2017-64 (Characteristics of Diferent Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments NATIONAL ‘Weare | Help Search » INSTRUMENTS al . ce Characteristics of Different Smoothing Windows fo simplify choosing a smoothing window, you need to define various characteristics so that You can make comparisons between smoothing windows, An actual plot of 8 smoatying LABVIEW 2034 Help Window shows trat eve frequency’ characterise of te sreoothing window Is 2 continuous Spectrum with main lobe and several side lobes. The following front panel shows the Edition Date: June 2013, Spectrum ofa typical smoothing window. part Numbers 371363008 View Product Info Download Hel (Windows only) Widow Freaieney Remorse welche Leet ain Lobe ih Frequency Main Lobe The center of the main lobe of @ smoothing window occurs st each frequency component of the time-domain signal By Convention, to characterize the shape of the maln lobe, the widths of the main lobe at “3 4B and “6 d8 below the main lobe peak describe the width of the main lobe, The unk of measure for tre main lobe widkh is FFT bins or frequency Ines. The width of the main tobe of the smoothing window spectrum tits the frequency resolution of the windowed signal Therefore, the ability to distinguish two closely spacee f-equency components Increases as the main lobe of the smoothing window narrows. As the main lobe narrows and spectral resolucon improves, te window energy spreads into ts side lobes, Increasing spectral leakage and decreasing amplitude accuracy. A trade-off occurs between amplitude accuracy ane spectral resolution. Side Lobes Side tobes occur on each sige af the main lobe and approach zero at multiples of f/ from the main ibe. The side abe characterises ofthe smoothing window directly affect the extent to which adjacent frequency components leak Into acjacent Frequency bins. Te sidelobe response of a strong sinusoidal signal can overpower the main Tobe response of 9 nearby weak Sinusoicl signal Maximum sidelobe level an side lobe rolhoff rate characterize te sie lobes of a smoothing window. The maximum side lobe level isthe largest sidelobe level in decibels Feltve to the man labe peak gain. The sige lobe raat rate is the asymptotic decay rata in decibels por decade of frequency of the peaks of the sidelobes. The following tabla sts the charactorsties of [Smoothing ]-3.4B Main Lobe |-64BMain Lobe [Maximum Side Labe [Side Lobe Roll-OMf Rate window [width (bins) width (bins) Level (a8) (dB decade) oes aa a3 20 ectongu Hamming [3° p82 “3 pe Backman. |? p27 a po Exact lackman |! P25 ree 0 boamen PS p30 = eo hpiore.i.comitefeencaler- X¥/help/371961H-0'lvanlsconcepssichar_smacthin_ windows “m2017-64 (Characteristics of Diferent Smonshing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Insrumers Fiat Top 72 +58 Las 0 Rectangular (None) The rectangular window has @ value of one over its length. The folowing equation defines the rectangular window. wo) 2 for = 0, 4,2, n N= CAD where Wis the length ofthe wingow and w isthe window value Applying a rectangular window is equivalent to not using any window because the rectangular function just truncates the signal to within a fine tie interval The rectangUlar window has the highest amount of spectral leakage he following front panel shows the rectangular window for N eclargusrWrdew 1a 5 ao 16 20 2 30 ‘The rectangular window is useful for analyzing transients that have a duration shor Signals that exist only fora snort tme duration. The rectan ter than thet of the window, Transients are Jar wingow also le usec In order tracking, where te artactye Sampling rate fs proportional to the speed of the shaft in rotating machines, In order tracking, te rectangular window detec the main mode of vibration of the machine ang its harmonics Bohman he following equation defines the Bohman window. (etl oll (ole form = 0,1,2, moh N= 4, where Wis the length of the window. The following front panel shows @ Bohman window with N= 32 cxhmen Window oe] oe oe o2 