Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
A glossary of terms relating to Project manage- Agile software development is a set of fundamen-
ment/consulting. tal principles about how software should be devel-
oped based on an agile way of working in con-
Contents :
trast to previous heavy-handed software develop-
ment methodologies.[1]
Top
Aggregate planning is an operational activity
09 which does an aggregate plan for the production pro-
cess, in advance of 2 to 18 months, to give an idea
A
to management as to what quantity of materials and
B other resources are to be procured and when, so that
the total cost of operations of the organization is
C kept to the minimum over that period.
D
Allocation is the assignment of available resources
E in an economic way.
F
G
2 B
H
I BOSCARD a strategic planning tool used in project
management to give the Terms of reference for new
J projects.
K
Budget generally refers to a list of all planned ex-
L penses and revenues.
M
Budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) mea-
N sures the budgeted cost of work that has actually
been performed, rather than the cost of work sched-
O uled.
P
Budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS) the
Q approved budget that has been allocated to com-
R plete a scheduled task (or Work Breakdown Struc-
ture (WBS) component) during a specic time pe-
S riod.
T Business model is a prot-producing system that
U has an important degree of independence from the
other systems within an enterprise.
V
W Business analysis is the set of tasks, knowledge,
and techniques required to identify business needs
X and determine solutions to business problems. So-
lutions often include a systems development compo-
Y
nent, but may also consist of process improvement
Z or organizational change.
1
2 3 C
Business operations are those ongoing recurring Change control is the procedures used to ensure
activities involved in the running of a business for that changes (normally, but not necessarily, to IT
the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders. systems) are introduced in a controlled and coordi-
They are contrasted with project management, and nated manner. Change control is a major aspect of
consist of business processes. the broader discipline of change management.
Business process is a collection of related, struc- Change management is a eld of management fo-
tured activities or tasks that produce a specic ser- cused on organizational changes. It aims to ensure
vice or product (serve a particular goal) for a partic- that methods and procedures are used for ecient
ular customer or customers. There are three types and prompt handling of all changes to controlled IT
of business processes: Management processes, Op- infrastructure, in order to minimize the number and
erational processes, and Supporting processes. impact of any related incidents upon service.
Business Process Modeling (BPM) is the activity Case study is a research method which involves an
of representing processes of an enterprise, so that in-depth, longitudinal examination of a single in-
the current (as is) process may be analyzed and stance or event: a case. They provide a systematic
improved in future (to be). way of looking at events, collecting data, analyzing
information, and reporting the results.
multitasking. Normally the job is managed by the Earned schedule (ES) is an extension to earned
project manager and supervised by the construction value management (EVM), which renames 2 tradi-
manager, design engineer, construction engineer or tional measures, to indicate clearly they are in units
project architect. of currency or quantity, not time.
Cost overrun is dened as excess of actual cost over Earned value management (EVM) is a project
budget. management technique for measuring project
progress in an objective manner, with a combina-
Critical path method (CPM) is a mathematically tion of measuring scope, schedule, and cost in a
based modeling technique for scheduling a set of single integrated system.
project activities, used in project management.
Eort management is a project management sub-
Critical chain project management (CCPM) is a discipline for eective and ecient use of time and
method of planning and managing projects that puts resources to perform activities regarding quantity,
more emphasis on the resources required to execute quality and direction.
project tasks.
Enterprise modeling is the process of understand-
ing an enterprise business and improving its perfor-
mance through creation of enterprise models. This
4 D includes the modelling of the relevant business do-
main (usually relatively stable), business processes
Dependency in a project network is a link amongst (usually more volatile), and Information technology
a projects terminal elements.
Estimation in project management is the processes
Dynamic Systems Development Method of making accurate estimates using the appropriate
(DSDM) is a software development methodology techniques.
originally based upon the Rapid Application De-
Event chain diagram : diagram that show the re-
velopment methodology. DSDM is an iterative and
lationships between events and tasks and how the
incremental approach that emphasizes continuous
events aect each other.
user involvement.
Event chain methodology is an uncertainty mod-
Duration of a projects terminal element is the num- eling and schedule network analysis technique that
ber of calendar periods it takes from the time the is focused on identifying and managing events and
execution of element starts to the moment it is com- event chains that aect project schedules.
pleted.
Executive sponsor is the senior member of the
Deliverable A contractually required work product, project board and often the chair.
produced and delivered to a required state. A de-
liverable may be a document, hardware, software or Extreme project management (XPM) refers to a
other tangible product. method of managing very complex and very uncer-
tain projects.
5 E
6 F
Float in a project network is the amount of time that
a task in a project network can be delayed without
causing a delay to subsequent tasks and or the project
completion date.
Focused improvement in Theory of Constraints is
the ensemble of activities aimed at elevating the
performance of any system, especially a business
system, with respect to its goal by eliminating its
constraints one by one and by not working on non-
constraints.
