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Bonding I
CyberEd Student Study Guide: Bonding I
The following National Science Education Life Science Content Standards specifically relate to this
study guide:
BONDING I
The electron configuration of atoms governs the chemical properties of an element as atoms
interact with one another by transferring or sharing the outermost electrons.
Atoms may be bonded together into molecules or crystalline solids, and compounds are formed
from chemical bonds between two or more different kinds of atoms.
The physical properties of a compound are determined by its molecular structure and the
interactions among these molecules.
The number of electrons in an atom determines whether the atom is electrically neutral or an ion.
Table of Contents
Lab Activities
All lab activities referenced in this Study Guide can be located in the Teaching Resources section of the
CyberEd Oasis website.
Web Links
All web links referenced in this Study Guide can be located in the Teaching Resources section of the
CyberEd Oasis website.
Electron Review
Electron Review
Now load the CyberEd Chemistry Course Title: Bonding I
View scenes 1 10 and complete the exercise below.
Examine energy levels, electron orbitals and configurations, and
Multimedia
valence shells.
Presentation
Scenes 1- 2
1. How many electron energy levels does an atom have?
Scene 3
3. What is the ground state of any electron?
Scenes 3 - 5
Use the Orbital Diagram to answer the following questions (4 6).
6. Answer the questions pertaining to the Orbital Diagram and some of its rules.
a. What do the arrows represent and what do the dashed lines represent? Why do the arrows point in
opposite directions?
b. Where do you begin filling in the diagram with the electrons for an atom? When do you jump to the
next energy level?
c. How do electrons fill the orbitals when there are multiple orbitals on the same energy level (for
instance, the three orbitals of 2p)?
Scene 6
7. Define electron configuration. How does the electron configuration differ for atoms of different
elements?
8. Comparing two atoms with different atomic numbers, how do their electron configurations differ?
Scenes 7 8
9. Identify the orbital blocks of the periodic table.
A.
B.
C.
D.
10. What are the electron configurations for the following elements?
11. What is unique about the electron configuration of the noble gases and how is this useful in
describing electron configurations of other elements?
Scene 9
12. Which electrons are important for bond formation? Why do only these electrons and not all electrons
of the atom determine the nature of bonding?
Scene 10
13. What is the octet rule? What elements are exceptions to the octet rule?
Scene 11
1. How do atoms form ionic bonds?
Scene 12
3. How many valence electrons would be displayed in the Lewis Dot Diagrams for the following atoms:
boron (B), silicon (Si), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C)?
Scenes 13 15
4. Describe the sequence of events that occur in ionic bond formation, using sodium and chlorine in this
Lewis Dot diagram. Also identify where the ions occur and what their charges are.
A.
B.
C.
Scene 16
5. Define the following frequently used terms that are associated with ionic bonds. Give an example for
each.
Ion:
Cations:
Anions:
Monatomic ions:
Scenes 17 - 20
Use the Periodic Table to answer the following
questions (6 8).
6. In which region of the Periodic Table are monatomic cations found? Name two monatomic cations
and give their electron configuration.
7. What region of the Periodic Table has elements that can form more than one type of cation? How are
these elements named when they are cations?
8. In which region of the Periodic Table are monatomic anions usually formed? Name two monatomic
cations and give their electron configuration.
Scene 21
9. What is a polyatomic ion?
2- +
10. Identify the polyatomic ions in this list: CO3 N03-, OH-, PO43-, C6H12O6, NH4
Scene 22
11. The molecules in the graphic are binary ionic compounds. What
makes them binary ionic compounds? Name these three compounds.
12. Using the Periodic Table, determine which two different types of elements comprise a binary ionic
compound.
Scene 23
13. What is a neutral compound?
Scenes 24 27
14. What is the crisscross method? Describe how it works.
15. Construct the chemical formulas for two neutral compounds, using any of the following metal and
nonmetal elements: metals - Na, K, Ca; nonmetals - O, F, P. Use the steps in the table provided to help
construct and name the compounds.
