ME4202501 Thermodynamics I, Fall term 2015

Practice 9 2015/12/08

1. A power cycle receives heat Q H from hot reservoir, rejects heat Q L to a cold reservoir, and delivers a
net work W to the environment. For each case, determine if the power cycle satisfies the first law
cycle

and if it violates the second law.

A Q H 6 kW Q L 4 kW Wcycle 2 kW
B Q H 6 kW Q L 0 kW Wcycle 6 kW
C Q 6 kW
H Q 2 kW
L Wcycle 5 kW
D Q H 6 kW Q L 6 kW Wcycle 0 kW

2. For each case in problem 1, determine if a heat pump satisfies the first law
and if it violates the second law.

3. Consider a heat engine and heat pump connected as shown.

Assume TH1 = TH2 > Tamb and determine for each of the three
cases if the setup satisfy the first law and/or violates the 2nd
law.

4. The thermal efficiency of a general heat engine is 40 percent, and it produces 30 kW At what rate is
heat transferred to this engine, in kW?

5. An automobile engine consumed fuel at a rate of 22 L/h and delivers 55 kW of power to the wheels. If
the fuel has a heating value of 44000 kJ/kg and a density of 0.8 g/cm3, determine the efficiency of the
engine.

6. A refrigerator that has a power input of 450 W and a COP of 2.5 is to cool 5 large watermelons, 10 kg
each, to 8C. If the water melons are initially at 20C, determine how long it will take for the
refrigerator to cool them. The watermelons can be treated as water whose specific heat is 4.2 kJ/kg-C.
 ME4202501 Thermodynamics I, Fall term 2015

7. An automobile engine produces 136 hp on the output shaft with a thermal efficiency of 30%. The fuel it
burns gives 35,000 kJ/kg as energy release. Find
(a) the total rate of energy rejected to the ambient, and
(b) the rate of fuel consumption in kg/s.

8. A heat engine is operating on a Carnot cycle and has a thermal efficiency of 75 percent. The waste heat
from this engine is rejected to a nearby lake at 15C at a rate of 800 kJ/min. Determine (a) the power
output of the engine and (b) the temperature of the sources.

9. A Carnot heat pump is used to heat a house and maintain it at 25C in winter. On a day when the
average outdoor temperature remains at about 2C, the house is estimated to lose heat at a rate of 55
MJ/h. If the heat pump consumes 6.6 kW of power while operating , determine (a) how long the heat
pump ran on that day; (b) the total heat costs, assuming an average price of NT 3/kWh for electricity;
and (c) the heating cost for the same day if the resistance heating is used instead a heat pump.

10. Two kilograms of water execute a Carnot power cycle. During the isothermal expansion, the water is
heated until it is a saturated vapor from an initial state where the pressure is 40 bar and the quality is
15%. The vapor then expands adiabatically to a pressure of 1.5 bar while doing 491.5 kJ/kg of work.
(a) Sketch the cycle on a p-v diagram.
(b) Evaluate the heat and work for each process, in kJ.
(c) Evaluate the thermal efficiency.

11. A Carnot refrigeration cycle is executed in a closed system in the saturated liquid-vapor mixture
region using 0.8 kg of R-134a as the working fluid. The maximum and the minimum temperatures in
the cycle are 20 and 8C, respectively. It is known that the refrigerant is saturated liquid at the end of
the heat rejection process, and the net work input to the cycle is 15 kJ. Determine
(a) the fraction of the mass of the refrigerant that vaporizes during the
heat addition process, and
(b) the pressure at the end of the heat rejection process.