hole. 5 mat sine. 6 anat sinus.
sensacin nf 1 (impresin) sensation,
feeling: sensacin de calor feeling of
warmth. 2 (emocin) sensation.
sensacional adj sensational.
sensatez nf good sense.
sensato,-a adj sensible.
sensibilidad nf 1 (percepcin, sentido arts-
tico) sensitivity, feeling. 2 (emotividad)
sensibility. 3 (precisin) sensitivity.
sensible adj 1 (capaz de sentir) sentient.
2 (impresionable) sensitive. 3 (piel, odo)
sensitive. 4 (perceptible) perceptible,
appreciable, noticeable. 5 (considera-
ble) significant, considerable, sizea-
sealar
ble. 6 (que causa pena) terrible, sad. 7
tc (preciso) sensitive.
sensorial adj sensory.
sentado,-a adj 1 seated, sitting. 2 (es-
tablecido) established, settled.
sentar vt 1 (en silla, etc) to sit, seat. 2 fig
(establecer) to establish.
P vi 1 (color, ropa, etc) to suit. 2 (comida,
etc) to do; (comentario, etc) to take.
P vpr sentarse 1 (en silla, etc) to sit, sit
down. 2 (lquido) to settle. 3 (tiempo) to
settle, settle down.
sentencia nf 1 jur (decisin) judgement;
(condena) sentence. 2 (aforismo) prov-
erb, maxim, saying, motto.
sentenciar vt to sentence (a, to).
sentido,-a adj 1 (muerte, etc) deeply
felt. 2 (sensible) touchy, sensitive.
P nm sentido 1 (gen) sense. 2 (significa-
do) sense, meaning. 3 (conocimiento)
consciousness. 4 (direccin) direction.
sentimental adj sentimental.
P nm o nf sentimental person.
sentimiento nm 1 (gen) feeling. 2 (pe-
na) sorrow, grief.
sentir nm 1 (sentimiento) feeling. 2 (opi-
nin) opinion, view.
P vt 1 (gen) to feel. 2 (lamentar) to re-
gret, be sorry about, feel sorry. 3
(or) to hear. 4 (presentir) to feel, think,
have a feeling that.
P vpr sentirse to feel.
sea nf 1 (indicio, gesto) sign. 2 (seal)
mark.
P nf pl seas address sing.
seal nf 1 (signo) sign, indication. 2
(marca) mark; (en libro) bookmark. 3
(aviso, comunicacin) signal. 4 (placa, letre-
ro) sign. 5 (vestigio) trace. 6 (cicatriz) S
scar. 7 (de telfono) tone. 8 (de pago) de-
posit.
sealado,-a adj 1 (famoso) distin-
guished, famous. 2 (fijado) appoint-
ed, fixed. 3 (significativo) noticeable. 4
(marcado) marked, scarred.
sealar vt 1 (marcar) to mark. 2 (hacer
notar) to point out. 3 (apuntar hacia) to
point to, show. 4 (con el dedo) to point
at. 5 (fijar - cita) to arrange, make; (fe-
cha, lugar, precio) to set, fix.
 sealizacin
sealizacin nf 1 (seales) road signs
pl; (de aeropuerto, estacin) signposting,
signs pl. 2 (colocacin) signposting.
sealizar vt to signpost.
seor,-ra adj 1 (noble) distinguished,
noble. 2 fam fine.
P nm & nf 1 (hombre) man, gentleman;
(mujer) woman, lady. 2 (amo - hombre)
master; (- mujer) mistress. 3 (tratamiento -
hombre) sir; (- mujer) madam, us ma'am. 4
(ante apellido - hombre) Mr; (- mujer) Mrs.
seora nf (esposa) wife.
seorita nf 1 (mujer joven) young woman;
(con ms formalidad) young lady. 2 (trata-
miento) Miss. 3 fam (puro) small cigar. 4
la seorita educ the teacher, Miss.
seuelo nm 1 decoy. 2 fig bait.
spalo nm sepal.
separacin nf 1 separation. 2 (espacio)
space, gap.
separado,-a adj 1 separate. 2 (divorcia-
do) separated. l o c por separado sepa-
rately, individually.
separar vt 1 (gen) to separate. 2 (hacer
grupos) to separate, sort out. 3 (guar-
dar aparte) to set aside, put aside. 4
(apartar) to move away (de, from). 5
(de empleo, cargo) to remove (de, from),
dismiss (de, from). 6 fig (mantener ale-
jado) to keep away (de, from).
P vpr separarse 1 (tomar diferente camino)
to separate, part company. 2 (matri-
monio) to separate. 3 (apartarse) to
move away (de, from). 4 (desprender-
se) to separate (de, from), come off
(de, -). 5 (de amigo, etc) to part compa-
ny (de, with). 6 separarse de (dejar al-
go) to part with.
sepia nf (pez) cuttlefish.
septenario,-a adj septenary.
P nm septenario septenary.
septenio nm septennium.
septentrional adj northern.
septeto nm septet.
septicemia nf septicaemia (us sep-
ticemia).
sptico,-a adj septic.
septiembre nm September.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
326
sptimo,-a adj seventh.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta sexto,-a.
septuagenario,-a nm & nf septuage-
narian.
septuagsimo,-a adj seventieth.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta sexto,-a.
sepulcro nm tomb.
sepultar vt to bury.
sepultura nf 1 (lugar) grave. 2 (acto)
burial.
sequa nf drought.
ser vi 1 (gen) to be: Scrates era filsofo
Socrates was a philosopher. 2 (pertenecer)
to be, belong (de, to): estas sillas son
nuestras these chairs are ours. 3 (ser pro-
pio) to be like (de, -): es muy de Pilar it's
just like Pilar. 4 (costar) to be, cost: cun
to es? how much is it? 5 (causar) to cause,
be. 6 (consistir en) to lie in, consist of. 7
(suceder) to happen (de, to): qu fue de
Ivn? what happened to Ivn? 8 (ocurrir,
tener lugar) to take place, be held: la
reunin ser en el saln de actos the meeting
will be held in the assembly hall. 9 ser de
(proceder) to be from, come from: Santi
es de Cceres Santi is from Cceres. 10 (in-
dica material) to be made of: la puerta es
de madera the door is made of wood. 11
(devenir) to become of: qu sera de noso
tros sin ti! what would become of us
without you! 12 (estar escrito) to be by,
be written by: es de Garca Mrquez it's
by Garca Mrquez. 13 ser de + inf (ser
digno) to be worth: es de ver it's worth
seeing; es de admirar she's to be admired.
P aux (pasiva) to be: fue encontrado por
Ral it was found by Ral.
P nm 1 (ente) being. 2 (esencia) essence,
substance. 3 (valor) core, heart. 4 (vi-
da) life, existence. c o m p ser humano
human being.
serbal nm service tree.
serbio,-a adj Serb, Serbian.
P nm & nf Serb, Serbian.
P nm serbio (idioma) Serbian.
serenar vt 1 (gen) to calm. 2 fig (a al-
guien) to calm down.
 327
P vpr serenarse 1 meteor to clear up. 2
(mar) to grow calm. 3 fig (persona) to
calm down.
serenidad nf serenity, calm. l o c con
servar la serenidad to keep calm.
sereno,-a adj 1 meteor (cielo) clear;
(tiempo) fine, good. 2 fig (persona - tran-
quila) calm. 3 fig (ambiente, etc) calm,
peaceful, quiet.
P nm sereno 1 (vigilante) night watch-
man. 2 (ambiente de la noche) night air,
night dew.
serie nf 1 (gen) series. 2 (conjunto) series,
string, succession.
seriedad nf 1 (gravedad) seriousness,
gravity. 2 (formalidad) reliability, de-
pendability. l o c con seriedad serious-
ly.
serio,-a adj 1 (importante) serious,
grave. 2 (severo) serious. 3 (formal) reli-
able, responsible, dependable. 4 (co-
lor) sober; (traje, etc) formal. l o c tomar
en serio to take seriously.
sermn nm 1 rel sermon. 2 fam ser-
mon, ticking-off, lecture.
seropositivo,-a adj 1 seropositive. 2
(con el VIH) HIV positive.
serpentear vi 1 (gen) to crawl, wrig-
gle. 2 (camino) to wind, twist; (ro) to
wind, meander.
serpentn nm
serpentina nf (de papel) streamer.
serpiente nf snake.
serpol nm wild thyme.
serrana nf mountain range, moun-
tains pl.
serrar vt to saw.
serrera nf sawmill.
serrn nm sawdust.
serrucho nm handsaw.
servicial adj obliging, helpful, ac-
commodating.
servicio nm 1 (gen) service. 2 (criados)
servants pl; (asistente) domestic help.
3 (juego, conjunto) set. 4 (favor) service,
favour ( us favor). 5 dep service,
serve. 6 [tambin servicios.] (retrete) toi-
let, us rest room.
setenta
servidor,-ra nm & nf 1 servant. 2 euf
myself.
P nm servidor 1 mil gunner. 2 inform
server.
servilleta nf napkin, serviette.
servio,-a adj Serb, Serbian.
P nm& nf Serb, Serbian.
P nmservio (idioma) Serbian.
servir vt 1 (gen) to serve. 2 (comida, bebi-
da) to serve, wait on. 3 (ayudar) to
help. 4 com (suministrar) to serve, sup-
ply with; (entregar) to deliver.
P vi 1 (gen) to serve. 2 (ser til) to be
useful, be helpful, be a help. 3 (obje-
to) to be no good: esto no sirve this is no
good. 4 (estar al servicio de otro) to be a
servant, be in service. 5 (asistir a la me-
sa) to serve (en, at), wait (en, at): ser
vir en la mesa to wait at table.
P vpr servirse 1 (comida, etc) to serve os,
help os. 2 (usar) to use (de, -), make
use of (de, -).
ssamo nm sesame.
sesenta adj (cardinal) sixty; (ordinal) six-
tieth.
P nm (nmero) sixty.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta seis.
sesentavo,-a adj sixtieth.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta sexto,-a.
sesin nf 1 (reunin) session, meeting.
2 cine showing. c o m p sesin continua
continuous session. y sesin plenaria
plenary session.
seso nm 1 brain. 2 fam fig brains pl,
grey matter, sense.
P nm pl sesos culin brains.
seta nf (comestible) mushroom; (no co- S
mestible) toadstool.
setecientos,-as adj (cardinal) seven
hundred; (ordinal) seven-hundredth.
P nm setecientos (nmero) seven hun-
dred.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta seis.
setenta adj (cardinal) seventy; (ordinal)
seventieth.
P nm (nmero) seventy.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta seis.
 setentavo
setentavo,-a adj seventieth.
P nm & nf seventieth.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta sexto,-a.
setiembre nm September.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta marzo.
seto nm hedge.
severidad nf 1 (gravedad) severity,
harshness. 2 (rigurosidad) strictness.
severo,-a adj 1 (grave) severe, harsh. 2
(riguroso) strict.
sexagenario,-a adj sexagenarian.
P nm & nf sexagenarian.
sexagesimal adj sexagesimal.
sexagsimo,-a adj sixtieth.
P nm & nf sixtieth.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta sexto,-a.
sexenio nm six-year period.
sexismo nm sexism.
sexista adj 1 sexist. 2 (machista) chau-
vinistic.
P nm 1 sexist. 2 (machista) male chau-
vinist.
sexo nm 1 sex. 2 (rganos) sexual or-
gans pl, genitals pl.
sextante nm sextant.
sexteto nm sextet.
sexto,-a adj sixth: una sexta parte a
sixth; el siglo sexto the sixth century; Al
fonso sexto Alfonso the sixth; vive en un
sexto piso he lives in a sixth-floor flat;
acab en sexto lugar he finished in sixth
place. 2 (sexto) sixth: soy el seis de la lista
Im sixth on the list.
P nm & nf sixth: le correspondi un sexto
del pastel he got a sixth of the cake.
sextuplicar vt to multiply by six,
sextuplicate.
sxtuplo,-a adj sextuple.
P nm sxtuplo six times as much, six
times as many.
sexual adj (gen) sex; (relaciones) sexual:
vida sexual sex life.
sexualidad nf sexuality.
Seychelles nm pl las (islas) Seychelles
the Seychelles.
sha nm shah.
shrif nm sheriff.
328
si1 conj 1 (condicional) if: si quieres puedes ve
nir con nosotros you can come with us if
you want to. 2 (disyuntiva, duda) if,
whether: no s si decrselo (o no) I don't
know whether to tell her (or not). 3 (n-
fasis) but: pero si es facilsimo! but it's
really easy! l o c como si as if. y por si
acaso just in case: llvatelo por si acaso
take it with you just in case.
si2 nm ms ti, si, B.
s1 pron 1 (l) himself; (ella) herself; (cosa)
itself; (ellos, ellas) themselves; (usted)
yourself; (ustedes) yourselves: lo hizo
por s misma she did it by herself; habla
ban para s they were talking to them-
selves. 2 (uno mismo) oneself. 3 (recpro-
co) each other: hablaban entre s they
were talking to each other.
s2 adv 1 yes: dijo que s she said yes. 2
(enftico) of course: s que me gusta of
course I like it. l o c creo que s I think
so. y porque s 1 (sin razn) just be-
cause I (you, etc) say so. 2 (por naturale-
za) that's the way it is: no puedes mar
charte porque s you can't leave just
because you feel like it.
siberiano,-a adj Siberian.
P nm & nf Siberian.
sicoanlisis nm inv psychoanalysis.
sicodlico,-a adj psychedelic.
sicologa nf psychology.
sida abrev med (sndrome de inmunode-
ficiencia adquirida) acquired im-
mune deficiency syndrome; (abrevia-
tura) AIDS.
siderurgia nf iron and steel industry.
sidra nf cider, us hard cider.
siega nf 1 (accin) harvesting, reaping.
2 (poca) harvest, harvest time. 3
(mieses) harvest.
siembra nf 1 (accin) sowing. 2 (poca)
sowing time. 3 (sembrado) sown field.
siempre adv always: siempre recordar sus
palabras I'll always remember her words.
siempreviva nf everlasting flower,
immortelle.
sien nf temple.
sierra nf 1 tc saw. 2 geog mountain
range.
 329
Sierra Leona nf Sierra Leone.
sierraleons,-esa adj Sierra Leone-
an.
P nm & nf Sierra Leonean.
siesta nf siesta, afternoon nap.
siete adj (cardinal) seven; (sptimo) sev-
enth.
P nm 1 (nmero) seven. 2 fam (rasgn)
tear.
. Para ejemplos de uso, consulta seis.
sigilo nm 1 (secreto) secrecy. 2 (discrecin)
discretion.
sigla nf acronym, abbreviation.
siglo nm 1 century. 2 fig (vida mundana)
world. c o m p el Siglo de Oro the Gold-
en Age.
significacin nf 1 (sentido) meaning. 2
(trascendencia) significance.
significado,-a adj well-known, im-
portant.
P nm significado 1 meaning. 2 ling
signifier.
significar vt 1 to mean: no s lo que sig
nifica I don't know what it means. 2 (ha-
cer saber) to make known, express.
significativo,-a adj 1 (que da a entender)
meaningful. 2 (importante) significant.
signo nm 1 (gen) sign. 2 gram mark. 3
(destino) fate, destiny. 4 (tendencia) ten-
dency.
siguiente adj following, next: vamos a
leer el captulo siguiente we're going to
read the next chapter. l o c el siguiente!
next, please!
slaba nf syllable.
silbar vi 1 to whistle. 2 (abuchear) to
hiss, boo.
silbato nm whistle.
silbido nm 1 (accin) whistle, whis-
tling. 2 (abucheo) hissing.
silenciar vt 1 (ocultar) to hush up. 2 (pa-
sar por alto) not to mention.
silencio nm silence. l o c guardar silen
cio to keep quiet.
silencioso,-a adj (persona) quiet; (objeto)
silent.
silepsis nf inv syllepsis.
slex nm inv flint.
simulacin
silicato nm silicate.
slice nf silica.
silceo,-a adj flinty.
silcico,-a adj silicic.
silicio nm silicon.
silla nf 1 chair. 2 (de montar) saddle.
sillar nm (piedra) ashlar.
silln nm saddle.
silln nm armchair.
silueta nf 1 (contorno) silhouette. 2 (figu-
ra) figure, shape.
silvestre adj wild.
silvicultura nf forestry.
sima nf abyss, chasm.
simbiosis nf inv symbiosis.
simblico,-a adj symbolic, symboli-
cal.
simbolizar vt to symbolize.
smbolo nm symbol.
simetra nf symmetry.
simtrico,-a adj symmetric.
simiente nf seed.
simiesco,-a adj simian, apelike.
smil nm 1 (comparacin) comparison. 2
(semejanza) resemblance. 3 lit simile.
similar adj similar.
simio nm simian, monkey.
simpata nf 1 (cordialidad) affection
(por, for), liking (por, for). 2 (amabili-
dad) warmth, pleasantness. 3 (afini-
dad) affinity (por, with). 4 (solidaridad)
sympathy (por, towards), solidarity
(con, with). 5 med sympathy.
simptico,-a adj 1 (amable) nice, like-
able; (agradable) kind, friendly; (encan-
tador) charming. 2 med sympathetic.
simpatizante nm o nf supporter. S
simpatizar vi 1 (con persona) to get on
(con, with). 2 (con idea, etc) to sympa-
thize (con, with).
simple adj 1 (gen) simple. 2 (nico) sin-
gle, just one. 3 (mero) mere. 4 (persona)
simple, simple-minded.
simplicidad nf 1 simplicity. 2 (ingenui-
dad) naivety, ingenuousness.
simplificar vt to simplify.
simposio nm symposium.
simulacin nf simulation.
simulacro
simulacro nm sham, pretence (us pre-
tense): simulacro de incendio fire drill.
simulado,-a adj simulated.
simulador,-ra adj simulative.
P nm & nf pretender.
P nm simulador tc simulator.
simular vt 1 to simulate. 2 (fingir) to
pretend.
simultanear vt 1 (hacer dos cosas) to do
simultaneously, do at the same
time. 2 (combinar) to combine.
simultaneidad nf simultaneity.
simultneo,-a adj simultaneous.
sin prep 1 (carencia) without. 2 (adems
de) not counting. l o c estar sin + inf
not to have been + pp: est sin plan
char it hasn't been ironed. y sin querer
accidentally, by mistake: lo hizo sin
querer he didn't mean to do it.
sinagoga nf synagogue.
sinalefa nf synalepha, synaloepha,
elision.
sincerarse vpr (abrirse) to open one's
heart (con, to).
sinceridad nf sincerity.
sincero,-a adj sincere.
sinclinal nm syncline.
sncopa nf 1 ms syncopation. 2 ling
syncope.
sincopado,-a adj ms syncopated.
sincopar vt 1 (notas, palabras) to synco-
pate. 2 fig (abreviar) to abridge.
sncope nm syncope.
sincretismo nm syncretism.
sincrona nf synchrony.
sincrnico,-a adj synchronic.
sincronismo nm synchronism.
sincronizacin nf synchronization.
sincronizar vt to synchronize.
sindicado,-a adj who belongs to a
trade union.
sindical adj trade union, union.
sindicalismo nm trade unionism, un-
ionism.
sindicalista nm o nf trade unionist,
unionist.
sindicar vt to unionize.
330
P vpr sindicarse (unirse a un sindicato) to
join a trade union.
sindicato nm trade union, union.
sndico nm 1 pol elected representa-
tive. 2 (depositario) trustee.
sndrome nm syndrome.
sinresis nf inv syneresis, synaeresis.
sinergia nf synergy.
sinfn nm endless number.
sinfona nf symphony.
sinfnico,-a adj symphonic.
Singapur nm Singapore.
singular adj 1 (nico) singular, single. 2
(excepcional) extraordinary, excep-
tional.
P nm gram singular. l o c en singular
gram in the singular.
singularidad nf 1 (unicidad) singulari-
ty. 2 (excepcionalidad) strangeness,
uniqueness.
singularizar vt 1 (distinguir) to distin-
guish, single out. 2 gram to use in
the singular.
P vpr singularizarse to distinguish os
(por, by/with), stand out ((por, for).
siniestra nf (mano izquierda) left hand.
siniestrado,-a adj lit damaged.
siniestro,-a adj 1 lit (izquierdo) left, left-
hand. 2 (malo) sinister, ominous.
P nm siniestro disaster, catastrophe;
(accidente) accident; (incendio) fire.
sinnmero nm endless number.
sino1 conj 1 (contraposicin) but: no es blan
co sino negro it isn't white but black. 2
(excepcin) but, except for: nadie lo sabe
sino Antonio nobody knows except for
Antonio.
sino2 nm (destino) fate, destiny.
sinonimia nf synonymy.
sinnimo,-a adj synonymous.
P nm sinnimo synonym.
sinopsis nf inv synopsis.
sinptico,-a adj synoptic, synoptical.
sinrazn nf wrong, injustice.
sinsabor nm fig worry, trouble, heart-
ache.
sintctico,-a adj syntactic, syntacti-
cal.
 331
sintagma nm phrase. c o m p sintagma
nominal noun phrase.
sintaxis nf inv syntax.
sntesis nf inv synthesis.
sinttico,-a adj synthetic.
sintetizador nm synthesizer.
sintetizar vt 1 to synthesize. 2 (resu-
mir) to summarize: sintetizando dira
que to sum up, I'd like to say that
sntoma nm symptom.
sintomtico,-a adj 1 symptomatic. 2
fig significant.
sintomatologa nf symptomatology.
sintona nf 1 (de radio) tuning. 2 (msica)
signature tune. 3 fig (armona) har-
mony. l o c estar en sintona con algn
fig to be in tune with sb, be on sb's
wavelength.
sintonizador nm 1 (botn) tuning
knob. 2 (de cadena de sonido) tuner.
sintonizar vt (radio) to tune in to: sinto
niz una emisora local he tuned in to a lo-
cal radio station.
P vi fig (llevarse bien) to get on well, be
on the same wavelength.
sinuosidad nf 1 (cualidad) sinuosity. 2
(curva) bend, curve. 3 fig (de argumento,
etc) tortuousness; (de persona) devi-
ousness.
sinuoso,-a adj 1 (camino) winding. 2 fig
(argumento) tortuous; (persona) devious.
sinvergenza nm o nf 1 (pcaro) rotter,
swine, louse. 2 (descarado) cheeky
devil.
siquiatra nm o nf psychiatrist.
siquiatra nf psychiatry.
squico,-a adj psquico,-a.
siquiera conj 1 (adversativa) even
though, even if: quisiera hablar contigo,
siquiera fuera un momento I would like to
speak to you, even if it's only for a mo-
ment. 2 (distributiva) whether.
P adv (por lo menos) at least: dame siquie
ra la mitad give me at least half of it.
sirena nf 1 (ninfa) siren, mermaid. 2
(alarma) siren.
Siria nf Syria.
sirio,-a adj Syrian.
P nm & nf Syrian.
sobado
sirviente,-a nm & nf servant.
sisa nf cost armhole.
sisal nm sisal.
sisar vt 1 cost to dart, take in. 2 (hurtar)
to pilfer, pinch, nick; (estafar) to
cheat.
sisear vi to hiss.
P vt to hiss.
siseo nm hiss, hissing.
ssmico,-a adj seismic.
sismo nm earthquake, tremor.
sismgrafo nm seismograph.
sismologa nf seismology.
sismlogo,-a nm & nf seismologist.
sistema nm system. c o m p sistema de
ecuaciones simultaneous equations pl.
y sistema mtrico decimal decimal met-
ric system. y sistema nervioso nervous
system. y sistema operativo operative
system.
sistemtico,-a adj systematic.
sistematizar vt to systematize.
sstole nf systole.
sistlico,-a adj systolic.
sitiado,-a adj besieged.
P nm & nf besieged.
sitial nm seat of honour (us honor).
sitiar vt to besiege, lay siege to.
sitio nm 1 (lugar) place. 2 (espacio) space,
room. 3 (asiento) seat. 4 mil siege.
c o m p sitio web website.
sito,-a adj fml located, situated.
situacin nf 1 (circunstancia) situation. 2
(posicin) position. 3 (emplazamiento)
situation, location.
situado,-a adj situated, located.
S
situar vt to place, locate, situate, put.
P vpr situarse 1 (colocarse) to be placed,
be located, be situated. 2 (lograr una
posicin) to get on, do well, be suc-
cessful.
soasar vt to roast lightly.
sobaco nm armpit.
sobado,-a adj 1 (desgastado) worn,
shabby. 2 (manoseado) well-thumbed,
dog-eared. 3 fig (manido) well-worn.
sobar 332
sobar vt 1 (ablandar) to knead. 2 fig
(manosear - objeto) to finger; (- persona)
to grope, paw, touch up.
soberana nf sovereignty.
soberano,-a adj 1 sovereign. 2 fig ex-
treme, supreme. 3 fam huge, great.
P nm & nf sovereign.
soberbia nf 1 (orgullo) pride; (arrogancia)
arrogance, haughtiness. 2 (clera)
rage, anger.
soberbio,-a adj 1 (orgulloso) proud; (arro-
gante) arrogant, haughty. 2 (suntuoso)
sumptuous, magnificent. 3 (magnfico)
superb, splendid, magnificent.
sobornable adj bribable, venal.
sobornar vt to bribe, suborn.
soborno nm 1 (accin) bribery. 2 (regalo,
etc) bribe.
sobra nf (exceso) excess, surplus. l o c
saber algo de sobra to know sth only
too well.
P nf pl sobras (desperdicios) leftovers.
sobrado,-a adj (que sobra) ample, more
than enough, plenty of.
sobrante adj leftover, remaining,
spare.
sobrar vi 1 (haber ms de lo necesario) to
be more than enough, be too much.
2 (estar de ms) to be superfluous, be
unnecessary. 3 (quedar) to have left
over, be left over.
sobre prep 1 (encima) on, upon, on top
of. 2 (por encima) over, above. 3 (acerca
de) about, on. 4 (alrededor de) about,
around.
P nm 1 (de correo) envelope. 2 (de sopa,
etc) packet. l o c sobre todo above all,
especially.
sobre- pref super-, over-.
sobreabundancia nf superabun-
dance, overabundance.
sobrealimentar vt to overfeed.
sobretico nm penthouse.
sobrecarga nf 1 overload. 2 fig addi-
tional burden, further worry.
sobrecargar vt 1 to overload. 2 fig to
overburden.
sobrecogedor,-ra adj 1 (conmovedor)
dramatic, awesome. 2 (que da miedo)
frightening.
sobrecoger vt 1 (tomar por sorpresa) to
startle, take by surprise. 2 (asustar)
to frighten, scare.
sobrecubierta nf jacket, dust cover.
sobredosis nf inv overdose.
sobreentender vt 1 (comprender) to un-
derstand. 2 (deducir) to deduce.
