[IAS 2010] In the context of space technology, what is Bhuvan, recently in the news?

A A mini satellite launched by ISRO for promoting the distance education in India
B The name given to the next Moon Impact Probe, for Chandrayan-II
C A geoportal of ISRO with 3D imaging capabilities of India
Note4students
D A space telescope @IAS Prelims
developed 2017
by India Other CD Listicles http://www.civilsdaily.com/topic/pre-compilations-g
Ans. C

ISRO launched the beta version of its web-based 3-D satellite imagery tool, Bhuvan, in 2009. Bhuvan offers supeior imagery of
satellite mapping tool similar to Google Earth. It offers resolution up to 10 metres and is considered as a rival to Google Earth a

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offers supeior imagery of Indian locations compared to other Virtual Globe softwares. Bhuvan is a
a rival to Google Earth and Wikimapia.

(to cover related static topics), we launched a course with Sneha Ma'am

a part of it as well for FREE

Name Year of Launch Type

GSAT-6 2015 Sattelites

RESOURCESAT-2A 2016 Sattelites

SCATSAT-1 2016 Sattelites

INSAT-3DR 2016 Sattelites

CARTOSAT-2 Series
2016 Sattelites
Satellite
INSAT-3D 2013 Sattelites

SARAL 2013 Sattelites

RISAT-1 2012 Sattelites

Megha-Tropiques 2011 Sattelites

RESOURCESAT-2 2011 Sattelites

CARTOSAT-2B 2010 Sattelites

Oceansat-2 2009 Sattelites

RISAT-2 2009 Sattelites

IMS-1 2008 Sattelites

CARTOSAT 2A 2008 Sattelites

CARTOSAT-2 2007 Sattelites

CARTOSAT-1 2005 Sattelites

IRS-P6 / RESOURCESAT-1 2003 Sattelites

The Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)2001 Sattelites

Oceansat(IRS-P4) 1999 Sattelites

IRS-1D 1997 Sattelites

IRS-P3 1996 Sattelites

IRS-1C 1995 Sattelites

IRS-P2 1994 Sattelites

IRS-1E 1993 Sattelites

IRS-1B 1991 Sattelites

SROSS-2 1988 Sattelites

IRS-1A 1988 Sattelites

Rohini Satellite RS-D2 1983 Sattelites

Bhaskara-II 1981 Sattelites

Rohini Satellite RS-D1 1981 Sattelites

Bhaskara-I 1979 Sattelites

GSAT-18 2016 Space Technology

GSAT-15 2015 Space Technology

GSAT-6 2015 Space Technology

GSAT-16 2014 Space Technology

GSAT-14 2014 Space Technology

GSAT-7 2013 Space Technology

GSAT-10 2012 Space Technology

GSAT-12 2011 Space Technology

GSAT-8 2011 Space Technology

GSAT-5P 2010 Space Technology

GSAT-4 2010 Space Technology

INSAT-4CR 2007 Space Technology

INSAT-4B 2007 Space Technology

INSAT-4C 2006 Space Technology

INSAT-4A 2005 Space Technology

HAMSAT 2005 Space Technology

EDUSAT 2004 Space Technology

INSAT-3E 2003 Space Technology

GSAT-2 2003 Space Technology

INSAT-3A 2003 Space Technology

KALPANA-1 2002 Space Technology

INSAT-3C 2002 Space Technology

GSAT-1 2001 Space Technology

INSAT-3B 2000 Space Technology

INSAT-2E 1999 Space Technology

INSAT-2D 1997 Space Technology

INSAT-2C 1995 Space Technology

INSAT-2B 1993 Space Technology

INSAT-2A 1992 Space Technology

INSAT-1D 1990 Space Technology

INSAT-1C 1988 Space Technology

INSAT-1B 1983 Space Technology

INSAT-1A 1982 Space Technology

Chandrayaan-1 2008 Space Missions

Mars Orbiter Mission 2013 Space Missions

ASTROSAT 2015 Space Missions

Details Launch Vehicle

1.GSAT-6 is a communication satellite.

