SIMPLE STRAIN

(Lecture 4)
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies (MEC32)
Engr. Derwin Daniel C. Bautista
Instructor, School of CEGE
Mapua Institute of Technology
 DEFORMATION AND STRAIN
Deformation
Refers to the body's change in dimension (size) and
shape due to forces or loads applied in it.
Strain
Ratio of the change in dimension to the original
dimension.

Hooke's Law
States that "Stress is directly proportional to strain within
the proportional limit."
 STRESS AND STRAIN
Elastic Limit
The stress beyond which
the material is no longer
elastic (behavior in which
material will return to its
original shape upon
removal of load).
Yield Point
Point where the stress-
strain diagram becomes
almost horizontal and in
beyond which yielding will
occur on the material
(deformation without load
increase).
 STRESS AND STRAIN
Ultimate Stress
Highest stress in the stress - strain curve.
Rupture Stress
Stress in which failure occurs.
Working Stress
Refers to the maximum allowable safe axial stress for
design.
Factor of Safety
Ratio of the ultimate or yield stress to the working
stress.
 STRAIN ENERGY
Refers to the internally stored energy of the
material as it deforms due to the loads subjected
to it.
The area under the stress - strain curve.
Strain - Energy Density
Energy per unit volume.
Modulus of Resilience
Strain energy measured up to the proportional limit.
Modulus of Toughness
Strain energy measured up to the rupture stress.
 PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 1
The following data were obtained during a tension test of an
aluminum alloy. The initial diameter of the test specimen was
0.505 in., and the gage length was 2.0 in.
Load (lb) Elongation (in) Load (lb) Elongation (in)
0 0 14000 0.020
2310 0.0022 14400 0.025
4640 0.0044 14500 0.060
6950 0.0066 14600 0.080
9290 0.0088 14800 0.100
11600 0.0110 14600 0.120
13000 0.0150 13600 Fracture
Plot the stress - strain diagram and determine the following
mechanical properties: (a) Proportional Limit, (b) Modulus of
Elasticity, (c) Yield stress at 0.2% offset, (d) Ultimate Stress,
and (e) Nominal Rupture Stress
 PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 2
The bar ABC in Fig. (a) consists of two cylindrical
segments. The material of the bar has the stress-strain
diagram shown in Fig. (b). Determine the approximate
elongation of the bar caused by the 20-kN axial load.
 PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 3
A steel [E = 200 GPa] rod with a circular cross
section is 7.5-m long. Determine the minimum
diameter required if the rod must transmit a tensile force
of 50 kN without exceeding an allowable stress of 180
MPa or stretching more than 5 mm.

PROBLEM 4
A 12-mm-diameter steel [E = 200 GPa] rod (2) is
connected to a 30-mm-wide by 8-mm-thick
rectangular aluminum [E = 70 GPa] bar (1), as
shown in the figure. Determine the force P required to
stretch the assembly 10.0 mm
 PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 5
Two polymer bars are connected to a rigid plate at B, as
shown in Fig. P5.4. Bar (1) has a cross-sectional area
of 1.65 in.2 and an elastic modulus of 2,400 ksi. Bar
(2) has a cross-sectional area of 0.975 in.2 and an
elastic modulus of 4,000 ksi. Determine the total
deformation of the bar.
 PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 6
A solid 5/8-in. steel [E = 29,000 ksi] rod (1) supports
beam AB, as shown in the figure. If the stress in the rod
must not exceed 30 ksi and the maximum deformation in
the rod must not exceed 0.25 in., determine the
maximum load P that may be supported.
 PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 7
In Fig. P5.16, aluminum [E = 70 GPa] links (1) and
(2) support rigid beam ABC. Link (1) has a cross-
sectional area of 300 mm2 and link (2) has a cross-
sectional area of 450 mm2. For an applied load of P
= 55 kN, determine the rigid beam deflection at point B.
 REFERENCES
Pytel, A., & Kiusalaas, J. (2012).
Mechanics of Materials (2nd ed.).
Cengage Learning.
Hibbeler, R. (2011). Mechanics of
Materials (8th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Pytel, A., & Singer, F. (1987). Strength of
Materials (4th ed.). Harper and Row.