P vpr sobreentenderse to be implied,
be inferred: se sobreentiende que su res
puesta ser afirmativa one assumes that
she will say yes.
sobreexcitacin nf overexcitement.
sobreexcitar vt to overexcite.
P vpr sobreexcitarse to get overex-
cited.
sobreexponer vt to overexpose.
sobreexposicin nf overexposure.
sobrehilar vt cost to whipstitch.
sobrehumano,-a adj superhuman.
sobreimpresin nf overprint.
sobrellevar vt to bear, endure.
sobremanera adv exceedingly.
sobremesa nf 1 (perodo) afternoon: la
programacin de la sobremesa the after-
noon's television programmes. 2 (charla)
table talk.
sobrenadar vi to float.
sobrenatural adj supernatural.
sobrenombre nm nickname.
sobrentender vt-vpr sobreentender.
sobrepaga nf bonus.
sobrepasar vt 1 to exceed, surpass, be
in excess of. 2 (competicin) to beat.
sobrepeso nm 1 overload, excess
weight. 2 (de persona) excess weight.
sobreponer vt to put on top (en, of),
superimpose (en, on).
P vpr sobreponerse 1 fig (al dolor, etc) to
overcome ( a, -). 2 fig (animarse) to
pull os together.
sobreproduccin nf excess produc-
tion, overproduction.
sobresaliente adj 1 sticking out, pro-
truding. 2 fig outstanding, excellent.
P nm (calificacin - colegio) A; (- universidad)
first, us A.
 333
sobresalir vi 1 to stick out, protrude.
2 fig to stand out, excel.
sobresaltar vt to startle.
P vpr sobresaltarse to be startled.
sobresalto nm start; (de temor) fright,
shock.
sobresdrjulo,-a adj accented on the
antepenultimate syllable.
sobrestimar vt to overestimate.
sobretodo nm (abrigo) overcoat.
sobrevalorar vt to overestimate.
sobrevenir vi to happen to, befall: no
sabremos nunca lo que le sobrevino we'll
never know what happened to her.
sobreviviente nm o nf survivor.
sobrevivir vi 1 (gen) to survive. 2 (a al-
guien) to outlive.
sobrevolar vt to fly over.
sobrexcitacin nf overexcitement.
sobrexcitar vt-vpr sobreexcitar.
sobrexponer vt sobreexponer.
sobriedad nf sobriety, moderation,
restraint.
sobrino,-a nm & nf (hombre) nephew;
(mujer) niece.
sobrio,-a adj 1 (estilo, color, etc) sober,
plain. 2 (persona) sober, moderate.
socavar vt 1 (excavar) to dig under. 2
fig to undermine.
socavn nm 1 (cueva excavada) excava-
tion. 2 (bache) hollow, hole. 3 (de una
mina) gallery, tunnel.
sociabilidad nf sociability.
sociable adj sociable, friendly.
social adj social.
socialdemocracia nf social democ-
racy.
socialdemcrata adj social demo-
cratic.
P nm o nf social democrat.
socialismo nm socialism.
socialista adj socialist.
P nm o nf socialist.
socializar vt 1 (gen) to socialize. 2 (na-
cionalizar) to nationalize.
sociedad nf 1 (gen) society. 2 com
company. 3 (asociacin) society, asso-
ciation.
sol
socio,-a nm & nf 1 (miembro) member. 2
com partner, associate. 3 (accionista)
shareholder, member.
socioeconmico,-a adj socioeco-
nomic.
sociologa nf sociology.
socilogo,-a nm & nf sociologist.
socorrer vt to help, assist, come to
the aid of, go to the aid of.
socorrista nm o nf life-saver, lifeguard.
socorro nm 1 (ayuda) help, aid, assis-
tance. 2 (provisiones) supplies pl, pro-
visions pl.
P interj help!
soda nf 1 (bebida) soda water. 2 qum
soda.
sdico,-a adj sodium.
sodio nm sodium.
sof nm sofa, settee.
sof-cama nm sofa bed, studio
couch.
sofisticacin nf sophistication.
sofisticado,-a adj sophisticated.
sofocante adj suffocating, stifling.
sofocar vt 1 (ahogar) to suffocate, sti-
fle, smother. 2 fig (incendio) to put
out, extinguish; (rebelin) to sup-
press, put down.
P vpr sofocarse 1 (de calor, etc) to suffo-
cate. 2 fig (ruborizarse) to blush.
sofoco nm 1 (ahogo) suffocation, sti-
fling sensation. 2 fig (vergenza) em-
barrassment; (rubor) blushing. 3 fam
(disgusto) shock.
sofocn nm fam shock. l o c llevarse un
sofocn fam to get into a state.
sofrer vt to fry lightly, brown.
sofrito nm fried tomato and onion S
sauce.
software nm software.
soga nf rope, cord.
soja nf soya bean, us soybean. c o m p
salsa de soja soy sauce.
sojuzgar vt to subjugate.
sol1 nm 1 (estrella) sun. 2 (luz) sun, sun-
light, sunshine. 3 fam (persona) dar-
ling. 4 (moneda de Per) sol, standard
monetary unit of Peru. l o c hace sol
it's sunny, the sun's shining. y tomar
sol
el sol 1 (tendido) to sunbathe. 2 (al ca-
minar) to get some sun.
sol2 nm ms sol, G.
solapa nf 1 (de prenda) lapel. 2 (de sobre,
libro) flap.
solapado,-a adj fig sly, evasive.
solapar vt 1 cost to put lapels on. 2
fig (ocultar) to conceal, cover up.
P vi (cubrir) to overlap.
solar1 adj (del sol) solar.
solar2 nm 1 (terreno) plot, lot; (en obras)
building site. 2 (casa solariega) ances-
tral home.
solar3 vt (suelo) to floor.
solaz nm 1 (esparcimiento) recreation,
entertainment. 2 (descanso) rest, re-
laxation.
solazar vt 1 (entretener) to amuse, en-
tertain. 2 (descansar) to rest, relax.
P vpr solazarse 1 (divertirse) to enjoy os.
2 (relajarse) to relax.
soldado nm soldier. c o m p soldado raso
private.
soldador,-ra nm & nf welder.
P nm soldador soldering iron.
soldadura nf 1 (accin) welding, solder-
ing. 2 (unin) weld, soldered joint.
soldar vt 1 (metal) to weld, solder. 2 fig
(enmendar) to mend.
P vpr soldarse (huesos) to knit.
soleado,-a adj sunny.
solear vt to expose to the sun, put in
the sun.
soledad nf 1 (estado) solitude. 2 (senti-
miento) loneliness. 3 (lugar) lonely
place.
solemne adj 1 solemn, majestic. 2
pey downright: es una solemne tontera
it's downright stupidity.
solemnidad nf 1 (pompa) solemnity,
pomp, formality. 2 (acto, ceremonia)
solemn ceremony, ceremonial oc-
casion.
solemnizar vt (celebrar) to solemnize,
celebrate; (conmemorar) to commem-
orate.
soler vi (acostumbrar - presente) to be in
the habit of + -ing; (- pasado) used to:
334
sola venir cada martes she used to come
every Tuesday.
solicitante nm o nf applicant.
solicitar vt 1 (pedir) to request. 2 (trabajo)
to apply for; (permiso, etc) to ask for;
(votos) to canvass for. 3 (persona) to
chase after. 4 (cortejar) to woo, court.
solcito,-a adj obliging, attentive.
solicitud nf 1 (peticin) request; (de tra-
bajo) application; (- impreso) applica-
tion form. 2 (instancia) petition. 3 (dili-
gencia) solicitude, care. c o m p solicitud
de empleo job application.
solidaridad nf solidarity.
solidario,-a adj 1 (ligado) united. 2 (res-
ponsabilidad, causa) common.
solidarizarse vpr 1 (gen) to show
one's solidarity (con, with). 2 (apo-
yar) to support (con, -).
solidez nf (resistencia) solidity, strength;
(firmeza) firmness.
solidificacin nf solidification.
solidificar vt 1 (lquido) to solidify. 2
(pasta) to harden, set.
P vpr solidificarse 1 (lquido) to solidify.
2 (pasta) to harden, set.
slido,-a adj 1 (fuerte) solid, strong; (fir-
me) firm. 2 fig (color) fast. 3 fig (princi-
pios, etc) sound.
P nm slido solid.
solista nm o nf soloist.
solitaria nf med tapeworm.
solitario,-a adj 1 (que est solo) solitary,
lone. 2 (que se siente solo) lonely. 3 (lu-
gar) deserted, lonely.
P nm & nf (persona) solitary person.
P nm solitario (diamante, naipes) soli-
taire.
slito,-a adj usual, customary.
soliviantar vt 1 (inducir) to rouse, stir
up. 2 (irritar) to irritate.
sollozar vi to sob.
slo adv solo1.
solo1 adv [slo se usa si se puede producir
confusin con el adjetivo o con el nombre]
only, just: solo quiero caf I just want a
coffee.
solo,-a adj 1 (sin compaa) alone, on
one's own, by os; (sin ayuda) (by) os,

(for) os. 2 (solitario) lonely. 3 (nico)
only, sole, single. 4 (caf) black.
P nm solo 1 (naipes) solitaire. 2 fam (ca-
f) black coffee. 3 ms solo. l o c a so
las alone, by os.
solomillo nm sirloin.
soltar vt 1 (desasir) to let go of, release,
drop. 2 (desatar) to untie, unfasten,
undo; (aflojar) to loosen. 3 (preso) to
release, free, set free. 4 (animal) to let
out; (perro) to unleash. 5 (humo, olor) to
give off. 6 (puntos) to drop. 7 (de vien-
tre) to loosen. 8 fam (arrear) to give,
deal. 9 fam (decir) to come out with,
blurt out.
P vpr soltarse 1 (desatarse) to come un-
tied, come unfastened. 2 (desprender-
se) to come off. 3 (tornillo, etc) to come
loose. 4 (animal) to get loose, break
loose. 5 (puntos) to come undone. 6
(vientre) to loosen. 7 fig (adquirir habili-
dad) to become proficient, get the
knack. 8 fig (desenvolverse) to become
self-confident, loosen up.
soltero,-a adj single, unmarried.
P nm & nf (hombre) bachelor, single
man; (mujer) single woman.
soluble adj soluble.
solucin nf solution.
solucionar vt 1 (problema) to solve. 2
(huelga, asunto) to settle.
solventar vt 1 (dificultad, problema) to
solve, resolve. 2 (deuda, asunto) to set-
tle.
solvente adj 1 fin solvent. 2 (fiable) re-
liable.
P nm qum solvent.
somal adj Somali.
P nm o nf Somali.
Somalia nf Somalia.
sombra nf 1 (falta de sol) shade. 2 (silue-
ta) shadow. 3 (espectro) ghost, shade.
4 fig (persona que sigue a otra) shadow. 5
fam fig (gracia) wit. 6 fig (parte pequea)
trace, shadow, bit. 7 fig (clandestini-
dad) secrecy.
sombreado nm shading.
sombrero nm 1 (prenda) hat.
sombrilla nf parasol, sunshade.
335 sonoridad
sombro,-a adj 1 (lugar) dark. 2 fig (te-
nebroso) gloomy, sombre (us somb-
er). 3 fig (persona) gloomy, sullen.
someter vt 1 (rebeldes) to subdue, put
down; (rebelin) to quell. 2 (hacer recibir)
to subject (a, to). 3 (pasiones) to sub-
due. 4 (proponer, presentar) to submit.
P vpr someterse 1 (rendirse) to surren-
der (a, to). 2 (tratamiento, etc) to under-
go (a, -). l o c someter a prueba to test,
put to the test. y someter algo a vota
cin to put sth to the vote.
somnolencia nf sleepiness, drowsi-
ness, somnolence.
somnoliento,-a adj sleepy, drowsy.
son nm 1 (sonido) sound. 2 fig (modo)
manner, way: a mi son my way. l o c en
son de paz in peace.
sonado,-a adj 1 (conocido) famous. 2
(escndalo, etc) much talked-about.
3 fam fig (loco) mad, crazy.
sonmbulo,-a nm & nf sleepwalker,
somnambulist.
sonar1 vi 1 (hacer ruido) to sound. 2 (tim-
bre, telfono, etc) to ring. 3 (alarma, reloj)
to go off. 4 (instrumento) to play. 5 (le-
tra) to be pronounced.
P vt 1 (conocer vagamente) to sound fa-
miliar, ring a bell. 2 (timbre, etc) to
ring; (bocina) to blow, sound; (instru-
mento) to play.
P vpr sonarse (nariz) to blow.
sonar2 nm mar sonar.
sonda nf 1 med (para intervenciones quirr-
gicas) probe; (para evacuar lquidos) cath-
eter. 2 mar sounding line. 3 (barreno)
drill, bore. 4 (atmosfrica) sonde; (espa-
cio) probe.
S
sondear vt 1 med to sound, probe. 2
mar to sound. 3 (subsuelo) to drill,
bore. 4 fig (encuestar) to sound out.
sondeo nm 1 med sounding, probing.
2 mar sounding. 3 (del subsuelo) drill-
ing, boring. 4 fig (encuesta) poll.
soneto nm sonnet.
snico,-a adj sonic.
sonido nm sound.
sonoridad nf sonority.
 sonoro
sonoro,-a adj 1 (resonante) loud, re-
sounding. 2 ling sound.
sonrer vi to smile.
P vt 1 to smile at. 2 fig (favorecer) to
smile on, smile upon.
P vpr sonrerse to smile.
sonriente adj smiling.
sonrisa nf smile.
sonrojar vt to make blush.
P vpr sonrojarse to blush.
sonsacar vt 1 (gen) to wheedle. 2 fig
(secreto) to get out of, worm out.
soador,-ra nm & nf dreamer.
soar vt 1 (al dormir) to dream. 2 fig
(fantasear) to daydream, dream.
P vi 1 (al dormir) to dream (con, about/
of). 2 fig (fantasear) to daydream (con,
about), dream (con, about/of).
soolencia nf sleepiness.
sooliento,-a adj drowsy, sleepy.
sopa nf (plato) soup.
sopesar vt 1 to try the weight of. 2 fig
to weigh up.
soplar vi 1 (viento, etc) to blow. 2 fam
(denunciar) to squeal.
P vt 1 (polvo, etc) to blow away, blow
off; (vela) to blow out; (sopa) to blow
on; (globo) to blow up. 2 (vidrio) to
blow. 3 fam fig (delatar) to split on,
grass on. 4 fam fig (en un examen, etc) to
whisper the answer, tell the answer.
soplete nm blowtorch, blowlamp.
soplido nm blow, puff.
soplo nm 1 (con la boca) blow, puff. 2 (de
viento) puff. 3 fig (momento) moment,
minute. 4 med murmur. 5 fam (de se-
creto, etc) tip-off.
soportar vt 1 (aguantar) to support, bear.
2 fig (sufrir) to stand, bear, endure. 3 fig
(lluvia, tormenta, etc) to weather.
soporte nm support. c o m p soporte de
datos inform data carrier.
sorbo nm 1 (accin) sip. 2 (trago) gulp.
sordera nf deafness.
sordidez nf 1 (suciedad) squalor. 2 (mez-
quindad) meanness.
srdido,-a adj 1 (sucio) squalid, sordid.
2 (mezquino) mean.
336
sordo,-a adj 1 (persona) deaf. 2 (sonido,
dolor, golpe) dull. 3 ling voiceless.
P nm & nf (persona) deaf person.
sordomudez nf deaf-mutism.
sordomudo,-a adj deaf and dumb.
P nm & nf deaf mute.
sorgo nm sorghum.
sorprendente adj surprising, amaz-
ing, astonishing.
sorprender vt 1 (tomar desprevenido) to
catch unaware, take by surprise. 2
fig (descubrir) to discover; (conversacin)
to overhear. 3 fig (maravillar) to sur-
prise, astonish, amaze.
P vpr sorprenderse fig to be surprised.
sorpresa nf surprise.
sortear vt 1 (echar a suertes) to draw lots
for, cast lots for. 2 (rifar) to raffle. 3
mil to draft. 4 fig (obstculos, dificultad)
to get round, overcome; (preguntas)
to dodge, evade, get round.
sorteo nm draw; (rifa) raffle.
sortija nf (anillo) ring.
sortilegio nm 1 (hechicera) sorcery,
witchcraft. 2 (hechizo) spell.
sosa nf 1 qum soda. 2 bot saltwort.
sosegado,-a adj calm, quiet.
sosegar vt (aplacar) to calm, quieten.
P vpr sosegarse (calmarse) to calm down.
sosiego nm calmness, peace.
soso,-a adj 1 (inspido) tasteless; (sin sal)
unsalted. 2 fig dull, insipid.
sospecha nf suspicion.
sospechar vt (imaginar) to suspect,
think, suppose.
P vi (desconfiar) to suspect (de, -).
sospechoso,-a adj suspicious.
P nm & nf suspect.
sostn nm 1 (apoyo) support. 2 (sustento)
sustenance. 3 [tambin se usa en plural
con el mismo significado] (prenda) bra.
sostener vt 1 (mantener firme) to sup-
port, hold up. 2 (sujetar) to hold. 3 fig
(apoyar) to support, back. 4 fig (afirmar)
to maintain, affirm. 5 fig (alimentar) to
support, keep. 6 fig (velocidad, corres-
pondencia, relacin, etc) to keep up.
P vpr sostenerse 1 (mantenerse) to sup-
port os; (de pie) to stand up. 2 (perma-
necer) to stay, remain.
 337
sostenibilidad nf sustainability.
sostenible adj (gen) sustainable; (argu-
mento) tenable.
sostenido,-a adj 1 (continuado) sus-
tained; (constante) steady. 2 ms sharp:
fa sostenido F sharp.
P nm sostenido ms sharp.
sota nf (cartas) jack, knave.
stano nm (gen) basement; (de casa)
cellar, basement.
sotavento nm lee, leeward.
soterrar vt 1 to bury. 2 fig to hide.
soto nm 1 (arboleda) grove, copse.
Sri Lanka nf Sri Lanka.
stop nm 1 (seal) stop sign. 2 (parada)
stop.
su adj (de l) his; (de ella) her; (de usted, de
ustedes) your; (de ellos, de ellas) their; (de
animales, cosas) its; (de uno) one's.
suave adj 1 (agradable al tacto) soft,
smooth. 2 (liso, llano) smooth, even. 3
fig (apacible) gentle, mild. 4 fig (tranqui-
lo) easy. 5 fig (msica, palabras, voz, luz,
movimiento, viento) soft, gentle. 6 fig (cli-
ma) mild, clement.
suavizante nm 1 (de pelo) hair condi-
tioner. 2 (de ropa) fabric softener.
suavizar vt 1 (hacer agradable) to soften.
2 (alisar) to smooth (out). 3 fig to sof-
ten.
subacutico,-a adj underwater.
subafluente nm tributary.
subalimentacin nf undernourish-
ment.
subalimentar vt to underfeed.
subalterno,-a nm & nf subordinate.
subasta nf 1 (venta) auction. 2 (adjudica-
cin de obra) invitation to tender.
subastador,-ra nm & nf auctioneer.
subastar vt to auction (off).
subatmico,-a adj subatomic.
subcampen,-ona nm & nf (en competi-
cin) runner-up; (en rnking) number
two.
subdesarrollo nm underdevelop-
ment.
subdirector,-ra nm & nf assistant di-
rector, assistant manager.
subordinar
sbdito,-a nm & nf 1 (de un rey) subject.
2 (ciudadano) citizen.
subida nf 1 (ascenso) ascent, climb. 2
(pendiente) slope, hill. 3 fig (aumento -
gen) increase; (- de temperatura) rise; (-
de precios, salario) rise, increase.
subndice nm subscript, subindex.
subir vi 1 (ir hacia arriba - gen) to go up,
come up; (- avin) to climb. 2 (en un
vehculo - coche) to get in; (autobs, avin,
barco, tren) to get on, get onto. 3 (mon-
tar - bicicleta) to get on; (- caballo) to get
on, mount. 4 (a un rbol) to climb up.
5 fig (elevarse, aumentar) to rise. 6 fig (ca-
tegora, puesto) to be promoted.
P vt 1 (escaleras, calle) to go up, climb;
(montaa) to climb. 2 (mover arriba) to
carry up, take up, bring up; (poner
arriba) to put upstairs. 3 (cabeza, etc) to
lift, raise. 4 (pared) to raise. 5 fig (pre-
cio, salario, etc) to raise, put up. 6 fig
(subir el volumen - voz) to raise; (- aparato)
to turn up. 8 fig (color) to strengthen.
P vpr subirse 1 (piso, escalera) to go up. 2
(rbol, muro, etc) to climb up (a, -). 3 (en
un vehculo - coche) to get in (a, -); (autobs)
to get on (a, -); (avin, barco, tren) to get
on (a, -), get onto (a,-): sbete, sbete al
coche! get in, get into the car! 4 (en anima-
les, bicicleta) to get on (a, -), mount. 5
(ropa, calcetines) to pull up; (cremallera) to
do up, zip up; (mangas) to roll up.
sbito,-a adj sudden.
subjetivo,-a adj subjective.
subjuntivo,-a adj subjunctive.
P nm subjuntivo subjunctive.
sublevacin nf uprising, revolt.
submarinismo nm skin diving.
submarinista nm o nf skin-diver. S
submarino,-a adj underwater.
P nm submarino submarine.
submltiplo,-a adj submultiple.
P nm submltiplo submultiple.
suboficial nm 1 mil noncommis-
sioned officer. 2 mar petty officer.
subordinacin nf subordination.
subordinado,-a adj subordinate.
P nm & nf subordinate.
subordinar vt to subordinate.
P vpr subordinarse to subordinate os.
subproducto 338
subproducto nm by-product.
subrayar vt 1 to underline. 2 fig to
emphasize, underline, stress.
subreino nm subkingdom.
subrepticio,-a adj surreptitious.
subrogar vt to subrogate, substitute.
subsanar vt 1 (remediar) to rectify, cor-
rect. 2 (dificultad, etc) to overcome.
subscribir vt-vpr suscribir.
subscriptor,-ra nm & nf subscriber.
subscrito,-a adj-nm & nf suscrito,-a.
subsecretara nf 1 (cargo) under-secre-
taryship. 2 (oficina) under-secretary's
office.
subsecretario,-a nm & nf under-sec-
retary.
subsidiario,-a adj subsidiary.
subsidio nm allowance, benefit.
subsistencia nf 1 (hecho) subsistence.
2 (lo necesario para vivir) sustenance.
P nf pl subsistencias (provisiones) food
sing, provisions, supplies.
subsistir vi 1 (conservarse) to subsist,
last. 2 (vivir) live on, survive.
substancia nf sustancia.
substancial adj sustancial.
substanciar vt to condense, abridge.
substancioso,-a adj sustancioso,-a.
substantivar vt to use as a noun.
substantivo,-a adj-nm sustantivo.
substitucin nf substitution.
substituible adj replaceable.
substituir vt sustituir.
substituto,-a nm & nf sustituto,-a.
substraccin nf sustraccin.
substraendo nm subtrahend.
substraer vt-vpr sustraer.
substrato nm substratum.
subsuelo nm subsoil.
subterfugio nm (escapatoria) subter-
fuge; (pretexto) pretext.
subterrneo,-a adj underground.
P nm subterrneo underground pas-
sage, tunnel, subway.
subttulo nm 1 subtitle. 2 lit sub-
head.
subtotal nm subtotal.
subtropical adj subtropical.
suburbano,-a adj suburban.
P nm suburbano suburban train.
suburbio nm (periferia) suburb.
subvencin nf subsidy, grant.
subvencionar vt to subsidize.
subversin nf subversion.
subversivo,-a adj subversive.
subyacente adj underlying.
subyacer vi to underlie (en, -).
subyugar vt 1 to subjugate. 2 fig to
captivate.
succionar vt to suck up.
suceder vi 1 [slo se usa en tercera perso-
na; no lleva sujeto] (acontecer) to happen,
occur: qu sucede? what's the matter? 2
(seguir) to follow (a, -), succeed (a, -).
3 (heredar) to succeed.
P vpr sucederse to follow one another.
sucesin nf 1 (herencia) succession, in-
heritance. 2 (descendencia) issue, heirs
pl. 3 (al trono) succession. 4 (serie) se-
ries, succession.
sucesivo,-a adj 1 (siguiente) following,
successive. 2 (consecutivo) consecu-
tive, running.
suceso nm 1 (hecho) event, happening,
occurrence. 2 (incidente) incident. 3
(delito) crime.
sucesor,-ra nm & nf successor.
suciedad nf 1 (inmundicia) dirt, filth. 2
(calidad) dirtiness, filthiness.
sucio,-a adj 1 (con manchas) dirty, filthy.
2 (que se ensucia fcilmente) which dirt-
ies easily. 3 fig (deshonesto) shady, un-
derhand. 4 dep fig foul, dirty, unfair.
5 fig (trabajo, lenguaje) dirty, filthy.
P adv sucio fig in an underhand way,
dirty. l o c en sucio in rough.
sucumbir vi 1 (rendirse) to succumb (a,
to), yield (a, to). 2 (morir) to perish. 3
fig (tentacin, etc) to give in ( a, to),
yield (a, to).
sucursal nf 1 (oficina) branch, branch
office. 2 (delegacin) subsidiary.
sudadera nf 1 (prenda) sweatshirt. 2
fam (accin) sweat.
Sudfrica nf South Africa.
sudafricano,-a adj South African.
Sudamrica nf South America.

sudamericano,-a adj South Ameri-
can.
Sudn nm Sudan.
sudans,-esa adj Sudanese.
P nm & nf Sudanese.
sudar vi (transpirar) to sweat, perspire.
sudario nm shroud.
sudeste adj 1 (del sudeste) southeast,
southeastern; (hacia el sudeste) south-
easterly. 2 (viento) southeast.
P nm 1 (punto cardinal) southeast. 2
(viento) southeast wind.
sudoeste adj 1 (del sudoeste) southwest,
southwestern; (hacia el sudoeste)
southwesterly. 2 (viento) southwest.
P nm 1 (punto cardinal) southwest. 2
(viento) southwest wind.
sudor nm 1 sweat. 2 fig effort.
sudorparo,-a adj sweat. c o m p glndu
las sudorparas sweat glands.
sudoroso,-a adj sweaty.
Suecia nf Sweden.
sueco,-a adj Swedish.
P nm & nf (persona) Swede.
