DB2 Guide Page 1 of 28

DB2 Guide Page 2 of 28

DB2
DB2 is an abbreviation of IBM DATABASE II; it is Relational Data Base Management
System (RDBMS) for MVS operating system
In DB2, data is stored in the form of tables (relations) comprised of rows (reco
rds) and columns (fields). All access to and manipulation of data in DB2 is acco
mplished via Structured Query Language (SQL).
DB2 objects
In MVS environment, the relational database manager itself (DB2) is considered a
subsystem (an MVS started task). Typically an installation consists of two or m
ore subsystems. i.e, there is one for test and one for production. For each DB2
subsystem, there are some system objects e.g. a catalog, a log, and a directory.
DB2 Database
It is a logical grouping of tables, tablespaces and their indexes for management
purposes. Normally, data for a specific application is contained within one dat
abase
DB2 Tablespace
DB2 Guide Page 3 of 28
Tablespace is physical collection of tables and their associated indexes. Tables
paces uses one or more VSAM linear datasets (LDS) and the maximum size of Tables
pace is 64GB. A Tablespace is divided into equal sized units (of 4k bytes), call
ed pages which are written to or read from DASD in one operation.
In order to service a request to see one byte of data, DB2 brings in the 4K page
containing that byte.
DB2 Storage Groups
A DB2 storage group is a set of volumes on direct access storage devices (DASD).
Volume holds the datasets in which tablespaces and indexes are actually stored.
A database can be stored in one or more storage groups.
DB2 tables
DB2 tables holds data in the form of rows and columns.
DB2 Index
An Index is an ordered set of pointers to data in a DB2 table. An index space is
automatically defined in the same database as the table.
DB2 Views
View is a virtual table defined on another table or view. The data only exist in
the base table only the definition of view is stored.
DB2 Catalog
The DB2 catalog consists of a group of tables containing information about other
objects with in the DB2 subsystem. When you create, alter, or drop any object,
DB2 inserts, updates, or deletes rows of the catalog tables that describe the ob
ject and also have the information how this object relates to other objects.
Users have read access to these tables.
Some of the tables in DB2 catalog are
SYSTABLES
Contains one row for each table, view and alias
SYSINDEXES
Contains one row for each index
SYSCOLUMNS
Contains one row for each table and view
SYSVIEWS
Contains one row fro each view
SYSRELS
Contains one row for every referential constraint
Structured Query language is a standardized language for defining and manipulati
ng data. All SQL statements should be prepared (Bind) before they can be execute
d. The result of preparation is executable form of statement (plan).
Static SQL
In static SQL the statement is prepared before execution.
Dynamic SQL
In dynamic SQL the statements are constructed, prepared and executed at runtime.
We can divide sql into three different categories.
Data Definition Language
Statements create, modify, or drop database objects
Data Manipulation Language
statements insert, update, delete, or select data from the database objects
Transaction Control Language
statements grant or revoke privileges or authorities to perform database operati
ons on the objects in your database
DB2 Guide Page 4 of 28
DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE
Statements create, modify, or drop database objects.
Statements Available
CREATE
ALTER
DROP
CREATE
CREATE statement is used to create various database objects for example DB2 tabl
e, Index, Tablespace, View etc.
e.g.
CREATE INDEX ix1 ON t1 (esal)
ALTER TABLE emptab ADD date_of_joining DATE
DROP VIEW view1
The data type of a column determines what you can and cannot do with the column.
When you perform operations on columns, the data must be compatible with the da
ta type of the referenced column. For example, you cannot insert character data,
like a last name, into a column whose data type is numeric. Similarly, you cann
ot compare columns containing incompatible data types.
To better understand the concepts that are presented in this section, you must u
nderstand the data types of the columns to which an example refers. As shown in
built-in data types have three general categories: datetime, string, and numeric
DB2 Guide Page 5 of 28
Signed Numeric
INT
Full word binary, 4 bytes
SMALLINT
Half word binary, 2 bytes
DECIMAL (p, q)
Packed decimal, p is total size and q is number of decimal points. p/2 bytes
String
CHAR(n)
1 char is stored in 1 byte, n bytes., n can be maximum of 255
VARCHAR(n)
Variable character maximum takes n + 2 bytes.
2 bytes is used for length and n bytes to store the actual data.
GRAPHIC(n)
Double byte character strings(DBCS), I char is stored in two bytes., so this dat
a type will take 2n bytes.
