SRM UNIVERSITY

RAMAPURAM PART- VADAPALANI CAMPUS, CHENNAI 600 026

Department of Mathematics
Sub Title: STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL METHODS
Sub Code: MA1006A
Unit -IV - FINITE DIFFERENCES AND INTERPOLATION
FORMULA:

1. Newtons divided difference interpolation formula

f (x)= f ( ) +(x- ) f ( x0 , x1 ) ( x x0 )( x x1 ) f ( x0 , x1 , x2 ) ( x x0 )( x x1 )( x x2 ) f ( x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ) ........

2. Newtons Forward Interpolation Formula

3.. Newtons Backward Interpolatiuon Formula

Y=

4. Lagranges Interpolation Formula

( x x1 )( x x2 )...........( x xn ) ( x x0 )( x x2 )...........( x xn )
Y= y0 y1
( x0 x1 )( x0 x2 )...........( x0 xn ) ( x1 x0 )( x1 x2 )...........( x1 xn )

( x x0 )( x x1 )...........( x xn ) ( x x0 )( x x1 )...........( x xn1 )

y 2 .+. yn
( x2 x0 )( x2 x1 )...........( x2 xn ) ( xn x0 )( xn x1 )...........( x0 xn1 )

5. Inverse Interpolation

( y y1 )( y y 2 )...........( y y n ) ( y y 0 )( y y 2 )...........( y y n )
Y= x0 x1
( y 0 y1 )( y 0 y 2 )...........( y 0 y n ) ( y1 y 0 )( y1 y 2 )...........( y1 y n )

( y y0 )( y y1 )...........( y y n ) ( y y 0 )( y y1 )...........( y y n1 )
x2 .+. xn
( y 2 y0 )( y 2 y1 )...........( y 2 y n ) ( y n y 0 )( y n y1 )...........( y 0 y n1 )
[Prepared By Mr R.Manimaran, Assistant Professor,Department Of Mathematics,SRM University,Chennai] Page 1
 PART- A
1) The relation between the operator E and is
a) E = + 1 b)E = (1-) -1 c)E = log(1+) d)E = 1 Ans (a)

2) The relation between the operator E and is

a) = 1-E-1 b) = 1+E c) = 1+E-1 d) E Ans (a)

3) The relation between the operator E and is

1 1 1 1 1 1
a) E 2 E 2 b) E 2 E 2 c) E 2 E 2
d)None Ans (a)

4) The relation between E and

1 2 1 2 1 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
a) E E 2
b) E E 2
c) E E d)None Ans (a)
2 2 2

5) The average operator is defined by

1 h h 1 h h
a) f x f x b) f x f x
2 2 2 2 2 2

1 h h
c) f x f x d)None Ans (a)
2 2 2

6) The value of is

a) E E 1 b) E E 1 c) EE 1 d)None Ans (a)

7) The value of is

a) b) c) d)None Ans (b)

8) What is the vaue of 1 1

a) 1 b) 0 c) 2 d)None Ans (a)

9) If f(x) = 3x 3 2x2 + 1, then 3f(x) is
a) 9 b) 27 c)18 d)24 Ans (c)
10) f (x) .
n

a) a0 n ! h n b) a0 n h n c) a0 n ! d)None Ans (a)

11) The nth divided differences of a polynomial of the nth degree is

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 a)zero b)constant c)variable d)one Ans (b)
12)The (n+1)th order difference of the nth degree polynomial is

a)constant b)zero c)one d)(n+1) Ans (a)

13)Which of the following is correct? [x]n =
a) n! b) n[x]n-1 c)sin[x] d) None Ans (b)

14)Newtons Backward Interpolation formula is used to interpolate the values near the

a)end of the table b)beginning of the table c)middle of the table d)none Ans (a)

15)Newtons forward Interpolation formula is used to interpolate the values near the

a)end of the table b)beginning of the table c)middle of the table d)none Ans (b)

16) Newtons Backward Interpolation formula is

a)y = +p + + +--------
b) y = +p + + +--------
c) y = +p + + +--------
d) y = + p + + +-------- Ans (d)
17) Newtons Forward Interpolation formula is
a)y = +p + + +--------
b) y = +p + + +--------
c) y = +p + + +--------
d) y = +p + + +-------- Ans (a)
19) In a forward differene table, the value of is equal to

a) b) c) d) Ans (a)
20)Newton divided differences and Lagranges Interpolation is used to interpolate the values of

a) equal intervals b)unequal intervals c)means of the intervals d)none Ans (b)
21)Newtons divided difference formula is

a) f ( x) f ( x0 ) ( x x0 ) f ( x0 , x1 ) ( x x0 )( x x1 ) f ( x0 , x1 , x2 ) ..............

b) f ( x) f ( x0 ) ( x x0 ) f ( x0 , x1 ) ( x x0 )( x x1 ) f ( x0 , x1 , x2 ) ..............

c) f ( x) ( x x0 ) f ( x0 , x1 ) ( x x0 )( x x1 ) f ( x0 , x1 , x2 ) ..............

d)None Ans (a)

[Prepared By Mr R.Manimaran, Assistant Professor,Department Of Mathematics,SRM University,Chennai] Page 3

22)Lagranges interpolation formula for x0 , x1 , x2 corresponding to y0 , y1 , y 2 is

x x1 ( x x2 ) x x0 ( x x2 ) x x0 ( x x1 )
a) y0 y1 y
x0 x1 x0 x2 x1 x0 x1 x2 x2 x0 x2 x1 2
x x1 ( x x2 ) x x0 ( x x2 ) x x0 ( x x1 )
b) y0 y1 y
x0 x1 x0 x2 x1 x0 x1 x2 x2 x0 x2 x1 2
x x1 ( x x2 ) x x0 ( x x2 ) x x0 ( x x1 )
c) y0 y1 y
x0 x1 x0 x2 x1 x0 x1 x2 x2 x0 x2 x1 2
d)None Ans (a)

23)Inverse Lagranges interpolation formula for x0 , x1 , x2 corresponding to y0 , y1 , y 2 is

y y1 ( y y 2 ) y y0 ( y y 2 ) y y0 ( y y1 )
a) x0 x1 x
y0 y1 y0 y 2 y1 y0 y1 y 2 y 2 y0 y 2 y1 2
y y1 ( y y 2 ) y y0 ( y y 2 ) y y0 ( y y1 )
b) x0 x1 x
y0 y1 y0 y 2 y1 y0 y1 y 2 y 2 y0 y 2 y1 2
y y1 ( y y 2 ) y y0 ( y y 2 ) y y0 ( y y1 )
c) x0 x x
y0 y1 y0 y 2 y1 y0 y1 y 2 1 y 2 y0 y 2 y1 2
d)None Ans (a)

Relationship between the Operators

E

E E + 1 (1 - )-1 1 + 1/2 2 + (1+ 1/42)

E -1 (1 - )-1 - 1 1/2 2 + (1+ 1/42)

1 - E -1 1 - (1 + )-1 - 1/2 2 + (1+ 1/42)

E1/2 - E-1/2 (1 + )-1/2 (1 - )-1/2

1/2 (E1/2 - E-1/2) (1 + 1/2 )(1 + )1/2 (1 - 1/2 )(1 - )-1/2 (1+ 1/42)

PART B
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