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Dialogue
Xuéyǒu : Xièxie.
学友:谢谢。
Xueyou: Thank you.
Rénměi :
Shì a, zhè xiē zhàopiàn, yǒu de shì zài Běijīng dàxué
xiàoyuán nèi zhào de, yǒu de shì zài gōngyuán lǐ zhào de.
Wǒ xiǎng xuǎn yì xiē hǎo de jì gěi tāmen, ràng tāmen duō
liǎojiě liǎojiě Běijīng.
人美:是啊,这些照片,有的是在北京大学校园内照的,有的是在公园里照的。我
想选一些好的寄给他们,让他们多了解了解北京。
Renmei: Yea, some of these pictures were taken in Beijing University,
some of them in parks. I want to choose some good ones and mail
(the pictures to) them, to let them know more about Beijing.
Xuéyǒu :
Zhè ge zhúyi bú cuò. Wǒ yě yīnggāi jì yì xiē zhàopiàn
gěi wǒ bàba māma hé péngyoumen.
学友:这个主意不错。 我也应该寄一些照片给我爸爸妈妈和朋友们。
Xueyou: That's a good idea. I should mail some pictures to my parents and
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friends too.
Rénměi : Xuéyǒu, nǐ kàn zhè zhāng shì Xiāngshān, mǎn shān de hóngyè,
zhēn měi. Zhè zhāng shì wǒmen zài Běi Dà de xiào ménkǒou,
nǐ shǒu lǐ hái ná zhe gāng mǎi lái de Běijīng dìtú ne.
人美:学友,你看这张是香山,满山的红叶,真美。这张是我们在北大的
校门口,你手里还拿着刚买来的北京地图呢。
Renmei: Xueyou, look, this one is Fragrant Hill. A full hill of red
leaves, so beautiful. This one is at the entrance to Beijing
University. You were holding a map of Beijing that you just bought.
Xuéyǒu : Xiànzài wǒ hái shì suíshēn dài zhe dìtú, wèile bù mí lù.
学友:现在我还是随身带着地图,为了不迷路。
Xueyou: Now I still carry the map with me, in order not to get lost.
Rénměi : Hǎo le, jiù jì zhè xiē zhàopiàn ba. Xiànzài wǒmen yìqǐ qù yóujú ba.
人美:好了,就寄这些照片吧。 现在我们一起去邮局吧。
Renmei: All right, let's mail these pictures. Now Let's go to the post office.
(Zài yǒujú lǐ, Rénměi zài jì xìn, Xuéyǒu zài mǎi míngxìnpiàn.)
(在邮局里, 人美在寄信,学友在买明信片。)
(In the post office, Renmei is mailing a letter, Xueyou is buying post cards)
Yíngyèyuán Jiǎ : Qǐng zài èr hào chuāngkǒu pái duì děng zhe.
营业员甲:请在二号窗口排队等着。
Clerk A: Please stand in the queue at Window 2.
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营业员乙:你需要先买一个国际信封,填好地址後再给我。
Clerk B: You need to buy an international envelope first. Give it
to me after writing down the address.
Rénměi : Wǒ zìjǐ dài zhe xìnfēng, érqiě yǐjīng xiě hǎo dìzhǐ le.
人美:我自己带着信封,而且已经写好地址了。
Renmei: I have an envelop with me, and I have already written down the
address.
Yíngyèyuán yǐ:
Hángkōng xìn tōngcháng xūyào shí dào shíwǔ tiān.
Rúguǒ shì tèkuài zhuāndì, jiù huì kuài de duō. Dàgài
xūyào sān dào wǔ tiān. Dànshì, yóufèi hěn guì.
营业员乙:航空信通常需要十到十五天。 如果是特快专递,就会快得多。 大概
需要三到五天。 但是,邮费很贵。
Clerk B: By airmail it takes ten to fifteen days. If it is express mail,
it will be much faster. It is about three to five days.
However, it (express mail) is quite expensive.
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学友:小姐,我想买一些明信片。
Xueyou: Miss, I would like to buy some postcards.
Yíngyèyuán bǐng: Zhèlǐ yǒu hěn duō zhǒnglèi, yǒu fēngjǐng de, yǒu
rénwù de, hái yǒu dòngwu de, nǐ xǐhuan nǎ yi zhǒng?
营业员丙:这里有很多种类,有风景的,有人物的,还有动物的,你喜欢哪一种?
Clerk C: There are many kinds of postcards here. We have landscapes,
persons, and animals, which do you like?