VARGRAPHIC(n)
Variable Double byte character strings(DBCS), Maximum it uses 2n + 2 bytes depen
ding upon n
DB2 Guide Page 6 of 28
Datetime
DATE
YYYYMMDD, stored in packed decimal format and it will take 4 bytes.
DATETIME
HHMMSS, stored in packed decimal format and it will take 3 bytes.
TIMESTAMP
Timestamp is nothing but date and time accurate up to nearest micro second.
YYYYMMDDHHMMSSnnnnnn. Timestamp will take 10 bytes.
Use the CREATE TABLE statement to create a table. The following SQL statement cr
eates a table named PRODUCT:
The preceding CREATE statement has the following elements:
CREATE TABLE, which names the table PRODUCT.
A list of the columns that make up the table. For each column, specify the follo
wing information:
o The column's name (for example, SERIAL).
o The data type and length attribute (for example, CHAR(8)). For more informatio
n about data types
o Optionally, a default value
o Optionally, a referential constraint or check constraint.
o You must separate each column description from the next with a comma, and encl
ose the entire list of column descriptions in parentheses.
Identifying defaults
If you want to constrain the input or identify the default of a column, you can
use the following values:
NOT NULL, when the column cannot contain null values.
UNIQUE, when the value for each row must be unique, and the column cannot contai
n null values.
DEFAULT, when the column has one of the following DB2-assigned defaults:
o For numeric columns, zero is the default value.
o For fixed-length strings, blank is the default value.
o For variable-length strings, including LOB strings, the empty string (string o
f zero-length) is the default value.
o For datetime columns, the current value of the associated special register is
the default value.
E.g. CURDATE DATE NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT SET NULL
If user does not insert any value Db2 will insert Null into this column.
CURDATE DATE NOT NULL WITH DEFAULT SET 2006-08-08
If user does not insert any value Db2 will insert 2006-08-08 into this column.
DB2 Guide Page 7 of 28
Check Constraint
We can restrict user to certain set of inputs, This constraint will be useful wh
en you know the exclusive list of values that can be contained in that column.
e.g. EMPSEX CHAR(1) CHECK (EMPSEX IN ( M , F ))
EMPSAL DECIMAL(7,2) CHECK EMPSAL > 0
DEPTNO INT CHECK(DEPTNO BETWEEN 1 AND 100)
PRIMARY KEY
Primary key value uniquely identifies the row
FOREIGN KEY
Foreign Key value identifies a row of related data. (Usually the row being relat
ed is in another table)
The table containing primary key is called as parent table and the one containin
g the foreign key is called as dependent table. A dependent of dependent is a de
scendent table.
A table can be parent of many dependents and it can also be dependent of many pa
rents.
The DEPT_TAB and EMP_TAB tables are related.
DEPT_TAB is parent table and EMP_TAB is dependent table.
FOREIGN KEY(DEPT) REFERENCES DEPT_TAB(DEPTNO).
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
Referential Integrity maintains data validity by enforcing rules during processi
ng so that
?? Every primary key value is unique and is not null
?? Every foreign key value matches a primary key.
Delete Rules
When a row with primary key is deleted what should be done about the rows with m
atching keys.
Designer chooses one of
DB2 Guide Page 8 of 28
?? Cascade if parent table row is deleted then all the matching rows in dependen
t table will also be deleted
?? Set Null if parent table row is deleted then all the matching columns (foreig
n key column) in dependent table will be set to null.
?? Restrict delete request will be cancelled if there is at least one row in dep
endent table.
INDEX
It is set of pointers to DB2 tables. If an index is unique, DB2 will ensure that
uniqueness is maintained (it will not allow another row with the same key to be
added to the table).
The main advantage of using Index is faster access to DB2 data.
E.g. CREATE INDEX EMP_TABX ON EMP_TAB (EMPNO);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX DEPT_TABX ON DEPT_TAB ( DEPTNO);
CREATE INDEX CLUST_DEPT ON EMP_TAB (DEPTNO) CLUSTER;
CLUSTERING INDEX
DB2 Guide Page 9 of 28
Many users will want to see the group of rows for a single dept value. Performan
ce will improved if all of the rows for a single DEPT value were physically grou
ped together. Then we ask for all of C01 employees since all three of C01 rows a
re in a single page, and are accessed by a single read.
