GSM Paging Problem Analysis

GSM BSS Paging
Problem Analysis
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe paging signaling procedure
Outline paging counters often-used in BSS side
Understand paging analysis procedure
Troubleshooting paging problem
Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Contents
1. Paging Definition Overview
2. Paging Problem Analysis Process
3. Paging Cases
Definition of Paging Success Rate
The paging success rate is the ratio of the paging responses received by
the system to the initial paging requests sent by the system.
It indicates the paging capability of the system.
Paging
Short
CS Paging PS Paging message Gs Paging
Paging
Without Gs interface With Gs interface
Formula of Paging Success Rate
Generally, NSS paging success rate is used as a network appraisal item.
The BSS paging success rate is just a network reference item.

NSS Definition
BSS Definition
Paging success rate Circuit paging (Abis-

interface) success rate (%)
= Paging responses /Paging
= Successful circuit pagings of
requests x 100% Abis interface / Delivered
Paging Messages for CS
Service in Abis x 100%
=A3030C:Call Setup
Indications (MTC) (SDCCH)/
A330:Delivered Paging
Messages for CS Service x
100%
CS Paging Process and Measurement Point
MS BTS BSC PCU SGSN MSC

Paging
A0300: Number of MSC-initiated CS paging requests
Paging Request Paging
Paging Request
Paging CMD Paging CMD A0300:Number of MSC-initiated CS paging requests

A330:Delivered Paging Messages for CS Service
Channel_req Channel_Required
Channel_Active
Channel_Active_Ack
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND
First SABM Establish_IND(Paging RESP)
UA A3030C:Call Setup Indications (MTC) (SDCCH)
CR(Complete_L3_information)
CC
CM Service Accepted

Contents
2. Paging Problem Analysis Procedure
3. Paging Cases
Classification of Voice Prompt
Voice Prompt
received by
calling party
The subscriber
The subscriber The subscriber The subscriber
you are dialing
you are dialing you are dialing you are dialing
can not be
is busy now is powered off is out of service
connected
No paging Fail to get

response roaming number
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting on
Attention: There is no specific according to signaling NSS side
standard for these two conditions. step by step
Troubleshooting via Signaling Trace
MSC BSC BTS MS
Paging Paging CMD Paging CMD
Paging Paging Paging

Response Response Response
Both Paging and
Paging Response Troubleshooting
are normal MSC Problem
Both Paging and

Signaling
No Paging Paging Response
Analysis Step Troubleshooting
are normal BSC Problem
Paging is normal, Both Paging CMD
and Paging
Locate the problem but no Paging No Paging CMD Response are
1 in BSS side Response Troubleshooting
normal BTS Problem
Signaling on A Paging CMD is
interface normal, but No No Raging CMD
Paging Response
2 Locate the problem in BSS side
Signaling on Abis Paging CMD is Troubleshooting
interface normal, but No Um interface or
3 Locate the problem in BTS side Paging Response MS Problem
Signaling on Um
interface
4 Locate the problem in Um interface
5 Locate the problem in MS
Paging Problem Analysis Procedure
troubleshooting the hardware
Determine the area with Any hardware or
End
Yes or transmission problem
low paging success rate transmission problem?
No Adjust the MSC or BSC
1
Yes data configuration
MSC problem? Any data configuration
problem? Adjust channel configuration
No Solve paging overload
2 Yes
Any paging overload? Observe traffic statistics
BSC problem?
Yes Troubleshooting SDCCH
Any SDCCH congestion? configuration
3
BTS problem? Any interference problem? Troubleshooting the
Yes interference problem
4 Any coverage problem? Troubleshooting the

Yes coverage problem
Um problem?
Any UL&DL balance problem? Troubleshooting the
Yes UL&DL balance problem
5
Any MS quality problem?
MS problem? Confirm with subscriber
No
No
Is paging problem solved?
Yes
End
Counters Related to Hardware and
Transmission
Usually, an alarm is reported when hardware and transport problems occur.
Sometimes, however, no alarm is reported when these problems occur. In this

case, analyze the traffic statistics in the tables in notes

Hardware Transmission Generally, the
counters in the
TRX Usability<100% LAPD Link Measurement (BSC Side)
function subset
TCH Usability<100% LAPD Link Measurement at the BTS should be equal to
each other without
Cell Out-of-Service Duration>0 (BTC Side)
transmission
Traffic Volume=0 Channel Activation Measurement problem
Incoming HO Requests or
Outgoing HO Requests=0
Channel Requests=0
Parameter Configuration Problem
Cause Parameter Related