Fordism, named after Henry Ford, refers to various
social theories. It has varying but related meanings
Event chain diagram in dierent elds, and for Marxist and non-Marxist
scholars.
4 12 M
7 G 9 I
Integrated Master Plan (IMP) is an event-based,
WEEKS: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 21 22 23
top level plan, consisting of a hierarchy of Program
WBS 1 Summary Element 1 57% complete
Events.
WBS 1.1 Activity A 75% complete
A Gantt chart.
10 K
Henry Gantt was an American mechanical engi- Kicko meeting is the rst meeting with the project
neer and management consultant, who developed team and the client of the project.
the Gantt chart in the 1910s.
Scope
decisions.
Megaproject is an extremely large-scale investment
project.
Milestones are tools used in project management to
mark specic points along a project timeline. Quality
Motivation is the set of reasons that prompts one to Cost Schedule
engage in a particular behavior.
Operations management is an area of business that Process is an ongoing collection of activities, with
is concerned with the production of good quality an inputs, outputs and the energy required to trans-
goods and services, and involves the responsibility form inputs to outputs.
of ensuring that business operations are ecient and
Process architecture is the structural design of
eective. It is the management of resources, the dis-
general process systems and applies to elds such
tribution of goods and services to customers, and the
as computers (software, hardware, networks, etc.),
analysis of queue systems.
business processes (enterprise architecture, pol-
Operations, see Business operations icy and procedures, logistics, project management,
etc.), and any other process system of varying de-
Operations Research (OR) is an interdisciplinary grees of complexity.
branch of applied mathematics and formal science
that uses methods such as mathematical modeling, Process management is the ensemble of activities
statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or near of planning and monitoring the performance of a
optimal solutions to complex problems. process, especially in the sense of business process,
often confused with reengineering.
Organization is a social arrangement which pur-
sues collective goals, which controls its own perfor- Product breakdown structure (PBS) in project
mance, and which has a boundary separating it from management is an exhaustive, hierarchical tree
its environment. structure of components that make up an item, ar-
ranged in whole-part relationship.
Organization development (OD) is a planned,
structured, organization-wide eort to increase the Product description in project management is a
organizations eectiveness and health. structured format of presenting information about
a project product
and providing support infrastructure for an automo- Project manager : professional in the eld of
bile manufacturer. project management. Project managers can have the
responsibility of the planning, execution, and clos-
Project : A temporary endeavor undertaken to cre- ing of any project, typically relating to construc-
ate a unique product, service, or result.[4] tion industry, architecture, computer networking,
telecommunications or software development.
Project accounting Is the practice of creating -
nancial reports specically designed to track the - Project network is a graph (ow chart) depicting
nancial progress of projects, which can then be used the sequence in which a projects terminal elements
by managers to aid project management. are to be completed by showing terminal elements
and their dependencies.
Project charter is a statement of the scope, objec-
tives, and participants in a project. Project plan is a formal, approved document used
to guide both project execution and project control.
Project Cost Management A method of managing The primary uses of the project plan are to doc-
a project in real-time from the estimating stage to ument planning assumptions and decisions, facili-
project control; through the use of technology cost, tate communication among stakeholders, and doc-
schedule and productivity is monitored. ument approved scope, cost, and schedule baselines.
A project plan may be summary or detailed.[7]
Project management : The complete set of
tasks, techniques, tools applied during project Project planning is part of project management,
execution'.[5] which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt
charts to plan and subsequently report progress
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PM- within the project environment.[8]
BOK) : The sum of knowledge within the profes-
sion of project management that is standardized by Project stakeholders are those entities within or
ISO.[6] without an organization which sponsor a project or,
have an interest or a gain upon a successful comple-
Project management oce: The Project manage- tion of a project.
ment oce in a business or professional enterprise is
the department or group that denes and maintains Project team is the management team leading the
the standards of process, generally related to project project, and provide services to the project. Projects
management, within the organization. The PMO often bring together a variety number of problems.
strives to standardize and introduce economies of Stakeholders have important issues with others.
repetition in the execution of projects. The PMO is
Proport refers to the combination of the unique
the source of documentation, guidance and metrics
skills of an organisations members for collective ad-
on the practice of project management and execu-
vantage.
tion.
Rather than organizing a rm into functional spe- Scope creep refers to uncontrolled changes in a
cialties (like production, accounting, marketing, projects scope. This phenomenon can occur when
etc.) and considering the tasks that each function the scope of a project is not properly dened, doc-
performs; complete processes from materials ac- umented, or controlled. It is generally considered a
quisition, to production, to marketing and distribu- negative occurrence that is to be avoided.
tion should be considered. The rm should be re-
engineered into a series of processes. Scrum is an iterative incremental process of soft-
ware development commonly used with agile soft-
Resources are what is required to carry out a ware development. Despite the fact that Scrum is
projects tasks. They can be people, equipment, fa- not an acronym, some companies implementing the
cilities, funding, or anything else capable of de- process have been known to adhere to an all capital
nition (usually other than labour) required for the letter expression of the word, i.e. SCRUM.
completion of a project activity.