When the index is defined (via CREATE INDEX statement) add the CLUSTER at the en
d of the statement. When REORG utility is executed, the utility will rearrange t
he data rows into the same sequence as the entries in clustering index.
ALTER
A previously defined table can later be altered at any time.
The most common alteration on a table is to add another column to it. In this ca
se we alter table EMP_TAB by adding new column DOJ.
ALTER TABLE EMP_TAB ADD DOJ AS DATE;
Only one column can be added through an ALTER TABLE statement. (Two columns can
be added by using two ALTER statements)
ALTER table can be used to add check constraints.
ALTER TABLE EMP_TAB ADD CHECK EMPSAL > 0;
DROP
The drop statement is simple in format, as the user does not need to supply any
descriptive informatiob to DB2 about the object being dropped.
DROP type-of-object-dropped <name-of-object-being-dropped>
E.g. DROP INDEX EMP_TABX;
The DROP process has a powerful cascade effect, which makes it very easy to clea
r out large amounts of data. All the indexes and views defined on the table will
be dropped with the table. Because an index or view is meaningless without a ta
ble.
DB2 Guide Page 10 of 28
DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE
Statements insert, update, delete, or select data from the database objects
Using DML we can add or modify data in an existing table using the statements IN
SERT, UPDATE, and DELETE:
Inserting rows: INSERT
Selecting values as you insert: SELECT from INSERT
Updating current values: UPDATE
Deleting rows: DELETE
INSERT
Insert statement is used to insert rows into db2 table.
E.g. INSERT INTO EMP_TAB (EMPID, DEPT, NAME, DESIG) VALUES (030, C01 , NAVEEN , SSE )
INSERT INTO EMP_TAB_NEW SELECT * FROM EMP_TAB;
UPDATE
Update statement is used to update existing row in a DB2 table.
For e.g.
UPDATE TABLE SET EMPSAL = EMPSAL + 1000;
SELECT clause
The select clause specifies the columns of the final result. The SELECT statemen
t is used to select data from a table. The tabular result is stored in a result
table (called the result-set).
SELECT [ALL/DISTINCT] scalar-expression (s)
FROM table (s)
[WHERE conditional-expression]
[GROUP BY columns]
[HAVING conditional expression]
[ORDER BY columns]
DISTINCT -> to eliminate duplicate rows
The SQL SELECT Statement
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a table. The tabular result is
stored in a result table (called the result-set).
Note: SQL statements are not case sensitive. SELECT is the same as select.
E.g.
To select the content of columns named "LastName" and "FirstName", from the data
base table called "Persons", use a SELECT statement like this:
SELECT LastName,FirstName FROM Persons
DB2 Guide Page 11 of 28
The database table "Persons":
LastName
FirstName
Address
City
Rao
Vivek
Timoteivn 10
New York
Pathi
Narender
Borgvn 23
New York
Satya
Kalyan
Storgt 20
Washington
The result
LastName
FirstName
Rao
Vivek
Pathi
Narender
Satya
Kalyan
Select All Columns
To select all columns from the "Persons" table, use a * symbol instead of column
names, like this:
SELECT * FROM Persons
THE RESULT SET: The result from a SQL query is stored in a result-set.
The DISTINCT keyword is used to return only distinct (different) values.
With SQL, all we need to do is to add a DISTINCT keyword to the SELECT statement
:
Syntax
SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
To select ALL values from the column named "Company" we use a SELECT statement l
ike this:
SELECT Company FROM Orders
"Orders" table
Company
OrderNumber
Sega
3412
Lemuria
2312
Pepsi
4678
Lemuria
6798
Result
Company
Sega
Lemuria
Pepsi
Lemuria
DB2 Guide Page 12 of 28
Note that "Lemuria" is listed twice in the result-set.
To select only DIFFERENT values from the column named "Company" we use a SELECT
DISTINCT statement like this:
SELECT DISTINCT Company FROM Orders
Result:
Company
Sega
Lemuria
Pepsi
AND & OR
AND and OR join two or more conditions in a WHERE clause.
The AND operator displays a row if ALL conditions listed are true. The OR operat
or displays a row if ANY of the conditions listed are true.