2.GSAT- 6 features an unfurlable antenna, largest on board
GSLV-D6
any satellite. Launch of GSLV-D6 also marks the success of
indigenously developed upper stage cryogenic engine

1. RESOURCESAT-2A is a Remote Sensing satellite

intended for resource monitoring.
2. RESOURCESAT-2A is a follow on mission to
RESOURCESAT-1 and RESOURCESAT-2
3. RESOURCESAT-2A is intended to continue the remote PSLV-C36
sensing data services to global users provided by
RESOURCESAT-1 and RESOURCESAT-2

1. SCATSAT-1 is a continuity mission for Oceansat-2

Scatterometer
2. Aims to provide wind vector data products for weather
PSLV-C35 /
forecasting, cyclone detection and tracking services to the
SCATSAT-1
users.
3. The satellite carries Ku-band Scatterometer similar to the
one flown onboard Oceansat-2.

1. INSAT-3DR similar to INSAT-3D, is an advanced

meteorological satellite of India configured with an imaging
System and an Atmospheric Sounder.
2. It has imaging in Middle Infrared band to provide night
GSLV-F05 / INSAT-
time pictures of low clouds and fog
3DR
3. Imaging in two Thermal Infrared bands for estimation of
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) with better accuracy
4. Higher Spatial Resolution in the Visible and Thermal
Infrared bands

1. After its injection into a 505 km polar Sun Synchronous

Orbit by PSLV-C34, the satellite was brought to operational
configuration following which it will begin providing regular
remote sensing services using Panchromatic and Multi-
spectral cameras.
2. The imagery of Cartosat-2 series satellite will be useful PSLV-C34 /
cartographic applications, urban and rural applications, CARTOSAT-2 Series
coastal land use and regulation, utility management like road Satellite
network monitoring, water distribution, creation of land use
maps, precision study, change detection to bring out
geographical and manmade features and various other Land
Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information
System (GIS) applications.
1. INSAT-3D is an advanced weather satellite of India
configured with improved Imaging System and Atmospheric
Sounder.
2. INSAT-3D is designed for enhanced meteorological
Ariane-5 VA-214
observations, monitoring of land and ocean surfaces,
generating vertical profile of the atmosphere in terms of
temperature and humidity for weather forecasting and
disaster warning.

1. The Satellite with ARGOS and ALTIKA (SARAL) is a joint

Indo-French satellite mission for oceanographic studies.
PSLV-C20/SARAL
2. SARAL performs altimetric measurements designed to
study ocean circulation and sea surface elevation.

1. Radar Satellite-1 (RISAT-1) is a state of the art Microwave

Remote Sensing Satellite carrying a Synthetic Aperture
Radar (SAR) Payload operating in C-band (5.35 GHz)
2. It enables imaging of the surface features during both day PSLV-C19/RISAT-1
and night under all weather conditions.
3. Active Microwave Remote Sensing provides cloud
penetration and day-night imaging capability.

1. Megha-Tropiques is an Indo-French Joint Satellite Mission

2. For studying the water cycle and energy exchanges in the
tropics.
3. The main objective of this mission is to understand the life
cycle of convective systems that influence the tropical
weather and climate and their role in associated energy and
moisture budget of the atmosphere in tropical regions.
PSLV-C18/Megha-
4. Megha-Tropiques provides scientific data on the
Tropiques
contribution of the water cycle to the tropical atmosphere,
with information on condensed water in clouds, water vapour
in the atmosphere, precipitation, and evaporation.
5. With its circular orbit inclined 20 deg to the equator, the
Megha-Tropiques is a unique satellite for climate research
that should also aid scientists seeking to refine prediction
models.

