STANBULS WATER SUPPLY

Challenges and Solutions-

Past, Present and the Future
Dr. A. Saat
SUEN
Turkish Water Institute
ISTANBUL City of 13 Million
ISTANBULS PAST POPULATION
1200000

1000000

800000
y = 3E-14x5.8186
R = 0.8035

600000

400000

200000

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
 ISTANBULS FUTURE POPULATION
50 Mill in 2050
60,000,000

y = 2E-204x63.851
50,000,000
R = 1

40,000,000

30,000,000

20,000,000

10,000,000

-
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Two Bridges Connecting Europe to Asia
Past
WATER BUDGET
Precipitation Received by Reservoirs
Treated Water Pumped to the City
Water Consumed in the European and
Asian Sides
Water in 10 Surface Reservoirs (2012)
WATER PRICES
 WATER RATES TL/ m3 (w/o VAT) 01.01.2012

Domestic 3,16 TL = 1.7 USD

Offices 6,77 TL = 3.6 USD
Industry & constructn sites : 7,04 TL = 3.7 USD
House construction sites: 3,91TL = 2.1 USD
Municipalities: 3,12 TL = 1.7 USD
Village Rate (House): 0,82 TL = 0.4 USD
Village Rate(Office) 2,08 TL = 1.1 USD

2 165 000 m3/d of water consumed on 06-01-2012

 Historical Water Supplies
Emperor Hadrian (117-138) brought water from
locations close to the castle walls
Emperor Valens'in (364-378) constructed two
aqueducts to bring water from Halkal to Beyazid
location.
Water was brought to the city using pressurized
transmission lines in 1885 by a private company.
The first government Water Administration was
established in 1933.
HISTORICAL WATER SUPPLIES
Valens Aquaduct
Valens Aquaduct
 Yerebatan Cistern
542 AC Justinianus (527-565)
YEREBATAN CISTERN
YEREBATAN CISTERN (9.800 m2, 9 m
columns)
 OTTOMAN TIMES

16 water ways totaling 130 km

4 main aqueducts: Mazul, Kara, Ali Paa,
Bozdoan
33 Aqueducts including 36 m high, 258 m long
Malova Aqueduct
Supplied water to a population of 150-200 000
people.
City Fountains
Water Fountains
OTTOMAN TIMES
Bozdoan Kemeri
PRESENT:ISTANBUL RESERVOIRS
Water in 10 Surface Reservoirs (2012)
 PRESENT:
ISTANBUL WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Istanbul Wastewater Treatment Plants
Deep Sea Discharges into Bhosphorus
Bhosphorous Modelling
http://moma.ims.metu.edu.tr/index.p
hp?option=com_content&view=article
&id=5&Itemid=42&lang=
Deep Sea Discharge into Marmara
Layer
Future Water Supply of stanbul:
MELEN Project
 MELEN PROJECT:
187 km 2500 mm pipeline, 1.80 mill
m3/d, 1.18e9 USD
MELEN PROJECT 190 km , 2500mm
BHOSPHOROUS TUNNEL
 Istanbul Water Supply Project: Melen

The first phase of Melen Project is 1.18 billion $

Two credit packages (Total 900 million $) were
obtained form Japan
The project will supply 268 million m3 water at
the end of the first stage and
1,117 billion m3/yr water at the end of the third
stage. (about 3 Mm3/d, the water demand of
Istanbul until the year 2040 )
 CUMHURYET TERF
KAITHANE DEPOSU MELEN TERF DEPOSU
ARITMA TESS

SP - 6 CUMHURYET ARITMA SP - 2
TESS
SP - 5
SP - 3 MELEN
POMPA
STASYONU
YELVAD GE
CUMHURYET POMPA
STASYONU SP - 4 MELEN REGLATR
SP - 1
SP - 1
BOAZ TNEL
SP - 7

MELEN PAKETLERI
BYK STANBUL MESUYU PROJES
MELEN SSTEM

OJSCALKE-STFA
120 MILLION $

DS XIV.Blge Mdrl 8 Ocak 2013

Water transfered from Melen and
Yesilay Projects
Prevention of the pollution of the
merli Reservoir
 merli Reservoir in Istanbul
Watershed zone: 621 km2
Reservoir Capacity: 387 M m3
Yearly Renewal Capacity: 220 Mm3/year
Plays a crutial role in the ambicious Melen Project
STP

WTP
PKy STP & merli WTPs
merli Water Treatment Plants
merli-Orhaniye and Muradiye WTPs
merli Intake
Omerli Intakes
merli- Intake Tower
 Intake from different reservoir levels

Aerobik
Anaerobik
Fe+++, Mn +6 Fe++, Mn +4
Algae (merli)
Secci Disk

Alg

Secci Diski
Klorof-a

Alg
P

Klorof-a
The effluent is pumped through a tunnel to the Riva Creek

STP

WTP
merli Reservoir Water Shed Zone
merli Watershed Zone
Solution:A Simple STP
Paaky WWTP
Paakt WWTP and merli Rezervoir
Paaky Pump Station
Paaky Pump Station
Paaky AAT

4 * 10 000 m3

Q = 100 000 m3/d

BOD5= 161 mg/L
Paaky 100 AAT
First Paaky AAT (2000)
First and Second Paaky STPs
Paaky Wastewater Treatment Plant
Pasakoy STP- II
Riva Creek
Riva Creek
Riva - Black Sea
Thank You