1. Write any eight uses of Microcontroller in industry?

i. Human Machine Interface

ii. Sensors
iii. Instruments
iv. Industrial Communications
v. Process control devices
vi. Industrial instrumentation devices
2. Write different parts of flow chart?
i. Flow Line
ii. Terminal
iii. Process
iv. Decision
v. Input/Output
vi. Sub-Program
vii. Connector
3. Define Microcontroller?

4. What is the need of programming Microcontroller?

Giving power supply to a microcontroller after connecting with other component is not
enough for proper working. The process of instruction to perform a specific task
through microcontroller is called programming.

5. Define bus in microcontroller?

In microcontroller bus is a group of conductive lines that carries data, address and
control signals.
OR
In microcontroller bus is a collection of wires through which data is transmitted from
one part of a circuit to another.

6. What is use of RAM in Processing?

Accessing data stored in RAM is much quicker than directly accessing data stored on
the hard drive, allowing a computer to processing much faster.

7. Why clocking is used in Processors?

It is used to synchronize various devices in the microprocessor. OR
It can be used to perform a basic operation such as fetching an instruction, accessing
memory, or writing data

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 8. Write use of reset in microcontroller?
Reset is used to starts the program execution from the beginning. It disables the
microcontroller and clears the contents of most registers.

9. Define instructions?
An instruction is a single operation of a processor defined by the
processor instruction set is call instruction.

10. Describe need of instruction set?

It is needed to specifies a processors functionality

11. Write two data transfer instruction?

MOV A, Rn
XCHG A, Rn
XCHG Rn, A
MOV Rn, A

12. What are benefits of Arithmetic instruction?

Add
Multiple
Subtract
Divide
13. Give example of logic instruction?
ANL A, Rn | AND register to accumulator
ORL A, Rn | OR register to accumulator
XRL A, Rn | Exclusive OR register to accumulator
CLR A | Clears the accumulator

14. What is uses of Microcontroller in general life?

i. Interfacing with other devices
ii. Temperature sensing and control
iii. Lightening sense & control devices
iv. Fire detection & safety devices
15. Define branching in Programming?
Branching means to change (or re-route) the flow of program execution from its current point
to another either conditionally (like if or if/else) or unconditionally (goto).

16. What is difference in CALL & JUMP instruction?

A JMP instruction permantely changes the program counter.
A CALL instruction leaves information on the stack so that the original program
execution sequence can be resumed.

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 17. Why the crystal is use with AT89C51?
Crystal oscillator is used to provide clock to micro-controller. Clock is used to carry all
the function that micro controller provides.

18. How much KB are in 64kb memory?

64KB

19. Define Addressing Mode?

Addressing mode is the way to transfer data from one location to another.

20. Write two major Addressing Modes?

Register Addressing Mode
Direct Addressing Mode
Register Indirect Addressing Mode
Immediate Addressing Mode
Index Addressing Mode
21. Why Addressing Modes are used in program structure?
Register data in to register.
Data in to register.
Register data in to memory.
Memory location data in to register.
22. Write advantages of Assembly Language to Higher level language?
Extremely fast.
Second closest programming language to hardware components (except binary).
Minimalistic syntax, just a few mnemonic keywords.
23. What is Assembler Directive?
Assembler directives are instructions to the assembler program that define program
structure, symbols, data, constants, and etc.

24. How much is RAM in 8051 and 8052?

8051= 128byte
8052= 256byte
25. How much are the Ports of 8052 and how many bits of each Port?
Number Of I/O ports=4
Number of bits of each poart=8

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 Part II
1. Draw block diagram of Microcontroller and describe two major parts in
detail?

2. Explain the difference between Microcontroller & Microprocessor?

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 3. Describe basic concepts of memory interfacing?

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