Xuéyŏu:
Shùnbiàn wèn yí xiàr, rúguŏ wŏ yào qŭ bāoguŏ, xūyào
shénme shŏuxù?
学友:顺便问一下儿,如果我要取包裹,需要什麽手续?
Xueyou: By the way, if I want to pick up a package, what should I do?
Reading
学友和小丁到北京大学学习汉语已经一个多月了。 一个星期天的上午,
片。 有的是从美国带来的旧照片,有的是在北京照的新照片。
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前几天,学友刚刚和小丁一起去邮局, 寄了一些他们在北京照的新照
片给小丁的爸爸﹑妈妈。 学友看着从美国带来的照片,有些是他们两
个人和王老师一起照的, 还有一些是他们学校的风景照。
学友对小丁说:“你看,这些照片里有王老师,还有我们的学校, 我
说:“对,这真是个好主意。 我这儿有王老师在北京的家的地址。 不
过,我听说,中国人写信封的方法跟我们美国人不太一样。 我们打电
话问一下儿林老师吧。”
於是,小丁给林老师打电话。 林老师告诉小丁,写中文信封和写英文
信封是不一样。 写中文信封的时候,信封的中间应该写着收信人的
在北京,寄信的时候应该寄本市信。 小丁和学友按照林老师电话里
业, 所以,他们现在就去邮局寄信给王老师的太太。
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zhuōzi shang fàng zhe hěn duō zhàopiàn. Yǒu de shì cóng Měiguo
dài lái de jiù zhàopiàn, yǒu de shì zài Běijīng zhào de xīn
zhàopiàn.
Qián jǐ tiān, Xuéyǒu gānggāng hé Xiǎo Dīng yìqǐ qù yóujú, jì
le yì xiē tāmen zài Běijīng zhào de xīn zhàopiàn gěi Xiǎo Dīng
de bàba māma. Xuéyǒu kàn zhe cóng Měiguo dài lái de zhàopiàn,
yǒu xiē shì tāmen liǎng ge rén hé Wáng lǎoshī yìqǐ zhào de,
lǎoshī, hái yǒu wǒmen de xuéxiào, wǒmen xuǎn yì xiē jì gěi Wáng
lǎoshī de tàitai ba. Tā kàn le yídìng huìi hěn xǐhuan.” Xiǎo Dīng
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Xiě Zhōngwén xìnfēng deshíhou, xìnfēng de zhōngjiān yīnggāi shì
xiě zhe shōu xìn rén de dìzhǐ. Shōu xìn ren de dìzhǐ xià yīnggāi
xiě zhe shōu xìn ren de xìngmíng. Xìnfēng de yòu xià jiǎo yīnggāi
xiě zhe jì xìn rén de dìzhǐ hé xìngmíng. Lín lǎoshī hái gàosu Xiǎo
yīngāi jì běn shì xìn. Xiǎo Dīng hí Xuéyǒu ànzhào Lín lǎoshī diànhuà
It has been over a month since Xueyou and Xiaoding arrived in Beijing
order. There were many pictures on her desk. Some were old pictures
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brought from the U.S., some were new pictures taken in Beijing. Just
a few days ago, Xueyou went to the post office with Xiaoding and sent
some new pictures they took in Beijing to Xiaoding's mom and dad.
Xueyou was looking at the pictures brought from the U.S. Some were
pictures they took with Teacher Wang, some others were scenic pictures
Teacher Wang in them, and also our school. Let's select some and mail
them to Teacher Wang's wife. She will definitely like them when
I have Teacher Wang's home address in Beijing with me. However, I heard
that the way Chinese address envelopes is different from the way we
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Then, Xiaoding called Teacher Lin. Teacher Lin told Xiaoding, addressing
When writing a Chinese envelope, (one) should write the address of the
(one) should write the name of the receiver. On the right bottom of the
envelope, (one) should write the address and the name of the sender.
Teacher Lin also told Xiaoding that Teacher Wang's wife lives in Beijing;
when (Xiaoding and Xueyou) send the letter, (they) should send it by
local mail.
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Xiaoding and Xueyou wrote the envelope according to what Teacher Lin said
on the phone. They knew that post office in China opens on Saturdays and
Sundays. Therefore, they went to the post office to send the letter to
Grammar
S+V+ 着 +O
a person/people.
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For example:
1.)人美在宿舍等着学友呢。
2.)学友看着人美在北京照的新照片。
3.)王老师喝着从中国带来的龙井茶。
Teacher Wang is drinking the Longjing tea (he) brought from China.