CCCH Conf
RACH Min.Access Level
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
Paging Times
BS_AG_BLKS_RES
BS-PA-MFRAMS
Paging-related parameter on
MS MAX Retrans
the BSC side
SDCCH Dynamic Allocation Allowed
Random Access Error Threshold
T3212
RACH Busy Threshold
CCCH Load Threshold
Abis Flow Control Permitted
Paging Overload or SDCCH Congestion
Paging success rate decreases in the following cases
1 2 3
LACs are divided Parameters (such Heavy burst traffic

improperly as (for example,
"BS_AG_BLKS_R assemblies) result
ES", "BS-PA- in paging
MFRAMS", and overload occurs
"MS MAX Retrans")
are set improperly
Paging Overload
When the downlink CCCH (PCH) in the cell is overloaded, the BTS
measures the number of paging messages (Cluding both CS domain
and the PS domain) discarded from the PCH queue and sends a
STATUS REPORT message to the BSC.
The possible reasons for discarding the paging message include

Queue overflow
Queue overflow due to preferential insertion
Queue counter stop
Counters Related to Paging Overload
Cause BSC-level Counters Cell-level Counters

[Paging Measurement]->[A Interface [Call Measurement]->[Flow
Paging Measurement]-> Control Measurement per Cell]->
A0300: Number of MSC-initiated CS L3188L: Paging Messages Discarded
paging requests from the PCH Queue
A0301: Number of SGSN-initiated CS L3188M: Maximum Seizure Ratio of
Paging
paging requests PCH Paging Queue
overload
A031: Number of SGSN-Initiated PS RL3188 : OVERLOAD Rate of
Paging Requests Paging
[Paging Measurement]->
[Measurement of Discarded Paging
Messages due to Overload per LAPD]
Paging Overload
This counter provides the rate of the number of paging
overload times of CS and PS services on the Abis interface
to deliver paging messages.
[L3188C :MSG CCCH LOAD IND (PCH)

Messages Sent on Abis Interface (CS Service)]+
[L3188D:MSG CCCH LOAD IND (PCH) Messages
RL3188 : OVERLOAD Sent on Abis Interface (PS Service)]
= 100
Rate of Paging
[A330:Delivered Paging Messages for CS Service]+
[A331:Delivered Paging Messages for PS Service]
Parameter Configuration to Paging Overload
Counters Related to SDCCH Congestion
BSC The counters belong to BSC Measurement->

Level Access Measurement per BSC
The counters belong to Call Measurement ->

Cell Immediate Assignment Measurement per Cell
Level
The counters belong to Channel Measurement->
KPI Measurement per Cell
The counters belong to Channel Measurement->

TRX
Level Channel State Measurement per Cell
Channel Assignment Failure Measurement per Cell
(For the details, please refer to the notes)
Interference Check
Frequency
Scan
Receive
Interference
Level
Band
Measurement
Interference
Check
Methods
Interference Check - Interference Band
Interference band is the
interference level contained in the
Interference Band Default Power Level Range
RF RES IND message that the BTS
Interference band 1 110 dBm to 105 dBm
reports to the BSC when the
channel is idle. There are five levels. Interference band 2 105 dBm to 98 dBm
The level range of each band is set

through the LMT. The higher rank
suggests higher interference level.
Normally an idle channel at Interference band 5 87 dBm to 47 dBm
interference band 4 or 5 suggests

the existence of interference.
Interference Check - Interference Band
Interference Band Check in LMT
Interference band of timeslot check in LMT
Step1
Step2
Step3
Interference Check - Frequency
Scan
Frequency Scan in LMT - Configure Frequency Scan
step1
step2
step3 step4
Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 29
Interference Check - Frequency Scan
Frequency Scan in LMT Query Frequency Scan
step5
Use Ctrl+A and Ctrl+C to