P nm sueco (idioma) Swedish.
suegro,-a nm & nf (hombre) father-in-
law; (mujer) mother-in-law.
suela nf (del calzado) sole.
sueldo nm salary, pay, wages pl.
suelo nm 1 (superficie) ground; (de interior)
floor. 2 fig (tierra) soil, land; (mundo)
earth. 3 (territorio) soil, land. 4 (terreno)
land. 5 (pavimento) surface. 6 fig (de va-
sija, etc) bottom.
suelto,-a adj 1 (no sujeto) loose. 2 (des-
atado) undone, untied. 3 (no envasado o
empaquetado) loose. 4 (desaparejado)
odd. 5 (dinero) in change. 6 (en libertad)
free; (huido) at large. 7 (disgregado)
scattered. 8 (con diarrea) loose. 9 (pren-
da) loose, loose-fitting. 10 fig (ligero)
agile, nimble; (veloz) swift.
P nm suelto (cambio) change, small
change, loose change.
sueo nm 1 (acto) sleep. 2 (ganas de dor-
mir) sleepiness. 3 (lo soado) dream. 4
fig (ilusin) dream, illusion.
suero nm 1 med serum. 2 (de la leche)
whey.
339 sujetar
suerte nf 1 (fortuna) luck, fortune. 2
(azar) chance. 3 (destino) destiny, fate.
4 (estado, condicin) lot, situation. 5 fml
(tipo) sort, kind, type. l o c buena
suerte! good luck!
suter nm sweater.
suficiente adj 1 (bastante) sufficient,
enough. 2 (apto) suitable. 3 fig (engre-
do) smug, complacent.
sufijo,-a adj suffixal.
P nm sufijo suffix.
sufragar vt (costear - gastos) to defray,
pay; (- empresa) to finance.
sufragio nm 1 suffrage. 2 (voto) vote.
sufrido,-a adj 1 (persona) patient, long-
suffering. 2 (color) practical; (tejido)
hardwearing.
sufrimiento nm suffering.
sufrir vt 1 (padecer) to suffer. 2 (accidente,
ataque) to have; (operacin) to under-
go. 3 (dificultades, cambios) to experi-
ence; (derrota, consecuencias) to suffer. 4
(aguantar) to bear put up with.
P vi (padecer) to suffer.
sugerencia nf suggestion.
sugerente adj suggestive.
sugerir vt 1 to suggest. 2 (insinuar) to
hint. 3 (suscitar) to suggest.
sugestin nf suggestion.
sugestionar vt to influence.
sugestivo,-a adj (que atrae) fascinat-
ing, attractive.
suicidarse vpr to commit suicide.
suicidio nm suicide.
Suiza nf Switzerland.
S
suizo,-a adj Swiss.
P nm & nf Swiss.
sujecin nf (accin) subjection.
sujetador,-ra adj fastening.
P nm sujetador bra.
sujetar vt 1 (fijar) to fix, secure, hold.
2 (agarrar, sostener) hold on to. 3 (pape-
les) to fasten; (pelo) to hold in place. 4
fig (dominar, someter) to control.
P vpr sujetarse 1 (agarrarse) to hold on,
hold tight. 2 fig (someterse) to subject
os (a, to).
sujeto 340
sujeto,-a adj 1 (sometido) subject (a, to),
liable (a, to). 2 (agarrado, atado) fas-
tened, secure.
P nm sujeto 1 ling subject. 2 (individuo)
fellow, individual, character.
sulfato nm sulphate (us sulfate).
sulfhdrico,-a adj sulphuretted (us
sulfureted).
sulfito nm sulphite (us sulfite).
sulfurar vt 1 qum to sulphurate (us
sulfurate). 2 fam fig (irritar) to infuri-
ate.
P vpr sulfurarse fam fig to blow one's
top, lose one's rag.
sulfrico,-a adj sulphuric (us sulfu-
ric).
sulfuro nm sulphide (us sulfide).
sulfuroso,-a adj sulphurous (us sul-
furous).
sultn,-ana nm & nf (hombre) sultan;
(mujer) sultana.
suma nf 1 (cantidad) sum, amount. 2
mat sum, addition. 3 (resumen) sum-
mary.
sumando nm addend.
sumar vt 1 mat to add, add up. 2 (com-
poner una cantidad) to total, amount to,
come to. 3 (compendiar) to sum up.
P vpr sumarse (unirse) to join (a, in).
sumario,-a adj 1 summary, brief.
2 jur summary.
P nm sumario 1 (resumen) summary. 2
jur legal proceedings pl, indictment.
sumergible adj submersible.
P nm submarine.
sumergir vt 1 (meter bajo lquido) to sub-
merge, submerse, immerse. 2 fig
(hundir) to plunge, sink.
P vpr sumergirse 1 (meterse bajo lquido)
to submerge (en, in), go underwa-
ter. 2 fig to become immersed (en,
in).
sumidero nm drain, sewer.
suministrador,-ra nm & nf supplier.
suministrar vt to provide, supply.
suministro nm supply, supplying.
sumisin nf 1 (acto) submission. 2 (ca-
rcter) submissiveness.
sumiso,-a adj submissive, obedient.
sumo,-a adj 1 (supremo) supreme,
highest. 2 fig (muy grande) greatest.
suntuario,-a adj sumptuary.
suntuoso,-a adj sumptuous.
supeditar vt 1 (subordinar) to subordi-
nate (a, to). 2 (condicionar) to subject
(a, to).
P vpr supeditarse (someterse) to subject
os (a, to), bow (a, to).
sper nm fam (supermercado) supermar-
ket.
P nf fam (gasolina) four-star.
superable adj surmountable.
superabundante adj superabundant.
superar vt 1 (exceder) to surpass, ex-
ceed, excel. 2 (obstculo, etc) to over-
come, surmount.
P vpr superarse 1 (sobrepasarse) to excel os.
2 (mejorarse) to improve os, better os.
superconductividad nf supercon-
ductivity.
superconductor nm superconductor.
superdotado,-a nm & nf genius.
superestrato nm superstratum.
superestructura nf superstructure.
superficial adj superficial.
superficialidad nf superficiality.
superficie nf 1 (parte externa) surface. 2
(rea) area.
superfluo,-a adj superfluous.
superhombre nm superman.
superndice nm superscript.
superintendente nm o nf superinten-
dent.
superior adj 1 (encima de) upper, top:
labio superior upper lip. 2 (por encima de)
greater (a, than), higher (a, than),
above (a, -). 3 fig (persona - que supera)
superior; (- mejor) better. 4 fig (calidad,
etc) superior, high, excellent. 5 educ
higher.
P nm 1 (jefe) superior. 2 rel superior.
superioridad nf (persona) superiority.
superlativo,-a adj superlative.
P nm superlativo superlative.
supermercado nm supermarket.
supernova nf supernova.
superpoblacin nf overpopulation.
 341
superpoblado,-a adj overpopulated.
superponer vt 1 to superimpose, lay
on top. 2 fig to put before.
superposicin nf superimposition.
superpotencia nf superpower.
superpuesto,-a pp superponer.
supersnico,-a adj supersonic.
supersticin nf superstition.
supersticioso,-a adj superstitious.
supervisar vt to supervise.
supervisin nf supervision, control.
supervisor,-ra nm & nf supervisor.
supervivencia nf survival.
superviviente adj surviving.
P nm o nf survivor.
suplemento nm 1 (de revista, etc) sup-
plement. 2 (de dinero) extra charge. 3
(geometra) supplement.
suplencia nf substitution.
suplente nm o nf 1 (gen) substitute. 2
dep reserve player. 3 teat under-
study.
splica nf 1 request, entreaty, plea. 2
jur petition.
suplicar vt 1 to beseech, beg, im-
plore. 2 jur to appeal to.
suplicio nm (castigo) torture.
suplir vt 1 (reemplazar) to replace, sub-
stitute. 2 (compensar) to make up for.
suponer vt 1 (gen) to suppose, as-
sume. 2 (significar) to mean. 3 (conlle-
var) to mean, entail, require. 4 (adivi-
nar) to guess; (imaginar) to imagine,
think. 5 (creer) to think.
P nm fam supposition.
suposicin nf supposition, assump-
tion.
suprarrenal adj suprarenal.
supremo,-a adj 1 (gen) supreme. 2 (de-
cisivo) decisive. 3 (ltimo) last, final.
suprimir vt 1 (libertad, etc) to suppress;
(ley, impuestos) to abolish; (dificultades)
to eliminate, remove; (restricciones) to
lift. 2 (tabaco, alcohol) to cut out. 3 (pa-
labra) to delete, take out, leave out.
4 (omitir) to omit.
supuesto,-a adj 1 (que se supone) sup-
posed, assumed. 2 (pretendido) so-
called, self-styled.
suscriptor
P nm supuesto 1 (suposicin) supposi-
tion, assumption. 2 (hiptesis) hy-
pothesis.
supurar vi to suppurate.
sur nm 1 south. 2 (viento) south wind.
Suramrica nf South America.
suramericano,-a adj-nm & nf
sudamericano,-a.
surcar vt 1 agr to plough (us plow). 2
(agua) to cut through, cross; (aire) to
fly through.
surco nm 1 (en tierra) furrow. 2 (arruga)
wrinkle. 3 (de disco) groove.
surcoreano,-a adj South Korean.
P nm & nf South Korean.
sureste adj-nm sudeste.
surfista nm o nf surfer.
surgir vi 1 (agua) to spring forth, spurt
up. 2 fig (aparecer - gen) to appear,
emerge; (- dificultades) to crop up,
arise, come up. 3 mar to anchor.
Surinam nm Surinam.
suroeste adj-nm sudoeste.
surtido,-a adj 1 (variado) assorted. 2
(bien provisto) well stocked.
P nm surtido assortment, selection.
surtidor nm 1 (fuente) fountain. 2 (cho-
rro) jet, spout.
surtir vt (proveer) to supply (de, with),
provide (de, with).
P vi (brotar) to spout, spurt.
P vpr surtirse to supply os, provide os.
susceptibilidad nf 1 (gen) susceptibil-
ity. 2 (sensibilidad) sensitivity.
susceptible adj 1 (gen) susceptible. 2
(sensible) oversensitive.
suscitar vt 1 (gen) to cause, provoke. 2
S
(rebelin) to stir up, arouse; (discusin)
to start; (problemas) to cause, raise;
(inters) to arouse.
suscribir vt 1 fin to subscribe. 2 fig
(convenir con alguien) to subscribe to,
endorse. 3 (a una revista, etc) to take
out a subscription for. 4 fml (firmar)
to subscribe.
P vpr suscribirse (abonarse) to sub-
scribe.
suscripcin nf subscription.
suscriptor,-ra nm & nf subscriber.
suscrito
suscrito,-a adj 1 (abonado) subscribed.
2 (firmado) undersigned.
P nm & nf undersigned.
suspender vt 1 (levantar) to hang, hang
up, suspend. 2 (aplazar - gen) to post-
pone, put off, delay; (- reunin) to ad-
journ. 3 educ fig to fail. 4 fig (pagos) to
suspend; (servicio) to discontinue.
suspensin nf 1 (acto de levantar) hang-
ing, hanging up, suspension. 2 auto
suspension. 3 (aplazamiento - gen) de-
lay, postponement; (- de reunin) ad-
journment. 4 (supresin) suspension,
discontinuation.
suspenso,-a adj 1 (colgado) hanging,
suspended. 2 rel fig (alumno) failed. 3
fig (asombrado) bewildered, amazed.
P nm suspenso educ fail.
suspicacia nf (sospecha) suspicion.
suspicaz adj 1 (desconfiado) mistrustful,
distrustful. 2 (que sospecha) suspi-
cious.
suspirar vi to sigh.
suspiro nm sigh.
sustancia nf 1 (gen) substance. 2 (esen-
cia) substance, essence.
sustancial adj 1 (gen) substantial. 2
(fundamental) essential, fundamental.
3 (importante) important, substantial.
sustanciar vt to condense, abridge.
sustancioso,-a adj 1 (nutritivo) whole-
some. 2 fig (libro, etc) meaty.
sustantivar vt to use as a noun.
sustantivo,-a nm noun, substantive.
sustentable adj tenable.
sustentacin nf 1 (soporte) support. 2
(mantenimiento) sustenance, mainte-
nance.
sustentar vt 1 (familia, etc) to maintain,
support, sustain. 2 (sostener) to hold
up, support. 3 (teora, opinin) to sup-
port, defend.
sustento nm 1 (alimento) sustenance,
food. 2 (apoyo) support.
sustitucin nf substitution, replace-
ment.
342
sustituible adj replaceable, expenda-
ble.
sustituir vt (reemplazar) to substitute
(por, with), replace (por, with).
sustitutivo,-a adj substitutive.
P nm sustitutivo substitute.
sustituto,-a nm & nf substitute,
stand-in, replacement.
susto nm fright, scare, shock.
sustraccin nf 1 (robo) theft. 2 mat
subtraction.
sustraendo nm subtrahend.
sustraer vt 1 (robar) to steal. 2 mat to
subtract.
P vpr sustraerse (faltar al cumplimiento) to
evade (a, -), elude (a, -); (tentaciones) to
resist (a, -).
sustrato nm substratum.
susurrar vi to whisper.
susurro nm 1 whisper. 2 fig (agua)
murmur; (hojas) rustle.
sutil adj 1 (delgado) thin, fine. 2 (aroma)
delicate; (color) soft. 3 (brisa) gentle. 4
fig subtle.
suturar vt to stitch.
suyo,-a adj (de l) his, of his; (de ella)
her, of hers; (de animales, cosas) its; (de
usted, de ustedes) yours, of yours; (de
ellos, de ellas) theirs, of theirs: este libro
es suyo this book is hers; aquel amigo suyo
that friend of yours.
P pron (de l) his; (de ella) hers; (de usted,
de ustedes) yours; (de ellos, de ellas)
theirs: stos son los mos, los suyos estn
sobre la mesa there are mine, hers are on
the table.
P nf la suya (ocasin, oportunidad) one's
chance, one's opportunity.
P nm lo suyo 1 (lo que toca) what one
deserves. 2 (habilidad) forte, one's
thing: lo suyo es el tenis tennis is his
thing. 3 fam (mucho) a lot: comi lo suyo
he ate a lot.
P nm pl los suyos (familiares) his (her, your,
etc) family sing; (amigos) his (her, your, etc)
friends, his (her, your, etc) people.
Swazilandia nf Swaziland.

343
T, t nf (la letra) T, t.
tabaco nm 1 (gen) tobacco. 2 (cigarrillos)
cigarettes pl; (cigarro) cigar. 3 (enferme-
dad) black rot. c o m p tabaco rubio Vir-
ginia tobacco.
tbano nm horsefly.
taberna nf pub, bar.
tabique nm partition, partition wall.
tabla nf 1 (de madera) board, plank. 2
(de piedra) slab; (de metal) sheet. 3 (es-
tante) shelf. 4 arte panel. 5 cost pleat.
6 (ndice) index. 7 (lista) list; (catlogo)
catalogue (us catalog). 8 mat table.
c o m p tabla de multiplicar multiplica-
tion table.
P nf pl tablas 1 teat stage sing, boards.
2 (ajedrez) stalemate sing, draw sing.
tablado nm 1 (suelo) wooden floor. 2
(entarimado) wooden platform. 3 (del
escenario) stage.
tablero nm 1 (tabln) panel, board. 2
(en juegos) board. 3 (encerado) black-
board. 4 auto dashboard. 5 inform
display board. c o m p tablero de aje
drez chessboard.
tableta nf 1 (pastilla) tablet. 2 (de choco-
late) bar.
tabln nm 1 plank. 2 (en construccin)
board. c o m p tabln de anuncios no-
tice board, us bulletin board.
tabulacin nf tabulation.
tacao,-a adj mean, stingy.
tacha nf 1 (defecto) flaw, blemish, de-
fect. 2 (descrdito) blemish.
tachadura nf crossing out.
tachar vt 1 (borrar) to cross out. 2 (cul-
par) to accuse (de, of): lo tachan de fas
cista they accuse him of being a fascist.
tachuela nf tack, stud.
T
tacita nf little cup.
tcito,-a adj tacit.
taco nm 1 (tarugo) plug, stopper. 2 (para
pared) plug, Rawlplug. 3 (bloc de notas)
notepad, writing pad; (calendario)
tear-off calendar. 4 (de entradas) book;
(de billetes) wad. 5 (de billar) cue. 6 culin
(de queso, etc) cube, piece; (en Mjico)
taco, rolled-up tortilla. 7 fam (pala-
brota) swearword.
tacn nm heel.
tctica nf tactic, tactics pl, strategy.
tacto nm 1 (sentido) touch. 2 (accin)
touch, touching. 3 fig (delicadeza)
tact. l o c tener tacto to be tactful.
Tadjikistn nm Tadzhikistan.
tadjiko,-a adj Tadzhiki.
P nm o nf (persona) Tadzhik.
P nm tadjiko (idioma) Tadzhiki.
Tahit nm Tahiti.
tahitiano,-a adj Tahitian.
P nm & nf (persona) Tahitian.
P nm tahitiano (idioma) Tahitian.
tailands,-esa adj Thai.
P nm & nf (persona) Thai.
P nm tailands (idioma) Thai.
Tailandia nf Thailand.
Taiwan nm Taiwan.
taiwans,-esa adj Taiwanese.
P nm & nf Taiwanese. T
tajada nf 1 (rodaja) slice. 2 (corte) cut;
(cuchillada) stab.
tajo nm 1 (corte) cut, slash. 2 (filo) cut-
ting edge. 3 (escarpa) steep cliff.
tal adj 1 (semejante) such: en tales condicio
nes in such conditions. 2 (tan grande)
such, so: tal es su ignorancia que he is
so ignorant that 3 (cosa sin especificar)
such and such: tal da such and such a
 tala
day. 4 (persona sin especificar) someone
called, a certain: vino un tal Alberto
someone called Alberto came.
P pron (alguno - cosa) such a thing,
something; (- persona) someone,
somebody: yo no dije tal cosa I didn't
say such a thing.
P adv (as) in such a way, so: tal me con
test que no supe cmo reaccionar he an-
swered in such a way that I didn't know
how to react. l o c tal como 1 (ejemplos)
such as. 2 (de la misma manera) just as. y
tal cual just as it is.
tala nf tree felling.
taladrar vt 1 (gen) to drill; (pared) to
bore through. 2 fig (los odos) to pierce.
taladro nm 1 (herramienta) drill, bore. 2
(agujero) hole.
talar vt 1 (cortar) to fell, cut down.
2 (destruir) to devastate.
talento nm 1 (entendimiento) talent, in-
telligence. 2 (aptitud) gift, talent: tiene
talento para las matemticas she has a gift
for mathematics.
talla nf 1 (estatura) height. 2 fig (moral,
intelectual) stature. 3 (de prenda) size:
qu talla usa? what size is he? 4 (escultu-
ra) carving, sculpture. 5 (tallado - pie-
dras) cutting; (- metal) engraving.
tallar vt 1 (madera, piedra) to carve,
shape; (piedras preciosas) to cut; (meta-
les) to engrave. 2 (medir) to measure
the height of.
talle nm 1 (cintura) waist. 2 (figura - de
hombre) build, physique; (- de mujer)
figure, shape.
taller nm 1 (obrador) workshop. 2 (de ar-
tista) studio. 3 (en fbrica) shop, work-
shop. 4 auto garage, repair shop.
tallo nm bot stem, stalk; (renuevo)
sprout, shoot.
taln nm 1 (de pie, zapato, etc) heel. 2
(cheque) cheque (us check). c o m p taln
bancario counter cheque (us check).
y taln de Aquiles Achilles' heel.
talonario nm (de cheques) cheque book
(us check book); (de recibos) stub book.
tamao,-a adj (semejante) such a, so
big a: no pude aguantar tamaa imperti
344
nencia I couldn't tolerate such an imper-
tinent remark.
P nm tamao (medida) size: de qu ta
mao es? what size is it?
tamarindo nm tamarind.
tambalearse vpr 1 (persona) to stagger;
(mueble) to wobble. 2 fig to be shaky.
tambin adv 1 (igualmente) also, too, as
well, so: Pedro tambin estaba Pedro
was also there, Pedro was there too, Pe-
dro was there as well. 2 (adems) be-
sides, in addition.
tambor nm 1 (instrumento) drum. 2 (ma-
quinaria) drum. 3 (de arma) cylinder,
barrel. 4 (de lavadora) drum. 5 (de freno)
brake drum.
tamiz nm sieve.
tamizar vt 1 (harina, tierra) to sieve. 2 (luz)
to filter. 3 fig (seleccionar) to screen.
tampoco adv neither, nor, not ei-
ther: no quiere estudiar y tampoco quiere ir
al cine he doesn't want to study and he
doesn't want to go to the cinema either.
tan adv 1 (tanto) such, such a, so: no seas
tan cruel don't be so cruel. 2 (comparativo -
como) as as, so (that); (- que) so,
so (that): est tan gordo como t he's as
fat as you (are). l o c tan solo only, just:
tan solo quiero uno I only want one.
tanda nf 1 (conjunto) batch, lot; (serie)
series, course. 2 (turno) shift. 3 (en bi-
llar) game.
tangente adj tangent.
P nf tangent.
tanque nm 1 (depsito) tank, reservoir.
2 mil tank. 3 (vehculo cisterna) tanker.
tantear vt 1 (calcular) to estimate, guess.
2 (probar medidas) to size up. 3 fig (ensa-
yar) to try out, put to the test. 4 fig (per-
sona) to sound out. 5 (dibujo) to sketch.
P vi 1 dep to score, keep score. 2 (an-
dar a tientas) to feel one's way.
tanto,-a adj 1 (incontables) so much;
(contables) so many: no comas tantos ca
ramelos don't eat so many sweets. 2
(comparacin - incontable) as much; (- con-
tables) as many: tengo tantos libros como
t I've got as many books as you.
 345
P pron (incontable) so much; (contable) so
many: no haba tantos there weren't
so many.
P adv 1 (cantidad) so much: te quiero
tanto! I love you so much! 2 (tiempo) so
long: esperamos tanto we waited for
so long. 3 (frecuencia) so often: no los tele
fonees tanto don't phone them so often.
P nm tanto 1 (punto) point; (ftbol) goal. 2
(cantidad imprecisa) so much, a certain
amount: percibes un tanto al mes you get
so much a month. 3 (poco) bit: es un tanto
estrecho it's a bit narrow. l o c a las tantas
fam very late, at an unearthly hour. y
por lo tanto therefore.
Tanzania nf Tanzania.
tanzano,-a adj Tanzanian.
P nm & nf Tanzanian.
tapa nf 1 (cubierta) lid, top; (de botella)
cap, top, stopper. 2 (de libro) cover. 3
(de zapato) heel-plate. 4 culin (comida)
appetizer, savoury (us savory), tapa.
tapadera nf 1 cover, lid. 2 fig cover.
tapar vt 1 (cubrir) to cover; (con tapa) to
put the lid on. 2 (con ropas, etc) to wrap
up. 3 (obstruir) to obstruct; (tubera) to
block. 4 (ocultar) to hide; (a la vista)
to block. 5 fig (encubrir) to cover up.
P vpr taparse 1 (abrigarse) to wrap up.
2 (la nariz) to be blocked up.
tapia nf (cerca) garden wall; (de adobe)
mud wall, adobe wall.
tapiar vt 1 (rea) to wall in, wall off. 2 fig
(puerta, ventana) to wall up, close up.
tapicera nf 1 arte tapestry making. 2
(tapices) tapestries pl. 3 (de muebles, etc)
upholstery. 4 (tienda) upholsterer's,
upholsterer's workshop.
tapiz nm 1 (de pared) tapestry. 2 (alfom-
bra) rug, carpet.
tapn nm 1 stopper, plug; (de botella) cap.
2 (del odo) wax in the ear. 3 (baloncesto)
block. 4 (embotellamiento) traffic jam.
taponar vt 1 (orificio, etc) to plug, stop. 2
(atascar) to block. 3 (poner el tapn) to put
the plug in. 4 med to tampon, plug.
taquilla nf 1 (de tren, etc) ticket office;
(de cine, teatro) box office. 2 (recaudacin)
takings pl, returns pl. 3 (casillero) pi-
geonholes pl. 4 (armario) locker.
taxi
tara nf 1 (peso) tare. 2 (defecto) defect,
blemish, fault.
tardar vt (emplear tiempo) to take: tard
cuatro horas it took me four hours.
P vi (demorar) to take a long time: se
tarda ms a pie it takes longer on foot.
tarde nf 1 (hasta las cinco aprox.) afternoon.
2 (despus de las cinco aprox.) evening.
P adv 1 (hora avanzada) late: se est ha
ciendo tarde it's getting late. 2 (demasiado
tarde) too late: es tarde para salir it's too
late to go out.
tarea nf task, job.
tarifa nf 1 (precio) tariff, rate; (de trans-
porte) fare. 2 (lista de precios) price list.
tarima nf platform, dais.
tarjeta nf card. c o m p tarjeta de crdito
credit card. y tarjeta de memoria
memory card, chip card. y tarjeta
postal postcard.
tarro nm 1 (vasija) jar, pot, tub. 2 fam
(cabeza) bonce.
tarta nf flan, tart, pie: tarta de manzana
apple pie.
tartamudear vi to stammer, stutter.
tartamudez nf stammering.
tartamudo,-a nm & nf stutterer.
tasa nf 1 (valoracin) valuation. 2 (precio)
fee, charge. 3 (impuesto) tax, levy. 4 (lmi-
te) limit; (medida) measure. 5 (ndice)
rate. c o m p tasa de natalidad birth rate.
tasar vt 1 (valorar) to value. 2 (poner precio)
to set the price of, fix the price of.
Tasmania nf Tasmania.
tasmano,-a adj Tasmanian.
P nm & nf Tasmanian.
tata nf fam nanny.
tatarabuelo,-a nm & nf (hombre) great-
great-grandfather; (mujer) great-
great-grandmother. T
tataranieto,-a nm & nf (hombre) great-
great-grandson; (mujer) great-great-
granddaughter.
tatuaje nm 1 (dibujo) tattoo. 2 (tcnica)
tattooing.
tatuar vt to tattoo.
tauromaquia nf bullfighting, art of
bullfighting, tauromachy.
taxi nm taxi, cab.
 taxista
taxista nm o nf taxi driver.
taza nf 1 (recipiente) cup. 2 (contenido)
cupful. 3 (de retrete) bowl.
te 1 nf 1 name of the letter t . 2 (regla)
T-square.
te2 pron 1 you, to you, for you: te man
dar una carta I'll send you a letter. 2 (uso
reflexivo) yourself: ponte el abrigo put
your coat on. 3 (uso pronominal) no se
traduce: vete a casa go home.
t nm tea. c o m p la hora del t teatime.
teatral adj 1 (del teatro) theatrical, dra-
matic. 2 fig (exagerado) stagy, stagey,
theatrical.
teatro nm 1 theatre (us theater). 2 arte
theatre (us theater), acting, stage. 3
fig (exageracin) show, play-acting.
tebeo nm children's comic.
teca nf (rbol, madera) teak.
techo nm 1 (interior) ceiling; (de coche, te-
jado) roof. 2 fig (lmite superior) ceiling.
tecla nf key.
teclado nm keyboard.
teclear vi (piano) to press the keys;
(mquina de escribir, ordenador) to type,
tap the keys.
tcnica nf 1 (tecnologa) technique,
technology. 2 (habilidad) technique,
method. 3 (ingeniera) engineering.
tcnico,-a adj technical.