For example:
1.)小丁的桌子上放着很多照片。
2.)信封上写着小丁爸爸的名字。
3.)这间宿舍住着两个美国留学生。
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For example:
1.)小丁拿着一张照片问林老师:“您的这张照片是在北大图书馆照的吗?”
Xiaoding asked Teacher Lin while holding a picture: "Is this picture of
3.)世海拿着一本中文语法书去王老师那儿问问题。
For example:
小丁和学友坐着听王老师说话。
Xiaoding and Xueyou are sitting there listening to Teacher Wang talk.
way:
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*小丁和学友坐着听王老师说话二十分钟。
(5.) The differences between the continuous aspect of an action using the
正在/正/在.
For example:
1.)学友的手里正拿着北京地图呢。
2.)学友来看林老师的时候,外边正下着雨呢。
after the verb (or the first verb in sentences with series of verbal
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the active aspect of an action, and the aspect particles 正在, 正, or 在
For example:
1.)学友正在拿中国地图。
2.)学友拿着中国地图。
(6.) The negative and interrogative forms of the patterns that indicate
a. The negation form of the patterns that indicate the continuous aspect
take the particle 着 out of the sentence. The patterns should be:
S (people/place) + 没有 + V + O
or S + 没有 + V1 + O1 + V2 + O2
For example:
1.)王老师没有喝从北京带来的龙井茶。
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Teacher Wang didn't drink the Longjing tea (he) brought from Beijing.
2.)开开没有穿蓝衣服去幼儿园。
3.)外边没有下雨。
or S + V1 + 着 + O1 + V2 + O2 + 吗/没有?
For example:
1.)这间宿舍住着两个美国留学生吗?
2.)学友拿着中文语法书去图书馆没有?
3.)小丁的桌子上放着她爸爸、妈妈的照片吗?
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S + Bisyllabic/polysyllabic Adj. + 地 + V + O
For example:
课文。
2.)小丁高兴地说:“这是个好主意。”
3.)在北京大学,小丁和学友都努力(地)学习中文。
In Beijing University, Xiaoding and Xueyou are both studying Chinese with
great effort.
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a. Structurally, for the adverbial modifier structure using 地, the
For example:
1.)学友认真地看小丁的照片。
2.)学友看小丁的照片看得很认真。
For example:
朗读得很大声。
2.)世海吃午饭吃得很快。 = 世海很快地吃完午饭。
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c. The complement of degree structure is often used when describing an
habitually.
For example:
1.) 昨天我复习中文复习得很认真。(也可以说“昨天我很认真地复习中文。”)
2.) 我吃饭吃得很快,我姐姐吃饭吃得很慢。
For example:
1.) 明天我要认真地复习中文。(不能说“明天我要复习中文复习得很认真。”)
了解中国了解得很多。”)
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result of an accomplished action, whereas the adverbial modifier
For example:
1.)上个学期, 他学习学得不努力,所以他考试考得不太好。
Last semester, he didn't study hard, so he did not do well in the exam.
2.)这个学期,他应该努力(地)学习。
The noun modified by 有的 can be left out if the noun has appeared
For example:
In the U.S., some people like to eat American food, some like to eat
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2.)在图书馆里,有的学生在看书,有的(学生)在用电脑。
In the library, some students are reading books, some are using
computers.
3.)北京大学有很多外国留学生。 有的是美国人,有的是日本人,有的是欧洲人。
emphasizes plurality.
For example:
是他们学校的照片。
Xiaoding brought some pictures from the U.S. Some were pictures that
Xiaoding and Xueyou took with Teacher Wang, some others were pictures
of their school.
2.)昨天我去书店买了很多中文书。 有些是中文小说,还有一些是中文语法书和
词典。
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I went to the bookstore and bought many Chinese books yesterday. Some
were Chinese novels, some others were Chinese grammar books and
dictionaries.
3.)小丁认识很多中国朋友。 有些是北京大学的学生,还有一些是在公司或者国家
government agencies.
The structure 跟/和...一样 means "the same as...". The negative form
of it, the structure 跟/和...不一样 means "not the same as...". The
S1 + 跟/和 + S2 + (不)一样
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For example:
1.)美国人说的英文跟英国人不太一样。
或者:美国人说的英文跟英国人说的英文不太一样。
The English spoken by Americans is different from the one spoken by the
British.
2.)中国人写信封的方法跟美国人不一样。
The way Chinese write letters is different from the one the Americans
do.