copy, and Ctrl+V to paste
in a excel file to save.
Another Example:
Interference Check - TCHF(H) Receive
Level Measurement per TRX
The valid MRs that the BSC receives contain the ranks of
the uplink and downlink receive level and the ranks of the
uplink and downlink receive quality
The receive level has eight ranks, and higher rank

suggests greater receive level
The receive quality has eight ranks, and higher rank

suggests worse receive quality
Rank of Receive Level Receive Level (dBm)
0 100
1 (-100,95]
2 (-95,-90]
3 (-90,-85]
4 (-85,-80]
5 (-80,-75]
6 (-75,-70]
7 -70
Here is an example, the condition of DL/UL is normal.
Coverage Check
Uplink/Downlink
balance
performance
Neighbor cell measurement Power control
performance performance
measurement measurement
Coverage
Inter-cell
Receiving level
handover
performance
performance
measurement
measurement
Call drop
performance
measurement
Coverage Check - Uplink-and-Downlink
Balance Measurement per TRX
Uplink/Downlink Balance Uplink path loss - Downlink path loss
1 15 dB
2 14 dB, 13 dB, 12 dB, 11 dB, 10 dB
3 9 dB, 8 dB, 7 dB, 6 dB

4 5 dB, 4 dB, 3 dB
5 2 dB, 1dB
6 0 dB
7 1 dB, 2 dB
8 3 dB, 4 dB, 5 dB
9 6 dB, 7 dB, 8 dB, 9 dB
10 10 dB, 11 dB, 12 dB, 13 dB, 14 dB
11 15 dB
Coverage Check - Uplink-and-Downlink
Balance Measurement per TRX
Low downlink Low uplink

RX_LEV RX_LEV
Coverage Check - Power Control
Messages per Cell
Lower average transmit
power level suggests
higher transmit power
Higher average signal

level suggests higher
signal strength
Lower rank suggests

better quality
Great value suggests poor

coverage/bad quality area,
or improper settings of
power control parameters
Contents
2. Paging Problem Analysis Procedure
3. Paging Cases
Case1: Improper LAC Configuration
Results in Abnormal BSC Paging
Description
After the BSC6000 is cut over in an office, the number of CS
paging requests processed by the BSC rises sharply. The BSC
is configured with more than 30 BTSs, and the number of
pagings in busy hours reaches about 100,000.
Analysis
The problem can be analyzed in the following aspects: paging
policy of the MSC, paging mechanism on the BSC side,
signaling congestion, and more than one location area of
Huawei BSC.
Case1: Improper LAC Configuration
Results in Abnormal BSC Paging
Solution
Check the data configuration on the BSC side, and find that the BTSs
controlled by the BSC belong to an LAC. Trace the messages on the
A interface, and find that the paging message carries the LAC of the
BSC and the LAC of another BSC. Ask the MSC engineer to check
data, and find that more BTS data (the LAC of another BSC) is
configured in the BSC. After asking the engineering supervisor, find
that the BTS data is test data before the cutover. After the cutover, the
BSC supervisor deletes the BTS data without notifying the MSC
engineer of the relevant information. In this case, the MSC sends
more paging messages to the BSC (the MSC sends a paging
message based on the LAC).
Case2:Paging Success Rate Drops When
BS-PA-MFRAMS Is Set Improperly
Description
The paging overload occurs in some sites in Russia, and the
paging success rate decreases.
Analysis and solution

According to the analysis, the value of the parameter
BS_PA_MFRMS in the sites is 6 or 8. After the value is set to 2,
the overload does not occur and the paging success rate
increases.
Case 3: Paging Success Rate Increases
After Enabling A-interface Collaboration
Description
After a project is relocated, the paging success rate in some
location areas decreases.
Analysis
After the project is swapped, all the original parameters are
used but the location areas change. Analyze the traffic
measurement counters on the MSC side and BSC side, and
find that the paging success rate on the B side decreases.
Case 3: Paging Success Rate Increases
After Enabling A-interface Collaboration
Solution
Adjust other parameters, and find that the paging success rate is not
improved. According to the traffic statistics, PS traffic in the entire
traffic reaches a certain proportion. After enabling the A-interface
collaboration paging function, the paging success rate in the entire
network increases by 1%, as shown in the following figure.
Enable the A-interface