P nm & nf technician, technical expert.
tecnologa nf technology.
tectnica nf tectonics.
tedio nm tedium, boredom.
teja nf (de barro) tile.
tejado nm roof.
tejano,-a adj Texan.
P nm & nf Texan.
P nm pl tejanos (pantaln) jeans.
tejar vt to tile.
tejer vt 1 (en telar) to weave. 2 (hacer
punto) to knit. 3 (araa) to spin. 4 fig
(plan) to weave, plot, scheme.
tejido nm 1 (tela) textile. 2 anat tissue.
tejo nm (rbol) yew tree.
tejn nm badger.
tela nf 1 (textil) material, fabric, cloth. 2
(de araa) cobweb. 3 arte (lienzo) can-
346
vas; (cuadro) painting. 4 fam (dinero)
dough. 5 fam (asunto, tema) subject,
matter. c o m p tela metlica wire gauze.
telar nm 1 (para tejer) loom. 2 (para en-
cuadernar) sewing press.
telaraa nf cobweb, spider's web.
tele nf fam telly, TV.
telecomunicacin nf telecommuni-
cation.
telediario nm television news bulle-
tin, TV news.
telefrico nm cable car.
telefilm nm TV film.
telefonear vi to phone.
telfono nm telephone, phone. c o m p
telfono mvil mobile phone.
telegrafiar vt to telegraph, wire.
telgrafo nm telegraph.
telegrama nm telegram, cable.
telemando nm remote control.
telenovela nf soap opera.
teleobjetivo nm telephoto lens.
telepata nf telepathy.
telescopio nm telescope.
telesilla nm chair lift.
telespectador,-ra nm & nf TV viewer.
telesqu nm ski lift, drag lift.
teletexto nm teletext.
televisar vt to televise.
televisin nf 1 (sistema) television. 2
fam (aparato) television set.
televisor nm television set.
tlex nm telex.
teln nm curtain. c o m p teln de acero
pol iron curtain. y teln de fondo teat
backdrop.
tema nm 1 (de discurso, escrito, etc) topic,
subject, theme. 2 ms theme.
temario nm (de examen) programme
(us program); (de conferencia) agenda.
temtica nf subject matter.
temtico,-a adj 1 thematic. 2 ling stem.
temblar vi 1 (de fro) to shiver ( de,
with); (de miedo) to tremble ( de ,
with). 2 (voz) to quiver.
temblor nm 1 (gen) tremor; (de fro)
shivering, shivers pl. 2 fig shiver.
 347
temer vt 1 (tener miedo) to fear, be afraid
of. 2 (sospechar) to fear, be afraid.
P vi 1 (tener miedo) to be afraid. 2
(preocuparse) to worry.
P vpr temerse to be afraid: me temo
que s I'm afraid so.
temerario,-a adj reckless, rash.
temible adj dreadful, fearful.
temor nm fear.
temperamento nm temperament.
temperatura nf temperature.
tempestad nf 1 storm. 2 fig turmoil.
templado,-a adj 1 (agua) warm, luke-
warm; (clima, temperatura) mild, temper-
ate. 2 (moderado) moderate; (sereno)
composed, unruffled. 3 (valiente)
brave. 4 ms tuned. 5 (metal) tempered.
templar vt 1 (moderar) to moderate,
temper. 2 (algo fro) to warm up; (algo
caliente) to cool down. 3 fig (clera) to
appease; (apaciguar) to calm down. 4
(cuerda, tornillo) to tighten (up). 5 ms to
tune. 6 tc to temper. 7 (colores) to
match.
P vpr templarse (contenerse) to control os.
templo nm temple.
temporada nf 1 (en artes, deportes, moda)
season. 2 (perodo) period, time. c o m p
temporada alta high season. y tempo
rada baja low season.
temporal1 adj 1 (transitorio) temporary.
P nm meteor storm.
temporal2 adj anat temporal.
P nm anat temporal bone.
temprano,-a adj early.
P adv early: nunca se levanta temprano he
never gets up early.
tenaza nf [tambin se usa en plural con el
mismo sigificado] (herramienta) pliers pl,
pincers pl; (para el fuego) tongs pl.
tendedero nm (cuerda) clothesline; (lu-
gar) drying place.
tendencia nf (inclinacin) tendency, in-
clination, leaning; (movimiento) trend.
tender vt 1 (extender - mantel, etc) to spread;
(- red) to cast. 2 (puente) to throw; (va,
cable) to lay; (cuerda) to stretch. 3 (ropa,
colada) to hang out. 4 (mano) to stretch
out. 5 (emboscada, trampa) to lay, set.
tentador
P vi (tener tendencia) to tend ( a , to),
have a tendency (a, to): tiende al abu
rrimiento it tends to be boring.
P vpr tenderse (tumbarse) to lie down.
tendero,-a nm & nf shopkeeper.
tendn nm tendon, sinew.
tenedor,-ra nm (utensilio) fork.
tener vt 1 (gen) to have, have got: tuvimos
un da estupendo we had a wonderful day. 2
(poseer) to own. 3 (sostener) to hold: qu
tienes en la mano? what are you holding? 4
(coger) to take: ten tu copa take your glass. 5
(sensacin, sentimiento) to be, feel: tengo
hambre I'm hungry. 6 (mantener) to keep: la
lluvia me ha tenido despierta toda la noche the
rain has kept me up all night. 7 (medir) to
measure. 8 (contener) to hold, contain. 9
(edad) to be. 10 (un hijo) to have. 11 (cele-
brar) to hold: tener una reunin to hold a
meeting. 12 (considerar) to consider,
think: lo tienen por muy listo they think he's
very smart. l o c ah tienes! so, there you
are! y tener cario a to be fond of. y tener
compasin to take pity (de, on). y tener
ilusin to be enthusiastic.
P aux tener que (obligacin) to have to,
have got to, must: tengo que quedarme
I must stay.
P vpr tenerse (sostenerse) to stand up.
l o c tenerse por to consider os: se tiene
por guapo he thinks he's handsome.
tenia nf tapeworm.
teniente nm lieutenant.
tenis nm (deporte) tenis. c o m p tennis de
mesa table tennis, ping-pong.
tenista nm o nf tennis player.
tensar vt 1 (cable, cuerda) to tauten. 2
(arco) to draw.
tensin nf 1 elec tension, voltage.
2 (de materiales) stress; (de gases) pres-
sure. 3 med pressure. 4 fig (de una si- T
tuacin) tension; (de una persona) stress,
strain. c o m p alta tensin elec high
tension. y tensin arterial blood pres-
sure.
tenso,-a adj 1 (cuerda) tense. 2 fig (rela-
ciones) strained. 3 fig (persona) tense.
tentacin nf temptation.
tentculo nm tentacle.
tentador,-ra adj tempting, enticing.
 tentar
tentar vt 1 (palpar) to feel, touch. 2 (in-
citar) to tempt, entice.
tentempi nm fam (refrigerio) snack.
teir vt 1 (dar un color) to dye. 2 (rebajar
un color) to tone down.
P vpr teirse (el pelo) to dye one's hair.
teora nf theory. l o c en teora theo-
retically.
terica nf theory, theoretics.
terico,-a adj theoretic, theoretical.
P nm & nf theoretician, theorist.
terapeuta nm o nf therapist.
terapia nf therapy.
tercer adj [se usa ante nombres en mascu-
lino singular] third: el tercer mundo the
third world.
. Consulta tambin tercero,-a.
tercera nf 1 (clase) third class. 2 (marcha
de auto) third gear, third. 3 ms third.
tercermundista adj third-world.
tercero,-a adj (ordinal) third.
P nm & nf (parte) third.
P nm tercero 1 (mediador) mediator. 2
(persona ajena) outsider.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
tercio,-a adj third.
P nm tercio 1 (parte) third. 2 (en tauroma-
quia) stage, part.
terciopelo nm velvet.
terco,-a adj obstinate, stubborn.
termal adj thermal.
termas nf pl (baos) spa sing, hot baths.
trmico,-a adj thermal.
terminacin nf 1 (accin) ending, ter-
mination. 2 (conclusin) completion. 3
(parte final) end. 4 gram ending.
terminal adj (ltimo) final, terminal.
P nf 1 (estacin) terminus. 2 (en aeropuer-
to) terminal.
P nm (de ordenador) terminal.
terminar vt 1 (acabar) to finish, com-
plete. 2 (dar fin) to end.
P vi 1 (acabar) to finish, end: termin a las
cuatro it finished at four. 2 (acabar de) to
have just (de, -): termina de marchar he
has just left. 3 (final de una accin, de un esta-
do) to end up: termin por marcharse he
ended up leaving. 4 (eliminar) to put an
348
end (con, to). 5 (estropear) to damage
(con, -), ruin (con, -): la lluvia termin con
la cosecha the rain damaged the crops. 6
(reir) to break up (con, with). 7 (enfer-
medad) to come to the final stage.
P vpr terminarse 1 (acabarse) to finish.
2 (agotarse) to run out: se ha terminado el
azcar the sugar has run out.
trmino nm 1 (fin) end, finish. 2 (esta-
cin) terminus, terminal. 3 (lmite)
limit, boundary; (hito) boundary
marker. 4 (plazo) term, time, period.
5 (palabra) term, word: trmino tcnico
technical term. 6 (estado) condition,
state. 7 (lugar, posicin) place. 8 (en ma-
temticas, gramtica) term. l o c dar tr
mino a algo to conclude sth.
P nm pl trminos (condiciones) condi-
tions, terms.
terminologa nf terminology.
termita nf termite.
termitero nm termite's nest.
termo nm (recipiente) flask, thermos
flask.
termmetro nm thermometer.
termostato nm thermostat.
ternera nf culin veal, beef.
ternero,-a nm & nf (animal) calf.
ternura nf tenderness, gentleness.
terrapln nm embankment.
terrqueo,-a adj earth.
terrateniente nm o nf landowner.
terraza nf 1 (balcn) terrace. 2 (azotea)
roof terrace. 3 (de un caf) terrace.
terremoto nm earthquake.
terrenal adj earthly, worldly.
terreno,-a adj worldly, earthly.
P nm terreno 1 (tierra) land, piece of
land, ground; (solar) plot, site. 2 geog
terrain. 3 agr (de cultivo) soil; (campo)
field. 4 dep field, ground.
terrestre adj 1 (de la tierra) terrestrial,
earthly. 2 (por tierra) by land.
terrible adj terrible, awful.
terrcola nm o nf (habitante) earth dwell-
er; (en ciencia ficcin) earthling.
territorial adj territorial.
territorio nm territory.
 349
terrn nm 1 (de tierra) clod. 2 (de azcar,
etc) lump.
terror nm 1 (gen) terror. 2 cine horror.
terrorismo nm terrorism.
terrorista adj terrorist.
P nm o nf terrorist.
tesoro nm 1 (gen) treasure. 2 fig treasure.
testamento nm 1 jur will, testament. 2
rel Testament. l o c hacer testamento
to make one's will.
testarudo,-a adj obstinate, stubborn.
testigo nm o nf witness.
P nm 1 (prueba) proof. 2 dep baton.
testimonio nm 1 jur testimony, evi-
dence. 2 (prueba) evidence, proof.
ttanos nm inv tetanus.
tetera nf teapot.
tetraedro nm tetrahedron.
textil adj textile.
P nm textile.
texto nm text.
textura nf 1 (textil) texture. 2 (minerales)
structure.
tez nf complexion.
ti pron [se usa slo despus de una preposi-
cion] you: te lo doy a ti I'll give it to you.
ta nf (pariente) aunt.
tibio,-a adj 1 tepid. 2 fig cool.
tiburn nm shark.
tic nm 1 tic, twitch. 2 fig (mana) habit.
ticket nm tique.
tiempo nm 1 (gen) time. 2 (poca) time,
period, age, days pl: en tiempo de los ro
manos in Roman times. 3 meteor weath-
er: qu tiempo hace? what's the weather
like? 4 (edad) age: qu tiempo tiene el nio?
how old is your baby? 5 (temporada) sea-
son: fruta del tiempo fruit in season. 6 (mo-
mento) moment, time: no es tiempo de pre
guntarle eso it's not the time to ask him
that. 7 ms tempo, movement. 8 dep
(parte) half. 9 gram tense. 10 tc stroke.
l o c hacer buen tiempo the weather is
good. c o m p tiempo libre free time.
tienda nf 1 (establecimiento) shop, us
store. 2 (de campaa) tent. 3 (de carro)
cover. l o c ir de tiendas to go shop-
ping. c o m p tienda de campaa tent.
tintorera
tierno,-a adj 1 (blando) tender, soft. 2
fig (reciente) fresh: pan tierno fresh bread.
3 fig (carioso) affectionate.
tierra nf 1 (planeta) earth. 2 (superficie s-
lida) land. 3 (terreno cultivado) soil, land.
4 (pas) country, land. 5 (suelo)
ground. 6 elec earth, us ground.
P nf pl tierras land sing. l o c tierra adentro
inland. c o m p tierra de nadie no-man's-
land. y tierra firme terra firma.
tieso,-a adj 1 (rgido) stiff, rigid. 2 (ergui-
do) upright, erect. 3 (tenso) taut, tight.
tiesto nm flowerpot.
tifn nm typhoon.
tigre nm tiger.
tijera nf [se suele usar en plural] (instru-
mento) scissors pl, pair of scissors.
tila nf 1 (tilo) lime. 2 (flor) lime blos-
som. 3 (infusin) lime-blossom tea.
tilde nf 1 (gen) written accent; (de la )
tilde. 2 fig (tacha) fault, flaw.
tilo nm lime tree.
timar vt to swindle, cheat, trick.
timbre nm 1 (de la puerta) bell. 2 (sello)
stamp, seal. 3 ms timbre.
timidez nf shyness, timidity.
tmido,-a adj shy, timid.
timo1 nm (estafa) swindle.
timo2 nm (glndula) thymus.
timn nm 1 (barco, avin) rudder. 2 (del
arado) beam. 3 fig (negocio, etc) helm.
Timor Oriental nm East Timor.
tmpano nm (del odo) eardrum.
tiniebla nf [tambin se usa en plural con el
mismo signficado] (oscuridad) darkness.
P nf pl tinieblas fig (ignorancia) igno-
rance sing, confusion sing.
tinta nf 1 (gen) ink. 2 (tinte) dyeing.
P nf pl tintas colours (us colors). c o m p
tinta china Indian ink.
T
tinte nm 1 (colorante) dye. 2 (proceso)
dyeing. 3 (tintorera) dry-cleaner's. 4
fig (aspecto) shade.
tintero nm inkwell.
tintinear vi tintinar.
tinto,-a adj 1 (teido) dyed. 2 (vino) red.
P nm tinto (vino) red wine.
tintorera nf dry-cleaner's.
 to 350
to nm 1 (pariente) uncle. 2 fam (hombre)
guy.
P nm pl tos aunt and uncle.
tiovivo nm merry-go-round.
tpico,-a adj 1 (caracterstico) typical,
characteristic. 2 (pintoresco) pictur-
esque; (tradicional) traditional: un plato
tpico a traditional dish, a local dish.
tipo nm 1 (clase) type, kind. 2 fin rate. 3
anat (de hombre) build, physique; (de
mujer) figure. 4 fam (persona) guy, fel-
low, bloke. 5 (en impresin) type. c o m p
tipo de inters fin rate of interest.
tquet nm tique.
tira nf 1 (cinta, banda) strip. 2 (de dibujos)
comic strip. l o c la tira (cantidad) a lot,
loads; (mucho tiempo) for yonks, for
ages: comimos la tira we ate loads.
tirada nf 1 (accin) throw: en la segunda ti
rada le salieron dos seises he got two sixes
on the second throw. 2 (impresin) print
run: una tirada de cinco mil ejemplares a
print run of five thousand. 3 (distancia)
stretch: hay una buena tirada hasta all it's a
good few miles away. 4 (serie) series.
tirado,-a adj 1 fam (precio) dirt cheap. 2
fam (problema, asunto) dead easy. 3 fam
(abandonado) let down.
tirador,-ra nm & nf (persona) shooter.
P nm (de puerta, cajn) knob, handle.
tirano,-a nm & nf tyrant.
tirante adj 1 taut. 2 fig (situacin) tense.
P nm 1 (de ropa en general) strap. 2 tc
brace, stay. 3 arquit beam.
P nm pl tirantes (de pantaln) braces, us
suspenders.
tirar vt 1 (echar) to throw, fling. 2 (dejar
caer) to drop. 3 (desechar) to throw
away. 4 (derribar) to knock down; (ca-
sa, rbol) to pull down. 5 (derramar) to
spill. 6 (vaso, botella) to knock over. 7
(estirar) to pull. 8 (imprimir) to print. 9
(un tiro) to fire; (una bomba) to drop; (co-
hete) to launch. 10 dep to take. 11 fig
(malgastar) to waste, squander.
P vi 1 (cuerda, puerta) to pull (de, -). 2 (es-
tufa, chimenea) to draw. 3 (en juegos) to
be a player's move, be a player's
turn: tira l it's his turn. 4 fam (funcionar)
to work, run: esto ya no tira this doesn't
work any more. 5 fam (durar) to last: con
esta reparacin tirar un par de meses after
these repairs it'll last for a couple of
months. 6 fam fig (atraer) to attract, ap-
peal: no le tira la mecnica mechanics
doesn't appeal to him. 7 fig (inclinarse) to
be attracted (a/hacia, to), be drawn
(a/hacia, to): esta chica tira hacia las artes
this girl is drawn to the arts. 8 fig (parecer-
se) to take after (a, -): tira a su padre she
takes after her father. 9 fig (mantenerse)
to get by, get along: ella tira con poco di
nero she gets by with little money. 10
(disparar) to shoot, fire. 11 dep (ftbol) to
shoot; (ciclismo) to set the pace.
P vpr tirarse 1 (lanzarse) to throw os. 2
(abalanzarse) to rush (sobre, at), jump
(sobre, on). 3 (tumbarse) to lie down. 4
fam (tiempo) to spend: se tir una hora en
la ducha he spent an hour in the shower.
tirita nf sticking plaster, plaster.
tiritar vi (gen) to shiver, shake.
tiro nm 1 (lanzamiento) throw. 2 (disparo,
ruido) shot. 3 (galera de tiro) shooting
gallery. 4 dep shooting. 5 (caballeras)
team. 6 cost (de pantaln) distance be-
tween waist and crotch. 7 (de chime-
nea) draught (us draft). 8 (ftbol, etc)
shot. c o m p tiro al blanco target shoot-
ing.
tirn nm pull, tug. l o c de un tirn fam
in one go.
tiroteo nm shooting.
ttere nm 1 (marioneta) puppet, mario-
nette. 2 fig (persona) puppet, dupe.
P nm pl tteres puppet show sing. l o c
no dejar ttere con cabeza 1 fam (des-
truir) to break everything in sight. 2
(criticar) to spare nobody.
titulado,-a adj 1 (llamado) called. 2
educ (diplomado) qualified.
titular vt to entitle, title, call.
P adj regular.
P nm o nf 1 (poseedor) holder. 2 (de un
puesto) office holder.
P nm (prensa) headline.
P vpr titularse 1 (llamarse) to be called,
be titled. 2 educ to graduate (en, in).
ttulo nm 1 (de obra) title. 2 (de texto legal)
heading. 3 (dignidad) title. 4 (persona no-

ble) noble (person). 5 educ (licenciatura)
degree; (diploma) certificate. 6 (documen-
to) title. 7 (titular de prensa) headline.
P nm pl ttulos (titulacin) qualifica-
tions; (mritos) qualities. c o m p ttulo de
propiedad deeds pl.
tiza nf chalk.
toalla nf towel. c o m p toalla de bao
bath towel.
toallero nm towel rail, towel rack.
tobillera nf ankle sock.
tobillo nm ankle.
tobogn nm 1 (rampa) slide, chute. 2
(trineo) toboggan, sledge.
tocadiscos nm inv record player.
tocado nm 1 (peinado) coiffure, hairdo.
2 (prenda) headdress, hat.
tocado,-a adj 1 (fruta) bad, rotten. 2
fam (perturbado) crazy, touched.
tocador nm 1 (mueble) dressing-table.
2 (habitacin) dressing-room, boudoir.
tocar vt 1 (gen) to touch: no tocar la mer
canca do not handle the goods. 2 (sentir
por el tacto) to feel: tcalo, est fro feel it,
it's cold. 3 (revolver) to rummage
amongst, root around: no toques mis pa
peles leave my papers alone. 4 (hacer sonar
- instrumento, cancin) to play; (timbre) to
ring; (bocina) to blow, honk; (campanas)
to strike. 5 (la hora) to strike. 6 dep (dia-
na) to hit; (esgrima) to touch. 7 fig (men-
cionar) to touch on. 8 fig (impresionar) to
touch, reach: me toc el corazn he
touched my heart.
P vi 1 (ser el turno) to be one's turn: le toca
a l it's his turn. 2 (corresponder) to be up
to: le toca a l explicarse it's up to him to
explain himself. 3 (ganar) to win. 4 (en un
reparto, etc) to fall. 5 (un destino) to be
posted: le toc en Cartagena he was post-
ed to Cartagena. 6 (tener que) to have to:
nos toc llevarla we had to take her. 7 (afec-
tar) to concern, affect: le toca directamen
te it directly concerns you. 8 (entrar en con-
tacto) to touch.
P vpr tocarse (uso reflexivo) to touch os;
(uso recproco) to touch each other.
tocino nm 1 (carne) bacon. 2 (grasa) fat.
todava adv 1 (a pesar de ello) still. 2
(tiempo) still, yet: todava estn all
351 tmbola
they're still there. 3 (para reforzar) even:
esto todava est mejor this is even better.
todo,-a adj 1 (sin excluir nada) all: todos
los vecinos lo vieron all the neighbours
saw it. 2 (verdadero) real: era todo un reto
it was a real challenge. 3 (cada) every:
todos los das every day.
P pron 1 (sin excluir nada) all, every-
thing: llamaron todos they all phoned. 2
(cualquiera) anybody: todo el que yo diga
anybody I say.
P nm todo (totalidad) whole.
P adv completely, totally, all: est todo
mojado it's all wet.
todoterreno adj four-wheel-drive.
P nm four-wheel-drive vehicle.
Togo nm Togo.
togols,-esa adj Togolese.
P nm & nf Togolese.
toldo nm 1 (cubierta) awning. 2 (de pla-
ya) sunshade.
tolerancia nf tolerance.
tolerante adj tolerant, lenient.
tolerar vt 1 (permitir, soportar) to toler-
ate, put up with: no te tolerar esa acti
tud I won't put up with that attitude. 2
(inconvenientes) to stand.
toma nf 1 (accin) taking. 2 med dose. 3
mil capture. 4 (de aire) intake, inlet;
(de agua) outlet, tap; (de electricidad)
plug, socket. 5 (grabacin) recording.
6 cine take, shot. c o m p toma de pose
sin takeover.
tomar vt 1 (gen) to take: lo tom en broma
she took it as a joke. 2 (bao, ducha) to
have, take; (foto) to take. 3 (comer, beber)
to have; (beber) to drink; (comer) to eat:
tmate la leche drink your milk. 4 (el auto-
bs, el tren) to catch. 5 (aceptar) to accept,
take. 6 (comprar) to buy, get, have: toma
r manzanas I'll get some apples. 7 (adquirir) T
to acquire, get into: tomar una costumbre
to acquire a habit. 8 mil to capture, take.
P vi (encaminarse) to go, turn.
P vpr tomarse 1 (gen) to take: me tom
una aspirina I took an aspirin. 2 (beber) to
drink; (comer) to eat. l o c tomarse las
cosas con calma to take it easy.
tomate nm (fruto) tomato.
tmbola nf tombola.
 tomillo
tomillo nm thyme.
tomo nm (volumen) volume.
tonel nm barrel, cask.
tonelada nf ton. c o m p tonelada mtri
ca metric ton, tonne.
Tonga nf Tonga.
tongano,-a adj Tongan.
P nm & nf (persona) Tongan.
P nm tongano (idioma) Tongan.
tnica nf 1 (tendencia) tendency, trend.
2 (bebida) tonic, tonic water.
tnico,-a adj 1 (slaba) tonic, stressed.
2 (nota musical) tonic.
P nm tnico med tonic.
tono nm 1 (gen) tone: el tono de su discur
so the tone of her speech. 2 (energa) en-
ergy. l o c fuera de tono fig inappro-
priate, out of place.
tontear vi (decir tonteras) to act the
clown, fool about.
tontera nf 1 (calidad de tonto) stupidity,
silliness. 2 (dicho, hecho) silly thing,
stupid thing. 3 (insignificancia) trifle.
l o c hacer tonteras to mess about,
fool around.
tonto,-a adj silly, stupid, us dumb:
qu idea ms tonta! what a stupid idea!
P nm & nf fool, idiot. l o c hacerse el
tonto to play dumb.
topacio nm topaz.
topar vi 1 (chocar) to bump into: el coche
top contra un poste the car bumped into
a pole. 2 (encontrar - algo) to come
across, find; (- alguien) to bump into,
run into. 3 fig (dificultades, etc) to come
up against, run into.
tope nm 1 (lmite) limit, end. 2 tc stop,
check. 3 (de ferrocarril) buffer, bump-
ing post, bumper. 4 mar masthead.
P adj fig top, maximum.
P adv argot really, absolutely: la fiesta fue
tope divertida the party was absolutely bril-
liant. l o c a tope 1 argot (al lmite) flat out.
2 (lleno) jam-packed, chock-a-block.
tpico,-a adj med external: uso tpico
external use.
P nm tpico commonplace, clich.
topo nm mole.
352
toque nm 1 (acto) touch. 2 (de campana)
ringing, peal, pealing; (de trompeta)
blare, sounding; (de claxon) honk; (de
sirena) hoot; (de tambor) beat, beating.