LastName
FirstName
Address
City
Hansen
Ola
Timoteivn 10
Sandnes
Svendson
Tove
Borgvn 23
Sandnes
Svendson
Stephen
Kaivn 18
Sandnes
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE
(FirstName='Tove' OR FirstName='Stephen')
AND LastName='Svendson'
LastName
FirstName
Address
City
Svendson
Tove
Borgvn 23
Sandnes
Svendson
Stephen
Kaivn 18
Sandnes
To display the persons with LastName equal to "Hansen" or "Pettersen", use the f
ollowing SQL:
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE LastName IN ('Hansen','Pettersen')
Result:
LastName
FirstName
Address
City
Hansen
Ola
Timoteivn 10
Sandnes
Pettersen
Kari
Storgt 20
Stavanger
GROUP BY
GROUP BY... was added to SQL because aggregate functions (like SUM) return the a
ggregate of all column values every time they are called, and without the GROUP
BY function it was impossible to find the sum for each individual group of colum
n values.
Syntax
DB2 Guide Page 13 of 28
SELECT column,SUM(column) FROM table GROUP BY column
E.g. This "Sales" Table:
Company
Amount
W3Schools
5500
IBM
4500
W3Schools
7100
SELECT Company, SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
Returns this result:
Company
SUM(Amount)
W3Schools
17100
IBM
17100
W3Schools
17100
The above code is invalid because the column returned is not part of an aggregat
e. A GROUP BY clause will solve this problem:
SELECT Company,SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
GROUP BY Company
Returns this result:
Company
SUM(Amount)
W3Schools
12600
IBM
4500
HAVING
HAVING... was added to SQL because the WHERE keyword could not be used against a
ggregate functions (like SUM), and without HAVING... it would be impossible to t
est for result conditions.
Syntax
SELECT column,SUM(column) FROM table
GROUP BY column
HAVING SUM(column) condition value
This "Sales" Table:
Company
Amount
W3Schools
5500
IBM
4500
W3Schools
7100
DB2 Guide Page 14 of 28
This SQL:
SELECT Company, SUM(Amount) FROM Sales
GROUP BY Company
HAVING SUM(Amount)>10000
Returns this result
Company
SUM(Amount)
W3Schools
UNION
UNION combine two sets of rows into single set, but the two relations (tables) m
ust be union compatible.
Two relations T1 and T2 are said to be union compatible if
I). both T1 and T2 contain same number of columns
II). If Ith column of T1 is compatible with Ith column of T2.
e.g.
SELECT ENO FROM EMPMASTER WHERE ESAL > 5000
UNION
SELECT ENO FROM ETAB WHERE DEPT= CSE
-> Duplicates are always removed from the result table unless the union operator
explicitly includes the ALL qualifier.
NORMALIZATION
Is a process of decomposing a relation into smaller structured relations.
It is a process which promotes Data integrity and reduces data redundancy.
ALIAS AND SYNONYM
Both are alternate names for a table. Following are the differences between them
.
Dropping a table or view has no effect on its aliases. But dropping a table or v
iew does drop its synonyms.
An alias is a qualified name that can be used by any authorization ID. A synonym
is an unqualified name that can only be used by the authorization ID that creat
ed it.
JOIN
Sometimes the information that you want to see is not in a single table. To form
a row of the result table, you might want to retrieve some column values from o
ne table and some column values from another table. You can use a SELECT stateme
nt to retrieve and join column values from two or more tables into a single row.
DB2 supports the following types of joins:
Inner join
Left outer join
Right outer join
Full outer join.
DB2 Guide Page 15 of 28
You can specify joins in the FROM clause of a query.
Inner Join:
Extracts only matching rows from Left and Right table
Full Outer Join:
Extracts matching as well as unmatching rows from left and right table
Left Outer Join:
Extracts matching rows and unmatching rows from left table
Right Outer Join:
Extracts matching rows and unmatching rows from right table
e.g.
SELECT PART, COALESE( PARTS.PROD#,PRODUCT.PROD#),PRICE
FROM PARTS OUTER JOIN PRODUCTS ON PARTS.PROD# = PRODUCT.PROD#
VIEW
View is a virtual table (i.e., it is not present physically) which is defined fr
om other tables.
General syntax of CREATE VIEW
CREATE VIEW view-name [(column2[,column2 .]
AS subquery
DB2 Guide Page 16 of 28
[WITH CHECK OPTION];
subquery cannot contain UNION or ORDER BY
All views are non updatable
VIEW becomes non-updatable if
If a column of the view is derived from an expression involing a scalar operator
or a scalar function.
Column of the view is derived from aggregate function.