1. RESOURCESAT-2 is a follow on mission to

RESOURCESAT-1 and the eighteenth Remote Sensing
satellite built by ISRO. PSLV-
2. RESOURCESAT-2 is intended to continue the remote C16/RESOURCESAT-
sensing data services to global users provided by 2
RESOURCESAT-1, and to provide data with enhanced
multispectral and spatial coverage as well.

1. CARTOSAT - 2B is the seventeenth satellite in the Indian

Remote Sensing Satellite series (IRS).
2. CARTOSAT-2B carries a Panchromatic camera (PAN) PSLV-
similar to those of its predecessors - CARTOSAT-2 and 2A. C15/CARTOSAT-2B
3. It is capable of imaging a swath (geographical strip) of 9.6
km with a resolution of better than 1 metre.
1. Oceansat-2 satellite mainframe systems derive their
heritage from previous IRS missions
2. It carries three payloads:
Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) PSLV-C14 /
Ku-band Pencil Beam scatterometer (SCAT) developed by OCEANSAT-2
ISRO
Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmosphere (ROSA)
developed by the Italian Space Agency.

1. RISAT-2 is a Radar Imaging Satellite with all weather

capability to take images of the earth.
PSLV-C12 / RISAT-2
2. This Satellite enhances ISRO's capability for Disaster
Management applications.
IMS-1, previously referred to as TWSat (Third World
PSLV-C9 /
Satellite), is a low-cost microsatellite imaging mission of
CARTOSAT 2A
ISRO

1. CARTOSAT 2A is the thirteenth satellite in the Indian

Remote Sensing Satellite series (IRS).
2. It is a sophisticated and rugged remote sensing satellite
that can provide scene specific spot imagery.
3. This satellite carried a Panchromatic Camera (PAN). PSLV-C9 /
4. Imageries from this satellite were used for cartographic CARTOSAT 2A
applications like mapping, urban and rural infrastructure
development and management, as well as application in
Land Information (LIS) and Geographical Information
System (GIS).

Cartosat-2 is an advanced remote sensing satellite; weighing PSLV-C7 /

around 680 kg CARTOSAT-2 / SRE-1

1. CARTOSAT1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing Satellite

capable of providing in-orbit stereo images.
2. The images were used for Cartographic applications
meeting the global requirements.
3. Cameras of this satellite have a resolution of 2.5m (can PSLV-C6/CARTOSAT-
distinguish a small car). 1/HAMSAT
4. The Cartosat1 provided stereo pairs required for
generating Digital Elevation Models, Ortho Image products,
and Value added products for various applications of
Geographical Information System (GIS).

1. RESOURCESAT-1 is the tenth satellite of ISRO in IRS

series
2. Intended to not only continue the remote sensing data
services provided by IRS-1C and IRS-1D, both of which PSLV-C5
have far outlived their designed mission lives, but also to /RESOURCESAT-1
vastly enhance the data quality.
3. RESOURCESAT-1 is the most advanced Remote Sensing
Satellite built by ISRO as of 2003.
1. The Technology Experiment Satellite (TES), weighing
1108 kg
2. TES is an experimental satellite to demonstrate and
validate the technologies like attitude and orbit control
system, high-torque reaction wheels, new reaction control
system, light-weight spacecraft structure, solid state PSLV-C3 / TES
recorder, X-band phased array antenna, improved satellite
positioning system, miniaturised TTC and power systems
and, two-mirror-on-axis camera optics.
3. TES also carried a panchromatic camera for remote
sensing experiments.

1. IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT) is the first satellite primarily built for

Ocean applications
2. It weighed 1050 kg placed in a Polar Sun Synchronous
orbit of 720 km
3. It was launched by PSLV-C2
4. This satellite carries Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a
PSLV-C2/IRS-P4
Multi - frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR)
for oceanographic studies.
5. IRS-P4 thus vastly augment the IRS satellite system of
ISRO comprising four satellites, IRS-1B, IRS-1C, IRS-P3
and IRS-1D and extend remote sensing applications to
several newer areas.