3 (pincelada) touch. 4 fig (advertencia)
warning. l o c dar un toque a algn 1
(llamar) to take sb to task. 2 (llamar la
atencin) to call sb's attention.
trax nm inv thorax.
torcer vt 1 (gen) to twist. 2 (doblar) to
bend; (madera) to warp.
P vi (girar) to turn: torci a la derecha he
turned right.
P vpr torcerse 1 (gen) to twist. 2 (doblar-
se) to bend; (madera) to warp. 3 (la-
dearse) to become slanted. 4 med to
sprain, twist. 5 fig (plan) to fall
through.
torcido,-a adj 1 (que no es recto) twisted. 2
(madera) warped; (metal) bent. 3 (ladeado)
slanted, crooked, lopsided: el cuadro
est torcido the painting is crooked.
torear vt 1 (lidiar) to fight. 2 fig (entrete-
ner) to put off. 3 fig (burlar) to tease,
confuse. 4 fig (asunto, etc) to tackle
skilfully. 5 fig (evitar) to avoid.
P vi (lidiar) to fight.
torero,-a nm & nf bullfighter.
tormenta nf storm.
tornado nm tornado.
torneo nm 1 (justa) tourney, joust. 2
dep tournament, competition.
tornillo nm screw, bolt.
toro nm (animal) bull.
P nm pl los toros (corrida) bullfight sing;
(arte) bullfighting sing.
torpe adj 1 (poco hbil) clumsy. 2 (de mo-
vimiento) slow, awkward. 3 (poco inteli-
gente) dim, thick.
torpedo nm mil torpedo.
torpeza nf 1 (falta de habilidad) clumsi-
ness, awkwardness. 2 (mental) dim-
ness, stupidity. 3 (de movimiento) slow-
ness, heaviness. 4 (error) blunder.
torre nf 1 (gen) tower. 2 (campanario)
bell tower. 3 (chal) country house,
house, villa. 4 (ajedrez) rook, castle.
torrencial adj torrential.
 353
torrente nm 1 (de agua) mountain
stream. 2 fig (abundancia) flood, stream.
torta nf 1 culin cake. 2 fam (golpe)
blow, crack; (bofetada) slap, wallop.
l o c ni torta fam not a thing: no ve ni
torta he can't see a thing.
tortazo nm 1 fam (golpe) whack,
thump. 2 fam (bofetada) slap, punch.
tortcolis nf inv stiff neck.
tortilla nf 1 omelette (us omelet). 2
am tortilla, pancake. c o m p tortilla de
patatas potato omelette.
trtola nf trtolo,-a.
tortuga nf 1 (de tierra) tortoise. 2 (mari-
na) turtle.
torturar vt to torture.
tos nf cough, coughing. loc tener tos
to have a cough.
toser vi to cough.
tostada nf toast, slice of toast.
tostador,-ra nm & nf (de pan) toaster;
(de caf) roaster.
tostar vt 1 (pan) to toast; (caf) to roast;
(carnes) to brown. 2 fig (piel) to tan.
P vpr tostarse fig (la piel) to get brown,
turn brown, tan.
total adj total, complete, overall:
anestesia total general anaesthetic.
P nm 1 (totalidad) whole: el total de la po
blacin the whole population. 2 (suma)
total, sum.
P adv 1 (en conclusin) in short, so: total,
que se fueron porque quisieron they left be-
cause they wanted to. 2 (al fin y al cabo)
after all.
totalitario,-a adj totalitarian.
totalitarismo nm totalitarianism.
ttem nm totem; (efigie) totem pole.
txico,-a adj toxic, poisonous.
P nm txico toxicant, poison.
toxicmano,-a nm & nf drug addict.
tozudo,-a adj stubborn, obstinate.
trabajador,-ra adj 1 (que trabaja) work-
ing. 2 (laborioso) hard-working.
P nm & nf worker (us laborer).
trabajar vi 1 (gen) to work: trabaja mu
cho she works hard. 2 (en obra, pelcula)
to act, perform: quin trabaja en la
obra? who's in the play?
tragar
P vt 1 (materiales) to work (on). 2 (idea,
idioma, etc) to work on. 3 (la tierra) to
till. 4 culin (pasta) to knead.
trabajo nm 1 (ocupacin) work. 2 (tarea)
task, job. 3 (empleo) job. 4 (esfuerzo) ef-
fort. 5 educ report.
P nm pl trabajos fig (penalidades) hard-
ships. c o m p trabajos manuales arts
and crafts, handicrafts.
trabalenguas nm inv tongue twister.
trabar vt 1 (unir) to join, link. 2 (sujetar)
to lock, fasten. 3 (mecanismo) to jam. 4
(prender a alguien) to shackle. 5 (caballe-
ra) to hobble. 6 fig (empezar) to start.
7 fig (conversacin, amistad) to strike up.
8 fig (impedir) to impede.
P vpr trabarse (enredarse) to get tan-
gled up. l o c trabrsele la lengua a
algn to get tongue-tied.
tractor nm tractor.
tradicin nf tradition.
tradicional adj traditional.
traduccin nf translation.
traducir vt 1 (gen) to translate. 2 (expre-
sar) to express, show.
P vpr traducirse (resulta) to result in.
traductor,-ra adj translating.
P nm & nf translator.
traer vt 1 (gen) to bring. 2 (llevar consigo)
to carry: traa un bolso she was carrying a
bag. 3 (vestir) to wear: traa una falda ver
de she was wearing a green skirt. 4 (cau-
sar) to cause, bring: esto le trajo muchos
problemas it caused him a lot of prob-
lems. 5 (contener) to contain: el paquete
trae un regalo the package contains a gift.
P vpr traerse (llevar consigo) to bring
along: trete al beb bring your baby
along.
traficante nm o nf 1 trader, dealer. 2
(ilegal) trafficker. T
traficar vi 1 to deal. 2 (de forma ilegal) to
traffic (en, in), deal (en, in): trafica en/
con drogas he traffics in drugs.
trfico nm 1 auto traffic. 2 com traffic.
tragaperras c o m p mquina tragape
rras slot machine.
tragar vt 1 (ingerir) to swallow. 2 (absor-
ber) to soak up. 3 fig (hacer desaparecer)
to swallow up. 4 fig (gastar, consumir)
 tragedia
to eat up, guzzle: este coche traga mu
cha gasolina this car guzzles petrol. 5 fig
(creer) to swallow, believe. 6 fig (aguan-
tar) to put up with; (disimular) to hide:
tuvo que tragar sus exigencias she had to
put up with his demands. 7 fig (soportar
a alguien) to stand, stomach: no trago a
Pedro I can't stand Pedro.
P vi to swallow, swallow up.
P vpr tragarse (ingerir) to swallow: se
trag un botn he swallowed a button.
tragedia nf tragedy.
trgico,-a adj tragic.
trago nm 1 (sorbo) swig, drop. 2 fam
(bebida) drink. 3 fam fig (adversidad)
rough time.
traicin nf treason, betrayal. l o c a
traicin treacherously.
traicionar vt 1 (gen) to betray. 2 fig (de-
latar) to give away, betray: su expre
sin traicion sus pensamientos his expres-
sion gave away his thoughts.
traidor,-ra adj treacherous.
P nm & nf traitor.
traje nm 1 (de hombre) suit. 2 (de mujer)
dress. c o m p traje de chaqueta tailored
suit. y traje de noche evening dress.
trama nf 1 (textil) weft, woof. 2 (argu-
mento) plot.
tramar vt 1 (tejidos) to weave. 2 fig (ma-
quinar) to plot, cook up.
tramitacin nf jur procedure.
tramitar vt 1 (gestionar) to deal with,
process: tramitaremos su pasaporte we'll
get your passport sorted out. 2 (solicitar,
negociar) to arrange, negotiate: trami
tar un prstamo to negotiate a loan.
trmite nm 1 (paso) step. 2 (formalidad)
formality, requirement.
tramo nm 1 (camino, etc) stretch. 2 (de
escalera) flight. 3 (de terreno) lot.
trampa nf 1 (abertura) trapdoor, hatch.
2 (para cazar) trap. 3 fig (engao) fiddle;
(truco) trick. 4 fig (deuda) debt. l o c ten
der una trampa to set a trap.
trampoln nm 1 (de piscina) spring-
board. 2 (de esqu) ski jump.
tramposo,-a adj deceitful, tricky.
354
P nm & nf trickster, cheat; (en las cartas)
cardsharp.
trancazo nm 1 (golpe) blow with a cudg-
el. 2 fam fig (resfriado) cold; (gripe) flu.
trance nm 1 (momento crtico) critical mo-
ment. 2 (dificultad) fix, tight spot. 3
(xtasis) trance.
tranquilidad nf (quietud) calmness; (so-
siego) peace and quiet. c o m p paz y tran
quilidad peace and quiet.
tranquilizante nm tranquillizer (us
tranquilizer).
tranquilizar vt 1 (calmar) to calm
down, tranquillize (us tranquilize).
2 (dar confianza) to reassure, set one's
mind at rest.
P vpr tranquilizarse 1 (calmarse) to calm
down. 2 to set one's mind at rest.
tranquilo,-a adj 1 (sin inquietud) calm,
relaxed, tranquil. 2 (sin preocupacin)
reassured. 3 (sin movimiento) calm, still,
quiet. 4 (sin ruidos) quiet, still, peace-
ful. 5 (persona) calm, easy-going,
placid. 6 (agua) still; (conciencia) clear.
transaccin nf transaction, deal.
transatlntico,-a adj transatlantic.
P nm transatlntico liner, ocean liner.
transbordar vt to transfer.
P vi change (de tren, etc).
transbordador nm ferry. c o m p transbor
dador espacial space shuttle.
transbordo nm 1 (de vehculo) change, us
transfer. 2 (de barco) transshipment.
transcribir vt to transcribe.
transcripcin nf transcription.
transcurrir vi 1 (tiempo) to pass, elapse.
2 (acontecer) to take place, go off.
transcurso nm 1 (paso) course. 2 (dura-
cin) space, period: en el transcurso de
dos aos in the space of two years.
transente nm o nf (peatn) pedestrian.
transferencia nf fin transfer.
transferible adj transferable.
transferir vt fin to transfer, convey.
transformacin nf transformation.
transformador,-ra adj transforming.
P nm transformador transformer.
transformar vt to transform, change.
 355
P vpr transformarse to change, be
transformed: se transform completa
mente he was completely transformed.
l o c transformarse en 1 (persona) to be-
come. 2 (objeto) to convert into.
transfusin nf transfusion. c o m p trans
fusin de sangre blood transfusion.
transgnico,-a adj genetically modi-
fied.
transgresin nf transgression.
transgresor,-ra nm & nf transgressor,
law-breaker.
transicin nf transition.
transigencia nf 1 (actitud) tolerance,
lenience. 2 (concesin) compromise.
transigente adj accommodating, tol-
erant, lenient.
transigir vi 1 (ceder) to compromise,
give in, yield. 2 (tolerar) to tolerate.
transistor nm transistor.
transitable adj passable.
transitado,-a adj busy.
transitar vi 1 (viajar) to travel, travel
about. 2 (pasar) to pass, go, walk.
transitivo,-a adj transitive.
trnsito nm 1 (accin) passage, transit,
movement. 2 auto traffic. 3 euf
(muerte) death, passing. 4 (lugar de pa-
rada) stopping place.
transitoriedad nf transience.
transitorio,-a adj (pasajero) transitory;
(de transicin) transitional, interim.
transmediterrneo,-a adj trans-
Mediterranean.
transmisible adj transmissible.
transmisin nf 1 (propagacin) trans-
mission. 2 jur transfer, transference.
3 rad tv broadcast. 4 tc drive.
P nf pl transmisiones mil signals. c o m p
derechos de transmisin 1 jur (de heren-
cia) succession duty. 2 (de televisin, etc)
broadcasting rights. y transmisin en
directo rad tv live broadcast.
transmisor,-ra adj transmitting.
P nm & nf transmitter.
transmitir vt 1 (gen) to transmit. 2 rad
tv to broadcast. 3 (enfermedad) to
transmit, pass on. 4 jur to transfer,
hand down.
trapera
transmutar vt to transmute.
P vpr transmutarse to change, trans-
form.
transocenico,-a adj transoceanic.
transparencia nf 1 transparency. 2
(diapositiva) transparency.
transparentar vt fig (emociones, etc) to
reveal.
P vpr transparentarse 1 (ser transparente)
to be transparent, show through. 2
fig (emociones, etc) to show.
transparente adj 1 (gen) transparent.
2 (tela, vestido) transparent. 3 fig
straight, plain.
transpiracin nf perspiration.
transpirar vi to perspire, transpire.
transplantar vt 1 (gen) to transplant. 2
(trasladar) to transfer.
transplante nm transplant.
transportable adj transportable.
transportar vt 1 (gen) to transport. 2
(pasajeros) to carry; (mercancas en barco)
to ship. 3 mat to transfer. 4 ms to
transpose. 5 fig (hacer perder la razn)
to carry away, send into raptures.
P vpr transportarse fig to be trans-
ported, be enraptured.
transporte nm 1 (medio) transport. 2
(accin) transport, us transportation.
3 com freight, freightage. 4 ms
transposition. 5 fig transport, ecsta-
sy, bliss. c o m p transporte pblico pub-
lic transport.
transportista nm o nf carrier.
transvasar vt 1 (lquidos) to decant. 2
(entre ros) to transfer.
transvase nm 1 (de lquidos) decanting.
2 (de ros) transfer.
transversal adj transverse. T
transverso,-a adj transverse.
tranva nm 1 (sistema) tramway. 2 (veh-
culo) tram, tramcar, us streetcar.
trapecio nm 1 dep trapeze. 2 (geometra)
trapezium, us trapezoid. 3 anat (hue-
so) trapezium; (msculo) trapezius.
trapecista nm o nf trapeze artist.
trapera nf secondhand clothes shop.
 trapero
trapero,-a nm & nf (hombre) rag-and-
bone man, us junkman; (mujer) rag-
and-bone woman.
trapezoide nm trapezoid, us trapezi-
um.
trapo nm 1 (tela vieja) rag. 2 (pao, bayeta)
cloth. 3 mar sails pl. 4 (teln) curtain.
5 (del torero) red cape.
P nm pl trapos clothes, rags. l o c poner
a algn como un trapo (sucio) fam to
tear sb apart. c o m p trapo del polvo
duster.
trquea nf trachea, windpipe.
traqueal adj tracheal.
traqueotoma nf tracheotomy.
tras prep 1 (despus de) after: tras la salida
del avin after the departure of the plane.
2 (detrs) behind: tras el muro behind
the wall. 3 (en pos de) after, in pursuit
of: iba siempre tras el xito he was always
in pursuit of success. l o c da tras da
day after day.
trasbordador nm ferry, car ferry.
trascendencia nf 1 (importancia) signif-
icance, importance. 2 (filosofa) tran-
scendence, transcendency.
trascendental adj 1 (importante) signifi-
cant, very important, consequen-
tial; (de gran alcance) far-reaching. 2 (fi-
losofa) transcendent, transcendental.
trascendente adj trascendental.
trascender vi 1 (olor - despedir) to smell;
(- llegar hasta) to reach. 2 (darse a conocer)
to become known, leak out: el resul
tado trascendi the result leaked out. 3
(extenderse) to spread, have a wide ef-
fect.
trascribir vt to transcribe.
trascripcin nf transcription.
trasegar vt 1 (mudar) to move about,
shuffle. 2 (lquidos) to decant.
trasero,-a adj back, rear.
P nm trasero fam euf bottom, bum.
trasferencia nf transferencia.
trasferible adj transferable.
trasferir vt transferir.
trasfondo nm 1 background. 2 fig un-
dertone.
trasformacin nf transformation.
356
trasformador,-ra adj-nm transfor
mador,-ra.
trasgresin nf transgression.
trasgresor,-ra nm & nf transgressor,
law-breaker.
trashumancia nf transhumance, sea-
sonal migration.
trashumante adj transhumant.
trasiego nm comings and goings pl,
hustle and bustle.
traslacin nf 1 (de la Tierra) passage,
movement. 2 (en matemticas) transla-
tion.
trasladar vt 1 (cambiar de sitio) to move.
2 (de cargo, etc) to transfer. 3 (aplazar)
to postpone, put off.
P vpr trasladarse 1 (ir) to go. 2 (cambiar
de residencia) to move.
traslado nm 1 (cambio de lugar) move,
moving; (de residencia) removal. 2 (de
cargo, etc) transfer. 3 (copia) copy. 4 jur
notification.
traslcido,-a adj translucent, semi-
transparent.
traslucir vt fig to show, reveal, be-
tray.
P vpr traslucirse 1 (material) to be
translucent. 2 fig (dejar ver) to show,
show through.
trasluz nm diffused light, reflected
light. l o c mirar algo al trasluz to look
at sth against the light.
trasmano nm o nf second hand.
trasnochado,-a adj 1 fig (viejo) old,
hackneyed. 2 fig (desmejorado) hag-
gard, bleary-eyed.
trasnochador,-ra nm & nf night bird,
nighthawk.
trasnochar vi to stay up late, stay up
until the early hours.
traspapelado,-a adj mislaid, mis-
placed.
traspapelar vt to mislay, misplace.
P vpr traspapelarse to get mislaid, get
misplaced.
traspasar vt 1 (atravesar) to go
through, cross. 2 (cambiar de lugar) to
move. 3 (perforar) to go through,
pierce. 4 (dar, pasar) to transfer; (ven-
 357
der) to sell. 5 fig (exceder) to exceed,
go beyond.
traspaso nm 1 (de negocio, etc) transfer,
sale. 2 (precio) transfer fee.
traspi nm 1 (tropezn) stumble, trip. 2
fig (equivocacin) blunder.
trasponer vt-vpr transponer.
trasportista nm o nf carrier.
trasposicin nf transposition.
traspuesto,-a l o c quedarse traspues
to,-a to nod off, doze off.
traspunte nm teat (apuntador) callboy.
trasquilado,-a adj 1 (oveja) sheared;
(pelo) hacked, unevenly cut. 2 fam fig
curtailed, cut down.
trasquilar vt 1 (animales) to shear. 2
(pelo) to hack, cut unevenly. 3 fig to
curtail.
trastabillar vi 1 (dar traspis) to stum-
ble, trip. 2 (tambalearse) to stagger,
totter.
trastada nf fam (mala pasada) dirty
trick.
trastazo nm fam whack, wallop,
thump. l o c darse un trastazo fam to
come a cropper.
traste nm ms fret. l o c irse al traste fig
to fall through.
trastear vt 1 ms to play. 2 (revolver) to
rummage in. 3 fig (manejar) to twist
around one's little finger.
P vi (revolver) to rummage.
trastero,-a nm junk room.
trastienda nf 1 (de tienda) back room.
2 fig (astucia) cunning.
trasto nm 1 (algo intil) piece of junk. 2
fam (nio) little devil. 3 fam (persona)
useless person, good-for-nothing,
dead loss.
P nm pl trastos 1 (utensilios) tackle sing,
gear sing. 2 fam (pertenencias) belong-
ings, things. l o c tirarse los trastos a la
cabeza fig to have a blazing row.
trastocar vt (cambiar) to change.
P vpr trastocarse (trastornarse) to go
mad.
trastornado,-a adj 1 (preocupado) up-
set. 2 (loco) mad. 3 (mente) unbal-
anced.
tratar
trastornar vt 1 (revolver) to turn round,
turn upside down. 2 (alterar - planes)
to disrupt; (- paz, orden) to disturb. 3
(estmago) to upset. 4 fig (enloquecer) to
drive crazy.
P vpr trastornarse (perturbarse) to go
mad, go out of one's mind.
trastorno nm 1 (desorden) confusion. 2
(molestia) trouble, inconvenience.
3 (perturbacin) disruption, upheaval,
upset. 4 med upset.
trastrocar vt 1 (gen) to switch around,
change around. 2 (orden) to invert,
reverse; (significado) to change.
trasunto nm 1 (copia) copy. 2 (represen-
tacin) representation.
trata nf slave trade.
tratable adj friendly, congenial, easy
to get along with.
tratadista nm o nf treatise writer.
tratado nm 1 (pacto) treaty. 2 (estudio)
treatise.
tratamiento nm 1 (gen) treatment. 2
(de datos, materiales) processing. 3 (ttulo)
title, form of address. c o m p trata
miento de textos word processing.
tratar vt 1 (gen - objeto) to treat, handle;
(- persona) to treat: nos trat bien he
treated us well. 2 (asunto, tema) to dis-
cuss, deal with. 3 (gestionar) to han-
dle, run. 4 (dar tratamiento) to address
as. 5 (calificar, considerar) to consider,
call: lo trat de idiota she called him an
idiot. 6 med to treat. 7 (datos, texto) to
process. 8 qum to treat.
P vi 1 (relacionarse) to be acquainted
(con, with), know (con, -). 2 (tener tra-
tos) to deal ( con, with). 3 (negociar)
to negotiate (con, with). 4 (intentar) to
try (de, to): trata de hacerlo try to do it. T
5 (versar) to be about: trata de/sobre es
pas it's about spies.
P vpr tratarse 1 (relacionarse) to talk to
each other, be on speaking terms:
no se tratan they're not on speaking
terms. 2 (llamarse) to address each
other as, call each other. 3 (referirse)
to be about: se trataba de un atraco it
was about a robbery.
 trato
trato nm 1 (accin) treatment. 2 (moda-
les) manner. 3 (contacto) contact. 4
(acuerdo) agreement. 5 com deal.
6 (tratamiento) title. l o c cerrar un trato
to close a deal. y trato hecho! it's a
deal!
trauma nm trauma.
traumtico,-a adj traumatic.
traumatismo nm traumatism.
traumatizar vt 1 med to traumatize. 2
fam to shock.
travs nm 1 (inclinacin) slant. 2 (pieza de
madera) crosspiece, crossbeam. 3 mar
beam. 4 fig (desgracia) misfortune. l o c
a travs de 1 (de un lado a otro) across,
over. 2 (por dentro) through. 3 (median-
te) through, from.
travesao nm 1 arquit crosspiece. 2
dep crossbar.
travesa nf 1 (viaje) crossing; (por mar)
voyage, crossing. 2 (calle) cross-
street, passage. 3 (distancia) distance.
travesura nf piece of mischief, child-
ish prank. l o c hacer travesuras to get
into mischief.
traviesa nf 1 (de ferrocarril) sleeper, us
tie. 2 (en construccin) trimmer.
travieso,-a adj mischievous, naugh-
ty.
trayecto nm 1 (distancia) distance, way.
2 (recorrido) route, itinerary.
trayectoria nf 1 trajectory. 2 fig line,
course, path.
traza nf fig (apariencia) looks pl, appear-
ance.
trazado nm 1 (plano) layout, plan. 2
(dibujo) drawing, sketch. 3 (de carretera,
ferrocarril) route, course.
trazar vt 1 (lnea, plano, dibujo) to draw,
draw up. 2 (parque) to lay out; (edificio)
to design. 3 (itinerario) to trace. 4 fig
(plan, etc) to outline, draft.
trazo nm 1 (lnea) line. 2 (de una letra)
stroke. 3 fig (rasgo facial) feature.
trbol nm 1 (planta) clover, trefoil. 2
(naipes) club.
trece adj (cardinal) thirteen; (ordinal)
thirteenth.
358
P nm (nmero) thirteen; (fecha) thir-
teenth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
treceavo,-a adj thirteenth.
P nm & nf thirteenth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
trecho nm 1 (espacio) distance, way;
(tiempo) while, time. 2 (de camino, ruta)
stretch. 3 agr plot, patch. 4 fam (par-
te) piece, bit.
tregua nf 1 truce. 2 fig respite, rest.
treinta adj (cardinal) thirty; (ordinal)
thirtieth.
P nm (nmero) thirty; (fecha) thirtieth.
. Consulta tambin seis.
treintaero,-a adj thirty-year-old.
P nm & nf thirty-year-old person.
treintavo,-a adj thirtieth.
P nm & nf thirtieth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
treintena nf (exacto) thirty; (aproximado)
about thirty.
tremendo,-a adj 1 (terrible) terrible,
dreadful, frightful. 2 (muy grande)
huge, enormous, tremendous. 3
(travieso) terrible. l o c tomarse algo por
la tremenda fig to make a great fuss
about sth.
trementina nf turpentine.
tremolar vt to wave.
P vi to wave, flutter.
trmulo,-a adj 1 (tembloroso) tremu-
lous, quivering. 2 (luz, llama) flicker-
ing.
tren nm 1 (ferrocarril) train. 2 (conjunto de
mquinas) convoy, line. 3 fig (ritmo, mo-
do) speed, pace. l o c coger el tren / to
mar el tren to catch a train. c o m p tren
de alta velocidad high-speed train.
trenca nf (abrigo) duffel coat, duffle
coat.
trenza nf 1 (peluquera) plait, us braid. 2
cost braid.
trenzado nm 1 (trenza - de pelo) plait, us
braid; (- de costura) braid. 2 (en danza)
entrechat. 3 (de caballo) crossover
step.
 359
trenzar vt 1 to plait, braid. 2 (peluque-
ra) to plait, us braid.
trepador,-ra adj (planta) climbing.
P nm & nf fam pey go-getter, social
climber.
trepanacin nf trepanation, trephi-
nation.
trepanar vi to trepan, trephine.
trpano nm 1 med trephine. 2 tc bit.
trepar1 vt (escalar) to climb.
P vi (escalar) to climb.
trepar2 vt 1 (taladrar) to drill. 2 (un bor-
dado) to trim.
trepidante adj 1 vibrating, shaking. 2
fig (vida, etc) hectic, frantic.
trepidar vi to vibrate, shake.
tres adj (cardinal) three; (ordinal) third.
P nm (nmero) three; (fecha) third. c o m p
tres en raya noughts and crosses, us
tick-tack-toe.
. Consulta tambin seis.
trescientos,-as adj (cardinal) three
hundred; (ordinal) three hundredth.
P nm(nmero) three hundred.
. Consulta tambin seis.
tresillo nm (mueble) suite, three-piece
suite.
treta nf trick, ruse.
trada nf triad.
triangular adj triangular.
tringulo,-a adj triangular.
P nm tringulo triangle. c o m p tringulo
equiltero equilateral triangle. y
tringulo issceles isosceles triangle.
y tringulo rectngulo right-angled
triangle.
triatln nm triathlon.
tribal adj tribal, tribe.
tribu nf tribe.
tribuna nf 1 (plataforma) rostrum, dais.
2 dep grandstand.
tribunal nm 1 jur court. 2 (de examen)
board of examiners. l o c llevar a los
tribunales to take to court. c o m p Tri
bunal Supremo High Court, us Su-
preme Court.
tributacin nf taxation, levy.
trimestral
tributar vt to pay.
tributario,-a adj tributary, tax.