Six Sigma is a business management strategy, orig-
Resource leveling : 'A scheduling calculation that inally developed by Motorola, that today enjoys
delays activities such that resource usage is kept be- widespread application in many sectors of industry.
low specied limits. It is also known as resource
limited scheduling'.[9] Software engineering is the application of a
systematic, disciplined, quantiable approach to
Risk is the precise probability of specic eventuali- the development, operation, and maintenance of
ties. software.[10]
Risk management is a management specialism Standards are documents approved by a recog-
aiming to reduce dierent risks related to a pres- nized body, that provide, for common and repeated
elected domain to the level accepted by society. It use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for products,
may refer to numerous types of threats caused by en- processes, or services with which compliance is not
vironment, technology, humans, organizations and mandatory. (ISO 9453)[11]
politics.
Stakeholder Clients or other parties invested in the
Risk register is a tool commonly used in project Project.
planning and organizational risk assessments.
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is any
logical process used by a systems analyst to develop
an information system, including requirements, val-
18 S idation, training, and user ownership. An SDLC
should result in a high quality system that meets or
exceeds customer expectations, within time and cost
Analysis estimates, works eectively and eciently in the
current and planned Information Technology infras-
tructure, and is cheap to maintain and cost-eective
Evaluation Design to enhance.[12]
Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary eld of
engineering that focuses on how complex engineer-
ing projects should be designed and managed.
Testing Implementation
19 T
The systems development life cycle.
Task is part of a set of actions which accomplish a
job, problem or assignment.
Schedules in project management consists of a list
of a projects terminal elements with intended to Tasks in project management are activity that needs
start and nish dates. to be accomplished within a dened period of time.
Scientic management is a theory of management Task analysis is the analysis or a breakdown of ex-
that analyzes and synthesizes workow processes, actly how a task is accomplished, such as what sub-
improving labor productivity. tasks are required
Scope of a project in project management is the sum Time limit is a narrow eld of time, or a particular
total of all of its products and their requirements or point in time, by which an objective or task must be
features. accomplished.
8 24 REFERENCES
20 U
22 W 24 References
Wideband Delphi is a consensus-based estimation [1] Peter Schuh (2005). Integrating Agile Development in the
technique for estimating eort. Real World. ebrary, Inc. p.2.
Work in project management is the amount of eort [2] AACE Internationals Recommended Practice 11R-88,
applied to produce a deliverable or to accomplish a Required Skills and Knowledge of Cost Engineering, pro-
task (a terminal element). vides some answers which are excerpted here. Beyond
9
[6] http://www.pmi.org/info/PP_OPM3ExecGuide.pdf
25 External links
Project Management Institute
26.2 Images
File:CPT-SystemLifeSycle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/CPT-SystemLifeSycle.svg License:
CC0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pluke
File:Capability_Maturity_Model.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Capability_Maturity_Model.jpg
License: Public domain Contributors: Software Engineering Process Group FY03 ASCAC Representation Original artist: Andrea O.
Salas, Joanne L. Walsh, James C. Townsend
File:EventChain.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/EventChain.jpg License: Public domain Contribu-
tors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Original artist: Kenmckinley at English Wikipedia
File:GanttChartAnatomy.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/GanttChartAnatomy.svg License: Public
domain Contributors:
GanttChartAnatomy.png Original artist: GanttChartAnatomy.png: Original uploader was Garrybooker at en.wikipedia
File:Pert_chart_colored.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Pert_chart_colored.svg License: Pub-
lic domain Contributors: This le was derived from Pert chart colored.gif: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pert_
chart_colored.gif' class='image'><img alt='Pert chart colored.gif' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/
Pert_chart_colored.gif/50px-Pert_chart_colored.gif' width='50' height='31' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/b/b9/Pert_chart_colored.gif/75px-Pert_chart_colored.gif 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/
Pert_chart_colored.gif/100px-Pert_chart_colored.gif 2x' data-le-width='309' data-le-height='190' /></a>
Original artist: Pert_chart_colored.gif: Original uploader was Jeremykemp at en.wikipedia
File:Product-oriented_work_breakdown_structure_of_an_aircraft_system.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/d/d2/Product-oriented_work_breakdown_structure_of_an_aircraft_system.png License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work
Original artist: Jpussacq
File:The-triad-constraints.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/The-triad-constraints.svg License: CC
BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Balu Ertl
File:UnifiedProcessProjectProfile20060708.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/
UnifiedProcessProjectProfile20060708.png License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by
Belgrano using CommonsHelper. Original artist: The original uploader was GFLewis at English Wikipedia