1. IRS 1D was a follow on satellite to IRS 1C belongs to

the second generation of IRS series of Satellites.
2. It has 3 payloads viz., PAN, LISS 3 & WiFS.
3. It has similar capabilities as IRC 1C in terms of spatial
resolution, spectral bands, stereoscopic imaging, wide field PSLV-C1 / IRS-1D
coverage and revisit capability.
4. The improvements carried out in the IRS 1D satellite
taking into account the IRS 1C experiences have resulted
in better quality imageries.

1. IRS-P3 carries two remote sensing payloads - Wide Field

Sensor (WiFS).
2. It is similar to that of IRS-1C, with an additional Short
Wave Infrared Band (SWIR) and a Modular Opto-electronic PSLV-D3 / IRS-P3
Scanner (MOS).
3. It also carries an X-ray astronomy payload and a C-band
transponder for radar calibration.

1. IRS-1C is India's second generation operational Remote

Sensing Satellite.
2. The satellite carries Payloads with enhanced capabilities
Molniya
like better Spatial resolution additional spectral band,
improved repetitivity and augment the Remote Sensing
capability of the existing IRS-1A and IRS-1B.
First Spacecraft successfully orbited onboard the second
PSLV-D2
developmental flight of PSLV.
1. IRS-1E satellite was derived from the engineering model
of IRS-1A.
2. It was incorporating a Monocular Electro-Optical Stereo
Scanner developed by DLR, Germany, and a LISS-I camera
PSLV-D1
similar to that on IRS-1A.
3. The mission was not realised due to problems faced by
Launch Vehicle.
4. It was the first development flight of PSLV.

1. Improved features compared to its predecessor.

2. It has gyro referencing for better orientation sensing, time
tagged commanding (IRS-1A) facility for more flexibility in Vostok
camera operation and line count information for better data
product generation.

1. The satellite was launch onboard into second

ASLV-D2
developmental site of ASLV. However did not reach the orbit.

1. IRS-1A, the first of the series of indigenous state-of-art

remote sensing satellites, was successfully launched into a
Vostok
polar sun-synchronous orbit
2. IRS-1A carries two cameras, LISS-I and LISS-II

1. RS-D2 was a 41.5 kg experimental spin stabilized satellite

designed with a power handling capability of 16W.
2. The Smart Sensor Camera was the primary payload
onboard the satellite.
3. It has sent more than 5000 pictures frames in both visible
and infra-red bands for identification of features and SLV-3
demonstrated the technique of determination of attitude and
orbit using images.
4. The camera had on-board processing capability to use the
data for classifying ground features like water, vegetation,
bare land, clouds and snow.

1. Bhaskara II, was launched from Kapustin Yar onboard the

Intercosmos launch vehicle.
2. The main objectives of Bhaskara-II, similar to Bhaskara-I, C-1 Intercosmos
were to conduct earth observation experiments for
applications related to hydrology, forestry, and geology.

1. RS-D1 was a 38 kg experimental spin stabilized satellite

designed with a power handling capability of 16W.
2. The launch was a partial success as the satellite did not
reach the intended height and thus it stayed in orbit for only SLV-3D1
9 days.
3. The satellite carried a solid-state camera using linear
array of detectors for remote sensing applications.

1. The First Experimental Remote Sensing Satellite built in

India.
2. The onboard TV camera imageries were used in the field
C-1Intercosmos
of Hydrology and Forestry.
3. Rich scientific data sent by SAMIR was used for
oceanographic studies.
1. India's latest communication satellite, GSAT-18 was
inducted into the INSAT/GSAT system on October 06, 2016
from Kourou, French Guiana
2. GSAT-18 is designed to provide continuity of services on
Ariane-5 VA-231
operational satellites in C-band, Extended C-band and Ku-
bands.
3. GSAT-18 was launched into a Geosynchronous Transfer
Orbit (GTO) by Ariane-5 VA-231 launch vehicle.