P nm & nf taxpayer.
tributo nm 1 (impuesto) tax. 2 (a cambio
de algo) tribute. 3 fig (carga) price. 4 fig
(de sentimiento) token.
tricfalo,-a adj tricephalous.
trceps nm inv triceps.
triciclo nm tricycle.
tricornio nm (sombrero) three-cornered
hat.
tricotar vt to knit.
tridente nm trident.
tridimensional adj three-dimension-
al.
triedro nm trihedron.
trienal adj triennial.
trienio nm triennium.
trifsico,-a adj elec three-phase.
trigal nm wheat field.
trigsimo,-a adj thirtieth.
P nm & nf thirtieth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
triglifo nm triglyph.
trigo nm (cereal) wheat.
trigonometra nf trigonometry.
trigonomtrico,-a adj trigonomet-
ric, trigonometrical.
trigueo,-a adj 1 (pelo) corn-coloured
( us corn-colored), dark blonde. 2
(piel) dark, swarthy. 3 (persona) olive-
skinned.
triguero,-a adj wheat.
trilateral adj three-sided, trilateral.
trilinge adj trilingual.
trilita nf TNT, trinitrotoluene.
trilla nf threshing.
trillado,-a adj 1 (camino) beaten, well-
T
trodden. 2 fig (expresin, etc) over-
worked, well-worn.
trilladora nf threshing machine.
trillar vt 1 to thresh. 2 fig to wear out.
trillizo,-a nm & nf triplet.
triloga nf trilogy.
trimestral adj quarterly, three-
monthly, trimestral.
 trimestre
trimestre nm 1 quarter, trimester. 2
educ term.
trimotor nm three-engined aircraft.
trinar vi 1 (ave) to warble, trill. 2 ms to
trill. 3 fam (enfadarse) to rage, fume:
Pedro est que trina Pedro is fuming.
trinchar vt to carve, slice (up).
trinchera nf trench.
trineo nm sleigh, sled, sledge.
Trinidad nf Trinidad. c o m p Trinidad y
Tobago Trinidad and Tobago.
trinitrotolueno nm trinitrotoluene.
trino nm 1 (ave) warble, trill. 2 ms
trill.
trino,-a adj trine.
trinomio nm trinomial.
trinquete1 nm (lengeta) pawl; (mecanis-
mo) ratchet.
trinquete2 nm 1 (frontn) pelota court.
2 mar (palo) foremast; (vela) foresail.
tro nm trio.
tripa nf 1 (intestino) gut, intestine. 2 (ba-
rriga) gut, stomach. 3 (de vasija) belly.
4 fam (embarazo) belly.
P nf pl tripas fam (interior) innards.
tripartito,-a adj tripartite.
triple adj 1 triple. 2 (tres veces) three
times: pagamos el triple del precio real we
paid three times the real price.
P nm triple. c o m p triple salto triple
jump.
triplicado nm triplicate.
triplicar vt to triple, treble.
trpode nm tripod.
trptico nm triptych.
triptongo nm triphthong.
tripulacin nf crew.
tripulante nm crew member.
tripular vt to man.
tris nm fam fig bit; (sonido) crack. l o c en
un tris fam in a jiffy: lo hizo en un tris he
did it in a jiffy.
trislabo,-a adj trisyllabic.
P nm trislabo trisyllable.
triste adj 1 (infeliz) sad, unhappy; (futu-
ro) bleak. 2 (oscuro, sombro) gloomy,
dismal. 3 (nico) single, only: ni un tris
te libro not a single book. 4 (insignificante)
360
poor, humble. l o c es triste que it's
a pity: es triste que no los podamos ayu
dar it's a pity we can't help them.
tristeza nf sadness.
P nf pl tristezas problems, sufferings.
tristn,-ona adj fam gloomy, sad,
melancholy.
tritn nm 1 (anfibio) newt. 2 Tritn (mito-
loga) Triton.
triturado,-a adj 1 ground, crushed. 2
fig crumpled up.
triturador,-ra adj grinding, crushing,
triturating.
P nm triturador waste disposal unit,
us garbage disposal unit.
trituradora nf grinder, crushing ma-
chine. c o m p trituradora de papel pa-
per shredder.
triturar vt 1 to grind (up), crush; (pa-
pel) to shred. 2 fig (fsicamente) to beat
(up); (moralmente) to tear apart.
triunfador,-ra adj winning.
P nm & nf winner.
triunfal adj triumphant.
triunfalismo nm 1 triumphalism. 2
pol jingoism.
triunfalista adj 1 triumphalist. 2 pol
jingoistic.
P nm o nf 1 triumphalist. 2 pol jingo-
ist.
triunfar vi to triumph. l o c triunfar en
la vida to succeed in life.
triunfo nm 1 (victoria) triumph, victory.
2 dep win. 3 (xito) success. 4 (naipes)
trump.
trivial adj trivial, petty.
trivialidad nf triviality, pettiness.
trivializar vt to trivialize, minimize.
triza nf bit, fragment. l o c estar hecho,
-a trizas fam to feel washed out.
trocar vt 1 (permutar) to exchange,
swap: trocar un lpiz por un bolgrafo to
exchange a pencil for a biro. 2 (transfor-
mar) to turn (en, into), convert (en,
into).
trocear vt to cut up.
trofeo nm trophy.
trfico,-a adj food.
troglodita nm o nf troglodyte.
 361
trolebs nm trolley bus.
tromba nf waterspout. comp tromba
de agua downpour.
trombo nm thrombus.
trombn nm ms trombone.
P nm o nf trombonist. c o m p trombn de
varas slide trombone.
trombosis nf inv thrombosis.
trompa nf 1 ms horn. 2 (de elefante)
trunk. 3 (de insecto) proboscis. 4 anat
tube. 5 fam fig (nariz) hooter, snout.
l o c estar trompa fam to be plastered.
c o m p trompa de Eustaquio Eustachian
tube. y trompa de Falopio Fallopian
tube.
P nm o nf ms horn player.
trompazo nm bump. l o c darse un
trompazo to have a bump, have a
crash.
trompeta nf ms trumpet.
P nm o nf trumpet player.
trompetista nm o nf trumpet player,
trumpeter.
trompicn nm 1 (tropezn) trip, stum-
ble. 2 (golpe) blow, hit. l o c a trompi-
cones in fits and starts.
trompo nm top, spinning top.
tronar vi 1 [se usa slo en tercera persona;
no lleva sujeto] (trueno) to thunder. 2
(can, etc) to thunder.
tronchar vt 1 (rboles) to cut down,
fell. 2 fig to destroy. l o c troncharse
de risa fam to split one's sides with
laughter.
troncho adj stem, stalk.
tronco nm 1 anat trunk, torso. 2 bot
(tallo de rbol) trunk; (leo) log. 3 fig (li-
naje) family stock. 4 fig (persona intil)
blockhead. 5 (geometra) frustum. 6
argot (compaero) mate, pal, chum.
l o c dormir como un tronco fam to
sleep like a log. c o m p tronco de cono
truncated cone.
tronera nf 1 (de fortificacin) loophole,
embrasure. 2 (de barco) porthole. 3 (de
billar) pocket.
trono nm throne.
tropa nf 1 mil troops pl, soldiers pl. 2
(muchedumbre) crowd.
truculencia
P nf pl tropas mil troops, fighting sol-
diers.
tropel nm throng, mob. loc en tropel
in a mad rush.
tropela nf 1 (atropello) outrage. 2 (tro-
pel) throng, mob. 3 (delito) crime.
tropezar vi 1 (trompicar) to trip, stum-
ble: tropez con mi pie he tripped over
my foot. 2 fig (encontrar a alguien) to
come (con, across), bump (con, in-
to). 3 fig (encontrar dificultades, etc) to
come up (con, against), run (con, in-
to).
tropezn nm 1 (traspi) trip, stumble. 2
fig (error) slip-up, faux pas. 3 fam (de
comida) chunk of food. l o c dar un tro-
pezn to trip.
tropical adj tropical.
trpico nm tropic.
P nm pl trpicos tropics.
tropiezo nm 1 (obstculo) trip. 2 fig (error)
blunder; (revs) setback, mishap. 3
(ria) quarrel.
tropismo nm tropism.
tropo nm trope.
troposfera nf troposphere.
troquel nm die.
troqueladora nf stamping machine.
troquelar vt (gen) to stamp; (monedas)
to strike; (cuero) to emboss.
trotamundos nm o nf inv globe-trotter;
(mochilero) backpacker.
trotar vi 1 to trot. 2 fig (andar) to bus-
tle, run, run about.
trote nm 1 (de caballo) trot. 2 fam fig (ac-
tividad) chasing about, hustle and
bustle, bustle. l o c al trote at a trot.
trovador , -ra nm & nf troubadour,
minstrel.
trozo nm piece, chunk. T
trucaje nm trick photography.
trucar vt 1 (foto, etc) to doctor, alter,
tamper with. 2 auto to soup up.
trucha nf trout.
truco nm 1 (ardid) trick. 2 (fotogrfico)
trick effect, trick camera shot. 3
(maa) knack.
truculencia nf 1 cruelty. 2 fig sensa-
tionalism.
truculento
truculento,-a adj 1 (cruel) cruel. 2 fig
(excesivo) sensationalistic.
trueno nm 1 thunder, thunderclap. 2
fam (joven) hare brain.
trueque nm exchange, swap.
trufa nf 1 (hongo) truffle. 2 (de chocolate)
chocolate truffle.
trufar vt to stuff with truffles.
P vi fig to tell lies.
truhan,-ana nm & nf rogue, crook.
truncado,-a adj (geometra) truncated.
truncar vt 1 (cortar) to truncate. 2 fig
(ilusiones, esperanzas) to shatter, cut
short. 3 fig (escrito) to leave unfin-
ished; (sentido) to upset.
P vpr truncarse fig (ilusiones, etc) to cut
short.
trust nm trust, cartel.
tu adj your: tu coche your car; tus coches
your cars.
t pron 1 you. 2 rel Thou. l o c tratar de
t to address as t.
tuareg adj Tuareg.
P nm Tuareg.
tuba nf tuba.
tubrculo nm 1 bot tuber. 2 med tu-
bercle.
tuberculosis nf inv tuberculosis.
tuberculoso,-a adj 1 bot tuberous. 2
med tubercular, tuberculous.
tubera nf 1 (de agua) piping, pipes pl,
plumbing. 2 (de gas, petrleo) pipeline.
tuberoso,-a adj tuberous.
tubo nm 1 (de ensayo, etc) tube. 2 (tubera)
pipe. 3 anat tube. c o m p tubo de ensa
yo test tube. y tubo de escape exhaust
pipe, exhaust. y tubo digestivo ali-
mentary canal.
tubular adj tubular.
P nm bicycle tyre.
tucn nm toucan.
tuerca nf nut.
tuerto,-a adj one-eyed, blind in one
eye.
P nm & nf one-eyed person.
tutano nm 1 marrow. 2 fig essence,
core.
362
tufo nm 1 (mal olor) pong, foul smell,
stink. 2 (emanacin) fume, vapour (us
vapor).
tugurio nm 1 (choza) shepherd's hut. 2
(casucha) hovel, shack. 3 fig hole,
dive.
tul nm tulle.
tulipa nf 1 (bot) small tulip. 2 (lmpara)
tulip-shaped lampshade.
tulipn nm tulip.
tullido,-a adj crippled, disabled.
P nm & nf cripple.
tumbado,-a adj (estirado) lying,
stretched out: tumbado al sol lying in
the sun.
tumbar vt 1 (derribar) to knock out,
knock over. 2 educ fam to fail.
P vpr tumbarse (acostarse) to lie down,
stretch out.
tumbo nm jolt, bump. l o c dar tumbos
to jolt, bump along.
tumbona nf 1 (hamaca) deck-chair. 2
(silla extensible) lounger.
tumor nm tumour (us tumor).
tmulo nm 1 (montecillo) tumulus, buri-
al mound, barrow. 2 (catafalco) cata-
falque.
tumulto nm tumult, commotion.
tumultuoso,-a adj tumultuous, riot-
ous.
tuna nf student minstrel group.
tunda nf 1 fam thrashing, beating.
2 fig (trabajo agotador) exhausting job,
drag.
tundra nf tundra.
tunecino,-a adj Tunisian.
P nm & nf Tunisian.
tnel nm tunnel.
Tnez nm 1 (ciudad) Tunis. 2 (pas) Tuni-
sia.
tungsteno nm tungsten.
tnica nf tunic.
tuno nm bot prickly pear.
tup adj Tupi.
P nm & nf Tupi.
P nm (idioma) Tupi.
tupido,-a adj 1 dense, thick. 2 fig (tor-
pe) clumsy, dense.
 363
tupir vi (apretar) to pack tight, press
down.
P vpr tupirse 1 (comiendo) to stuff os.
2 (ofuscarse) to get muddled up, get in
a muddle.
turba1 nf 1 (combustible) peat, turf. 2
(abono) peat, peat moss.
turba2 nf (muchedumbre) mob, crowd.
turbacin nf 1 (alteracin) disturbance.
2 (preocupacin) anxiety, worry. 3 (des-
concierto) confusion, uneasiness.
turbado,-a adj 1 (alterado) disturbed,
unsettled. 2 (preocupado) worried, up-
set. 3 (desconcertado) confused.
turbador,-ra adj 1 (que altera) disturb-
ing, unsettling. 2 (preocupante) worry-
ing, upsetting. 3 (desconcertante) con-
fusing, disconcerting.
turbante nm turban.
turbar vt 1 (alterar) to unsettle, dis-
turb. 2 (enturbiar) to stir up. 3 (preocu-
par) to upset, worry. 4 (desconcertar) to
baffle, put off.
P vpr turbarse 1 (preocuparse) to be up-
set, become upset. 2 (desconcertarse) to
be confused, be baffled.
turbera nf peat bog.
turbina nf turbine.
turbio,-a adj 1 (oscurecido) cloudy,
muddy, turbid. 2 fig (dudoso) shady,
dubious. 3 fig (turbulento) turbulent. 4
fig (confuso) confused. 5 fig (vista)
blurred.
turbo nm turbo.
turbogenerador nm turbogenerator.
turbohlice nm turboprop.
turborreactor nm turbojet, turbojet
engine.
turbulencia nf turbulence.
turbulento,-a adj turbulent, trou-
bled.
turco,-a adj Turkish.
P nm & nf (persona) Turk.
P nm turco (idioma) Turkish.
turgencia nf turgidity, turgidness.
turgente adj turgid.
turismo nm 1 (gen) tourism. 2 (industria)
tourist trade, tourist industry. 3
auto private car, saloon. l o c hacer
tuyo
turismo 1 (pas) to go touring. 2 (ciu-
dad, pueblo) to go sightseeing.
turista nm o nf tourist.
turstico,-a adj tourist. l o c de inters
turstico of interest to tourists.
Turkmenistn nm Turkmenistan.
trmix nm inv liquidizer, blender.
turnar vi to alternate.
P vpr turnarse to take turns.
turno nm 1 (tanda) turn, go: es mi turno
it's my turn; a quin le toca el turno?
who's next? 2 (perodo de trabajo) shift.
l o c estar de turno to be on duty. c o m p
turno de da / turno de noche day
shift / night shift.
turquesa adj turquoise.
P nf(piedra) turquoise.
P nm (color) turquoise.
Turqua nf Turkey.
turrn nm type of nougat.
turronera nf shop selling nougat.
tute nm 1 (naipes) card game. 2 fig (es-
fuerzo) beating, thrashing.
tutear vt 1 to address as t. 2 fig to be
on familiar terms with.
P vpr tutearse (uso recproco) to address
each other as t.
tutela nf 1 jur guardianship, tutelage.
2 fig protection, guidance. l o c bajo
la tutela de under the protection of.
tutelar adj tutelary.
tuteo nm use of the t form of ad-
dress.
tutor,-ra nm & nf 1 jur guardian. 2 fig
protector, guide. 3 educ tutor.
P nm tutor agr stake, prop.
tutora nf 1 jur guardianship, tute-
lage. 2 educ post of tutor.
Tuvalu nm Tuvalu.
tuyo,-a adj of yours, one of your: es T
primo tuyo? is he a cousin of yours?, is he
your cousin?
P pron yours, your own: el tuyo est all
yours is there.
P nm lo tuyo (lo que es tuyo) what is
yours; (lo que te concierne) your busi-
ness, your own business.
P nm pl los tuyos (familiares) your fami-
ly sing; (amigos) your friends.
 U
U, u nf (la letra) U, u.
u [se usa ante palabras que empiezan por o
u ho] conj or: diez u once ten or eleven.
. Consulta tambin o.
ubre nf udder.
ucraniano,-a adj Ukranian.
P nm & nf (persona) Ukranian.
Uganda nf Uganda.
ugands,-esa adj Ugandan.
P nm & nf Ugandan.
lcera nf ulcer. comp lcera de estma
go stomach ulcer.
ulceracin nf ulceration.
ultimar vt to finish, complete.
ultimtum nm inv 1 ultimatum. 2 fam
final word.
ltimo,-a adj 1 last. 2 (ms reciente) lat-
est; (de dos) latter. 3 (ms alejado) fur-
thest; (ms abajo) bottom, lowest;
(ms arriba) top; (ms atrs) back. 4 (defi-
nitivo) final. l o c por ltimo finally.
ultraje nm outrage, insult.
ultraligero adj ultralight.
P nm ultraligero (avin) microlight.
ultramar nm overseas: viene de ultramar
it comes from overseas, it's imported.
ultramarino,-a adj overseas.
P nm pl ultramarinos groceries.
ultrasonido nm ultrasound.
ultravioleta adj inv ultraviolet.
ulular vi 1 (animal) to howl; (bho) to
hoot. 2 fig to howl.
umbilical adj umbilical.
umbral nm 1 threshold. 2 fig thresh-
old, outset.
un,-na art indef a, an: un libro a book; un
ojo an eye.
364
P adj 1 (numeral) one: tiene un ao he's
one year old. 2 (indef) some: un da vol
ver he'll come some day.
. Consulta tambin uno,-a.
unnime adj unanimous.
unanimidad nf unanimity.
undcimo,-a adj eleventh.
P nm & nf (ordinal, partitivo) eleventh.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
ungento nm ointment.
ungulado,-a adj ungulate, hoofed.
P nm ungulado ungulate.
unicelular adj unicellular, single-cell.
nico,-a adj 1 (solo) only, sole: la nica
persona the only person. 2 (extraordinario)
unique.
unicornio nm unicorn.
unidad nf 1 unit. 2 (barco) vessel; (avin)
aircraft; (de tren) carriage, coach. 3
(cohesin) unity.
unido,-a adj 1 (junto) united. 2 (avenido) at-
tached: estar muy unidos to be very close.
unifamiliar comp vivienda unifamiliar
detached house.
unificacin nf unification.
unificador,-ra adj unifying.
P nm & nf unifier.
unificar vt to unify.
uniformado,-a adj in uniform.
uniformar vt 1 (igualar) to make uni-
form, standardize. 2 (poner un uniforme)
to put into uniform, give a uniform.
uniforme adj 1 uniform. 2 (superficie) even.
P nm (prenda) uniform.
uniformidad nf 1 (igualdad) uniformi-
ty. 2 (de superficie) evenness.
uniformizar vt to standardize.
unilateral adj unilateral.
 365
unin nf 1 union. 2 tc (acoplamiento)
joining; (junta) joint.
unir vt 1 (juntar) to unite, join. 2 (combi-
nar) to combine (a, with).
unitario,-a adj unitary.
univalvo,-a adj univalve.
universal adj universal.
universidad nf university.
universitario,-a adj university.
P nm & nf (que est estudiando) university
student; (licenciado) university graduate.
universo nm universe.
unvoco,-a adj univocal.
uno,-a adj (numeral) one: el nmero uno
number one.
P pron 1 one: uno (de ellos) one of them.
2 (impersonal) one, you: uno tiene que
velar por sus intereses one has to look af-
ter one's own interests. 3 fam (persona)
someone, somebody: estaba hablando
con una he was talking to some woman.
P nm uno (nmero) one.
P nf la una (hora) one o'clock.
P adj vpr unos,-as (indefinido) some; (aproxi-
mado) about, around: unas cajas some
boxes; habr unos treinta there must be
around thirty. l o c a (la) una together. y
de uno,-a en uno,-a one by one.
untar vt 1 to grease, smear: untar pan
con mantequilla to spread butter on
bread. 2 fam (sobornar) to bribe.
ua nf 1 nail; (del dedo) fingernail; (del
dedo del pie) toenail. 2 (garra) claw; (pe-
zua) hoof.
uralita nf uralite.
uranio nm uranium.
Urano nm Uranus.
urbanismo nm town planning.
urbanizacin nf 1 (proceso) urbaniza-
tion. 2 (conjunto residencial) housing de-
velopment, housing estate.
urbanizar vt to urbanize, develop.
urbano,-a adj urban, city.
urbe nf large city, metropolis.
urter nm ureter.
uretra nf urethra.
urgencia nf urgency, emergency.
P nf pl urgencias (servicio) casualty de-
partment sing, casualty sing, us emer-
Uzbekistn
gency room. l o c en (un) caso de ur
gencia in an emergency.
urgente adj 1 urgent. 2 (correo) express
(post, us mail), first-class (post, us mail).
urgir vi to be urgent, be pressing.
urinario,-a adj urinary.
P nm urinario (retrete) urinal.
urna nf 1 pol ballot box. 2 (vasija) urn.
3 (caja) glass case.
urraca nf 1 magpie. 2 fig (cotorra) chat-
terbox.
urticaria nf hives pl, urticaria.
Uruguay nm Uruguay.
uruguayo,-a adj Uruguayan.
P nm & nf Uruguayan.
usado,-a adj 1 (gastado) worn out, old. 2
(de segunda mano) second-hand, used.
usar vt 1 to use. 2 (prenda) to wear.
P vito use (de, -).
P vpr usarse (estar de moda) to be used,
be in fashion.
uso nm 1 use. 2 (ejercicio) exercise. 3 (de
prenda) wearing. 4 (costumbre) usage,
custom. 5 gram usage.
usted pron fml you.
usual adj usual, common.
usuario,-a nm & nf user.
usurero,-a nm & nf usurer.
usurpar vt to usurp.
utensilio nm 1 (herramienta) tool, uten-
sil. 2 (aparato) device, implement.
uterino,-a adj uterine.
tero nm uterus, womb.
til1 adj useful.
til2 nm (herramienta) tool, instrument.
utilidad nf 1 utility, usefulness. 2 (be-
neficio) profit.
utilitario,-a adj utilitarian.
P nm utilitario (coche) utility vehicle.
utilizar vt to use, make use of.
utopa nf utopia.
utpico,-a adj utopian.
U
uva nf grape.
uve nf name of the letter v.
uzbeco,-a adj Uzbek.
P nm & nf (persona) Uzbek.
P nm uzbeco (idioma) Uzbek.
Uzbekistn nm Uzbekistan.
 V
366
V, v nf (la letra) V, v.
V sm (voltio) volt; (smbolo) V.
vaca nf 1 cow. 2 (carne) beef. 3 (cuero)
cowhide.
vacaciones nf pl holiday, holidays pl,
us vacation: se fueron de vacaciones a
Mallorca they went to Majorca for their
holidays. l o c irse de vacaciones to go
on holiday.
vacante adj vacant.
P nf vacancy.
vaciar vt 1 (recipiente) to empty; (local)
to empty, clear. 2 (contenido) to pour
away. 3 (dejar hueco) to hollow out. 4
(moldear) to cast, mould (us mold).
vacilacin nf 1 (duda) hesitation. 2 (os-
cilacin) swaying, vacillation.
vacilar vi 1 (oscilar) to sway, vacillate.
2 (estar poco firme) to wobble. 3 (al an-
dar) to sway, stagger; (al hablar) to
falter. 4 (luz) to flicker. 5 fig (dudar) to
hesitate, waver. 6 fam (tomar el pelo)
to joke, tease: no me vaciles! don't
tease me! 7 fam (presumir) to show off.
vaco,-a adj 1 (gen) empty: el cine est
vaco the cinema is empty. 2 (no ocupado)
vacant, unoccupied; (sin muebles) un-
furnished. 3 (hueco) hollow.
P nm vaco 1 (gen) emptiness, void. 2
(hueco) gap; (espacio) space, empty
space; (espacio en blanco) blank space.
3 (vacante) vacancy. 4 fs vacuum. 5
fig (falta) emptiness, void.
vacuna nf med vaccine.
vacunacin nf med vaccination.
vado nm 1 (de ro) ford. 2 (de acera)
dropped kerb. c o m p Vado perma
nente Keep clear.
vagabundo,-a adj 1 wandering, rov-
ing. 2 pey vagrant.
P nm & nf 1 (trotamundos) wanderer,
rover. 2 pey vagrant, tramp, us hobo.
3 (sin casa) tramp, us hobo.
vagar1 vi (estar ocioso) to idle about.
vagar2 vi (errar) to wander (por, about),
roam (por, about): pasa su tiempo va
gando por el pueblo he spends his time
wandering about town.
vago,-a1 adj 1 (vaco) empty; (desocupa-
do) vacant. 2 (holgazn) lazy, idle.
vago,-a2 adj (impreciso) vague: idea vaga
vague idea.
vagn nm 1 (para pasajeros) carriage,
coach, us car. 2 (para mercancas) wag-
on, goods van, truck, us boxcar.
vaho nm 1 (vapor) vapour (us vapor),
steam. 2 (aliento) breath.
vaina nf 1 (de espada, etc) sheath. 2 (de
instrumento, etc) case. 3 bot pod.
vainilla nf vanilla.
vajilla nf tableware, dishes pl, crock-
ery. c o m p una vajilla a dinner service.
vale nm 1 (comprobante) voucher; (recibo)
receipt. 2 (pagar) promissory note.
P interj fam OK!
valedor,-ra nm & nf protector.
valenta nf (valor) bravery, courage.
valer vt 1 (tener un valor de) to be worth:
no vale nada it is worthless. 2 (costar) to
cost, be: vale siete euros el kilo it costs
seven euros a kilo 3 (hacer merecedor) to
win, earn, get: el suspenso le vali un ra
papolvo failing the exam earned him a
good ticking-off. 4 (ocasionar) to cause:
me ha valido muchos problemas he's caused
me a lot of problems. 5 mat to equal.