3.)我的中文书跟我朋友的中文书一样。
Speech Pattern
1.)小丁的爸爸、妈妈看着小丁从北京寄来的信和照片,心里很高兴。
While looking at the letter and the pictures that Xiaoding sent from
2.)昨天,我去看我的好朋友的时候,她正吃着她妈妈给她做的点心呢。
Yesterday, when I went to see my good friend, she was eating the pastries
3.)我哥哥的桌子上放着他和他的女朋友的照片。
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4.)我的中国朋友喜欢听着美国流行歌曲整理房间。
5.)你喜欢看着电视做作业吗?
1.)我离开中国来美国留学的那一天, 我妹妹难过地哭了。
The day I left China to come to study in the U.S., my younger sister
cried.
3.)他的爸爸、妈妈为了让他能上有名的大学, 非常辛苦地工作。
His father and mother work very hard so that he can go to a famous
university.
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My Chinese speaking is not very good. Next year, I want to go to
5.)这本书能帮助你更好地了解中国文化。
Xueyou told Xiaoding that tomorrow Teacher Lin will go with them to
1.)北大的学生都很喜欢锻练。 每天下午,有的学生跑步,有的打球,有的游泳。
民间音乐。
I have a lot of music CDs. Some are American pop music, some are
3.)在美国的大学里,有的学生住学生宿舍,有的住自己租(zu1, rent)房子,有的
住在爸爸、妈妈的家里。
live in a house rented by themselves, some live in their mom's and dad's
house.
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4.)大学毕业以後,有的人开始工作,有的人上研究所。
graduate school.
1.)去纽约的火车上,有些人是去纽约玩儿的,有些人是去工作的, 还有一些人是
On the train to New York, some people go to New York for fun, some go for
是出去玩儿穿的。
She bought many clothes this summer. Some are for class, some are for
一些人在跳健美操。
There are many people doing exercises in the gym. Some people are
running on the running machine, some are practising weight lifting, still
1.)北京的气候跟上海的不太一样。
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The weather in Beijing is not the same as in Shanghai.
2.)他写的字跟他爸爸的字一样漂亮。
writes.
3.)他的中文跟他的英文一样好。
4.)我今天吃的午饭跟昨天吃的一样。
1.)人美自己带着信封去邮局,而且已经写好地址了。
Renmei took her own envelope to the post office, and also had written
2.)今年夏天的天气很热,而且不下雨。
3.)北京是中国的政治经济中心,而且也是中国的文化中心。
4.)学习历史是为了了解过去,而且也是为了指导未来。
future.
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1.)寄特快专递很快,但是邮费很贵。
very expensive.
2.)学习历史很有意思,但是学得好不容易。
开门。
However, the post office in the U.S. does not open on Saturdays and
Sundays.
4.)这家中国餐馆作的菜很地道,但是很贵。
The dishes made in this Chinese restaurant are very authentic; but they
1.)顺便问一下儿, 取包裹需要什麽手续?
By the way, may I ask what procedures are needed for claiming a packet?
2.)今天我去邮局寄信的时候,顺便买了几张明信片。
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When I went to the post office to mail a letter today, I bought some
3.)昨天学友去林老师那儿问问题,顺便借了一本中文语法书。
4.)去年他来美国的时候,顺便去加拿大玩了一个星期。
Last year when he came to the U.S., he went to Canada for a week while
there.
问林老师怎麽写中文信封。
Xiaoding heard that the way Chinese address envelopes is kind of different
from the Americans. Hence, she called Teacher Lin and asked
2.)学友和人美都很想更多地了解中国文化。 於是,他们利用暑假去北京学中文。
Both Xueyou and Renmei would like to know more about Chinese culture.
study Chinese.
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直接去北大医院找负责体检的李大夫。
跟她的男朋友学友这个星期六要去香山玩。
Renmei's Chinese friends told her, the red leaves of the Fragrant Hill
in Beijing are the most beautiful in the Fall. Hence, Renmei and her
1.)小丁和学友按照林老师电话里说的,写好了信封。
Xiaoding and Xueyou addressed the envelope according to what Teacher Lin
2.)小丁按照王老师给他们的电话号码,给王老师的太太打电话。
Using the phone number that Teacher Wang gave them, Xiaoding and Xueyou
3.)学友按照刘老师说的, 直接去北大医院找李大夫体检。
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4.)人美按照大夫给她开的药方(ya4ofa1ng, prescription), 买了一些中药。
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