Enable the A-interface collaboration paging function
collaboration paging function
Data Configuration of Paging Co-Ordination
NOM
BSC-level
Cell-level
Page46
Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Case4: Unidirectional Neighboring Cell
Results in Paging Problem
Case Description
In a network optimization, users complain that in a place they
cannot be called and the reply is The mobile phone you are
dialing cannot be connected, that the signals are unstable, and
that the MSs sometimes display two grids of signals and
sometimes display no grid.
No alarm information
Cause Analysis
The announcement set by the switch when a user is not in the service area is The mobile
phone you are dialing cannot be connected.
The reason that a user is not in the service area is that
the MSs response to a paging times out or the MS does not respond.
From analysis of the signaling reported by the paging response and the actual cases, we
know the following reasons for the problem:
MSC user state management
BTS receiving part
SDCCH congestion
PCH overload
Unbalanced radio uplink and downlink
Incomplete coverage
MS quality
Handling Process
Dial the traced subscriber and observe the MSC The problem
subscriber interface tracing. It is found that there is
is in the BSS
paging message but no paging response message.
side
Open the BSC maintenance console signaling

interface tracing and find that the paging message to
the called subscriber is delivered normally.
The problem
Search the paging response of the called subscriber.
is in BTS or
We do not see the called setup indication on the Abis
interface, meaning that the BSC does not receive the MS side
paging response of the called party.
Handling Process
Field test discovers that when outdoors, it is normal to call and to be
called, while indoors the signal fluctuates.
Using the SAGEM test MS discovers that the signal of service cell A is
unstable, therefore the MS reselects to cell B or hands over to cell B,
but the signal of cell B is unstable too.
Because cell B does not be included in the neighbor cell list of cell A
(BA1 and BA2 tables are not made), when the signal level of cell B
drops to -100 dBm, at last the MS drops from the network because of
the lack of a good neighbor.
In this case the called party cannot receive the paging message, which
results in paging time out.
Handling Process
Add cell A as the neighbor of cell B, and add corresponding
information in the BA1 and BA2 tables.
After the setting, calls are made several times and all is normal.
The problem is solved.
Summary
Paging problem analysis procedure
Counters related to paging
Data configuration related to paging
Cases about paging problem
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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Verwandte Titel

GSM BSS Paging

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Outline paging counters often-used in BSS side

Understand paging analysis procedure

Troubleshooting paging problem

2. Paging Problem Analysis Process

It indicates the paging capability of the system.

Without Gs interface With Gs interface

The BSS paging success rate is just a network reference item.

Paging success rate Circuit paging (Abis-

MS BTS BSC PCU SGSN MSC

Paging CMD Paging CMD A0300:Number of MSC-initiated CS paging requests

2. Paging Problem Analysis Procedure

No paging Fail to get

Paging Paging CMD Paging CMD

Paging Paging Paging

Both Paging and

4 Any coverage problem? Troubleshooting the

Sometimes, however, no alarm is reported when these problems occur. In this

Cause Parameter Related

LACs are divided Parameters (such Heavy burst traffic

The possible reasons for discarding the paging message include

Queue overflow due to preferential insertion

Queue counter stop

Cause BSC-level Counters Cell-level Counters

[L3188C :MSG CCCH LOAD IND (PCH)

BSC The counters belong to BSC Measurement->

The counters belong to Call Measurement ->

The counters belong to Channel Measurement->

(For the details, please refer to the notes)

The level range of each band is set

interference band 4 or 5 suggests

Use Ctrl+A and Ctrl+C to

The receive level has eight ranks, and higher rank

The receive quality has eight ranks, and higher rank

2 14 dB, 13 dB, 12 dB, 11 dB, 10 dB

3 9 dB, 8 dB, 7 dB, 6 dB

Low downlink Low uplink

Higher average signal

Lower rank suggests

Great value suggests poor

2. Paging Problem Analysis Procedure

Analysis and solution

Enable the A-interface

Open the BSC maintenance console signaling

Counters related to paging

Data configuration related to paging

Cases about paging problem

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