LABVIEW convolutes two sine lobes of haf length to obta in the Bohman window. The folowing front panel shows the sine lobe. 5 oe oa oz Hanning ‘The Honning window hes e shope similr to thot of half 9 cycle ofa cosine wave, The following equation defines the Henning window. Win) = 05~23c0s282 (¢) where Wis the length ofthe wingow and w isthe window valve The folowing front panel shows @ Hanning window with W hpizore.i.comitefeencaler- X¥/help'371961H-O'vanlsconcepssichar_smacthin windows ant2017-64 (Characteristics of Different Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Insrumerts Henne Wind 105 os Ce o 5 Wt a db oe he Hanning window suet or analyzing Warslens longer tan te me carton a e window and for generakourpose The Hamming window is a mocified version ofthe Hanning window. The shape of the Hamming window is similar te that of @ Cosine wave. The folowing equation defines the Famming window. wo) = 954 06st (0) for = 0,1, 2,04M=2 were Wis the length ofthe wingow and w isthe window valve ‘The Following front panel shows a Hamming window with N= 32, Horning Wickes 104 54 54 044 024 re b8 wos a ao ‘The Hanning ana Hamming windows are similar, as shown in the previous two front panels. However, the time domain, the Hamming window does not get 22 close to Zara near the edges 2¢ dase the Hanning window. Kalser-Bessel he Kalser- Bessel window ie a flexible smoothing window whose shape you can modlly by adjusting the beta input. Thus ‘depending on the application, yourcan chenge the shape of the window to control the amount of spectral leakage. ‘The Following front panel shows the Kaiser-Besse! window for different values of beta ‘Keigeesel Window ela =D ] | os st a5 ts aos Kaiser esl Winn (ot 104 as aa eed o 5 io is a 2s wo a5 Keizer Bessel Wisi fla =5) 10 os Ce er ere tsb ho For smal values of beta, the shape is close to that of a rectangular winéow. Actually for beta window. As you increase beta, te window tapers off more tothe sides. 0. you do get a rectangular ‘The Kaiger-Bessel window is useful for detecting two signals of almost the same frequency but wi ampltudes th significant cifferent Low Sidelobe ‘The Low Sidelobe window reduces the level ofthe side lobe at the cost of Broadening the main lobe. The following equation defines the Low Sidelobe window. hpizore.i.comitefeencaler- X¥/help'371961H-O'vanlsconcepssichar_smacthin windows ant2017-64 (Characteristics of Diferent Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments tn) = So Cartes costion (@) fe where Wis the length of the window e ay = 0.17559428 a5 = 0.028497078, he following front panel shows a Low Sicelobe window with N = 32. Low sidelobe wow oe] ied Bartlett-Hanning ‘The masified Bartlett-Htanning window isan integration of the Bartlet ané Henning windows. The following equation defines the modified BarletsHanning window, nin} 0.62045] [f-09 r0eeof2m% oi) cry for = 0, 1,2, uN ~ 2, where Ns the length ofthe window. ‘The folowing front panel shows » modified Bartet-Hanning window with N= 32 ‘Nodfed eardet-Hannng Windon FF oe 024 Bartiett-Hanning windows. Tarale Herning ico zi 300 400 500 6d 700 to Parzen “The Parzen window is 2 piecewise cubic curve window obtained by the convolution of two triangles of half lenath or four Fecrangies of one-fourth length The folowing equation defines the Parzen window (eee eee WE os nn) = @ afloat a, for = 0, 1,2, uj ~ 1, where Ns the length of tre window. hpizore.i.comitefeencaler- X¥/help'371961H-O'vanlsconcepssichar_smacthin windows ant2017-64 (Characteristics of Diferent Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments The following front panel shows @ Parzen window with N = 32. ataen indo ie oe on 02 51 1 Triangle | eo where Ws the length ofthe window and w isthe window value he following front panel shows a triangh Trang Wado 104 incow for W = 32. ab 16 20 2 30 ab Welch ‘The Welch window is @ continuous polynomial window. The folowing equation defines the Welch window. (52h © moyen (255 for 9 = 0, 1,2, un = 1, where Ns the length ofthe window. The following front panel shows @ Weich window with N = 32. Wake Win oe] oe oe o2 DS bs as Flat Top ‘The flat top window has the best amplitude accuracy of al the smoothing windows defines the la top window men) = St Cantey cowie) (gy fe a0 = 0.215578088, ay = o.416631580 9) = 0.083578947, 2g = 0,006947368, ‘The following frant panel shows a flat top window. hpizore.i.comitefeencaler- X¥/help'371961H-O'vanlsconcepssichar_smacthin windows ‘The shape of the tiangle window (Bartlet Window) is that ofa trangl. The folowing equation defines the trangle window. 