Included in the table is an example of the neutral compound formed between the elements Be and Cl.
Scenes 28 29
16. In the table construct the chemical formula for two neutral compounds from any of the following
2+ 1- 3+ 1- 2-
cations and anions: Ca , OH , Al , NO3 , and CO2 .
Compound A Compound B
Steps
Cation Anion Cation Anion
1. Write the charge
for each ion above its
symbol.
2. Combine the ion
using the crisscross
method.
3. Edit subscripts.
Scene 30
1. What is a crystal lattice? How do ions maintain the structure of the
lattice?
Scene 31
2. What is the melting point for ionic compounds?
Scene 32
4. Why do the crystal lattice formations of ionic compounds shatter when struck in a particular way? Why
dont these formations crush or bend easily?
Scene 33
5. Under certain conditions an ionic compound will conduct electricity. What are those conditions? Why
dont ionic compounds usually conduct electricity?
Scenes 12 34
6. Fill in the table with review information about ionic bonds and compounds.
Scenes 35 36
1. Metallic bonds form between what types of atoms?
2. In the Periodic Table, identify the areas of elements that can form metallic bonds.
3. In ionic bonds, electrons are donated from one atom to another but
in metallic bonds where are the electrons found?
Scene 37
4. What is ductility?
5. What is malleability?
Scenes 35 38
6. Fill in the summary table for metallic bonding.
Scene 39
1. How is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond?
Scenes 40 - 41
5. What is the difference between a Lewis dot diagram and a Lewis structure? What type of bond does a
Lewis structure represent and how does it represent this bond?
Scene 42
6. Explain the terms, unshared electrons, nonbonding pair, lone pair.
How do atoms with lone pairs satisfy the octet rule?
Scene 43 - 44
7. Fill in the table on multiple bonds. For each arrow, identify the number of bonds and electrons of the
covalent bonds.
Number of electrons
Bond Number of bonds
shared in bond
Scenes 45 46
8. How might some atoms in a molecule defy the octet rule?
9. Name two elements that frequently violate the octet rule by having excess valence electrons. Will the
octet rule be satisfied for the atoms bonded to these exceptions?
10. In atoms with more than eight valence electrons where are the extra electrons distributed?
Scene 47
11. What are resonance structures? How are the bond lengths different between a resonance structure
and a molecule with no resonance?
Lewis Structures
Please load the CyberEd Chemistry Course Title: Bonding I
Complete Interactive Lesson # 5.
Review Lewis structures and how to represent covalent bonds.
Interactive
Lesson
Resonance Structures
Please load the CyberEd Chemistry Course Title: Bonding I
Complete Interactive Lesson # 6.
Review resonance structures of molecules.
Interactive
Lesson
Scene 48
1. Name at least three properties of molecules that are determined by its covalent bonds.
Scene 49
2. Define electronegativity.
Scenes 50 51
4. What is a polar bond? How are the charges denoted?
Scenes 52 53
6. Consider that a covalent bond shares electrons and an ionic bond transfers electrons, how does
electronegativity of the atoms determine whether the bond is nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic?
7. Comparing CO2 and H2O in these graphics what is different about the molecular bond
orientation? How is this orientation important to the polarity of the molecule?
Scene 54
8. Do the melting and boiling points for covalent molecules tend to be higher or lower than ionic
compounds? Why?
Scene 55
9. Ice is a solid made up of millions of water molecules held in a tight formation by affinities between the
water molecules. To melt ice requires only breaking the affinities between the water molecules, not
breaking the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. In contrast, why do network solids have such
high melting points?
Scene 56
10. Fill in the summary table for covalent bonds.
Electronegativity
Please load the CyberEd Chemistry Course Title: Bonding I
Complete Interactive Lesson # 7.
Review electronegativity in covalent bonds.
Interactive
Lesson
Test