Group by or Having at outermost level
Distinct
View involving subquery on same table
DB2 Guide Page 17 of 28
EMBEDDED SQL
Static SQL
In static SQL the statement is prepared before execution.
Dynamic SQL
In dynamic SQL the statements are constructed, prepared and executed at runtime
DB2 PROGRAM PREPARATION
Static SQL statements are generally preferable to dynamic SQL statements (prepar
ed by DB2 at execution time) because they typically are more efficient (since in
dynamic sql binding is done at execution time).
The first step in DB2 program preparation is writing a program that contains emb
edded SQL statements. These programs are called as embedded SQL programs. Before
passing this program to COBOL compiler we need to take out SQL statements becau
se COBOL compilers cannot recognize SQL, this is done by DB2 precompiler.
DB2 Guide Page 18 of 28
The DB2 precompiler processes it and generates two outputs:
1. A modified program source module. The precompiler comments out each of the pr
ogram's embedded SQL statements, and inserts a call to DB2 for each statement.
2. A database request module (DBRM). A DBRM contains the SQL statements found in
the program source.
The precompiler places a unique identifier, called a consistency token(timestamp
), into each of these outputs. These consistency tokens are better understood wh
en we get to program execution.
Following the precompile process, you compile and link-edit the modified source
program into an executable load module and bind the associated DBRM. In the DB2
for OS/390 bind process,
Functions of Bind
Syntax Checking
Qualifying object names
Access path selection (optimization),
Access authorization
Database object validation
The output of the bind process is a control structure that DB2 will use to execu
te the SQL statements when the application program is run. The control structure
will either be part of a plan (if the DBRM is bound directly into a plan) or co
ntained within a package that will be executed via a plan.
DB2 Guide Page 19 of 28
The DB2 p lease 3), and it
offers
one
be
mber
nnot
w do
you crea
BIND PACKA
MEMBER(
e.g.,
BIND PACKA
MEMBER(P
Package of P
Package ge
can be
ackage bind process has been around for quite some time (since DB2 version 2 res
ome important advantages over plan-direct binds. Improved availability. If you c
hange a SQL statement in a program, you only have to rebind package. You can reb
ind one package quickly, and it's important to do so: A package cannot executed
while it's being rebound. If, on the other hand, programs are bound directly int
o plans, a change of one SQL statement requires that the plan be rebound. If you
've bound a large nuof DBRMs into the plan, the rebind could take a fair amount
of time, during which the plan cabe executed. If you use the package bind proces
s, you have to bind the package into what is called a collection. Hote a collect
ion? Pretty simple: You bind a package into it. GE(collection name) - dbrm name)
GE(COL1) GM1) GM1 will be created in collection COL1. contains machine code of
best access path. Package is not executable independently; packa executed via pl
an.
Collection is physical collection of packages, both packages and collections are
stored in DB2 directory.
DB2 Guide Page 20 of 28
List of packages will be input to BIND PLAN process th
APPLICATION PLAN or PL
BIND PLAN(Plan name) -
DB2 Guide Page 21 of 28
-818 -> Timestamp mismatch in load module and application plan. Means correspond
ing program is foundplan but in that package there is n
How to resolve -805?
Followi
Choose a method for communicating with DB2. You can use one of the following met
hods: o Static SQL
Declare the tables that you use Declare the data items for passing data between
DB2 and a host language, according to the host language rules. Declare an SQL co
mmunications area (SQLCA) Code SQL statements to access DB2 data.
Use EXEC SQL and END-EXEC. to delimit an SQL statement in a COBOL proEXEC SQL an
SQL statementEND-EXEC. DECLARING TABLE AND VIEW DEFINITIONS Before your program
issues SQL statements that select, insert, update, or delete the tables and vie
ws that your program accesses. To do this, incluprogram. You do not need to decl
are tables or views, but doing so offers advantages. Ondocumentation. For exampl
e, the DECLARE statement specifies the struworking with, and the data type of ea
ch column. You can refer to the DECLARE
names and data types in the table or view. Another advantage is that the DB2 pre
compiler uses your declarations to make sure that you have used correct column n
ames and data types in your SQL statementThe DB2 precompiler issues a warning me
ssage when the column names and data types do not corresponto the SQL DECLARE st
atements in your program.