1. GSAT-15, Indias latest Communication Satellite is a high

power satellite being inducted into the INSAT/GSAT system.
2. GSAT-15 carried a total of 24 communication
transponders in Ku-band as well as a GPS Aided GEO
Augmented Navigation (GAGAN).
3. GSAT-15 is the third satellite to carry GAGAN payload Ariane-5 VA-227
after GAST-8 and GSAT-10, which are already providing
navigation services from orbit.
4. GSAT-15, carried a Ku-band beacon as well to help in
accurately pointing ground antennas towards the satellite.
5. GSAT-15 was launched from Kourou, French Guiana

1. GSAT-6 is the twenty fifth geostationary communication

satellite of India built by ISRO and twelfth in the GSAT
series. GSLV-D6
2. After its commissioning, GSAT-6 joined the group of
India's other operational geostationary satellites.

1. GSAT-16 is an advanced communication satellite.

2. It is being inducted into the INSAT-GSAT system.
3. GSAT-16 is configured to carry a total of 48
communication transponders, the largest number of Ariane-5 VA-221
transponders carried by a communication satellite developed
by ISRO so far.

1. GSAT-14 is the twenty third geostationary communication

satellite of India built by ISRO.
2. The main objectives of GSAT-14 mission are:
i) To augment the In-orbit capacity of Extended C and Ku-
band transponders.
ii) To provide a platform for new experiments.
GSLV-D5/GSAT-14
3. Some of the new technologies being tested on GSAT-14
are:
Fibre Optic Gyro
Active Pixel Sun Sensor
Ka band beacon propagation studies
Thermal control coating experiments
1. GSAT-7 is an advanced communication satellite built by
ISRO to provide wide range of service spectrum from low bit
rate voice to high bit rate data communication.
2. GSAT-7 Communication payload is designed to provide
Ariane-5 VA-215
communication capabilities to users over a wide oceanic
region including the Indian land-mass.
3. The GSAT-7 payload design includes Multiband
communication.

1. GSAT-10, Indias advanced communication satellite, is a

high power satellite being inducted into the INSAT system.
2. GSAT-10 is configured to carry 30 communication
transponders in normal C-band, lower extended C-band and
Ku-band as well as a GPS Aided GEO Augmented
Navigation (GAGAN) payload.
Ariane-5 VA-209
3. The GAGAN payload provides the Satellite Based
Augmentation System (SBAS), through which the accuracy
of the positioning information obtained from the GPS
satellites is improved by a network of ground based
receivers and made available to the users in the country
through geo-stationary satellites.

1. GSAT-12 was configured to carry 12 Extended C-band

transponders to meet the country's growing demand for
transponders in a short turn-around-time.
2. The 12 Extended C-band transponders of GSAT-12 PSLV-C17/GSAT-12
augments the capacity in the INSAT system for various
communication services like Tele-education, Telemedicine
and for Village Resource Centres (VRC).

1. GSAT-8, Indias advanced communication satellite, is a

high power communication satellite being inducted in the
INSAT system.
2. The GAGAN payload provides the Satellite Based
Augmentation System (SBAS), through which the accuracy Ariane-5 VA-202
of the positioning information obtained from the GPS
Satellite is improved by a network of ground based receivers
and made available to the users in the country through the
geostationary satellites.

