IAETSD Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 1, Jan-June /2017

ISSN (Online): 2394-8442

INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR WITH PATIENT MONITORING

SYSTEM
B.Banu, S. Merlin
Department of ECE, velammal institute of technology
panchetti, Tamilnadu
banu061196@gmail.com

ABSTRACT.

Intelligent Wheel Chair is a wiser solution for those people with lower limb impairment to be more independent in
doing their day to day activities. The intelligent wheelchair is equipped with a healthcare monitoring system, which regularly
monitors the 9 vital sciences. When any abnormality is detected it intimate the caretaker and also to the concerned doctor by
sending a message or by calling directly. In addition, it also has an on-board obstacle detection system which stops the wheel chair
automatically when an obstacle is detected, even if the patient fails to apply brakes. This makes the paralyzed person move more
independently in and around the house without the assistance of the second person. The person can also remotely operate his
wheelchair using a smart phone which makes them feel as a normal person.

Keywordscomponent; formatting; style; styling; insert (key words)

I. INTRODUCTION
The previous work focussed over wheelchair movement by flex sensor [1] and intelligent wheelchair, which directs an automatic call to the doctor
when patient press the assigned button in their emergency [2]. The previous work drawbacks are overcome in the proposed work. Njah M et al.
proposed an electric wheelchair with ultrasonic sensor and fuzzy controller. For obstacle avoidance the ultrasonic sensor is used and the fuzzy
controller acts a velocity generation for the movement of wheelchairs [3]. Gonzales R.A et al. designed a wheelchair based on the autonomous
movement robot [4]. The sensors and GPS system used to move the wheelchair to its destination place. Widyotriatmo A et al. implemented a
dynamic controlled wheelchair. The required velocity commands (both right and left wheels) are controlled by the automatic wheelchair.

From both wheels the velocity feedback is encoded with the help of PID (proportional-integral- derivative) control algorithm [5]. Rabhi et al.
designed a inverse of standard joystick which uses a neural joystick to control the wheelchair. The system is used to control the devices and DC
motor of wheelchair [6]. Songmin Jia et al. proposed a wheelchair based on omni-directional wheels with seat pressure sensor. The wheelchair can
control by both automatic and manual modes of operation [7]. The conventional joystick device is used in manual control mode of operation and
based on weight shift measurement values with fuzzy controller the automatic control mode of operation takes place. Nguyen Kim-Tien et al.
Developed many possible ways to control the electrically powered wheelchair [8]. The Electrooculogram (EOG) and Electromyogram (EMG) signal
was implemented with bio signal recognition to control the wheelchair. The severe disabilities can direct the wheelchair without using the hands.

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM

A. Introduction

There are specially-abled people throughout India. A major chunk of this population is physically disabled. Independent mobility of such people
becomes more critical. Paralysis person always needs a second person to get their wheelchair to move in and around the home, and they always need
an assistant to engage them in their day to day activities. They always need someone to be with them, which make them more dependent and they
lose their freedom of living. The Intelligent Wheel Chair is the best solution which turns to be really helpful for people with lower limb impairment
to live independent lives.

To Cite This Article: B.Banu and S. Merlin,. INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR WITH PATIENT
MONITORING SYSTEM. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 7-12
8. B.Banu and S. Merlin,. INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR WITH PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM. Journal for Advanced
Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 7-12

For instance, a person is resting in a place his wheel chair is placed a few meters away from him, and if he needs to access the wheelchair, a help
is required for a second person. The dependency on a second person can be avoided by the use of this intelligent wheelchair which can be controlled
using a smart phone or a tablet using an application on it through IOT.

This system also has a patient monitoring system which detects 9 vital sciences, and alerts the caretaker by sending a message, or making a call
intimating that the patient is in need of their help in case of any abrupt change. The application in smart phone stores the data from all the sensors for
further diagnosis.