One way to declare a table or view is to code a DECLARE statement in the WORKING
-ST
DB2 Guide Page 22 of 28
and list each column and its data type. When you declare a table or view, you sp
ecify DECLARE table-name TABLE regardless of whether the table-name refers to a
table or a view.
For example, the DECL
As an alternative to coding the DECLARE statement yourself, you can use DCLGEN,
the dec
r that is supplied with DB2. (DCLGEN can be created by option 2 in DB2 Interacti
ve menu).
G EQUIVALENT SQL AND CO
data type COBOL d
T
GER S9(9) COMP
D
N
REAL or FLOAT (n) COMP-1
DOUBLE or FLOAT
CHAR(n)
VARCHAR(n) 01 VAR-NAME.
49 VAR-TEXT PIC X(n).
01 VAR-NAME PIC X(n). Internally DATE, TIMthe inputext. TIME Fixed-length charac
ter string of length n. For example, 01 VAR-NAME PIC X(n). Fixed-length characte
01 VAR-NAME PIC X(n).
DB2 Guide Page 23 of 28
set either one row at a time or one row set at a time.
statements for tables and views. INCLUDE SQL COMMUNICATIONS AREA (SQLCA) An SQLC
A is a collection of variables that is updated program that contains executable
SQL statements (excThe SQL INCLUDE statement can be used to provide
EXEC SQL INCLUDE SQLCA END-EXEC
S
PR
GM. **************
**
*
* TVALID GROUP
*
* DESCRI
IS PROGRAM WILL RLOYEE * * LE AND INSERTS THPDCL *
*
* * INPUT P EMPLRMATION*
*
* * OUTPUT A *
*
S035.EDCL GENERAL
EMPLOYEE INFO
*
* CRE
RENDER KUMAR
* *
*
TION.
ILE ASSI
GN TO EMP.
05 EMP-ID PIC 9(10).
05 EMP-SSN PIC 9(10). 0
05 EMP-BASIC PIC 9(8)V9(2).
DB2 Guide Page 24 of 28
EXEC SQL
******************************************************************
EXEC SQL DECLARE SSS035.EDCL TA
( EMPID
EMPNAME CHAR(20), SSN DECIMAL(10, 0), DOJ DATE,
DOB DATE, ADDRESS CHAR(100))
END-EXEC. ****
******** * HOST VARIA
****
10 EV-EMPID PIC S9(9) USAGE COMP. 10 EV-EMPNAME PIC X(20).
10 EV-DOB PIC X(10).
******************************************************************
* DECLARATION OF TABLE SSS035.PDCL *
******************************************************************
EXEC SQL DECLARE SSS035.PDCL TABLE
( EMPID INTEGER NOT NULL,
HRA DECIMAL(10, 2),
ITAX DECIMAL(10, 2),
GROSS DECIMAL(10, 2),
NETSAL DECIMAL(10, 2))
END-EXEC.
******************************************************************
* HOST VARIABLE DECLARATION OF TABLE SSS035.PDCL *
******************************************************************
01 DCLPDCL.
10 HV-EMPID PIC S9(9) USAGE COMP.
10 HV-BASIC PIC S9(8)V9(2) USAGE COMP-3.
10 HV-HRA PIC S9(8)V9(2) USAGE COMP-3. 10 HV-ITAX PIC S9(8)V9(2) USAGE COMP-3.
10 HV-GROSS PIC S9(8)V9(2) USAGE COMP-3.
10 HV-NETSAL PIC S9(8)V9(2) USAGE COMP-3.
01 WORK-AREAS.
05 WS-SQLCODE PIC -9(4).
05 WS-EMP-EOF PIC X VALUE 'N'.
88 EMP-EOF VALUE 'Y'.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
0000-MAIN-PARA.
OPEN INPUT EMP-FILE.
READ EMP-FILE AT END SET EMP-EOF TO TRUE
END-READ
IF EMP-EOF
DB2 Guide Page 25 of 28
DISPLAY " EMPTY INPUT FILE......."
END-IF
PERFORM 1000-PROCESS-PARA UNTIL EMP-EOF
CLOSE EMP-FILE
GOBACK
.
1000-PROCESS-PARA.
