Reservoir Stimulation Techniques

Hydraulic Fracturing

Petroleum Seminars, May 2014 Yolanda Tati, 67526

 Reservoir Stimulation
What is it about?

What are the treatments

most commonly used?

Explosives

Hydraulic Fracturing

Acid Injection
 Hydraulic Fracturing
What is the point?!

Source:http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/IAI/17-20mar10/Wellstimulationtech.pdf

Source:http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/IAI/17-20mar10/Wellstimulationtech.pdf
 STOP!
It is SAFETYs 30 seconds!

Communication
Responsability
Awareness
Integrity
To Fracture or Not to Fracture: That is the question.
Criteria for a good Candidate
Formation permeability (< 10 mDarcy)

The in-situ stress distribution

The condition of the wellbore

Condition of Well Equipment

Skin factor

Reservoir fluid viscosity

Reservoir pressure

O/W and O/G not very close

Reservoir depth

Production History of the well

ETC.
Equipment and Configuration
Wanna have a look of the Real life?

Source:http://www.groundworkcanada.org/
What are the types of Frac Fluids?

Acid Fracturing Non-Acid Fluid Fracturing Non Conventional

Water Based Nuclear
HydroCarbons Based Explosive
Poly Emulsion HEGS (High Energy Gas
Stimulation)

Source: http://fracfocus.org/
Fracturing Procedures
So How does it work?
Hydraulic Fracturing Stages

Source:http://www.fekete.com/SAN/TheoryAndEquations/WellTestTheoryEquations/Minifrac.htm
 1. Spearhead stage
Acid stage, Mix of water with diluted acid, such as hydrochloric
acid(HCl).

Source: http://fracfocus.org/

Goal: To take out debris in the wellbore providing a clear pathway

for fracture fluids to access the formation.
 2. Pad stage
A batch of carrying fluid without Proppant is inserted

Source:http://public.bakerhughes.com/shalegas/fracturing.html

Goal: To Break the formation and initiate the hydraulic fracturing

of the target formation.
 3. Proppant stage
A mixture of water and sand (i.e. proppant) is fed into the wellbore.
The proppant is composed of non-compressible material.

Source: http://www.wintershall.com/en/press-news/domestic-production.html

Goal:The proppant will remain in the formation once the pressure

is reduced and prop open the fracture network.

Thus, maintaining the enhanced permeability created!

3. Proppant stage
 4.Flush stage
A volume of fresh water is pumped down the wellbore
Goal:To flush out any excess proppant that may be present in the
wellbore.
 Ideal vs Real

Source:http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/upload/IAI/17-20mar10/Wellstimulationtech.pdf
 Now, Lets get our hands dirty!
Not really Lets just watch a small video!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjP-K1VaI1k

Shale Gas case!

Space for Questions

Very tinny little space for Questions

 Thank you for
your attention!

Yolanda Tati

Yolanda.tati@hotmail.com
(+351)926147615,
Skype Name: Yolanda.Tati