1. GSAT-5P was the fifth satellite launched in the GSAT

series.
2. It was an exclusive communication satellite to further
GSLV-F06 / GSAT-5P
augment the communication services currently provided by
the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) System.
1. GSAT-4 was the nineteenth geo-stationary satellite of
India built by ISRO and fourth in the GSAT series.
2. GSAT-4 was basically an experimental satellite with the
following new technologies intended to be tested:
Electric Propulsion System
Bus Management Unit
GSLV-D3 / GSAT-4
1553 Bus for Data Communication
Miniaturised Dynamically Tuned Gyros
36 AH Lithium Ion Battery
70 V Bus for Ka band TWTAs
3. However, GSAT-4 was not placed in orbit as GSLV-D3
could not complete the mission

1. INSAT4CR was injected into the orbit with enhanced

Russian Cryogenic engine.
2. INSAT-4CR carries 12 high-power Ku-band transponders
GSLV-F04 / INSAT-4CR
designed to provide Direct-to-home (DTH) television
services, Video Picture Transmission (VPT) and Digital
Satellite News Gathering (DSNG).

1. INSAT4B Spacecraft is the second in the INSAT 4 series

of spacecrafts and is configured with exclusive
Ariane5
communication payloads to provide services in Ku and C
frequency bands.
1. India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-
F02), with INSAT-4C on board, was launched from Satish
GSLV-F02 / INSAT-4C
Dhawan Space Centre SHAR (SDSC SHAR)
2. However, GSLV-F02 could not complete the mission.

1. INSAT-4A, first in INSAT-4 Satellites series provides

services in Ku and C-band frequency bands.
2. The Ku transponders cover the Indian main land and C-
Ariane5-V169
Band transponders cover an extended area.
3. It has a dozen Ku transponders and another dozen of C-
band transponders.

1. HAMSAT is a Micro-satellite for providing satellite based

Amateur Radio services to the national as well as the
international community of Amateur Radio Operators (HAM).
2. It consists of two transponders-one indigenously
developed by Indian Amateurs, with the expertise of ISRO PSLV-C6/CARTOSAT-1/HAMSAT
and the experience of HAMSAT-INDIA.
3. The second transponder has been developed by a Dutch
Amateur Radio Operator and Graduate Engineering student
at Higher Technical Institute, Venlo, The Netherlands.

1. GSAT-3, known as EDUSAT is meant for distant class

room education from school level to higher education.
2. This was the first dedicated "Educational Satellite" that
provide the country with satellite based two way
GSLV-F01 / EDUSAT(GSAT-3)
communication to class room for delivering educational
materials.
3. This is a Geo-synchronous satellite developed on I-2K
bus.
1. INSAT-3E is the fourth satellite launched in the INSAT-3
series.
2. It is an exclusive communication satellite to further Ariane5-V162
augment the communication services that are being
provided by the INSAT System.

1. GSAT-2 is a 2000 kg class experimental communication

satellite onboard the second developmental test flight of
India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, GSLV-D2.
2. GSAT-2 also carried four scientific experimental payloads GSLV-D2 / GSAT-2
- Total Radiation Dose Monitor (TRDM), Surface Charge
Monitor (SCM), Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS) and
Coherent Radio Beacon Experiment (CRABEX).

1. INSAT3A, the third satellite in INSAT3 series is a

multipurpose satellite for providing telecommunications,
television broadcasting, meteorological and search and
rescue services.
2. It carries twenty four transponders.
3. For Meteorological observation, INSAT3A carries a three
channel Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR).
4. In addition, INSAT3A carries a Charge Coupled Device
(CCD) camera which operates in the visible and short wave Ariane5-V160
infrared bands providing a spatial resolution of 1 km.
5. A Data Relay Transponder (DRT) operating in UHF band
is incorporated for real time hydro meteorological data
collection from unattended located on land and river basins.
6. INSAT3A also carries another transponder for Satellite
Aided Search and rescue (SA&R) as part of Indias
contribution to the international Satellite Aided Search
Programme.

1. METSAT renamed as Kalpana - 1 on February 5, 2003

after the Indian born American Astronaut Dr. Kalpana
Chawla, who died on February 1, 2003 in the US Space
PSLV-C4 /KALPANA-1
Shuttle Columbia disaster.
2. It is the first in the series of exclusive meteorological
satellites built by ISRO.

