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Critical Thinking
FACILITATOR
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Majid Mahmood
0333-5188677, majidbagram@yahoo.com
Critical Thinking
THINKING.
by Prof. Dr. M. Majid Mahmood Bagram
Your Thinking
can either
Trap Free
You You Who SHOULD think critically?
- Einstein
by Prof. Dr. M. Majid Mahmood Bagram
What Makes People Listen to Us? What Makes People Listen to Us?
Relationships: People listen to us because of who we Insight: People listen to us because of what we know.
know.
Transparency: People listen to us because we are
Sacrifice: People listen to us because of what we have transparent.
suffered.
Experience: People listen to us because weve
Character: People listen to us because of our integrity. succeeded in the past.
by Prof. Dr. M. Majid Mahmood Bagram
If I feel humiliated in the classroom because I think I If I think that I dont need a college degree to get a good
have been treated unfairly by the teacher, I will avoid job, I will feel satisfied with a high school education.
actively participating in group discussions Therefore I will not pursue higher education.
If I think that learning should be easy, I will feel frustrated In everyday language:
when it is difficult. Therefore I will avoid difficult learning
situations
Thinking outside the box
Different thinking
by Prof. Dr. M. Majid Mahmood Bagram
Chance, P. (1986). Thinking in the classroom: A survey of programs. New York: Teachers
College, Columbia University.
reasonable reflective thinking that is focused on deciding In undertaking your critical thinking, you should be:
what to do and what to believe
OR Persistent and careful and do not jump to conclusions
interpreting, analyzing or evaluating information, arguments
or experiences Look for the grounds that support a belief or position:
OR Reasons
examining the thinking of others to improve our own
Be aware of the further conclusions to which it tends:
Implications
Ennis, R. (1992). Critical thinking: What is it? Proceedings of the Forty-Eighth Annual Meeting
of the Philosophy of Education Society Denver, Colorado, March 27-30.
by Prof. Dr. M. Majid Mahmood Bagram
To recognize propaganda
To analyze hidden assumptions in arguments We dont achieve excellence in
To recognize deliberate deception thinking with no end in view.
To assess credibility of information
To work through problems/decisions in the best
way
Harpern, 1996
Aimless Thinking:
A product of intellectual work that makes no sense, that cannot We are naturally proficient at daydreaming and fantasizing.
be rationally analyzed and assessed, that cannot be incorporated Lacks a purpose.
Few people need training in aimless thinking.
into other intellectual work, or used and hence that cannot play Thinking that is random, that roams aimlessly is not critical.
a role in any discipline is meaningless.
Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder, Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder,
The Foundation for Critical Thinking Press, 2010 The Foundation for Critical Thinking Press, 2010
by Prof. Dr. M. Majid Mahmood Bagram
Language Language
The landscape of the mind. Words can have two kinds of meaning:
The software of the brain. Denotative
Connotative
Language Language
Denotative: Connotative:
Dictionary meaning: Suggestions beyond the dictionary
What is an apple? meanings.
edible, usually rounded fruit. What do you think of when you hear the
word apple?
by Prof. Dr. M. Majid Mahmood Bagram
Classification of Brain
Brain Fitness
Left Brain Thinking Right Brain Thinking
Logical Emotional Like the body, the brain has its own form of fitness or
one thing at a time integrating inputs excellence.
sequential operation dreams
To achieve brain fitness, the brain must learn to:
writing & symbols holistic solutions take charge of itself,
mathematical intuition energize itself,
spoken memory visualizing press forward when difficulties emerge,
become attentive, and reflective
You are only as good as your mind--it is your best You must PRACTICE good thinking skillsthey
weapon for survival dont happen by accident
Knowledge is a force multiplier and the key to If you dont do it, it wont get done
successful adaptation
If not now, when? If not here where? If not you,
Learn how to learn for yourself who?
Characteristics of Characteristics of
Critical Thinkers: Critical Thinkers:
In thinking critically,
we take command of the meanings
we create.
FACILITATOR
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Majid Mahmood
0333-5188677, majidbagram@yahoo.com