B. Description

When it comes to old age, it becomes necessary to monitor our old ones for their health and safety. Keeping track of their health status at home is a
difficult task. Specially old age people with health issues should be monitored periodically and their family members need to be informed about their
health status from time to time while at work. So we come forth with a useful system that automated this task with ease.

Our proposed system puts forward a smart patient health tracking system that uses different sensors to track patient health and uses internet to inform
their loved ones in case of any abnormalities. Our proposed system uses heartbeat as well as a temperature sensor to keep track of patient health.
These sensors are interfaced to a microcontroller to track the status which is interfaced to an LCD display as well as a wifi connection for
transmitting alert signal.

If the system detects any sudden changes in patient heartbeat or body temperature, the system automatically alerts the caretaker about the patient
status over it and also they can view details of the heartbeat and temperature of patient live over the internet. Now people in a wheelchair have a great
risk of falling down due to weakness and weak joints. So when an old age person fallen it becomes mandatory to monitor them so that he/she can be
helped on time.

For this purpose, we propose the smart wheelchair with fall detection and obstacle detection. Accelerometer and gyro sensor are used in the proposed
system to detect a person's movement. It is mounted on the wheelchair or person hand for detection. This sensor is interfaced with the microcontroller
such that it can transmit the acceleration data constantly.

Now this keeps on monitoring for any abrupt change in the movement in a person. When such sudden abrupt change with jerk is noticed, the system
automatically triggers alert through Wifi connection to alert the caretaker and also to the concerned doctor. Now in such case if the person did not fall
and the alarm was false, the machine allows them to snooze the alarm if the person presses snooze key within 5 seconds. If they do not press then the
alert will be triggered to their loved ones instantly about the situation.

C. About IoT- Technology used

The Internet of things (abbreviated as IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles (also called as "connected devices" and
"smart devices"), buildings, and other itemsembedded with electronics, actuators, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enable these
objects for the collection and exchange of data. [9] The Global Standards Initiative defined the Internet of Things as "the infrastructure of the
information society in 2013.

The IoT allows objects to be sensed or/and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating platform for more direct integration of
the physical world into machine-based systems, and thus resulting in improved accuracy, efficiency and economic benefit in addition to reduced
human intervention.

When IoT is augmented with actuators and sensors, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical
systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart homes, smart grids, smart cities and intelligent transportation. Each thing is uniquely
addressable through its embedded computing system but is able to interpret within the existing Internet infrastructure. Professionals estimate that the
IoT will consist of almost 60 billion objects by 2020[9].

III. PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM

A. Transmitter side

It becomes a difficult task to take care of our loved ones who have health issues when he/she is residing at home. Therefore, an efficient IoT based
solution was developed to ensure that the task is easily automated. The solution lies in a Smart Healthcare Monitoring System that makes use of
different sensors for detecting and transmitting processed information about their health status of the patient through the internet.The various sensors
are attached to a microcontroller, which is interfaced, with an LCD display and a Wi-Fi connection. The patients health is continuously diagnosed
with the help of parameters like the hearts beat, body temperature, blood pressure, etc.
9. B.Banu and S. Merlin,. INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR WITH PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM. Journal for Advanced
Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 7-12

Fig.1: Block diagram of healthcare monitoring on patient side

The alerts are displayed on the LCD screen. The IoT based detection system detects and informs the caretaker about any sudden changes in the above
parameters. The status of the patient is displayed over the IoT and is sent to the family members and doctors. There is no doubt in the fact that such a
useful technology will actually prove to be a life saver for millions of people with health issues.

Fig.:2 Block diagram for patient monitoring system

The old aged people need to be monitored from time to time, for ensuring their health and safety. They have a greater risk of falling down,
because of physical weakness and weak joints. These agencies lead to the development of the Fall Detection System. This solution comes under the
umbrella term smart detection system. Gyro sensors and accelerometers are useful components in the designing of such a system. The detection is
made by these sensors, which are mounted on the.