P vi 1 (tener un valor de) to be worth. 2 (ser
til, adecuado) to be useful, be of use,
be good for: te vale (sirve) este libro? is
this book any use (to you)? 3 (costar) to

cost, be worth. 4 (ser vlido, contar) to
count. 5 (tener validez) to be valid; (mo-
nedas) to be legal tender: ese billete an
vale that ticket is still valid. 6 (ser suficiente,
bastar) to do, be enough: con esto ya me
vale this will be enough for me. 7 (estar
permitido) to be allowed, be permitted.
P nm (vala) value.
P vpr valerse 1 (utilizar) to use (de, of),
make use (de, of): se vali de un bastn
he used a stick. 2 (espabilarse) to man-
age, cope. l o c valerse por s mismo to
be able to manage on one's own.
valeroso,-a adj courageous, brave.
validez nf validity.
vlido,-a adj valid.
valiente adj 1 (valeroso) brave, coura-
geous, bold. 2 (fuerte) strong.
valioso,-a adj valuable, precious.
valla nf 1 (cerca) fence; (construccin)
wall. 2 mil stockade. 3 dep hurdle. 4
(para publicidad) hoarding, us bill-
board. 5 fig obstacle. c o m p valla pu
blicitaria hoarding, us billboard.
vallado nm 1 (cerca) fence. 2 mil stock-
ade.
vallar vt to fence (in).
valle nm valley.
valor nm 1 (vala) value, worth, merit:
una persona de gran valor a person of
great merit. 2 (precio) price. 3 (validez)
value: estas monedas dejarn de tener va
lor muy pronto these coins will soon be
of no value. 4 (importancia) importance.
5 (coraje) courage. 6 mat value.
P nm pl valores 1 fin securities, bonds.
2 (principios) values.
valorar vt 1 (tasar) to value, calculate
the value of. 2 (aumentar el valor) to
raise the value of.
vals nm waltz.
vlvula nf valve. c o m p vlvula de segu
ridad safety valve.
vampiro nm 1 (espectro) vampire. 2 (ma-
mfero) vampire bat. 3 fig parasite.
vandalismo nm vandalism.
vndalo,-a adj Vandal.
P nm & nf 1 Vandal. 2 fig vandal.
vanidad nf vanity, conceit.
367 varn
vanidoso,-a adj vain, conceited.
Vanuatu nm Vanuatu.
vapor nm 1 (gas) vapour (us vapor),
steam. 2 (barco) steamship, steamer.
l o c al vapor culin steamed. c o m p va
por de agua water vapour (us vapor).
vaquero,-a adj cow, cattle.
P nm & nf (pastor) cowherd, us cow-
boy; (pastora) cowherd, us cowgirl.
P nm pl vaqueros (pantalones) jeans,
pair of jeans.
vara nf 1 (palo) staff, rod, pole. 2 (de man-
do) staff, mace. 3 (medida de longitud)
unit of length equal to approximate-
ly 33 inches. 4 (tauromaquia) lance,
pike.
variable adj variable, changeable.
P nf mat variable.
variacin nf variation, change.
variado,-a adj 1 varied, mixed. 2 (ga-
lletas, helados) assorted.
variante adj variable.
P nf 1 (versin) variant. 2 (diferencia) dif-
ference.
variar vt 1 (cambiar) to change. 2 (dar va-
riedad) to vary, give some variety to.
P vi 1 (cambiar) to change: han variado
de planes they have changed their plans.
2 (diferir) to be different (de, to), dif-
fer (de, from): lo que dices vara de tus
primeras declaraciones what you're say-
ing differs from your first statement. 3
mat to vary. l o c para variar irn as
usual, just for a change.
varicela nf med chickenpox, varicella.
variedad nf 1 (diversidad) variety, diver-
sity: una gran variedad de productos a wide
variety of products. 2 (clase, tipo) variety.
P nf pl variedades (espectculo) variety
show sing.
varilla nf 1 (vara) stick, rod. 2 (de para-
guas, abanico) rib; (de cors) stay.
vario,-a adj 1 (diverso) different, di-
verse. 2 (variado) varied, assorted. 3
(mudable) changeable, variable.
P nm pl varios (algunos) some, several.
varita nf small stick. c o m p varita mgi
ca magic wand.
varn nm 1 (hombre) man; (chico) boy. 2
(sexo) male. V
 vasco
vasco,-a adj Basque.
P nm & nf (persona) Basque.
P nm vasco (idioma) Basque. c o m p Pas
Vasco Basque Country.
vasija nf vessel, pot, jar.
vaso nm 1 (para beber) glass. 2 (para flo-
res) vase. 3 anat vessel. c o m p vaso ca
pilar capillary. y vasos sanguneos
blood vessels.
vasto,-a adj vast, immense, huge.
vter nm fam toilet.
vatio nm watt.
vaya interj what a: vaya idea! what an idea!
vecindario nm 1 (lugar) neighbour-
hood (us neighborhood). 2 (vecinos)
neighbours pl ( us neighbors pl ),
community, residents pl.
vecino,-a adj nearby, next, neigh-
bouring (us neighboring).
P nm & nf 1 (del barrio) neighbour ( us
neighbor). 2 (residente) resident. 3 (ha-
bitante) inhabitant.
vegetacin nf vegetation.
P nf pl vegetaciones med adenoids.
vegetal adj vegetable.
P nm 1 vegetable, plant. 2 (persona)
vegetable.
vegetariano,-a adj vegetarian.
P nm & nf vegetarian.
vehculo nm 1 (gen) vehicle. 2 (coche)
car. 3 fig vehicle. 4 fig (enfermedades)
transmitter, carrier.
veinte adj (cardinal) twenty; (vigsimo)
twentieth.
P nm (nmero) twenty; (fecha) twentieth.
c o m p los aos veinte the twenties.
. Consulta tambin seis.
veinteavo,-a adj twentieth.
P nm & nf twentieth.
. Consulta tambin sexto.
veintena nf (exacto) twenty; (aproxima-
do) about twenty.
veinticinco adj (cardinal) twenty-five;
(ordinal) twenty-fifth.
P nm (nmero) twenty-five; (fecha)
twenty-fifth.
veinticuatro adj (cardinal) twenty-
four; (ordinal) twenty-fourth.
368
P nm (nmero) twenty-four; (fecha)
twenty-fourth.
veintids adj (cardinal) twenty-two;
(ordinal) twenty-second.
P nm (nmero) twenty-two; (fecha)
twenty-second.
veintinueve adj (cardinal) twenty-
nine; (ordinal) twenty-ninth.
P nm (nmero) twenty-nine; (fecha)
twenty-ninth.
veintiocho adj (cardinal) twenty-eight;
(ordinal) twenty-eighth.
P nm (nmero) twenty-eight; (fecha)
twenty-eighth.
veintisis adj (cardinal) twenty-six; (or-
dinal) twenty-sixth.
P nm (nmero) twenty-six; (fecha)
twenty-sixth.
veintisiete adj (cardinal) twenty-sev-
en; (ordinal) twenty-seventh.
P nm (nmero) twenty-seven; (fecha)
twenty-seventh.
veintitrs adj (cardinal) twenty-three;
(ordinal) twenty-third.
P nm (nmero) twenty-three; (fecha)
twenty-third.
veintin adj [se usa slo ante nombres en
masculino] twenty-one.
veintiuna nf pontoon, blackjack.
veintiuno,-a adj (cardinal) twenty-
one; (ordinal) twenty-first.
P nm (nmero) twenty-one; (fecha)
twenty-first.
vejar vt 1 (molestar) to vex, annoy. 2
(humillar) to humiliate.
vejez nf old age.
vejiga nf bladder.
vela1 nf 1 (vigilia) watch, vigil; (de muer-
to) wake. 2 (desvelo) wakefulness. 3
(candela) candle. l o c pasar la noche en
vela to have a sleepless night.
vela2 nf 1 (de barco) sail. 2 dep sailing. 3
fig (barco de vela) sailing ship.
velamen nm sails pl.
velar1 vi 1 (no dormir) to stay awake; (no
acostarse) to stay up. 2 fig (cuidar) to
watch (por, over), look (por, after):
velaron por l they looked after him.
 369
P vt (enfermo) to sit up with, watch
over; (muerto) to keep vigil over.
velar2 adj ling velar.
P vt 1 fig (cubrir) to hide, cover, veil. 2
(fotografa) to fog. 3 (pintura) to glaze.
P vpr velarse (fotografa) to become
fogged, get exposed.
velero,-a nm & nf (fabricante de velas)
sailmaker.
P nm velero sailing ship, sailing boat.
veleta nf (para el viento) weathercock,
weather vane.
P nm o nf fam fig (persona) fickle person.
vello nm 1 (de persona - pelusa) down; (-
en las piernas, etc) hair. 2 (de fruta, planta)
down, bloom.
velo nm 1 (gen) veil. 2 anat velum.
velocidad nf 1 (rapidez) speed, veloci-
ty. 2 auto (marcha) gear. c o m p veloci
dad de la luz speed of light. y velo
cidad de transmisin inform bit rate.
velocmetro nm speedometer.
veldromo nm cycle track, us velo-
drome.
veloz adj fast, quick, swift, rapid.
vena nf 1 anat vein. 2 (yacimiento) vein,
seam. 3 bot vein. 4 (en mrmol, etc)
vein, streak. 5 fig (disposicin) mood.
l o c tener vena de to have a gift
for: tiene vena de cantante he has a gift
for singing.
venado nm 1 zool stag, deer. 2 culin
venison.
vencedor,-ra adj winning.
P nm & nf 1 (equipo, etc) winner, victor.
vencejo nm (ave) swift.
vencer vt 1 dep to beat. 2 (exceder) to
outdo, surpass: la vence en belleza she
surpasses her in beauty. 3 (problema, etc)
to overcome, surmount. 4 (ser domi-
nado) to overcome: la venci el cansan
cio she was overcome by tiredness.
P vi 1 (ganar) to win. 2 (deuda, etc) to fall
due, be payable. 3 (plazo) to expire.
P vpr vencerse 1 (romperse) to break;
(doblarse) to bend, incline. 2 fig (repri-
mir) to control os.
venda nf bandage.
vendaje nm dressing.
ventajoso
vendar vt to bandage.
vendaval nm strong wind, gale.
vendedor,-ra adj selling.
P nm & nf 1 (gen) seller; (hombre) sales-
man; (mujer) saleswoman. 2 (depen-
diente) shop assistant.
vender vt 1 (gen) to sell. 2 fig (traicionar)
to betray.
P vpr venderse 1 (uso impersonal) to be
on sale, be sold: se vende en farmacias on
sale at your chemist's. 2 (dejarse sobornar)
to sell os. l o c Se vende For sale.
vendimia nf (cosecha) grape harvest.
veneno nm (qumica, vegetal) poison;
(animal) venom.
venenoso adj 1 poisonous, venom-
ous. 2 fig spiteful, venomous.
venezolano,-a adj Venezuelan.
P nm & nf Venezuelan.
Venezuela nf Venezuela.
venganza nf revenge, vengeance.
vengar vt to avenge.
P vpr vengarse to take revenge (de, on).
venir vi 1 (gen) to come: el mes que viene
next month. 2 (llegar) to arrive: vino tar
de he arrived late. 3 (proceder) to come
(de, from): viene de Pars it comes from
Paris. 4 (estar, aparecer) to be, come: las
explicaciones vienen en espaol the in-
structions are in Spanish. 5 (ser) to be:
eso te viene grande that's too big for you.
P aux 1 venir a + inf (aproximacin) to be
about; (alcanzar, llegar a) to arrive at;
(terminar por) to end up. 2 venir + ger
(accin durativa): lo vena avisando desde
hace tiempo he has been warning us
about it for a long time. 3 venir + pp (ser,
estar) to be: eso viene motivado por la in
flacin it's caused by inflation.
P vpr venirse to come back, go back.
venoso,-a adj 1 (sangre) venous. 2 (ma-
nos, etc) veined, veiny.
venta nf 1 (accin) sale, selling. 2 (hostal)
country inn; (restaurante) restaurant.
ventaja nf 1 (gen) advantage. 2 (prove-
cho) profit l o c llevar ventaja a algn to
have the advantage over sb.
ventajoso,-a adj 1 advantageous. 2
(beneficioso) profitable. V
 ventana
ventana nf 1 arquit window. 2 (de la
nariz) nostril.
ventanilla nf 1 (banco, coche, sobre, etc)
window. 2 (barco) porthole. 3 (de ta-
quilla) window, ticket window.
ventilacin nf ventilation.
ventilador nm ventilator, fan.
ventilar vt 1 (lugar) to air, ventilate. 2
(agitar al viento) to air. 3 fig (dar a conocer) to
air. 4 fig (discutir) to discuss, clear up.
P vpr ventilarse 1 (lugar) to be ventilat-
ed. 2 (objeto) to be aired. 3 fam (terminar)
to finish off: se ventil el pastel en un mi
nuto he finished off the cake in a minute.
ventisca nf snowstorm, blizzard.
ventoso,-a adj windy.
ver vt 1 (gen) to see: no te veo I can't see
you. 2 (mirar) to look (at). 3 (televisin) to
watch. 4 fig (entender) understand: no
veo por qu lo hizo I can't understand why
she did it. 5 (visitar) to visit, see: ven a ver
me come and see me. 6 jur to try, hear.
7 (parecer) to look: te veo triste you look
sad. l o c a ver let's see, let me see.
P nm 1 (vista) sight, vision. 2 (aparien-
cia) looks pl, appearance.
P vpr verse 1 (ser visto) to be seen: aqu
dentro no se ve nada you can't see a thing
in here. 2 (con algn) to meet, see each
other. 3 (en una situacin, etc) to find os,
be: se vio en un apuro he was in a fix. 4
(imaginarse) to imagine os.
veranear vi to spend the summer
(holiday) (en, in/at).
veraneo nm summer holiday. l o c ir
de veraneo to go on holiday.
veraniego,-a adj summer, summery.
verano nm summer.
veras l o c de veras really, seriously.
veraz adj
truthful, veracious.
verbal adj verbal, oral.
verbena nf 1 bot verbena. 2 (fiesta)
night party.
verbo nm verb.
verdad nf 1 truth, truthfulness: es ver
dad it's true. 2 (confirmacin): es bonita,
verdad? she's pretty, isn't she?
verdadero,-a adj true, real.
370
verde adj 1 (color) green. 2 (fruta) un-
ripe, green; (madera) unseasoned. 3
fig (persona) green, immature. 4 fam
(chiste) blue, dirty.
P nm 1 (color) green. 2 (hierba) grass. 3
pol green: los verdes the Greens.
verdugo nm 1 (persona) executioner. 2
(prenda) balaclava, balaclava helmet.
verdulera nf fig coarse woman, foul-
mouthed woman.
verdulera nf greengrocer's (shop).
verdulero,-a nm & nf greengrocer.
verdura nf 1 (hortaliza) vegetables pl,
greens pl. 2 (color) greenness, greenery.
vereda nf footpath, path.
veredicto nm verdict.
vergonzoso,-a adj 1 (acto) shameful,
shocking: un asunto vergonzoso a shock-
ing business. 2 (persona) bashful, shy.
vergenza nf 1 (deshonor, etc) shame,
sense of shame: sus palabras me dan ver
genza her words make me feel
ashamed. 2 (timidez) bashfulness, shy-
ness; (turbacin) embarrassment: me da
vergenza bailar I'm too shy to dance. 3
(escndalo) disgrace, shame: lo que han
hecho es una vergenza what they did is a
disgrace. l o c qu vergenza! it's a dis-
grace!, how disgraceful!
verdico,-a adj truthful, true.
verificar vt 1 (comprobar) to verify,
check. 2 (probar) to prove. 3 (efectuar)
to carry out, perform.
P vpr verificarse 1 (comprobarse) to
come true. 2 (efectuarse) to take place.
verja nf 1 (reja) grating, grille. 2 (cerca)
railing, railings pl . 3 (puerta) iron
gate.
verruga nf wart.
versin nf 1 (gen) version, account. 2
(traduccin) translation. 3 (adaptacin)
adaptation. l o c en versin original in
the original language.
verso nm 1 lit verse. 2 fam (poema) po-
em.
vrtebra nf vertebra.
vertebrado,-a adj vertebrate.
P nm pl los vertebrados the vertebrates.
vertebral adj vertebral, spinal.
 371
vertedero nm rubbish dump, rub-
bish tip.
verter vt 1 (lquido - voluntariamente) to
pour, pour out. 2 (derramar) to spill. 3
(vaciar) to empty, empty out. 4 (basu-
ra) to dump. 5 fig (conceptos, ideas, etc)
to express, voice.
vertical adj vertical: lo puso vertical she
put it upright.
P nf vertical, vertical line.
P nm vertical.
vrtice nm vertex.
vertiente nf 1 (gen) slope. 2 fig (aspecto)
angle.
vrtigo nm 1 med vertigo. 2 (mareo)
dizziness, giddiness: me da vrtigo it
makes me feel dizzy. 3 fig frenzy.
vescula nf vesicle. c o m p vescula biliar
gall bladder.
vestbulo nm 1 (de casa) hall, entrance.
2 (de hotel, etc) hall, lobby, vestibule,
foyer.
vestido,-a adj dressed: vestida de blanco
dressed in white.
P nm vestido 1 (indumentaria) clothes pl,
dress, costume. 2 (de mujer) dress; (de
hombre) suit.
vestigio nm vestige, trace, remains pl.
vestimenta nf clothes pl, garments pl.
vestir vt 1 (llevar) to wear, be dressed
in: vesta un vestido rojo she was wearing
a red dress. 2 (ayudar a vestirse) to dress;
(hacer vestidos) to make clothes for: la
visti su madre her mother dressed her. 3
(cubrir) to cover (de, with).
P vi 1 to dress: vestir de negro to dress in
black. 2 (ser elegante, lucir) to be classy,
look smart: esa falda viste mucho that
skirt is very classy.
P vpr vestirse 1 (uso reflexivo) to dress
os, get dressed. 2 (comprarse la ropa) to
buy one's clothes: se viste en Miln she
buys her clothes in Milan.
vestuario nm 1 (ropas) wardrobe,
clothes pl. 2 teat (ropa) wardrobe,
costumes pl; (camerino) dressing room.
3 dep changing room.
veta nf 1 (de mrmol, roca) seam, vein;
(de madera) streak. 2 fig streak.
vetar vt to veto, put a veto on.
vibrar
veterinario,-a adj veterinary.
P nm & nf veterinary surgeon, vet, us
veterinarian.
veto nm veto. l o c poner el veto a to
put a veto on, veto.
vez nf 1 time: fue la nica vez que la vi it
was the only time I saw her; una vez
once; dos veces twice; cuatro veces four
times. 2 (turno) turn; (ocasin) occasion.
l o c a veces sometimes. y otra vez
again.
va nf 1 (camino) road, way; (calle) street;
(carril) lane. 2 (de tren) track, line; (en la
estacin) platform: el tren de la va uno the
train at platform one. 3 anat passage,
canal, track. 4 fig (modo) way, manner,
means. 5 jur procedure. 6 (rumbo, direc-
cin) via, through: Barcelona-Singapur va
Frankfurt Barcelona-Singapore via Frank-
furt. l o c dar va libre a to leave the
way open for. y por va area 1 (gen) by
air. 2 (correo) airmail. c o m p transmisin
va satlite satellite transmission.
viajante nm commercial traveller (us
traveler), travelling (us traveling)
salesman.
viajar vi to travel: ha viajado por el mun
do entero she's travelled all over the
world.
viaje nm 1 (gen) journey, trip. 2 (en co-
che) drive, journey. 3 (travesa por mar)
voyage. 4 [se suele usar en plural] (con-
cepto de viajar) travel. 5 (carga) load. l o c
buen viaje! bon voyage!, have a
good trip! y estar de viaje to be away,
be away on a trip. c o m p viaje de ida y
vuelta return trip, us round trip.
viajero,-a adj travelling (us traveling).
P nm & nf 1 traveller (us traveler). 2
(en transporte pblico) passenger.
vbora nf viper.
vibracin nf 1 vibration. 2 ling roll-
ing, trilling.
vibrar vi 1 (gen) to vibrate; (pulsar) to
throb, pulsate: toda la ciudad vibraba de
actividad the whole city throbbed with
activity. 2 fig (conmoverse) to be moved,
be overcome with emotion: el cantan
te hizo vibrar al pblico the singer thrilled
the audience. 3 ling to roll, trill. V
 vibratorio
vibratorio,-a adj vibratory.
viciar vt 1 (corromper) to corrupt, lead
astray. 2 (aire) to pollute.
P vpr viciarse 1 (enviciarse) to take to
vice, become corrupted. 2 (objeto)
to go out of shape.
vicio nm 1 (corrupcin) vice, corruption.
2 (mala costumbre) bad habit; (inmorali-
dad) vice. 3 (del lenguaje) incorrect us-
age. 4 (defecto) defect.
vicioso,-a adj 1 (cosa) faulty, defec-
tive. 2 (persona) depraved, perverted.
P nm & nf depraved person.
vctima nf victim, casualty.
victoria nf victory, triumph. l o c can
tar victoria to proclaim a victory.
victorioso,-a adj victorious, trium-
phant.
vid nf grapevine, vine.
vida nf 1 (gen) life. 2 (viveza) liveliness. 3
(tiempo) lifetime, life. 4 (modo de vivir)
life, way of life. 5 (medios) living, live-
lihood. l o c darse la gran vida / pegarse
la gran vida / darse la vida padre fam to
live it up. y de por vida for life. y de to
da la vida lifelong: un amigo de toda la vi
da a lifelong friend. y estar con vida / es
tar sin vida to be alive / be dead. y
ganarse la vida to earn one's living.
y quitarle la vida a algn to take sb's life.
c o m p vida familiar family life.
vdeo nm (aparato) video, video re-
corder; (cinta) video, video tape.
videoconferencia nf videoconference.
videoclip nm video, pop video.
videoclub nm video club.
videojuego nm video game.
vidriera nf 1 (ventana) picture win-
dow. 2 (puerta) glass door. 3 (de balcn,
galera) French window. 4 (vitral)
stained-glass window. 5 (escaparate)
shop window.
vidriero,-a nm & nf 1 (fabricante) glass-
maker. 2 (colocador) glazier.
vidrio nm (material) glass.
viejo,-a adj 1 (gen) old: un coche viejo an
old car. 2 (desgastado) old, worn-out. 3
(antiguo) old, ancient.
372
P nm & nf (hombre) old man; (mujer) old
woman. l o c hacerse viejo,-a to grow
old.
viento nm 1 (gen) wind. 2 (rumbo) direc-
tion. 3 (de caza) scent. 4 (cuerda) rope,
guy. 5 fam (flatulencia) wind, flatu-
lence. l o c contra viento y marea fig
come hell or high water. y hacer
viento / soplar viento to be windy. y ir
viento en popa 1 mar to sail before
the wind. 2 fig to do very well.
vientre nm 1 anat belly, abdomen. 2
(vsceras) bowels pl. 3 (de embarazada)
womb.
viernes nm inv Friday. c o m p Viernes
Santo Good Friday.
. Consulta tambin jueves.
Vietnam nm Vietnam.
vietnamita adj Vietnamese.
P nm& nf (persona) Vietnamese.
P nmvietnamita (idioma) Vietnamese.
viga nf 1 (de madera) beam, rafter. 2 (de
acero, etc) girder.
vigsimo,-a adj twentieth: vigsimo
primero twenty-first.
P nm & nf twentieth.
. Consulta tambin sexto,-a.
viga nm o nf lookout.
vigilante adj 1 (que vigila) vigilant,
watchful. 2 (alerta) alert.
Pnm o nf (hombre) guard, watchman;
(mujer) guard. c o m p vigilante nocturno
night watchman.
vigilar vt 1 (cuidar) to watch (over),
look after: vigila al nio look after the
baby. 2 (con armas, etc) to guard. 3 (su-
pervisar) to oversee. 4 (estar atento) to
keep an eye on, take care of: vigila la
puerta, que no entre nadie keep an eye on
the door and see nobody gets in.
P vi (gen) to keep watch.
vigor nm 1 (fuerza) vigour (us vigor),
strength. 2 (validez) force, effect. l o c
en vigor in force.
vigoroso,-a adj vigorous, strong.
VIH abrev med (virus de inmunodeficien-
cia humana) Human Immune Defi-
ciency Virus; (abreviatura) HIV.
 373
vil adj vile, base, despicable.
vileza nf 1 (cualidad) vileness, baseness.
2 (acto) vile act, despicable deed.
villa nf 1 (casa) villa, country house. 2
(pueblo) small town; (ciudad) town.
villancico nm carol, Christmas carol.
villano,-a nm & nf 1 hist villein, serf.
2 fig (persona ruin) villain.
vinagre nm 1 vinegar. 2 fig sourpuss.
vinculacin nf 1 (accin) linking, bind-
ing. 2 (vnculo) link, bond.
vincular vt 1 (unir) to link (a, to), bind
(a, to). 2 (relacionar) to relate (con, to),
connect (con, with), link (con, with).
3 jur to entail.
P vpr vincularse to link os (a, to).
vnculo nm 1 tie, bond, link. 2 fig link.
vincola adj wine-producing.
vinicultor,-ra nm & nf wine producer.
vinicultura nf wine production,
wine growing.
vino nm wine. c o m p vino blanco white
wine. y vino tinto red wine.
via nf vineyard.
viedo nm vineyard.
vieta nf 1 (en impresin) vignette. 2 (di-
bujo humorstico) cartoon.
viola nf viola.
violceo,-a adj violaceous, violet.
violencia nf 1 (fuerza) violence. 2 (em-
barazo) embarrassment. 3 (situacin
embarazosa) embarrassing situation.
4 (violacin) rape.
violentar vt 1 (forzar algo) to force,
break open. 2 (obligar a alguien) to
force, use force on. 3 fig (entrar) to
break into, enter by force.
P vpr violentarse 1 fig (molestarse) to get
annoyed. 2 fig (avergonzarse) to feel
ashamed.
violento,-a adj 1 (gen) violent. 2 (molesto)
embarrassed, awkward, ill at ease.
violeta adj (color) violet.
P nm (color) violet.
P nf bot violet.
violn nm violin.
violinista nm o nf violinist.
violn nm double bass.
violoncelista nm o nf cellist.
visin
violoncelo nm cello.
violonchelista nm o nf cellist.
violonchelo nm cello.
viraje nm 1 (curva) turn, bend. 2 (en coche)
turn. 3 mar tack. 4 (fotografa) toning.
viral adj viral.
virar vi 1 mar to tack, put about. 2
auto to turn round.
virgen adj 1 (persona) virgin. 2 (puro)
virgin, pure.