0,02 68 for signals exactly between Integral eyeles. Because the fat top Window has a wide main labs, thas pear frequency resolution. The following equsbon sit2017-64 (Characteristics of Different Smonshing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments Flettop Window 10 08 on a4 02 oo 02 Oe ses The at top window is most useful in accurately measuring the amplitude of single frequency components with ite nearby spectral energy in the signa Exponential The shape of the exponential window is that of a decaying exponental. The following equation defines the exponential window. (22) fos) vig)= for 0,1, 2504-2 were Wis the length ofthe winow, w isthe window vale, and Fis the final valve, “The intial value of the window is one end gradually decays toward zero, You can adjust the final value ofthe exponential window to betwsen 0 and The following front panel shows the exponential window for W = 32, withthe final value specified as 0. Trecrental indo 10 e+ oe- ne 024 ee o 5 Wt a os oe he exponential window is useful for analyzing transient response signals whose duration is longer tan the length of the window. The exponential window darps the end ofthe signal, ensuring thatthe signal fully decays by the end ofthe sample Block. You can apply the exponential window to signals that decay exponentially, such as the response of suctures wits ght ‘damping that are exerted by an Impact, such as the impact of a hemme Exact Blackman ‘The Following equation defines the Exact Blackmen window win) = ap ~ axcostea) + apcos(2e) (L) form = 0,1,2,.0,N=tand where Nis the length of the window a0 = 7938/18608, a; = 9240/18608, ap = 1430/18608, coc Bonn indo re he Exact Blackman window is useful for single tone measurement. The Exact Blackman window has a lower main lobe width ‘and a lower maximum side lobe level than the Blackman window, However, tre Blackman window has a higher side lobe rolFoff fate than the Exact Blackman window: Blackman hpizore.i.comitefeencaler- X¥/help'371961H-O'vanlsconcepssichar_smacthin windows ent2017-64 (Characteristics of Diferent Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments ‘The Blackman window is # modifiee version of the Exact Blackman window. The following equation defines the Blackman w(n) = 0.42 ~ 0.50eas(ea) + 0.08c05(200) (M) for = 0, 1,2, =2 where Ws the length ofthe winow and 210 The folloning front panel shows the Blackman window for W = 32. eden Hiro iG 1 mm om ‘The Blackman window is useful for single tone measurement because it has a low maximum side lobe level and @ high side Tobe roll-off rate, Blackman-Harris ‘The Blackman-Harrs window is a mocitied version of the Exact Blackman window. The following equation defines the Blackmon-Harris window. mn) 422323 ~ 0,48755c0s(en) + 0.07922c08(200) (N) where WIs the length ofthe wincow ang he following front panel shows the Blackman-Harrs winéow for N = 32. Badman Hare Vion re o 3 0 ob oe om The Blackman-Harris window is useful for single tone measurement. The Blackman-Harrs window has a wider main lobe and a Tower maximum sie lobe level than the Exact Blackman window. Blackman-Nuttall ‘The Blackman-Nuttall window is a modified version of the Exact Blackman window. The following equation defines the Blackman-hutall wincow. w(n) = 0,2635819 - 0,4891775cos(en) + 0.236599Sc0s(2re) - 0.020662 3¢08(22) (0) for = 0, 1, 2p. N= 1 where Wis the length ofthe window ang ‘The