The regular acceleration data are transferred by the sensor which is connected to a microcontroller. The system has the capability to detect sudden
changes in the movement of the person as well as fall detection. Any sudden jerk in the system is considered as a fall. The system is equipped with an
alarm that heads up in case the person falls. In case of any sort of false alarm is raised, there is snooze system, which needs to be pressed by the
system. The system automatically triggers an alert through the Wi-Fi connection and the family members are informed about the fall of the patient
from the bed or wheelchair.
10. B.Banu and S. Merlin,. INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR WITH PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM. Journal for Advanced
Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 7-12

Fig.:3 Block diagram for fall detection system

B. Hardware description

Accelerometer Sensor
Gyroscope Sensor
Heartbeat Sensor
Temperature Sensor
Atmega 328 Microcontroller
LCD Display
LEDs
Resistors
Wifi Modem
Transformer
Capacitors
Diodes

Figure 4 shows the overview of sensors connected to the patient monitoring system. E-Health Sensor Shield Platform is used in this
proposed system, which is an open source platform for medical/biometric applications. This shield has the capability, capturing and of interacting all
the 9 vital signs at a time.

The sensors which detect the 9 vital signs are:

Airflow sensor (breathing)

Blood pressure sensor (sphygmomanometer) V2.0
Electrocardiogram sensor (ECG)
Electromyography Sensor (EMG)
Body temperature sensor
Glucometer sensor
Pulse and oxygen in blood sensor (SPO2)
Galvanic skin response sensor (GSR - sweating)
Patient position sensor (Accelerometer)

The 9 sensor mentioned above is used to monitor the 9 vital signs of the patient. These sensors send the signal to the microcontroller, which
processes the data from the sensors and alert the caretaker in case of abnormalities. The wired network can be replaced using a wireless in case of a
real time application.

Fig.4:Overview of healthcare monitoring system

11. B.Banu and S. Merlin,. INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR WITH PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM. Journal for Advanced
Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 7-12

C. Software description

Arduino Compiler
MC Programming Language: C
IOTGecko
Keil vision software

The Keil Vision4 software is used to run and debug the program. Keil is the latest release of complete software development environment
for a wide range of Cortex-R, ARM, and Cortex-R based microcontroller devices. It includes the uVision ARM C/C++ Compiler, Debugger/IDE, and
essential middleware components. The Keil IDE (Integrated Debug Environment) is used to enable faster and efficient development of the program.
The debugged Keil software program is used for the proper function of movement and operation of the wheelchair which is programmed in the
microcontroller. The figure below depict the stimulation result by using keil software.

Fig. 5: Simulation output

D. Working

Fig.6: Working of our system

12. B.Banu and S. Merlin,. INTELLIGENT WHEELCHAIR WITH PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM. Journal for Advanced
Research in Applied Sciences; Pages: 7-12

IV. CONCLUSION
Intelligent Wheelchair helps the people with lower limb impairment to be more independent to do their day- today activities, because they
dont need to be always monitored by an assistant. Since 60% of the people with lower limb impairment have health issues, intelligent wheelchair is
one of the best solution as the person can be remotely monitored by the patient monitoring system which is mounted on the wheelchair, and their
health status can be viewed over the smart phone.

This gives them confidence to do things and lead an independent life in the home atmosphere. The patient monitoring system on the wheelchair will
be regularly monitoring the health of the patient. If any abnormalities are detected, the system will alert the care taker and the nearest hospital and
ambulance service by calling them directly, hereby increasing the possibility of survival.

V. FUTURE WORK
This system can be enhanced in the future by using more sensors for healthcare monitoring and also with an automatic tray opening for medicine on
stipulated time.

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C. Njah M., Jallouli M.: Wheelchair obstacle avoidance based on fuzzy controller and ultrasonic sensors. In: Proceedings of the 4th
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D. Gonzales R.A, Gaona F.A., Peralta R.R.: An autonomous robot based on a Wheelchair. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International
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I. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things