P nm o nf virgin. c o m p la Santsima Vir
gen the Blessed Virgin.
vrico,-a adj viral.
virtual adj virtual.
virtud nf 1 (cualidad) virtue. 2 (propie-
dad, eficacia) property, quality: con vir
tudes curativas with medicinal proper-
ties. l o c en virtud de by virtue of.
virtuosismo nm virtuosity.
virtuoso,-a adj virtuous.
P nm & nf virtuous person.
viruela nf 1 med smallpox. 2 (marca)
pockmark. l o c picado,-a de viruelas
pockmarked.
virulencia nf virulence.
virulento,-a adj virulent.
virus nm inv virus.
viruta nf shaving.
visado,-a adj endorsed with a visa.
P nm visado visa.
visar vt 1 (pasaporte) to endorse with a
visa. 2 (documento) to endorse, ap-
prove.
vscera nf internal organ.
P nf pl vsceras viscera, entrails.
visceral adj 1 visceral. 2 fig profound,
deep-rooted.
viscosa nf viscose.
viscoso,-a adj viscous.
visera nf 1 (de gorra) peak; (de casco) vi-
sor. 2 (suelta) eyeshade. 3 auto sun
visor.
visibilidad nf visibility.
visigodo,-a nm & nf Visigoth.
visillo nm small lace curtain.
visin nf 1 (accin) vision. 2 (vista) sight.
3 (ilusin) vision. 4 fig (persona fea)
V
 visita
fright, sight. l o c ver visiones to
dream, see things.
visita nf 1 (accin) visit. 2 (invitado) visitor,
guest; (invitados) visitors pl, guests pl.
l o c estar de visita en to be visiting.
c o m p horas de visita med surgery hours.
visitante nm o nf visitor.
visitar vt 1 (ir a ver a alguien) to visit,
pay a visit to, call on, go and see:
vamos a ver a la abuela let's go and visit
grandma. 2 (lugar) to visit, see. 3 (ins-
peccionar) to inspect, visit, examine.
vislumbrar vt 1 (ver) to glimpse, catch
a glimpse of, make out. 2 fig (conjetu-
rar) to begin to see: vislumbraron una
solucin al problema they began to see a
solution to the problem.
viso nm 1 (reflejo) sheen, shimmer. 2
(ropa interior) underskirt. 3 fig (aparien-
cia) appearance. l o c tener visos de to
seem, appear.
visn nm mink.
visor nm 1 (de arma) sight. 2 (de mquina
fotogrfica) viewfinder.
vspera nf 1 (da anterior) day before. 2
(de fiesta) eve.
P nf pl vsperas rel vespers.
vista nf 1 (visin) sight, vision. 2 (ojo) eye,
eyes pl. 3 (panorama) view. 4 (aspecto)
appearance, aspect, look. 5 (dibujo,
cuadro, foto) view. 6 (intencin) intention.
7 (propsito) outlook, prospect. 8 jur
trial, hearing.
P nf pl vistas view sing: la habitacin tiene
vistas al mar the room has a view of the
sea. l o c a primera vista / a simple vista
at first sight: a primera vista pareca ms
complicado at first sight it looked more
complicated. y con vistas a 1 (hacia)
overlooking. 2 (pensando en) with a
view to, in anticipation of. y en vista
de in view of, considering. y hacer la
vista gorda fam to turn a blind eye. y
ser corto,-a de vista to be short-sight-
ed. y tener vista de lince fig to be ea-
gle-eyed, have eyes like a hawk.
vistazo nm glance. l o c dar un vistazo a
algo / echar un vistazo a algo 1 (mirar) to
have a look at sth. 2 (vigilar) to keep
an eye on.
374
visto,-a adj 1 (anticuado) old-fashioned.
2 (dado) in view of, considering. 3 (co-
rriente) common. 4 (ladrillo, viga, obra) ex-
posed. 5 jur (dictaminado): el caso est visto
para sentencia the case has been heard and
a verdict may be decided upon.
P nm visto approval. l o c dar el visto
bueno a algo to approve sth , O.K.
sth . y estar bien visto,-a to be well
looked upon, be considered accept-
able. y por lo visto apparently. y visto
que in view of the fact that,
given that, seeing that
vistoso,-a adj 1 (llamativo) showy,
flashy. 2 (colorido) bright, colourful
(us colorful).
visual adj visual.
P nf (lnea) line of vision, line of
sight.
visualizacin nf display.
visualizar vt 1 to visualize. 2 inform
to display.
vital adj 1 (de la vida) vital. 2 fig (esencial)
essential, vital.
vitalicio,-a adj life, for life: un cargo vi
talicio a post held for life.
vitalidad nf vitality.
vitalizar vt to vitalize.
vitamina nf vitamin.
vitcola adj wine-growing, wine-pro-
ducing, viticultural.
viticultor,-ra nm & nf wine grower,
viticulturist.
viticultura nf wine-growing, viticul-
ture.
vitorear vt (aclamar) to cheer, acclaim.
vitral nm stained-glass window.
vtreo,-a adj vitreous.
vitrina nf 1 (armario) glass cabinet, dis-
play cabinet. 2 (de exposicin) glass
case, showcase. 3 (escaparate) shop
window.
vitro loc in vitro in vitro. c o m p fecunda
cin in vitro in vitro fertilization.
vitrocermica c o m p encimera vitroce
rmica ceramic hob.
vitualla nf [generalmente se usa en plural]
provisions pl, food.
 375
viudedad nf 1 (estado) widowhood. 2
(pensin - hombre) widower's pension;
(- mujer) widow's pension.
viudez nf widowhood.
viudo,-a adj widowed.
P nm & nf (hombre) widower; (mujer)
widow.
viva nm cheer, shout.
vivaz adj 1 (vivo) vivacious, lively. 2
(perspicaz) sharp, quick-witted.
vveres nm pl food sing, provisions,
supplies.
vivero nm 1 (de plantas) nursery. 2 (de
peces) fish farm, fish hatchery; (de mo-
luscos) bed.
viveza nf 1 (persona) liveliness, vivaci-
ty. 2 (color, relato) vividness. 3 (al hablar)
vehemence. 4 (agudeza) sharpness,
quick-wittedness.
vivienda nf 1 (gen) housing, accommo-
dation. 2 (morada) dwelling. 3 (casa)
house. 4 (departamento) flat, us apart-
ment.
vivir vi 1 (tener vida) to live; (estar vivo) to
be alive: vivi hasta los ochenta aos he
lived to the age of eighty. 2 (habitar) to
live: vive en Barcelona she lives in Barce-
lona. 3 (mantenerse) to live, live on,
make a living: ese trabajo no le da para
vivir he can't live on what that job pays.
4 fig (durar) to last, live on.
P vt (pasar por, experimentar) to live
through, go through, experience: mi
abuelo vivi la guerra my grandfather
lived through the war.
vivo,-a adj 1 (que tiene vida) living; (que
est) alive: materia viva living matter; Pe
pe est vivo Pepe is alive. 2 (fuego, llama)
live, burning. 3 (lengua) living. 4 fig
(color, etc) bright, vivid. 5 fig (animado)
lively, vivacious. 6 fig (dolor, emocin,
etc) acute, deep, intense. 7 fig (descrip-
cin, etc) lively, graphic. 8 fig (carcter)
quick, irritable. 9 fig (listo) quick-wit-
ted. 10 fig (astuto) shrewd, sly. 11 fig
(llaga, herida) open. l o c en vivo tv live.
P nm & nf 1 living person: los vivos the
living. 2 fam fig (astuto) quick-witted
person.
vocablo nm word, term.
voleibol
vocabulario nm vocabulary.
vocacin nf vocation, calling.
vocacional adj vocational.
vocal adj vocal.
P nf vowel.
P nm o nf (de junta, etc) member.
vocativo nm vocative.
vocear vi (dar voces) to shout, cry out.
P vt 1 (divulgar) to publish. 2 (gritar) to
shout, cry out. 3 (divulgar) to publish,
proclaim. 4 (aclamar) to cheer, ac-
claim.
vocero,-a nm & nf (gen) spokesperson;
(hombre) spokesman; (mujer) spokes-
woman.
voladizo,-a adj projecting, jutting
out.
P nm voladizo projection.
volador,-ra adj flying.
volante adj (que vuela) flying.
P nm 1 cost flounce; (adorno) frill, ruf-
fle. 2 auto steering wheel. 3 tc fly-
wheel.
volar vi 1 (ir por el aire) to fly. 2 fig (pape-
les, etc) to be blown away. 3 fig (ir de-
prisa) to fly: el tiempo vuela time flies. 4
fam fig (desaparecer) to disappear, van-
ish. 5 fig (sobresalir de un edificio) to jut
out, project. 6 fig (noticia, etc) to
spread rapidly.
P vt 1 fig (hacer explotar - edificio) to blow
up, demolish; (- caja fuerte) to blow
open; (- en minera) to blast. 2 fig (en im-
presin) to raise. 3 (en caza) to flush.
P vpr volarse (papeles, etc) to be blown
away. l o c echarse a volar to fly
away, fly off.
volcn nm volcano.
volcnico,-a adj volcanic.
volcar vi 1 (coche, etc) to turn over,
overturn. 2 mar to capsize.
P vt 1 (gen) to turn over, knock over,
upset. 2 (vaciar) to empty out, pour
out. 3 fig (hacer cambiar de parecer) to
make change one's mind.
P vpr volcarse fig (entregarse) to do
one's utmost.
volear vt to volley.
voleibol nm volleyball. V
 voleo
voleo nm dep volley. l o c a voleo / al vo
leo fig at random, haphazardly.
volquete nm dumper-truck.
voltaje nm voltage.
voltear vt 1 (dar vueltas) to whirl, twirl.
2 (poner al revs) to turn over, toss. 3
(campanas) to peal, ring out. 4 (a una
persona) to toss up in the air.
voltereta nf somersault. l o c dar vol
teretas to do somersaults.
voltmetro nm voltmeter.
voltio nm volt.
voluble adj changeable, fickle.
volumen nm 1 (gen) volume. 2 (tamao)
size. c o m p volumen de negocios turn-
over.
voluminoso,-a adj 1 voluminous. 2
(enorme) bulky, massive.
voluntad nf 1 (cualidad) will. 2 (fuerza de
voluntad) willpower: tiene mucha volun
tad she's very strong-willed. 3 (deseo)
wish. 4 (propsito) intention, purpose:
tiene buena voluntad her intentions are
good. 5 (afecto) affection. l o c a volun
tad at will. y buena voluntad good-
will. c o m p voluntad de hierro / volun
tad frrea will of iron, iron will.
voluntariado nm 1 mil voluntary en-
listment. 2 (civil) group of volun-
teers.
voluntario,-a adj voluntary.
P nm & nf volunteer.
voluntarioso,-a adj (con voluntad) will-
ing.
voluta nf 1 arquit volute, scroll. 2 (es-
piral) spiral, column. 3 (de humo) ring.
volver vt 1 (dar vuelta a) to turn, turn
over; (hacia abajo) to turn upside
down; (de dentro afuera) to turn inside
out; (lo de atrs hacia delante) to turn
back to front: volver la tortilla to turn the
omelette. 2 (convertir) to turn, make,
change: el dinero ha vuelto tonto a Paco
money has made Paco foolish. 3 (devol-
ver) to give back; (a su lugar) to put
back.
P vi 1 (regresar) to return; (ir) to go
back; (venir) to come back: vuelve
cuando quieras come back whenever you
want. 2 (a un tema, etc) to return, re-
376
vert. 3 volver a (hacer otra vez) to do
again: volver a leer to read again. l o c
volver a las andadas to fall back into
one's old habits. y volver del revs to
turn inside out. y volver en s to re-
gain consciousness, come round. y
P vpr volverse 1 (regresar - ir) to go
back; (- venir) to come back. 2 (darse
la vuelta) to turn. 3 (convertirse) to
turn, become. l o c volverse atrs fig
to go back on one's word, back
out. y volverse en contra de algn to
turn against sb.
vomitar vt 1 to vomit, bring up. 2 fig
to belch, spew out.
P vi to be sick, vomit: tengo ganas de
vomitar I feel sick.
vmito nm 1 (resultado) vomit. 2 (accin)
vomiting.
voracidad nf voracity, voracious-
ness.
vorgine nf vortex, whirlpool.
voraz adj 1 voracious. 2 fig fierce, rag-
ing.
vrtice nf 1 vortex, whirlpool. 2 (de
cicln) centre (us center) of a cyclone.
vos pron 1 arc (usted) thou, you. 2 am
(t) you.
vosotros,-as pron (sujeto) you; (objeto)
you, yourselves: con vosotros with
you; entre vosotras among yourselves;
cmo lo sabis vosotros? how do you
know?
votacin nf 1 (voto) vote, ballot. 2 (acto)
vote, voting. l o c someter algo a vota
cin to put sth to the vote, take a
ballot on sth. c o m p votacin a mano
alzada voting by a show of hands.
votante nm o nf voter.
votar vi (dar el voto) to vote.
P vt (proponer para aprobar) to pass.
voto nm 1 (gen) vote: tres votos a favor
three votes for. 2 rel vow. 3 (deseo)
wish. 4 (blasfemia) curse, oath. c o m p
derecho al voto the right to vote. y vo
to de censura vote of no confidence.
y voto de confianza vote of confi-
dence.
voz nf 1 (sonido) voice. 2 (grito) shout. 3
(vocablo, palabra) word. 4 gram voice:
 377
voz activa active voice. 5 ms (de instru-
mento) tone; (cantante) voice: cancin a
tres voces three-part song. 6 fig (rumor)
rumour (us rumor). 7 fig (en asamblea
- facultad de hablar) voice, say; (- voto)
vote. l o c alzar la voz / levantar la voz
to raise one's voice. y dar voces to
shout. y en voz alta aloud. y en voz ba
ja in a low voice. y tener voz y voto 1
fam to have a say. 2 fml to be a vot-
ing member.
vuelco nm 1 (gen) tumble, upset. 2
(barco) capsizing. 3 fig change. l o c
dar un vuelco 1 (coche) to overturn. 2
(empresa) to go to ruin. y me dio un
vuelco el corazn my heart missed a
beat.
vuelo nm 1 (acto, espacio, etc) flight. 2 (ac-
cin) flying. 3 arquit (voladizo) projec-
tion. l o c al vuelo in flight. y alzar el
vuelo / emprender el vuelo / levantar el
vuelo to take flight. y cazarlas al vuelo
/ agarrarlas al vuelo fig to be quick on
the uptake. c o m p vuelo chrter / vuelo
regular charter flight / scheduled
flight.
vuelta nf 1 (giro) turn. 2 (en un circuito)
lap, circuit. 3 (paseo) walk, stroll: va
mos a dar una vuelta let's go for a walk. 4
(regreso, retorno) return; (viaje de regreso)
return journey, journey back: a la
vuelta de las vacaciones after the holidays.
5 (dinero de cambio) change: qudese con
la vuelta keep the change. 6 (curva)
bend, curve. 7 (reverso) back, reverse.
8 (de torneo, etc) round. 9 (cambio)
change, alteration. 10 cost (de panta-
ln) turn-up; (forro) lining. 11 (al hacer
punto) row. l o c a vuelta de correo by
return of post. y dar la vuelta a 1 (alre-
dedor) to go round. 2 (girar) to turn
(round). 3 (de arriba abajo) to turn up-
side down. 4 (de dentro a fuera) to turn
inside out. 5 (cambiar de lado) to turn
over. y dar la vuelta al mundo to go
round the world. y dar vueltas a algo
vulnerar
fig to worry about sth: no lo des ms
vueltas! don't worry about it! y dar me
dia vuelta to turn round. y estar de
vuelta de todo to have seen it all be-
fore. y hasta la vuelta! see you when
I get back! c o m p la vuelta al colegio 1
(en publicidad) Back to school. 2 (pri-
mer da) first day back at school.
vuelto,-a adj (cuello) roll: jersey de cuello
vuelto roll-neck sweater.
vuestro,-a adj your, of yours: vuestra
casa your house; un amigo vuestro a
friend of yours.
P pron yours: stas son las vuestras these
are yours.
P nm lo vuestro what is yours, what
belongs to you.
vulgar adj 1 (grosero) vulgar, coarse,
common: lenguaje vulgar coarse lan-
guage. 2 (general) common, general. 3
(banal) banal, ordinary; (idea) com-
monplace. 4 (no tcnico) lay: trmino
vulgar lay term.
vulgaridad nf 1 (grosera) vulgarity,
coarseness. 2 (banalidad) banality,
triviality.
vulgarismo nm vulgarism.
vulgarizacin nf vulgarization, pop-
ularization.
vulgarizar vt 1 (popularizar) to popu-
larize, vulgarize. 2 (hacer vulgar) to
make common.
P vpr vulgarizarse (popular) to become
popular, become common; (grosero)
to become vulgar, become com-
mon.
vulgo nm pey common people pl ,
masses pl.
vulnerable adj vulnerable.
vulneracin nf 1 (gen) violation. 2 fig
(reputacin) damaging, harming.
vulnerar vt 1 (ley, etc) to violate. 2 fig (ho-
nor, etc) to damage, harm.
V
 W
W, w nf (la letra) W, w.
W sm (vatio) watt; (smbolo) W.
wter nm fam toilet.
waterpolo nm water polo.
watt nm watt.
. Consulta tambin vatio.
378
web nf website.
whisky nm whisky; (irlands) whiskey.
comp whisky escocs Scotch, Scotch
whisky.
windsurfing nm windsurfing.
wolframio nm wolfram.
 X
379

X, x nf (la letra) X, x. xerocopia nf Xerox, photocopy.

xenofobia nf xenophobia. xerografa nf xerography.
xenfobo,-a adj xenophobic. xilfono nm xylophone.
P nm & nf xenophobe. xilografa nf xylography.
 Y
380

Y, y nf (la letra) Y, y. yarda nf yard.

y conj 1 and: Alberto y Mara Alberto and yate nm yacht.
Mara. 2 (hora) past: son las tres y cuarto its yedra nf ivy.
a quarter past three. 3 (en pregunta) what yegua nf mare.
about: y Pepe, se viene? what about Pepe, yesmo nm pronunciation of ll as y.
is he coming? 4 (repeticin) after: veces y
yema nf 1 (de huevo) yolk. 2 bot bud. 3
veces time after time, time and time again.
l o c y eso que even though. y y (qu)?
(del dedo) fingertip. c o m p yema de hue
vo egg yolk.
so (what)? y y si ? what if ? y y
tanto! you bet!, and how! Yemen nm Yemen.
yemen adj Yemeni.
. Consulta tambin e. P nm o nf Yemeni.
ya adv 1 already: esa pelcula ya la he visto yerba nf hierba.
Ive already seen that film. 2 (ms tarde) yermo ,-a adj 1 (estril) barren. 2 (despo-
later: ya lo har Ill do it later. 3 (ahora mis- blado) deserted, uninhabited.
mo) at once, right now, straightaway: yerno nm son-in-law.
tienes que mandarlo ya you must send it at
yesca nf tinder.
once. 4 (ahora) now: ya estn viviendo en
el departamento nuevo theyre living in the
yeso nm 1 (mineral) gypsum. 2 (para la
new flat now. 5 (uso enftico): ya lo s I construccin) plaster. 3 (tiza) chalk. 4 (es-
know that; es facilsimo, ya vers its dead cultura) plaster cast.
easy, youll see. 6 (denota satisfaccin): ya yeyuno nm jejunum.
tenemos coche nuevo! weve got the new yihad nf jihad.
car! 7 (con tono amenazante): ya vers ya! yo pron I: el jefe soy yo Im the boss; soy yo
just you wait! 8 (con indignacin): ya est its me; entre t y yo between you and
bien! enough is enough! 9 (para tranquili- me; yo en tu lugar if I were you; yo
zar): ya encontrars trabajo, ya vers como s que t if I were you
youll find a job, youll see. 10 (para afir- P nm el yo the ego, the self.
mar) I know, yes: tienes que estudiar ya, yodo nm iodine.
pero you have to study I know, but yogur nm yoghurt.
l o c ya est! there we are!, all done! y
P pl yogures.
ya que since, seeing that: ya que ests
yogurt nm yoghurt.
aqu, qudate a cenar seeing that youre
P pl yogurts.
here, why dont you stay for supper?
P interj irn oh yes!
yquey nm jockey.
yacer vi 1 (estar enterrado) to lie. 2 fml yugo nm yoke.
(hallarse) to lie. 3 lit (dormir) to be ly- yugular adj jugular.
ing; (acostarse) to lie (con, with): Aqu P nf jugular vein.

yace Here lies yunque nm anvil.

yacimiento nm bed, deposit. c o m p ya yunta nf team of oxen, yoke.
cimiento petrolfero oilfield. yuxtaposicin nf juxtaposition.

381
Z, z nf (la letra) Z, z.
zafarrancho nm 1 mil clearing for ac-
tion. 2 (jaleo) commotion. 3 (desorden)
mess.
zafarse vpr to get away (de, from),
free os (de, from), escape (de, from):
logr zafarse de la polica he managed to
get away from the police.
zafiro nm sapphire.
zaga nf 1 rear. 2 (en deporte) defence (us
defense). l o c a la zaga behind. y no
irle a la zaga a algn not to lag behind
sb: es muy travieso, pero su hermano no le
va a la zaga hes really naughty, but his
brothers every bit as bad.
zagal,-la nm & nf 1 (muchacho) lad; (mu-
chacha) lass. 2 (pastor) shepherd; (pasto-
ra) shepherdess.
zagun nm hall, hallway.
zaherir vt 1 to wound, hurt. 2 (senti-
mientos) to hurt.
Zaire nm Zaire.
zaireo,-a adj Zairean.
P nm & nf Zairean.
zalamero,-a adj charming, winning.
P nm & nf charmer. l o c ponerse
zalamero,-a to turn on the charm.
zamarra nf sheepskin jacket.
Zambia nf Zambia.
zambiano,-a adj Zambian.
P nm & nf Zambian.
zambo,-a adj knock-kneed.
P nm (mono) spider monkey.
zambullida nf plunge, dive. l o c darse
una zambullida to take a dip.
zambullir vt to plunge.
zampar vi fam to stuff oneself.
zampoa nf panpipes.
zanahoria nf carrot.
Z
zanca nf (de pjaro) leg; (de persona) long
leg.
zancada nf stride. loc en dos zancadas
in two shakes.
zancadilla nf 1 trip. 2 fam (engao)
ruse, trick. l o c ponerle la zancadilla a
algn to trip sb up.
zanco nm stilt.
zancudo,-a adj 1 long-legged. 2 (ave)
wading. c o m p aves zancudas waders,
wading birds.
P nm zancudo am mosquito.
zngano,-a nm & nf fam (persona) loafer.
P nm (insecto) drone.
zanja nf trench. l o c abrir una zanja to
dig a trench.
zanjar vt fig (asunto) to settle.
zapata nf 1 (arandela) washer. 2 tc
shoe. 3 (de cmara fotogrfica) hot shoe.
c o m p zapata de freno brake shoe.
zapatear vi (bailar) to stamp ones feet
rhythmically.
zapateo nm rhythmic stamping.
zapatera nf 1 (tienda) shoe shop. 2 (ta-
ller de reparacin) shoe repairers, cob-
blers; (taller de fabricacin) shoemak-
ers. 3 (oficio) shoemaking.
zapatero,-a nm & nf 1 (que arregla)
shoe repairer, cobbler. 2 (que fabrica)
shoemaker. 3 (que vende) shoe seller.
c o m p zapatero remendn cobbler.
zapatilla nf 1 (de estar en casa) slipper. 2
(de loneta) plimsoll. c o m p zapatilla de
ballet ballet shoe. y zapatilla de de
porte trainer, running shoe.
zapato nm shoe. c o m p zapatos de tacn
high-heeled shoes.
zar nm tsar, czar.
 zarabanda
zarabanda nf 1 ms saraband. 2 fam
(jaleo) bustle, confusion.
zarandear vt 1 (sacudir) to shake; (em-
pujar) to jostle, knock about. 2 (cribar)
to sieve.
zarandeo nm 1 (sacudida) shaking; (em-
pujones) jostling about. 2 (criba) siev-
ing. 3 (contoneo) swaggering, strutting.
zarcillo nm 1 (pendiente) earring. 2 bot
tendril.
zarigeya nf opossum.
zarina nf tsarina, czarina.
zarpa nf claw, paw. l o c echarle la zar
pa a algo 1 (animal) to pounce on sth.
2 (persona) to grab sth.
zarpar vi to weigh anchor, set sail.
zarza nf bramble, blackberry bush.
zarzal nm bramble patch.
zarzamora nf (zarza) blackberry bush;
(fruto) blackberry.
zarzuela nf 1 ms zarzuela, Spanish
operetta. 2 culin fish stew.
zenit nm zenith.
zeta nf (letra) zed, us zee.
P nm argot police car.
Zimbabwe nm Zimbabwe.
zimbabwense adj Zimbabwean.
P nm o nf Zimbabwean.
zinc nm zinc.
zcalo nm 1 (de habitacin) skirting
board; (de edificio) plinth course,
plinth. 2 (pedestal) plinth, socle.
zodiaco nm zodiac.
zona nf 1 area. 2 (fronteriza, militar) zone.
P nm med (herpes) shingles. c o m p zona
azul parking meter zone. y zona edi
ficada built-up area. y zona fronteriza
border zone. y zona glacial frigid
382
zone. y zona templada temperate
zone. y zona trrida torrid zone. y zo
na verde green zone.
zoologa nf zoology.
zoolgico,-a adj zoological.
P nm zoo.
zologo,-a nm & nf zoologist.
zorra nf 1 (animal) vixen. 2 tab (mujer)
bitch.
zorro,-a adj (astuto) cunning, sly.
P nm zorro 1 (animal) fox; (macho) dog
fox, fox. 2 (piel) fox-fur, fox-skin. 3
(persona) old fox. c o m p zorro viejo sly
old fox.
P nm pl zorros (para el polvo) duster sing.
zorzal nm (ave) thrush.
zozobrar vi 1 (barco) to sink, capsize. 2
(persona) to worry, be anxious. 3 (pro-
yecto) to fail, be ruined.
zueco nm clog.
zulo nm hide-out.
zumbar vi (abejorro, odos) to buzz: me
zumban los odos my ears are buzzing.
P vt fam (pegar) to thrash.
zumo nm juice: zumo de naranja orange
juice.
zurcir vt to darn, mend.
zurdo,-a adj (persona) left-handed; (ma-
no) left.
P nm & nf left-hander, left-handed
person.
P nf (mano) left hand: un golpe con la zur
da a left-handed blow.
zurra nf fam thrashing.
zurrar vt 1 fam to thrash. 2 fam (cuero)
to tan.
zurrn nm shepherds pouch, shep-
herds bag.