4 /2 3 /2 0 1 7 P ro b a b ility Q u e s tio n s w ith S o lu tio n s

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Tutorialonfindingtheprobabilityofanevent.
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Inwhatfollows,SisthesamplespaceoftheexperimentinquestionandEistheeventofinterest.n(S)is
HIGHSCHOOLMATH
thenumberofelementsinthesamplespaceSandn(E)isthenumberofelementsintheeventE.
FREEPRACTICEFORSAT,ACTANDCOMPASSMATHTESTS MoreInfo
Question1:Adieisrolled,findtheprobabilitythatanevennumberisobtained.

SolutiontoQuestion1:
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LetusfirstwritethesamplespaceSoftheexperiment.
StatisticsandProbabilityProblemswithSolutio
sample3
S={1,2,3,4,5,6}
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LetEbetheevent"anevennumberisobtained"andwriteitdown.
MathWordProblemswithAnswersGrade8
E={2,4,6}
FreeAlgebraQuestionsandProblemswith
Wenowusetheformulaoftheclassicalprobability. Answers

P(E)=n(E)/n(S)=3/6=1/2 MathProblems,QuestionsandOnlineSelfTest

Question2:Twocoinsaretossed,findtheprobabilitythattwoheadsareobtained.

Note:EachcoinhastwopossibleoutcomesH(heads)andT(Tails).

SolutiontoQuestion2:

ThesamplespaceSisgivenby.

S={(H,T),(H,H),(T,H),(T,T)}

LetEbetheevent"twoheadsareobtained".

E={(H,H)}

Weusetheformulaoftheclassicalprobability.

P(E)=n(E)/n(S)=1/4

Question3:Whichofthesenumberscannotbeaprobability?

a)0.00001
b)0.5
c)1.001
d)0
e)1
f)20%

h t t p ://w w w .a n a l y z e m a t h .c o m /s t a t i s t i c s /p r o b a b i l i t y _ q u e s t i o n s .h t m l 1 /4
4 /2 3 /2 0 1 7 P ro b a b ility Q u e s tio n s w ith S o lu tio n s
SolutiontoQuestion3:

Aprobabilityisalwaysgreaterthanorequalto0andlessthanorequalto1,henceonlya)andc)
abovecannotrepresentprobabilities:0.00010islessthan0and1.001isgreaterthan1.

Question4:Twodicearerolled,findtheprobabilitythatthesumis

a)equalto1

b)equalto4

c)lessthan13

SolutiontoQuestion4:

a)ThesamplespaceSoftwodiceisshownbelow.

S={(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6)
(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6)
(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6)
(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6)
(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6)
(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}

LetEbetheevent"sumequalto1".Therearenooutcomeswhichcorrespondtoasumequalto1,
hence

P(E)=n(E)/n(S)=0/36=0

b)Threepossibleoutcomesgiveasumequalto4:E={(1,3),(2,2),(3,1)},hence.

P(E)=n(E)/n(S)=3/36=1/12

c)Allpossibleoutcomes,E=S,giveasumlessthan13,hence.

P(E)=n(E)/n(S)=36/36=1

Question5:Adieisrolledandacoinistossed,findtheprobabilitythatthedieshowsanoddnumber
andthecoinshowsahead.

SolutiontoQuestion5:

ThesamplespaceSoftheexperimentdescribedinquestion5isasfollows

S={(1,H),(2,H),(3,H),(4,H),(5,H),(6,H)
(1,T),(2,T),(3,T),(4,T),(5,T),(6,T)}

LetEbetheevent"thedieshowsanoddnumberandthecoinshowsahead".EventEmaybe
describedasfollows

E={(1,H),(3,H),(5,H)}

TheprobabilityP(E)isgivenby

P(E)=n(E)/n(S)=3/12=1/4

Question6:Acardisdrawnatrandomfromadeckofcards.Findtheprobabilityofgettingthe3of
diamond.

SolutiontoQuestion6:

ThesamplespaceSoftheexperimentinquestion6isshwonbelow

h t t p ://w w w .a n a l y z e m a t h .c o m /s t a t i s t i c s /p r o b a b i l i t y _ q u e s t i o n s .h t m l 2 /4
4 /2 3 /2 0 1 7 P ro b a b ility Q u e s tio n s w ith S o lu tio n s

LetEbetheevent"gettingthe3ofdiamond".Anexaminationofthesamplespaceshowsthatthere
isone"3ofdiamond"sothatn(E)=1andn(S)=52.HencetheprobabilityofeventEoccurringis
givenby

P(E)=1/52

Question7:Acardisdrawnatrandomfromadeckofcards.Findtheprobabilityofgettingaqueen.

SolutiontoQuestion7:

ThesamplespaceSoftheexperimentinquestion7isshwonabove(seequestion6)

LetEbetheevent"gettingaQueen".Anexaminationofthesamplespaceshowsthatthereare4
"Queens"sothatn(E)=4andn(S)=52.HencetheprobabilityofeventEoccurringisgivenby

P(E)=4/52=1/13

Question8:Ajarcontains3redmarbles,7greenmarblesand10whitemarbles.Ifamarbleisdrawn
fromthejaratrandom,whatistheprobabilitythatthismarbleiswhite?

SolutiontoQuestion8:

Wefirstconstructatableoffrequenciesthatgivesthemarblescolordistributionsasfollows

color frequency
red 3
green 7
white 10

Wenowusetheempiricalformulaoftheprobability

Frequencyforwhitecolor
P(E)= ________________________________________________
Totalfrequenciesintheabovetable

=10/20=1/2

Question9:Thebloodgroupsof200peopleisdistributedasfollows:50havetypeAblood,65haveB
bloodtype,70haveObloodtypeand15havetypeABblood.Ifapersonfromthisgroupisselectedat
random,whatistheprobabilitythatthispersonhasObloodtype?

SolutiontoQuestion9:

Weconstructatableoffrequenciesforthethebloodgroupsasfollows

group frequency
a 50
B 65
O 70
AB 15

Weusetheempiricalformulaoftheprobability

FrequencyforOblood
P(E)= ________________________________________________
Totalfrequencies

h t t p ://w w w .a n a l y z e m a t h .c o m /s t a t i s t i c s /p r o b a b i l i t y _ q u e s t i o n s .h t m l 3 /4
4 /2 3 /2 0 1 7 P ro b a b ility Q u e s tio n s w ith S o lu tio n s

=70/200=0.35

Exercises:

a)Adieisrolled,findtheprobabilitythatthenumberobtainedisgreaterthan4.

b)Twocoinsaretossed,findtheprobabilitythatoneheadonlyisobtained.

c)Twodicearerolled,findtheprobabilitythatthesumisequalto5.

d)Acardisdrawnatrandomfromadeckofcards.FindtheprobabilityofgettingtheKingofheart.

Answerstoaboveexercises:

a)2/6=1/3

b)2/4=1/2

c)4/36=1/9

d)1/52

Morereferencesonelementarystatisticsandprobabilities.

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