following front panel shows the Slackman-Nutall window for W = 32. hpizore.i.comitefeencaler- X¥/help'371961H-O'vanlsconcepssichar_smacthin windows mm2017-64 (Characteristics of Different Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments acinar uta Window re The Blackman-Nutall window is useful for single tone measurement. Among the Blackman, Exact Blackman, Blackman-Harris, The following front panel shows the frequency spectrums of the Blackman, Exact Blackman, Blackman-Harris, and Blackman- Nuttall wincows ttn Fatthstnon sexkersans sediment os 100 180 ato 280 oto a0 ado eo SDs eco e700 amex 90 st t000 1050 General Cosine The following equation defines the general cosine window. v0) = Saag costed (P) a Ee for n= 0, 1,2; 48 = Land where Wis the length ofthe winéow and m isthe number of coefficients that define the general cosine window, “The fllowing front panel shows the general cosine window for Ort7$524280, 0026497078, and 0.00ize23e7, 32 with coefficients 0,323215218, 0,471492057, Grate Cone Wind iq o.5 0 om oe om os The Hanning, Hamming, Flat Top window, and Blackman windows are special cases of the general cosine window, Cosine Tapered oe) es fence 2529) ghee rene ona mn bs Ben “o @ Wis the length of the window ris the ratio ofthe total length of the tapered section to the whole signal length pizore.i.comireferencale- XX/halp/371351H-Otvanlsconcepsichar_smocthing windows! ant2017-64 (Characteristics of Diferent Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments The following front panel shows the cosine tapered window for W = 32 and r= 0.8, ano Tapered Wind] a 5m oon The cosine tapered window smoothly sets the data to zero atthe boundaries without reducing significantly the processing gain of the windowed transform Gaussian ‘The folowing equation defines the Gaussian window sadn) <2 OF (Ry where Ws the length ofthe wingow, m= (W-1)/2.0, nd Gis the standard deviation of the Gaussian window. ne following front panel shows the Gaussian window for N= 32 anéo = 0.2 The Gaussian window is useful for time-frequency analysis because the Fourier transform and the derivative of a Gaussian window both are Gaussian functions. For example, a Short-Time Fourler Transform with # Gaussian window isthe Gabor tranform, Dolph-Chebyshev wa fe 2s, ong eeg-2e9] © for n= 0, 1, 2yayN=2 where Wis the length of the window ‘isthe height ratio of the main lobe to the side Ibe in dB ithe m-th order Chebyshev polynomial ‘The folowing front panel shows the Dolph-Chebyshev window for N = 22 and lobe rato 60. hpizore.i.comitefeencaler- X¥/help'371961H-O'vanlsconcepssichar_smacthin windows ont2017-64 (Characteristics of Different Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments Delph hebishov Window i The s paramster adjusts the side lobe level ofthe Dolsh-Chebyshev window. The lower the sidelobe level, the wider the main Tobe. he following front panel shows the fast Fourier transforms ef Oolphechebyshev windows with s = 80, 100 and 120 d8, Aa so 100 150 ato 250 oto 80 adn 0S Soca 0 wee 80° 10001050 the same height as shown in the folowing front panel All sie lobe levels ofthe symmetric Dlph-Chebyshev window ha ugh 80 20 200 80° 10001050 Force The folowing equation defines the force window, 0 aleewher o 2)(Ny (duty eye), where Wis the Iongth ofthe window and duty cyte Is the percentage of time the signal remains high low over one period. ne following front panel shows the force window for W = 32 and auty eyele 0. Force Window s You can use a force window to analyze transients pizore.i.comireferencale- XX/halp/371351H-Otvanlsconcepsichar_smocthing windows! soore (Characteristics of Diferent Smonthing Windows - LabVIEW 2011 Help - National Instruments Your Feedback! «Poor | Excellent Yes. No Document Qualty? Answered Your Question? ( pAddComments 1 «23 8S Wy Profle | Prvacy | Legal | Contact NI © 2017 Nairat instruments Crprtn ants vesenec. 1 BZLE-Mail his Page pizore.i.comireferencale- XX/halp/371351H-Otvanlsconcepsichar_smocthing windows! wm