1. INSAT-3C, carrying Fixed Satellite Services (FSS)

transponders, Broadcast Satellite Services (BSS)
transponders and Mobile Satellite Services (MSS)
transponders is intended to continue the service of INSAT-
2DT and INSAT-2C which were nearing their end to life Ariane5-V147
besides improving and augmenting the INSAT system
capacity.
2. INSAT-3C is the second satellite of the INSAT-3 series.
3. The first satellite, INSAT-3B was launched in March 2000.
1. GSAT-1 carrying three C-band transponders and one S-
band transponder was launched on April 18, 2001 by GSLV-
D1.
2. GSAT-1 is used for conducting communication
experiments like digital audio broadcast, internet services GSLV-D1 / GSAT-1
and compressed digital TV transmission.
3. Several new spacecraft elements like improved reaction
control thrusters, fast recovery star sensors and heat pipe
radiator panels were also tested on this satellite.

1. INSAT 3B is the first of the five ISRO built satellites

under INSAT - 3 series to join INSAT system.
2. This satellite primarily serves to business communication,
mobile communication and developmental communication
3. It provides the first set to transponders for Swaran Jayanti Ariane-5G
Vidya Vikas Antariksh Upagraha Yojana (Vidya Vahini) for
interactive training and developmental communication giving
fillip to the training and developmental Communication
channel of INSAT.

1. INSAT - 2E, the last of the INSAT -2 series of satellites

built by ISRO, is a multi - purpose satellite for
telecommunication, television broadcasting and
meteorological services.
2. The very High Resolution Radiometer operates in three
spectral bands with 2 km resolution in visible band and 8 km
resolution in thermal infrared and water vapour bands.
Ariane-42P H10-3
3. The water vapour band has been introduced in the INSAT
system for the first time.
4. In addition, INSAT - 2E also carries a Charge Coupled
Device Camera, again for the first time in the INSAT.
5. This camera also operates in three spectral bands -
visible, near infrared and short wave infrared - providing a
spatial resolution of 1 km.

1. INSAT-2D, identical to INSAT-2C but the satellite became

in-operable following a power bus anomaly and associated
problems. Ariane-44L H10-3
2. Hence it was replaced by in-orbit satellite, ARABSAT-1C,
designated as INSAT-2DT.

1. Power of four C-band transponders increased to improve

communication facilities in remote areas like Northeast and
Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Ariane-44L H10-3
2. Coverage of two other C-band transponders is enlarged to
include parts of Southeast Asia, Central Asia and West Asia.

Insat-2A, B of the Insat-2 series of satellites built by ISRO,

Ariane-44L H10+
are multi-purpose satellites for telecommunication.
First Multipurpose satellite built by India, Successfully
Ariane-44L H10
Operationalised in August 1992.
The specification for the INSAT-1D is the same as the
INSAT-1B but with expanded battery and propellant
Delta 4925
capacities, launched to conclude the first generation INSAT
series.

1. The INSAT-1C satellite was launched from Kourou

2. Half of the 12 C-band transponders and its two S-band
transponders were lost when a power system failure
Ariane-3
knocked out one of the two buses
3. The meteorological earth images and its data collection
systems were both fully operational

1. When INSAT-1B was launched it almost suffered the

same fate as the INSAT-1A.
Shuttle [PAM-D]
2. It was not until mid-September that Ford and Indian
controllers succeeded in deploying its solar array.
The Insat-1A was launched by a Delta in April 1982 but was
abandoned in September 1983 when its attitude control Delta
propellant was exhausted.
1. Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar probe.
2. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor.
3. The mission was a major boost to India's space program,
as India researched and developed its own technology in
order to explore the Moon.

1. Mars Mission (MOM) is also called Mangalyaan.

2. It is India's first interplanetary mission.
3. ISRO has become the fourth space agency to reach Mars,
after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the European
Space Agency.
4. It is the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, and the first
nation in the world to do so in its first attempt.