READ EMP-FILE AT END MOVE 'Y' TO WS-EMP-EOF
END-READ
************************************************
* POPULATE EMP TABLE HOST VARIABLES *
************************************************
MOVE EMP-ID TO EV-EMPID
MOVE EMP-NAME TO EV-EMPNAME
MOVE EMP-SSN TO EV-SSN
MOVE EMP-DOJ
MOVE EMP-DOB TO EV-DOB
MOVE EMP-ADDRESS TO EV-ADDRESS
************************************************
* POPULATE PAY
TABLE HOST VARIABLES * ************************************************
MOVE EMP-ID TO HV-EMPID
MOVE EMP-BASIC TO HV-BASIC
COMPUTE HV-HRA = HV-BASIC * 0.60
COMPUTE HV-ITAX = HV-BASIC * 0.20
COMPUTE HV-GROSS = HV-BASIC + HV-HRA
COMPUTE HV-NETSAL = HV-GROSS - HV-ITAX
************************************************
* INSERT INTO EMP TABLE *
************************************************
INSERT INTO SSS035.EDCL(EMPID,
EMPNAME,
SSN,
DOJ,
DOB,
ADDRESS)
VALUES(:EV-EMPID,
:EV-EMPNAME,
:EV-SSN,
:EV-DOJ,
:EV-ADDRESS)
END-EXEC
IF SQLCODE = 0
************************************************
* INSERT INTO PAY TABLE *
************************************************
INSERT INTO SSS035.PDCL(EMPID,
BASIC,
HRA,
ITAX,
GROSS,
NETSAL)
VALUES(:HV-EMPID,
:HV-BASIC,
:HV-HRA,
:HV-ITAX,
DB2 Guide Page 26 of 28
:HV-GROSS,
:HV-NETSAL)
END-EXEC
IF SQLCODE = 0
DISPLAY " RECORDS INSERTED.............."
ELSE
MOVE SQLCODE TO WS-SQLCODE
DISPLAY "ERROR OCCURRED IN PAY TABLE " WS-SQLCODE
END-IF
ELSE
MOVE SQLCODE TO WS-SQLCODE
DISPLAY "ERROR OCCURRED IN EMP TABLE " WS-SQLCODE
END-IF.
HOW TO HANDLE NULL VALUES
Use null indicators. Syntax ... INTO: HOSTVAR [INDICATOR] : NULLIND otherwise DB
2 throws erro
SQLCODE = -305.
The picture clause of the null indicator variable S9(4) COMP.
What does it mean if the null indicator has -1, 0, -2?
-1 : the field is null
0 : the field is not null
-2 : the field value is truncated
How to Insert a record with a nullable column?
To insert a NULL, move -1 to the null indicator
To insert a valid value, move 0 to the null indicator
CURSOR
COBOL program cannot handle more than one row at a time, Cursor is used to extra
ct more than o
from DB2 table or View.
Steps involved in a program using Cursor
DECLARE
OPEN
FETCH
CLOSE
DECLARE
DECLARE cursor-name CURSOR [WITH HOLD]
FOR
Select expression
[FOR FETCH ONLY/ FOR UPDATE OF column_name]
[OPTIMIZE FOR n ROWS]
DB2 Guide Page 27 of 28
Options
WITH HOLD if you don t specify WITH HOLD cursor will be closed when you issue COMM
IT DB2
the cursor and you will lose the current position of the cursor. If you want to
retain the position of the
CURSOR we need to specify this option.
FOR FETCH ONLY/ FOR UPDATE OF FOR FETCH ONLY is used when you want to just read
so
DB2 will apply locks accordingly.
FOR UPDATE OF is used when you want to update any column so that DB2 can apply a
ppropriate
This option is just for better locking its nothing to do with the result produce
d by the cursor.
Oy
PTIMIZE FOR n ROWS If you inform BIND about a
improve performance of the SQL statemeperformance as well so you should be
OPEN
the time of declare)
EXEC SQL
END-EXEC
FETCH
Fetch reads a row sequentially
EXEC SQL
END-EXEC
CLOSE
After all the
EXEC SQL CLOSE cursor_name ND-EXEC
E
imple COBOL DB2 program which reads fro
S
D OPTIONS
A
ION
Indi
ADD Indicates that the named package does not ex
already exis
REPLACE
DB2 Guide Page 28 of 28
In
EXPLAIN
package
NO Explain information will not be captured.
Explain tables will be populated with information about the chosen access plan a
t prep/bind time for static statements and at run time for incremental bind stat
ements.
CS
RR
Spec
ifies Repeatable Read
Specifies
RELEASE
Indic
DRDA precompile/bind option is not supp
COM
Release resou
Release resources only when the application te